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Patent Office Patented Mar. 11, 1941 2,234,905 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,234,905 DYENG OF CELLULOSCTEXT LE MATERIALS Ernest Edward Tallis, Coventry, England, as signor to Courtaulds, Limited, London, Eng land, a British company No Drawing. Application November 19, 1938, Se rial No. 241,460. In Great Britain November 30, 1937 4 Claims. (C. 8-100) This invention relates to the dyeing of cellu at a pH value of 5.0. The material after ingreg losic textile materials. nation with the solution thus obtained is cried It is well known that it is not ordinarily possi and heated to complete the reaction between the ble to dye cellulosic materials such as cotton, cyanamide and formaldehyde in the material. rayon, linen or the like with acid dyestuffs such Alternatively, the process according to the 6 as are commonly used for the dyeing of wool and present invention, may be carried out by incor the like animal fibres. porating in the cellulosic solution, for exampie, It is also known, however, that such cellulosic viscose, which is to be used for iorning cellulosic fibres can be dyed by acid dyestuffs if the fibres threads, the product which is precipitated on 0 have been pretreated with various materials. For prolonged heating above 60° centigrade of a solu- it example it has been proposed to dye such cellu tion of the initially slightly acid soilition obtained losic fibres after treatment with nitrogenous ma by mixing solutions of cyaramide and formalde terials, such as amines and ammonium bases. hyde. Treatment with solutions containing urea or An intensifier or any otier useful compound, thiourea mixed with or precondensed with alde for example ammonium thiocya hate, which is hyde followed by heating to obtain condensation greatly increases the affinity of the textile nate products on the fibres has also been proposed for rial for certain direct dyestušis may be added to this purpose. It has also been stated that the the solutions used for the treatment of such Era methylol compounds of urea or thiourea do not terials. If these intensifiers of other compounds 20 pOSSess sufficient chemical affinity for acid dyes are of a basic nature, for example, &riethylamine, 2 to be useful technically for dyeing purposes. In then it is necessary to Yeutralise thei; before view of this a proposal has been made to use the they are incorporated in the treating solution. initial condensation products of formaldehyde The cellulosic materials obtained according to with dicyandlamide, guanidine or heat-treated the present invention have an increased affinity urea, which while not detrimental to the good for many classes of dyestuffs which may be ap- 25 textile properties of the fibre lend it a pro plied to such materials, including direct cotton, nounced affinity for acid dyestuffs and in some sulphur, vat, azoic, basic and acid dyestuffs, and cases for basic dyestuffs. also those dyestuffs specially evolved for the dye In British Patent No. 319,822 a process of man ing of cellulose acetate or the like cellulose de 30 ufacturing new compounds by the interaction of rivatives. Moreover, the fastness to washing 3, cyanamide with formaldehyde is described and it processes of the resulting dyed material is greatly is stated that the properties of the product ob improved. tained by condensing under acid conditions are The following examples illustrate methods of different from those of the product obtained by carrying the present invention into effect, al condensing under alkaline conditions. though the invention is not restricted to these 85 According to the present invention the process examples. for improving the dyeing properties of cellulosic Eacample textile materials, comprises incorporating in the 12 parts of crude calcium cyanamide are ex said materials a product obtained by causing cy tracted with 36 parts of water at from 35 to 45 40 anamide and formaldehyde to react under acid centigrade for 30 minutes and subsequently fl- 0 or neutral conditions. tered and neutralised with strong sulphuric acid. One method of carrying out the said process, The calcium sulphate is filtered off. To the fl comprises impregnating the said cellulosic tex trate are added 15 parts of commercial formalde tle materials with a solution, obtained by mix hyde solution (containing 40 per cent of formal 45 ing in the cold solutions of cyanamide and form dehyde), 1 part of ammonium thiocyanate and 15 5 aldehyde, which solution is maintained slightly parts of water. Wiscose staple fibre is steeped in acid. The best results are obtained when the pH this solution, squeezed out and centifuged to value of the solution lies between 5.0 and 6.5. twice its original weight. It is then dried by After impregnation the material is dried and known processes and finally heated for twenty SO heated to ensure reaction between the cyan minutes at 140 centigrade. It is then dyed at 50 amide and formaldehyde. The cyanamide and the boll for one hour with 1 per cent of azo-ger formaldehyde may be partially or wholly precon anine 2 G. S. and 2 per cent of sulphuric acid. A densed by heating the mixed solution at raised rich scarlet shade is imparted to the fibre com temperatures, for example 80' to 100 centri parable with that developed by the same dyestuff grade, under slightly acid conditions, preferably * On Wool. s 2 y 2,234,905 Eacample 2 fing raised to 100 centigrade for one hour. The treated fibre is dyed at the boil for 4 of a hour A solution, containing 4 per cent of cyanamide in a dyebath containing 2 per cent of azo-gera and 3 per cent of formaldehyde, at a pH value of nine 2 G. S. and 2 per cent of formic acid on the 5.0, is heated at 80 centigrade until a voluminous weight of the fibre using a liquor to yarn ratio of white precipitate is formed. The precipitate is 40 to 1. The dyebath is exhausted and a ful filtered of, washed and dried. It is then dis shade developed on the fibre. persed in acetone and added to a cellulose ace What I claim is: tate spinning solution. The cellulose acetate 1. A process for improving the dyeing proper yarn obtained from this solution is then dyed at ties of cellulosic textile materials which comprises O O 80 centigrade for one hour with 2 per cent azo incorporating in the said materials a product ob geranine 2 G. S., and 2 per cent of formic acid. tained by causing cyananide and formaldehyde It can also be dyed under the same conditions to react in a solution the pH value of which with ero fast cyanine S concentrated. initially lies between 5.0 and 6.5. 5 Eacample 3 2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Wiscose yarn impregnated for 15 minutes at materials are impregnated with the solution obs room temperature with a solution containing 4 tained by the admixture in the cold of aolutions per cent of cyananide, 3 per cent of formalin (40 of cyanamide and formaldehyde, which solution per cent formaldehyde) and 2 per cent of an is maintained slightly acid at a pH value between nonlun thiocyanate at a pH value of 6.0. The 5.0 and 6.5, the said materials after impregnation impregnated yarn is then hydro-extracted, dried being dried and heated to cause reaction between and heated at 150 centgrade for 5 minutes. It the cyananide and formaldehyde. is then dyed a full shade with 3 per cent 3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coomassie red P. G. S. (mperial Chemical n materials are impregnated with the solution ob dustries) and exhausts the dye bath. The yarn tained by heating a solution containing cyana obtained is also dyed a much fuller shade with mide and formaldehyde while maintaining the pH value of the solution between 5.0 and 8.5 to indigosol blue I. B. C. than yarn which has not give partial or complete precondensation, and are been so treated. thereafter dried and heated to complete the re acample 4 action between the cyananide and formaldehyde. 5 parts of a 40 per cent solution of cyananide 4. A process as clained in claim 1, wherein the are added to 6 parts of 40 per cent formaldehyde product which is precipitated after the prolonged solution and the resulting solution is heated at heating above 60 centigrade of a solution of 95 centgrade for 3 minutes. After rapidly cool cyananide and formaldehyde the pH value of ing to room temperature the solution is diluted which is initially between 5.0 and 6.5, is incor with 60 parts of water and the solution so ob porated in the cellulosic solution from which tained used to impregnate staple fibre. The in cellulosic textile threads are produced. pregnated staple fibre is hydro-extracted and dried at 70' centlgrade the temperature then be RNSTed DWARD TALES. .
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