Material characteristics of materials and Elastomers

The materials used for GANTER and ELESA products can be classed in three main groups:

Duroplast Technopolymer Elastomers Elastomers

This group includes plastic materials With increasing temperature and A feature of elastomers is that they which solidify by chemical reactions. once the softening point is exceeded, can be deformed under minimal ten- They closely crosslink into spatial this group of Technopolymer melts, sile or compressive stress. When the lattice patterns of macromolecules can be heat distorted and solidifies force effect decreases or no longer which gives Duroplast material high again after cooling. This process can exists, the parts automatically return mechanical strength and surface be repeated any number of times. Un- to their original, undeformed shape. hardness. Their elasticity is low, how- like Duroplast, there is no chemical Thus, they demonstrate the typical ever. reaction during processing. behavior of rubber.

The curing process is irreversible. Un- Technopolymer materials can be sub- In chemical terms, these are macro- like Technopolymer, Duroplast can- divided into amorphous and partially molecules which are interconnected not be melted because it is rigid up crystalline plastics. The disordered by only a few chemical crosslinking to degradation temperature. Phenolic structure of amorphous materials al- bridges. resins are among the most commonly lows the production of transparent With thermoplastic elastomers, the used Duroplast materials. components by cross-links soften under the influence right through to crystal-clear parts. In general, the molecular crosslinking of heat, thus demonstrating a thermo- Partially crystalline Technopolymer of Duroplast creates good chemical plastic behavior. have a structure resulting in enhan- stability. ced mechanical properties and tem- By way of modification, elastomers The coloring options of components peratures of use. can be made in varying degrees of made of Duroplast are limited. hardness. They can be dyed easily by The wide variety of different Tech- adding color pigments. nopolymer and their options of mo- difications allow the production of Material characteristics of Elastomers “tailor-made” construction materials → Page 1487 ff. with respect to mechanical proper- ties, chemical resistance, tempera- ture resistance and different colors.

Information

The above details are general values without claiming to be complete. Material properties may vary widely through addi- tives, modifications and environmental influence factors. The details are unsuitable as the sole basis for constructions. The data may not be used in place of tests to determine the suitability of a material for a specific purpose. No warranty or liability will be accepted fort the above specifications and details. The essential plastic materials used for GANTER and ELESA products are listed in the following tables.

Material characteristics | Page 1483 Material characteristics of plastics materials and Elastomers continued

Duroplast Technopolymer Symbol PF 31 PA 6 PA 6 GF30 PA-T Description with Polyamide Phenolic resin Polyamide 30 % glass fibre transparent Yield stress in MPa – 80 / 50 – / – 90 Tensile strength in MPa 60 – / – 180 / 110 – Tension-E-Module in MPa 9000 3000 / 1500 9000 / 6500 2800 Ball indentation hardness 250 150 / 70 220 / 150 140 in MPa Temperature resistance: • max. short-term 180 °C 180 °C 200 °C 180 °C • max. long-term 140 °C 90 °C 120 °C 90 °C • min. application temp. –20 °C –40 °C –40 °C –30 °C Resistance to: * • Oil, greases + + + + • Solvents: Tri o + + + Per o + + + • Acid: weak + o o – strong – – – – • Alkalines: weak + + o + strong – o – + • Petrol + + + + • Alcohol + + + – • hot water o o o – • UV light / weather exposure – o o o Fire behaviour (UL 94) V-0 HB HB V-2 General This Duroplast The material group Polyamide 6 (partially crystalline) offers uni- material on phenolic versal materials for mechanical function components in mechani- resin basis with cal engineering. organic has the are: following properties: - cold-temperature resistant High stiffness and - impact stress resilient and impact resistant hardness, low - abrasion resistant tendency to creep, Reinforced Polyamides such as PA 6 GF30 combine high stiffness high heat forming and rigidity with extreme impact strength, properties which make resistance, low ther- them highly robust under mechanical stress. mal linear expan- sion, high surface Polyamide PA-T (amorphous) is translucent with a slightly yellow slip resilience, low transparency. Typically used for oil level sight glass. flammability.

Phenolic resins are available only in dark colour shades. They are not suitab- le for use with food.

Typical applications include thermally insulating operating elements.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Page 1484 | Material characteristics Material characteristics of plastics materials and Elastomers continued

Technopolymer Symbol PE-HD PE-LD POM-C POM-H Description Polyethylen Polyethylen Polyacetal Polyacetal high density low density (Copolymer) (Homopolymer) Yield stress in MPa 30 10 65 72 Tensile strength in MPa 25 ... 30 8 ... 10 – 70 Tension-E-Module in MPa 1450 200 2700 3100 Ball indentation hardness 57 (Standard H132/30) 15 (Standard H49/30) 145 174 in MPa Temperature resistance:

• max. short-term 100 °C 100 °C 140 °C 140 °C • max. long-term 90 °C 70 °C 90 °C 80 °C

• min. application temp. -80 °C – 80 °C –50 °C –50 °C Resistance to: * • Oil, greases + + + + • Solvents: Tri + – – – Per + – + + • Acid: weak + + + + strong + – – – • Alkalines: weak + + + + strong + + + + • Petrol + + + + • Alcohol + + + + • hot water + o + o • UV light / weather exposure o o o o Fire behaviour (UL 94) HB HB HB HB General PE is a very versatile thermoplastic polymer. Polyacetals (partially crystalline) are It is colorless in its basic form. universal materials used in function components for precision engineering PE is physiologically safe, practically odor- and in apparatus construction. less, and tasteless. These properties make

it ideal for the food and packaging industry. They feature excellent properties:

PE is shockproof and impact-resistant. It - low friction resistance has good sliding properties and absorbs - good abrasion resistance virtually no moisture. - good resilience - good fatigue resistance - good chemical resistance

Typical applications include snap-fit elements (form-locking connecting elements).

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material characteristics | Page 1485 Material characteristics of plastics materials and Elastomers continued

Technopolymer Symbol PC PP GF20 PSU Description Polysulfon with 20% glass fibre Yield stress in MPa 63 33 70 Tensile strength in MPa – – 70 Tension-E-Module in MPa 2400 2900 2400 Ball indentation hardness 110 80 147 (H358/30) in MPa Temperature resistance: • max. short-term 140 °C 140 °C 180 °C • max. long-term 125 °C 100 °C 160 °C

• min. application temp. – 100 °C 0 °C – 100 °C Resistance to: * • Oil, greases o + + • Solvents: Tri – o o Per – o o • Acid: weak + + o strong – + o • Alkalines: weak – + + strong – + + • Petrol – + – • Alcohol o + + • hot water – + + • UV light / weather exposure o o - Fire behaviour (UL 94) V-2 – V-0 General Propylenes (partially The primary feature of PSU (amorphous) are translu- crystalline) are universal is its very high heat resis- cent plastic materials with standard plastic materials tance and good resistance following properties: with balanced property to chemicals. levels: Typical fields of application High strength, in particular are electrical engineering, high impact resistance, Average strength, stiffness, electronics, mechanical good optical properties, impact resistance, low engineering, and medical self-extinguishing. density, excellent chemical technology where high heat resistance but very bad resistance is needed, while but: cold temperature proper- also allowing transparency. sensitive to chemicals and ties. stress cracking, not suita- ble for high dynamic stress Embedded glass fibre, loads, notch sensitive at e.g. PP GF20, enhances edges and corners. stiffness and strength.

Typical applications for propylenes are armatures.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Page 1486 | Material characteristics Material characteristics of plastics materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers Symbol NR CR FPM, FKM NBR Trade name Neoprene® Viton® Perbunan® Chemical Natural Chloroprene Fluorine rubber Acrylonitrile- description rubber rubber Fluorine caoutchouc butadiene rubber Hardness (Shore A) 30 … 90 30 … 90 65 … 90 25 … 95 Temperature resistance • short-term – 60° … +130 °C – 30° … +150 °C – 30° … +280 °C – 40° … +150 °C • long-term – 40° … + 80 °C – 25° … +100 °C – 20° … +230 °C – 30° … +120 °C Tensile strength – 25 20 25 in N/mm2 Wear resistance / good good good good Abrasion resistance Resistance to: * • Oil, greases - + + + • Solvents o o + o • Acid o + + o • Alkalines o + + + • Petrol - - + + • UV light / weather exposure - + + -

General NR is a material CR is FPM is NBR is with very good one of the most unmatched for a synthetic special physical properties frequently used applications with rubber for rubber and excellent synthetic rubbers contact to fuels, parts with high mechanical with a wide range oils, solvents, requirements strength. It is used of applications for as well as many for resistance to e.g. for spring parts which require acids and caustic swelling when in elements. exceptional resis- solutions; resistant contact with oils tance to ageing. to atmospheric and fuels. and environmental Standard material influences. for o-rings. Due to its high price its use is restric- ted to high quality rubber parts which are exposed to ext- remely heavy Wear resistance.

Viton® is a regis- tered trademark of DuPont perfor- mance rubbers.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material characteristics | Page 1487 Material characteristics of plastics materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers Symbol PUR TPE TPU Trade name Bayflex® Santoprene® Desmopan® / Elastollan® Chemical Thermoplastic rubber Thermoplastic description Polyurethane rubber Hardness (Shore A) 65 … 90 55 … 87 55 ... 85 Temperature resistance • short-term – 40° … +130 °C – 40° … +150 °C –50° ... +120 °C • long-term – 25° … +100 °C – 30° … +125 °C –30° ... + 90 °C Tensile strength 20 8,5 50 in N/mm2 Wear resistance / excellent good very good Abrasion resistance Resistance to: * • Oil, greases + + + • Solvents o + - • Acid - + - • Alkalines - + o • Petrol + + o • UV light / weather exposure + + +

General PUR is TPE is TPU has generally good known for exceptionally a thermoplastic rubber, the physical properties, ma- good mechanical performance characteris- king it ideal for demanding characteristics with very tics of which are compa- applications in virtually all good resistance to rable to those of many industrial areas. atmospheric andenviron- customary vulcanised In addition to the very high mental influences. special rubbers. wear and abrasion resis- In addition, the extreme TPE is a multi-purpose tance, the excellent tear resistance to tearing and material with outstanding growth resistance and cold to wear, should also be dynamic fatigue strength flexibility of the material at mentioned. and excellent resistance low temperatures should to ozone and atmospheric also be mentioned. influences (environmental TPU can be made for a influences). large hardness range and from an ergonomic point of view it can also be used advantageously due to its good surface feel (Softline!).

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Information of hardness data for Elastomers

Hardness data of vulcanized or thermoplastic elastomers are measured using the Shore scale. This value is determined by measuring the indention depth of a spring-loaded indenter into the material. A low indention depth is a high Shore value, a high indention depth a low Shore value. Different indenter shapes are used depending on the materials being examined. The elastomer materials used in Ganter products are measured according to “Shore A” with a blunt indenter with a tip angle of 35°.

Page 1488 | Material characteristics