N,

"DIRECTOkY," DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY

ADDRESS 'University, FINANCIACAID —Loa n,'Scholarship, 600 Forbes Avenue Pittsburg] Pa .15282 4e Stu clent'Fmplo^,^n JTV, ApphL!ions PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA ^elephoneJ '611jqpecific numb&(se6 following) Xchninistration Building,- Ground Flo^'r, for other ofi^ces,' call,434-6000 Tclep^one (412) 434-6667^ XDMI'SSION—Director of Domestic and OFFICE OF FRESHMAN,EXPERIENCE-

-Jntf^rnational Admissions," uques^e,Unjon',. Thrrd,Floor, Administration Building, First Floor, Tjleph^ne' (412'),43476657, 4 11Telepho6e (412),434"622016221/^222, OFFI I CE OWGREEK I LIFE (Outside of 412 Xfe,'Code')^' U 1(800) 456-0590 D 'clluesne Union, Third'171^or ACAD'EVIC AI)ViSE.F^'T ",Telepbo^j (412) 434 6651. AND REFERRAL CFNTER^ v GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS— Administration Building Gc^und,Flo`or' I' *,,Xclmmistration , Building T^ird'Floor Telephon^ (412),434-639,4/6395,- TelepAone (412) 43;'50^7 I " ADVI^()R"S ' "" '1,HEALTFl4RVICF`' ' "' " ,^ !'^ ^ 1 ".4 i;o College of'Liberal Arts and Sciences,,, - DuqL' iesne5owers, Second 'F 0 r College,11all, Robm^ 215 Tele^hohe' '(412) 434-1650 Telephon( (4i2) 434'^i89/6390 ""I'D'ENTIFIC^YIO^ C 'School of Buqiuesls Administration, 9 public,^afet^ Building 'Rock'well, Hall, Roorn 801' 1 Te 1 e pl^o'ne' (412)'414 -6i9 Telephone (412) 43^-62^7/6' ^7^ School of,E^ucatton,,Canevin Hall,' Roorn -213 INFORMATION,'CENTERIFor Onrv^rsit^ Event^, t TeepI cire"'(4i2)i^4-6119/61i')h' D uquesn e'Union Third^(Floor, Ranges Sch^oll,,pf,'^eaith'S,cienc"e^" Telephone (412),434-6632 '1663311, HeaA'Sciences Bldg ^,Roorn 307 IJN^E^^AIONALEDUCATION' ADVISOR—,, T eI ep'hone (i12) 4i4-^534/66^^'-' Sixth-Foor DuquesnqUnio n School, oi, Mu'sic, Room 302 ­`ieleplione (^12)`43426113 ^Telep'^one' (i12),434-60k LEARNIN&SA , , - I ILLSK PROGWAM—," ScEool of Nurgii^g, College,Hall, Room 637A ssumption Hall' - ^ , I cy,ielephone '(412)Pha,_,ra, ,434-6346/6347 , ' "' i I,',^ 4",^?i ,,Telephone (4i2)_43 " "4764' 176^36^1, , ^chool ^yf , 4 ^,,, ^,, e t, , ^, 1, ", , ^1 ^,) " r, rPSYCHOLOdCAII, COUNSELING' Mellon i-I ^11 Of"Science,'Rn , " oom,410, 410B V,",, t^l Center 6rsTesting 'and,'Rekarc^^-,, Teleph^ne (412),434-6380/(d08 v,,, Telephone (41^) 434-^656^ ROTCRoSwell Hall,^Room 160 ^1 V, , ", ^, _^4^ I ,, - , , PUBLIC" 'R'F^ATIONS— Tele'P ^one J412) 434-6664 / 6665 a , , I drinnisti t^Z;n BLIchn qUesntBOOKSTOR^—D^ Union, Second'FI gor e^' TA'e ^ph-^, on e '^(412) ^34-^66' 'Telephone (412—) 434-6626 '—PUBLIC, SAFETY _Public, Saf6^v fiuliding CAMPUS MINI^TR^ ­ TeI e'pIione ' I A412^'434'6001'/6002/6003 'Administr'a't c^q Building,f First F1'oor t 11 Telephone 412) 434-6020 EGISTRAR F6r,^ranscripts,ands Records,11. A^mi^istratio%' Building,' ' ` '^ Ground' Floor ;CAREER PLANNING"AND PLACLMENT^, I-1^ TLle-14one (41^)'434'6214,(Tia^scrip't^), ",j Ro LkNkell Hall ' ' -" I p T,"II 1_' 434-6212 (General Office f Tele^6ne (412) 4344i4/6645/(6'64'6'/'6'647 J t RESIDE ^NGE bf`e—Assui^ption Hall/First Floor 0\SHIhR ^-Pavme 'o f'T,;riio_ a" d F,es,", 1 Tel'e^h^c;ne (412) 434-6655/5028, al ,,Adm n istration Building Grour^d Floor Telep'hone" (412^ 434-6585/658616587/6588" ',^`,STUID'E^^IEA I LTH' RANCE— A'I,ysical Plant Buildi6g COMMUTER'AFFAIRS— T'Ie ep hon'e , (412)'434'6677" Duquesne,Unionl^ Third Floor '-Telephone (412) 434-6660' TESTING BUREAU— A^m lm,t,ah ^^,Bu illing,-Th i^d -Floor CONTINGING F DUCATION' 'Telep'b6ne "(4^12),434-6204)6208" Rockv%ell Hall Seventl^'Flo or Telephon'e (4i2) 434-5034 "COUNSELIKG/T^41NG CE'NT^'^_ Administration Bmldi^g, ThrrXf^loor T4 Telephone (412) 434-6204/6208

All Degrees and Programs Offered in the University 1W SCHOOL BACHELOR'S DEGREE MASTER'S DEGREE DOCTORATE

Adverhsing Media Performance B o hernistr^ Media Production Z iogy Microbiology Broadcast Orgam,ationat journalism Communication Chemistry Philosophy Classics Physics Classical Political Science Cndmation Print journalism Communication Psychology Corporate Public Relations Communication Sociology College of C mputer Science Concentration J^ Economics Liberal Arts F 0' in Sociology and Sciences ^nglish Criminal Justice French Human German Services/ Greek Gerontology Spanish Hlsto'Latin Thcolog^ Mathematics World Literature Biochemistry History Chemistry

Media Manage Biology Archival English Chemistry Museum and Formative Communication Editing Studies Spmo`ilitv Graduate English Liberal Studies Formative School of Forensic Philosophy Spiritult1tv Chemistry Liberal Psychology with Con

Art, and Formative Social and ceritrabon in Sciences Spirituality Public Pblic^ Sacred Music Theology Philosophy Pastoral Psycholog^

Accounting Logistics Economics Management Finance M—gement General Business Information Administration Systems Master of Master of Science

Schoolof Human Resource Mirketing; Business in Management As the educational process from admission through graduation, requires continuing review and ap- Business Management Real Estate Administration Information University officials, the provisions of this catalog are to be considered directive Administration International (M B A Systems propriate approval by Business (M 5 in M 15 1 in character The University, therefore, reserves the right to change requirements and regulations, Law Administration/ contained herein, including fees, tuition, and board and rooni, and to deternune whether an individual Pre Leeal has satisfactorily inet the requirenients for admission or graduation Counselor Ed Educational Studies Community School Admin I, rly Childhood Education Elementa, Elementary and NOTICE OF NONDISCRIMINATORY POLICY Eicinentary Education Pastoral Secondary Scher,^dcica!lu ouI Secondary Education Secondary School Ps^chology Duquesne University does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, sex, national or ethnic Special Education Elementary School Supervision (Mentally and/or Reading and Secondary origin, handicap, disability, or age (as provided by law), nor in the administration of its admissions Physically Language Arts Secondary/Special 11F and educational policies, scholarship and loan progranis, and athletic or other University-sponsored Handicapped) Religious Education Education/OCD Post Masters for progranis It ad"uts individuals to all rights and privileges, progrants, and activities generally accorded Certification or inade available to students at the school Bachelor of Science in Masters of School of Athletic Training Health Information Sciences S[C..Itce, Health Sciences Occupational Therapy NOTICE OF RIGHT TO PRIVACY Perfusion Technology Physical Therapy in Assistant Under the Faintly Educational Rights and Privacy Act, access to student records by non-University personnel is restricted unless granted by the student, or dependency of the student is demonstrated Music Ed cation Performance Music Education by a parent or guardian Theory Classical Music Therapy Composition School of J Music ­ Performance Sacred Sacred Music POLICY ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT Sound Recording Tiechoologv Artist Diploma No nieniber of the Duquesne University Continunity niay sexually harass another Any eniployee

'School'ofhirsm Bachelor,,of g5ciency Mas er of Science or student,will be subject to disciplinary action for violation of this policy Questions or coniplatnts No in ------mtNursmg (M S N) of sexual harassnient should be directed to the University's Affirtnative Action Officer

___TChnicM Pharmacy] Pharmacy Inforniation contained in this catalog is accurate to the date of publication =a-" (Phorm D)

Medicinal Chemistr) Medicinal Chemistry Published annually by Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 Pharmac eutical G r=,Sc,b hool of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Chemistry Pharmaceutics cat Sciences Pharmaccutics Pharrracologv Toxicology Pharmacology — Toxicology

Juris Doctor V IV

AcademicA - Calendars Contents Fall 1992 — Summer 1993

FALL SEMESTER — 1992 CALENDAR iv Classes Begin August 31 (Monday) Labor Day Holiday September 7 (Monday) I GENERAL INFORMATION I All Saints Day November 1 Holy Day (Sunday) 11 ADMISSION, FINANCIAL AID 7 Thanksgiving Holiday November 25-28 immaculate Conception December 8 (Tuesday) III REGISTRATION, SCHOLASTIC POLICIES 21 Holy Day Final Exams December 14-19 IV TUITION AND FEES 28 Commencement December 22 (Tuesday) V STUDENT LIFE PROGRAMS, SERVICES AND ORGANIZATIONS SPRING SEMESTER — 1993 32 Classes Begin January 8 (Friday) VI CAMPUS MINISTRY 38 Martin Luther King January 18 (Monday) Holiday VII PROGRAMS AND COURSES 39 Spring Break March 8-13 Core Curriculum 39 Easter Holiday April 8-12 Integrated Honors Program 41 Thursday Class April 27 (Tuesday) Concentrated Studies 41 Schedule Followed English As A Second Language Program Monday Class April 28 (Wednesday) 42 Schedule Followed Liberal Arts and Sciences 44 Final Exams April 29 - May 5 Business Administration 96 Commencement May 8 (Saturday) Education 115 Music 123 — 1993 SUMMER SEMESTER Nursing 139 May 12 (Wednesday) Summer Term Begins Pharmacy 152 Ascension Holy Day May 27 (Thursday) Health Sciences 164 Memorial Day Holiday May 31 (Monday) ROTC 180 Independence Day July 5 (Monday) Continuing Education 183 Holiday (Observance) End of 12 week term August 6 (Friday) VIII DIRECTORIES 188 Assumption Holy Day August 15 (Sunday) Directors & Officers 188 Faculty and Administration 189 INDEX 219

The provisions of this catalog are to be considered directive in character The University reserves the right to make any changes that seem necessary or desirable, including fees, tuition and room and board Faculty listings contained in this catalog are current as of Spring 1992

Please refer to the current schedule of classes booklet for detailed academic calendar dates and deadlines GENERAL INFORMATION

It is Duquesne University's special trust to seek Part 1: General truth and to disseminate knowledge within a moral and spiritual framework in order to prepare leaders Information distinguished not only by their academic and pro- fessional expertise but also by their ethics, and guided by consciences sensitive to the needs of HISTORY society Duquesne University first opened its doors as the Therefore, Duquesne is a community of students, Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost in faculty, administrators, and others who are willing October 1878 with an enrollment of 40 students and to make these commitments a faculty of seven From a humble original location o To create undergraduate and graduate education on Wylie Avenue in the City's Uptown section to of the highest quality in liberal and professional its present beautifully seff-contamed campus, disciplines Duquesne provides a hilltop vista overlooking one * To examine the moral and ethical foundations of the nation's most attractive cities of their thought and action, and to develop their per- Today Duquesne University is a progressive, sonal values and ethical commitment educational facility which has more than tripled • TO participate in an ecumenical dialogue open from its early 12 5 acres to its present, self-enclosed to all beliefs 40-acre campus "Bluff" site Duquesne was cited by • To extend educational opportunities to those USA Today as having the safest campus in Penn- with special financial, educational, and physical sylvania and one of the safest campuses in the needs nation 9 To promote world community through the Several renovations have recently taken place and development of an international and intercultural have added to Duquesne's already-rich physical vision of the global needs and international respon- plant, including a state-of-the-art health sciences sibilities for peace, justice, and freedom facility, two parking garages, a multi-purposed Duquesne serves God by serving students — recreation center, a victorian campus throughway through an academic community dedicated to excel- and a theatre/classroom complex lence in liberal and professional education, through Recently named one of the top ten Catholic profound concern for moral and spiritual values, universities in the United States, Duquesne's through the maintenance of an ecumenical atmos- academics are recognized both nationally and inter- phere open to diversity, and through service to the nationally As a result of its academic excellence Church, the community, the nation, and the world known worldwide, the University has signed Duquesne offers a wide variety of programs and agreements with institutions around the globe curricula from which students may select freely in including Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, accordance with their interests, capabilities and Ireland, England, China, Japan and Italy as well as goals in life the new Commonwealth of Independent States Complemented by a broad spectrum of nonaca- Duquesne's recent growth has been tremendous demic activities and programs, the curriculum at with more than 8,000 students in nine schools of Duquesne University is designed to prepare young study, including the College of Liberal Arts and men and women who, upon entering their chosen Sciences (1878), Graduate School of Liberal Arts and careers, will possess a broad, well-balanced and fully Sciences (1911), and the Schools of Law (1911), integrated education and perspective of themselves Business Administration (1913), Pharmacy (1925), and the world Music (1926), Education (1929), Nursing (1937), and the School of Health Sciences (1990) Duquesne's POLICY STATEMENT ON nine schools offer degree programs on the bac- INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION calaureate, professional, master's and doctoral levels The mission of Duquesne University's founders, (the Spintans), has always included service to peoples SUMMARY STATEMENT OF MISSION outside of the United States Duquesne University AND GOALS also is committed to providing an educational envi- Duquesne University of the Holy Ghost is a Catholic ronment which recognizes cultural and national university, founded by members of the Spiritan pluralism Congregation, and sustained through a partnership Duquesne welcomes qualified students from of laity and religious throughout the world and encourages its students The motto of Duquesne University is Spiritus est and faculty to take advantage of opportunities to qui vivificat, "It is the Spirit that gives life " Enriching study and teach abroad the life of the mind and the life of the spirit of every The University believes that the sharing of the member of its community is the mission of multiple traditions and mores of societies is an in- Duquesne valuable element in the educational process THE UNIVERSITY SETTING GENERAL INFORMATION

In a world that is growing ever smaller, it is im- The success of the various professional and major The Psychology Counseling Center houses the Laval House houses the Spiritan Vocation Office perative that Duquesne reach out to peoples of dif- college sports teams has won for Pittsburgh the title University's Center for Training and Research in ferent cultures to afford them the opportunity to of "City of Champions" The The Library Resource Center, dedicated in 1978, is 1971 and 1979 World Phenomenological Psychology, a facility operated by acquire educational experiences not otherwise a modern, attractive five-story structure that signaled Champion Pirates and four-time Super Bowl Cham- Duquesne's renowned Department of Psychology available to them Interaction among international pion Steelers play at Three Rivers Stadium The the crowning achievement of the University's expan- and American faculty and students will enrich all Penguins (Stanley Cup Champions) perform in the Des Places Communications Center, dedicated in sion and redevelopment program Housed in over and enhance their ability to be better citizens of our nearby Civic Arena, one of the largest indoor sports 1982, houses the Department of Communication 100,000 square feet of space is a collection of over shared world arenas in the United States and one of the few retrac- and the production and broadcasting studios of 549,373 volumes, more than 4,305 journal titles, and Duquesne University asserts its commitment to table domes in the world The Duquesne Dukes play WDUQ-FM, an affiliate of National Public Radio an extensive microprmt and audiovisual collection develop and maintain programs, services and prac- their season in the new on-campus facility, The (NPR) Named in honor of the founder of the Holy The facility also contains a number of special col- tices which promote and express respect for persons Palumbo Center Facilities for such participatory Ghost Congregation, the center also features a jour- lections, including the African Collection on African of diverse cultures and backgrounds and which pro- sports as tennis, golf, running, hiking, skiing, nalism laboratory, a fully equipped color television culture, society and politics, the Rabbi Herman vide educational bridges linking the peoples of the skating, and many others are available throughout studio, a simulation laboratory, an instructional Hailperin Collection on Medieval Christian and world the Pittsburgh area photo laboratory^ seminar rooms, and a graphic arts Jewish intellectual and religious thought, the Silver- classroom man Center collection of world literature in I The Duquesne Towers, a 17-story, air-conditioned phenomenology, and the justice Michael A Mus- PHYSICAL FACILITIES manno Collection THE UNIVERSITY SETTING double-tower residence for 1,200 men and women The Administration Building, "Old Main," was the featuring separate housing wings, was dedicated in With seating capacity for approximately 1,000 Located adjacent to downtown Pittsburgh, patrons, including graduate study carrels and con- first building constructed on the Duquesne campus, 1970 The facility features a full-size indoor swim- Duquesne University's modern hilltop campus is dedicated in 1885 Recently renovated, it houses the rning pool with a sundeck, offices of the Residence ference facilities, the new Library constitutes a readily accessible to the business, entertainment and Executive Offices of the University, Office of Admis- Life Division, an office of Campus Ministry, the highly functional facility that should remain respon- shopping centers of the city, while still offering stu- sions, Registrar's Office, Campus Ministry, Business Campus Health Services area,, a main student sive to the needs of the Duquesne community for dents the privacy and peace of its own self-enclosed Offices, Counseling and Testing Center, Acaderruc Ad- lounge and smaller lounges on each floor, tele- many years to come Architects for the Library 40-acre site visement and Referral Center, Financial Aid Office, and phones in each room, and a resident dining hall Resource Center, Gerard-Nagar Associates, were Long noted as one of the world's great corporate the Pittsburgh Chapter of the American the offices of University Events, Alumm, Development, with a 2,500 student capacity cited by centers, Pittsburgh combines the features of urban Institute of Architects for creative design in their and Public Relations Adjoining the building is the The Duquesne Union, a modern architectural facil- living with many of the charms and personal renovation and expansion of the original structure, University Chapel, which offers daily Mass ity with an innovative concrete and glass design, characteristics of a much smaller town One of the an old garage and warehouse constructed in the is the center of campus activities and student life largest corporate headquarter centers in the U S , A J Palumbo Center dedicated in 1988, is the home 1920s into the present facility The Music School, Dedicated in 1967, it houses the offices of Student Pittsburgh was also shown, in a recent survey by of the Duquesne Dukes basketball team In addi- the Edward Hanley Hall and College Hall also Life, International Education and various student Rand-McNally to be America^s most livable city tion to the Duke's home court, the center serves as resulted from conversions of older structures organizations and interest groups Facilities include Students from Duquesne and the other colleges a recreational facility for students, faculty and staff In September 1990 the Library completed installa- meeting rooms, information center, bookstore, and universities in the city can choose from a wide The 6,200-seat arena also houses intramural activ- tion of a CD-ROM Center which contains 15 net- cafeteria, art gallery, and a recreation center which range of cultural events and institutions ities, racquetball and squash courts, a weight room, worked workstations This configuration is designed features four bowling lanes, video arcade as well as The world-renowned Pittsburgh Symphony Or- exercise room, sauna, and locker facilities The arena to permit users to access the Library's data files that other games chestra, Pittsburgh Opera, and Pittsburgh Ballet is also a convocation facility that allows the entire are available on CD-ROM disks from any one of the Theatre all perform regularly in the elegant Heinz University to come together for major events The G & G Building houses the Physical Plant 15 points Hall for the Performing Arts and the Benedum Office, Parking Office, and Environmental Health McCloskey Field, dedicated in the mid-1970s, and Center The theatregoer can choose from produc- Assumption Hall, the oldest residence hall on cam- and Safety Risk Management renovated in 1988, is the center for outdoor intra- tions of the Pittsburgh Public Theatre, local college pus, was dedicated in 1956 A four-story structure Health Sciences Building, dedicated in 1991, mural activity The field now is made up of artificial drama departments and programs, and a wide var- with a 280-student capacity, the facility has its own resulted from the renovation of the old Gymnasium turf and is surrounded by a practice track used by iety of summer and afterdinner club theatres recreation area, and offers both single and double The three-story building is the home of the John G the University track team Other athletic facilities Seasonal events include the Three Rivers and occupancy rooms The Learning Skills Center is also Rangos, Sr School of Health Sciences with its include three self-enclosed tennis courts and two Shadyside arts festivals, and the International Folk housed there departments of health information sciences, occu- outdoor basketball courts, one of which is converted Festival, three prestigious events which draw Canevin Hall, the oldest classroom building on cam- pational therapy, perfusion technology, physical for street hockey in the winter months national attention pus, was built in 1922 therapy, physician assistant, and a program in and completely renovated in The Parking Garage, dedicated in the fall of 1987, Duquesne students can visit such points of interest 1968 A four-story building, it houses the School of athletic training The building provides faculty and is located on Forbes Avenue at Hooper Street and as The Pittsburgh Zoo, Carnegie Museum of Art and Education, Curriculum Library Reading Clinic and staff offices, teaching and research laboratories, stu- provides the University with 775 parking spaces History, Scalfe Gallery, the Conservatory Aviary, Guidance and Counseling Clinic as well as the dent study rooms and two classrooms Carnegie Science Center and Buhl Planetarium, The eight-story garage is equipped with an eleva- Department of Theology The Edward J Hanley Hall, dedicated in 1982, Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Museum, tor and walk-way connected to the north entrance resulted from the renovation and expansion of the Duquesne Incline and Phipps Conservatory College Hall, a six-story classroom and office build- of the Duquesne Union building allowing easy old University Library building The new facility Directly across the river from campus is Mount ing dedicated in 1970, is the seat of the College of access to Duquesne's hilltop campus houses School of Law faculty and administrative Washington, Pittsburgh^s highest point, which offers Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Graduate School The Public Safety Building is headquarters for the offices, research and study rooms, two large amphi- a spectacular view of the city and its surroundings, of Liberal Arts and Sciences, housing the majority University's Public Safety Office and the I D Center theatre lecture halls, interview rooms, seminar and particularly at night of their individual departments and faculties The classroom areas, and a moot courtroom The greatly Richard King Mellon Hall of Science, an attractive, Market Square, a redeveloped area in the heart School of Nursing is located on the sixth floor Spe- expanded law library is the most accessible one of four-story structure dedicated in 1968, houses the of downtown Pittsburgh, and the Oakland- cial instructional facilities include a Writing/Com- its kind in the city, with its central location and con- departments of biological sciences, chemistry, phys- Shadyside area in the eastern end of the city are two puter Laboratory, an interactive Language Labora- venient hours The law fibrary is open to members ics, and the School of Pharmacy Designed by one of the major entertainment and nightlife centers tory, nursing laboratories and two lecture halls of the local bench and bar, as well as law students of the world's most renowned architects, Mies van

ACCREDITATION AND AFFILIATION GENERAL INFORMATION

der Rohe, the building won the "Laboratory of the Menibership Menibership American Music Center Year" award in 1969 Instructional facilities include American Association of Collegiate Registrars American Association of Colleges for Teacher National Opera Association two large amphitheatre-style lecture halls with seat- and Admissions Officers Education Pennsylvania Music Educators Association ing capacities of 175 each, well-equipped labora- American Council on Education Association of Independent Liberal Arts Pennsylvania Arts Coalition tories, and a science computer facility Catholic College Coordinating Council Colleges for Teacher Education College Entrance Examination Board School of Nursing The Music School, dedicated in 1967, has over 80 International Council on Education for Teaching Council for Advancement and Support of Accreditation pianos, five organs, and over 300 orchestral and The Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Education National League for Nursing band instruments available for student use Indi- Teacher Educators vidual and group practice areas are available in the Council of Independent Colleges and Universities Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing building, along with acoustically equipped class- Middle States Association of Collegiate Regis- Rangos School of Health Sciences Menibership trars and Officers of Admission American Association of Colleges of Nursing rooms Performances are given throughout the Accreditation school year in the recital hall which is equipped with National Association of College Admission The Committee on Allied Health Education and National League for Nursing (Council of Counselors two Steinway concert grands The Center for Music Accreditation of the American Medical Associa- Baccalaureate and Higher Degree Programs) National Association of College and University Pennsylvania Higher Education Nursing Technology, which houses a Music Learning tion in collaboration with the joint Review Com- Business Officers Resource Center, an Electronic Piano Lab, and a Syn- mittee on Education in Athletic Training of the Schools, Inc National Association of Foreign Student thesizer and Recording Studio, features state-of-the- National Athletic Trainers Association Board of Administrators School of Pharmacy art synthesizers, sequencers, samplers and audio Certification National Association of Student Personnel Accreditation equipment The Committee on Allied Health Education and American Council on Pharmaceutical Education Administrators Accred^tation of the American Medical Associa- Rockwell Hall, dedicated in 1958, is a 10-story struc- Pennsylvania State Board of Pharmacy National Association of Student Financial Aid tion in collaboration with the Council of Educa- ture which houses the School of Business Admmis- Menibership Administrators tion of the American Health Information Manage- tration and whose skywalk connects downtown American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Pennsylvania Association of Catholic College ment Association Pittsburgh with Duquesne's campus Its Business Admissions Oficers The Committee on Allied Health Education and Division of Continuing Education Simulation Laboratory contains 12 conference rooms Pennsylvania Association of Colleges and Accreditation of the American Medical Associa- Menibership equipped with television cameras and microphones Universities tion in collaboration with the Accreditation Com- American Association for Paralegal Education for observation and recording of activity in the indi- Pennsylvania Association of Student mittee of the American Occupational Therapy American Council on Higher Education vidual rooms Rockwell Hall also houses a vending Financial Aid Administrators Association Continuing Education Association of Pennsylvania machine center, the Business School's student Pittsburgh Council of Higher Education The Committee on Allied Health Education and National Academic Advising Association lounge, two modern computer laboratories of the Accreditation of the American Medical Associa- North American Association of Summer Sessions School of Business Administration, Center for Com- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences tion in collaboration with the joint Review Com- Approval munications and Information Technology, the Divi- Accreditation mittee on Perfusion Education American Bar Association sion of Continuing Education, Career Planning and American Chemical Society The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Paralegal Institute Placement, Printing and Graphics Department, the Menibership Therapy Education of the American Physical Mailing Center, the Mills Complex, Institute of American Association for Higher Education Therapy Association Formative Spirituality, the University Archives, American Association for State and Local The Committee on Allied Health Education and EVENING STUDY ROTC, University Press, and University Purchasing History Accreditation of the American Medical Associa- Duquesne University offers evening classes for full Department American Conference of Academic Deans tion in collaboration with the American Academy and part-time students each semester and during American Historical Association St Ann's Hall, dedicated in 1964, is a two-wing, of Family Physicians, the American Academy of the Summer Session The following undergraduate American Society of Journalism School three-story coed dormitory with its own laundry Pediatrics, the American Academy of Physician degrees are able to be completed through evening Administrators area, several lounges and television rooms, a recre- Assistants, the American College of Physicians, study Association of American Colleges ation area, snack area, and attractive grounds Dou- the American College of Surgeons and the Association of Departments of English ble and single rooms are available Association of Physician Assistant Programs College of Arts & Sciences The Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania Bachelor of Science in Computer Science St Martin's Hall, a 14-story residence, provides National Collegiate Honors Council School of Music Applications Corporate, Scientific housing for graduate and law students, as well as Organization of American Historians Accreditation Bachelor of Arts in Corporate Communication non-Duquesne students from other Pittsburgh aca- National Association of Schools of Music Bachelor of Arts in Psychology demic and vocational institutions A j Palumbo School of Business Administration National Association for Music Therapy Bachelor of Arts in Sociology Accreditation Trinity Hall, dedicated in 1952, is the residence of Pennsylvania Department of Education Concentrations Criminal justice, Human Ser- American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of the Holy Ghost Fathers who serve the University Meniberships: vices/ Gerontology, Sociology Business as administrators and teachers The grounds of the American Association for Music Therapy Accreditation Council School of Business Administration Percussive Arts Society hall include an attractive mall and grotto Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Menibership Music Industry Conference Concentrations Accounting, Economics, Finance, ACCREDITATION AND AFFILIATION Middle Atlantic Association of Colleges of Pennsylvania Alliance for Arts Education Business Administration Human Resource Management, International Pennsylvania Collegiate Choral Association University Business, Law Administration, Management, Association for Supervisory & Curriculum Accreditation School of Education Management Information Systems, Marketing, Development Middle States Association of Colleges and Accreditation Real Estate Pennsylvania Federation of Music Clubs Schools Middle States Association of Colleges and Association of Pennsylvania Orchestras School of Education State Board of Education of the Pennsylvania Schools College Music Society Bachelor of Science in Education Department of Education Pennsylvania Department of Education Center for Black Music Certification Elementary Education

SUMMER SESSIONS ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID

Division of Continuing Education I acadermc and administrative applications including EARLY DECISION Bachelor of Science in Professional Studies a variety of relational database tools, language com- Plart 11: Students who desire Duquesne University as their The Bachelor of Science in Professional Studies pilers, statistical packages, financial modelling Admission and first choice for college should consider the Early is designed for adult students who seek flexibility packages and graphics packages Twenty-two com- Decision plan This plan requires that the student in a bachelor's degree program Students are pro- puter labs distributed across campus provide access apply by November 15 of his/her senior year The to nearly 350 Financial Aid vided the opportunity to customize plans of study IBM and Apple micro computers and student is notified of the decision by December 15, DEC to meet personal and professional goals A strong and NeXT workstations and over 50 terminals and is required to send his/her non-refundable foundation in both business and the liberal arts In addition to this equipment, over 350 terminals deposit within two weeks This offers the candidate allows students to individually design two major and personal computers are used in the Administra- Admission the advantage of knowing of the admissions deci- areas of study, designated as concentrations Con- tion for registration, admissions, financial aid and sion early in his/her senior year centrations are designed in conjunction with an financial record keeping OFFICE OF ADMISSIONS Duquesne University has a campus wide fiber academic advisor and are available in a wide range The Office of Domestic and International Admis- APPLICATION—NEW FIRST-YEAR optic network that connects over 90% of the of business and/or liberal arts subjects sions is located on the first floor of the Administra- STUDENTS For additional information regarding evening academic buildings and all residence hall rooms to tion Building study, please contact the Office of Evening & Sum- the national and international instructional and Applications should be addressed to the Director Telephone (412) 434-6220, 434-6221, 434-6^222 mer Programs, 701 research computing networks including the National of Domestic and International Admissions, Du- Rockwell Hall, at 434-6232 (800) 456-0590 (Outside of 412 Area Code) Supercomputing Centers Duquesne is one of less quesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 Fax (412) 434-5644 than 5% of colleges and universities in the nation An application may be submitted at any time dur- SUMMER SESSIONS Office hours Monday through Friday from 8 30 that provides in the room connections for students ing the candidates' senior year up to July 1, for the Many undergraduate and graduate courses are AM to430PM The next phase of the project calls for connections Fall semester offered each summer in most areas They are open for all faculty and staff offices as well as connections The application procedure is as follows to qualified Duquesne students and to those from POLICY from public laboratories 1 Obtain, complete, and file the Application for other colleges and universities The Center provides a professional staff to serve It is the policy of Duquesne University to admit Admission with the Office of Admissions The sessions, of varying length, begin in May and Duquesne faculty, administration, students and applicants who are best qualified to profit from run through mid-August For additional informa- 2 Include the $40 non-refundable application fee staff Included in these services are seminars on opportunities which the University offers for intel- tion regarding Summer Sessions, or to request a with the application form International students using the variety of computing environments and lectual, spiritual, and social growth In general, Summer Schedule of Classes, please contact the must pay a $30 non-refundable application fee No resources that are available both on and off campus admission is based upon past academic perfor- Office of Evening & Summer Programs, application will be processed for consideration by 701 Rock- Professional staff and student user consultants are mance, scholastic ability, and personal character- the Committee on Admissions unless accompanied well Hall, at 434-6232 or 1-800-283-3853 istics Information about religious preference, sex, available for consultation regarding use of the by the required fee facilities and services Documentation services pro- racial characteristics, and ethnic origin is not taken 3 Request the secondary school principal or guid- CENTER FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND vide 'how-to-use' information in each public com- into consideration by the Comnuttee on Admissions INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY puter laboratory ance counselor to submit a transcript of the candi- date's academic record A recommendation is The Center for Communications and Information In 1986-87 the University approved a long range ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS requested Technology provides facilities for and guidance in plan to replace the then existing computing and 1 A candidate should have been graduated from the use of computing and communications equip- communications systems The installation of the an approved secondary school in the upper three- 4 Complete the required SAT or ACT examina- ment for the University's instructional, research, and DEC5810 and 5500 couple with the installation of fifths of the class and demonstrated exemplary per- tion during the spring of junior year and/or fall of administrative programs The Center reports over seven miles of fiber optic communications cable sonal conduct in that institution Applicants who senior year It is the personal responsibility of each administratively to the Provost The present facilities and over 80 miles of high speed copper serve to , have not completed four years of high school must candidate to have test scores forwarded to the includes the following Digital Equipment Corpora- complete the system The final phase of this plan submit a High School Equivalent Diploma issued University tion mini and mainframe computers a VAX6410, a calls for the implementation of the library automa- by their state department of education 5 An interview is highly recommended for pro- VAX8550, a DEC5810, and a DEC5500 Distributed tion projects underway in both the Law Library and - spective students Auditions are required for School 2 High School curriculum must include 16 units across campus via fiber optic networks are a variety the University Library which will use the campus of Music applicants distributed as follows four units in English, eight of workstations including products from DEC, NeXT network for both on-campus and off-campus access units in any combination from the area of social 6 Students interested in being considered for and SUN These systems provide state-of-the-art to these facilities studies, language, mathematics, and science, and University Scholarships should submit their appli- four elective units for which the secondary school cation by January 15 of their senior year offers credit toward graduation In specific instances, 7 Early Decision Deadline (for students who have and at the discretion of the Committee on Admis- Duquesne as their first College choice) is Novem- sions, the genuine equivalent of these requirements ber 15 Notification will be by December 15 If may be accepted in lieu of the precise requirements accepted under the Early Decision Plan, commuting specified (Note Candidates planning to enroll in students are asked to submit a non-refundable tui- pharmacy or pre-Health programs, or as science or tion deposit of $100 within two weeks Resident stu- mathematics majors should have completed a mmi- dents are asked to submit a $250 non-refundable mum,of seven units in mathematics and sciences ) deposit 3 Scores in accordance with the standards 8 Notification of decisions for regular admission adhered to by the University must be presented for begin once Early Decision applicants have been the required College Entrance Examination Board notified If accepted, students are asked to submit Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or the American Col- a non-refundable tuition deposit of $100 for com- lege Testing Program (ACT) (Note for admission muters or $250 for resident students by May 1 of to the School of Music, an audition is required ) their senior year ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID EARLY ADMISSION

ested in applying only for English language study Associate Degree in Arts from a regionally accredited (NOTE Limited scholarships are available to It is the responsibility of the applicant to arrange to have in the Duquesne University English as a Second two-year institution all supporting credentials on file with the Office of Admis- undergraduate international students), Language Program (ESLP) Students transferring from a regionally accredited sions and Financial Aid Office prior to the deadline dates c) Certified copies of all academic records of The ESLP is open to qualified international Stu- institution must present academic records which secondary and any post-secondary study, dents interested in studying only English on either show an overall average of C (2 0 on a 4 0 quality d) One letter of recommendation, and EARLY ADMISSION a short- or long-term, non-degree, certificate of com- point system) e) Application fee in the amount specified on the Although the University believes that most students pletion basis A fuller description of the English as Persons seeking admission to the University as application form profit from four years in the secondary school, the a Second Language Program is found on page 42 transfer students from a state approved college Duquesne University is authorized under federal Early Admission plan is open to outstanding Stu- which does not have regional accreditation must law to enroll non-immigrant alien students How- dents This is a plan whereby unusually able and Additional Information on International have attained a cumulative average of 3 0 based on ever, no immigration documents can be issued until mature candidates who have completed less than Student Applications a 4 0 quality point system In addition, such pro- all application materials, including financial resource four years of a secondary school program may apply spective students must take the College Entrance Ex- certification, have been received In order to com- Please direct all inquiries and requests for additional for consideration to begin college after their junior amination Board tests and attain the appropriate plete on-campus arrival orientation, language pro- information and application materials to year The high school diploma is awarded follow- scores ficiency testing, and registration, accepted inter- Director ing successful completion of their freshman year in An interview is highly recommended for all transfer national students should plan to arrive approxi- Office of International Education college Two separate interviews are required students and will be required of those students whorn the mately one week before semester classes begin All Duquesne University Further details may be obtained by telephoning or Admissions Office notifies personally international students are required to have major Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 writing to the Admissions Office medical coverage USA TEMPORARY TRANSFERS Telephone 412-434-6113 FAX 412-434-5178 APPLICATION—OTHER CATEGORIES English Language Proficiency Requirements Temporary Transfers are students who are enrolled in another college or university but who desire to It is the responsibility of persons who apply for evening POST-GRADUATES English is the language of instruction at Duquesne enroll at Duquesne for one semester study, or as international students, readmission students, Post-graduates are students who already have a University and demonstrated language proficiency No Temporary Transfer Student will be granted transfers, or for the Summer Session to arrange to have Bachelor's degree, and desire to take undergradu- is required of all international applicants admission without formal application and an offi- all supporting credentials on file with the Office of Admis- ate courses at Duquesne, but are not interested in Since Duquesne University maintains an on- cial transcript or permission from an official at the sions and the Financial Aid Office before deadline dates pursuing another undergraduate degree campus Intensive and Semi-intensive English as a University at which the student is enrolled A Tem- A Post-graduate student must submit a Post- Second Language Program (ESLP), qualified under- porary Transfer Student must re-apply if he/she graduate application to the Division of Continuing ADMISSION OF UNDERGRADUATE graduate applicants may be accepted to academic should desire to take a course or courses at Education if the Bachelor's degree was received from INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS degree programs conditionally upon completion of Duquesne University beyond one semester an institution other than Duquesne Proof of degree Application Criteria English language requirements at Duquesne No Temporary Transfer shall be permitted to reg- by an official transcript or a cer- University is required either ister for more than two semesters without making tificate of graduation Duquesne University welcomes applications from All accepted international students, whose native arrangements to become a permanent transfer qualified international students interested in entry language is other than English, are administered an as either freshmen or transfer applicants English Language Placement Test upon arrival If RE-ADMISSION SUMMER SESSION Eligibility criteria for application as a first-year additional assistance with English language profi- Any student who withdraws from the University DUQUESNE STUDENTS freshman student include ciency development is indicated, then the student must apply for readmission through the Office of a) graduation from a secondary school recognized is referred for appropriate ESL coursework on either Admissions regardless of the time interval involved Any Duquesne University undergraduate student as an acceptable equivalent to a U S high school, an intensive or semi-intensive basis since withdrawal A student who is dismissed for who was granted continuance at the close of the and Up to six units of academic credit, applicable academic reasons must appeal to the Committee on preceding Spring Semester is authorized to regis- b) a demonstrated record of acceptable academic towards elective credit requirements, may be Student Standing of the school to which applica- ter m the Summer Session Students who were dis- success awarded for ESL coursework successfully completed tion of admission or readmission is being made, missed by their school at the close of the preceding Eligibility criteria for application as a transfer Stu- by eligible international students accepted into once the application has been submitted to the Spring Semester for academic reasons may regis^ dent include the above criteria for freshmen-level academic degree programs at Duquesne University Admissions Office ter for summer classes by permission of the Com-All applicants plus successful completion of some post- NOTE Undergraduate applicants who have com- mittee on Student Standing of their school secondary study at a recognized institution of higher pleted one year or more of successful postsecondary TRANSFERS students must have their course selections approved education either in the applicant's home country or study in the United States or who submit acceptable by their academic advisor in another countr)^ including the U S A Duquesne scores (current to within one year) on the Test of A student who wishes to transfer from another col- Graduates and other former students, including University processes requests for transfer credit English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) may qualify lege or university must have the complete transcripts any who withdrew from the University, must obtain evaluation according to guidelines established by the for conditional waiver directly into full-time of high school and college records forwarded to the re-admittance before they may register for summer academic unit to which an application is submitted academic coursework Therefore, while TOEFL Off ice of Admissions and must submit an applica- classes scores are not required in order to receive an tion for admission When accepted, the student must supply to the dean of his school a description Application Procedures undergraduate admissions decision, subirussion of STUDENTS FROM OTHER of the courses which appear on the transcript The Interested applicants should submit the following TOEFL scores is strongly recommended The INSTITUTIONS student should contact the Advisement Office of his items Duquesne University TOEFL Institution Code is school for placement and curriculum planning A student of another college or university who a)Duquesne University Undergraduate 2196 following a reasonable period for evaluation of wishes to enroll for the summer session, and who International Application Form, Applicants To English as a Second transcript intends thereafter to return to the original institu- b)Completed Duquesne University Affidavit The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and tion and is eligible to continue there may be admit- of Support Form along with required Language Program School of Education award 60 semester hours of ted to the Summer Session A tear-out admissions accompanying financial resource The same application procedures detailed above credit to accepted transfer applicants who have an application and registration form for the summer certifications, may also be used by international students inter-

10 ADMISSION ADMISSION AND FINANCIAL AID 11 study is provided in the announcement of summer This total of 60 includes the CLEP credit, i e , if a PRINCIPLES OF AID such as music, debate, athletics, etc It should be offerings, which may be obtained from the Summer student has completed 57 credits, he could not FINANCIAL NEED noted that many sources of gift aid expect the stu- dent to accept some form of self-help assistance School Office at mid-March These students are con- receive more than 3 credits on CLEP exams The The major criterion of most aid programs is the stu- sidered to be Temporary Transfer Students University is continuing to evaluate CLEF subject dent's need for lunds In general, parents and the MEETING STUDENT NEED scores and performance at Duquesne Credit will student are expected to pay the expenses of edu- be given on a minimum score determined yearly by The Financial Aid Office attenipts to provide aid ADVANCED PLACEMENT cation However, to the extent they cannot reason- the College of Liberal Arts and Science ably be expected to meet this expense, there is a equal to need for all student applicants Normally, this requires an "aid package" consisting of funds Students who have followed the College Entrance Exams must be taken according to the usual pro- denionstrated financial need or eligibility for aid Examination Board college level program in secon- gression of courses The exam in College Algebra Methods of determining need may vary slightly from multiple aid sources and programs Those pro- or College Algebra/Trig must be taken before a stu- grams which are under the direct control of the Aid dary schools and have performed satisfactorily in among aid sources, but all have the common objec- the advanced placement examinations are eligible dent registers for Calculus I tive of identifying the difference between educa- Office are not usually sufficient to meet full need for advanced placement Duquesne University Information about the time and place that exami- tional costs and the individual family's ability to con- or provide an aid package of the most beneficial grants credit, as well as placement, for achievement nations are given may be obtained from the Univer- tribute to these costs The costs considered include composition It is expected that students who apply that merits such consideration Subjects included sity Testing Bureau, or the College Level Examina- tuition, fees, room and board or an allowance for for assistance to the University will also apply to in the program are English composition, history, tion program, Box 977, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 maintenance at home, travel or commuting federal, state, and other available sources (American and European), history of art, modern Information about equivalent University courses for expenses, books, and necessary personal expendi- foreign languages (French, German, Spanish), which qualifying students may receive credit may tures Need analysis presumes the family's ability PROGRAM FUNDING Latin, mathematics AB, mathematics BC, physics B be obtained from the University's Director of Testing to contribute to these costs will approximate that of All programs of financial aid are subject to limita- and C, chemistry, biology and computer science families of similar size and financial strength, with tions of available funds Therefore, in addition to Credit will be given on a minimum advanced CREDIT HOUR BANK consideration given for individual circumstances It the eligibility requirements of a particular program, placement score determined yearly by the College The Credit Hour Bank program is designed for high is extremely important that all financial information assistance depends upon the level of funding in the of Liberal Arts and Sciences For current informa- school students and adults who would like to sam- reported by the family be coniplete, accurate, and program First consideration always goes to appli- tion about the minimal score acceptable for each ple college courses prior to official enrollment The updated for any major changes Such information cants who apply within deadline dates and who subject and the credits granted, consult with the maximum number of credits that may be taken is is considered and treated confidentially by aid provide coniplete and accurate information All pro- University's Director of Testing Bureau or the Aca- 15 Credits completed in the Credit Hour Bank are administrators grams are subject to change, elimination, or replace- demic Advisement and Referral Center held in escrow until the applicant applies and ful- ment Changes in government programs are routine, Applicants who hope to receive advanced place- since these require periodic legislative review fills all regular admission requirements Upon regu- AWARD CONDITIONS ment credits must request that scores be sent to the lar admittance, all credits are then evaluated toward University Information about equivalent University a degree program All financial aid awards are subject to terms and con- CURRENT INFORMATION scores for which qualifying students may receive To apply to the Credit Hour Bank Program, sub- ditions set forth in applications and award notifi- Because programs of aid and conditions of eligibility credits may be obtained from the University's Direc- mit the $20 non-refundable application fee, and cations it is important that the student carefully read do change from time to time, the student should tor of Testing attach a letter indicating full comprehension and all information provided by aid sources and prompt- attempt to keep abreast of new developments 'The acceptance of the conditions of the Credit Hour ly notify them of changes pertinent to their applica- high school guidance office, the University Finan- tions or awards COLLEGE LEVEL EXAMINATION Bank Program A form is available for this purpose cial Aid Office, and the office of education in the PROGRAM and can be obtained by contacting the office of student's home state are excellent sources of infor- Admissions STUDENT SELF-HELP mation Students should avoid the error of dis- The special examinations for which the College of Generally, all first year courses in the College of As the primary beneficiary of higher education, the qualifying themselves for specific forms of aid Liberal Arts and Sciences will award credits, with Liberal Arts and Sciences and the School of Edu- because of hearsay or dated information A decision acceptable scores, are student is expected to accept at least partial finan- cation are open to Credit Hour Bank students The cial responsibility for the cost This principle is not to apply to particular aid source should be made 1 General Exanitnations Humanities, social School of Music also participates in the Credit Hour reflected in both the determination of need and the only upon the advice of an aid officer sciences Bank program providing the applicant passes a types of aid available In determining need, con- 2 Subject Exanunations American government, music audition sideration is given for at least a minimum contri- UNIVERSITY AID American history, analysis and interpretation of bution to cost from the student's summer earnings, APPLICATION PROCEDURE literature, biology, calculus Il elementary functions, savings, and resources Two types of self-help pro- 1 Applicants must be currently enrolled in the college algebra, college algebra-trigonometry, college grams of aid are available loans and work Student composition, computers and data processing, University or be in the process of applying for loans provide rates, terms, and conditions superi- admission Incoming students should not wait for elementary computer programming, general Financial Aid or to those offered by commercial lenders, and offer chemistry, general psychology, introductory busi- official acceptance to the University before apply- Duquesne University subscribes to the philosophy the student the opportunity to help himself /herself ing for financial assistance ness management, introductory marketing, (only that "no student should be denied the education by accepting future repayment responsibility Stu validation of comparable course(s) taken at region- of his/her choice for lack of sufficient financial dent employment programs provide the opportu- 2 Obtain the formal application for financial as- ally accredited schools where courses were offered resources" The Office of Student Financial Aid has nity to help earn a portion of the educational costs sistance (Freshmen and transfer students may at the 200 level or above Students must have com- been established to help students locate the finan- obtain the form through Admissions Office publica- tions or through the Financial Aid Office Currently pleted the course(s) with a "C"-or better to be eligi- cial support they require Students and parents GIFT ASSISTANCE ble ), introductory sociology, macro-economics, should not be overwhelmed by the variety and enrolled students may obtain the form only through micro-economics, western civilization apparent complexities of modern student financial Non-repayable scholarships or grants are available the Financial Aid Office ) Complete this application A student who has accumulated 30 or more credits aid Rather, a patient thorough examination of aid in accordance with one or a combination of the fol- and submit it to the Financial Aid Office, Duquesne is not eligible to take the General Examination for opportunities should be undertaken to locate the lowing criteria 1) Financial' Need, 2) SupenorAcadennc University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 PRIOR credits When a student has acquired 60 credits he most advantageous forms of assistance available to Po