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DISCOVERY and APPLICATIONS of X-Ray (To Mark the 125 Years of the Discovery of X-Ray)

DISCOVERY and APPLICATIONS of X-Ray (To Mark the 125 Years of the Discovery of X-Ray)

Quiz DISCOVERY AND APPLICATIONS OF X-Ray (To mark the 125 years of the discovery of X-Ray)

Bhupati Chakrabarti

1. X-ray was discovered in Germany in 1895 by 6. Sir W.H. Bragg and Sir W.L. Bragg the British Wilhelm Conrad in a laboratory located father and son duo shared the 1915 Nobel at Prize for their work now described as a) Aachen b) Munich a) X-ray spectroscopy c) Wurzburg d) Heidelberg b) X-ray interferometry c) X-ray 2. The iconic photograph of the palm with a d) X-ray tomography ring is one of the first, if not the first, photograph taken with X-ray by Roentgen. It was the palm of his 7. Within a few months of its discovery, X-rays could wife whose name was find a number of applications. Which one among a) Miranda b) Jutta the following was not there? c) Hilda d) Bertha a) Dental surgery b) Finding of the location of a bullet lodged in 3. Immediately after the discovery, the debate the body regarding the true identity of X-rays began among c) Orthopedic surgery . The X-ray pattern d) Determination of the cracks in steel structure obtained by a clearly put it in the category of electromagnetic . The concerned 8. Identify the scientist who himself won a Nobel scientist was Prize, but always felt that he should have the a) b) share of the for the discovery of X-ray c) Ernest d) Sir J.J. Thomson and referred to Roentgen’s work with that of a ‘midwife’ and compared his role with that of the 4. H.G.J. Moseley produced and analyzed a type ‘mother’. of X-ray spectra and could establish that the atomic a) Phillip Lenard number and not the atomic weight bear the true b) identity of an element. This X-ray spectra is known c) Sir J.J. Thomson as d) H.A. Lorentz a) Characteristic X-ray spectra b) Continuous x-ray 9. The work of this scientist with X-ray was so c) X-ray emission spectra important that he was nominated for both Physics d) Bremsstrahlung and Nobel Prize in 1915. But he died in the battlefield during the First World War and 5. A very important X-ray diffraction image proved could not be considered for the Prize for it could be to be the first one in giving a clear indication of the awarded only to living persons as per the conditions double helix structure of a DNA. This photograph laid down in the Will of . The scientist is known as was a) DNA X- ray b) Photo 51 a) Hans Geiger b) H.G.J. Moseley c) Photo DNA d) Helix in DNA c) Aurther Schuster d) E. Marsden

58 | Reporter | November 2020 10. In 1979 the Nobel Prize for Physiology and 18. The is one of the sources of extraterrestrial Medicine was awarded for the development of a X-rays. Chandra X-ray observatory is a very special medical application that uses X-ray. What was it? detector for extraterrestrial X-ray named after a) Digital X-ray b) CAT Scan Nobel Laureate Subramaniam Chandrashekhar. It c) MRI d) Ultrasonography was planned with a working life of 5 years but it is now working for nearly 21 years and is located at 11. Who introduced the name x-ray? a) Hawaii a) b) Pierre b) It is placed on an earth satellite c) W.C. Roentgen d) Henri Bequerel c) India d) International Space Station above the earth 12. Working with X-ray who was the first to win a ? 19. Which of the following bodies in space does not a) Peter Debye emit X-ray? b) a) star b) White dwarfs c) J.B. Sumner c) Supernova remnants d) Comets d) 20. X-rays produced in an X-ray tube are often 13. Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physiology and categorized as hard and soft X-ray. Identify the Medicine for the work involving X-ray? correct statement about them. a) J. Watson, F. Crick and M. Wilkins a) Hard X-ray has more intensity b) William Einthoven b) Soft X-rays are more hazardous to health c) Barbara McClintock c) Soft X-rays have longer wavelength d) Hermann Joseph Muller d) Hard X-ray has less penetrating power

14. X-rays can not only be produced on the earth, there 21. A scientist suspended all the scientific work during are sources of X-rays in space. However, it is quite the First World War and carried an X-ray machine difficult to identify the extraterrestrial X-ray and associated materials to the warfront hospitals sources because in a specially designed vehicle to help the doctors to a) these sources are too far from the earth treat the wounded soldiers. Identify the scientist. b) these sources are too weak a) b) Neils Bohr c) Earth’s atmosphere is opaque to x radiation c) Frank Barnwell d) John Ambrose Fleming d) There are not many such sources 22. Which of the following materials can stop X-ray 15. X-ray diffraction photo of a DNA was first taken by used for medical imaging? a graduate student Raymond Gosling who worked a) sheets of 2 mm thickness under a scientist born 100 years ago in 1920. This b) 2 mm aluminium sheet scientist was c) 6 mm plywood a) b) M Wilkins d) Woolen gloves c) d) Francis Crick 23. The first use of X-ray was done in India within a 16. The true identity of X-ray got established by 1915. few months of its discovery. Who was involved in Yet it did not get the desired name of Roentgen ray this? following its discoverer and remained as an a) Prof. S.N. Bose ‘unknown’ ray i.e. X-ray. However, there is only b) Dr Mahendra Lal Sarkar one Nobel Prize awarded after 1915 where the c) Father Lafont citation read “for his discovery of the characteristic d) Sir P.C. Roy “Rӧntgen radiation of elements” (this spelling of Roentgen was used in Nobel citation). Who was 24. Which medical procedure mentioned below makes awarded this prize? a patient receive highest exposure of X-rays? a) Charles Barkla a) Dental X-ray b) X-ray of a fractured leg b) G.P. Thomson c) Chest X-ray d) CT scan c) Arnold Sommerfield d) Neils Bohr Answers 17. There are large numbers of medical journals in the 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) field of image techniques for medical purposes and in related areas. A few of them draw their names 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) from that of Roentgen. One such journal is 15. (c) 16. (a) 17 (d) 18 (b) 19 (d) 20 (c) 21 (a) a) British Journal of Roentgenology 22 (a) 23. (b) 24. (d) b) Roentgenological Journal of America c) Canadian Roentgenological Journal Dr Bhupati Chakrabarti, Formerly of Department of Physics, City d) American Journal of Roentgenology College, Kolkata-700009. Email: [email protected]

November 2020 | Science Reporter | 59

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