The role and significance of Austro -Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska ( and ) in the period from 1878 -1918

Doctoral forum, 12/13 June 2020 Vanesa Kremenović 2. presentation

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina () in the period from 1878 -1918

Austro-Hungarian administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Austro-Hungary Monarchy was granted the right to territorial administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1878

• Benjamin von Kállay, Joint Finance minister - Cultural transformation as important part of the strategy for Bosnia and Herzegovina

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 1878 -1918

Aspects of musical activity:

• Composing in B＆H (Bosanska Krajina region)

• Military orchestras

• Singing societies

• Music education (music schools, music in schools, etc.)

• Musical life in general (ensambles, concerts, performances)

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 1878 -1918

Military orchestras in Bosanska Krajina region

• Who were they (Kapellmeister, musicians)?

• Activity of military orchestras

• Their role in the development of the music culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• The reception of their work

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 1878 -1918

Military orchestras in Bosanska Krajina region

• Classical music activity starts with the military orchestras First concert of classical music in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 31. May 1881,

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 1878 -1918

Military orchestras in Bosanska Krajina region

• Classical music activity starts with the military orchestras First concert of classical music in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 31. May 1881, Banja Luka

• Military orchestra represented as new government's 'symbol' (organised, sistematically planned institutional activity)

The role and significance of Austro-Hungarian musicians in the development of the music culture of the region of Bosanska Krajina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 1878 -1918

Military orchestras in Bosanska Krajina region

• Classical music activity starts with the military orchestras First concert of classical music in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 31. May 1881, Banja Luka

• Military orchestra represented as new government's 'symbol' (organised, sistematically planned institutional activity)

• Military orchestra's role in the process of integration of the domicil population into western cultural framework

• Constant activity in all aspects of life

2. Bosnian Herzegovinian Infantry Regiment (IR)

• In 1894, four Bosnian Herzegovinian Infantry Regiments were formed

• in 1895, each regiment received a military orchestra

• 2. Bosnian Herzegovinian Infantry Regiment

settled in the North - West region of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

center Banja Luka and Graz

• Eduard Wagnes - first and only Kapellmeister

Eduard Wagnes (18 March 1863 Graz – 27 March 1936 Bad Gams) Kapellmeister of 2 Bosnian Herzegovinian IR

• Kapellmeister, conductor, composer, French horn player

• Composed around 300 pieces: 100 marches, 40 valzers, 60 solo songs and choirs, 3 operettas, Messe, French horn concert, etc.

• Eduard Wagnes's legacy is in Graz Museum archive. • There are five boxes of manuscripts; most of compositions were never published.

2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR in Banja Luka 1895. (April - August)

• Wagnes composed few compositions in Banjaluka:

- Mit rothem Fez, (18. April 1895),

- Die Auszügler, (1. July 1895), - Aus Neu Österreich, (20. July 1895)

Grazer Tagblatt, 1. April 1895 2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR in Banja Luka

Mit rothem Fez

Military orchestra activity in Bosanska Krajina region in the period 1895 - 1918

• In late summer 1895. Eduard Wagnes and orchestra return to Graz.

• Musical life in Bosanska Krajina region was increasing in upcoming years concerning different aspects of music activity.

• Activities of newly established singing and other societies.

• Military orchestras took part in different concert activities, celebrations, charity concerts, festivals, events, etc.

• Different Infantry Regiments orchestras were active in the region (IR 76, IR 68, IR 33, IR 52,...)

Military orchestra activity in Bosanska Krajina region in the period 1895 - 1918

Banja Luka, concert 29 th June 1905.

celebration of singing society Jedinstvo

with military orchestra of IR 16 from Zagreb

• The role of military musicians in the development of the music continues constantly in years after 1918.

2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR in Graz

• In late August 1895. Eduard Wagnes and orchestra return to Graz. (concert announcement, Grazer Tagblatt, 30.8.1895)

• They were settled down in Graz town (Dominican Kaserne, Kapelle in Gries)

Steinböck, Wilhelm: Graz als Garnison

2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR in Graz

• Badeni krisis period in (November 1897 - May 1898), difficult for Kapellmeister Wagnes and orchestra (concerts were interrupted by students demonstrants, concerts under boykott)

• After 1898, Wagnes and Orchestra were very popular in Graz and region and played constantly.

Local newspapers were full of positive

review and regulary follow all the

activities of the orchestra and

Kapellmeister Wagnes.

Militarkapelmaisters Personal Nachlas, Kriegsarchiv Wien

2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR in Graz

They played different genres, various concert program, including many compositions of Kapellmeister Wagnes

(traditional folk songs, popular music, etc) ; played during popular events, in hotels, on celebrations and had become part of everyday cultural offer of town Graz.

Eduard Wagnes as Kapellmeister

• 1890 - 1895 Grazer Bürgerkorps Kapellmeister

• 1895 - 1918 2. Bosnian Herzegovinian Regiment

• 1919 - 1924 Garnisonmusik Kapellmeister

• 1924 - 1934 Sporadical concerts with several ensambles (Alpenjäger- Regiments No. 9 Orchestra, Garnisonsmusik)

Since 1924. Wagnes was in pension, lived in Bad Gams, composing untill the end of his life 1936.

Eduard Wagnes as composer

Composing in several musical forms: 1. Marches, valzers, popular music (arrangements):

• 1895 - 1918 2. Bosnian Herzegovinian Regiment: - Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand Trauermarsch (Graz 30.06.1914) - Helden von Meletta (1916)

• Garnisonmusik Kapellmeister Radio Graz Marsch (Graz 04.12.1925)

Eduard Wagnes as composer

Composing in several musical forms: 2. Operettas, Choirs, Messe: • 1895 - 1918 2. Bosnian Herzegovinian IR:

Operette Alt-Wien (1910)

Eduard Wagnes as composer

• Garnisonmusik Kapellmeister: Choirs, Solo songs

D'Steirisch'n Diandln, Gams 1928 Eduard Wagnes as composer

Messe, Bad Gams 1932 Wagnes's music today

Die Bosniaken kommen (1896) - lives still today as constant symbol of 2 Bosnian Herzegovinian IR:

- currently the traditional march of the communications battalion 1 in Villach

- Military Orchestras today (many live performance recordings and studio recordings)

-1971 (Orchester Supraphony with Rudolf Urbanec, Czech)

• 1974 ( Berlin Philharmonic Wind Ensemble, Karajan) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jAI9qJQYu8

• Different arrangements available (Gruss aus Bosnien/Bosna Selamlik; Mit rothem Fez)

Further steps and plans

Preparation of data bases, analises and statistical records of:

• all compositions, manuscripts, scores, published compositions

• all concert activities including reviews and critics available

• data base of the musicians

Sources and references:

Sources and references:

1.3. Published books

- Kotter, Simon: Die k. (u.) k. Militärmusik, Bindeglied zwischen Armee und Gesellschaft?, Augsburg, Univ., 2015.

- Steinböck, Wilhelm: Graz als Garnison : Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte der steirischen Landeshauptstadt, Graz, Wien, Leykam, 1982.

- Neumayer, C./Schmidl, E. A.: Des Kaisers Bosniaken : die bosnisch-herzegowinischen Truppen in der k. u. k. Armee ; Geschichte und Uniformierung von 1878 bis 1918, Militaria Edition Stefan Rest , 2008.

- Brixel, Eugen/ Martin, Eugen/ Pils, Gottfried : Das ist Österreichs Militärmusik, Edition Kaleidoskop, 1982.

- Schachinger, Werner: Die Bosniaken kommen! : Elitetruppe in der k.u.k. Armee ; 1879 - 1918, Stocker ; 1989. - Hrsg. von Clemens, Ruthner & Scheer,Tamara: Bosnien-Herzegowina und Österreich-Ungarn: Annäherungen an eine Kolonie, Tübingen: Francke, Herbst 2018 (= Kultur – Herrschaft – Differenz 24) ISBN: 978-3-7720-8604-5

- Rameis, Emil, Die Österreiche militärmusik - von ihnen Anfängen bis 1918, Verlegt bei Hans Schneider - Tutzing 1976

- Besarovic, Risto, Iz kulturnog zivota u Sarajevu pod austrougarskom upravom, Veselin Maslesa, 1974. [Besarovic, Risto, About cultural life of Sarajevo in the period of Austro Hungarian administration]

Sources and references:

Sources and references:

Internet:

- https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_W/Wagnes_Familie.xml (visited 28.04.2020.)

- http://www.militaermusikfreunde.at/index.php (visited 07.04.2020.)

- https://www.andrae-kunst.org/de/st-andrae-kirche-historische (visited 24.04.2020.)

- https://books.google.com/books/about/Graz.html?id=H5LzGKhS584C (visited 23.04.2020.)

- https://gams.uni-graz.at/context:gm-sw.saeule (visited 23.04.2020.)

- Javorsky, Rudolf: Hinweg mit der Sprachenverordnung! Die Deutschen Obstruktionskarten

während der Badeni - Krise 1897/98

- https://www.bohemia-online.de/index.php/bohemia/article/view/2987/4558

(visited 12.02.2019)

- Hrvatski biografski lexikon (Croatian biography lexicon)

- Tamara Scheer: Lebenskonzepte, politische Nationenbildung, Identitäten und Loyalitäten in Österreich-Ungarn und

Bosnien-Herzegowina https://www.academia.edu/34337263/Lebenskonzepte_politische_Nationenbildung_Identit%C3%A4ten_und_Loyalit%C3%A 4ten_in_%C3%96sterreich-Ungarn_und_Bosnien-Herzegowina (visited 09.12.2018)