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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Saskatchewan

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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Saskatchewan A Checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Saskatchewan JAMES R. N. G LASIER 1, 5 , S COTT NIELSEN 2, J OHN H. A CORN 2, L EONID H. B ORYSENKO 3, and TROY RADTKE 4 1Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia 2Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada 3Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada 4Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada 5Corresponding author: [email protected] Glasier, James R. N., Scott Nielsen, John H. Acorn, Leonid H. Borysenko, and Troy Radtke. 2016. A checklist of ants (Hymenop - tera: Formicidae) of Saskatchewan. Canadian Field-Naturalist 130(1): 40–48. Based on field surveys, museum specimens, and published literature, we document 73 ant species in three subfamilies and 12 genera for the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. An additional 16 species are known from surrounding regions and are likely to occur in Saskatchewan. Key Words: Ants; Saskatchewan; checklist; Hymenoptera; Formicidae Introduction (Wheeler and Wheeler 1988) and North Dakota (Wheel - The ant fauna of Saskatchewan, Canada, has been er and Wheeler 1977) identified 76 and 87 species, relatively poorly studied, and, thus, we present a list of respectively. It may be expected that Saskatchewan ant species from the province based on our own field would share similar ant species diversity as that report - surveys, examination of museum specimens, and a ed in the surrounding regions. However, little is known search of the literature. Additional species that are antic - about the ant fauna of the Northwest Territories and ipated in Saskatchewan based on their presence in sur - Nunavut to the north. rounding regions are also noted. Study Area Few published papers provide species-level infor - 2 mation on ants from Saskatchewan. Kidd and Longair Saskatchewan’s surface area is 651 900 km , and the (1997) examined boreal ants, identifying five species. province includes four main ecozones: prairie, boreal Both Radtke et al. (2014) and Glasier and Acorn (2014) plains, boreal shield, and taiga shield (Figure 1). The examined grassland ants and listed 13 and 33 species, ecozones differ as follows. respectively. Several ecological studies (Ferguson 2000, The prairie ecozone is characterized by mixed grass - lands to the south and aspen parkland in the north. The 2001, 2004; Chikoski et al. 2006) have dealt with ants southern grasslands are dominated by wheatgrasses and in Saskatchewan, but they did not identify them to speargrasses, with wetter areas hosting small shrubs, species. Hansen and Klotz (2005) reviewed Campono - such as Wolf-willow ( Elaeagnus commutata Bernhardi tus species from North America and listed five species ex Rydberg) or Snowberry ( Symphoricarpos spp. Du - for the province, but did not provide specimen locali - ha mel). The northerly aspen parkland is dominated by ties. Likewise, Wheeler and Wheeler (1986) mention fescue grasslands and aspen woodlands. The Cypress Formica planipilis from Saskatchewan, but do not pro - Hills , along the southwestern edge of the province, are vide a locality. In their taxonomic reviews of Lasius , also found in this ecozone. This is the only area of the Wilson (1955) and Wing (1968), report seven Lasius province that remained unglaciated during the last ice species from southern Saskatchewan locations. In addi - age, and because of its elevation, it is covered in Lodge - tion, Francoeur’s (1 973) review of fusca -group Formica pole Pine ( Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon), aspen reported three species in the province. With this patch - (Populus spp. L), and White Spruce ( Picea glauca work of studies, it is difficult to assess the diversity of (Moench) Voss) forests (Saskatchewan Conservation ants found in the province. Data Centre 2014). Ant fauna from the regions bordering Saskatchewan, The boreal plain ecozone is a mix of boreal forest, however, are relatively well reported. A preliminary farmland, and peatlands. In the southern areas, aspen checklist (Wheeler et al. 1989) of ants in Manitoba (to forests dominate, with some White Spruce ( Picea glau - the east) identifies 52 species, while a key for Alberta ca (Moench) Voss) or Black Spruce ( Picea mariana (to the west) lists 93 species (Glasier et al. 2013). Ant (Miller) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburgh). Northward in lists from the southern bordering states of Montana this zone, peatlands with Tamarack ( Larix laricina (Du A contribution towards the cost of this publication has been provided by the Thomas Manning Memorial Fund of the Ottawa Field-Naturalist’s Club. 40 ©The Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club (2016) 20 16 GLASIER ET AL .: A NTS OF SASKATCHEWAN 41 FIGURE 1: Sampled localities in Saskatchewan. Locality numbers are matched with species records in the checklist of ants. Roi) K. Koch) and Black Spruce are common in low- Precambrian bedrock and is considered transitional be - lying areas, whereas elevated areas are dominated by tween boreal and tundra zones. Lowland woodlands mixed aspen and White Spruce forests. Jack Pine are composed of Jack Pine, Black Spruce, and sporadic (Pinus banksiana Lambert) and spruce woodlands are White Spruce stands. At higher elevations and further spora dic, and found in areas with sandy soils north, boreal forest transitions to tundra of mostly short (Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 2014). Black Spruce woodlands with lichen understory (Sas - The boreal shield ecozone is covered in numerous katchewan Conservation Data Centre 2014). freshwater lakes. It is vegetated by a mix of Jack Pine and Black Spruce in sandy soil areas. In wet, low-lying Methods areas, Tamarack and Black Spruce peatlands are com - There are few collections of ants in Saskatchewan, mon, while White Birch ( Betula papyrifera Marshall) and we were able to examine only the holdings at the and Black Spruce forests are found in drier areas University of Saskatchewan (Uo fSASK; specimens (Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 2014). collected in the 1950s). A set of specimens in vials, The taiga shield ecozone encompasses the northern awaiting pinning and identification at the Agriculture part of Saskatchewan. It is an area of thin soils over and Agri-Food Canada Research Station, Saskatoon, 42 THE CANADIAN FIELD -N ATURALIST Vol. 130 was not examined. Neither the University of Regina betically, along with the source of the record. If a local - nor the Royal Saskatchewan Museum insect collec - ity is not given, we provide a short explanation of why tions contained any known ant collections. the species is included in the list. Locality number is Collections of Saskatchewan ants housed outside given before the locality name (“#. locality”) and Saskatchewan included those at the University of matches the numbers in Figure 1. Alberta, the University of Calgary, the Royal Alberta SUBFAMILY DOLICHODERINAE Museum, and the Canadian National Collection of Genus Dolichoderus Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. The University of Both Dolichoderus species listed are expected in Alberta’s E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum Saskatchewan because of their presence in Eastern (UASM) has close to 100 ants from three main local - Canada as well as Alberta (Glasier et al. 2013; LHB, ities. The University of Calgary Entomology Collection unpublished observation). Members of this genus are (BDCU) comprises about 70 specimens from four local - rather easy to identify, because of the “shelf” on their ities. The Royal Alberta Museum Entomology Collec - propodeum (MacKay 1993; Fisher and Cover 2007). tion (PMAE) contains ants primarily from Grasslands Found most often in conifer forests, they often form National Park and includes several hundred specimens. long foraging lines and often farm homopterans on The Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids plants (Fisher and Cover 2007). and Nematodes (CNC) has 2740 ant specimens from Dolichoderus plagiatus (Mayr) 1870 — Expected but 60 Saskatchewan localities. not confirmed: found in Alberta (LHB, unpublished In addition, we undertook two ant surveys: one at observation) and Manitoba (Wheeler et al. 1989). Cree Lake (Glasier and Nielsen) in 2010 and one at the Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr) 1866 — Expected Great Sand Hills (Glasier and Acorn) in 2012. Voucher but not confirmed: found in Alberta (Gla sier et al. specimens from these surveys have been deposited in 2013) and Manitoba (Wheeler et al. 1989). the E. H. Strickland Museum at the University of Alber - ta. In total, ant species are reported from 79 localities across the province (Figure 1). Genus Tapinoma Tapinoma sessile is one of the most widespread Results and Discussion species in North America (Fisher and Cover 2007). It Overview of the Ant Fauna can sometimes be a minor pest in houses and is com - Based on sampling, examination of the literature, monly called the Odorous House Ant because of the and museum collections, there are 73 species of ants, strong “blue cheese” or “coconut” odour they produce from 12 genera, and three subfamilies known from when crushed (Ellison et al. 2012). Saskatchewan. An additional 16 species and five gen - Tapinoma sessile (Say) 1836 — 3. Aylesbury (CNC), 5. era are expected to be found in the province, as they Buffalo Pound Provincial Park (CNC), 10. Clear - are present in surrounding regions. The richest genus is water Lake (BDCU), 11. Cree Lake (UASM), 12. Formica , with 33 recorded species. Other species-rich Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park (CNC), 13. Del - genera include Camponotus , Lasius , and Myrmica . Of isle (BDCU), 19. Estevan (CNC), 27. Grasslands the reported 73 ant species, all are believed to be indige - National Park (PMAE; UASM), 28. Great Sand Hills nous. (UASM), 31. Indian Head (CNC), 38. Laura (CNC), Comparison with surrounding regions, especially 50. Ogema (CNC), 54. Prelate (BDCU), 59. Roadene Alberta (Glasier et al. 2013), implies that 90 or more (CNC), 63. Saint Victor (CNC), 65. Saskat che wan species are most likely found in the province.
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