The Debate on the Golden Rice and its Background
A Literature Review
Klaus Ammann, [email protected]
Dedicated to the inventor and relentless promoter of Golden Rice, Ingo Potrykus
Judge GM crops on their properties, not the technique used to make them – and we can start saving lives
Editorial help: Vivian Moses, Patrick and Michael Moore
20140614 final (with additions from June 17) references with names and full text links for private use only
Millions of children die worldwide every year, an untenable situation that is still worsening which needs immediate correction.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2013), an estimated 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient (= VAD) and it is likely that in VAD areas a substantial proportion of pregnant women are also affected in 2013. Earlier reports (UN SCN, et al., 2004) make evident that the problems are still growing: (in 2004: 140 million preschool children and more than 7 million pregnant women were suffering from VAD)
2
Preface It is not the intention of the author for this literature compilation on Golden Rice to replace the two websites www.goldenrice.org and www.allowgoldenricenow.org, they contain major information pieces, are well organized and specific information is easy to access. Rather it is the aim here to pull together a set of publications related to the background of the Golden Rice debate. We often are confronted with all kinds of determined opinions about the Golden Rice, Bio-Fortification, Transgenic Plants, Traditional and Organic Agriculture etc. and it is the purpose of this summary to shed light to the background of opinions pro and contra the Golden Rice – on how and why those opinions grow and how they are unfortunately melting down into simplistic slogans. The author hopes, that – reflecting the scientific and cultural background of this ardent debate - it will be possible to enhance mutual understanding. It is highly necessary to foster dialogue to overcome the deep divides, but fundamentalist views have no place here and will be dismantled. Mutual understanding cannot be achieved by deviating in a superficial way from the scientific foundations of knowledge and heritage in all kinds of natural and social sciences.
Contents 1. Introduction ...... 3 2. Innovation in Agriculture: a lot of ignorance, many misunderstandings, an analysis of dynamics and origins of the fake debate driven by fear...... 5 3. Golden Rice and Genetic Engineering ...... 9 3.1. Bio-Fortification ...... 9 3.2. Golden Rice, the first and second generation ...... 9 4. Genomic Misconception: Conventional and GM crops are based on the same molecular processes...... 11 5. Eco-Activists and their political influence...... 13 6. Campaign AllowGoldenRiceNow as a successful counter reaction: ...... 16 7. Limits of high cost vitamin A supplementation, food fortification and breast feeding ...... 17 8. Success of better diet in the fight against VAD fails in connection with extreme poverty ..... 19 9. Sustainability, an often abused term – let’s go back to the original report ...... 21 10. Arguments of opponents of the Golden Rice and its contradiction ...... 22 10. 1 Introduction ...... 22 10.2. List of contradictions to false statements of activists against the Golden Rice...... 23 11. The wider field of the Golden Rice debate, a summary ...... 27 12. Selection of slides for presentations on the topic of Golden Rice ...... 30 12.1. The slides following this text ...... 30 12.2. Additional slides from other Golden Rice presentations: ...... 30 13. References ...... 31
3
1. Introduction
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and malnutrition: the connection has been known for centuries. A cure for night blindness with the sap of roast or cooked pressed ox liver applied directly to the eyes has been known since the Ebers medical papyrus 1550bc (Aykroyd, WR, 1944, Dianabuja & Creative Commons, 20100621, Maumenee, A, 1993, Wolf, G, 1978). About the Papyrus Ebers see also (Bryan C. & Ebers Georg, AGt, 1930, 1974, Dieleman, J, 2010, Ebers G. & Stern L.C., 1875, Ebers Georg, 1880, Fischer-Elfert Hans-Werner, 2005, Joachim Heinrich, 1890, Steuer, RO, 1961, von Klein Carl H., 1905, Westendorf, W, 1999).
Figure 1: A page from the Ebers Papyrus from Leipzig. A cure of night blindness with the sap of pressed ox liver applied directly to the eyes has been known since the Ebers medicine papyrus 1550bc (Maumenee, A, 1993) 4
A clear connection between eye diseases and malnutrition was established by Parsons as early as 1908 (Parsons, JH, 1908), who also mentions the Ebers-Papyrus. More on the early developments on Vitamin perspectives in food in a latest review (Sommer, A, 2014). As early as 1933 and 1938 experiments linked night blindness to VAD (Hess, AF & Kirby, DB, 1933, Wald, G, et al., 1938).
Today we know that in developing countries between 250,000 and 500,000 children become blind annually, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight
Today we know that in developing countries between 250,000 and 500,000 children become blind annually, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight (Pettifor JM & Zlotkin S., 2004, WHO, 2009, WHO, 2013). Even more shocking is the fact that VAD leads to nutritionally acquired immune deficiency (Reifen, R, 2002, Semba R.D., 2004, Semba R.D., 2012). Much more studies have been done by A. Sommer and his lab, an extensive, recently an extensive sommary has been published: (Sommer, A, 2014)Consequently, providing vitamin A to all children in undernourished settings could prevent an estimated 1.9–2.7 million child deaths annually from otherwise survivable infectious diseases. (Dubock Adrian, 2013, Stein, AJ, et al., 2008, Tang, G, et al., 2012). Generally, it is hard to understand why the GM opponents are indulging into a veritable eco-imperialism, giving orders to people e.g. in Africa on how to organize their food production by excluding GM crops (Karembu Margaret, 20140603).
It is worth noting that, with full medical care, a much greater number of children, ca. 6 million, could be rescued annually (Bryce, J, et al., 2005). But, unfortunately, for many years this has been and will be an illusionary scenario. Based on statistics from 2000, this would entail an annual cost from US$ 3.1 - 8 billion. These figures call for an introduction of Golden Rice without further delay (Wesseler, J & Zilberman, D, 2014, Wesseler, J, S. , et al., 2014) – the annual costs of delay in India alone have been estimated as US$ 199 million, based on about 1.4 million life years lost over the past decade - in India as an indicator. See also (Economic Times of India, 20140613, Miglani Sanjeev, 20140612, Sharma Aman & Bhavna Vi Aurora, 20140614).
5
2. Innovation in Agriculture: a lot of ignorance, many misunderstandings, an analysis of dynamics and origins of the fake debate driven by fear.
In the present era of the western prosperity we have lost contact with global reality (Paarlberg, R, 2010, Paarlberg, RL, 2002). It is sad to see that as consumers and citizens from the wealthy countries we do not adapt our thinking to the economies of poor countries (FAO, 2009). The world is still confronted with persistent hunger epidemics, slavery and the abuse of the poor of all kinds, particularly children (UNICEF, 2012, UNICEF, et al., 2014), gigantic food waste (FAO, et al., 2013, Gustavsson, J, et al., 2011), endemic violence supported by shameless arms trafficking fostered by the well-equipped and virtually unregulated weapons industries of wealthy countries (Perlo- Freeman Sam & Solmirano Carina, 2014), the existence of eco-imperialist attitudes of rich countries in the developing world (Anderson, K, 2010, Morris, EJ, 2011) - an awkward list which could easily be expanded. Indeed, this inertia to take account of the realities of global politics and specific needs of developing countries should be reduced by the growing global knowledge with its steadily improving internet exchange. But instead of seeing chances for change, we are compensating the growing contrasts with a cultural pessimism by developing technophobia and basic resistance towards progress in the Western world (Ammann Klaus, 20121228). Strange pseudo-cultural tendencies develop alongside a romantic concept of nature from which humans should be excluded, a concept which leads to more conflicts and fewer solutions (Entine Jon, 20121112, Moore Patrick & Spahl Thilo, 2014), (Vining, J, et al., 2008). Sadly, people are hypnotized by mass media and activists raising money and taking advantage of the principle “evil always fascinates – goodness rarely entertains”.
Conditioned fear provides a critical survival -related function in the face of threats by activating a range of protective behaviours
Activist groups take skilful advantage of a climate of political mistrust coupled with our readiness to maintain concerns related to our personal welfare. Those fears are deeply in-trenched in our behaviour derived from our perilous history when prompt reaction to fear was essential for survival (Fanselow, MS, 2013, Fendt, M & Fanselow, MS, 1999). Conditioned fear provides a critical survival- related function in the face of threats by activating a range of protective behaviours (Anagnostaras, SG, et al., 1999), (Greene, J & Haidt, J, 2002, LeDoux, JE, 1998, Moll, J & Schulkin, J, 2009).
That makes fear "far, far more powerful than reason," says neurobiologist Michael Fanselow of the University of California, Los Angeles. Neural modelling can open doors for better explanations of fear dynamics in human society, despite its own limits (Krasne, FB, et al., 2011). Indeed, the evolutionary primacy of the brain's fear circuitry makes it more powerful than reasoning circuits (Begley, S, et al., 2007). But there is hope: The human brain has also unique interpreter abilities to allow for hypothesis which might form and modify beliefs and can even free the human agent from the shackles of environmental stimuli (Gazzaniga, MS, 1989), an optimistic view which gets growing support (Viale Riccardo, DA, Lawrence A. Hirschfeld,, 2014). The same diagnosis has been given by Ingo Potrykus (Potrykus, I, 2001a) in the introduction: emotions are the problem, not rational discourse. 6
Social exclusion (Stigmatization) as a result has many historic parallels, whether it is focusing on the nature of humans like Gypsies or Jews or on the nature of things like stem cells or transgenic crops.
Another very powerful dynamics is related to those processes: stigmatization is also rooted deeply in evolution of mankind (Anderson, B, 1991). Perceptions of risk and stigma are intrinsically subjective (Miller, B & Sinclair, J, 2012), making personal narratives particularly advantageous for understanding, leading to myths of a given community. Meanwhile, these deeply held but questionable values, which tend to develop in communal settings, often define conflicts about the appropriate use of natural resources. (Gardner, D, 2008, 2009). Social exclusion as a result has many historic parallels (Anderson, B, 2012, Eco, U, 1995, Reich, W, 1946), whether it is focusing on the nature of humans like Gypsies or Jews (and recently on biotech industry individuals) or on the nature of things like stem cells or transgenic crops. It is this kind of scientifically untenable common sense understanding of GMOs as stigmatized crops (Herring, RJ, 2008), believed to be fundamentally different from conventional crops. This is also the main reason why regulators in Europe and in the Cartagena Protocol willingly followed the ‘Genomic Misconception’ (explained in detail in the next two sections 3 and 4). The recent call, especially in Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland for regions free of genetic engineered crops alludes to the above psychological processes. The most recent decision of the European Community (EU- Presidency-Council, 20140528) to allow each EU member country to decide on their own on rejection or adoption of GM crops, is symptomatic for this hysteria. (Barbiere Cecile, 20140613). Factually, this decision means to say goodbye to proper science when regulatory decision are made – more comments under (Dalton, RJ, 2013, Lofstedt, R, et al., 2011, Rothstein H., et al., 2000). Certain NGOs, including Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth and national and international agencies supporting organic farming, build their campaigns on those processes and, in the visible part of the debate, they camouflage those basic sentiments with pseudo-rational reasoning (Verhoog, H, et al., 2003): they use the obscure term “genomic integrity”, which according to their unscientific and fundamentalist views has to be respected. The more this term is developed, the more you realize that its missing genomic reality by far: stressing “genomic integrity” is abused for a seemingly plausible argument against transgenesis. (Lammerts van Bueren, ET, et al., 2002, Verhoog, H, et al., 2003). Apart from the myth of the ‘genomic misconception’ (see section 4) the genome is extremely dynamic in its structure: (Pan, QW, et al., 2012, Smilde, AK, et al., 2010, Smith, J, et al., 2007, Soltis, DE & Soltis, PS, 1993) A full set of more pseudo-scientific reasons (and their contradiction) against the Golden Rice is given in a contribution of our Golden Rice Now campaign. The link also includes a range of positive arguments for the support of the Golden Rice project, see also section 9. The opponents also convinced themselves that they are “on the good and noble” side of the debate, driven by a strong sense of ‘moral self-licensing’ as described by Merritt (Merritt Anna C., et al., 2010). That kind of ‘being good’ frees people to be bad, step over legal limits, indulge into filtered argumentation – and it disturbs the moral compass as a whole. (Some thoughtful insight in moral judgement comes from J. Greene: (Greene, J & Haidt, J, 2002). It is obviously a very successful strategy to be on the good and noble side of the environmental politics, as shown by their commercial success (Nisbet Martin, 20130313). Another evolution based behaviour has been extensively described by (Greene Joshua, 2013): Tribal life is often in its enjoyment of solidarity a welcome stimulans. An excellent example how easy it is to strike fear into the heart of lay people has been demonstrated by the fake campaign of “Madagaskar against Monsanto”: 7
“Sir, I am afraid for my future, afraid because March Against Monsanto has threatened me and my community,” Navid Rakotofalala told amidst a fury of reactions to his unconventional expose prank to explore just how outrageously far “mainstream” anti-GMO activists would go to to spread their message. See one of the most blatant fake posters the fanatic anti-GMO crowd took for real:
Figure 2 Example of the fake campaign in Madagaskar (May 2014) set up by a student with a big positive echo of anti- GMO followers. (Eirdosh Dustin, 20140610, Rakotofalala Navid, 20140527)
8
Figure 3 A very successful fake poster (among many others) shown in the prank campaign against Monsanto, see (Eirdosh Dustin, 20140610, Rakotofalala Navid, 20140527)
9
3. Golden Rice and Genetic Engineering
3.1. Bio-Fortification At present there are many bio-fortified crops being developed by Harvest Plus to mitigate a variety of pressing nutrition problems. Some new traits will be developed with ‘conventional’ breeding including extensive selection projects, but exclude rice, because here the vitamin A has to be inserted in the endosperm with biotechnology methods (Bouis, HE, et al., 2011). Although Harvest Plus preferst to work at present with conventional crops, transgenic crops are explicitly not excluded. Regrettably (in some peoples’ eyes), the most important of the staple crops able to sustainably provide micronutrients – including rice, cassava, sorghum and cooking bananas (plantains) – can be improved efficiently and without delay only by using genetic engineering techniques. The example of cassava illustrates the complexity of conventional breeding which depends on a search for appropriate local varieties and tackling environmental impact problems, all of which takes many years to carry out long selection processes (Maroya, NG, et al., 2007); GMO cassava, on the other hand, rapidly yields safe and excellent results (Nyaboga, E, et al., 2013).
With the help of additional sponsors, including The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Syngenta, the second generation of Golden Rice, based on a different rice variety and a simplified transgene construct is now ready for use (a bowl of 40g of Golden Rice per day for everyone will be enough to avoid VAD).
3.2. Golden Rice, the first and second generation Golden Rice is a variety of rice that is engineered to biosynthesize beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) in the white endosperm of rice. (Brown rice with the hull not removed turns rancid in tropical climate after a few days and causes health risks (Chae, BJ & Lee, SK, 2002)). The first generation of Golden Rice, with its complex transgene structure, produced nearly enough beta- carotene (Ye, XD, et al., 2000). It is interesting to remember that as early as 2002 the Golden Rice received positive reviews as a remedy against VAD, such as the one from Dawe: (Dawe, D, et al., 2002). With the help of additional sponsors, including The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Syngenta, the second generation of Golden Rice, based on a different rice variety and a simplified transgene construct (Paine, JA, et al., 2005) is now ready for use (a bowl of 40g of Golden Rice per day for everyone will be enough to avoid VAD). The science of the Golden Rice breeding is best summarized on the Golden Rice Website. The full account of scientific statements and contradictions involving activist propaganda was given as early as 2001 by the co-inventor of Golden Rise, Prof. em. Ingo Potrykus: (Potrykus, I, 2001b), details see section 8.
10
Figure 4 The image clearly shows the progress made since the proof-of-concept stage of Golden Rice. The new generation, also known as GR2 contains β-carotene levels that will provide adequate amounts of provitamin A in children's diets in SE Asia. (Cazzonelli, CI, 2011, Cuttriss, AJ, et al., 2011)
11
4. Genomic Misconception: Conventional and GM crops are based on the same molecular processes
As Kevin Folta put it lately in simple words: Genetic Engineering is simply Precision Breeding (Folta, KM, 2014). Widespread fears about crops like Golden Rice are built on the erroneous premise that transgenic and non-transgenic crops are fundamentally different. But for decades it has been known that the molecular processes involved are the same. Natural molecular evolution of genetic variants and genetic engineering involve the same three processes: a) small local changes in nucleotide sequence, b) internal reshuffling of genomic DNA segments and c) acquisition of small segments of DNA from another species or variety by horizontal gene transfer (Ammann, K, 2014, Ammann Klaus, 20131025, Arber, W, 2010) and. As far as Golden Rice is concerned there is basically no reason for further costly field and environmental safety assessments. The requirement for further testing follows from the rules of, the international Cartagena Biosafety Protocol which is based on bad science and accordingly must be thoroughly revised. (Giddings, V, et al., 2012, McHugen, A, 2006). The conclusions are evident: regulation must be revolutionized on the principle that GM varieties should come under the same rules as new varieties produced by other means such as radiation mutation and conventional breeding (Potrykus, I, 2010a). Some more thoughts for a regulatory reform in Europe come from Lofstedt (Lofstedt, R, et al., 2011), unfortunately, the suggestions move into the wrong direction by raise the barriers of safety assessment – no wonder when you read Lofstedt’ uncritical and unprofessional assessment of the science behind regulatory disputes over GM crops in the past (Lofstedt, RE, et al., 2002). The main obstacle will be to overcome populist politics influencing regulatory processes (Rothstein H., et al., 2000).
More countries should follow the example of Canada and the US, and regulate crops based on the phenotype and character of the plant, independently of the breeding processes involved (Price, WD & Underhill, L, 2013).
If the Canadian model (successful since 12 years now) would be followed, the “novel crop” Golden Rice would most probably have ruled out from the usual tedious and highly costly regulatory procedures and could be in the fields of many rice fields in the South Asian regions, carefully crossed in to the local landraces, respecting their biodiversity. Crop biodiversity is anyway on much better ways today: (Heald, PJ & Chapman, S, 2011, van de Wouw, M, et al., 2010) – the old and still persisting myth of declining crop diversity through biotechnology from (Fowler, C & Mooney, P, R.,, 1990) thus fully debunked. 12
It is quite astonishing to see, that even in the USA with its product oriented regulation the steady fear mongering shows results: Recently it has been decided that the state of Vermont introduces labelling for GM food, a blatant contradiction to the science debunking the Genomic Misconception: (Ronald Pamela, 20140612).
Natural molecular evolution of genetic variants and genetic engineering involve the same three processes: a) small local changes in nucleotide sequence, b) internal reshuffling of genomic DNA segments and c) acquisition of small segments of DNA from another species or variety by horizontal gene transfer
If the Canadian model (successful since 12 years now) would be followed, the “novel crop” Golden Rice would most probably have ruled out from the usual tedious and highly costly regulatory procedures and could be in the fields of many rice fields in the South Asian regions, carefully crossed in to the local landraces, respecting their biodiversity
There are many consequences when you adopt this kind of product oriented regulation:
There is no obstacle for organic farmers to adopt transgenic crops: (Ammann, K, 2008c, Ammann, K, 2008d, Ammann, K, 2009, Ammann, K & van Montagu, M, 2009, Ammann, K, 2014, Ammann Klaus, 20131025) No need for labelling transgenic crops No reason for stigmatizing transgenic crops by any means
13
5. Eco-Activists and their political influence. However green activists such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth continue to push for process- based regulation, ignoring other techniques such as forced mutagenesis using chemicals and radiation. The focus on GMOs suits the opponents in their scare campaigns, targeting mainly rich countries of the West as the main donation and funding sources. It has enabled them to collect impressive huge financial resources (Apel, A, 2010, Nisbet Martin, 20130313, Olenyi Sebastian, 20120228). A recent analysis of the EU funding of NGOs deserves special mention: The group around New Direction Foundation with the lead author Hardy Bouillon undertook the tedious analysis work to shed some light in the jungle of EU NGO funding, not an easy task considering the obscurity and complexity of the granting mechanisms (Bouillon Hardy, 201405). The total granting sums for all kinds of NGOs are flabbergasting and amount to many billions annually, the contribution schemes
The total EU granting of NGOs amount to many billions annually,
Greenpeace as the world’s greatest NGO with 3 million donators and 40 offices, alone the yearly budget in Germany goes into 50 and more million Euros, i.e. it is best funded protest organization worldwide
are highly variable, e.g. Greenpeace as the world’s greatest NGO with 3 million donators and 40 offices spread on all continents by principle does not take any governmental money, but according to their own published budgets the yearly income of Greenpeace, especially Germany, goes into 50 and more millions, i.e. it is best funded organization (Activist Facts, 2011, Greenpeace International, 2010, Greenpeace International, 2012). It is hard to understand why Greenpeace does not use their own lush funds for VAD solutions they do promote in order to avoid Golden Rice. Their press work is highly professional and well-funded (DeLuca, KM, 2009).
Figure 5 Greenpeace: offline and online subscribers, donors, volunteers and activists grew stronger and brought change to Government and Corporate policies in 2012 (Greenpeace International, 2012) 14
No wonder, that – with so much cash around, that some collaborators start speculating, and just in case he loses millions, it will leak and the poor guy will be sacked (as it has happened now) (Greenpeace Fraud, 20140615, Haene Stefan, 20140616). Greenpeace has mutated over the years to a profit making protest corporate, and they are more interested in good (means money-making) campaigns The parallel pseudo-science produced by Greenpeace against the Golden Rice is less professional – two examples from Greenpeace (Ocampo Daniel, 20131228) (Westwood Claire, 20140213), both full of malevolent misinformation, analysis and full debunking see in section 9.
Let’s hope that with some relentless effort this thoroughly false propaganda will be overcome, critical comments are summarized in section 9.
This kind of sterile perpetuated ‘tennis match of arguments’ (Kuntz Marcel, 201001, Law Stephen, 2011, Livermore, M, 2012, Lynas Marc, 20130429) should be overcome by scientific progress: In a new initiative, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is presenting a series of innovative ‘Plant Translational’ research with a special focus to agriculture in the developing countries (Plant Translational Research, 2014).
Figure 6 The golden rice field being destroyed in August 2013. "The surprise attack was staged by the group led by Wilfredo Marbella, deputy secretary of Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) and Bert Auter, secretary general of KMP Bicol. Also identified were members of Anakpawis Partylist and MASIPAG. Only 2-3 were farmers" Statement coming from the eye-witness Raul Boncodin, the Golden Rice project senior manager from IRRI in Los Baños, Photo courtesy Philippine Department of Agriculture Regional Field Unit 5. Details in (Lynas Mark, 20130826) see also (Lynas Marc, 20130429). About MASIPAG funding see (Fedoroff Nina, et al., 20131023). See also Ingo Potrykus’ answer to Greenpeace activists about their cheap propaganda 2001: http://www.allowgoldenricenow.org/2-home/26-potrykus- letter.
But there is no real hope for quick remedy in Europe of this unfortunate argument battle, on the contrary: As it has been again demonstrated recently in the European Union, scientific argumentation has suffered another serious set-back: It is officially granted by the round of the Presidency Council of the European Community to make decisions country by country based on political reasoning, science is not mentioned anymore: (Barbiere Cecile, 20140613, EU-Presidency- Council, 20140528). 15
„In this context, it appears appropriate to grant to Member States, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, more flexibility to decide whether or not they wish to cultivate GMO crops on their territory without affecting the risk assessment provided in the system of Union authorisations of GMOs either in the course of the authorisation procedure or thereafter and, independently of the measures that Member States are entitled to take by application of Article 26a of Directive 2001/18/EC to avoid the unintended presence of GMOs in other product. Granting this possibility to Member States should facilitate the decision-making process in the GMO field.“ And:
„These grounds may be related to environmental or agricultural policy objectives, or other compelling grounds such as land use, town and country planning, socio-economic impacts, coexistence and public policy. These grounds may be invoked individually or in combination, depending on the particular circumstances of the Member State, region or area in which those measures will apply.“
In other words, the scientific context of EU approvals of GM crops is fully de-validated and even more deplorable is the indirect de-validation of the highly professional, independent EFSA agency (EFSA, 20121011, EFSA Independence, 20121028) and its strictly scientific activity (Devos, Y, et al., 2014) and it can be officially ignored by politics and populistic views within the EU member states. The political reasoning is clear: It is ultimately necessary to overcome the constant blocking minority decisions related to GM crop approvals. In the authors eyes this kind of allowing for national GM crop bans by neglecting their own science based decision making process is the cheapest way out of the political misery, which has much deeper-going reasons: a hugely complex, obscure and defunct decision making process on the EU level, a judgement which comes from a professional assessment of EU structures: (EPEC-SANCO, 2011).
Why is it necessary to go into European regulatory details? Because Europe still is very influencial worldwide in regulatory developments, its strong influence on the Cartagena Protocol is also having direct impact on the regulation of the Golden Rice in Asia. (Ammann, K, 2014, Bendiek, J & Buhk, H-J, 2010, Cantley, M, 1999, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 2000, De Greef, W, 2004, Glover, D, et al., 2003, Hagen, PE & Weiner, JB, 2001, Malinowski, EE, 2001, McHugen, A, 2006, Morris, EJ, 2008).
16
6. Campaign AllowGoldenRiceNow as a successful counter reaction:
Final positive remarks on the GM crop debate: the AllowGoldenRice campaign is well under way since January 2014, and the echo in the press is owerhelming. There is no need to duplicate the long list of European positive press reactions, it goes into dozens of important news print, radio and TV products, well presented in http://www.allowgoldenricenow.org/media-page
Figure 7 Logo of the AllowGoldenRice Campaign initiated and led by Patrick and Michael Moore from Vancouver, see www.allowgoldenricenow.org and (Moore Patrick & Spahl Thilo, 2014) (Reichmuth Alex & Moore Patrick, 20140313)
The list of positive print and internet press reactions is impressive
from http://www.allowgoldenricenow.org/media-page
Die Welt Hamburger Morgenpost LN Online Aktuel Hamburg TAZ DE Frankfurter Rundshau Agrarheute Frankfurter Allgemeine Der Tagesspeigel In the opposition: Hamburger Adenblatt This online bulletin from the "Friends of the Nachricten.de Earth" claims we are paid lobbyists earning Bild de more than the Prime Minister, that GM is Berliner Zeitung only to control the world food supply and Biotechnologie.de that the Golden Rice is a Green Propaganda ARD.de project for a problem that does not exist. Berliner Morgenpost
17
7. Limits of high cost vitamin A supplementation, food fortification and breast feeding
The actual costs for the, so far most effective, traditional intervention – the free distribution of vitamin A-capsules – is per life-year between $134 and $559. Golden Rice is expected to do the same thing for only $3. And this $3 cost would include all the money spent in ten years of proof-of-concept work, plus all the money spent on product development, deregulation, variety registration and social marketing.
Vitamin A capsule programmes on a humanitarian basis cost donators around $1 billion a year and have undoubtedly saved millions of lives. (Imdad, A, et al., 2011, Mayo-Wilson, E, et al., 2011, Parul Christian, et al., 2011, Schmitz, J, et al., 2012, Wegmuller, R, et al., 2006, West, KP, Jr., et al., 2011). Nevertheless, even in the event of temporary success like that in the Philippines, (FNRI, 2008, FNRI, 2011) such programmes do not change the underlying problem in populations and are therefore not sustainable because of the recurring cost. In addition, there are various controversies concerning Vitamin A evaluation related to the supply programmes (Olson J.A., et al., 1998). A closer look at the costs of Vitamin A supplementation comes from the World Bank (Potrykus, I, 2010b): “The World Bank’s benchmark cost of saving one ‘disability-adjusted life year’, valued at $620–$1860 by the Bank, is $200. The actual costs for the, so far most effective, traditional intervention – the free distribution of vitamin A-capsules – is between $134 and $559. Golden Rice is expected to do the same thing for only $3. And this $3 cost would include all the money spent in ten years of proof-of- concept work, plus all the money spent on product development, deregulation, variety registration and social marketing. These unprecedented low costs are the consequence of the fact that there are no recurrent costs, once a variety has been released.“
And even if food fortification (replacing the costly pills) might look somehow more cost effective, it will unfortunately often fail to reach the poorest segments of the general population who are at the greatest risk of micronutrient deficiency. This is because such groups often have only restricted access to fortified foods due to low purchasing power and an underdeveloped distribution channel. (WHO, 201309, WHO, 20131014). The WHO guidelines 2006 mention the bio-fortified crops only marginally and not missing the pejorative (to-day obsolete) remarks, “that much work needs to be done to prove its usability” (Allen Lindsay H., et al., 2006).
Even in recent years, the WHO only promoted fortification and avoided bio-fortification completely: (WHO, 2009). Reading a later 2013 text from the WHO, again the word bio-fortification is missing, and the word “seeds” is only meant in a symbolic way to ‘plant seeds of consciousness’ in the young generation. Only in the last few months there seems to be a change visible – but unfortunately this is not (yet) an official opinion of the WHO, it is only coming from a WHA-FAO related book (Thompson, B & Amoroso, L, 2011) with a chapter from Gibson (Gibson R.S., 2011): After years of stubbornly abstaining to bio-fortification, it is good to read at least the following promoting position: “In the future, bio-fortification via processes such as agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding or genetic modification holds promise as a sustainable approach to improve micronutrient adequacy in the diets of entire households and across generations in developing countries. This review 18
summarizes new developments in food-based approaches, their advantages and limitations, and examines some of the efficacy studies and programs utilizing food-based strategies to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies”: this demonstrates a clearly more promoting position, but sadly it still remains in the vague future possibilities, this in face of the Golden Rice basically having been proven a feasible concept since many years.
Breast feeding as a good alternative for a child’s first six months has been proven to have a positive effect for later years of development and is also promoted by the WHO (WHO, 2014).
19
8. Success of better diet in the fight against VAD fails in connection with extreme poverty
A varied diet, including fruits, vegetables and especially animal products is undoubtedly the best way to avoid vitamin A deficiency. But the underlying problem of poverty prevents the success of this evident strategy since a better diet is dependent on many regional, economic and social factors.
A varied diet, including fruits, vegetables and especially animal products is undoubtedly the best way to avoid vitamin A deficiency. But the underlying problem of poverty prevents the success of this evident strategy, since a better diet is dependent on many regional, economic and social factors: (Bloem, MW & de Pee, S, 2004, Campbell, AA, et al., 2008, Campbell, AA, et al., 2009, De Pee, S, et al., 1995, Rickman, JC, et al., 2007). Additionally, and improved diet can even prevent neural tube birth defects (Laurence, KM, et al., 1981). If the diet can be improved, then VAD is generally clearly reduced (Haskell, MJ, et al., 2005).
Figure 8 Nearly half the world’s under-five deaths were concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2012. Share of global under-five deaths by Millennium Development Goal region, 1990–2012 (percent). (UNICEF & You Danzen, PB, Jingxian Wu, Tessa Wardlaw,, 2013) 20
But other results demonstrate considerable variation in success and some questions related to food fortification must still be clarified, foremost a systematic cost analysis is needed (Baldi, G, et al., 2013). The role of non-vitamin carotene ingestion is still doubtful and needs closer study (Sommer, A & Vyas, KS, 2012). Sommer et al: “Until definitive clinical evidence becomes available, we can only conclude that humans accumulate a variety of carotenoids, but their importance and roles remain uncertain. The only well-established pathophysiologic consequence of dietary carotenoid “deficiency” remains the provitamin A activity of carotene, especially b-carotene.“ This is indeed the beta-carotene which has been inserted by genetic engineering by the developers in the Golden Rice. Poverty must be overcome for the implementation of all support systems including diet enhancements (Zeigler, RS, 2001). Other crops besides Golden Rice like yellow maize will also not solve the whole problem, but Harvest-Plus is working on the development of a Vitamin-A-bio- fortified trait (Zhang, XC, et al., 2012), especially for maize with white kernels , see also the HarvestPlus Website and (Pfeiffer, WH & McClafferty, B, 2007).
21
9. Sustainability, an often abused term – let’s go back to the original report
Brundtland Report: Sustainability should be seen as a dynamic progress- oriented strategy: it is not a fixed state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional changes are made consistent with future as well as present needs
Sustainable solutions must include bio-fortified crops grown by smallholder farmers (as well as on a larger scale) created through plant selection and crop breeding using various traditional and modern methods (Greiner T., et al., 2013). Sustainability should be seen as a dynamic progress-oriented strategy: it is not a fixed state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional changes are made consistent with future as well as present needs (Brundtland Gro Harlem & NGO Committee on Education, 1987 and 2008), not as a defence against modern breeding as in Heinemann 2013 (Heinemann, JA, et al., 2013), the reality beyond Heinemann’s manipulated statistics looks different: (Ronald, P, 2012). It is important to change regulations worldwide, not by lowering safety standards but by insisting only upon good science, (Giddings, V, et al., 2012, Potrykus, I, 2010c).
Fifteen years of intensive biosafety research should have diminished concerns about the safety of GM crops, which is very well documented: (Devos, Y, et al., 2014, European Commission, 2010, Kuntz Marcel, 201001, Nicolia Alessandro, et al., 2014). Progress would be much faster if irrational fears about transgenic crops could be overcome at all levels, with research and product approvals regulated on the basis of their properties, not by virtue of the technique by which they were made. Some aspects of this complex debate may be found in (Ammann Klaus, 20121228, Siegrist, M, et al., 2012). A review of the whole complex matter of agricultural systems in relation to biosecurity and agronomic factors (excluding bio-fortification and other crop breeding processes) has just been published (Rosegrant Mark W., et al., 2014). The conclusions are complex and must be seen differentially according to region, crop, climate and agricultural methods. Suggestions for solving a range of current and future problems depend on hundreds of single and combined factors. Clearly, bio-fortified crops will have a permanent future in the fight against malnutrition.
Conclusion: the most sustainable solution to solve Vitamin A deficiency related to poverty: Genetically engineered Golden Rice which can be grown and multiplied by smallholder farmers 22
Figure 9 Summary of Sustainability thoughts in Agriculture, Socio-Economics and Technology Development. Based on (Ammann, K, 2005a, Ammann, K, 2005b, Ammann, K, 2007, Ammann, K, 2008a, Ammann, K, 2008b, Ammann, K, 2008d, Ammann, K, 2009, Ammann Klaus, 20120204, Ammann Klaus, 20120620, Giddings, V, et al., 2012, Miller, H, et al., 2008, Osseweijer, P, et al., 2010, Potrykus, I & Ammann, K, 2010)
The author’s view on sustainability: A complex interaction with all sectors of human-ecological activities, here reduced to three main columns. It is based on the Brundtland report (cited above) and some other publications mentioned in the caption above and more: (Basu, SK, et al., 2010, Clarke, L & Agyeman, J, 2011, Doherty Peter, 2011, Farmer-Scientist-Network EU, 2012, Franke, AC, et al., 2011, Horlings, LG & Marsden, TK, 2011, Jahankhani Hamid, et al., 2012, Kirilenko, A, et al., 2012, Phillis, YA, et al., 2010, Prado, JR, et al., 2014, Quental, N & Lourenco, JM, 2012, Ronald, P, 2012, University, MGCAS, et al., 2013).
10. Arguments of opponents of the Golden Rice and its contradiction
10. 1 Introduction Opponents tend to use arguments which are easily understood by lay people. Example: Greenpeace, in a propaganda hoax claimed in the first phase of Golden Rice development that 9kg (later 6kg) of Golden Rice was needed daily to avoid VAD. Greenpeace has since dropped this obviously erroneous claim from their European and North American websites ca. 2 years ago. It was garnered with a really impressive picture of an Asian lady in front of a big heap of rice implying that this is the daily 23
ratio to be eaten. However, the East Asia website of Greenpeace continues with the hoax (accessed 23. April 2014), now claiming that 3.7 kilos would be required daily. There are a number of rejecting publications still based on the low amount of pro-vitamin A of the ‘Golden Rice’ of the first generation, such as (Nestle, M, 2001), unfortunately, there are no traces of a correction of this well known ntutrition scientist of her critizism, which confirms, despite some relativistic statements, her rather fundamental opposition against GM crops.
Several papers of opponents have been analysed for this rebuttal: (Anonymous, 2008, Enserink, M, 2008, GM-Watch, 2009, GM-Watch, 200903, Greenpeace, 2007, Hessler, K, 2011, Hvistendahl, M & Enserink, M, 2012, Krawinkel, MB, 2007, Levitt Tom, 20111212, Nestle, M, 2001, Ocampo Daniel, 20131228, Pearce, F, 2001, Potthof Christof, 201402, Qiu Jane, 2012, Rogers, R, 2000, Then, C, 2009a, Then, C, 2009b, Then, C, 2009c, Westwood Claire, 20140213, Wilson Katherine, 2004, Zimmermann Dirk, 201310).
10.2. List of contradictions to false statements of activists against the Golden Rice Lists of pro-GMO arguments against this propaganda ‘information’ has been given numerous times, the one compiled here is based on the following pro-Golden-Rice (and selected pro-GMO) publications – with some exceptions only papers from the last few years.
(Al-Babili, S & Beyer, P, 2005, Al-Babili, S, et al., 2006, Baggott, E, 2006, Benson Norm, 20140503, Beyer, P, et al., 2002, Beyer, P, 2010, Beyer Peter, 2014, Bolufer, P, 2010, Chong, M, 2003, Cinco Maricar & Barrameda Shiena M., 20130816, Datta, SK, et al., 2007, Dawe, D, et al., 2002, Dirk, M, 20050405, Dubock Adrian, 2010, Dubock Adrian, 2013, Entine Jon, 20121112, Golden Rice Project, 2013, Harmon Amy, 20130824, Hessler, K, 2011, Institute of Biology, 1999, Karembu Margaret, 20140603, Lynas Mark, 20130826, Mayer, JE, 2005, Mayer, JE, 2007, Mayer, JE & Potrykus, I, 2012, Moore, P & Batra, K, 20120216, Moore Patrick & Spahl Thilo, 2014, Moore Patrick & Morano Marc, 20120910, Normile, D, 2000, Norton Amy, 20120815, Paine, JA, et al., 2005, Potrykus, I, 2001a, Potrykus, I, 2001b, Potrykus, I, 2010b, Potrykus, I, 2012, Potrykus, I, 20030404, Prakash Channa, et al., 2013, Prakash Channa, et al., 201308, Qaim, M & Stein, AJ, 2008, Ridley Matt, 20130801, Ropeik David, 20140315, Schaub, P, et al., 2005, Stein, AJ, et al., 2006, Stein, AJ, et al., 2007, Stein, AJ, et al., 2008, Tang, G, et al., 2009, Tang, G, et al., 2012, Tang, GW, et al., 2010, van Wijk, J, 2002, Wesseler, J & Zilberman, D, 2014, Wesseler, J, S. , et al., 2014, Zeigler Rob, 20130918, Zimmermann, R & Qaim, M, 2004)
As a lead-list the following statements of Ingo Potrykus from 2001b has been chosen – there is only little change ever since. His account of simple statements directly contradicting activist propaganda is enhanced with additional arguments and pertinent science papers underlying.
Golden Rice facts presented here vilify fully the arguments of the GMO, there has only been little change and the result of the few panel debates with the opponents did not result into any change of their full and absolute refusal of GM crops, including bio-fortified varieties. Golden Rice (=GR) has not been developed for industry, no benefits will be generated, the Golden Rice (GR) is given away to all smallholder farmers with low income (limit 10’000US$ per year), patents have been donated by Monsanto (Normile, D, 2000) and Syngenta (Dubock Adrian, 2010). Syngenta has helped importantly to develop the second generation of GR (Paine, JA, et al., 2005) and: Collaboration between research and industry is ok, as long as there is dialogue and independency is possible 24
(Evans, JA, 2010). Companies of to-day contribute with an important share to humanitarian projects and still can maintain successful business. (Farre, G, et al., 2010, Giddings, V, et al., 2012, Hessler, K, 2011, Moore Patrick & Spahl Thilo, 2014, Potrykus, I, 2003, Potrykus, I, 2010b, Semba Richard David, et al., 2008) – the list: It fulfils an urgent need by complementing traditional interventions, such as improved diet with fruits and vegetables etc.), since all those strategies fail in countries with extreme poverty. The underlying problem of poverty prevents the success of this evident strategy since a better diet is dependent on many regional, economic and social factors: (Bloem, MW & de Pee, S, 2004, Campbell, AA, et al., 2008, Campbell, AA, et al., 2009, De Pee, S, et al., 1995, Rickman, JC, et al., 2007) Golden Rice and other bio-fortified crops present a sustainable, cost-free solution, not requiring other resources. It is highly questionable - as the opponents do - to refer to the high research investment costs in face of the lush funds available to many NGOs (Apel, A, 2010, Bouillon Hardy, 201405) It avoids the unfortunate negative side-effects of the Green Revolution (economic problems or overuse of fertilizer e.g. (Das, RJ, 2002, Herring, RJ, 2008, Swaminathan, MS, 2006), since the Golden Rice project systematically will insert the Golden Rice into various landraces for free (and free multiplication): Since many ears, IRRI is working with a clear focus on preserving landraces (Jackson, MT, 1997). Mayer describes in detail the organization of the international Golden Rice network with the purpose to cross in the bio-fortified trait into landraces of Asian countries, work which has successfully made progress since years (Mayer, JE, 2007). Industry does not benefit from it, see the details of licensing arrangements in (Dubock Adrian, 2010) Those who benefit are the poor and disadvantaged. All specifics are given recently for the past 10 years of experience for the humanitarian project in (Potrykus, I, 2012) It is given free of charge and restrictions to subsistence farmers. (Dubock Adrian, 2010) It does not create any new dependencies, again see the details in (Potrykus, I, 2010d, Potrykus, I, 2012) It will be grown without any additional inputs. Smallholder Farmers will get the Golden Rice seeds free of charge for the trait, for the same costs as conventional seeds (Potrykus, I, 2010b) It does not create advantages to rich landowners. (Potrykus, I, 2010b) It can be re-sown every year from the saved harvest. (Potrykus, I, 2010b) It does not reduce agricultural biodiversity – landraces will not be eliminated, on the contrary, they will be systematically bio-fortified with modern genes (Potrykus, I, 2010b), see also a review on biotechnology and biodiversity (Ammann, K, 2005a, Ammann Klaus, 20131118). GM crops do not per se reduce biodiversity, on the contrary, they can help to preserve it by enhancing sustainability of growing crops worldwide. It does not affect natural biodiversity. Gene flow from rice to wild relatives exists, but is not exacerbated by GM rice. (Gressel, J & Valverde, BE, 2009, Lentini, Z & Espinoza, AM, 2005, Rong, J, et al., 2007) There is, so far, no conceptual negative effect on the environment. (Crichton Michael, 20120121, Jansson Stefan, et al., 20111006, Matten, SR, et al., 2012, OECD Consensus 25
Documents, 20120802, Sanvido, O, et al., 2012, Vidaver, A, et al., 2012, Wexler, P, et al., 2012) There is, so far, no conceivable risk to consumer health. (Devos, Y, et al., 2014, European Commission, 2010, Snell, C, et al., 2012, Steiner, H-Y, et al., 2013). Recent papers claiming possible health threats of GM crops are – without exception – not following correct protocols (examples of flawed papers: (Séralini, G-E, et al., 2012), retracted (Hayes A. Wallace, 20131128), two of the best previous rebuttals: (Arjó, G, et al., 2013, Jany Klaus, 2013) enumerating a long and embarrassing list of flawed methodologies. Other examples of flawed alarmist publications can be easily provided. They all can be debunked along the lines of principles for good acceptable research published by (Chassy, B, et al., 2004, Chassy, B & Parrott, W, 2009) It was not possible to develop the trait with traditional methods, since the natural endosperm of rice does not contain a trace of Vitamin A, genomic change was the only way to achieve it – all details of the various and often time consuming molecular development steps in Potrykus 2010 (Potrykus, I, 2010b) The myth that Indian farmers suicides are linked to biotechnology is still until today perpetuated by activists like Vandana Shiva (Shiva Vandana, 2008) – but it is indeed a decades-old sad old tradition, which began way before the introduction of modern agriculture, it has been debunked many times over many years: (Aggarwal, N, 2008, Beard, JD, et al., 2011, Boxer, PA, et al., 1995, Chowdhury, AN, et al., 2007, Das, A, 2011, G.D., S, 2014, George, PR, et al., 2009, Gruere, G, et al., 2008, Gruere, G & Sengupta, D, 2011, Iyer, AA, 2009, Kloor, K, 2014, Liu, TP & Waterbor, JW, 1994, Mohanty, BB, 2005, Muenster, D, 2012, Munster, D, 2012, Parron, T, et al., 1996, Parry, J, 2012, Parthasarathy, G & Shameen, 1998, Prasad, CS, 1999, Sheridan, C, 2009, Shiva, V, 2004, Shiva Vandana, 2008, Stone, GD, 2011, Vijayakumar, L, 2010). This avalanche of facts on research and review papers on farmers suicides, mainly from India, will not hinder the populist sayings of Vandana Shiva, who is asking, according to confirmed sources, a honorarium of ca. 40’000 US$ and a first class air ticket (10’000 US$). But alas, money does not make those fake propaganda true, but undoubtedly more popular and “respectable”…
Figure 10 Farmer suicides and Bt cotton area in India, 1997–2007. Source: Combined data from Table 1 and Table 2. Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India 327 Downloaded By: [Intl Food Policy Research Institute] At: 20:19 31 January 2011 26
From (Gruere, G & Sengupta, D, 2011).
Finally a collection of pro-GMO publications of a more general scope are cited here: (Atkinson, HJ & Unwin, PE, 2008, Bettles, C, 2011, Blawat Katrin, 20130901, Chassy Bruce & Brookes Graham, 201207, Chassy Bruce & Miller Henry I., 20130717, Deichmann, T, 2006, Entine John, 20131022, FSANZ, 201109, Harvey, R, 2009, Kuntz, M, 2011, Livermore, M, 2012, Lusk, JL, 2003, Lynas Marc, 20130429, McHughen Alan, 2013, McHughen Alan, 20130306, Meldolesi, A, 2012, Miller, H, 2008, Mooney Bernie, 20130829, PRRI, 2006, Schrader, U & Kaufmann, KF, 20120510, Shermer, M, 2011, Szibor Reinhard, 2011, Szibor Reinhard, 20130204, Tautz Diethard, 2013, Taverne, D, 2005a, Trewavas, A, 2008)
27
11. The wider field of the Golden Rice debate, a summary
But at the end of the day, all the elements mentioned above are still somehow cosmetic, important but not in themselves sufficient: we need to change our vision of science and life, develop a much more holistic picture of this planet in which it is still politically impossible per se to perceive in our own selfish thinking the catastrophic fundamental divide between the rich and the poor.
Cornell West (West Cornel, 2000) is deeply concerned with the corruption of the dignity of the everyday citizen; as a philosopher and a pragmatist interested in action, the Golden Rice Campaign fits very well into his thinking. Traditional knowledge is of prime importance and should be placed in a fair and reasonable context with respect to other kinds of knowledge, including scientific knowledge. Incorporation of traditional knowledge would help to prevent the rise of ideologies promoting agro-ecology in an unwise manner: (Ammann Klaus, 20120620). There are simply too many international biotechnology conferences held without the participation of the farmers involved. Traditional knowledge is far from being implemented in the biotechnology debates today. (Ammann, K, 2007, Binimelis, R, 2008, Deuffic, P & Candau, J, 2006, Guehlstorf, NP, 2008, Norenzayan, A & Nisbett, RE, 2000, Uskul, AK, et al., 2008).
Well-structured and professional second generation decision-making processes could make a huge difference in future debates; a referenced review of this aspect is available as a draft (Ammann Klaus, 20140504). The disadvantage of such a professional discourse is that it requires understanding access to different kinds of knowledge, it is time consuming and one has to go through the difficult phase of forming a discourse team, it should be open-ended and refrains from the usual tennis matches with often endless tiebreaks, forcibly ending with a winner – on the contrary, this kind of discourse seeks consensus – but not at any price – and should include innovative solutions. It thus demands categorically active listening and there should be no tolerance towards fanatics (Taverne, D, 2005a, Taverne, D, 2005b), and participants should abstain from ideology-driven narrow thinking within moral tribes (Greene Joshua, 2013). Also, taking unfair advantage of the fear of the population (Gardner, D, 2008, 2009) should be avoided.
But at the end of the day, all the elements mentioned above are still somehow cosmetic, important but not in themselves sufficient: we need to change our vision of science and life, develop a much more holistic picture of this planet in which it is still politically impossible per se to perceive in our own selfish thinking the catastrophic fundamental divide between the rich and the poor. This must begin with a new world vision putting science into its proportionate and well deserved place beyond a purely positivist, materialist scrutiny of the present huge and planetary problems. The constant war on false and confirmed facts in the GMO battle needs to be conducted vigorously, but getting facts settled will not solve the divide, even if we win it eventually. We should open our minds, evolve science beyond dogma, stay humble and envision major new discoveries in our knowledge, thus 28
following our own age-old historical experience. There is no room for extensive elaboration of those key-statements - instead a selection of innovative book authors may suffice for the time being, as proposed readings below:
Ridley Matt: The Rational Optimist – on how prosperity evolves (Ridley Matt, 2011). Patrick Moore: A major showdown against Greenpeace, described as a shameless multi- national protest group dealing in an unethical way with science and morality, written by a former founder of the historic first Greenpeace activist group from Vancouver (1974), Canada, who stepped out of this organization in 1986 (Moore Patrick, 2010) Bjoern Lomborg: How to spend 75 Billion to make the World a Better Place: Bjoern Lomborg 2014, see comment in http://www.goldenrice.org/Content4-Info/info7_actuality.php: Given the budget restraints, they found 16 investments worthy of investment (in descending order of desirability): Clearly ranking on first place: Bundled micronutrient interventions to fight hunger and improve education. About fear, emotions and risk assessment some recommended readings: (Anderson, B, 2012, Cottam M.P., et al., 2000, Dispenza Joe, 2014, Gardner, D, 2008, 2009, Gottlieb Roger S., 2006, Gottweis Herbert, 2006, Greene Joshua, 2013, Harris, S, 2010, Oreskes Naomi & Erik M. M. Conway, 2014, Smith, AD, 2002, Willaschek, M, 2003) A comprehensive history and review of the ideas of science still valid from 1990 (Krüger Lorenz, LJD, Michael Heidelberger, Gerd Gigerenzer, Mary S. Morgan,, 1990). A broad overview on the Structure of Biological Science (Rosenberg Alexander, 1985), more insight into the philosophy and science (Mayr Ernst, 1989, Rosenberg Alexander, 1985, Rosenberg Alexander & Daniel W. McShea, 2008, Rosenberg Alexander, 2012). The seminal pioneer launch of auto-poïesis by Maturana and Varela (Maturana H.R. & F.J. Varela, 1980), an extension to the science of evolution based on Darwin and Watson, narrowed down to reductionist Darwinism by his pupils. See the latest comprehensive views on Darwinism (Rosenberg Alexander, 2006, Rosenberg, RN, et al., 2009, van Wyhe John, 2013). Finally an audacious but precise new account on epistemology, evolution and holistic world views (Sheldrake Rupert, 2012) (Studies in Plant Physiology in Cambridge, History and Philosophy of Science at Harvard), more books and biographical notes on Sheldrake: (Sheldrake Rupert, 2014). A comment of Robert McLuhan: “There's a need for a book like this that's authoritative, wide ranging and accessible, and that challenges the materialist paradigm for the benefit of a wider audience. That applies especially to young people whose ideas have not yet been shaped by it, and their curiosity tamed and dulled as a result. It would be good to think that their generation may have a greater opportunity to question the prevailing dogmas and perhaps eventually forge a new science, one that describes more closely what humans observe and feel about their world.”
29
It fits well into the above call for opening the GM crop debate to wider knowlege fields to know that Pope Francis blessed a sample of the Golden Rice spontaneously:
Figure 11 On November 7, 2013, Pope Francis gave his personal blessing to Golden Rice (GR). Left: Chancellor Pontifical Adademy of Science Bishop Marcelo Sanchez-Sorondo, Pope Francis and right: Prof. Ingo Potrykus. from the www.goldenrice.org website a word of caution: “Regrettably, the church did not provide an official endorsement. It turns out that there is quite a distinction between the pope's personal blessing and an official statement of support from the Vatican. To understand the nature of that distinction, we turned to the person who elicited the blessing, GR coinventor and ASPB member Ingo Potrykus. At the time of the blessing, Ingo, a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, had been attending a meeting at the Vatican on the interaction of nutrition and brain development. At the end of the meeting, he was able to meet Pope Francis and took the opportunity to share a packet of GR. In response, the pope offered his personal blessing. (If an official blessing of the Holy See was given, it would come from the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace.) From Ingo's perspective, the pope is concerned that genetic modification technology primarily benefits big business and not the poor”. Insight into the GM crop conference of the Pontifical Academy of Science see (Potrykus, I & Ammann, K, 2010)
Klaus Amman is emeritus professor of biodiversity and director of botanic garden University of Bern, Switzerland. Curriculum: [email protected], Studies and lecturing in Bern, Norway, Duke University USA, Istanbul Turkey, Jamaica, Delft Netherlands. Plant conservation Council of Europe, Planta Europa, Swiss Biosafety, Africa Harvest, European Federation of Biotechnology, Public Research and Regulation Initiative, Details under www.ask-force.org/web/Curriculum/Links.pdf
30
12. Selection of slides for presentations on the topic of Golden Rice
12.1. The slides following this text http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ammann-Golden-Rice-Background-20140614.pdf http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ammann-Golden-Rice-Background-20140614.pptx
12.2. Additional slides from other Golden Rice presentations:
Ammann Klaus (20140405), GM-crops: How to construct successfully bridges between Science and Politics – a difficult task., in: Bridging the Gap between Science and Politics. Third World Congress for Freedom of Scientific Research, publ: Klaus Ammann,, Roma, Italia,, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Roma-2014/Ammann-Roma- Freedom-Research-def-20140405.pptx AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Roma-2014/Ammann-Roma- Freedom-Research-def-20140405.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20140523), Background of GMO debate Allow Golden Rice Now, in: publ: Klaus Ammann, Vienna, Austria, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Wien/Ammann-Wien-Global_2000-20140523.pptx AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Wien/Ammann-Wien-Global_2000-20140523.pdf
31
13. References
Activist Facts (2011), Greenpeace Organization and Donations edn. Activist Facts, IS: pp. 19, https://www.activistfacts.com/organizations/131-greenpeace/
Aggarwal, N. (2008), Farmer suicides in India: The role of psychiatry and anthropology, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 54, 4, pp. 291-292,
Al-Babili, S. and P. Beyer (2005), Golden Rice - five years on the road - five years to go?, Trends in Plant Science, 10, 12, pp. 565-573,
Al-Babili, S., T. T. C. Hoa and P. Schaub (2006), Exploring the potential of the bacterial carotene desaturase CrtI to increase the beta- carotene content in Golden Rice, Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 4, pp. 1007-1014,
Allen Lindsay H., De Benoist Bruno, Dary Omar, Hurrell Richard, WHO World Health Organization and FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (2006), Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients, pp. 376, World Health Organization WHO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FAO,, ISBN 92 4 159401: ISBN 92 4 159401, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43412/1/9241594012_eng.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/WHO- Guidelines-Food-Fortification-Micronutrients-2006.pdf
Ammann, K. (2005a), Effects of biotechnology on biodiversity: herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant GM crops, Trends in Biotechnology, 23, 8, pp. 388-394,
Ammann, K. (2005b), The Impact of Agricultural Biotechnology on Biodiversity: Myths and Facts, in: NABC-16, pp. 111-118, Cornell University, Cornell, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Cornell/Ammann-Impact-Agricultural-Biotechnology-2005.pdf
Ammann, K. (2007), How to deal with traditional knowledge in modern agriculture, A users guide for building bridges between organic farming and genetically engineered crops, Manuscript submitted in IP Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation-A Handbook of Best Practices, in press, ed. A. Krattiger, R. Mahoney, L. Nelsen, J. A. Thomson, A. Bennett, K. Satyanarayana, C. Fernandez, G. Graff and S. Kowalski, Vol., pp. 1-35 MIHR, PIPRA, Itaka, N.Y., www.mihr.org and www.pipra.org AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/TraditionalKnowledge/Traditional-latest.pdf
Ammann, K. (2008a), The Needs of Plant Biodiveristy.The General Case, Foreword in Genetic Glass Ceilings, Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity, ed. J. Gressel, Vol., pp. ix - xvi The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Feral-New/Ammann-Preface-Glass-Ceilings-2007.pdf IN http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/GetItemDetailsHandler?iN=9780801887192&qty=1&viewMode=3&loggedIN=false&J avaScript=y
Ammann, K. (2008b), Feature: Integrated farming: Why organic farmers should use transgenic crops, New Biotechnology, 25, 2, pp. 101 - 107, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Ammann-Integrated-Farming-Organic-2008.publ.pdf AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2008.08.012
Ammann, K. (2008c), Feature: Integrated farming: Why organic farmers should use transgenic crops, open source citations, New Biotechnology, 25, 2, pp. 101 - 107, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Ammann-Opinion-Integrated-Farming-20080825- names-links-edited.pdf
Ammann, K. (2008d), Transgenic Organic Agriculture - Back to the Future, Chapter 2.12 in Genetic Glass Ceilings, Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity, ed. J. Gressel, Vol., pp. 37-47 The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Feral-def/Ammann-Transg-Org-Agriculture-Ch-2-12-2008.pdf IN http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/GetItemDetailsHandler?iN=9780801887192&qty=1&viewMode=3&loggedIN=false&J avaScript=y
Ammann, K. (2009), Feature: Why farming with high tech methods should integrate elements of organic agriculture, New Biotechnology, 25, 6, pp. 378-388, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-4WKTX50-1/2/1698b7149ed724fd0a49b3ae49f234ab AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Organic/Ammann-High-Tech-and-Organic-2009.pdf
Ammann, K. and M. van Montagu (2009), Organotransgenesis arrives, New Biotechnology, 25, 6, pp. 377-377, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-4W7YY1F-1/2/28740dfca05cf12bb3b973b4f4568ccb AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/NewBiotech/Ammann-Montagu-Editorial-Oranotransgenesis-arrives-2009.pdf
Ammann, K. (2014), Genomic Misconception: a fresh look at the biosafety of transgenic and conventional crops. A plea for a process agnostic regulation, New Biotechnology, 31, 1, pp. 1-17, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678413000605 AND http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.04.008 AND open source: http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Ammann-Genomic- Misconception-printed-2014.pdf and with full text references for private use: http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic- Misconception-20130415-names-links.pdf AND German Abstract http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Ammann-German- Abstract-Highlights-20130415.pdf
32
Ammann Klaus (20120204), The GM crop risk-benefit debate: science and socio-economics in Springer Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, in print, ed. Section Editor Paul Christou, Vol., pp. 1-170 Springer New York, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/Ammann-Strategy-GMO-Debate-20120105-opensource.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20120620), Chapter 27: Advancing the cause in emerging economies in Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies, ed. Bennett David and Jennings Richard, Vol., pp. 27 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, http://www.ask- force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing-Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20121228), The GM crop risk-benefit debate: science and socio-economics, enhanced edition in In Springer Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, enhanced internet version from 28.12. 2013, ed. E. M. Paul Christou Volume Editor, Robert A. (Ed.), Vol. 2012, MMCLXXVIII, 12586 p. 5790 illus., 3613 illus. in color. In 18 volumes, not available separately., pp. 1-195p, Encyclopedia 12586p. Springer, http://www.springer.com/environment/sustainable+development/book/978-0-387-89469-0 AND free preview http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3/page/1 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustain-Journal- Print/Ammann-Strategy-GMO-Debate-enh-20131228-opensource.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20131025), GENOMIC MISCONCEPTION new support from the UK and Canada. Progress is made on the international regulatory scene with the help fo a new DEFRA report which calls for a paradigm change in regulation: Product oriented regulation., in: ASK-FORCE, pp. 4, Klaus Ammann, Neuchatel, Switzerland, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Genomics/Ammann-Progress-in- Genomic-Misconception-View-20131025.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20131118), Review: Biodiversity and Biotechnology. Chapter 3.11 of GM Debate: Summary ASK-FORCE AF-11 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, in: ASK-FORCE-11, AF-11, pp. 80, Ammann K., Neuchatel, http://www.ask-force.org/web/AF-11-Biodiversity/AF- 11-Biodiversity-Agriculture-20131118.pdf
Ammann Klaus (20140504), Systems Approach Second Generation for a pragmatic debate on the future of Agriculture. Rules for a successful Discourse and long term iterative Planning-Design beyond the present day ideological fights on breeding methods and agricultural strategies., in: ASK-FORCE 17, K. Ammann. AF-17, pp. 22, ASK-FORCE, Neuchâtel, http://www.ask-force.org/web/AF-17- Systems-Approach/Ammann-Systems-Approach-AF-17-20140504.pdf
Anagnostaras, S. G., M. G. Craske and M. S. Fanselow (1999), Anxiety: at the intersection of genes and experience, nature neuroscience, 2, 9, pp. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Ethics/Anagnostaras-Anxiety-Intersection-Genes-Experience-1999.pdf
Anderson, B. (1991), Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism edn. Verso, IS: 0860915468 AND 9780860915461. pp. 224, http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4mmoZFtCpuoC AND chapter 4 http://www.ask- force.org/web/Ethics/Anderson-Imagined-Communities-ch4-1991.pdf AND http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Imagined_Communities.html?id=4mmoZFtCpuoC AND review: http://worldview.carnegiecouncil.org/archive/worldview/1984/07/4183.html/_res/id=sa_File1/v27_i007_a010.pdf
Anderson, B. (2012), Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, Compact Disk, CD Rom edn. Tantor Media, Incorporated, IS: 1452636338 ASIN B00IFP3NNS. pp., http://www.amazon.de/IMAGINED-COMMUNITIES-REFLECTIONS- NATIONALISM-Anderson/dp/B00IFP3NNS/ref=sr_1_9?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1401777271&sr=1- 9&keywords=Benedict+Anderson+Imagined+Communities
Anderson, K. (2010), Economic impacts of policies affecting crop biotechnology and trade, New Biotechnology, 27, 5, pp. 558-564, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-5033Y3B-3/2/cd02c88fabaf50a135b922ab80128419 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Anderson-Kym-PAS-Economic-Impacts-20101130- publ.pdf
Anonymous (2008), Identification of Some Degradation Products of Golden Rice beta-carotene, Faseb Journal, 22, pp.
Apel, A. (2010), The costly benefits of opposing agricultural biotechnology, New Biotechnology, 27, 5, pp. 635-640, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-504JYNT-1/2/8a13cbba83c6a95c4d584e09eedd26ee AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Apel-Andrew-PAS-Costly-Benerfits-Opposing-20101130- publ.pdf
Arber, W. (2010), Genetic engineering compared to natural genetic variations in Transgenic Plants for Food Security in the Context of Development, ed. I. a. A. Potrykus, K., Vol. 27, pp. 517-521 Elsevier and Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-504JYNT-2/2/a7e6edd02959e1b3167158dd264f24a2 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Arber-Werner-PAS-Genetic-Engineering-Compared-20101130-publ.pdf AND link to Vatican Website http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/publications/scriptavaria/transgenic.html
Arjó, G., M. Portero, C. Piñol, J. Viñas, X. Matias-Guiu, T. Capell, A. Bartholomaeus, W. Parrott and P. Christou (2013), Plurality of opinion, scientific discourse and pseudoscience: an in depth analysis of the Séralini et al. study claiming that Roundup™ Ready corn or the herbicide Roundup™ cause cancer in rats, Transgenic Research, pp. 1-13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-013-9692-9 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Seralini/Arjo-Plurality-Opinion-Scientific-Discourse-Seralini-2013.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Facultyof1000/Arjo-Plurality-Opinion-Seralini-F1000-Ammann-20130311.pdf
Atkinson, H. J. and P. E. Unwin (2008), Europe needs to protect its transgenic crop research, Nature, 453, pp. 979, http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Fundamentalists/Atkinson-Urwin-destruction-Nature-20080619.pdf 33
Aykroyd, W. R. (1944), An Early Reference to Night-Blindness in India, and Its Relation to Diet Deficiency. , Current Science, 13, 06, pp. 149-150, http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_013_06_0149_0150_0.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Aykroyd-Early-Reference-Night-Blindness-India-1944.pdf
Baggott, E. (2006), A Wealth Deferred: The Politics and Science of Golden Rice, Harvard International Review, 28, 3, pp. 28, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Baggott-Wealth-Deferred-2006.pdf
Baldi, G., E. Martini, M. Catharina, S. Muslimatun, U. Fahmida, A. B. Jahari, Hardinsyah, R. Frega, P. Geniez, N. Grede, Minarto, M. W. Bloem and S. de Pee (2013), Cost of the Diet (CoD) tool: First results from Indonesia and applications for policy discussion on food and nutrition security, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 34, 2, pp. S35-S42,
Barbiere Cecile (20140613), France wins greater control over GMOs, but comes under fire from Greens, in: EurActiv.com, pp. 4, Brussels, http://www.euractiv.com/sections/agriculture-food/france-wins-greater-control-over-gmos-comes-under-fire-greens- 302796?utm_source=EurActiv+Newsletter&utm_campaign=ae12929027- newsletter_weekly_update&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_bab5f0ea4e-ae12929027-245437009 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Regulation/Barbiere-Cecile-Euractiv-France-greater-control-GMOs-20140613.pdf
Basu, S. K., M. Dutta, A. Goyal, P. K. Bhowmik, J. Kumar, S. Nandy, S. M. Scagliusi and R. Prasad (2010), Is genetically modified crop the answer for the next green revolution?, GM Crops, 1, 2, pp. 68-79, http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/gmcrops/article/11877/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustainability/Basu-GMO-Answer-Green-Revolution-2010.pdf
Beard, J. D., D. M. Umbach, J. A. Hoppin, M. Richards, M. C. R. Alavanja, A. Blair, D. P. Sandler and F. Kamel (2011), Suicide and Pesticide Use among Pesticide Applicators and Their Spouses in the Agricultural Health Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, 119, 11, pp. 1610-1615,
Begley, S., A. Underwood, R. Wolffe, S. Smalley and J. Interlandi (2007), The roots of fear, Newsweek, 24, pp. 24-28, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Ethics/Begley-Roots-of-Fear-Newsweek-20071224.pdf
Bendiek, J. and H.-J. Buhk (2010), Risk Assessment and Economic Applications - the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: GMO Approval and Import on a World-Wide Scale, Genetic Modification of Plants: Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry, pp. 631-648,
Benson Norm (20140503), Golden Rice, Golden Opportunity, Scientific Blogging, publ: Published on Science 2.0 (http://www.science20.com), http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Benson-Golden-Rice-Golden-Opportunity-20140503.pdf
Bettles, C. (2011), Scientist distances himself from activists, in: Farm online, pp. http://sl.farmonline.com.au/news/nationalrural/grains-andcropping/cereal/scientist-distances-himself-from- activists/2239218.aspx?storypage=0 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Field-Destruction/Bettles-Scientist-Distances-Schubert- 20110728.pdf
Beyer, P., S. Al-Babili, X. Ye, P. Lucca, P. Schaub, R. Welsch and I. Potrykus (2002), Golden Rice: introducing the beta-carotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic engineering to defeat vitamin A deficiency, in: The Journal of Nutrition 132: Symposium: Plant Breeding: A New Tool for Fighting Micronutrient Malnutrition, H. G. E. Bouis. 132, pp. Journal of Nutrition, Presented as part of the symposium “Plant Breeding: A New Tool for Fighting Micronutrient Malnutrition” given at the Experimental Biology 2001 meeting, Orlando, Florida, on April 1, 2001., http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Beyer-Golden-Rice-Introducing-B- Carotene-2002.pdf
Beyer, P. (2010), Golden rice in a mission, Journal of Biotechnology, 150, pp. S63-S64,
Beyer Peter (2014), Engineering Rice for High Beta Carotene, Vitamin E and Enhanced Fe and Zn Bioavailability, in: P. INVESTIGATOR: and A.-L.-U. F. Dr. Peter Beyer, Germany - DE. pp. http://www.grandchallenges.org/ImproveNutrition/Challenges/NutrientRichPlants/Pages/Rice.aspx?print=1#Milestones
Binimelis, R. (2008), Coexistence of plants and coexistence of farmers: Is an individual choice possible?, Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 21, 5, pp. 437-457,
Blawat Katrin (20130901), Schluss mit der Scheindebatte, Sueddeutsche Zeitung, pp. 4, http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/2.220/gruene-gentechnik-schluss-mit-der-scheindebatte-1.1758979 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Blawat-Schluss-Scheindebatte-SZ-20130901.pdf AND raw English: http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Blawat-Close-Pseudodebate-SD-raw-English-20130901.docx
Bloem, M. W. and S. de Pee (2004), Micronutrient malnutrition and poverty, Micronutrient Deficiencies during the Weaning Period and the First Years of Life, 54, pp. 105-118,
Bolufer, P. (2010), Golden rice, the best transgenic Produces Beta-carotene, which the human body converts into Vitamin A, Alimentaria, 415, pp. 56-59,
Bouillon Hardy (201405), EU: NGO-Förderung geht am Bürger vorbei. EU NGO Promotion not in the Interest of Citizens, translation Klaus Ammann, in: NOVO-Argumente, 117, pp. NOVO Argumente, Frankfurt, http://www.novo- argumente.com/magazin.php/novo_notizen/artikel/0001591 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Bouillon-EU-NGO- Foerderung-am-Buerger-vorbei-201405.pdf AND English translation Klaus Ammann http://www.ask-force.org/web/NGOs/Bouillon-EU- Promotion-not-interested-in-Citizens-en-20140530.pdf
Bouis, H. E., C. Hotz, B. McClafferty, J. V. Meenakshi and W. H. Pfeiffer (2011), Biofortification: A new tool to reduce micronutrient malnutrition, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 32, 1, pp. S31-S40,
Boxer, P. A., C. Burnett and N. Swanson (1995), SUICIDE AND OCCUPATION - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 37, 4, pp. 442-452,
Brundtland Gro Harlem and NGO Committee on Education (1987 and 2008), Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 - Development and International Co-operation: Environment, No. A/42/427, pp. 318 orig. and 223 print, Oslo, Norway, http://www.un-documents.net/ocf- acr.htm AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustainability/Brundtland-Report-Original-19870804.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/Brundtland-Our-Common-Future-1987-2008.pdf
Bryan C. and A. G. t. Ebers Georg (1930, 1974), Ancient Egypt Medicine: Papyrus Ebers, 1974 translated from the German version 1903 edn. Ares Publishers Inc.,U.S. (Dezember 1974) and Geoffrey Bles, IS: ISBN-10: 089005004X AND ISBN-13: 978-0890050040, Library Congress 74-77905. pp. 178, http://www.amazon.de/Ancient-Egypt-Medicine-Papyrus- Ebers/dp/089005004X%3FSubscriptionId%3DAKIAI2OUHUC2IPHVEYIQ%26tag%3Dxxsa- 21%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3D089005004X&ascsubtag=13998801451297, Print copy from Zentralantiquariat Leipzig AND full text from the internet http://oilib.uchicago.edu/books/bryan_the_papyrus_ebers_1930.pdf AND searchable pdf: http://www.ask-force.org/web/India/Bryan-CP-The-Papyrus-Ebers-searchable-1930.pdf AND Scanning Chapter Deseases of the Eyes: http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Bryan-Ebers-Papyrus-Disease-Eyes-1930.pdf
Bryce, J., R. E. Black, N. Walker, Z. A. Bhutta, J. E. Lawn and R. W. Steketee (2005), Can the world afford to save the lives of 6 million children each year?, Lancet, 365, 9478, pp. 2193-2200,
Campbell, A. A., A. Thorne-Lyman, K. Sun, S. de Pee, K. Kraemer, R. Moench-Pfanner, M. Sari, N. Akhter, M. W. Bloem and R. D. Semba (2008), Greater Household Expenditures on Fruits and Vegetables but Not Animal Source Foods Are Associated with Decreased Risk of Under-Five Child Mortality among Families in Rural Indonesia, Journal of Nutrition, 138, 11, pp. 2244-2249,
Campbell, A. A., A. Thorne-Lyman, K. Sun, S. de Pee, K. Kraemer, R. Moench-Pfanner, M. Sari, N. Akhter, M. W. Bloem and R. D. Semba (2009), Indonesian women of childbearing age are at greater risk of clinical vitamin A deficiency in families that spend more on rice and less on fruits/vegetables and animal-based foods, Nutrition Research, 29, 2, pp. 75-81,
Cantley, M. (1999), More views of Cartagena, Nature Biotechnology, 17, 8, pp. 733-733,
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000), Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety To The Convention On Biological Diversity, Text and Annexes edn. Copyright © 2000, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, IS: ISBN: 92-807-1924-6. pp. 30, http://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cartagena-protocol-en.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Cartagena-Protocol-2000.pdf
Cazzonelli, C. I. (2011), Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond, Functional Plant Biology, 38, 11, pp. 833-847,
Chae, B. J. and S. K. Lee (2002), Rancid rice bran affects growth performance and pork quality in finishing pigs, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 15, 1, pp. 94-101,
Chassy, B., J. Hlywka, G. Kleter, E. Kok, H. Kuiper, M. McGloughlin, I. Munro, R. Phipps and J. Reid (2004), Nutritional and safety assessments of foods and feeds nutritionally improved through biotechnology—prepared by a task force of the ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 3, pp. 35-104, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Food/Chassy-Nutritional-Safety-Assessment-Comprehensive-Reviews-2004.pdf
Chassy, B. and W. Parrott (2009), Is This Study Believable? Examples from Animal Studies with GM Foods. , in: In Agricultural Biotechnology, , pp. 9, University of California, Davis, Davis, California http://www.agribiotech.info/details AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Peer-Review/Chassy-Parrott-Believable-2009.doc
Chassy Bruce and Brookes Graham (201207), A critical assessment of the paper ‘GM Soy: Sustainable? Responsible?’ edn. Bruce Chassy, IS: pp., http://academicsreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/GB-critiqueofpaperGM-soy-sustainable-july4-2012-version- 2.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Chassy-Brookes-Critical-Assessment-Antoniou-Soybean-201207.pdf 35
Chassy Bruce and Miller Henry I. (20130717), You Can Put Lipstick On A Pig (Study), But It Still Stinks, in: FORBES, pp. 1-6, FORBES, New York, http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2013/07/17/you-can-put-lipstick-on-a-pig-study-but-it-still-stinks/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Chassy-Miller-Carman-FORBES-20130117.pdf
Chong, M. (2003), Acceptance of golden rice in the Philippine 'rice bowl', Nature Biotechnology, 21, 9, pp. 971-972,
Chowdhury, A. N., S. Banerjee, A. Brahma and M. G. Weiss (2007), Pesticide practices and suicide among farmers of the Sundarban region in India, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28, 2, pp. S381-S391,
Cinco Maricar and Barrameda Shiena M. (20130816), DA to sue ‘paid residents, not farmers’ over destroyed GMO crops, Inquirer Southern Luzon, pp. 1, http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/466525/da-to-sue-paid-residents-not-farmers-over-destroyed-gmo- crops#ixzz2cJG2Xddz AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Cinco-Inquirer-DA-Sue-Paid-Residents-20130816.pdf
Clarke, L. and J. Agyeman (2011), Shifting the Balance in Environmental Governance: Ethnicity, Environmental Citizenship and Discourses of Responsibility, Antipode, 43, 5, pp. 1773-1800,
Cottam M.P., D.W. Harvey, R.P. Pape and J. Tait (2000), Foresight and Precaution, 228 papers from the Proceedings of ESREL 2000, SARS and SRA-Europe annual conference,, 1 and 2, pp. vol. 1: 826 2 vol. 1690, Taylor & Francis; 1 edition (January 1, 2000), Balkema AA, Rotterdam, Brookfield, see 2 vol. CRC Press (January 1, 2000), ISBN-10: 9058091414 AND ISBN-13: 978-9058091413 AND 2 Vol. ISBN-10: 9058091406 AND ISBN-13: 978-9058091406: ISBN-10: 9058091414 AND ISBN-13: 978-9058091413 AND 2 Vol. ISBN-10: 9058091406 AND ISBN-13: 978-9058091406, http://www.amazon.com/Foresight-Precaution-Vol-M-P- Cottam/dp/9058091414/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402028127&sr=1-3&keywords=Cottam+Foresight+Precaution AND http://www.amazon.com/Foresight-Precaution-2v-M-P-Cottam/dp/9058091406/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402028127&sr=1- 2&keywords=Cottam+Foresight+Precaution
Crichton Michael (20120121), Environmentalism as Religion: Michael Crichton, publ: http://www.sullivan- county.com/immigration/e2.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Ethics/Crichton-Environmentalism-Religion-20120121.pdf
Cuttriss, A. J., C. I. Cazzonelli, E. T. Wurtzel and B. J. Pogson (2011), Carotenoids in Biosynthesis of Vitamins in Plants: Vitamins a, B1, B2, B3, B5, Pt A: Vitamins a, B1, B2, B3, B5, ed. F. Rebeille and R. Douce, Vol. 58, pp. 1-36,
Dalton, R. J. (2013), Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies edn. CQ Press (May 21, 2013), IS: ISBN-10: 1452203008 AND ISBN-13: 978-1452203003 AND Page Numbers Source ISBN: 1452203008. pp. 360, 3333 KB, http://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Politics-Political-Industrial- Democracies/dp/1452203008/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402113187&sr=1- 2&keywords=Dalton+Citizen+politics%3A+Public+opinion+and+political+parties+in+advanced+industrial+democracies AND Kindle edition http://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Politics-Political-Industrial-Democracies- ebook/dp/B00EEG5UMY/ref=tmm_kin_title_0?ie=UTF8&qid=1402113187&sr=1-2
Das, A. (2011), FARMERS' SUICIDE IN INDIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57, 1, pp. 21-29,
Das, R. J. (2002), The green revolution and poverty: a theoretical and empirical examination of the relation between technology and society, Geoforum, 33, 1, pp. 55-72,
Datta, S. K., K. Datta, V. Parkhi, M. Rai, N. Baisakh, G. Sahoo, S. Rehana, A. Bandyopadhyay, M. Alamgir, M. S. Ali, E. Abrigo, N. Oliva and L. Torrizo (2007), Golden rice: introgression, breeding, and field evaluation, Euphytica, 154, 3, pp. 271-278,
Dawe, D., R. Robertson and L. Unnevehr (2002), Golden rice: what role could it play in alleviation of vitamin A deficiency?, Food Policy, 27, 5-6, pp. 541-560,
De Greef, W. (2004), The Cartagena Protocol and the future of agbiotech, Nature Biotechnology, 22, 7, pp. 811-812,
De Pee, S., C. E. West, Muhilal, D. Karyadi and J. Hautvast (1995), Lack of Improvement in Vitamin-a Status with Increased Consumption of Dark-Green Leafy Vegetables, Lancet, 346, 8967, pp. 75-81,
Deichmann, T. (2006), Die Geister, die Campina rief, Wie es Gentechnikgegner immer wieder schaffen, ihre Kontrahenten mit haltlosen Kampagnen weich zu kochen. , NOVO Magazin, Archiv, 84, Sept. - Okt., pp. http://www.novo-magazin.de/84/novo8436.htm
DeLuca, K. M. (2009), Greenpeace International Media Analyst Reflects on Communicating Climate Change, Environmental Communication-a Journal of Nature and Culture, 3, 2, pp. 263-269,
Deuffic, P. and J. Candau (2006), Farming and landscape management: How French farmers are coping with the ecologization of their activities, Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 19, 6, pp. 563-585,
Devos, Y., J. Aguilera, Z. Diveki, A. Gomes, Y. Liu, C. Paoletti, P. du Jardin, L. Herman, J. N. Perry and E. Waigmann (2014), EFSA's scientific activities and achievements on the risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) during its first decade of existence: looking back and ahead, Transgenic Research, 23, 1, pp. 1-25,
Dianabuja and Creative Commons (20100621), ‘Recipes’ for Treating the Eyes: Papyrus Ebers, in: Dianabujas Blog, pp. Creative Commons,, Mountain View CA, USA,, https://web.archive.org/web/20110718092431/http://dianabuja.wordpress.com/2010/06/21/eyes-and-the-papyrus-ebers/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Dianabuja-Recipes-Treating-Eyes-Ebers-Papyrus-20100621.pdf
Dieleman, J. (2010), Papyrus Ebers and ancient healing art, Journal of Ancient near Eastern Religions, 10, 1, pp. 115-118,
Dirk, M. (20050405), Die Anti-Reis-Kampagne, Genmanipulierter Reis? Greenpeace warnt. Unser Autor warnt vor Greenpeace - Rezension einer Pressemitteilung, English by Klaus Ammann, DIE WELT, 5. April 2005, pp. http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article563509/Die- Anti-Reis-Kampagne.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Maxeiner-Anti-Reis-Kampagne-Greenpeace-20050405.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Maxeiner-Anti-Rice-Campaign-en-20140405.pdf
Dispenza Joe (2014), You Are the Placebo: Making Your Mind Matter edn. Hay House, Inc. (April 29, 2014), IS: ISBN-10: 1401944582 AND ISBN-13: 978-1401944582. pp. 392, http://www.amazon.com/You-Are-Placebo-Making- Matter/dp/1401944582/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402026561&sr=1-3&keywords=joe+dispenza
Doherty Peter (2011), Science Sustainability and Human Well-Being, 44 slides, in: publ: Peter Doherty, Melbourne, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/Doherty-Sustainability-Hunger-slides-2011.pptx
Dubock Adrian (2010), Golden Rice Licensing Arrangements, publ: Golden Rice Board,, http://www.goldenrice.org/Content1- Who/who4_IP.php AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Dubock-Golden-Rice-Licensing-Arrangements.pdf
Dubock Adrian (2013), Golden Rice: a long-running story at the watershed of the GM debate, in: pp. http://b4fa.org/, London, http://b4fa.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Viewpoints-Dubock.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Dubock-GR-long- running-story-2013.pdf
Ebers G. and Stern L.C. (1875), Papyros Ebers : das hermetische Buch über die Arzeneimittel der alten Ägypter in hieratischer Schrift / herausgegeben mit Inhaltsangabe und Einleitung versehen von Georg Ebers. Mit hieroglyphisch-lateinischem Glossar, von Ludwig Stern, Mit Unterstützung des Königlich Sächsischen Cultusministerium ... 1. Bd. Einleitung und Text, Tafel I-LXIX.--2. Bd. Glossar und Text, Tafel LXX-CX. Georg Ebers Vol. II has half-title: Glossarium hieroglyphicum, quo papyri medicinalis hieratici Lipsiae asservati et a clarissimo Ebers editi vocabula collegit, locos transcripsit, interpretationem brevem subiunxit Ludovicus Stern in, ed. Ebers G.Translator and Stern L.C. Glossar, Vol. 1 und 2, 2 v. : 111 pl. (incl. 6 facsim.) ; 42 x 37 cm, pp. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/search~S8?/i.b12962132/ib12962132/-3,-1,0,B/frameset&FF=ib12962132&1,1,?artstart6=Next+5
Ebers Georg (1880), Papyrus Ebers, die Maasse und das Kapitel über die Augenkrankheiten. Erster Theil, die Gewichte und Hohlmaasse des Papyrus Ebers 1-133, Zweiter Teil: Das Kapitel über die Augenkrankheiten im Papyrus Ebers I - LXIV 67-159 raw sccan with multiple mis-spellings. edn. LV, Bei Hirzel, IS: pp., http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ebers-Papyrus-Maasse- Augenkrankheiten-Hirzel-1889.docx AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ebers-Papyrus-Maasse-Augenkrankheiten-Hirzel- 1889.pdf
Eco, U. (1995), Ur-Fascism, The New York Review of Books, 42, 11, pp. 8, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1856 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Eco-Ur-Fascism-1995.pdf
Economic Times of India (20140613), Government asks Greenpeace to furnish foreign funding, Economic Times of India, pp. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-13/news/50564777_1_ib-report-foreign-contribution-ngos AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/India/Economic-Times-India-Government-Asks-Greenpeace-20140613.pdf
EFSA (20121011), European Court of Auditors recognises EFSA’s advanced independence policy, makes recommendations, publ: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/121011.htm AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Seralini/EFSA-Cour-Autitors-Recommendations-20121011.pdf
EFSA Independence (20121028), On the Indepencence of EFSA, Collection of 32 website links on the Independence of EFSA, publ: EFSA, Parma, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0FEVglpQcw&feature=player_embedded AND http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/independence.htm AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Seralini/EFSA-Independence- Statements-20121028.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/EFSA/EFSA-response-NGOs-EN-2012.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/EFSA/ILSI-EFSA-response-NGOs-EN-2012.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/EFSA/Scott-Thomas-EFSA-denies- conflict-interest-allegations-20131025.pdf
37
Eirdosh Dustin (20140610), Madagascar student prank shows March Against Monsanto has heartless agenda, in: Genetic Literacy Project, pp. 9, Arlington VA, USA, http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/06/10/madagascar-student-prank-shows-march-against- monsanto-has-heartless-agenda/#.U5wd7_mSySo AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Eirdosh-Madagaskar-Student-Prank- 20140525.pdf
Enserink, M. (2008), Tough lessons from golden rice, Science, 320, 5875, pp. 468-471,
Entine John (20131022), Michael Pollan as GMO ‘denialist’ dupes credulous New York Times, in: Genetic Literacy Project, pp. Genetic Literacy Project, Arlington VA, USA, http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/10/22/michael-pollan-brags-about-twisting-facts-to- support-anti-gmo-activism-and-duping-credulous-new-york-times/#.Umcc6flmiM6 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Entine-Michael-Pollan-GMO-denialist-20131022.pdf
Entine Jon (20121112), Greenpeace Hysteria Campaign Scares Chinese into Retreat on Nutrition-Enhancing GMO 'Golden Rice', in: FORBES, pp. 13, FORBES, Washington DC, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/12/11/greenpeace-hysteria-campaign- scares-chinese-into-retreat-on-nutrition-enhancing-gmo-golden-rice/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Entine- Greenpeace-Hysteria-Campaign-Forbes-20121112.pdf
EPEC-SANCO (2011), Evaluation of the EU legislative framework in the field of cultivation of GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, and the placing on the market of GMOs as or in products under Directive 2001/18/EC Final Report, in: pp. 137, European Commission DG Sanco, http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biotechnology/evaluation/docs/gmo_cultivation_report_en.pdf
EU-Presidency-Council (20140528), Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2001/18/EC as regards the possibility for the Member States to restrict or prohibit the cultivation of GMOs in their territory, in: Interinstitutional File: 2010/0208 (COD), P. Council. pp. 18, European Commission, Brussels, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Regulation/EU-Presidency-Council-Compromise-20140528.pdf
European Commission (2010), A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001 - 2010) edn. IS: ISBN 978-92-79-16344-9. pp., http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf
Evans, J. A. (2010), Industry collaboration, scientific sharing, and the dissemination of knowledge, Social Studies of Science, 40, 5, pp. 757-791,
Fanselow, M. S. (2013), Fear and Anxiety Take a Double Hit From Vagal Nerve Stimulation, Biological Psychiatry, 73, 11, pp. 1043-1044,
FAO (2009), The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Economic crises – impacts and lessons learned edn. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, IS: 978-92-5-106288-3. pp., ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/012/i0876e/i0876e.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/FAO/FAO-State-Food-Insecurity-World-2009.pdf
FAO, Olivier Jan, Clement Tostivint, Anne Turbé, Clémentine O’Connor, Perrine Lavelle, Alessandro Flammini, Nadia El-Hage Scialabba, Jippe Hoogeveen, Mathilde Iweins, Francesco Tubiello, Livia Peiser and Caterina Batello (2013), Food Wastage Footprint, Summary Report edn. IS: ISBN 978-92-5-107752-8. pp. 63, http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3347e/i3347e.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/FAO/FAO-Food-Wastage-Foodprint-Summary-2013.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/FAO/Fao-Food-Waste-Slides- 2013.pptm
Farmer-Scientist-Network EU (2012), Briefing Paper: EU GMO Policies, Sustainable Farming and Public Research, No. pp. http://greenbiotech.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Farmers-scientists-briefing-paper-EU-GMO-policies-2012.pdf
Farre, G., K. Ramessar, R. M. Twyman, T. Capell and P. Christou (2010), The humanitarian impact of plant biotechnology: recent breakthroughs vs bottlenecks for adoption, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13, 2, pp. 219-225,
Fedoroff Nina, Robert S. Zeigler, Torbjörn Fagerstroem, Sten Stymne, Stefan Jansson and Jens Sundström (20131023), Scientists challenge Swedish government over funding of Golden Rice trial vandalism, publ: Marc Lynas, ftp://server-p010.hostpoint.ch/www/ask- force.org/web/Weeds/Fedoroff-Scientists-challenge-Swedish-government-funding-GR-vandalism-20131022.pdf AND See more at: http://www.marklynas.org/2013/10/scientists-challenge-swedish-government-over-funding-of-golden-rice-trial- vandalism/#sthash.E7IgUO87.dpuf AND http://www.marklynas.org/2013/10/sida-responds-scientists-push-for-answers-over-funding-of- golden-rice-vandalism/
Fendt, M. and M. S. Fanselow (1999), The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, 5, pp. 743-760,
Fischer-Elfert Hans-Werner (2005), Papyrus Ebers und die antike Heilkunde: Akten der Tagung vom 15.-16.3.2002 in der Albertina der Universität Leipzig (Philippika: Marburger Altertumskundliche Abhandlungen), Leipzig Deutschland, Papyrus Ebers und die antike Heilkunde: Akten der Tagung vom 15.-16.3.200, ed. pp. 147, http://www.amazon.de/Papyrus-Ebers-antike-Heilkunde- Altertumskundliche/dp/3447052090/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1401555653&sr=1-1&keywords=Fischer-Elfert+Papyrus+Ebers
38
FNRI (2008), Vitamin A Nutriture, 7th National Survey: 2008, Biochemical Survey Component, in: publ: FNRI, Overview: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/images/stories/7thNNS/overview/overview.pdf AND Anthropomentrics: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/images/stories/7thNNS/anthrop/anthrop_preschool_adoles.pdf AND Biochemistry: http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/images/stories/7thNNS/biochemical/biochemical_vad.pdf
FNRI (2011), Philippine Nutrition Facts & figures edn. FNRI, FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Department of Science and Technology, IS: ISSN 1655-2911. pp. 347, http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/images/stories/8thNNS/fnri_facts%26figures2011.pdf AND http:>//www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/FNRI-Philippine-Nutrition-Facts-Figures-2011.pdf
Folta, K. M. (2014), GMO Technology is Simply Precision Breeding, publ: www.scribt.com, 21. 5. 2014: 21. 5. 2014, http://www.scribd.com/doc/224613622/GMO-Technology-is-Simply-Precision-Breeding AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Genomics/Folta-GMO-Technology-is-Simply-Precision-Breeding-2014.pdf
Fowler, C. and P. Mooney, R., (1990), US: Shattering : food, politics, and the loss of genetic diversity GB: The threatened gene: Food, politics and the loss of genetic diversity edn. US: The University of Arizona Press GB: Lutterworth Press P.O. Box 60 Cambridge CB12NT Printed Billing & Sons Ltd, Worcester, IS: ISBN 0 7188 2830 5. . pp. xvi, 278 p, http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0816511810/sr=1- 1/qid=1320748094/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1320748094&sr=1-1&seller= AND from the etc Group: http://www.ask- force.org/web/Biotech-Biodiv/Fowler-Mooney-The-threatened-Gene-1990.pdf
Franke, A. C., M. L. H. Breuckers, W. Broer, F. Bunte, O. Dolstra, F. M. d'Engelbronner-Kolfff, L. A. P. Lotz, J. van Montfort, J. Nikloljuk, M. M. Rutten, M. J. M. Smulders, C. C. M. van de Viel and M. van Zijl (2011), Sustainability of current crop cultivation, review of people, planet, profit effects of agricultural production of GM crops, based on the cases of soybean, maize, and cotton. edn. Report 386, Plant Research International, part of Wageningen UR, IS: pp. 166, http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en- publicaties/rapporten/2011/05/12/sustainability-of-current-genetically-modified-crop-cultivation.html AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/Franke-Sustainability-Current-GM-crops-2011.pdf
FSANZ (201109), FSANZ Response to Studies Cited as Evidence of Adverse Effects from GM Foods, Table, publ: FSANZ Food Safety Agency New Zealand, 20130427: 20130427, http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/gmfoods/gmtableofstudies.cfm AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/FSANZ-Response-Studies-Cited-Evidence-Table-201109.pdf
G.D., S. (2014), Farmers Suicides, Issues in Science and Technology, 30, 3, pp. 1, http://issues.org/30-3/forum-spring-2014/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/India/Stone-Kloor-Farmers-Suicides-Issues-2014.pdf
Gardner, D. (2008, 2009), The Science of Fear. Why we fear the things we shouldn't - and put ourselves in greater Danger. Paperback 2009 Science of Fear: How the Culture of Fear Manipulates Your Brain edn. Dutton, Penguin Group USA, inc., IS: 798-0-525-95062-2. pp. 341, http://www.amazon.com/Science-Fear-Shouldnt---Ourselves- Greater/dp/B001U0OGAY/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1319887666&sr=1-2 AND http://www.amazon.com/Science-Fear-Culture- Manipulates-Brain/dp/B0030EG0OS/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1319887666&sr=1-1
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1989), ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN-BRAIN, Science, 245, 4921, pp. 947-952,
George, P. R., C. N. Dinesh, S. Simon and P. P. Balakrishnan (2009), Socio Economic Profile of Rural Women and the Role of Animal Husbandry Intervention in a Suicide Affected District of Kerala, Journal of Human Ecology, 27, 1, pp. 41-44,
Gibson R.S. (2011), Strategies for Preventing Multi-micronutrient Deficiencies, a Review of Experiences with Food-based Approaches in Developing Countries in Combating micronutrient deficiencies: food-based approaches, ed. B. Thompson and L. Amoroso, Vol., pp. 7-27 CABI; First edition (January 2011), http://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/2270 AND http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9781845937140
Giddings, V., I. Potrykus, Ammann K. and N. Fedoroff (2012), Confronting the Gordian knot, Opinion, Nature Biotechnology, 30, 3, pp. 208-209, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Giddings-Confronting-Gordian-Knot-2012.pdf
Glover, D., J. Keeley, P. Newell and R. McGee (2003), Public Participation and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, A review for DfID and UNEP-GEF, DfID, UNEP-GEF, No. pp. 9, http://new.unep.org/biosafety/Documents/PublicParticipationIDS.pdf
GM-Watch (2009), Golden Rice "could save a million kids a year", in: GM-Watch, pp. 8, Anonymous,, London, http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php/golden-rice-could-save-a-million-kids-a-year AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/GM- Watch-Golden-Rice-million-kids-2009.pdf
GM-Watch (200903), Golden Rice: A dangerous experiment, GM Watch, publ: GM Watch, http://www.gmfreecymru.org/pivotal_papers/dangerous.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/GM-Watch-Golden-Rice- a-dangerous-experiment-200903.pdf
Golden Rice Project (2013), Homepage Golden Rice Project 2013, Biofortified rice as a contribution to the alleviation of life-threatening micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. „Golden Rice Media Kits" enthält wissenschaftlich gesicherte Information zu allen angesprochenen Themen mit Ausnahme „Séralini“. , publ: www.goldenrice.org
39
Gottlieb Roger S. (2006), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Ecology (Oxford Handbooks) edn. Oxford Univ Pr (31. Januar 2007) IS: ISBN-10: 0195178726 ISBN-13: 978-0195178722. pp. 662, http://www.amazon.de/Oxford-Handbook-Religion-Ecology- Handbooks/dp/0195178726/ref=sr_1_cc_1?s=aps&ie=UTF8&qid=1328348989&sr=1-1-catcorr
Gottweis Herbert (2006), Rhetoric in Policy Making: Between Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, Chapter 17 in Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods (Public Administration and Public Policy), ed. G. J. M. E. Frank Fischer (Editor), Mara S. Sidney (Editor),, Vol., pp. 672 CRC Press; 1 edition (December 21, 2006) http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Gottweis-Rethoric-Handbook-2006.pdf AND http://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Public-Policy-Analysis-Administration/dp/1574445618 AND with notes of Klaus Ammann http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Gottweis-Handbook-NotesKA.pdf
Greene, J. and J. Haidt (2002), How (and where) does moral judgment work?, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 12, pp. 517-523, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02011-9 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Ethics/Greene-How-where-moral-judgement- works-2002.pdf
Greene Joshua (2013), Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them edn. Penguin Press HC, The, IS: ISBN-10: 1594202605, ISBN-13: 978-1594202605. pp. 437, http://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1594202605/ref=oh_details_o00_s00_i00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Greenpeace (2007), Greenpeace Report Bayer Crop Science contaminates our rice, short messages: Costs of Bayer GE rice scandal could exceed 1.2 billion USD. Greenpeace activists in India take action with Farmers' Union to say no to GE Rice., publ: Greenpeace International, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2007/10/bayer-cropscience- contaminates.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-Report-Bayer-CropScience-contaminates-our-rice- 20071008.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/bayer-rice-scandal071106/ AND http://www.www/ask- force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-Costs-Bayer-GE-rice-scandal-India-20071106.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-Bayer-CropScience-contaminates-our-rice-20071008.pdf
Greenpeace Fraud (20140615), Greenpeace worker loses 3.8 mn euros in bad currency bet, New Straits Times Online and Der Spiegel, pp. http://www.nst.com.my/node/3037 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-Zockt-3-8mio-Euro-20140615.pdf AND DER SPIEGEL Source http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/greenpeace-mitarbeiter-verzockt-spender-millionen-a-975215- druck.html AND DPA http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-Looses-Big-Money-DPA-20140615.pdf
Greenpeace International (2010), Annual Report 2010 Worldwide, Greenpeace International, No. pp. 32, Amsterdam, Netherlands, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2011/GPI_Annual_Report_2010.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-International-Annual-Report-2010.pdf
Greenpeace International (2012), Annual Report 2012 Worldwide, Greenpeace International, No. pp. 56, Amsterdam, Netherlands, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2013/GPI-AnnualReport2012.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Greenpeace-International-Annual-Report-2012.pdf
Greiner T., FAO and WHO (2013), Vitamin A: Moving The Food-Based Approach Forward, No. pp. 69, http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/agn/pdf/Greiner_VITAMIN_A_Final.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Greiner-VITAMIN-A-Moving-Food-Based-2013.pdf
Gressel, J. and B. E. Valverde (2009), A strategy to provide long-term control of weedy rice while mitigating herbicide resistance transgene flow, and its potential use for other crops with related weeds, Pest Management Science, 65, 7, pp. 723-731,
Gruere, G., P. Methta-Bhatt and D. Sengupta (2008), Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India, Reviewing the Evidence, IFPRI-Discussion Paper 00808, pp. http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00808.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Cotton/Gruere-Cottron-Suicides-IFPRI-2008.pdf
Gruere, G. and D. Sengupta (2011), Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides in India: An Evidence-based Assessment, Journal of Development Studies, 47, 2, pp. 316-337,
Guehlstorf, N. P. (2008), Understanding the Scope of Farmer Perceptions of Risk: Considering Farmer Opinions on the Use of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops as a Stakeholder Voice in Policy, Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 21, 6, pp. 541-558,
Gustavsson, J., C. Cederberg, U. Sonesson, R. Van Otterdijk and A. Meybeck (2011), Global food losses and food waste, extent, causes and prevention, SAVE FOOD congress edn. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome and Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology SIK, IS: pp. 38, https://agriskmanagementforum.org/sites/agriskmanagementforum.org/files/Documents/Global%20Food%20Losses%20and%20Food%2 0Waste.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Food/Gustavsson-Global-Food-Losses-Waste-FAO-2011.pdf
Haene Stefan (20140616), Schweizer Greenpeace-Spender wollen wissen, wo ihr Geld is, english: Swiss Greenpeace donors want to know where their money is, Berner Zeitung, 16. Juni 2014, pp. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Haene-Schweizer-Spender- wollen-wissen-20140616.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Haene-Swiss-Greenpeace-Donors-want-know- 20140616.pdf
40
Hagen, P. E. and J. B. Weiner (2001), The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: New Rules for International Trade in Living Modified Organisms, Georgetown international Environmental Law Review, 12, pp. 697ff, 23 ppp, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Regulation/Hagen-Cartagena-Protocol-Biosafety-1999.pdf AND http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/gintenlr12&div=31&id=&page=
Harmon Amy (20130824), Golden Rice: Lifesaver? A News Analysis, New York Times, Sunday Review, pp. 4, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/25/sunday-review/golden-rice-lifesaver.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Harmon-Amy-Golden-Rice-Lifesafer-NYT-20130824.pdf
Harris, S. (2010), Moral Landscape edn. Bantam (April 2011) IS: ISBN-10: 0593064860 ISBN-13: 978-0593064863 pp. 304, http://www.amazon.com/Moral-Landscape-Sam-Harris/dp/0593064860/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1328121293&sr=1-1
Harvey, R. (2009), The Truth About Sierra Club, in: January 10, 2010, pp. The WATCH, http://www.telluridewatch.com/pages/full_story/push?article-The+Truth+About+Sierra+Club%20&id=5590418 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Fundamentalists/Harvey-Truth-Sierra-Club-20100118.PDF
Haskell, M. J., P. Pandey, J. M. Graham, J. M. Peerson, R. K. Shrestha and K. H. Brown (2005), Recovery from impaired dark adaptation in nightblind pregnant Nepali women who receive small daily doses of vitamin A as amaranth leaves, carrots, goat liver, vitamin A-fortified rice, or retinyl palmitate, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81, 2, pp. 461-471,
Hayes A. Wallace (20131128), Elsevier Announces Article Retraction from Journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology, pp. http://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/elsevier-announces-article-retraction- from-journal-food-and-chemical-toxicology And http://www.ask-force.org/web/Seralini/Hayes-Seralini-Article-Retraction-from-FCT- 20131128.pdf
Heald, P. J. and S. Chapman (2011), Veggie Tales: Pernicious Myths About Patents, Innovation, and Crop Diversity in the Twentieth Century full paper, SSRN eLibrary, pp. 64, http://ssrn.com/paper=1928920 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/IP/Heald-Veggie-Tales- Pernicious-Myths-2011.pdf
Heinemann, J. A., M. Massaro, D. S. Coray, S. Z. Agapito-Tenfen and J. D. Wen (2013), Sustainability and innovation in staple crop production in the US Midwest, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, pp. 1-18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2013.806408 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustainability/Heinemann-Sustainability- Innovation-20130620.pdf
Herring, R. J. (2008), Opposition to transgenic technologies: ideology, interests and collective action frames, Nat Rev Genet, 9, 6, pp. 458-463, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2338 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Herring-Opposition-Review-2008.pdf
Hess, A. F. and D. B. Kirby (1933), The incidence of xerophthalmia and night-blindness in the United States—a gauge of vitamin A deficiency, American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 23, 9, pp. 935-938, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Hess-Incidence-Xerophthalima-Night-Blindness-1933.pdf
Hessler, K. (2011), Agricultural Biotechnology and Environmental Justice: Golden Rice as a Case Study, Environmental Ethics, 33, 3, pp. 267-282,
Horlings, L. G. and T. K. Marsden (2011), Towards the real green revolution? Exploring the conceptual dimensions of a new ecological modernisation of agriculture that could ‘feed the world’, Global Environmental Change, 21, 2, pp. 441-452, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378011000057
Hvistendahl, M. and M. Enserink (2012), GM RESEARCH Charges Fly, Confusion Reigns Over Golden Rice Study in Chinese Children, Science, 337, 6100, pp. 1281-1281,
Imdad, A., M. Y. Yakoob, C. Sudfeld, B. A. Haider, R. E. Black and Z. A. Bhutta (2011), Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality, Bmc Public Health, 11, Supplement 3 Art. No. S20, pp.
Institute of Biology (1999), Genetically modified crops: the social and ethical issues, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 6, 2, pp. 79-88,
Iyer, A. A. (2009), Corporate Social Responsibility and Farmer Suicides: A Case for Benign Paternalism?, Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 4, pp. 429-443,
Jackson, M. T. (1997), Conservation of rice genetic resources: the role of the International Rice Genebank at IRRI, Plant Molecular Biology, 35, 1-2, pp. 61-67,
41
Jahankhani Hamid, Christos K. Georgiadis, Elias Pimenidis, Rabih Bashroush and Ameer Al-Nemrat (2012), Global Security, Safety, and Sustainability:, pp. 304, Springer; Auflage: 2012 (12. September 2012, ISBN-10: 3642334474 AND ISBN-13: 978-3642334474: ISBN-10: 3642334474 AND ISBN-13: 978-3642334474, http://www.amazon.de/Global-Security-Safety-Sustainability-- Democracy/dp/3642334474/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1384626038&sr=8- 1&keywords=JAHANKHANI+Global+Security%2C+Safety%2C+and+SustainabilitY
Jansson Stefan, Catherine Bellini, Christiane Funk, Per Gardeström, Markus Grebe, H. Vaughan, Pär Ingvarsson, Edouard Pesquet, Göran Samuelsson, Wolfgang Schröder, Åsa Strand, Hannele Tuominen, Johan Trygg, Xiao-Ru Wang, Inger Andersson, Rishikesh Bhalerao, Peter Bozhkov, Christina Dixelius, Åsa Lankinen, Karin Ljung, Ewa Mellerowicz, Ove Nilsson, Jan Stenlid, Sten Stymne, Björn Sundberg, Eva Sundberg, Sara von Arnold, Gunnar Wingsle, Urban Johanson, Henrik Jönsson, Per Kjellbom, Christer Larsson, Carl Troein, Adrian Clarke, Magnus Holm, Bengt Oxelman, Cornelia Spetea Wiklund, Annelie Carlsbecker, Stenbjörn Styring, Harry Brumer and E. Glaser (20111006), Quasi-science prevents an environmentally friendly agriculture and forestry, in: Petition, pp. 2, Umea University, http://www.plantsci.org.uk/sites/default/files/Debate%20article.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Jansson- Swedish-Scientists-Petition-2011.pdf AND British Support: http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/changeeugmlegislation/
Jany Klaus (2013), Critical remarks on the long-term feeding study by Séralini et al. (2012). Does the study provide proof of health threats posed by genetically modified foods?, EFFL - European Food and Feed Law Review, 3, pp. 176-187, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Seralini/Jany-Critical-Remarks-Seralini-Study-EFFL-201303.pdf
Joachim Heinrich (1890), Papyros Ebers, exact Replica edn. Reimer, Book Renaissance, www.ren-books.com, IS: pp. 12, http://f.letmeprint.ru/91448405-a58afe8e/fragment_1028374.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Joachim-Papyrus- Ebers-1890.pdf
Karembu Margaret (20140603), The Problems with Arguements Against GM Crops. New evidence shows that arguments against GM crops are unfounded,, SciDevNet, publ: ISAAA, http://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/gm/opinion/the-problems-with-the- arguments-against-gm-crops.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Karembu-Problems-with-Arguments-against-GM- Crops-20140603.pdf
Kirilenko, A., S. Stepchenkova, R. Romsdahl and K. Mattis (2012), Computer-assisted analysis of public discourse: a case study of the precautionary principle in the US and UK press, Quality & Quantity, 46, 2, pp. 501-522,
Kloor, K. (2014), The GMO-Suicide Myth, Issues in Science and Technology, 30, 2, pp. 65-70,
Krasne, F. B., M. S. Fanselow and M. Zelikowsky (2011), Design of a neurally plausible model of fear learning, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, pp.
Krawinkel, M. B. (2007), What we know and don't know about Golden Rice, Nature Biotechnology, 25, 6, pp. 623-623,
Krüger Lorenz, L. J. D., Michael Heidelberger, Gerd Gigerenzer, Mary S. Morgan, (1990), Vol.1 The Probabilistic Revolution: Ideas in History, Vol. 2: The Probabilistic Revolution: Ideas in the Sciences, 1+2, pp. 948, The MIT Press (March 14, 1990), Cambridge Massachusetts, USA London UK, ISBN-10: 0262610612 AND ISBN-13: 978-0262610612: ISBN-10: 0262610612 AND ISBN-13: 978-0262610612, http://www.amazon.com/Probabilistic-Revolution-Bradford-Books- Volumes/dp/0262610612/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1400510073&sr=8-3&keywords=Kr%C3%BCger+Probabilistic+Revolution
Kuntz, M. (2011), Academic and governmental research on GMOs has been the target of numerous acts of vandalism in Europe, in: OGM, environnement, santé et politique, pp. Prof. Marcel Kuntz, Grenoble, http://www.marcel-kuntz-ogm.fr/article-news- 55055856.html, news in English, French and Spanish AND http://ddata.over-blog.com/xxxyyy/1/39/38/37/public-research-vandalized.pdf AND http://www.marcel-kuntz-ogm.fr/article-news-55055856.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Field-Destruction/Kuntz-Public- Government-Research-Vandalism-Europe-2011.pdf
Kuntz Marcel (201001), Parallel “science” to serve political agendas*, Updated and translated from an article published by the Association Française pour l’Information Scientifique, http://www.pseudo-sciences.org/spip.php?article1404, Sciences et Pseudosciences SPS, 290, pp. 5, http://ddata.over-blog.com/xxxyyy/1/39/38/37/parallel_science-Kuntz.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Kuntz- Parallel-Science-201001.pdf
Lammerts van Bueren, E. T., P. C. Struik and E. Jacobsen (2002), Ecological concepts in organic farming and their consequences for an organic crop ideotype, Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 50, 1, pp. 1-26,
Laurence, K. M., N. James, M. H. Miller, G. B. Tennant and H. Campbell (1981), Double-blind randomised controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural-tube defects, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 282, 6275, pp. 1509-1511, http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/282/6275/1509 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Laurence-Double-Blind- Ranomised-Folate-1981.pdf
42
Law Stephen (2011), Believing Bullshit: How Not to Get Sucked into an Intellectual Black Hole, in: pp. 271, Prometheus Books (April 26, 2011) Amherst, New York, ISBN-10: 1616144114 ISBN-13: 978-1616144111 http://www.amazon.com/Believing-Bullshit-Sucked- Intellectual-Black/dp/1616144114/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1371977668&sr=1-1&keywords=Stephen+Law+Believing+bullshit
LeDoux, J. E. (1998), The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life edn. Simon & Schuster (March 27, 1998), IS: ISBN-10: 0684836599 AND ISBN-13: 978-0684836591. pp. 384, http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0684836599/ref=ox_sc_act_title_1?ie=UTF8&psc=1&smid=ATVPDKIKX0DER
Lentini, Z. and A. M. Espinoza (2005), Coexistence of weedy rice and rice in tropical America - Gene flow and genetic diversity, Crop Ferality and Volunteerism, pp. 305-322,
Levitt Tom (20111212), Can GM-free biofortified crops succeed after Golden Rice controversy?, The Ecologist, December 2011, pp. 3, http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1159571/can_gmfree_biofortified_crops_succeed_after_golden_rice_controversy.htm l AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Levitt-GM-Free-Biofortified-Crops-2011.pdf
Liu, T. P. and J. W. Waterbor (1994), COMPARISON OF SUICIDE RATES AMONG INDUSTRIAL GROUPS, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 25, 2, pp. 197-203,
Livermore, M. (2012), The Impact of Activists on Pest Management and Crop Science Outlooks on Pest Management, 23, 2, pp. 62-65, http://www.researchinformation.co.uk/pest/contents/TOC-2302.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Livermore- Impact-Activists-2012.pdf
Lofstedt, R., F. Bouder, J. Wardman and S. Chakraborty (2011), The changing nature of communication and regulation of risk in Europe, Journal of Risk Research, 14, 4, pp. 409-429, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Lofstedt-Changing-Communication-Regulation- 2011.pdf
Lofstedt, R. E., B. Fischhoff and I. R. Fischhoff (2002), Precautionary principles: General definitions and specific applications to genetically modified organisms, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21, 3, pp. 381-407,
Lusk, J. L. (2003), Effects of Cheap Talk on Consumer Willingness-to-Pay for Golden Rice, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85, 4 %R doi:10.1111/1467-8276.00492, pp. 840-856, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8276.00492 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Rice/Lusk-Cheaptalk-2003.pdf
Lynas Marc (20130429), Time to call out the anti-GMO conspiracy theory, in: http://www.marklynas.org/, pp. 7 pages and 457 comments, a total of 165 pages, Marc Lynas, Oxford, UK, http://www.marklynas.org/2013/04/time-to-call-out-the-anti-gmo- conspiracy-theory/A AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Lynas-Time-Call-Out-Anti-GMO-Conspiracy-Theory- 20130429.pdf
Lynas Mark (20130826), The True Story About Who Destroyed a Genetically Modified Rice Crop, in: Slate, pp. 6, Washington Post, Washington DC, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/08/26/golden_rice_attack_in_philippines_anti_gmo_activists_lie_about_protest_and.ht ml AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Lynas-Golden-Rice-attack-Anti-GMO-activists-lie-20130826.pdf
Malinowski, E. E. (2001), The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Effective Regulations or Merely an Empty Gesture?, Biotechnology Law Report, 20, 1, pp. 10-15, http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/073003101300052799 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Regulation/Malinowski-Cartagena-Protocol-2001.pdf
Maroya, N. G., I. K. Asante and A. Dixon (2007), HARVEST PLUS PAPERS Genotype by environment interac-tion effect on beta-carotene of yellow root cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes in, Environment, 2006, pp. 12, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Maroya-Genotype-Environment-Cassava-2010.pdf
Matten, S. R., R. J. Frederick, A. H. Reynolds, C. A. Wozniak and A. McHughen (2012), United States Environmental Protection Agency Insect Resistance Management Programs for Plant-Incorporated Protectants and Use of Simulation Modeling Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada in, ed., Vol., pp. 175-267 Springer Netherlands, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2156-2_11 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Matten-Frederick-Reynolds-EPA-IRM- Ch-11-2012.pdf
Maturana H.R. and F.J. Varela (1980), Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science) edn. Springer; Auflage: 1980 (30. April 1980), IS: ISBN-10: 9027710155 AND ISBN-13: 978-9027710154. pp. 180, http://www.amazon.de/Autopoiesis-Cognition-Realization-Studies- Philosophy/dp/9027710155/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&qid=1400518005&sr=8-15&keywords=Maturana+Varela
Maumenee, A. (1993), The history of vitamin a and its ophthalmic implications: A personal viewpoint, Archives of Ophthalmology, 111, 4, pp. 547-550, http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1993.01090040139048 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Maumenee-History-V-A-implications-1993.pdf
43
Mayer, J. E. (2005), The Golden Rice controversy: Useless science or unfounded criticism?, Bioscience, 55, 9, pp. 726-727,
Mayer, J. E. (2007), Delivering Golden Rice to developing countries, Journal of Aoac International, 90, pp. 1445-1449,
Mayer, J. E. and I. Potrykus (2012), 'Golden Rice' and Biofortification - Their Potential to Save Lives Is Being Hampered by Overzealous Regulation in I International Symposium on Genetic Modifications - Challenges and Opportunities for Horticulture in the World, ed. A. K. HvoslefEide, Vol. 941, pp. 21-33,
Mayo-Wilson, E., A. Imdad, K. Herzer, M. Y. Yakoob and Z. A. Bhutta (2011), Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 343, pp. http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d5094.abstract AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Mayo-Wilson-Vitamin-A- Supplements-2011.pdf
Mayr Ernst (1989), Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist edn. Harvard University Press; Reprint edition (October 9, 1989), IS: ISBN-10: 0674896661 AND ISBN-13: 978-0674896666. pp. 575, http://www.amazon.com/Toward-New- Philosophy-Biology-Observations/dp/0674896661/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1400515251&sr=8- 1&keywords=Mayr+Ernst+Toward+a+new+philosophy
McHugen, A. (2006), Agriculture: Problems with the Cartagena Protocol, Asia-Pacific Biotech News, 10, 12, pp. 684-687, http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219030306000942 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/McHughen- Problems-Cartagana-Protocol-2006.pdf
McHughen Alan (2013), Who is afraid of big bad GMO?, C2C Journal, 7, 1, pp. 14-19, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/McHughen-C2CJournal-Winter-2013.pdf
McHughen Alan (20130306), The junk science clowns behind the GMO scare, Troy Media, publ: http://www.troymedia.com Canada, http://www.troymedia.com/2013/03/06/the-junk-science-clowns-behind-the-gmo-scare/ AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/McHughen-Junk-Science-Clowns-20130306.pdf
Meldolesi, A. (2012), Destruction of transgenic olive field trial dubbed 'vandalism', Nat Biotech, 30, 8, pp. 736-736, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0812-736 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Meldolesi-Destruction-Transgenic-Olive- Field-Italy-2012.pdf
Merritt Anna C., Daniel A. Effron and Benoît Monin (2010), Moral Self-Licensing: When Being Good Frees Us to Be Bad, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 5, pp. 344-357, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00263.x AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Merritt-Moral-Self-Licensing-2010.pdf
Miglani Sanjeev (20140612), India spy agency says Greenpeace endangers economic security, in: R. E. UK. pp. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/12/us-india-projects-idUKKBN0EN1CT20140612 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/India/Miglani-India-Spy-Agency-Greenpeace-20140612.pdf
Miller, B. and J. Sinclair (2012), Risk Perceptions in a Resource Community and Communication Implications: Emotion, Stigma, and Identity, Risk Analysis, 32, 3, pp. 483-495,
Miller, H. (2008), Auf Wiedersehen, Academic Freedom, WALL STREET JOURNAL EUROPE, June 24, 2008, pp. 3, http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Fundamentalists/Miller-Auf-Wiedersehen-Wallstreet-Europe-2008.pdf
Miller, H., P. Morandini and K. Ammann (2008), Is biotechnology a victim of anti-science bias in scientific journals?, Trends in Biotechnology, 26, 3, pp. 122-125, doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.011 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Peer-Review/Miller- Morandini-Ammann-Peer-Review-2008.pdf
Mohanty, B. B. (2005), 'We are like the living dead': Farmer suicides in Maharashtra, western India, Journal of Peasant Studies, 32, 2, pp. 243-276,
Moll, J. and J. Schulkin (2009), Social attachment and aversion in human moral cognition, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 3, pp. 456-465, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763408002042
Mooney Bernie (20130829), Anti-GMO movement are liars and a disgrace to progressive activism, The Progressive Contrarian, publ: http://theprogressivecontrarian.com/2013/08/29/anti-gmo-movement-are-liars-and-a-disgrace-to-progressive-activism/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Mooney-Anti-GMO-movement-liars-20130823.pdf AND more blogs June-Sept-2013 http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/The-Progressive-Contrarian-June-Sept-2013.pdf
Moore, P. and K. Batra (20120216), Greenpeace Founder: Biotech Opposition is Crime Against Humanity, in: Biotech Now, Farmer Gene, pp. http://www.biotech-now.org/food-and-agriculture/2012/02/greenpeace-founder-biotech-opposition-is-crime-against- humanity?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss%E2%80%A6# AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Moore-Golden-Rice-Crime- 20120216.pdf 44
Moore Patrick (2010), Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: The Making of a Sensible Environmentalist edn. Beatty Street Publishing, Inc. (November 22, 2010), IS: ISBN-10: 0986480827 ISBN-13: 978-0986480829 pp. 400, http://www.amazon.com/Confessions- Greenpeace-Dropout-Sensible-Environmentalist/dp/0986480827/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340205282&sr=1- 1&keywords=Patrick+Moore+confessions AND chapter on Genetic Engineering: http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Moore- Confessions-GE-201029102013.pdf
Moore Patrick and Spahl Thilo (2014), Greenpeace: the Humanitarian Philosophy was gone, so I went, in: NOVO Argumente, April 2014, online, pp. 6, NOVO Argumente Verlad GmbH, Frankfurt a.M., ISSN0942–7244, http://www.novo- argumente.com/magazin.php/kontakt/ AND German original link: http://www.novo- argumente.com/magazin.php/novo_notizen/artikel/0001571 AND English translation http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice- Moore/Moore-Spahl-Greenpeace-Humanitarian-Philosophy-gone-def-NOVO-2014.pdf
Moore Patrick and Morano Marc (20120910), Greenpeace co-founder Dr. Patrick Moore rips 'Greenpeace's Crime Against Humanity' for opposing Golden Rice which can eliminate vitamin A deficiency CLIMATE DEBOT, publ: http://www.climatedepot.com/ http://www.climatedepot.com/a/17410/Former-Greenpeace-cofounder-Dr-Patrick-Moore-rips-Greenpeaces-Crime-Against-Humanity-for- opposing-Golden-Rice-which-can-eliminate-vitamin-A-deficiency AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Greenpeace/Moore-Greenpeace- Crime-Humanity-20120910.pdf
Morris, E. J. (2008), The Cartagena protocol: Implications for regional trade and technology development in Africa, Development Policy Review, 26, 1, pp. 29-57,
Morris, E. J. (2011), Modern Biotechnology - Potential Contribution and Challenges for Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, Sustainability, 3, 6, pp. 809-822, http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/3/6/809/ AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Sustainability/Morris-Modern-Biotechnology-Potential-2011.pdf
Muenster, D. (2012), Farmers' suicides and the state in India: Conceptual and ethnographic notes from Wayanad, Kerala, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 46, 1-2, pp. 181-208,
Munster, D. (2012), Farmers' suicides and the state in India: Conceptual and ethnographic notes from Wayanad, Kerala, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 46, 1-2, pp. 181-208,
Nestle, M. (2001), Genetically engineered "golden" rice unlikely to overcome vitamin A deficiency, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101, 3, pp. 289-290,
Nicolia Alessandro, Alberto Manzo, Fabio Veronesi and Daniele Rosellini (2014), An overview of the last 10 years of genetically engineered crop safety research, Crit Rev Biotechnol, 34, 1, pp. 77-88, http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/07388551.2013.823595
Nisbet Martin (20130313), Greenpeace Inc., in: Breakthrough, the Public Square, pp. The Breakthrough, Oakland, California, USA, http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/voices/the-public-square/greenpeace-inc/ AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Greenpeace/Nisbet-Mathew-Greenpeace-Inc-20130315.pdf
Norenzayan, A. and R. E. Nisbett (2000), Culture and causal cognition, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 4, pp. 132-135,
Normile, D. (2000), Agriculture biotechnology - Monsanto donates its share of golden rice, Science, 289, 5481, pp. 843-845,
Norton Amy (20120815), Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source, Thomson Reuters, pp. http://www.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=USBRE87E0RO20120815 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Norton-GM-Rice- good-VA-Source-20120815.pdf
Nyaboga, E., J. Njiru, E. Nguu, W. Gruissem, H. Vanderschuren and L. Tripathi (2013), Unlocking the potential of tropical root crop biotechnology in east Africa by establishing a genetic transformation platform for local farmer-preferred cassava cultivars, Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, pp.
Ocampo Daniel (20131228), Golden Rice ignores the risks, the people and the real solutions, updated version from December 28, 2013, see also Making Waves from 20140108, The Ecologist, Blog Posts, pp. http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2209623/golden_rice_ignores_the_risks_the_people_and_the_real_s olutions.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ocampo-Golden-Rice-Ignore-Risk-The-Ecologist-20131128.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ocampo-Golden-Rice-Ignore-Risk-Making-Waves-20140108.pdf.pdf
OECD Consensus Documents (20120802), Revised Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merr]: Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients, Toxicants and Allergens Environment Directorate, in: O. Environment. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds No. 25, pp. 48, OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Paris, 45
ENV/JM/MONO(2012)24, http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/JM/MONO(2012)24&doclanguage=en AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/OECD/OECD-Revised-Consensus-Soybean-2012.pdf
Olenyi Sebastian (20120228), GM crops: Forget the money, follow the science publ: The BTS blog of the Biotechnology and Society group of the TU Delft and Euractiv, http://www.euractiv.com/cap/gm-crops-follow-money-analysis-510724#comment-2945 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Olenyi-GM-Crops-Forget-Money-Follow-Science-20120228.pdf
Olson J.A., S. A. Tanumihardjo, reply:, S. de Pee, C. E. West, Y. Yuniar and Muhilal (1998), Olson: Evaluation of vitamin A status - de Pee: Reply, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, 1, pp. 149-150,
Oreskes Naomi and Erik M. M. Conway (2014), Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming edn. Bloomsbury Press; Reprint edition (May 24, 2011), IS: ISBN-10: 1608193942 AND ISBN-13: 978- 1608193943. pp. 368, http://www.amazon.com/Merchants-Doubt-Handful-Scientists- Obscured/dp/1608193942/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402027421&sr=1-1&keywords=oreskes+naomi
Osseweijer, P., K. Ammann and J. Kinderlerer (2010), Societal Issues in Industrial Biotechnology, Chapter 14 in Industrial Biotechnology, Sustainable Growth and Economic Success, Handbook, ed. W. Soethaert and E. J. Vandamme, Vol., pp. 457-481, 522 pp. total Wiley, VCH Verlag, Weinheim, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Public-Perception/Osseweijer-Societal-Issues-Industrial-Biotech-2010.pdf
Paarlberg, R. (2010), Food Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know edn. Oxford University Press, USA (April 7, 2010) IS: ISBN-10: 019538959X ISBN-13: 978-0195389593 pp. 240, http://www.amazon.com/Food-Politics-What-Everyone- Needs/dp/0199322384/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1386494482&sr=8-1&keywords=Robert+Paarlberg
Paarlberg, R. L. (2002), The real threat to GM crops in poor countries: consumer and policy resistance to GM foods in rich countries, Food Policy, 27, 3, pp. 247-250,
Paine, J. A., C. A. Shipton, S. Chaggar, R. M. Howells, M. J. Kennedy, G. Vernon, S. Y. Wright, E. Hinchliffe, J. L. Adams, A. L. Silverstone and R. Drake (2005), Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content, Nature Biotechnology, 23, 4, pp. 482-487,
Pan, Q. W., L. J. W. van der Laan, H. L. A. Janssen and M. P. Peppelenbosch (2012), A dynamic perspective of RNAi library development, Trends in Biotechnology, 30, 4, pp. 206-215,
Parron, T., A. F. Hernandez and E. Villanueva (1996), Increased risk of suicide with exposure to pesticides in an intensive agricultural area. A 12-year retrospective study, Forensic Science International, 79, 1, pp. 53-63,
Parry, J. (2012), Suicide in a central Indian steel town, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 46, 1-2, pp. 145-180,
Parsons, J. H. (1908), Night blindness, Lancet, 1, pp. 555-556,
Parthasarathy, G. and Shameen (1998), Suicides of cotton farmers in Andhra Pradesh - An exploratory study, Economic and Political Weekly, 33, 13, pp. 720-726,
Parul Christian, A. B. Labrique, H. Ali, M. J. Richman, L. Wu, M. Rashid and K. P. West, Jr. (2011), Maternal vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation and risk of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94, 6, pp. 1643-1649,
Pearce, F. (2001), Protests take the shine off golden rice, New Scientist, 169, 2284, pp. 15-15,
Perlo-Freeman Sam and Solmirano Carina (2014), Trends In World Military Expenditure, 2013, in: SIPRI Fact Sheet April 2014, pp. 8, SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Solna Sweden, file:///C:/Users/klaus/Downloads/SIPRIFS1404.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Perlo-Freeman-SIPRI-Trends-World-Military-Expenditure-201404.pdf
Pettifor JM and Zlotkin S. (2004), Micronutrient Deficiencies during the Weaning Period and the First Years of Life, 54th Nestlé Nutrition Workshop, Pediatric Program, São Paulo, October 2003, 54, pp. Karger and Nestlé Nutrition, Basel and Vevey, 3–8055–7720–6, e-ISBN: 978-3-318-01069-5: 3–8055–7720–6, e-ISBN: 978-3-318-01069-5, http://smile.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search- alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=Pettifor%20Micronutrients
Pfeiffer, W. H. and B. McClafferty (2007), HarvestPlus: Breeding crops for better nutrition, Crop Science, 47, pp. S88-S105,
Phillis, Y. A., V. S. Kouikoglou and V. Manousiouthakis (2010), A Review of Sustainability Assessment Models as System of Systems, Ieee Systems Journal, 4, 1, pp. 15-25,
Plant Translational Research (2014), Table of Contents: The Promise of Plant Translational Research, PLos Biology, PLOS Biology: published 10 Jun 2014 | info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001880, to be continued, pp. ff, www.ploscollections.org/planttranslationalresearch
Potrykus, I. (2001a), Golden rice and beyond, Plant Physiology, 125, 3, pp. 1157-1161,
Potrykus, I. (2001b), The 'Golden Rice' Tale, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 37, 2, pp. 93-100,
Potrykus, I. (2003), Nutritionally enhanced rice to combat malnutrition disorders of the poor, Nutrition Reviews, 61, 6, pp. S101-S104,
Potrykus, I. (2010a), Regulation must be revolutionized, Nature, 466, 7306, pp. 561-561, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/466561a AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Potrykus-Regulation-Revolutionized-2010.pdf
Potrykus, I. (2010b), Lessons from the Humanitarian Golden Rice' project: regulation prevents development of public good genetically engineered crop products, New Biotechnology, 27, 5, pp. 466-472, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-50K5T51- 1/2/469242a5ba1f0f71050d51e2bfd25b38 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Potrykus-Ingo-Lessons-Humanitarian-Golden-Rice- 20101130-publ.pdf
Potrykus, I. (2010c), Constraints to biotechnology introduction for poverty alleviation in Transgenic Plants for Food Security in the Context of Development,, ed. I. a. A. Potrykus, K., Vol. 27, pp. 447-448 Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-50J4MRM-3/2/bedd78fb4e30dd32c48c99d0c31f504a AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Potrykus-Ingo-PAS-Constraints-20101130-publ.pdf AND Link to Vatican Website: AND link to Vatican Website http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/publications/scriptavaria/transgenic.html
Potrykus, I. (2010d), The private sector's role in public sector genetically engineered crop projects, New Biotechnology, 27, 5, pp. 578- 581, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8JG4-50J4MRM-5/2/b25d03d8d135f1ce871ce16f02aa1522 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Potrykus-Ingo-PAS-Private-Sector-20101130-publ.pdf
Potrykus, I. and K. Ammann (2010), Transgenic Plants for Food Security in the Context of Development, Statement of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, M. Taussig, New Biotechnology, 27, open source, pp. 445-717, Elsevier, Amsterdam, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/issue/43660-2010-999729994-2699796 AND on Vatican Website http://www.casinapioiv.va/content/accademia/en/events/2009/transgenicplants.html AND on Host ASK-FORCE: http://www.ask- force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Potrykus-Ammann-Conference-Volume-Newbiotechnology-2010.pdf Press release http://www.ask-force.org/web/Vatican-PAS-Studyweek-Elsevier-publ-20101130/Press-Release-PAS-Studyweek- 20101127.pdf
Potrykus, I. (2012), "Golden Rice", a GMO-product for public good, and the consequences of GE-regulation, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, pp. 1-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13562-012-0130-5 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Potrykus- Golden-Rice-GMO-Product-Public-Good-2012.pdf
Potrykus, I. (20030404), Brief Ombudsman DOK „Der Wunderreis“, SRF1, Autor: Daniel Mennig, Received, A. C. O. SFR, pp. 11, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Potrykus-SFR-Ombudsmann-20130404-ref-links.pdf
Potthof Christof (201402), Mit Tricks zum Goldenen Reis?, Gen-ethischer lnformationsdiens GID, 222, pp. 42, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice-Moore/Potthof-GID-222-Golden-Rice-201402.pdf
Prado, J. R., G. Segers, T. Voelker, D. Carson, R. Dobert, J. Phillips, K. Cook, C. Cornejo, J. Monken, L. Grapes, T. Reynolds and S. Martino- Catt (2014), Genetically Engineered Crops: From Idea to Product, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 65, 1, pp. 769-790, http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040039 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Prado- GE-Crops-Idea-Product-2014.pdf
Prakash Channa, Chassy Bruce, Fedoroff Nina, Kershen Drew, M. Martina and Parrott Wayne (2013), Global scientific community condemns the recent destruction of field trials of Golden Rice in the Philippines, Petitioning Anti-biotechnology activists who destroy field trials of Golden Rice publ: www.change.org, http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific-community-condemns-the-recent- destruction-of-field-trials-of-golden-rice-in-the-philippines
Prakash Channa, Bruce Chassy, Nina Fedoroff, Drew Kershen, Martina McGloughlin and Wayne Parrott (201308), Petitioning Anti- biotechnology activists who destroy field trials of Golden Rice 2. Global scientific community condemns the recent destruction of field trials of Golden Rice in the Philippines publ: www.change.org 20130923: 20130923, http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific- community-condemns-the-recent-destruction-of-field-trials-of-golden-rice-in-the-philippines AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/Prakash-Petition-2013.pdf
47
Prasad, C. S. (1999), Suicide deaths and quality of Indian cotton - Perspectives from history of technology and Khadi movement, Economic and Political Weekly, 34, 5, pp. PE12-PE21,
Price, W. D. and L. Underhill (2013), Application of Laws, Policies, and Guidance from the United States and Canada to the Regulation of Food and Feed Derived from Genetically Modified Crops: Interpretation of Composition Data, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 35, pp. 8349-8355, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf401178d AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Genomics/Price-Underhill-Application- Laws-Canada-Regulation-2013.pdf
PRRI (2006), Correspondence between PRRI (Public Research and Regulation Initiative) and FoE (Friends of the Earth), in: www.pubresreg.org, pp. PRRI Public Research and Regulation Initiative, Brussels, http://www.ask-force.org/web/PRRI-FoE/PRRI- FoE-Corresp-Letter-to-FoE-20060629.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/PRRI-FoE/PRRI-FoE-Corresp-Answer-to-FoE-20060926.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/PRRI-FoE/PRRI-FoE-Corresp-Answer-FoE-to-PRRI-20060703.pdf
Qaim, M. and A. J. Stein (2008), Economic consequences of Golden Rice., in: Invited presentation at the Fourth Conference of the European Plant Science Organisation, pp. Toulon (Cote d'Azur), France, http://www.epsoweb.org/catalog/conf2008.htm AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Qaim-Economic-Consequences-Epso-Abstract-2008.pdf
Qiu Jane (2012), China sacks officials over Golden Rice controversy, Nature News, 495, 7442, pp. http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Qiu-China-sacks-officials-over- golden-rice-20121210.pdf
Quental, N. and J. M. Lourenco (2012), References, authors, journals and scientific disciplines underlying the sustainable development literature: a citation analysis, Scientometrics, 90, 2, pp. 361-381,
Rakotofalala Navid (20140527), Madagascar Pranks March Against Monsanto - What is the difference?, in: pp. 11, Rakotofalala Navid,, http://madagainstmonsanto.blogspot.ch/2014/05/madagascar-marches-against-monsanto.html AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Rakotofalala-Navid-Madagascar-Against-Monsanto-Prank-20140527.pdf AND comment http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Eirdosh-Madagaskar-Student-Prank-20140525.pdf
Reich, W. (1946), The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Translated from the German Manuscript by Theodore P. Wolfe Third, revised and enlarged edition, Original: DIE MASSENPSYCHOLOGIE DES FASCHISMUS, First Edition, 1933, Second Edition, 1934 edn. Orgone Institute Press, U.S.A., IS: pp. 180, http://www.whale.to/b/reich.pdf AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Fascism/Reich-Mass-Psych-Fascism- 1935.pdf
Reichmuth Alex and Moore Patrick (20140313), Die tischen uns Lügen auf. They serve us with lies., in: Die Weltwoche, 11, pp. 5, Die Weltwoche, Zurich, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice-Moore/Reichmuth-Moore-Greenpeace-Luegen-Weltwoche- 20140313.pdf AND English: http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice-Moore/Reichmuth-Moore-Weltwoche-Greenpeace-Lies- 20140313.pdf
Reifen, R. (2002), Vitamin A as an anti-inflammatory agent, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 61, 3, pp. 397-400,
Rickman, J. C., C. M. Bruhn and D. M. Barrett (2007), Nutritional comparison of fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables - II. Vitamin A and carotenoids, vitamin E, minerals and fiber, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87, 7, pp. 1185-1196,
Ridley Matt (2011), The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves (P.S.) edn. Fourth Estate and Harper Perennial; Reprint edition (June 7, 2011), IS: pp. 480, http://www.amazon.com/Rational-Optimist-Prosperity-Evolves-P- S/dp/0061452068/ref=sr_1_sc_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1400509263&sr=1-1-spell&keywords=Matt+Riddley
Ridley Matt (20130801), GM crops don't kill kids.Opposing them does, The Times, pp. http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article3830725.ece AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Ridley-GM- crops-dont-kill-kids-20130801.pdf
Rogers, R. (2000), Golden rice: For sale, or free, Chemical & Engineering News, 78, 21, pp. 9-9,
Ronald, P. (2012), Plant Genetics, Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security, Genetics, 188, 1, pp. 11-20,
Ronald Pamela (20140612), How Scare Tactics on GMO Foods Hurt Everybody, Vermont got it wrong on GMOs. Its mistake will affect people far beyond its borders., in: Newele, pp. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Ronald-Pamela-How-Scare-Tactics- GMO-Food-Vermont-20140612.pdf
Rong, J., B. R. Lu, Z. P. Song, J. Su, A. A. Snow, X. S. Zhang, S. G. Sun, R. Chen and F. Wang (2007), Dramatic reduction of crop-to-crop gene flow within a short distance from transgenic rice fields, New Phytologist, 173, 2, pp. 346-353,
48
Ropeik David (20140315), Golden Rice Opponents Should Be Held Accountable for Health Problems Linked to Vitamin A Deficiency, in: Scientific American, Guest Blog March 15, 2014, pp. 12, including comments, Part of Macmillan Publishers, owned by Holtzbrinck Group of companies; acquired by Holtzbrinck in 1986, New York City, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest- blog/2014/03/15/golden-rice-opponents-should-be-held-accountable-for-health-problems-linked-to-vitamain-a-deficiency/#comment- 12559 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Robeik-Golden-Rice-Opponents-Accountable-20140315.pdf
Rosegrant Mark W., Jawoo Koo, Nicola Cenacchi, Claudia Ringler, Richard Robertson, Myles Fisher, Cindy Cox, Karen Garrett, Nicostrato D. Perez and and Pascale Sabbagh (2014), Food Security in a World of Natural Resource Scarcity The Role of Agricultural Technologies edn. IFPRI, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, IS: ISBN 978-0-89629-847-7 (alk. paper). pp. 174, http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298477 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Rosegrant-Food-Security-World-Natural- Resource-2014.pdf AND Appendices http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/oc76app.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Developing/Rosegrant-Food-Security-World-Natural-Resource-Appendices-2014.pdf
Rosenberg Alexander (1985), The Structure of Biological Science edn. Cambridge University Press; rep edition (January 25, 1985), IS: ISBN-10: 052127561X AND ISBN-13: 978-0521275613. pp. 296, http://www.amazon.com/Structure-Biological-Science-Alexander- Rosenberg/dp/052127561X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1400511054&sr=8-1&keywords=Rosenberg+Structure+biological+science
Rosenberg Alexander (2006), Darwinian Reductionism: Or, How to Stop Worrying and Love Molecular Biology edn. University Of Chicago Press; First Edition edition (September 15, 2006), IS: ISBN-10: 0226727297 AND ISBN-13: 978-0226727295. pp. 272, http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226727297/ref=oh_details_o00_s00_i00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Rosenberg Alexander and Daniel W. McShea (2008), Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge Contemporary Introductions to Philosophy) edn. IS: ISBN-10: 041531593X AND ISBN-13: 978-0415315937. pp. 256, http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/041531593X/ref=pd_luc_sbs_04_02_t_lh?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Rosenberg Alexander (2012), Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge Contemporary Introductions to Philosophy third edition edn. Routledge; 3 edition (July 14, 2011), IS: ISBN-10: 0415891779 AND ISBN-13: 978-0415891776. pp. 320, http://www.amazon.com/Philosophy-Science-Contemporary-Introduction- Introductions/dp/0415891779/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1400511921&sr=8-3&keywords=Rosenberg+Alexander+Philosophy
Rosenberg, R. N., O. Stuve and T. Eagar (2009), 200 Years After Darwin (Reprinted from Archives of Neurology, vol 66, pg 153-155, 2009), Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 6, pp. 660-662,
Rothstein H., C. Hood, C. Hall and R. Baldwin (2000), Risk Regulation and 'opinion-responsive government' in Foresight and Precaution, ed. M. P. Cottam, Harvey D.W., Pape R.P., Tait, J.,, Vol. Vol. 1, pp. 151-157 A.A.Balkema/Rotterdam/Brookfield, Rotterdam, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Rothstein-Risk-Regulation-Opinion-2000.pdf
Sanvido, O., J. Romeis, A. Gathmann, M. Gielkens, A. Raybould and F. Bigler (2012), Evaluating environmental risks of genetically modified crops: ecological harm criteria for regulatory decision-making, Environmental Science & Policy, 15, 1, pp. 82-91, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901111001390 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Sanvido- Evaluating-Environmental-Risks-2012.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Sanvido-Evaluating-Supplement-2012.pdf
Schaub, P., S. Al-Babili, R. Drake and P. Beyer (2005), Why is Golden Rice golden (yellow) instead of red?, Plant Physiology, 138, 1, pp. 441-450,
Schmitz, J., K. P. West, Jr., S. K. Khatry, L. Wu, S. C. LeClerq, S. L. Karna, J. Katz, A. Sommer and J. Pillion (2012), Vitamin A supplementation in preschool children and risk of hearing loss as adolescents and young adults in rural Nepal: randomised trial cohort follow-up study, British Medical Journal, 344, pp.
Schrader, U. and K. F. Kaufmann (20120510), Gentechnikfeindliche Stimmung in Deutschland verhindert in diesem Jahr den Schaugarten Üplingen Forum Gruene Vernunft, publ: Innoplanta, Forum Gruene Vernunft,
Semba R.D. (2004), Impact of Micronutrient Deficiencies on Immune Function in Micronutrient Deficiencies during the Weaning Period and the First Years of Life. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series Pediatric Program, ed. Z. S. Pettifor JM, Vol. vol 54, pp. 137–152, Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel, © 2004., Vevey, Basel, http://www.ask-force.org/web/IP/Semba-Impact-Micronutrient-Deficiencies- Immune-Function-2004.pdf
Semba R.D. (2012), The Vitamin A Story: Lifting the Shadow of Death (World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics) edn. S. Karger; Auflage: 1 (4. September 2012), IS: ASIN: B00FBDPWDG. pp. Kindle 4350 KB, print 208p, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Semba- Vitamin-A-Story-excerpts-2012.pdf
Semba Richard David, Martin W. Bloem and P. Piot (2008), Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries edn. Humana Press; 2nd edition (July 11, 2008), IS: ISBN-10: 193411524X AND ISBN-13: 978-1934115244. pp. 933, http://www.amazon.com/Nutrition-Health- Developing-Countries-Richard/dp/193411524X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1401638614&sr=1-1&keywords=Semba+developing
49
Séralini, G.-E., E. Clair, R. Mesnage, S. Gress, N. Defarge, M. Malatesta, D. Hennequin and J. S. de Vendômois (2012), RETRACTED: Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 11, pp. 4221-4231, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637 AND http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Seralini/Seralini-Long-term-Toxicity-RR-2012-Retracted.pdf
Sharma Aman and Bhavna Vi Aurora (20140614), Greenpeace funding: Home ministry to serve 10 more NGOs under FCRA within a week, Economic Times of India, pp. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-14/news/50581806_1_foreign-contribution- foreign-funding-ngos AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/India/Sharma-India-Action-Greenpeace-Funding-20140614.pdf
Sheldrake Rupert (2012), The Science Delusion edn. Coronet Books (December 6, 2012), IS: ISBN-10: 144472794X AND ISBN-13: 978- 1444727944. pp. 392, http://www.amazon.com/Science-Delusion-Rupert- Sheldrake/dp/144472794X/ref=sr_1_8_title_1_pap?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1398765633&sr=1-8&keywords=rupert+sheldrake
Sheldrake Rupert (2014), Website on Rupert Sheldrake, Amazon.com: presentation of 20 books, publ: Rupert Sheldrake and Amazon.com, http://www.sheldrake.org/about-rupert-sheldrake/biography AND http://www.amazon.com/Rupert- Sheldrake/e/B000AQ3F38/ref=sr_tc_2_0?qid=1401654024&sr=1-2-ent
Sheridan, C. (2009), Doubts surround link between Bt cotton failure and farmer suicide (vol 27, pg 9, 2009), Nature Biotechnology, 27, 2, pp. 205-205,
Shermer, M. (2011), The Believing Brain, Scientific American, 305, 1, pp. 85-85,
Shiva, V. (2004), The Suicide Economy Of Corporate Globalisation, Z Net - The Spirit Of Resistance Lives, publ: Z-Space, http://www.zcommunications.org/the-suicide-economy-of-corporate-globalisation-byvandana2-shiva AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Cotton/Shiva--Suicide-Economy-2004.pdf
Shiva Vandana (2008), Toxic Genes and Toxic Papers : IFPRI covering up the link between Bt. Cotton and Farmers Suicides Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology, March 20, 2009, pp. 32, http://www.whale.to/b/shiva1.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/India/Shiva-Toxic-Genes-Toxic-Papers-IFPRI-2008.pdf
Siegrist, M., M. Connor and C. Keller (2012), Trust, Confidence, Procedural Fairness, Outcome Fairness, Moral Conviction, and the Acceptance of GM Field Experiments, Risk Analysis, 32, 8, pp. 1394-1403,
Smilde, A. K., J. A. Westerhuis, H. C. J. Hoefsloot, S. Bijlsma, C. M. Rubingh, D. J. Vis, R. H. Jellema, H. Pijl, F. Roelfsema and J. van der Greef (2010), Dynamic metabolomic data analysis: a tutorial review, Metabolomics, 6, 1, pp.
Smith, A. D. (2002), The Problem of Perception edn. Harvard University Press; 1st edition (June 15, 2002), IS: ISBN-10: 0674008413 ISBN-13: 978-0674008410. pp. 336, http://www.amazon.com/Problem-Perception-D- Smith/dp/0674008413/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1325078653&sr=1-1
Smith, J., C. Theodoris and E. H. Davidson (2007), A gene regulatory network subcircuit drives a dynamic pattern of gene expression, Science, 318, pp. 794-797,
Snell, C., A. Bernheim, J.-B. Berge, M. Kuntz, G. Pascal, A. Paris and A. E. Ricroch (2012), Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: A literature review, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 3–4, pp. 1134- 1148, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006399 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Food/Snell- Assessment-Health-Impct-GM-2012.pdf
Soltis, D. E. and P. S. Soltis (1993), MOLECULAR-DATA AND THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF POLYPLOIDY, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 12, 3, pp. 243-273,
Sommer, A. and K. S. Vyas (2012), A global clinical view on vitamin A and carotenoids, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96, 5, pp. 1204S-1206S, http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/96/5/1204S.abstract AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Sommer- Global-Clinical-View-VA-2012.pdf
Sommer, A. (2014), Preventing Blindness and Saving Lives The Centenary of Vitamin A, Jama Ophthalmology, 132, 1, pp. 115-117,
Stein, A. J., H. P. S. Sachdev and M. Qaim (2006), Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of Golden Rice, Nature Biotechnology, 24, 10, pp. 1200-1201,
50
Stein, A. J., H. P. S. Sachdev and M. Qaim (2007), Response to Krawinkel: What we know and don't know about Golden Rice, Nature Biotechnology, 25, 6, pp. 624-624, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0607-624a AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Rice/Stein_NatureBiotech_response-2007.pdf
Stein, A. J., H. P. S. Sachdev and M. Qaim (2008), Genetic engineering for the poor: Golden Rice and public health in India, World Development, 36, pp. 144-158,
Steiner, H.-Y., C. Halpin, J. M. Jez, J. Kough, W. Parrott, L. Underhill, N. Weber and L. C. Hannah (2013), Editor’s Choice: Evaluating the Potential for Adverse Interactions within Genetically Engineered Breeding Stacks, Plant Physiology, 161, 4, pp. 1587-1594, http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/161/4/1587.short AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Genomics/Steiner-Evaluating-Potential- Adverse-Stacks-2013.pdf
Steuer, R. O. (1961), CONTROVERSIAL PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATISES OF PAPYRUS- EBERS, Isis, 52, 169, pp. 372-380,
Stone, G. D. (2011), Contradictions in the Last Mile: Suicide, Culture, and E-Agriculture in Rural India, Science Technology & Human Values, 36, 6, pp. 759-790,
Swaminathan, M. S. (2006), An Evergreen Revolution, Crop Sci, 46, 5, pp. 2293-2303, http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/cropsci;46/5/2293 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Swaminathan/Swaminathan- Evergreen-2006.pdf
Szibor Reinhard (2011), Memorandum zur Verantwortung der Kirchen hinsichtlich des Themenkreises Grüne Gentechnik Forum Gruene Vernunft www.gruenevernunft.de No. pp. 30, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Szibor-Memorandum-Kirchen-2011.pdf
Szibor Reinhard (20130204), Grüne Gentechnik: Sprache und Antigentechnik-Demagogie, in: NOVO Argumente, 114, pp. NOVO Argumente, Frankfurt, http://www.novo-argumente.com/magazin.php/novo_notizen/artikel/0001283 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Szibor-Gruene-Gentech-Sprache-Demagogie-NOVO-20130204.pdf
Tang, G., J. Qin, G. G. Dolnikowski, R. M. Russell and M. A. Grusak (2009), Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A, Am J Clin Nutr, 89, 6, pp. 1776-1783, http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/6/1776 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Tang- Golden-Rice-Effective-Source-2009.pdf
Tang, G., Y. Hu, S.-a. Yin, Y. Wang, G. E. Dallal, M. A. Grusak and R. M. Russell (2012), Beta-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as beta- carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96, pp. 658-664, http://www.ajcn.org/content/early/2012/07/31/ajcn.111.030775.abstract AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Tang-Golden- Rice-as-good-as-oil-preprint-20120801.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Tang-Golden-Rice-as-good-as-oil-print- 20120901.pdf
Tang, G. W., S. A. Yin, Y. Wang, M. Grusak and R. Russell (2010), Provitamin A from Golden Rice is as effective as provitamin A in oil to children, Faseb Journal, 24, pp.
Tautz Diethard (2013), Kulturkampf um die Gentechnik, Zur Sache_Biotechnologie, MaxPlanck Forschung, 4, 12, pp. 12-16, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Tautz-Kulturkampf-Gentechnik-2013.pdf
Taverne, D. (2005a), The new fundamentalism, Commentary, Nature Biotechnology, 23, 4, pp. 415-416, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0405-415 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Fundamentalists/Taverne-New-Fundamentalism- 2005.pdf
Taverne, D. (2005b), The March of Unreason edn. Oxford University Press, USA (January 18, 2007), IS: ISBN-10: 0199205620 ISBN-13: 978-0199205622. pp. 320, Then, C. (2009a), Golden Rice "could save a million kids a year", in: “A Critical Look at Golden Rice”, Foodwatch, pp. 11, Gene Watch, GM Myths, http://www.gmwatch.org/gm-myths/11130-golden-rice-qcould-save-a-million-kids-a-yearq AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Then-golden-rice-qcould-save-a-million-kids-a-yearq-2009.pdf
Then, C. (2009b), The campaign for genetically modified rice is at the crossroads A critical look at Golden Rice after nearly 10 years of development, in: pp. Commissioned by foodwatch in Germany, www.scouting-biotechnology.net AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Then-Campaign-GM-Rice-Crossroads-2009.pdf
Then, C. (2009c), Golden Rice: golden distraction, in: pp. GM-free Scotland, http://www.gmfreescotland.org.uk/News/09jun_goldendistraction.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Then-Golden- Rice-GM-free-Scotland-2009.pdf
Thompson, B. and L. Amoroso (2011), Combating micronutrient deficiencies: food-based approaches, pp. 430, CABI; First edition (January 2011), ISBN-10: 1845937147 AND ISBN-13: 978-1845937140: ISBN-10: 1845937147 AND ISBN-13: 978-1845937140, http://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/2270 AND http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9781845937140
51
Trewavas, A. (2008), The cult of the amateur in agriculture threatens food security, Trends in Biotechnology, 26, 9, pp. 475-478, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TCW-4T44GKV-1/2/892978a0be860356838a6234bc155d3e AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Food/Trewavas-Cult-Amateur-2008.pdf
UN SCN, United Nations System and Standing Committee on Nutrition (2004), Fifth Report on the World Nutrition Situation, Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes edn. United Nations System, Standing Committee on Nutrition,, IS: pp. 143, http://www.unsystem.org/scn/Publications/html/RWNS.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/SCN5Report-World- Nutrition-Situation-2004.pdf
UNICEF (2012), Measuring Child Poverty, New league tables of child poverty in the world’s rich countries edn. Innocenti Card 10, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, IS: ISBN: 978-88-8912-965-4 AND ISSN: 1605-7317. pp. 40, http://www.unicef- irc.org/publications/pdf/rc10_eng.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/UNICEF-Measuring-Child-Poverty-2012.pdf
UNICEF and P. B. You Danzen, Jingxian Wu, Tessa Wardlaw, (2013), Levels & Trends in Child Mortality, United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization,The World Bank, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Population Division,, No. pp. 34, http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/levels_trends_child_mortality_2013.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/UNICEF-Levers-Trends-In-Child-Mortality-2013.pdf
UNICEF, Dorothea Kleine, David Hollow and Sammia Poveda (2014), Children, ICT and Development: Capturing the potential, meeting the challenges edn. Innocenti Insight, Florence: UNICEF Office of Research., IS: ISBN: 978-88-6522-026-9 AND eISBN: 978-92-1-056652- 0. pp., http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/unicef_royalholloway_ict4dreport_final.pdf AND ftp://server- p010.hostpoint.ch/www/ask-force.org/web/Developing/UNICEF-Children-ICT-Development-2014.pdf
University, M. G. C. A. S., Linda Abbott United States Department of Agriculture, Allan Felsot Washington State University and Robert L. Griffin United States Department of Agriculture (2013), Impact of the Precautionary Principle on Feeding Current and Future Generations, CAST Issue Paper, June 24, 2013, pp. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustainability/Marchant-CAST_Issue_Paper_52- Precautionary-Principle-2013.pdf
Uskul, A. K., S. Kitayama and R. E. Nisbett (2008), Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders (vol 105, pg 8552, 2008), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 33, pp. 12094-12094,
Verhoog, H., M. Matze, E. L. Van Bueren and T. Baars (2003), The role of the concept of the natural (naturalness) in organic farming, Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 16, 1, pp. 29-49,
Viale Riccardo, D. A., Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, (2014), Biological and Cultural Bases of Human Inference, pp. 264, Psychology Press (August 17, 2014) Kindle Edition, ISBN-10: 1138004170 AND ISBN-13: 978-1138004177: ISBN-10: 1138004170 AND ISBN-13: 978- 1138004177, http://www.amazon.com/Biological-Cultural-Bases-Human- Inference/dp/1138004170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1400411540&sr=8- 1&keywords=Viale+Biological+and+Cultural+Bases+of+Human+Inference
Vidaver, A., S. Tolin and A. Post (2012), The Status, Promise and Potential Perils of Commercially Available Genetically Modified Microorganisms in Agriculture and the Environment in Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada, ed. C. A. Wozniak and A. McHughen, Vol., pp. 95-102 Springer Netherlands, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2156-2_5 AND http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-2156-2_5# AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Vidaver-Status- Promise-Perils-2012.pdf
Vijayakumar, L. (2010), Indian research on suicide, Indian journal of psychiatry, 52, Suppl 1, pp. S291-6,
Vining, J., M. S. Merrick and E. A. Price (2008), The Distinction between Humans and Nature: Human Perceptions of Connectedness to Nature and Elements of the Natural and Unnatural, Human Ecology Review, 15, 1, pp. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Ethics/Vining- Distinction-Humnans-Nature-2008.pdf
52
von Klein Carl H. (1905), The Medical Features of the Papyrus Ebers, Journal of the American Medical Association December 23, 1905, pp. 34, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/von-Klein-Medical-Features-Papyrus-Ebers-1905.pdf FROM Cornell University Archive https://archive.org/details/cu31924000900849
Wald, G., H. Jeghers and J. Arminio (1938), An experiment in human dietary night-blindness, American Journal of Physiology, 123, 3, pp. 732-746,
Wegmuller, R., M. B. Zimmermann, V. G. Buhr, E. J. Windhab and R. E. Hurrell (2006), Development, stability, and sensory testing of microcapsules containing iron, iodine, and vitamin a for use in food fortification, Journal of Food Science, 71, 2, pp. S181-S187,
Wesseler, J. and D. Zilberman (2014), The economic power of the Golden Rice opposition, Environment and Development Economics, FirstView, pp. 1-19, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X1300065XM AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Wesseler- Zilberman-Economic-Power-GR-Opposition-2014.pdf
Wesseler, J., S. , Kaplan and a. D. Zilberman (2014), The Cost of Delaying Approval of Golden Rice, ARE Update, University of California Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, 17, 3, pp. 1-3, http://giannini.ucop.edu/media/are-update/files/articles/V17N3_1.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Wesseler-Update-Cost-Delaying-GR-201402.pdf AND summary: http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Wesseler-Update-Cost-Delaying-GR-201402.pdf
West Cornel (2000), The Cornel West Reader (Basic Civitas Book) edn. Basic Civitas Books; New Ed Edition edition (August 14, 2000), IS: ISBN-10: 0465091105 AND ISBN-13: 978-0465091102. pp. 624, http://www.amazon.com/Cornel-West-Reader-Basic- Civitas/dp/0465091105/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1399102848&sr=1-1&keywords=cornel+west
West, K. P., Jr., P. Christian, A. B. Labrique, M. Rashid, A. A. Shamim, R. D. W. Klemm, A. B. Massie, S. Mehra, K. J. Schulze, H. Ali, B. Ullah, L. S. F. Wu, J. Katz, H. Banu, H. H. Akhter and A. Sommer (2011), Effects of Vitamin A or Beta Carotene Supplementation on Pregnancy-Related Mortality and Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh A Cluster Randomized Trial, Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 305, 19, pp. 1986-1995,
Westendorf, W. (1999), Handbuch der altägyptischen Medizin. 1, Papyrus Ebers p.22, Eyes p. 146ff. out of print edn. 36, Brill (1999, IS: ISBN-10: 9004113207 AND ISBN-13: 978-9004113206. pp. 853, http://www.amazon.com/Handbuch-altagyptischen-Handbook-Oriental- studies/dp/9004113207/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1401558291&sr=1-1&keywords=9789004113206
Westwood Claire (20140213), Golden Rice - a complex tangle of unanswered questions, The Ecologist, pp. http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2271735/golden_rice_a_complex_tangle_of_unanswered_questions. html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Westwood-Complex-Tangle-TWN-Golden-Rice-21040213.pdf
Wexler, P., S. G. Gilbert, N. Thorp, E. Faustman and D. D. Breskin (2012), The World Library of Toxicology, Chemical Safety, and Environmental Health (WLT), Human & Experimental Toxicology, 31, 3, pp. 207-214,
WHO (2009), Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency edn. World Health Organization, World Health Organization,, IS: 978 92 4 159801 9 pp., http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden- Rice/WHO-Global-Prevalence-Vitamin-A-Deficiency-from-1995-to-2005-2009.pdf
WHO (2013), World Health Organization International: Nutrition Topics, Micronutient Deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency edn. World Health Organization, WHO,, IS: pp., http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/vad/en/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/WHO- Micronutrient-Deficiencies-V-A-20130401.pdf
WHO (2014), Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. Breastfeeding, WHO World Health Organization, Programmes, publ: WHO, http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/nutrition/breastfeeding/en/# AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/WHO-Breast-Feeding-2014.pdf
WHO (201309), Children: reducing mortality, Worls Health Organization, No. pp. 4, Geneva, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs178/en/ AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/WHO-Children-reducing- mortality-201309-updated.pdf
WHO (20131014), Childhood Stunting: Challenges and Opportunities. Report of a Promoting Healthy Growth and Preventing Childhood Stunting colloquium edn. World Health Organization, IS: pp. 34, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/107026/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_GRS_14.1_eng.pdf?ua=1 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Golden-Rice/WHO-NMH-NHD-GRS-Childhood-Stunting-eng-20131014.pdf
Willaschek, M. (2003), Der Mentale Zugang zur Welt, Skeptizismus, Intentionalität edn. Klostermann; Auflage: 1. Aufl. (2003) IS: ISBN- 10: 3465032470 ISBN-13: 978-3465032472 pp. 334, http://www.amazon.de/mentale-Zugang-Realismus-Skeptizismus- Intentionalit%C3%A4t/dp/3465032470/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpt_1
Wilson Katherine (2004), JUNK SCIENCE™ Mystic campaigns and phantom greenies, Overland, 175, pp. 12-17, www.overlandexpress.org AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Wilson-Katherine-Junk-ScienceTM-Mystic-Campaigns- Phantom-Greenies-2004.pdf 53
Wolf, G. (1978), HISTORICAL NOTE ON MODE OF ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN-A FOR CURE OF NIGHT BLINDNESS, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 2, pp. 290-292,
Ye, X. D., S. Al-Babili, A. Kloti, J. Zhang, P. Lucca, P. Beyer and I. Potrykus (2000), Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm, Science, 287, 5451, pp. 303-305,
Zeigler Rob (20130918), Golden Rice research at IRRI: ethical and approved, in: IRRI News, pp. IRRI International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, http://www.irri.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=12654:golden-rice-research-at-irri-ethical-and- approved&lang=en AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Golden-Rice/Zeigler-GR-Ethical-Approved-20130918.pdf
Zeigler, R. S. (2001), Agricultural biotechnology - Reducing poverty in developing countries, Plant Disease, 85, 6, pp. 568-579,
Zhang, X. C., W. H. Pfeiffer, N. Palacios-Rojas, R. Babu, H. Bouis and J. K. Wang (2012), Probability of success of breeding strategies for improving pro-vitamin A content in maize, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 125, 2, pp. 235-246,
Zimmermann Dirk (201310), Die Goldene Illusion, Greenpeace Deutschland, No. pp. 10, Hamburg, http://www.ask- force.org/web/Greenpeace/Zimmermann-Die-Goldene-Illusion-Greenpeace-201310.pdf AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Greenpeace/Zimmermann-Goldener-Reis-Gefaehrliche-Illusion-Greenpeace-20140114.pdf
Zimmermann, R. and M. Qaim (2004), Potential health benefits of Golden Rice: a Philippine case study, Food Policy, 29, 2, pp. 147-168,