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514 Diversidad De Chinches En Michoacán

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514 Diversidad De Chinches En Michoacán DIVERSIDAD DE CHINCHES EN MICHOACÁN (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA) Jezabel Báez-Santacruz, Luis Manuel Cervantes Peredo y Javier Ponce-Saavedra. Laboratorio d E m í “ . Só C P ”. F í . Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, México. CP 58060. [email protected] RESUMEN. En Michoacán se han registrado 284 especies, 181 géneros y 29 familias. La familia Pentatomidae tuvo el mayor número de registros para el estado con 33 géneros y 66 especies; seguida por Coreidae con 42 especies y Lygaeidae representada por 28 especies. Para Rhyparochromidae se registraron 26 especies de cinco tribus, las tribus más diversas fueron Lethaeini y Myodochini con seis y diez especies, respectivamente. Para Miridae se reportaron 20 especies y las familias Aradidae, Thyreocoridae, Ceratocombidae y Pachygronthidae fueron representadas por una especie. Varias especies fueron registradas en plantas hospederas como los míridos Phytocoris, recolectada en bosques de Quercus y Prepops en plantas de Opuntia tomentosa. Las especies de Rhyparochromidae como Froeschneria piligera se colectaron en asociación con la hojarasca de Ipomea murucoides y Forestiera phillyreoides. A pesar de que Michoacán comprende una gran diversidad, los estudios faunísticos aún son escasos, desconociendo la importancia de las especies que habitan en los diversos ecosistemas. Palabras clave: Michoacán, Heteroptera, plantas hospederas. Diversity of bugs in Michoacán (Insecta: Heteroptera) ABSTRACT. In Michoacán have been recorded 284 species, 181 genera and 29 families. The family Pentatomidae had the highest number of records for the state with 33 genera and 66 species; followed by Coreidae with 42 species and Lygaeidae with 28 species. Rhyparochromidae has 26 species of five tribes, Lethaeini with six species and Myodochini with ten species were the most diverse. For the family Miridae we found 20 species and the families Aradidae, Thyreocoridae, Ceratocombidae and Pachygronthidae had one species. Several species were recorded in host plants as the mirid Phytocoris, collected in Quercus and Prepops on plants of Opuntia tomentosa. Rhyparochromidae species as Froeschneria piligera were collected in association with leaf litter of Ipomea murucoides and Forestiera phillyreoides. Although the Michoacán state comprises a great diversity of ecosystems and climatic conditions, faunistic studies are still scarce, ignoring the importance of species that inhabiting the ecosystems. Key words: Michoacán, Heteroptera, host plants. Introducción La fauna de Hemiptera: Heteroptera de México, aunque muy diversa, ha sido poco estudiada a nivel faunístico. Los trabajos más importantes son los de Carl Stål en 1862, quien con m mb é p V S , p b “H m p M ”. T después, en el proyecto de los ingleses Frederick Godman y Osbert Salvin, William Distant b f H p “ C -Am ” 1880 1893, en el que muchas de las especies colectadas provienen de los estados de Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero y muy pocos son de los desiertos del norte. A principios de los años 70, Harry Brailovsky retoma el estudio de la Hemipterofauna Mexicana y desde entonces, Brailovsky y su grupo han realizado revisiones para algunos estados de la República Mexicana y han publicado diversos trabajos en los que describen especies nuevas. De los trabajos faunísticos pueden destacarse el de Brailovsky (1988), sobre la fauna de Pentatomidae de la Estación de Biología “L T ” . E 2000 b í del conocimiento de la fauna de Artrópodos de México en los dos volúmenes de Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de Artrópodos de México (Llorente et al., 2000). En esta obra se publican dos trabajos importantes sobre la fauna de Heteroptera de México; el de Slater y Brailovsky quienes reúnen todas las especies de la Familia Lygaeidae reportadas en cada uno de los Estados. En esta misma obra Thomas, publica también un trabajo sobre la Familia Pentatomidae. Es realmente en esta obra donde se citan por 514 primera vez listados de estas familias para cada uno de los estados, incluyendo a Michoacán. Otros trabajos faunísticos posteriores son los de Cervantes y Brailovsky, 2004 y 2011, en donde tratan a la fauna de Lygaeidae para la Estación de Biología de Chamela, Jalisco y la fauna de Lygaeidae para Veracruz, respectivamente. Aunque no ha sido completamente publicado se llevó a cabo un inventario de la fauna de chinches terrestre de la Península de Baja California, Islas del Golfo de California y Sonora, en donde se hace un recuento de más de 500 especies en 21 familias (Cervantes, 2012). Algunos trabajos realizados por la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo que tratan en cierta forma a la Hemipterofauna de Michoacán son una tesis de licenciatura: Hemiptera: Heteroptera “L F ” , m p M ( á , 2011 m í proceso: Comunidades de Hemiptera: Heteroptera como indicadores de perturbación en el bosque tropical caducifolio de la Cuenca de Cuitzeo. Aunque la fauna de Heteroptera de Michoacán no ha sido exhaustivamente tratada en ninguno de estos trabajos, se tienen muchos registros para este Estado. En el presente estudio tratamos de hacer una síntesis de todo lo reportado hasta hoy, haciendo notar que se trata de un trabajo preliminar y que es necesario realizar más recolectas e identificar todo el material que ya se tiene en las colecciones. A continuación se hace mención de un listado de 284 especies registradas hasta el momento, así como una breve descripción de las familias y especies presentes en localidades muestreadas en el estado, incluyendo notas acerca de su biología y su asociación a plantas hospederas. Materiales y Método La metodología consistió en la revisión bibliográfica de diversas publicaciones, como contribuciones al estudio de los Hemiptera-Heteroptera de México para las familias Coreidae (Brailovsky, 1976), Lygaeidae (Brailovsky, 1977; Brailovsky, 1978), Oxycarenidae (Brailovsky, y Barrera, 1979) y Alydidae (Brailovsky y Zurbia, 1979). Descripciones de nuevas especies (Brailovsky, 1981; Brailovsky y Barrera, 1984; Brailovsky y Barrera, 2001) y su distribución (Brailovsky y Cervantes, 2008; Cervantes y Briceño, 2010b). Parte del material determinado corresponde a individuos que fueron recolectados como parte de una tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas (en proceso) sobre la biodiversidad de heterópteros en ambientes contrastantes de la Cuenca de Cuitzeo, Michoacán. Resultados y Discusión Los primeros reportes de heterópteros para el estado de Michoacán corresponden al año 1974, realizados por Brailovsky y Márquez. Aunque, algunos registros no pertenecen a muestreos intensivos, hasta el 2012 se han registrado 284 especies de 181 géneros y 29 familias. La familia con la mayor diversidad registrada fue Pentatomidae, representada por 33 géneros y 63 especies; seguida por Coreidae con 42 especies y Lygaeidae representada con 28 especies, así como para Rhyparochromidae se registraron 26 especies de cinco tribus, las tribus más diversas fueron Lethaeini y Myodochini con seis y diez especies, respectivamente. Para la familia Miridae se reportaron 20 especies y las familias Aradidae, Thyreocoridae, Ceratocombidae y Pachygronthidae fueron representadas por una especie (Fig. 1). 515 Figura 1. Número de géneros y especies de las familias registradas en el estado de Michoacán. La mayoría de los míridos son de hábitos fitófagos ya sean especies polífagas o con asociaciones a plantas hospederas, algunas son de importancia económica significativa, ya que se alimentan de partes en crecimiento de la planta como flores, frutos o follaje nuevo, otros míridos son depredadores de artrópodos pequeños. De acuerdo a la clasificación de Schuh y Slater (1995) son reconocidas ocho subfamilias Bryocorinae, Cylapinae, Deraeocorinae, Isometopinae, Mirinae, Orthotylinae, Phylinae y Psallopinae. Las especies de Phytocoris (Mirinae) han sido colectadas en bosques de Quercus castanea., ya que mantienen una asociación con este tipo de vegetación (Stonedahl, 1988). Otro género registrado para Michoacán fue Rhinacloa (Phylinae) teniendo como plantas hospederas algunas solanáceas y leguminosas; este género incluye especies depredadoras, reconocidas como importantes enemigos naturales de Heliothis virescens (plaga del algodón) (Herrera, 1966). Prepops (Mirinae) es un género fitófago, tanto ninfas como adultos fueron encontrados en Opuntia tomentosa, alimentándose de los frutos y de partes tiernas; Blepharidopterus (Orthotylinae) son especies depredadoras, estas se encontraron en árboles jóvenes y adultos de Quercus castanea. La mayoría de Rhyparochromidae son de hábitos fitófagos y con asociaciones a plantas hospederas, por ejemplo, la tribu Lethaeini mantiene asociaciones con diversas especies de Ficus (Moraceae), así como especies de Myodochini (Cervantes y Gámez, 2005) y Ozophorini (Cervantes et al., 2004). Las especies Cryphula trimaculata, C. nitens, Xestocoris collinus, X. punctatus, X. clavatus y Cistalia explanata, especies normalmente pequeñas o medianas se ha colectado en el suelo, debajo de rocas pequeñas y entre la hojarasca de Quercus castanea; son especies fitófagas y algunas se les ha reportado alimentándose de semillas de Ficus sp. (Cervantes y Gámez, 2006). Las especies de la tribu Myodochini son chinches pequeñas, opacas, con fémures anteriores engrosados y frecuentemente mirmecomórficos; se alimentan de semillas maduras y se encuentran fundamentalmente sobre el suelo, pudiéndoseles observar también sobre hierbas, árboles u hojarasca. Se han reportado las especies: Froeschneria piligera, Kolenetrus plenus y Ligyrocoris
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