Kallakurichi District Disaster Management Plan 2020-21

KALLAKURICHI DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 – 21

INDEX

Preface

1 Profile of Kallakurichi district 2

2 Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 11

3 Systems Approach for Sustainable Disaster Risk Management 15

4 Risk Governance-Institutional Frame Work 21

5 Disaster Preparedness 49

6 Disaster Response Relief & Rehabilitation 59

7 Disaster Prevention & Mitigation 67

8 Build Back Better 105

9 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Developmental planning 109

10 Financial Allocation 116

11 Way Forward 117

12 Do’s and Don’ts During Disaster 144

13 Kallakurichi District – Important Officials Contact Numbers 145

14 Important Government Orders 149

15 Abbreviations 171

Preface

Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damages, loss and Destruction and devastation to life and property. The Damage caused by Disaster is Immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, Climate and type of the earth surface / degree of vulnerability this influence the mental, Socio- economical Political and cultural state of the affected area. In spite of District‟s top notch status in terms of Industrial productivity and human development the district administration and people of this district coexist with the probabilities of Hazards like flood, cyclone, drought, Heat wave, lightning, chemical and biological Hazards etc., Disaster is an extremely Basic Phenomenon to the Human culture. It has been experienced by them since time immemorial. Since the District is newly formed district from Villupuram has experienced various Disasters in recent past like Thane Cyclone 2011, Flood 2015, Drought 2016 and most recently Covid - 19 Pandemic will serve as a evidence to the District‟s Vulnerability to such Hazard. How the society responds to such Vagaries of nature decides the magnitude and intensity of the destruction that may entail Hazardous events. Disaster Management plan is needed for the district to reduce harmful effects of a Disaster in participative manner and people friendly with inter departmental coordination. Here with Management plan should incorporate both pre and past Disaster with aim of being prepared for prevention and mitigation with lessening of the loss of life and property. This plan will reduce vulnerability to hazards. In this aspect, District disaster Management plan for Kallakurichi district has been prepared for achieving the objectives of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. This Plan has been made to imbibe the principles underlying the existing global frameworks like Sendai framework and Sustainable development Goal. This attempt will definitely reduce the Risk of Disaster with sense of urgency in a planned way to minimize human, property and environmental loss. KIRAN GURRALA I.A.S., District Collector and Chairman, District Disaster Management Authority, Kallakurichi

1. PROFILE OF KALLAKURICHI DISTRICT

DISTRICT PROFILE

Kallakurichi District

Kallakurichi District is announced as 33rd district by bifurcating Viluppuram district on the floor of Assembly by Hon‟ble Chief Minister on 8th January 2019. Later the new Kallakurichi District was created as per G.O.(MS).No.424 and 425 Revenue and Disaster Management Department, Revenue Administration Wing, {RA 1(1)} Section, Dated:12.11.2019. Subsequently, the Hon‟ble Chief Minister inaugurated Kallakurichi as 34th district (Tenkasi inaugurated as 33rd) on 26.11.2019 in a grand inaugural function.

The district consists of 2 Revenue divisions with 6 taluks, consisting of 562 Revenue villages in 24 firkas. The district consists of 9 development blocks covering 412 village panchayats. Kallakurichi, the headquarters of the district is located along NH 79 (Ulundurpet - Salem). Salem, Trichy and Pondicherry are the nearest airports.

The district is an agrarian with paddy, maize, sugarcane, black gram etc., as major crops. The district is mainly rainfed / tank irrigated along with Gomukhi and Manimuktha dams.

Kalvarayan hills spread across 550.70 Sq km, is a major attraction of the district. The tribal population dominated hills have Periyar falls, Megham falls, Sirukalur falls and Chinnathirupathi temple. Very famous temples such as Ulagalantha Perumal temple, Veerattaneshwarar temple and Kabilar hillock in Tirukoilur, Sri Lakshmi Narasimmar temple, Parikkal in Ulundurpet taluk, Adhirangan Ranganathaswamy temple, Thiruvarangam and Arthanareeswarar temple, Rishivandiyam in Sankarapuram taluk are situated in this district.

1. DISTRICT PROFILE - SUMMARY

Name of the District : Kallakurichi District Head Quarters : Kallakurichi Area : 3530.58 sq.km. Population : 13,77,494 Revenue Divisions : 02

Sl. No Name of the Revenue Division 1. Kallakurichi 2. Tirukoilur Taluks : 06

Sl. No Name of the Taluk 1. Kallakurichi 2. Sankarapuram

3. Chinnasalem 4. Kalvarayan Hills 5. Tirukoilur

6. Ulundurpet

No. of Firkas : 24

No. of Revenue Villages : 562

No. of Village Panchayats : 412

Assembly Constituencies : 05

Sl. No Name of the Taluk 1. Tirukoilur (Part)

2. Kallakurichi 3. Sankarapuram

4. Ulundurpet (Part) 5. Rishivandiyam

Parliamentary Constituencies : Kallakurichi (Part), Viluppuram (Part)

Municipalities : Kallakurichi

Panchayat Unions : 09

Sl. No. Name of the Panchayat Unions 1. Kallakurichi

2. Chinnasalem 3. Rishivandiyam 4. Sankarapuram

5. Thiyagadurugam 6. Kalvarayan Hills

7. Tirukoilur 8. Ulundurpet

9. Thirunavalur

Town Panchayats : 07

Sl. No. Name of the Town Panchayat 1. Chinnasalem

2. Vadakkananthal

3. Sankarapuram

4. Thiyagadurugam

5. Ulundurpet

6. Tirukovilur 7. Manalurpet

The village far away from the district head quarters : Varam Village (80 km) in Kalvarayan Hills Taluk.

Government Schools :

Sl. Name of the schools No. of No. schools 1. Primary Schools 469 2. Middle Schools 167 3. High Schools 60 4. Higher Secondary school 69

Adi Dravidar Welfare School :

Sl. Name of the schools No. of No. schools 1. Primary Schools 20 2. Middle Schools 05 3. High Schools 03 4. Higher Secondary school 0

Tribal Welfare School : Sl. Name of the schools No. of No. schools 1. Primary Schools 26 2. Middle Schools 13 3. High Schools 04 4. Higher Secondary school 07

Anganvadis : 1121

Government Hospitals :

Sl. No. Location of the Hospitals 1. Kallakurichi 2. Chinnasalem 3. Sankarapuram 4. Tirukoilur 5. Ulundurpet No. of Primary Health Centres : 45

No. of Health Sub Centres : 215

Dispensary : Thoradipattu (Kalvarayan Hills)

Rivers : 07

Sl.No Name of the River 1. Gomukhi River 2. Mani River 3. Muktha River 4. Thirumanimuktha River 5. Mayura River 6. Kedilam River 7. Sesha Nathi

Dams : 02

Name of the dam Height of the dam Capacity (in (in feet) mcft) Gomukhi 46 560

Manimukhtha 36 737

Pwd Tanks :

Name of the Sub No. of Capacity No. of division the (in mcft) Anicuts tanks Vellar Basin 212 3514.13 74 Lower Pennaiyar 119 1778.715 01 Basin

Rural Development

(Minor Irrigation Tanks) : 359

State Highways : 312.946 km.

NHAI : NH 79 (Salem to Ulundurpet) - 59 km. (V.X-Road to Ulundurpet Roundana)

NH 45 (Tambaram to Dindigul) - 35.8km. (Madapattu to Vepur Bridge)

Major Districts Roads : 289.150 km.

Other Districts Roads : 874.202 km.

Sugarcane Development Roads : 118.750 km.

Food grain production : 6.25 lakh metric tonne.

Horticulture Production : 3.14 lakh metric tonne.

Cattle Population : 4,14,715

AREA AND TOPOGRAPHY The total geographical area of the district is around 3530.58 sq.km which includes Kalvarayan Hills. Major portion of the district is characterised by plains which is utilised for agricultural purposes. Most of the forest is sporadic in this District... Reserve forests spread over in Kalvarayan Hills, Varanjaram, Athaiyur, Edaikkal.

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

The maximum and minimum temperature in the district is about 38ᶿC & 21ᶿC respectively. The average rainfall of the district is 1070 mm. About 86% of the normal rainfall is received during the North East monsoon season. Normally the district does not get heavy rainfall.

Rain gauge Stations located in Kallakurichi District 1 Kallakurichi Taluk Office 04151-222449 2 Kallakurichi DSCL Thiyagadurgam 9487999503 3 Kallakurichi DSCL Virugavoor 4 Chinnasalem KCS Mill-2 Kachirayapalayam 9943983267 5 Sankarapuram KCS Mill-2 Moorarpalayam 6 Sankarapuram Taluk Office 04151-235329 7 Sankarapuram KCS Mill-1 Moongilthuraipattu 9443633860 8 Sankarapuram KCS Mill-1 Kadavanur 9655249210 9 Sankarapuram KCS Mill-1 Ariyalur 9488524550 10 Sankarapuram DSCL Rishivandhiyam 9487999506 11 Sankarapuram DSCL Soolangurichi 12 Sankarapuram DSCL Keelpadi 13 Sankarapuram DSCL Kalayanallur 9487999503 14 Tirukoilur DSCL Thirupalapandal 15 Tirukoilur DSCL Madampoondi 16 Tirukoilur Taluk Office 04153-252316 17 Tirukoilur BASL Vengur 8754038500 18 Tirukoilur BASL Manalurpet 7708302200 19 Ulundurpet Taluk Office 04149-222255 20 Ulundurpet SCS Mill Pillaiyarkuppam 8825773565 21 Ulundurpet DSCL Eraiyur 9487999503

Manimuktha Dam Rainfall observation proforma from 2000 to 2019

Sl. Aver Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total No age 133. 178. 123. 1 2000 Nil 39.0 Nil 23.0 92.0 80.0 9.5 197.5 89.3 60.2 1475.5 0 0 0 144. 144. 2 2001 Nil Nil Nil 95.0 79.0 17.0 262.5 37.5 202.5 72.5 130.5 1734.0 0 5 190. 108. 3 2002 8.0 30.0 Nil 5.0 113.5 69.0 57.0 54.0 107.0 184.0 43.5 1305.0 5 8 226. 137. 135. 4 2003 Nil Nil 3.0 44.0 28.0 48.5 209.5 64.0 225.8 12.5 1621.8 0 5 2 421. 186. 5 2004 Nil Nil Nil 9.0 481.0 43.5 45.5 14.5 253.0 127.5 Nil 2241.5 0 8 193. 264. 208. 6 2005 Nil 34.0 38.5 32.0 112.0 11.5 110.5 241.5 496.0 196.0 2503.5 5 5 6 160. 380. 161. 7 2006 5.0 Nil 15.0 59.0 81.0 81.0 60.0 195.0 230.0 20.0 1942.0 0 0 8 120. 255. 143. 8 2007 Nil Nil Nil 150.0 45.0 55.0 95.0 50.0 165.0 272.0 1722.0 0 0 5 315. 163. 9 2008 15 10.0 115 20.0 93.0 90.0 105.0 50.0 45.0 490.0 65.0 1956.0 0 0 100. 118. 10 2009 Nil Nil 45.0 Nil 5.0 40.0 60.0 165.0 55.0 435.0 105.0 1425.0 0 8 210. 186. 11 2010 15. - - - 175.0 145.0 95.0 125.0 40.0 505.0 165.0 2240.0 0 7 170. 141. 187. 12 2011 5.0 - - 275.0 6.0 60.0 205.0 100.0 353.6 117.6 2254.4 0 2 9 235. 13 2012 - - - 21.4 20.2 27.0 158.4 69.9 96.2 111.0 16.2 1149.2 95.8 8 211. 177. 127. 14 2013 - - 47.8 25.2 29.8 18.5 23.9 212.9 138.8 72.5 1527.8 6 1 3 176. 210. 128. 15 2014 Nil 8.0 Nil Nil 186.8 126.8 67.6 20.4 86.2 66.6 1535.8 9 0 0 152. 119. 16 2015 Nil Nil Nil 48.6 155.8 19.0 49.4 1439.2 89.0 40.8 6 375.6 105.8 9 121. 17 2016 - - - - 111.8 47.4 60.8 59.4 21.8 81.4 48.8 552.9 46.1 5 161. 287. 18 2017 79.2 - - - 52.0 58.2 41.2 125.8 97.2 148.4 1050.6 87.6 0 6 232. 19 2018 - 15.2 20.4 - - 55.2 - 559.8 46.7 12.0 55.8 4 156.6 12.2 114. 276. 20 2019 - 11.2 - - 85.2 52.0 99.6 253.6 152.0 118.4 1163.2 96.9 8 4

Gomukhi Dam Rainfall Observation Proforma From 2000 to 2019

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total in MM Average

2000 2.2 197.4 - 31.2 77.0 28.2 17.0 148.3 371.9 341.9 159.3 116.4 1490.8 124.2

2001 9.5 - - 204.6 69.6 59.9 233.3 83.7 209.3 254.2 116.3 71.2 1311.6 109.3

2002 11.2 20.4 - 35.0 107.2 78.4 44.8 146.8 131.0 178.4 146.4 13.0 912.6 76.1

2003 - - 85.0 62.2 54.7 74.0 186.6 475.2 144.0 324.0 293.0 122.0 1820.7 151.7

2004 - - - 22.0 686.0 43.0 224.0 21.0 653.0 566.0 208.0 Nil 2423.0 201.9

2005 - 29.0 4.3 74.7 63.0 11.0 183.0 182.0 257.0 514.0 702.0 230.0 2250.0 187.5

2006 10.0 - 96.0 85.0 102.0 55.0 40.0 205.0 130.0 310.0 215.0 40.0 1288.0 107.3

2007 - - - 105.0 117.0 30.0 295.0 265.0 40.0 250.0 170.0 435.0 1707.0 142.3

2008 25.0 35.0 150.0 10.0 140.0 60.0 30.0 95.0 110.0 315.0 670.0 40.0 1680.0 140.0

2009 - - 35.0 - 30.0 70.0 - 87.0 160.0 79.0 460.0 141.0 1062.0 88.5

2010 - - - - 173.0 45.0 18.0 188.0 196.0 86.0 584.0 359.0 1649.0 137.4

2011 - 12.0 - 105.0 73.0 15.0 74.0 170.0 100.0 141.2 546.0 268.0 1504.2 125.4

2012 - - - 21.4 20.2 5.8 121.0 15.0 121.0 360.0 35.0 135.0 834.4 69.5

2013 - 18.0 34.0 - 27.0 35.0 - 203.0 92.0 71.0 167.0 100.0 747.0 62.3

2014 - - - - 60.0 72.0 61.0 154.2 116.8 337.6 102.0 81.0 984.6 82.1

2015 18.0 - - 113.8 44.0 12.4 22.4 102.0 231.6 56.0 370.0 112.6 1082.8 90.2

2016 - - - - 62.0 33.6 113.0 19.2 37.6 94.2 22.2 61.8 443.6 37.0

2017 74.8 0.0 11.6 0.0 80.6 18.2 32.6 - - - - 152.2 370.0 30.8

2018 - 16.0 21.0 - 10.0 83.0 20.6 13.6 131.4 194.4 193.2 28.8 712.0 59.3

2019 - - - 15.2 14.0 22.6 128.6 125.2 383.4 149.4 122.4 111.2 1072.0 89.3

2.HAZARD, RISK AND VULNERABILITY

ANALYSIS

Hazard is situation causing threat to community, environment or property. Risk is a situation involving exposure to danger. Disaster defined as any undesirable occurrence by nature or human, strikes quickly with or without warning that caused damages, loss of human and cattle's life, health and services, ecological, economical, environmental, access, changes and disruptions we may call as a disaster.

REGIONAL VULNERABILITIES

While designing DM plans for a particular region, different vulnerabilities for that region has to be assessed first to streamline different developmental plans.

1. PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

Physical vulnerability relates to the physical location of people, their proximity to the hazard zone and standards of safety maintained to counter the effects. For instance, some people are vulnerable to flood only because they live in a flood prone area. Physical vulnerability also relates to the technical capacity of buildings and structures to resist the forces acting upon them during a hazard event.

2. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

The extent to which a population is affected by a calamity does not purely lie in the physical components of vulnerability, but is contextual also to the prevailing social and economic conditions and it‟s consequential effect on human activities within a given society. Research in areas affected by earthquakes indicates that single parent families, women, handicapped people, children and the aged are particularly vulnerable social groups. The geophysical setting with unplanned and inadequate developmental activity is a cause for increased losses during disasters. In the case of India, the contribution of over-population to high population density, which in turn results in escalating losses, deserves to be noted. This factor sometimes tends to be as important as physical vulnerability attributed to geography and infrastructure alone.

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

The major rivers flowing through this District are as follows,

 Gomukhi River – originates in Kalvarayan Hills and flows through Kallakurichi and Chinnasalem Taluks.

 Mani River - originates in Kalvarayan Hills and flows through Kallakurichi and Sankarapuram Taluks.

 Muktha River - originates in Kalvarayan Hills and flows through Kallakurichi and Sankarapuram Taluks.

 Thirumanimuktha River - originates in Selliyampalayam (Nainarpalayam firka) and flows through Chinnasalem and Kallakurichi Taluks.

 Mayura River - originates in Kallanatham and flows through Chinnasalem and Kallakurichi Taluks.

 Kedilam River - originates in Yaal, Maiyanur forest and flows through Sankarapuram and Ulundurpet Taluks.

 Sesha Nathi - originates in Veeramangalam and Pidagam Villages and flows through Ulundurpet Taluk.

 The rivers are seasonal and could not be used for irrigation purpose to the expected level because of low precipitation in most of the days of a year. The North East Monsoon which sets in during October and November brings forth heavy rainfall in some parts of this district causing heavy floods.

Identification of vulnerable areas and vulnerability analysis The areas vulnerable to flooding and other disasters in the district already identified based on legacy data and highest inundation levels during the recent past may be updated. The newly identified vulnerable areas are to be classified as given below:.

1. Areas of Very High Vulnerability. a. Inundation of the area with water level exceeding 5 feet. (or) b. Rescue operations carried out with the help of Central forces I SDRF I Fire services (or) c. Areas which are cut-off and became inaccessible. (or) d. Loss of lives or large scale evacuation carried out. 2. Areas of High Vulnerability. a. Inundation of the area with water level between 3-5 feet. (or) b. Rescue operations carried out only by local police or Fires services. 3. Areas of Moderate I Medium Vulnerability. a. Inundation of the area with water level between 2-3 feet. 4. Areas of Low Vulnerability. a. Stagnation of water in an area with water level below 2 feet.

LIST OF VULNERABLE LOCATIONS IN KALLAKURICHI DISTRICT

Vulnerable - Sl. Taluk Villages Low/Moderate/ No High/Very High 1 Kallakurichi 1. Gurupeedapuram Low Vulnerable 2. Velakurichi Low Vulnerable 3. Varanjaram Low Vulnerable 4. Kanangur Low Vulnerable 5. Kongarayapalayam Very High Vulnerable Anicut (Vadapondi) 6. Vadakknandal kalleri 2 Chinnasalem Low Vulnerable supply channel 7. Kachirayapalayam Low Vulnerable supply channel 8. Kumarapalayam Moderate Vulnerable Anicut supply channel 3 Sankarapuram 9. Rishivandiyan Low Vulnerable 10. Pavanthur Low Vulnerable 11. Munivalai Low Vulnerable 12. Sankarapuram Anicut Low Vulnerable 13. Kattuvanajur Low Vulnerable 14. Seshasamuthiram Low Vulnerable Anicut 15. Kondiyanatham to 4 Kalvarayan Hills Low Vulnerable Kodunthurai Road 16. Dhoradipattu Low Vulnerable 17. Vanjikuzi to Low Vulnerable Mulakkadu 18. Gudalur Low Vulnerable 5 Tirukoilur 19. Memalur Low Vulnerable 20. Vadamaruthur Low Vulnerable 21. Pazhangur Moderate Vulnerable 6 Ulundurpet 22. Senthanadu High Vulnerable 23. Oliyampalayam High Vulnerable 24. Thoppayankulam High Vulnerable 25. Odaiyanandal Low Vulnerable 26. Manalur Low Vulnerable 27. Pinnalvadi (Periari) Low Vulnerable

3.Systems Approach for Sustainable Disaster Risk Management

District Disaster Management Perspective Plan (2019 – 2020)

The present Plan is focus the goals aligned with the Sendai Frame Work. Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive developmental panning, reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience.

Vision To build a safe and disaster resistant Kallakurichi District through systems approach, inclusive development and mainstreaming disaster risk concerns into the development ethos of the District.

Mission To adopt systems approach for sustainable disaster risk reduction and enhance resilience of the community. The focus areas for risk reduction will be natural resources conservation on watershed basis, comprehensive management of river basins, sustainable management of ecologically fragile areas, sustainable agricultural development, mainstreaming of disaster into developmental plans, social inclusion and integrated development of the vulnerable areas.

Goals

The present goal on Disaster Risk Reduction framed and aligned with the Sendai Frame Work to prevent new disasters and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive developmental planning, reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience. The objectives and main goals are.

a) To identify the areas vulnerable to major types of the hazards in the district.

b) To adopt proactive measures at district level by all the govt. departments to prevent disaster and mitigate its effects. c) To define and assign the different tasks and responsibilities to stakeholders during the pre-disaster and post - disaster phases of the disaster. d) To enhance disaster resilience of the people in the district by way of capacity building. e) Promote public awareness; thereby reduce the loss of public and private property, especially critical facilities and infrastructure, through proper planning. f) Manage future development to mitigate the effect of natural hazards in the district. g) Emergency Operations Centre at the District level to function effectively in search, rescue, response. h) To develop the standardized mechanism to respond to disaster situation to manage the disaster efficiently.

Implementation of the Plan The DDMA will be responsible for the overall planning, coordination and implementation of plan. As per the National Disaster Management Act, 2005, The DDMA shall be responsible and accountable to:  Coordinate and monitor the implementation of National and State policies, National, State and District Disaster Management Plans.  Ensure that the areas in the district vulnerable to disasters are identified and measures for the prevention of disasters and the mitigation of its effects are undertaken by the departments of the Government at the district level as well as by the local authorities.  Ensure that the guidelines for prevention of disaster, mitigation of its

effect, preparedness and response measures as laid down by the National Authority and State Authority are followed by all the line departments at the district level, local authorities and other concerned authorities.  Review the preparedness and respond measures to any disaster or threatening disaster and give direction to the departments or the concerned authorities for the measures.  Give direction to the district authorities and local authorities to take measures for the prevention and mitigation of disaster on need.  Monitor the implementation of DDMP and the plans prepared by the district government departments.  Lay down guidelines to mainstream the DRR measures in the Developmental work to be followed by the government departments at district level.  Organise and coordinate specialised training programmes for different levels of officers, employees and voluntary rescue workers in the district.  Lay down guidelines for the preparation of departmental Response Plan as per the District Response plan and ensure that each District departments prepare their own departmental response plan.  Set up, maintain, review and upgrade the mechanism for early warnings and dissemination of proper information to public.  Lay down guidelines to the government departments at district level or other district authorities to response effectively to any threatening disaster or disaster.  Coordinate response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.  Advice, assist and coordinate government, non government and other stakeholders engage in disaster management.  Coordinate, lay down guidelines and provide technical and non technical support to the local authorities to take prevention, mitigation and other functions effectively  Identify safe evacuation sites and make arrangements for the basic evacuation protocol in those sites.  Establish stockpiles of relief and rescue materials and ensure communication systems are in order.  Provide information to the State Authority relating to different aspects of disaster management.

 Review and update the district level response plan.

System Approach for Risk Management Systems approach recognizes that the disturbances caused in the local ecosystems are due to factors that emanate in the ecosystems that are upstream due to their interconnectedness. Moreover no ecosystem can be free from the influences of other ecosystems due to environmental factors such as Cyclonic storms, extreme weather events be it excess or deficit rainfall etc. The Risk Reduction strategies can be successful only when mitigation measures are adopted holistically to provide a permanent solution. Therefore, the Government have decided to adopt systems approach in prevention and mitigation strategies for risk reduction so as to provide a holistic solution. As per this approach the problems confronting the coastal and non-coastal districts will be examined on the ecosystems basis. In case of floods and drought a River Basin System will be the unit for treatment rather than treating each district as an entity by itself. This approach is necessitated by the fact that in many districts the causative source for the risk lies in the upstream areas of the river system rather than due to inadequacies within that district. It is also imperative to focus on the river basin system in its entirety to address the risks that are faced as a consequence of floods, cyclonic storms, landslides and drought which are triggered due to the vagaries of Monsoon. The Systems approach looks at the causes and effects of the disaster in a holistic and integrated manner encompassing environmental, physical, social, economic and cultural aspects. Long term interventions based on systems approach will enhance resilience and minimize damages even if there is recurrence of extreme weather events and the mitigation measures will also protect the integrity of ecosystems.

Natural Resources Conservation Schemes

(To address Drought, Floods, Landslides, Heat waves and Climate Impact)

• G.O.Ms No 50 (Industries) dated 24.4.2017 • Kudimaramathu

• MGNREGS- Improving Supply Channels, Tree Plantation, Watershed Development 18

• Watershed Development

• Special Area Development Programmes

• Integrated Tribal Development

• Micro Irrigation

• Rain Water Harvesting

• Artificial Recharging of Ground Water

• New Irrigation Projects Comprehensive Management of River Basins – Schemes (To provide protection during Floods &Cyclones Floods and build resistance to hydrological and Agricultural droughts)

• IAMWARM / TNIAMP • Kudimaramathu Works • Desilting of Tanks under G.O 50, Industries Dept, Dated:24.4.2017 • Clearing & Widening Drainage Carriers to Original Standards • Check Dams across River Courses with necessary scour vents for recharging the Downstream stretches • Construction of Regulators and barrages • Riverine Reservoirs • In stream Reservoirs • Interlinking of Rivers • Tail End Regulators • Sustainable Management of Ecologically fragile areas Schemes

(Flood and Drought Mitigation and Livelihood Support)

• Rain Water Harvesting • Artificial recharging through check dams and recharge shafts • Rejuvenation of failed Wells • Conservation & Restoration of Creeks Marshlands and Wetlands • River regrading work • New Irrigation Projects Sustainable Agricultural Development Schemes (To Combat Drought and Climate mitigation) Mission for Sustainable Dry Land Agriculture,

Rain fed Area Development for Horticulture Clusters

Inclusive developmental Schemes

• Social Security Schemes implemented by Revenue Department • MGNREGS implemented by Rural Development Department • Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project (TNRTP) • National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) • Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihood Mission (TNSRLM) • Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihood Mission (TNULM) • Tamil Nadu Skill Development Mission – Programmes • Self Help Groups • Economic Development of Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare • Social Security Schemes for differently abled persons • Schemes implemented by various Welfare Boards.

4. Risk Governance –Institutional Frame work for Disaster Management

Introduction

India has integrated administrative machinery for management of disasters at the National, State, District and Sub-Division levels. The basic responsibility of undertaking rescue, relief and rehabilitation measures in the event of natural disasters, as at present, is that of the State Governments concerned. The central government supplements the efforts of the states by providing financial and logistics support. The District administration is the focal point for implementation of all governmental plans and activities. The actual day-to-day function of administering relief is the responsibility of the District collector who exercises coordinating and supervising powers over all departments at the district level. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments recognize Panchayat Raj institutions as 'Institutions of self -government'. The amendment has also laid down necessary guidelines for the structure of their composition, powers, functions, devolution of finances, regularly holding of elections and reservations of seats for weaker sections including women. These local bodies can be effective instruments in tackling disasters through early warning system, relief distribution, providing shelter to the victims, medical assistance etc.

Other than the national, state, district and local levels, there are various institutional stakeholders who are involved in disaster management at various levels in the country. These include the police and para-military forces, civil defence and home guards, fire services, ex-servicemen, non government organization (NGOs), public and private sector enterprises, media all of whom have important roles to play. The institutional and policy mechanisms for carrying out response, relief and rehabilitation are well-established in the district. These mechanisms have proved to be robust and effective so far as response, relief and rehabilitation are concerned.

This section gives a brief overview of the institutional mechanism for disaster management in the district.

Revenue and Disaster Management Department

Revenue and Disaster Management Department is responsible for policy making and issuance of Government orders based on approvals accorded by Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority and State Executive Committee and Commissioner of Revenue Administration.

State Relief Commissioner

The Commissioner of Revenue Administration is the state Relief Commissioner and implements the tasks assigned by the TNSDM Authority and state Executive Committee relating to the different phases of Disaster Management. To assist the Commissioner of Revenue Administration, the Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency has been created.

Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency (TNDRRA)

Hon‟ble Minister for Revenue is the Chairperson of the Governing Council and Chief Secretary to Government is the Vice- Chair person. TNDRRA functions under the direct control of the Commissioner of Revenue Administration & State Relief Commissioner who is also the chairman of the Executive council. The Commissioner (Disaster Management) is the Member Secretary and convener of the council.

Classification of the institutions at district level The various institutions at Kallakurichi District can be classified as per their administrative levels which are below:  District level  Division level  Taluk level

District Disaster Management Authority(DDMA) District Disaster Management Authority is an institution constituted as per the Disaster Management Act, 2005 at the district level to ensure effective management and response to any disaster.

The District Disaster Management Authority constituted as per Disaster Management Act, 2005 and G.O.Ms.No.33, Revenue Department, dated: 24.01.2012 in respect of Kallakurichi District is as follows:

Designation Position

District Collector Chairperson

District Panchayat Secretary Member

Superintendent of Police Member

District Revenue Officer Member

Joint Director (Health Services) Member

Personal Assistant (General) to Collector Member

Project Director, DRDA Member

District Advisory Committee

The District Advisory Committee is the apex body for disaster management in the district. The committee is headed by the Collector of Kallakurichi district as the chairman. The main function of the district advisory committee is to coordinate the activities of various departments during the time of emergency in the district.

The following officers constitute the District Advisory Committee.

Sl.No Designation Position 1. Collector of Kallakurichi District Chairman 2. District Revenue Officer, Kallakurichi Member 3. Superintendent of Police, Kallakurichi Member 4. Project Director, D.R.D.A., Kallakurichi Member 5. Sub Collector – Kallakurichi Member 6. Revenue Divisional Officer –Tirukoilur Member 7. Personal Assistant to Collector (General) Member 8. Superintending Engineer, TNEB, Kallakurichi Member 9. Superintending Engineer, (PWD – WRO), Kallakurichi Member 10. Divisional Engineer, Highways, Kallakurichi Member 11. Senior Regional Manager, TNCSC, Kallakurichi Member 12. Joint Registrar (Cooperative) Kallakurichi Member 13. Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi Member 14. Joint Director of Health Services, Kallakurichi Member 15. Regional Transport Officer, Kallakurichi Member 16. Public Relations Officer, Kallakurichi Member 17. Deputy Director of Health Services, Kallakurichi Member 18. Assistant Director of Panchayats, Kallakurichi Member

20. Assistant Director of Town Panchayats Cuddalore Member 21. Executive Engineer (Building Constructions and Member Maintenance Division), Kallakurichi 22. Joint Director of Agriculture, Kallakurichi Member

23. Commanding Officer, (NCC) Kallakurichi Member 24. Joint Director of Animal Husbandry, Kallakurichi Member 25. District Supply and Consumer Protection Officer, Member Kallakurichi 26. District officer, Fire and Rescue Department, Kallakurichi Member 27. Chief Educational Officer, Kallakurichi Member

28. Assistant Commissioner (Excise), Kallakurichi Member 29. Addl. Personal Assistants to Collector (Land), Kallakurichi Member

Crisis Management Group The Crisis management group is under the leadership of district Collector with the core group of district level officers as given below.

District Collector Core Group Leader

District Revenue Officer, Kallakurichi Member

Superintendent of Police, Kallakurichi Member

Divisional Engineer , Highways, Kallakurichi Member

Executive Engineer, (PWD ) Buildings, Member Kallakurichi

Superintending Engineer, TNEB, Kallakurichi Member

Joint Director of Health Services, Kallakurichi Member

District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC)

Immediate first response to any disaster has to be from the district administration. The Emergency Operation Centre is headed by Tahsildar (Disaster Management) and assisted by one Assistant, one typist and one office assistant.

The District Emergency Operation Center is functioning 24 X 7. A toll free telephone 1077 is available. Computers with Internet connectivity, smart phone with whatsapp facility.

Divisional Disaster Management Team

The Revenue Divisional Officers are responsible for the relief operation in their divisions and they are designated as Divisional Zonal Officers. To assist the divisional level officer, each Taluk is placed under the supervision of one Deputy Collector, Rank Officer and he will be called Additional Zonal Officer. This additional Zonal Officer‟s shall operate from the Taluk headquarters. The Revenue Divisional Officers and their staffs consist of Divisional Disaster Management Team.

1. Early Warning Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Sub Collector, Kallakurichi. 2. Personal Assistant to Collector (General), Kallakurichi. 3. Revenue Divisional Officer, Tirukoilur. 4. Spl. Tahsildar (DM), Kallakurichi.

2. Search, Rescue & Evacuation Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Deputy Superintendent of Police, Kallakurichi, Tirukoilur, Ulundurpet. 2. Divisional Fire Officer, Kallakurichi. 3. Additional Director (Panchayat), Kallakurichi. 4. All Tahsildars, Kallakurichi District.

3. Shelter and Relief Team (Food, Water and Sanitation) Sl. Team Members No. 1. District Revenue Officer, Kallakurichi. 2. Project Director, DRDA, Villupuram, Kallakurichi (IC). 3. Joint Registrar, (Cooperatives), Kallakurichi. 4. Executive Officers, (Town Panchayats), Kallakurichi. 5. Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi.

4. Waterways Management including eviction of Encroachments Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Assistant Engineer (PWD-WRO), Vellar Basin, Kallakurichi. 2. Superintending Engineer, (TNEB), Villupuram, Kallakurichi (IC). 3. Additional Personal Assistant to Collector, (Land), Kallakurichi. 4. Sub divisional Engineer, (Highways), Kallakurichi.

5. All DSPs Kallakurichi District. 6. Assistant Director (Panchayats), Kallakurichi. 7. Executive Officers, (Town Panchayats), Kallakurichi. 8. Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi.

5. Public Health Team(First Aid) Sl. Team Members No. 1. Dean, Government Medical College Hospital, Kallakurichi. 2. Joint Director, (Health Services), Kallakurichi 3. Deputy Director, (Health Services), Kallakurichi. 4. Assistant Director, Animal Husbandry, Kallakurichi.

6. Media Management Team(Including Social Media) Sl. Team Members No. 1. Public Relations Officers, Kallakurichi. 2. District Social Welfare Officer, Villupuram, Kallakurichi (IC). 7. Highways Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Project Officer, (NHAI), Villupuram. 2. All Assistant Divisional Engineer, (Highways), Kallakurichi.

8. Traffic Management Team (Transport Arrangement) Sl. Team Members No. 1. All Branch Managers, (TNSTC), Kallakurichi. 2. Regional Transport officer, Ulundurpet.

9. Flood Patrolling Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. All Assistant Engineer (PWD) (WRO), Vellar Basin, Kallakurichi. 2. All Assistant Engineer (PWD), (Construction & Building), Kallakurichi. 3. All Assistant Engineer, District Rural Development Agency, Kallakurichi.

10. Damage Assessment Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Assistant Executive Engineer, (PWD-C&B), Kallakurichi. 2. Assistant Executive Engineer, (PWD), (WRD), Kallakurichi. 3. Executive Engineer, Rural Development Kallakurichi. 4. Divisional Engineer, Highways, Kallakurichi. 5. Joint Director, (Agriculture), Kallakurichi. 6. Deputy Director, (Horticulture), Kallakurichi. 7. Assistant Director, (Seri Culture), Kallakurichi. 8. Assistant Director, (Animal Husbandry), Kallakurichi. 9. Superintending Engineer, TNEB, Kallakurichi. 10. Branch Management (BSNL), Kallakurichi. 11. All Revenue Officers, Kallakurichi District.

11. Relief Receiving Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Sub Collector, Kallakurichi. 2. Personal Assistant to Collector (General), Kallakurichi. 3. Project Officer, DRDA, Kallakurichi. 4. Deputy Director, (Health Services),

Kallakurichi 5. Joint Director, (Agriculture), Kallakurichi. 6. Personal Assistant to Collector, (Agriculture), Kallakurichi. 7. Assistant Director, (Animal Husbandry), Kallakurichi.

12. Relief Disbursement Team Sl. Team Members No. 1. Sub Collector, Kallakurichi. 2. Revenue Divisional Officer, Tirukoilur. 3. District Supply Officer, Kallakurichi. 4. District Backward Class Welfare Officer, Kallakurichi. 5. District Adi Dravidar Welfare Officer, Kallakurichi. 6. Deputy Director, (Health Services), Kallakurichi 7. Block Medical Officers, Kallakurichi. 8. Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi. 9. Executive Officers, (Town Panchayats), Kallakurichi District.

Inter departmental Zonal teams

Inter departmental zonal teams (23) are formed under the leadership of Revenue authority. The team members are drawn from Rural Development, Fire services,PWD, Agriculture, Highways, Health Services, Animal Husbandry departments. etc have been formed. In Kallakurichi District, the Inter-Departmental Zonal teams are formed in view of North East Monsoon 2020 preparedness work.

Team No - 01 - Kallakurichi Firka Dr.D.Suresh,B.V.Sc.,&AH., Personal Assistant to Collector(General)

Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9444605018 Land line: 04151-223001 Thiru. K.Prabakaran, Tahsildar, Kallakurichi. Head of the Team: Cell No - 9445000519. Name of Team Mobile SI.No members Designation Number (Thiruvalargal) 1 Bharathi Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi 7397389324 Dy.Block Development Officer, 2 V. Parvathi 9442442020 Kallakurichi 3 Senthilkumar Asst.Agriculture Officer, Thiyagadurgam 9786006224 Medical Officer UPHC(Town) 4 Dr.Sivakumar 9944325323 Kallakurichi 5 Dr. Nirmala Asst.Director (Animal Husbandry), Indili 9443697574 6 Manikandan Co-operative Sub-Registrar, Kallakurichi 9003765352 7 Neethidevan Asst.Director(Highways), Kallakurichi 9444024271 8 Vijayakumar Inspector Of Police, Kallakurichi 9498195161 Irrigation Assistant, 9 Bernard Suthagar, 9894946169 PWD(WRO),Kallakurichi 10 Subramani Road Inspector, Highways, Kallakurichi 8072099328 Assistant 11 Yasar Arafat 8608505875 Engineer(Buildings),Kallakurichi 12 Sathishkumar Revenue Inspector, Kallakurichi 8220306784

Team No - 02 - Indili Firka Dr.D.Suresh,B.V.Sc.,&AH., Personal Assistant to Collector(General)

Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9444605018 Land line: 04151-223001 Thiru. Panneerselvam, Special Officer(ADW), Head of the Team: Kallakurichi. Cell No - 99942442409 SI. Name of Team members Designation Mobile No (Thiruvalargal) Number Dy.Block Development Officer, 1 A. Ganesan 7402603192 Kallakurichi 2 Dr. Balachandar Medical Officer, Ammakalathur 9487152357 Assistant Engineer, Highways Dept, 3 V. Karthikeyan 9840853717 Kallakurichi 4 A. Sekar Fire safety officer, Kallakurichi 9487269486 Asst.Surgeon(Vetrinary), Mobile clinic, 5 Dr.K.S.Gopi 9894189280 Kallakurichi 6 Selvanayagam Sub-Inspector of Police, Kallakurichi 9443844332 Assistant Agriculture Officer, 7 Periyapillai 9944118956 Thiyagadurgam 8 Selvakumar Revenue Inspector, Indili 7339665429 Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 9 Savitha 9840243658 Kallakurichi

Team No - 03 - Thiyagadurgam Firka

Tmt.Rathinamala,

Asst. Director( Panchayat),Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9047044161 Tmt. Kamalam,Spl. Tahsildar(SSS), Kallakurichi. Head of the Team: Cell No - 6380914447 SI.No Name of Team Designation Mobile members Number (Thiruvalargal)

1 Rajendiran Block Development Officer, Kallakurichi 7402606426

Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 2 Ramachandran 9095081577 Thiyagadurgam 3 Krishnamurthy Fire Station Officer, Kallakurichi 9445086491 4 Mahalingam Block Medical Supervisor, Melur 9442444133 5 Vinothini PWD(WRO), Kallakurichi 8056456774

6 Perumal Asst.Surgeon(Vetrinary) Nagalur 9788122542

7 Vaamalai Asst. Director(Horticulture),Kallakurichi 9787237797 9443536328 8 Moorthy Inspector of Police, Thiyagadurgam 9498164297 9 A. Baskar Revenue Inspector, Thiyagadurgam 9600850127

Team No - 04 - Nagalur Firka Tmt.Rathinamala, Asst. Director( Panchayat), Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9047044161 Thiru. Ananthasayanan, Special Tahsildar(CS), Head of the Team: Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9445000203. SI. Name of Team Designation Mobile No members Number (Thiruvalargal) 1 P. Gomathi Executive Officer, Thiyagadurugam 7824058356 Town Panchayat Ganesan Block Development Officer, 7402606445 2 Thiyagadurgam 3 Dr.M.Santhoshkumar Medical Surgeon, Thiyagadurgam 9962382730 Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 4 Ramachandran 9095081577 Thiyagadurgam Superintendent(Highways), 5 K. Rajavel 9585381958 Kallakurichi 6 Dr. Perumal Asst.Surgeon(Vetrinary), Thimmalai 9788122542 Asst.Agriculature Officer, 7 Gnanavel 9953357410 Thiyagadurgam Asst.Director(Horticulture), 8 Uma 8072330491 Thiyagadurgam 9 Balu Revenue Inspector, Nagalur 9789549988

10 Krishnamurthy Fire Station Officer, Kallakurichi 9445086491

11 Vinothini PWD(WRO), Kallakurichi 8056456774 12 Selvaraj Sub-Inspector Of Police. Varanjaram 9498107374 Asst. Engineer, PWD(Buildings), 12 Yasar Arafat 9600665928 Kallakurichi

Team No - 05 - Chinnasalem Firka Thiru.H.S.Srikanth,I.A.S., Sub Collector,

Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9445000421 Land line: 04151-224790 Tmt. R. Valarmathi, Tahsildar, Chinnasalem. Head of the Team: Cell No - 9445461907, 9786300432 , Land line : 04151 257400 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 S.Chandrakumar Executive Officer, Chinnasalem Town 7824058350 Panchayat 2 Mathiyazhagan Block Medical Officer, Chinnasalem 7639222516 3 Manonmani Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 8012862914 Chinnasalem 4 Sekar Station Fire Officer, Chinnasalem 9487269486 5 Raja Inspector of Police, Chinnasalem 9994922033 9498166001 6 Prabakaran Sub Inspector of police, Chinnasalem 9566351212 7 Mani Revenue Inspector, Chinnasalem 9843124648 8 Duraisamy Block Development Officer, 7402606430 Chinnasalem 9 Sivalingam Assistant Engineer, TNEB Office, 9445855825 Chinnasalem. 10 Prabhu Assistant Engineer , PWD (WRO), 9629116089 Chinnasalem 11 Sutha Senior Veterinary Doctor, 9942233188 Chinnasalem 12 Manivel Branch Manager, TNSTC, 9445021241 Chinnasalem 13 Sathyaraj Assistant Horticulture Officer, 9966714589 Chinnasalem 14 Karunanithi Technical Assistant, PWD Building, 8489382414 Kallakurichi.

Team No - 06 - Vadakanandhal Firka Thiru.H.S.Srikanth,I.A.S., Sub Collector,

Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9445000421 Land line: 04151-224790 Thiru. J. Vijayprabakaran, Head of the Team: Spl. Tahsildar(SSS), Chinnasalem. Cell No - 9751225144 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile Number 1 Thiru.Arumugam Executive Officer, Town Panchayat, 7824058360 Vadakkanandal 2 Thiru. Manikandan Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 9003765352 Kallakurichi

3 Tmt.Valli Inspector of Police, 9498153876 Kachirayapalayam 4 Thiru. Rajendiran Spl.Sub Inspector of Police, 9489228833 Kachirayapalayam 5 Thiru. Nageswaran Station Fire Officer, Kallakurichi 9384360133 6 Tmt. Sathyapriya AE, PWD, Buildings, Kallakurichi 7989557802 7 Tmt. Padma Revenue Inspector, Vadakanandhal 8870494146 8 Thiru. Sudharsan Assistant Executive Engineer, PWD, 7708623565 WRO, Kallkurichi 9 Thiru. Arumugam Deputy BDO, Kallakurichi 9865594868 10 Thiru. Sivakumar Assistant Engineer, TNEB Office 9445855815 11 Thiru. Jayakumar Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9486061037 Kallakurichi

Team No - 07 - Nainarpalaiyam Firka Thiru.H.S.Srikanth,I.A.S., Sub Collector, Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9445000421 Land line: 04151-224790 Thiru. M.Pandiyan Head of the Team: Spl.Tahsildar(CS), Chinnasalem. Cell No - 9597813716 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru. Kumaran Deputy Block Development Officer, 9786521590 Chinnasalem 2 Dr.Avanya Block Medical Officer, 9791666116 Nainarpalayam 3 Manonmaniam Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 8012862914 Chinnasalem 4 Thiru.Sekar Station Fire Officer, Chinnasalem 9487269486 5 Thiru. Saminathan Sub Inspector of Police, 9443907872 Keezhkuppam 6 Selvi.J.Gandhimathi Revenue Inspector, Nainarpalayam 9629598005 7 Thiru. Raja TNEB Office, Nainarpalayam 9445855833 8 Thiru. Ramachandiran Assistant Engineer , PWD (WRO) 9791446873 9 Tmt.Sutha Veterinary Doctor, Nainarpalayam 8637648376 10 Minigowthamy Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9578992773 Chinnasalem 11 Thiru.Karunanithi Technical Assistant, PWD Building, 8489382414 Kallakurichi.

Team No - 08 - Sankarapuram Firka

Thiru.S.Saravanan, Assistant Commissioner(Excise), Nodal Officer Kallkurichi. Cell No: 9597796674

Thiru. Natarajan, Tahsildar, Sankarapuram. Head of the Team: Cell No - 9445000520 Name of Team Mobile SI.No Designation members (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru. Ramamoorthi Fire Officer, Sankarapuram 8508167785 Special Sub Inspector of Police, 2 Thiru. Sowgath Ali Sankarapuram. 9443282957

9445031606 3 Thiru.Thirumalai Revenue Inspector, Sankarapuram 9629026455

4 Thiru.Sambathkumar Executive Officer, Sankarapuram 9442455886

Assistant Executive Engineer, TNEB 5 Thiru.Noormuhammad 9445855720 Office, Sankarapuram Assistant Engineer , PWD 6 Thiru. Ramesh (Buildings), Sankarapuram. 8754733229

7 Thiru.Ashok Veterinary Doctor, Pudhupattu 9865934997 Road Inspector, Highways, 8 Thiru. Kathirvel 9442795442 Sankarapuram.

Team No - 09 - Alathur Firka Thiru.S.Saravanan, Assistant Commissioner(Excise), Nodal Officer Kallkurichi. Cell No: 9597796674

Thiru.P. Venkatesan, Zonal Deputy Tahsildar, Sankarapuram. Head of the Team: Cell No: 9751924296

SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile Number Doctor (Primary Healthcare 1 Dr.Pankajam 9443747907 Centre), PMO, Kallakurichi Station Fire Officer, 2 Thiru.Ayyappan 7639830756 Kallakurichi Sub-Inspector of Police, 3 Thiru. Rajendiran 9489228833 Vadakanandhal 4 Thiru.Dhamotharan Revenue Inspector, Alathur 8098977927

Block Development Officer - II, 5 Thiru.JosephAnantharaj 9787055668 Kallakurichi. Junior Engineer (Electrical), 6 Thiru.Vishwanathan 9445855727 TNEB, Alathur. Assistant Engineer , PWD 8056456774 7 Vinothini (WRO), Kallakurichi Assistant Engineer , PWD 8122613108 8 Thiru.Sharma (Buildings), Kallakurichi Veterinary Doctor, 9 Thiru.Balaji 9994992386 Cholampattu Assistant Agriculture Officer , 10 Devi 8489615743 Alathur. Road Inspector, Highways, 11 Thiru. Kathirvel Alathur.

Team No - 10 - Vadaponparapi Firka Thiru.S.Saravanan, Assistant Commissioner(Excise), Nodal Officer Kallkurichi. Cell No: 9597796674 Thiru.Vairakannan, TSO, Sankarapuram. Head of the Team: Cell No: 8618586749.

Name of Team members Mobile SI.No Designation (Thiruvalargal) Number Doctor (Primary Healthcare Centre), 1 Thiru.Dr.Sambathkumar 9940524878 PMO, Pudhupattu. 2 Thiru.Ayyappan Station Fire Officer, Sankarapuram 7639830756 Sub-Inspector of Police, 3 Thiru. Ravi 9384428358 Vadaponparappi Revenue Inspector, 9445031607 4 Thiru.Annamalai Vadaponparappi 9751225149 Block Development Officer, 5 Thiru.Narayanasamy 7402606441 Sankarapuram Assistant Executive Engineer, TNEB 6 Thiru.Rangasamy 9445855723 Office, Sankarapuram Assistant Executive Engineer , 9444171404 7 Thiru. Narayanan PWD (WRO),Sankarapuram 8667450876 8 Thiru.Manimaran Veterinary Doctor, Vadaponparappi 9566898887 Assistant Director ,Horticulture, 9 Thiru.Murugan 8610356837 Sankarapuram. Assistant Director, Agriculture, 10 Thiru.Vijayakumar 9976971441 Sankarapuram.

Road Inspector, Highways, 12 Thiru. Sekar 9677384309 Sankarapuram.

Team No - 11 - Rishivanthiyam and Ariyalur Firka Thiru.Prabakaran Deputy Registrar(Co.op.) Nodal Officer Kallkurichi. Cell No: 9488639863 Thiru.Pandiyan, Special Tahsildar (SSS), Head of the Team: Sankarapuram. Cell No: 9443068725 Name of Team members SI.No Designation Mobile Number (Thiruvalargal) Doctor (Primary Healthcare 1 Thiru.Dr.Jayabal 7094627321 Centre), PMO, Rishivanthiyam 2 Thiru.Mukesh Station Fire Officer, Sankarapuram 9894805866 Sub-Inspector of Police, Pagandai 3 Thiru. Gopi 8220533135 Road 4 Thiru.Thanasekaran Revenue Inspector, Ariyalur 8870695808 Revenue Inspector, 5 Thiru.Sathishkumar 8220306784 Rishivanthiyam Block Development Officer, 6 Thiru.Selvaganesh 7094238401 Rishivanthiyam Junior Engineer (Electrical), 7 Thiru.Sathiyaprakasam 9445855730 Ariyalur Junior Engineer (Electrical), 8 Thiru.G.Venkatasaram 9445855881 Rishivanthiyam. Assistant Executive Engineer , 9444171404 9 Thiru. Narayanan PWD (WRO), Rishivanthiyam 10 Thiru.Gunasekaran Veterinary Doctor, Melsiruvallur 9884778851 Assistant Director ,Horticulture, 11 Thiru.Sornam 8610356837 Rishivanthiyam. Agriculture Officer , 12 Thiru.Rajkumar 8610869179 Rishivanthiyam. Road Inspector, Highways, 13 Thiru. Subramaniyan 8072099328 Rishivanthiyam.

Team No - 12 - Vellimalai Firka

Thiru.K.PrakashVel, Project Officer, Tribal Welfare Office,

Kallakurichi. Nodal Officer : Cell No - 9840556747

Tmt. R. Rajalakshmi, Tahsildar, Kalvarayan Hills. Head of the Team: Cell No - 9442969223 Land line : 04151-242333 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile (Thiruvalargal) Number Doctor (Primary Health care centre) 1 Thiru.Periyasamy 6379079685 , Vellimalai Zonal Deputy Block Development 2 Thiru.S. Palanivel 9843437006 Officer, Vellimalai Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 3 Tmt.A. Inbamathi 8610432815 Vellimalai 4 Thiru. Sekar Station Fire Officer, Vellimalai 9445086531 Special Inspector of Police, 5 Thiru. K.Subramani 9438168321 Vellimalai 6 Thiru. M.Jaganathan Revenue Inspector, Vellimalai 8072805826 Junior Engineer (Elecrical), 7 Thiru.Kanagaraj 9445857168 Vellimalai Assistant Engineer , PWD, 8 Thiru. Narayanan 9444171404 Vellimalai Assistant Veterinary Doctor, 9 Thiru.K.Karthikeyan 9976314615 Vellimalai Junior Engineer, 10 Thiru. K.Neethithevan 9444024271 Highways (Buildings), Vellimalai Assistant Horticulture Officer, 11 Thiru. Muthusamy 9786232345 Vellimalai

Team No - 13 - Cherapattu Firka Thiru.K.PrakashVel, Project Officer, Tribal Welfare Office, Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9840556747 Thiru.Sathiyanarayanan, Special Tahsildar(SSS), Head of the Team: Kalvarayan Hills. Cell No: 9994497977 Name of Team members Mobile SI.No Designation (Thiruvalargal) Number Doctor (Primary Health Care 1 Thiru.Dr.Pradap 8300673762 Centre), Cherapattu. Zonal Deputy Block Development 7402903276 2 Thiru.K.Prabakaran Officer, Cherapattu. 9965023717

3 Thiru. Iyappan Station Fire Officer, Cherapattu. 9445086494 Special Inspector of Police, 4 Thiru.V.Subramani 9498153692 Cherapattu. Special Revenue Inspector, 5 Thiru. P.Vengatesan 8072805826 Vellimalai Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 6 Tmt.A. Inbamathi 8610432815 Vellimalai Junior Engineer(Electrical), 7 Thiru.Akbar Ali 9445855736 TNEB Office, Cherapattu. Assistant Engineer , PWD , 8 Thiru. Narayanan 9444171404 Cherapattu. Assistant Veterinary Doctor, 9 Thiru. K.Lavanya 9962758204 Cherapattu. Assistant Horticulture Officer, 10 Tmt.K.Bakiyaraj 9943356530 Cherapattu.

Junior Engineer, Highways 11 Thiru.G.Prabakaran 9442627996 (Buildings), Cherapattu.

Team No - 14 - Ulundurpet Firka Thiru.N. Kumar, Additional Personal Assistant to Collector (Land) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9443017493 Thiru. Kadhar Ali, Tahsildar, Ulundurpet. Head of the Team: Cell No - 9445000522 Land line : SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile Number 1 Thiru. Balamurugan Executive Officer, Ulundurpet Town 8248757335 Panchayat 2 Tmt. Nalinibose Senior Medical Officer, Ulundurpet 9790948555 3 Tmt. Poonkodi Assistant Engineer , PWD, 9488449005 Ulundurpet 4 Tmt. Manonmani Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 8012862914 Ulundurpet 5 Thiru. Akilan Sub Inspector of Police, Ulundurpet 9498186671 6 Tmt. Jamunarani Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 9629216784 7 Thiru. Senkuttuvan Revenue Inspector, Ulundurpet 8248757335 8 Thiru.Pannerselvam Block Development Officer, 7402606360 Ulundurpet 9 Thiru. Tamilmani Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 9486349732 Ulundurpet 10 Thiru. Vadivel Assistant Agriculture 9994507944 Officer,Ulunthupet

Team No - 15 - Sengurichi Firka

Thiru.N. Kumar, Additional Personal Assistant to Collector(Land) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9443017493 Thiru. Gopalakrishnan, Head of the Team: Spl.Tahsildar(SSS), Ulundurpet. Cell No - 7094339210 SI. Name of Team Designation Mobile No members (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru. Srinivasan Block Development Officer, 7402606361 2 Tmt.Sabitha Assistant Engineer, Ulundurpet 9942457736 3 Thiru. Kamalakannan Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 7338749723 Thirunavalur 4 Thiru.Senthamarai Assistant, EB 8428400577 5 Thiru. Venkatesan Sub Inspector of Police, Ulundurpet 9498152151 6 Thiru. Pandian Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 9865402875 7 Thiru. Manikkammal Revenue Inspector, Senkurichi 6384612180 8 Thiru. Manohar Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 9965923969 Ulundurpet 9 Thiru. Pugazhenthi Assistant Agriculture Officer, 6380539094 Thirunavalur

Team No - 16 - Thirunavalur Firka Tmt. Indiragandhi Deputy Director( Horticulture) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9487092361 Thiru. R.Kannan, Head of the Team: Spl.Tahsildar(Southern Railway), Ulundurpet. Cell No - 8248185130 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile Number 1 Thiru. Panneerselvam Block Development Officer, 7402606360 Ulundurpet 2 Tmt.Selvi Medical Officer, Thirunavalur 9787295821 3 Thiru. Kamalakannan Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 7338749723 Thirunavalur 4 Thiru. Prasanna Engineer , PWD(WRO), 9787108409 Ulundurpet 5 Thiru. Guruparan Sub-Inspector of Police, 8056946046 Ulundurpet 7 Thiru. Balakrishnan Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 8754966033 8 Tmt. Shanavaz Revenue Inspector, Thirunavalur 9344428843 9 Tmt.Amsalakshmi Assistant Executive Engineer(EB), 9445855915 Upt 10 Thiru.N.Neeresh Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 994254066 Ulundurpet 11 Thiru. Govindaraj Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9940669943 Ulundurpet

Team No - 17 - Eraiyur Firka Tmt. Indragandhi Deputy Director( Horticulture) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9487092361 Thiru. Arulmani, Head of the Team: Zonal Deput Tahsildar, Ulundurpet. Cell No - SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile Number (Thiruvalargal) 1 Thiru. Panneerselvam Block Development Officer, 7402606360 Ulundurpet 2 Thiru. Rajesh Medical Officer 9944687792 3 Tmt. Manonmani Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 8012862914 Ulundurpet 4 Tmt. Poongodi Asst. Engineer, Ulundurpet 9488449005 5 Thiru. Velmurugan Inspector of Police, 9498152441 Aragandanallur 7 Thiru. Balakrishnan Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 8754966033 8 Thiru.Manimaran Revenue Inspector, Eraiyur 8754670601 9 Thiru.Thulasiraman Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 6374371313 Ulundurpet 10 Thiru.Balamurugan Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9442969328 Ulundurpet Team No - 18 - Elavanasurkottai Firka Thiru.Anbazhagan, Assistant Director( Agriculture) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9443844332 Thiru. Somasundaram, Head of the Team: Zonal Deputy Tahsildar, Ulundurpet. Cell No - SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru. Vasu Dy.Block Development Officer, 7402902972 Ulundurpet 2 Tmt.Thenmozhi Medical Officer, 9865630762 Elavanasurkottai 3 Tmt. Manonmani Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 8012862914 Ulundurpet 4 Thiru.Karthikeyan Junior Engineer(EB) 9445855906 5 Tmt. Sureshkumar Sub Inspector of Police, 9443481320 Arakandanallur 7 Thiru. Balakrishnan Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 8754966033 8 Tmt. Ahilamery Revenue Inspector, 9176809560 Elavanasurkottai 9 Thiru.N.Sureshkumar Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 9842916869 Ulundurpet 10 Thiru. Gunasekaran Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9943303522 Ulundurpet

Team No - 19 - Kalamaruthur Firka Thiru.Anbazhagan, Assistant Director( Agriculture) Nodal Officer : Kallakurichi. Cell No - 9443844332 Thiru. Antonyraj, Head of the Team: Election Deputy Tahsildar, Ulundurpet. Cell No - 9976888195 SI.No Name of Team members Designation Mobile (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru. Premalatha Deputy Block Development 7402902973 Officer, Ulundurpet 2 Thiru.Muthukrishnan Medical Officer 9566005824 3 Thiru. Kamalakannan Co-operative Sub-Registrar, 7338749723 Thirunavalur 4 Thiru. Viji Inspector of Police, Thirunavalur 9498153247 5 Thiru. Pichaya Fire Station Officer, Ulundurpet 9445086497 6 Thiru. Shanmugam Revenue Inspector, Kalamaruthur 9585868561 7 Thiru.N.Sureshkumar Assistant surgeon(veterinary), 9842916869 Ulundurpet 8 Thiru. Rajesh Assistant Agriculture Officer, 9943764020 Ulundurpet

Team No - 20 - Thiruppalapandhal Firka Thiru.Subramaniyan, Assistant Director(Agriculture), Nodal Officer Thirunavalur Cell No: 9443044718

Thiru.Sargunam, Tahsildar(ADW), Ulundurpet. Head of the Team: Cell No: Name of Team members Mobile SI.No Designation (Thiruvalargal) Number 1 Thiru.Praveen Kumar Block Medical Officer, Edaiyur 9500014490 2 Thiru.AjithKumar Station Fire Officer, Tirukoilur 9566538631 Inspector of Police, 3 Thiru. Rathinasabapathy 9498106999 Thiruppalapandhal Revenue Inspector, 4 Thiru.Suresh 9080903038 Thiruppalapandhal Deputy Block Development 5 Thiru.Sundharamoorthy 7904193202 Officer, Tirukoilur

Assistant Engineer, TNEB Office, 6 Thiru.Raja 7010905365 Tirukoilur. Junior Engineer , PWD (Buildings), 7 Thiru. Ganesan 9442171592 Tirukoilur

8 Thiru.SedhuMadhavan Veterinary Doctor 9840105878 Assistant Horticulture Officer, 9 Thiru.Govindhan 9047708242 Thiruppalapandhal Assistant Agriculture Officer, 10 Tmt.Jayapradha 9787167317 Thiruppalapandhal.

11 Tmt. Malarkodi Road Inspector, Tirukoilur 7200702298

Team No - 21- Avikolappakkam Firka/ Tirukoilur Firka Selvi.K.Saivardhini, Revenue Divisional Officer, Nodal Officer Tirukoilur. Cell No: 9445000422 Thiru.Sivasankaran, Thasildar, Tirukoilur. Head of the Team: Cell No: 9445000521. Mobile SI.No Name of Team members Designation Number Doctor (Primary Healthcare Centre), 1 Thiru.K.Suresh 9786613111 Tirukoilur 2 Thiru.S.Ramalingam Station Fire Officer, Tirukoilur 8072127433 3 Thiru. Gunabalan Sub-Inspector of Police, Tirukoilur 9445779124 Revenue Inspector, 4 Thiru.Pandiyan 7305700834 Avikolappakkam Zonal Deputy Block Development 5 Thiru.Dhinagarababu 9786613111 Officer, Tirukoilur Junior Engineer, TNEB Office, 6 Tmt.Thangam 9445855870 Tirukoilur. Assistant Engineer , PWD 7 Thiru. Balaji 9884870856 (Buildings), Thirukoilur 8 Thiru.G.Alamarathan Veterinary Doctor, Tirukoilur 9443681349 Assistant Horticulture Officer, 9 Thiru.Govindhan 9047708242 Tirukoilur. Assistant Agriculture Officer, 10 Thiru.S.Mahadevan 9659632749 Tirukoilur.

Assistant Divisional Engineer, 11 Thiru.Thirunavukkarasu 9443526508 Thirukoilur.

Team No - 22 - Manalurpettai Firka Selvi.K.Saivardhini,

Revenue Divisional Officer, Nodal Officer : Tirukoilur. Cell No: 9445000422 Thiru.Arungulavan, Special Tahsildar (SSS), Head of the Team: Tirukoilur. Cell No: 9367777598 Name of Team members SI.No Designation Mobile Number (Thiruvalargal) Doctor (Primary Health Care 1 Thiru.Jayapal 7094627321 Centre), Manalurpettai 2 Thiru. Selvakumar Station Fire Officer, Tirukoilur 7092229112 Sub - Inspector of Police, 3 Thiru. Raja 9498152289 Manalurpettai 4 Thiru. Balamurugan Revenue Inspector, Manalurpettai 9629840781 Block Development Officer, 5 Thiru.K.SamRaj 7402606344 Mugaiyur Assistant Engineer, TNEB Office, 6 Thiru.Vengadajalam 9445855876 Manalurpettai. Assistant Engineer , PWD , 7 Thiru. Balaji 9884870856 Tirukoilur 8 Thiru. Narendiran Veterinary Doctor 9843815055 Assistant Horticulture Officer, 9 Tmt.Joshpin Mery 9080285193 Manalurpettai. Assistant Agriculture Officer, 10 Thiru.Sivakumar 8012972720 Manalurpettai. 11 Thiru.Ilanjezhiyan Assistant Engineer, Thirukoilur 9443231768

The Duties and responsibilities of Zonal Teams

1. The team should discuss with the First Responders, NGOs, and they should sensitize the Public living in that area, awareness should be created to Private Institutions, Educational Institutions and Hospitals “How to react during the emergency situations”.

2. The team should identify the landslide prone areas, ensure th culverts are cleaned, encroachments are removed in water bodies and identify the alternative roads for Highly Vulnerable / Vulnerable areas which are likely to be affected during the flood/ Landslides.

3. The team should have coordination with Fire Services department during the Mock Drill / Rescue and Relief Works.

4. The team should inspect the Permanent Shelters / Temporary Shelters in their Zones and to ensure the availability of Basic Amenities. If anything is

not available it may be reported to the department concerned to rectify the above defects immediately.

5. The team should conduct meeting with First Respondents, Snake catchers and swimmers at their respective areas.

6. The team should update contact Directory.

7. The team should inspect safety of Schools, Hospitals, Buildings, Dams and Electrical installation and same communicate to District Collector.

8. The team should inspect Building safety, if the people living in the dilapidated buildings, should Vacated. The weak compound Walls should be identified and demolished.

9. The team should inspect working condition of EWS and Rain Gauge Station.

10. The teams should download TNSMART and give wide publicity to public regarding download and usage of this App.

11. The teams should also inspect pot holes in Highways and other roads, pruning of tree branches checking of low-lying / Hanging power lines.

12. Zonal teams should ensure check measures in place for the differently abled and other Vulnerable sections.

13. The team should identify the alternate roads for the roads which are going to be affected during the flood / landslides.

14. The team should identify the additional buildings that are suitable for organizing relief camps in Villages, Town Panchayats and Municipalities in addition to regular shelters in the views of current Covid-19 situations due to maintaining of Social distance will reduce capacity of the shelters.

15. The team should inspect existing shelters in the purview of social distancing and to estimate the number of people shall be accommodated with social distancing to ensure that Covid-19 spread does not happen in the exiting relief shelters during flood period.

16. The team should ensure all shelters be disinfected thrice per day by the concerned Local bodies during the flood period.

17. The team should ensure all the inmates are thermal screened and not having any fever, Cough or any Covid-19 Symptoms.

18. The team should ensure all the inmates of the shelter shall wear Masks and using Sanitizer or Soaps with water for hand washing before accommodating the shelters.

19. The team to ensure the distribution of Kabasurakudineer and supplements to the inmates of the shelters accommodated during flood period.

20. The team should coordinate with the Early Warning Committee, Search and Rescue Committee, Evacuation Committee and Relief Centre / Management Committee during the emergency situation.

21. Apart from that the Team while visiting their areas should create the awareness of social distancing, Hand washing, Wear of Masks, etc., among the local residents.

22. The Team members should get in touch with local Medical authorities to inform if any persons identified with Covid-19 symptoms for further actions.

23. The team finds out any lapses on the works carried out by various line departments on disaster management, they have to report to the Collector as well as department concerned immediately to rectify the lapses.

State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)

State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been constituted with Police and armed Police, Chennai. They have been trained in disaster management and rescue operations in consultation with National Disaster Response Force (NDRF. Government of Tamil Nadu has issued orders to establish the Tamil Nadu Disaster Response Force (TNDRF) on the lines of NDRF to respond to both Natural and Manmade disasters.

Emergency Management Contact Directory

An emergency Management contact directory containing contact numbers of all nodal officials in disaster management at District level, Taluk level / block level of the Government, NGOs and community has been prepared and maintained. The directory has been uploaded in the district website. The DDMA has developed a comprehensive resource inventory in disaster Management and emergency response and uploaded in the district website. This system gives the location of specific equipment and resources as well the controlling authority for that resource so that it can be mobilized in the shortest possible time.

Armed Force

The Armed forces are deployed often when the crisis situation is far beyond the State Government to manage and agencies need help due to the magnitude of the disaster.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is located at Arakonam, Vellore district and Chennai. The assistance of NDRF is provided to the district in the event of disastersituation.

Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)

It is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. NYKS volunteers have traditionally been in the forefront of assisting the civil administration in times of disasters. They will be involved in time of disaster situations.

India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)

India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) is a web based information system for managing the inventory of the equipment, skilled human resources and critical supplies for emergency response in the entire country. The resources particulars are being updated every year. The IDRN network will enable quick access to resources to minimize response time inemergencies.

India Meteorological Department (IMD)

India Meteorological Department monitors meteorological / weather information/ bulletins, warning, announcements and continuously communicates with disaster managers for preparedness. The meteorological department undertakesobservation,communications,forecastingandweatherinformationservi ces. During the times of cyclone and flood seasons the IMD forecast bulletins are closely watched and preparatory actions aretaken.

Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad Indian National center for Ocean Information Services is a National agency of the Government of India. It provides the coastal and ocean 47

information services and supports coastal zone management in the country. The ocean parameters envisaged for dissemination include the wind, wave, current, mixed layer depth, and maps on coral reef, mangroves, shore line change and land use pattern. INCOIS has already put in place an early warning system for Tsunami through which it alters the coastal states.

National Remote Sensing Center(NRSC)

The National Remote sensing center is an operational center for receiving and distributing the remote sensing data models such as optical and radar images for applications like Natural Resource Management, Disaster management and Flood Management.

National Service Scheme(NSS) NSS is the Social Service unit at the College level and has a vibrant and easily approachable youth force which can reach a spot that is in close proximity to a college in an organized manner to take up Challenges to provide preliminary urgent help, aid and awareness to the victims.

National Cadet Corps(NCC) The NCC cadets will play an important role during search, rescue and evacuation operations.

Industrial Associations

Industries play a pivotal role in protecting industrial areas as well as in supporting Emergency Disaster Response and Recovery in the event of any disaster. The Corporate social responsibility funds available with public and private sector can be dovetailed for mitigation efforts.

Non Government Organizations

NGOs play a key role in Disaster situations and go a long way in plugging the gaps during emergencies, as they often have a good relationship with the local community. They have high potential in creating awareness on disaster risk and vulnerability, initiating appropriate strategies for strengthening the capacity of stake holders.

5. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS DEPARTMENT WISE PREPAREDNESS

REVENUE:  To coordinate the preparedness functions of all the line departments; It is also overall in charge of formulating and implementing the disaster management policies of the state  Ensure adequate resources are allocated for preparedness work for all departments  Main support department for District Disaster Management Authority.  Quick mobilization of resources for relief and rehabilitation to the Disaster spot.  Ensure basic facilities for personnel who work on disaster response.  Prepare a list of potential shelters while clearly specifying their capacity and check upon their suitability for accommodating people.  Maintain, activate and monitor the District Level Emergency Operation Centre  Ensure collation of expense accounts for sanctions and audits and to ensure full accountability for funds utilized through the department. Police  Prepare an operational plan for responding to any type of disaster.

 Impart training to the members of the police force in first aid, evacuation, rescue and relief operations.  prepare an inventory of all manpower and equipment available to be utilied in managing a disaster  keeping police vehicles and other transport in readiness for deployment.  review maintenance of equipment and machinery that will be utilized during a disaster.  Ensure the availability of adequate warning mechanism for evacuation.  Identify alternative routes for possible hot spots

Agri /Horticulture  This department willneeed to prepare a composite Disaster Management Plan for dought related disasters.  The department is the primary agency for assessent of crop damages  organize the distribution of seeds, seedlings, fertilizer and implements to affected farmers  Arrange for keeping stock of certified seeds, fertilizers and pesticides  Determine the types of damage, pests or disease affected crops  setting up extension teams for crop protection and accordingly ensure that extra supplies and materials be obtained

Labour Welfare Department  Issue disaster management guidelines to all the industries and ensure on-site and off-site plans for all industries.  Prepare and disseminate guidelines for labour security and safety.  Prepare and disseminate public awareness material related to chemical accidents.  Revise, update and implement rules and regulations for industrial safety and hazardous waste management.  Ensure that Local Crisis Groups are formed and are functional in place were Major Accident Hazard Industries are located

School Education

 Develop a state disaster management plan for the department.  Preparing curriculum related to disaster management and to introduce at varied levels in the subjects taught.  As students can get hurt easily with falling objects, the institutions should need to do their own safety audit.  Coordinate with local cuthority and carry out mock drills once in a year to ensure safety forthe children who are studying.  Awareness campaigns amongst students and teachers.  Arrange for training of teachers and students of disaster prone areas about the steps to be taken at different stage of disaster and organise them, in coordination with volunteers and inspire them for rescue, evacuation and relief works.  To encourage all schools to prepare school Disaster Management plan in compliance with NDMA guidelines.  Involve Scout and Guides and NCC units in the school in disaster related training and awareness.

TWAD  Identify flood prone areas and activate flood monitoring mechanism.  Often in a flooded area, there will be a shortage of good drinking water. This need has to be made good.  Collect all the information on weather forecast and the water levels of all water storage area.  Draw a schedule for chlorination and other required bacteriological analysis for ensuring safe public water supply.  Keep in readiness essential tool kits and protection meterial at critical places for emergency deployment.  Meterials likely to be damaged by rains, such as cement bags, electric motors, office records etc. should be covered with plastic even though stored inside.  A standby water supply plan should be available in the event of damage or pollution of the regular supply sources in disaster prone areas.

 Make an inventory provision to acquire tankers, Containers and Storage tanks and establish other temporary means of distributing water on an emergency basis.  Prepare plans for water distribution to all transist and relief camps,affected villages and cattle camps and ensure proper execution of these plans.

Transport:  Develop a plan for mobilization of vehicles at short notice and to dovetails it into the disaster management plan for the department.  Carry out survey and report condition of all highway systems at state and district level  prepare an inventory of vehicles, trucks, buses, jeeps, tipper lorries and tractors of government and private agencies district wise and provide the list.  It is the primary agency for dealing with road accidents and in bringing in policies in this area.  Issue standing instructions to the State Transport for providing buses for evacuation and relief.

ROLE OF TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT: The RTO is primarily responsible for transport arrangements. He should earmark sufficient number of private vehicle, lorries, tractors, etc. for transporting food grains, catamarans, boats, medicines, sand bags etc., to the affected area in the event of cyclone and floods. He should keep ready the list of private taxies, with the details of their owners for requisitioning at the time of need. The other departmental officers are requested that if vehicles are needed they may send requisition to the respective unit officers. This arrangement is done for the quick service at the time of contingency so that the vehicles could reach the spot immediately. The R.T.O /Motor Vehicle Inspector are requested that they should be alert stationed in their Headquarters during the time of flood/cyclone.

ROLE OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT: To keep the ready to school buildings in good condition for providing shelter to the affected people. The evacuated persons will be provided shelter in the colleges. High Schools, etc. The Assistant Educational Officer/District Educational officers have to ensure that the school buildings should be spared without any hesitation when demanded by the flood duty officers. The Educational institution authorities the Block Development Officer should arrange to keep open the school building as and when required by the Revenue Authority. The Block Development Officers and the Headmasters are responsible for keeping the school building as and when required by the Revenue authority. The Block Development Officers and the Headmasters are responsible for keeping the school buildings in good conditions. In the case of repairs the Headmasters may contact the Executive Engineer/ Asst. Executive Engineer, PWD (Buildings) of the officer concerned and got the repairs carried out.

ROLE OF ELECTRICITY BOARD:

The Assistant Divisional Engineer, TNEB, Tindivanam will ensure that sufficient number of private generators with trained personnel to operate them are listed out and kept ready or instant mobilisation when situation warrants. The generator available with electricity board and Public Sector Corporation should be identified and their immediate availability ensured. The number available should be intimated. The supervisory field staff should be kept alert that any damages caused to the electric line by falling of trees or to electrical post are repaired immediately and the power supply is resumed without any delay. The TNEB should cut off electricity supply at the time of any disaster so that any electrocution on account of getting contact with live wire could be avoided. The street lights will be switched on only after ensuring that all live wire are taken care of. They should check all the street lights to ensure whether the wiring is in good condition and there are no uncapped wires. Sufficient number of rubber gloves and safety tools will be kept in sub‐station.

Departmental vehicle will have to be kept in good condition. Sufficient number of Petromax lamps and emergency lights will be kept in stock for emergency use in case of failure of electrical sub station. Street lights posts will have to be checked and rusted post which are likely to cause danger shall be removed and new one provided. A control room may be opened in the o/o Assistant Divisional Engineer , TNEB ,which shall function all the 24 hours during the rainy season.

FIRE & RESCUE  To ensure the availability of adequate stock of search and rescue equipments, viz., inflatable rubber boats, life buoys, life jackets and rubber dinghies, etc.  To conduct mock drills in all Taluks and blocks to create awareness among the public.

PWD (Buildings)  To inspect all the cyclone shelters, school buildings, community halls and also private Kalyana Mandapams identified for accommodating the displaced and affected population during the times of evacuation with Revenue Officials .  To ensure that proper power supply and water supply facilities are available in the buildings.  To inspect all public buildings to check for possible clogging of storm water pipes.

PWD (WRO)

 To Desilt all the supply channels and clear all the blockages.  To remove obstructions in inlet and outlet channels, if any, at once.  To issue prior intimation in case of release of excess water from the reservoirs especialy Gomuki and Manimukhtha dam to the local authorities so as to enable them to take necessary precautionary measures like moving the people in low lying to safer places / carry out evacuation.  To have adequate number of sand bags and casuarina trees available at specific storage points.  To inspect dilapidated buildings and take action for demolishing it.

HIGHWAYS  To inspect all the culverts cleaned and desilted and to shape side berms of main roads to allow free flow of water.  To construct in areas of likely water logging on road sides, rainwater harvesting pits / soak pits.  To keep all types of heavy machineries such as bulldozers, JCBs, power saws and other tree cutting equipments, etc., either available with them or with the registered contractors in good condition for the purpose of clearing the obstructions / road blockades caused by fall of trees, electric poles etc., at the time of cyclone / floods during the Northeast Monsoon period.  To prepare and have a list of Private Contractors involved in construction of bridges, road layers, transport operators, etc., and to utilize their services during emergency.  To identify the alternative emergency routes for transportation of people affected by floods in consultation with the district administration.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

 To ensure that management of disaster is taken up as one of the topics for discussion at the GramaSabha meeting conducted in the Village Panchayats on Octorber 2nd at Block Level.

 To instruct BDOs to close the breaches and strengthen weak points of minor irrigation tanks, ooranies, ponds open wells if any, immediately in the water bodies to avoid inundation of low lying areas.  To work on the conversion of defunct borewells into recharge wells  To keep adequate number of gunny bags and sand bags to close the breaches.  To utilize local body to clear any tree fall obstructing the traffic in roads, attending to breaches in water ways / tanks.  To keep a list of public places, community halls, kalyana mandapams with contact numbers to accommodate the affected people.  To advise councils of Municipalities and Town Panchayats to ensure their state of preparedness.

URBAN LOCAL BODIES  To instruct 1 Municipality and 7 Town Panchayats to desilt all the supply channels, clear the blockages, storm water drains in their area and ensure their preparedness for North East Monsoons.  To keep adequate number of gunny bags and sand bags to close the breaches.  To utilize local body to clear any tree fall obstructing the traffic in roads, attending to breaches in water ways / tanks.  To keep a list of public places, community halls, kalyanamandapams with contact numbers to accommodate the affected people.

CIVIL SUPPLIES  District Supply Officer/Senior Regional Manager of Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation/ Joint Registrar of Co-operative services  To keep adequate stock of food grains, kerosene and gunny bags, its storage and movement to Taluk And Firka level.  To make available adequate number of lorries in order to move the essential commodities to the appropriate places. HEALTH

 To ensure the availability of adequate storm of medicine well before the onset of northeast monsoon.

 To ensure adequate stocks of essential medicine, life saving drugs procured and stocked by Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation.  To ensure adequate stock of bleaching powder and chlorine tablets for water disinfection.  To ensure the good working condition of the infrastructural facilities including generator sets, ambulances and medical pick up vans.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY  To ensure the availability of adequate stocks of veterinary medicine in Veterinary Hospitals and to ensure availability of essential drugs viz. antibiotics, drugs such as dextrose, electrolytes and astringents, etc.  To ensure the availability of adequate stock of fodder.  Prepare inventory recourses along witheir contact number  Identify shelters for animals.  Prepare a list of water borne diseases that are preventable by vaccination. Publicize the information about common diseases afflicting livestock and the precautions that need to be taken.  Stock emergency medical equipment which may be required during and post disaster.  Capacity building of all veterinary hospital staff in dealing with likely damages and effects in the aftermath of disaster.  Prepare kits for veterinary diseases, which could be provided to veterinary doctors at the block level and extension officers at the village level. The kits also be provided to village level veterinary volunteers. ELECTRICITY BOARD  To ensure the availability of adequate poles.  Availability of men INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

 The Incident Command System is a recent inception in the disaster administrative mechanism of the country.  This is a tested institutional mechanism with clear objective of coordinating all manpower and other resources.

 In an administrative circle were a large number of line departments with unique features exist, a mechanism like incident command system is much useful.  India has a well-defined administrative structure extending up to the village level.  In the States, usually the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation is the nodal department for disaster management.  The Chief Secretary, as the head of the State administrative machinery, coordinates and supervises the functioning of all departments.  At the District level, the Collector/District Magistrate is the administrative head who coordinates the activities of the district-level departments.  The District is divided into subdivisions, each of which is under the administrative control of a Sub-divisional Officer.  The sub-divisions are further divided into Blocks and Taluks under the administrative control of the Block Development Officer and Tahsildars respectively who coordinate the functioning of the various departments in their respective jurisdiction.  The Five Command Systems used in Incident Command Systems are as follows 1. Command 2. Operations 3. Planning 4. Logictics 5. Finance/Administration

6. Disaster Response Relief & Rehabilitation

Disaster recovery has three distinct but interrelated meanings. 1. First, it is a goal that involves the restoration of normal community activities that were disrupted by disaster impacts – in most people‟s minds, exactly as they were before the disaster struck. 2. Second, it is a phase in the emergency management cycle that begins with stabilization of the disaster conditions (the end of the emergency response phase) and ends when the community has returned to its normal routines. 3. Third, it is a process by which the community achieves the goal of returning to normal routines. The recovery process involves both activities that were planned before disaster impact and those that were improvised after disaster impact. These are the physical and social disturbances that a hazard agent inflicts when it strikes a community.  Physical impacts comprise casualties(deaths, injuries, and illnesses) and damage to agriculture, structures, infrastructure, and the natural environment.  Social impacts comprise psychological impacts, demographic impacts, economic impacts, and political impacts.Incident 59

stabilization. This is the point in time at which the immediate threats to human safety and property resultingfrom the physical impacts of the hazard agents have been resolved and the community as a whole can focus ondisaster recovery. Post Disaster

• After the calamity, it becomes necessary to assess the Damage and each department will need to follow the guidelines given to it • A committee may be formed to identify missing person, dead and injured and assess the damage of properties, loss or injured of livestock, loss of crops, agricultural lands, etc for providing suitable relief. • Removal of debris; Clearing the fallen trees; Restoring power lines; Restoration of basic infrastructure – All of this requires a massive effort and will need special mobilization of extra manpower. • Teams for Disposal of Dead Bodies and Disposal of carcasses will need to be organised on war – footing where the casualties have been high. • Spoilt foodstuffs that are dumped on the road will need to be disposed. • Air dropping of food and essential commodities in the inaccessible areas of cyclone and rain affected may need to be considered by the District Administration. • Food arrangement where accessible will need to be arranged. Cooked or dry food will need to be provided at the shelters. • Sufficient clothing and blankets will need to be provided to the affected people to ensure their dignity, safety and well – being. • Warm and inner clothes and additional clothes will need to be provided to Children, sick, elders, women and widows.

• Immediate restoration on roads to motor able condition.

• Keeping ready the Earth moving machineries like JCB, Tractors etc.,

• The Tahsildar may also engage the vehicles of other Departments in carrying out rescue and relief operations. • The Revenue Divisional officer is empowered to give requisition for the vehicles of other departments for being put into service on the occurrence of any calamity.

• The vehicles in central Government offices may also be pressed into service in emergency in consultation with the concerned officers. The vehicle owning officers shall send the vehicles to the Revenue Divisional Officers as and when called for by them during the flood and cyclone period. In this connection, the vehicle owning officers in the district are requested to ensure that their vehicles are kept in good working condition and if not, to get the vehicles road worthy before the onset of North East Monsoon.

1. AEE PWD/HD They will take steps for clearance of fallen trees and Departmental buildings from the roads for free movement of vehicles etc. Immediate repair of roads and bridges be taken up. 2. BSNL Immediate restoration of Telephone services. 3. AD, Veterinary Dept. Removal and disposal of carcasses, vaccination, cattle treatment, supply of fodder, etc 4. Health services Disinfections of water sources & treatment etc. 5. Agriculture Dept Supply of seeds in area where crop has been damaged. Assessment of crop damages. 6. Town /Village Repair of damaged tube wells/installations Panchayats of new tube wells. Repair of damaged houses 7. TNEB Immediate restoration of power lines.

Recovery of Electricity: An initial assessment of damages caused to the electrical infrastructure due to the disaster is given by the nodal officer/team. Based on this restoration of electrical power in the possible affected area is planned, coordinated and execution works are started and restoration of supply made available one by one

Reconstruction and recovery plan will be developed with the following priority according to the extent of damage:

Supply will be restored in the order as in all EHT lines, Substations, HT lines, DTs. Finally supply will be restored to all consumers.

(i) Recovery of Telecommunication: In coordination with BSNL and electricity board, all the disrupted lines have to be cleared and poles have to changes and low lying lines have to be replaced and bring back the towers by locality one afte the other. (ii) Recovery of Traffic: (clearing logs on roads)

with the coordination of TNSTC, RTO, PWD, Local bodies and local community people, mobile JCBs, Saws and other equipments to clear the logs and fallen trees from the roads in cooperation with Revenue and Police and clear the traffic.

(iii)Mooting the medical services to prevent communicable and other diseases: a) Reduction of source of infection and identification of infected areas, houses and persons. b) Investigation of water borne diseases c) Immediate isolation and treatment d) Checking the disinfection and chlorination e) Health Education f) Strengthening of surveillance system g) District level team will keep close touch with Commissioners of Panchayat Unions, Municipalities, Executive Officers of Town Panchayats for additional requirement of drugs and disinfectants for flood relief works. h) District level team will be provided with one vehicle and equipped with enough drugs, disinfectants vaccines and other equipments. i) One cholera combat team at the office of the DDHS will be deputed to the places wherever outbreak of epidemic is reported. j) Water quality testing and treatment k) Psychosocial Care and support l) Action against vector borne diseases m) Hygiene promotion in camps as well as behaviours change communication for hygiene and sanitation aa) Inclusive Sanitation solutions such as Portable Bio toilets. bb) Regulation of antibiotic usage in camps

cc) Drug supply – Including critical-For skin ailments, ORS, Zinc, TB, Ointment for Foot sores/ alcers dd) MISP kits distribution to pregnant women (iv) Preventing the spread of diseases for animals: Removal and disposal of carcasses, vaccination, cattle treatment, supply of fodder, etc (v) Assessment of Damages to crop and recommend for relief measures: Proper reporting and requesting fund for the affected crop area (vi) Food security and livelihoods

• To identify and support the poorest and the most vulnerable families with supply of dry rations that will cover their food security requirements for at least three months from now. This will enable them cope up and return to normalcy gradually • For the poor households living on the river banks in Chennai, support for purchase of cooking vessels, stove and gas would help them tide over this situation. However, such families need to be first • identified and extended this support. Direct cash transfers to these families can be tested. • “Cash for work” programs can be initiated in the rural areas that are severely affected by the floods. Restoration of community infrastructure such as strengthening of bunds in irrigation tanks, ponds and drainage canals are some of the works that can be initiated. • Support these families for rescheduling of their loans from their SHGs and other MFIs that are operational in their areas.

(vii) Wash & Sanitation • Provision of individual household water purifications. • Providing the chlorine powder solution and aqua tabs for Water purification. • Provision of containers for drinking water storage and disinfection. • Temporary/Mobile toilets, Immediate cleaning of septic tanks • Immediate draining of water • Eradication of mosquito larvae using neem oil or other larvicides

• Immediate cleaning of solid waste Mapping of Solid Waste management related issues and linkages with Chennai Corporation.

• Portable Drinking water stations/chlorination/flushing of hand pumps/ spot chlorination/boiling water • Ssniitization program on Hand Washing with soap.

(viii) Shelter

• Need for supplementing the compensation offered by the Government, especially for those who lost their houses fully or partially. • Cash transfers for identified families from the most marginalized communities, particularly those from the „Dalit‟ communities will support them rebuild their houses. • This could be further combined with support of building materials supply and linkages where required. • Support for construction of toilets will help women and children for improving their health standards and well-being. • Inclusive toilets and temporary shelters for PWD • Linkages for credit for housing can be further more supportive to these communities. Education • Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho – social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in regular school hours for a reasonable time period • Distribution of school books, text books, uniform and stationaries in Urban as well as rural areas. • Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho – social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in regular school hours for a reasonable time period • Training personnel for multi-hazard disaster resistant school planning, design, monitoring, maintenance, inspection and approval at community- and all levels of government • Resume the functioning of Anganwadicentre or makeshift centres in order to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating mothers and children below 2 years

• Set up child Friendly to provide psycho social support for children • Prioritize the needs of children with vulnerabilities while providing Special Care for Women, Senior Citizens and Differently abled:

1. Ensure propoer arrangements for vulnerable sections like differently abled, serior Citizens, Women and Children etc.

2. Providing WArm and inner clothes and additional clothes to Children, sick, elders ad women.

3. Sanitary napkins for women/girls shall be provided with disposael paper bags.

4. For pregnant woman, necessary basic arrangements shall be made by the local administration for safe delivery. Shelter for Animals & care: 1. Identity existing cattle pounds and grazing ground poramboke lands as Animan Shelters. 2. Ensure the availability fo adequate stocks of veterinary medicines in Veterinary Hospotals and also ensure availability foessestial drugs. 3. Ensure availability fo adequate stock of fodder & water in cattle camps/ shelters. 4. First Responders for Animal Protection to evacuate the animals to designated shelters. Communications through Multiple Channels 1. Strengthen the DEOC/District level Control Room for effective management of Calls/E-mails/Faxes to ensure that the immediate communication of messages received in EOC are transmitted to the concerned Departments/Field officers for immediate response.

2. Disseminate information and bulletins through TN- SMART.

3. Utilize the Press/Audio Visual media and Social media to sensitize the community, especially in vulnerable areas.

Arrange Vehicle mounted with loud speakers for use during emergencies and the Disaster Warning announcement System (DWAS) in relevant areas.

RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX

Time Task Department/ Agency

Warning and analysing the D-72 Hr IMD, SEOC, INCOIS. information.

Evacuation, Arrangement D-48 Hr Revenue, Police, Coast guard. of temporary shelters.

Revenue, Police, Fire& D-24Hr Mitigation Measures. Rescue,Health,Navy,Coast Guard, NGO‟s, PWD.

Activate the Incident Command DDMA, Police, fire& D-0Hr System. Res- cue,Health.

Revenue, Police, fire& Res- Search and RescueProviding D+15 cue,Health, Navy,Coast aids to affected people. Min Guard, NGO‟s, PWD.

7.Disaster Prevention & Mitigation

Information and Research Network

Disaster prevention is intrinsically linked to preventive planning. Some of the important steps in this regard are:

Introduction of a comprehensive process of vulnerability analysis and objective risk assessment.

(a) Building a robust and sound information database: A comprehensive database of the land use, demography, infrastructure developed at the national, state and local levels along with current information on climate, weather and man-made structures is crucial inanning, warning and assessment of disasters. In addition, resource inventories of governmental and non-governmental systemsincluding personnel and equipment help in efficient mobilisation and optimisation of response measures.

(b) Creating state-of-the-art infrastructure: The entire disaster mitigation game plan must necessarily be anchored to frontline research and development in a holistic mode. State-of-the art technologies available worldwide need to be made available in India for up gradation of the disaster management system; at the same time, dedicated research activities should be encouraged, in all frontier areas related to disasters like biological, space (c) applications, information technology, nuclear radiation etc., for a continuous flow of high quality basic information for sound disaster management planning,

(d) Establishing Linkages between all knowledge- based institutions: A National Disaster Knowledge Network, tuned to the felt needs of a multitude of users like disaster managers, decision makers, community etc., must be developed as the part of networks to cover natural, manmade and biological disasters in all their varied dimensions. Capacity Building, Training & Education

Personnel involved in the exercise have to draw upon knowledge of best practices and resources available to them. Information and training on ways to better respond to and mitigate disasters to the responders go a long way in building the capacity and resilience of the country to reduce and prevent disasters. Training is an integral part of capacity building as trained personnel respond much better to different

Disasters and appreciate the need for preventive measures. The directions in this regard are:

(a) The multi-sectoral and multi-hazard prevention based approach to disaster management requires specific professional inputs.

Professional training in disaster management should be built into the existing pedagogic research and education. Specialised courses for disaster management may be developed by universities and professional teaching institutions, and disaster management should be treated as a distinct academic and professional discipline, something that the American education system has done successfully. In addition to separate diploma/degree courses in disaster management, the subject needs to be discussed and taught as a specific component in professional and specialised courses like medicine, nursing, engineering, environmental sciences, architecture, and town and country planning.

(b) The focus towards preventive disaster management and development of a national ethos of prevention calls for an awareness generation at all levels. An appropriate component of disaster awareness at the school level will help increase awareness among children and, in many cases, parents and other family members through these children. Curriculum development with a focus towards dissemination of disaster related information on a sustained basis,

covering junior, middle and high schools may be worked out by the different school boards in the country.

(c) Training facilities for government personnel involved in disaster management are conducted at the national level by the National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM) at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, in New Delhi which functions as the nodal institution in the country for training, research and documentation of disasters. At the State level, disaster management cells operating within the State Administrative Training Institutes (ATIs) provide the necessary training. Presently, 24 ATIs have dedicated faculties. There is a need for strengthening specialised training, including training of personnel in disaster response.

(d) Capacity building should not be limited to professionals and personnel involved in disaster management but should also focus on building the knowledge, attitude and skills of a community to copewith the effects of disasters. Identification and training of volunteers from the community towards first response measures as well as mitigation measures is an urgent imperative. A programme of periodic drills should be introduced in vulnerable areas to enable prompt and appropriate community response in the event of a disaster, which can help save valuable lives. (e) Capacity building for effective disaster management therefore needs to be grounded and linked to the community and local level responders on the one hand and also to the institutional mechanism of the State and the Nation on the other. MITIGATION STRATEGY

The aim of a mitigation strategy is to reduce losses in the event of a future occurrence of a hazard. Structural mitigation may comprise construction of individual disaster resistant structures like retrofitted or earthquake-resistant buildings or creation of structures whose function is primarily disaster protection like flood control structures, dykes, levees, infiltration dams etc. Mitigation measures on individual structures can be achieved by design standards, building codes and performance specifications. Building codes, critical front-line defence for achieving stronger engineered structures, need to be drawn up in accordance with the vulnerability of the area and implemented through appropriate techno-legal measures. Mitigation measures need to be considered

in land use and site planning activities. Constructions in hazardous areas like flood plains or steep soft slopes are more vulnerable to disasters. Necessary mitigation measures need to be built into the design and costing of development projects.

In Kallakurichi District the major disasters were Thane Cyclone 2011, Flood 2015, Drought 2016. Only few minor disaster like fire accidents, heat waves, thunder storms were experienced in previous years. Based on the experiences of the previous disasters the following action plan is in place in the district to prevent them and control the situation.

FLOOD/ CYCLONE:

S.No. Particulars Action taken Nodal officers are appointed in the

1 Appointment of Nodal officer cadre of Deputy Collector in Taluk wise 1. DRO Level Teams ( 2 Divisions) 2. Deputy Collectors in Revenue Dept.(09 Blocks) Main Streaming Disaster Risk 2 Reduction Teams (Revenue and 3. PD, PO & EEs is in Rural Rural Development Dept.) Development.(2 Divisions) 4. Asst. Directors in Rural Development Dept.(06 Taluks)

1. Early warning committee 2. Search, Rescue and evacuation committee. 3. Shelter and relief committee. 4. Water way management

3 Constitution of various committee including eviction of encroachment committee. 5. Public Health Committee. 6. Traffic Management Committee 7. Medical Management Committee all. 25 locations have been identified as 4 Identification of vulnerability area. flood vulnerable in this district. 1. Swimmers & Climbers (124 First Responders) 2. Deployment Plan 3. Snack Catchers 4. Inter-Zonal Department Teams 5. Traffic Plan for all rescue teams 5 Preparedness in Vulnerable Areas based on all vulnerable mapping 6. List of inventories/ Machineries required for Vulnerable Areas. 7. List of Bulldosers, Power saws, Contractors who can be engaged to carry out the emergency works. Instructions are given to all Block development officer. Executive Officers (Town panchayat), municipal Eviction of encroachment commissioners, Executive engineer, 6 &Desilting works. PWD(WRO) for eviction of encroachment in all water bodies in their jurisdiction and desilting of water channel, tanks etc., NGOs, NSS, NCC, Red Cross 7 NGOs necessary training have been imparted. Private Hospital & Doctors Details 8 Private Hospitals are ready.

Details of Fire Stations Located in Kallakurichi District

Sl. Location of Fire Phone No. No. Stations 1. Kallakurichi 04151-222101, 9445086491 2. Ulundurpet 04149 – 222349, 9445086498 3. Tirukoilur 04153-252399, 9445086496 4. Chinnasalem 04151-256101, 9445086531 5. Sankarapuram 04151-235235, 9445086494 6. Thiyagadurugam 04151-252101 7. Thirunavalur 04149-224102

NDRF (National Disaster Response Force)

Sl. Phone Mobile No. Name and Designation No. No. Thiru.R.C.Ola 9489615792 1 - Inspector, NDRF Thiru.Nandha Kumar 2 - 9444245732 Sub Inspector, NDRF Thiru.Kumar, 9486054089 3 - Sub Inspector, NDRF

VILLAGE DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAMS AND COMMITTEES  Complaints and other shelter management notifications shared in our‟s App group for clarifications.  SHGs livelihood trainings programs also conduct in Multipurpose Evacuation Shelter {MPES} Under CDMP.  Good coordination between various line departments‟ officials in our district.

FIRST RESPONDERS  We have identified 281 First responders who are expert in swimming and climbing and trained them in divisions by the Sub Divisional level officers to act the first information giver and first responders.  First responders will be given ID cards by the concerned RDOs/ Sub collector  They are the first responding volunteers for the village identified as vulnerable areas

 They will be given appropriate training on Search and Rescue, Evacuation, Relief and First Aid techniques to face any untoward incidents.  These local volunteers will be good swimmers and climbers  They can also help the Zonal Teams by encouraging people to help in clearing the supply channel blockages like Kudimaramath systems that existed earlier.  We have identified large numbers of first respondent‟s teams from coastal and non coastal areas in our district under the age group of 18 to 35, only male with the help of NGOs and CBDRM.  We are planning to give various disaster based trainings by Fire service, NDRF, Police persons, Coastal Guards, CBDRM trained Trainers and etc.  We also plan to provide special ID cards to them after professionally selected by various trainings.  We have uploaded all their names and phone numbers in our district websites.  Special uniform will be provided to them as per approvals.

Kallakurichi District Block wise Details on availability Shelters with all Facilities

No.of No.of No.of No.of No.of Total Commu Old New school Marriage no.of nity roun shelter Sl. building halls Shelte Name of Block Halls d s No identifie identified r(3+4+ identifie type under d as as 5+6+7 d as shelt CDRR shelters shelters ) shelters ers P

1 Tirukoilur 91 3 1 0 0 95

2 Thirunavalur 112 10 5 0 0 127

3 Ulundurpet 124 5 6 0 0 135

4 Kallakurichi 113 8 6 0 0 127

5 Chinnasalem 109 1 0 0 0 110

6 Rishivandiyam 99 6 7 0 0 112

7 Sankarapuram 91 8 6 0 0 105

8 Thiyagadurgam 95 35 5 0 0 135

9 Kalrayanhills 41 13 0 0 0 54

Total 875 89 36 0 0 1000

Kallakurichi District BLOCK WISE DETAILS ON GENERATOR, WATER TANKERS AVAILABLE

Sl.No. Block Name Gensets Water Tankers

1 Tirukoilur 4 2

2 Thirunavalur 13 5

3 Ulundurpet 18 6

4 Kallakurichi 5 5

5 Chinnasalem 5 2

6 Rishivandiyam 8 2

7 Sankarapuram 10 3

8 Thiyagadurgam 9 4

9 Kalrayanhills 2 0

Total 74 29

BLOCK WISE DETAILS ON POCLAINS, JCBs, SUPER SUCKER AND TREE CUTTERS

Super Sl.No. Block Name Poclains JCBs Tree sucker cutters

1 Tirukoilur 0 9 0 4

2 Thirunavalur 3 12 0 6

3 Ulundurpet 2 10 0 6

4 Kallakurichi 2 4 0 8

5 Chinnasalem 4 10 0 7

6 Rishivandiyam 3 8 0 10 74

7 Sankarapuram 5 5 0 8

8 Thiyagadurgam 2 9 0 7

9 Kalrayanhills 0 1 0 2

Total 21 68 0 58

LIST OF FLOOD RELIEF CENTRES IN VULNERABLE LOCATIONS Sl. Name of the Vulnerable Locations Name of the Relief Centres No. Taluk 1. KALLAKURICHI DIVISION Panchayat Union Middle School, 1. Kallakurichi 1. Gurupeedapuram Gurupedapuram. Panchayat Union Middle School, 2. Velakurichi Velakurichi. Pasupathi Eswaran Koil, 3. Varanjaram Varanjaram. Panchayat Union Middle School, 4. Kanangur Kanangur. 5. Kongarayapalayam Panchayat Union Ele. School,

Anicut (Vadapondi) Vadapoondi. 6. Vadakkanandal kalleri Govt.Boys Hr.Sec.School, Chinnasalem supply channel Vadakanandal. 7. Kachirayapalayam Govt.Girls Hr.Sec.School,

supply channel Kachirayapalayam. 8. Kumarapalayam Anicut Govt.Hr.Sec.School,

supply channel Karadichithur Sankarapura Govt.Primary School, 9. Rishivandiyan m Rishivandiyam. 10. Pavanthur Govt.Primary School, Pavandur. 11. Munivalai Community Hall, Munivazhai. 12. Seshasamuthiram Govt.Primary School,

Anicut Seshasamuthiram. Kalvarayan 13. Kondiyanatham to DMHS Mavadipattu. Hills Kodunthurai Road 14. Dhoradipattu GTR, School, Kottaputhur 15. Vanjikuzi to Good shepherd Hr.Sec.School,

Mulakkadu Serapattu. Panchayat Union Middle School, 16. Gudalur Mottampatti. 2. TIRUKOILUR DIVISION Tirukoilur 17. Memalur RC Middle School, Memalur. Panchayat Union Primary 18. Vadamaruthur School, Vadamaruthur. 19. Pazhangur Govt.High School, Pazhangur. MKM Thirumanamandapam, Ulundurpet 20. Senthanadu Senthanadu. Rajkumar Thirumana 21. Oliyampalayam Mandapam, Oliyampalayam. Rajkumar Thirumana 22. Thoppayankulam Mandapam, Thoppayankulam. Panchayat Union Ele.School, 23. Odaiyanandal Odiyanandal. Panchayat Union Ele.School, 24. Manalur Manalur. Panchayat Union Ele.School, 25. Pinnalvadi (Periyari) Pinnalvadi.

AVAILABILITY OF WIRELESS SETS

Name of the Total No. of Sl.No. Department VHFs kept

1 Police 64

2 Revenue 13 Rural 3 devolvement 20

DROUGHT:

Improving the resilience for facing the Drought

In order to tackle drought conditions in future an inter departmental convergent plan involving line departments has been prepared as part of

received goals in district disaster management plan for salem district as detailed below. a) Agriculture Department :-

A.Summer ploughing

Ploughing the field across the slope during hot summer is to opening of the soil crust accompanied by deep ploughing and simultaneously overturning of the soil underneath to disinfect it with the help of piercing sun rays.

At best two summer ploughings are done prior to advent of monsoon at an interval of 15-20 days. Third ploughing can be done once with the help of harrow or cultivator to pulverize the soil and prepare field beds for sowing/transplanting soon after the first monsoon rain.

Benefits of summer ploughing

 The infiltration capacity and permeability of the soil increases which increases in-situ moisture conservation. Consequently plant roots will get more moisture with less effort.  Off season tillage increases water content of soils and reduces runoff.  It also reduces pest and weed infestation by Exposing weed seeds to The sun  Summer ploughing improves soil structure due to alternate drying and cooling.  Increases water holding capacity B .Mulching

This is the act of placing a protective barrier (mulch) around plants and over bare soil. This protective barrier can be made up of a variety of decomposing organic materials, including coconut husk, non-organic materials such as black plastic,

Controls Weeds

The mulch acts as a barrier, limiting the amount of sunlight that can find its way to the weeds.

 Retains Moisture

Organic mulches absorb water. Organic and non-organic varieties both cover the soil and limit evaporation

 Prevents Soil Erosion

Mulching not only keeps existing water trapped in the soil, it also keeps rain water from washing away soil.

 Maintains Soil Nutrients

Mulch keep soil nutrients from being washed away with the rain, but it also can release nutrients into the soil

Encourages Earthworms to Move In

Using organic material for mulching can encourage earthworms to occupy soil. Earthworms help improves soil structure and nutrient cycling. C. Pre-sowing Hardening of Seeds: Hardening of seeds/plants to required temperature/ chemicals enables the plants to overcome the specific stresses which enables the seeds to absorb more water under favorable situations to maintain its viability under unfavorable conditions. Rice - a) 0.5 to 1 % potassium chloride (KCl) Seed hardening with 1% KCl for 16 hours (seed and KCl solution 1:1) and shade dried to bring to storable moisture. This will enable the crop to withstand early moisture stress. b) Foliar spray of Kaolin 3% or KCl 1% to overcome moisture stress at different physiological tages of rice. c) foliar spray with 1% KCl + CCC at 500ppm during vegetative stage is effective in mitigating the drought and in increasing the yield SORGHUM-Soak the seeds in 2% (20 g in one litre of water) potassium dihydrogen phosphate for six hours and shade dry the seeds for 5 hours.

Cumbu-Soaking of cumbu seeds either in 2% Potassium chloride (KCl) or 3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) for16 hours followed by 5 hours shade drying improves germination and stand.

D.Use of Antitranspirants(AT)

In India, about 90% of the land is under rainfed farming; therefore, it is very essential to manage every drop of water received through rains. Though various measures are adopted to conserve he rain water, yet rainfed farming is often subjected to drought. Transpiration is said to be unavoidable evil but it has several functions to attend in the crop cycle.

Similarly, the WUE(Water Use Efficiency) of crops is also different and ranges from 0.24 to 1.75 kg / mm of water / ha. The purpose of ATs is to maintain the growth and productivity under stress conditions and it is never recommended for high productivity / unit area. It saves the crop and helps to get marginal yield when the expectations are zero.Thus, assured benefits of ATs to the crops can be summarized as below:

1) Optimized yield levels under infrequent rainfall situations 2) Assured better crop growth and yield when no yields are expected using severe drought 3) Getting normal sized grains 4) Improved seed quality (so that produce can be used for seed purpose)

4) Saving of crops with marginal crop productivity under drought 5) Reducing irrigation especially in post-rainy long duration crops like cotton and pigeon pea

E.PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHYLOTROPS (PPFM) Beneficial effect on plant

 Fasten seed germination and seedling growth  Accelerate vegetative growth  Increase leaf area index and chlorophyll content  Earliness in flowering, fruit set and maturation  Improves fruit quality, color and seed weight  Yield increase by 10%

 Mitigate drought

Method of Application

 Seed treatment – Imbibe seed in 1.0 % volume for 5-10min (depending on seed)  Foliar Spray of 1% PPFM  Spray during morning or evening  Recommended for all crops  Spray at critical stage of crop growth (or) 30days interval  Precaution : Do not mix with pesticide / fungicide

F. USE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS (PGRS)

The plants possessing moderate canopy development (moderate values for LAI), less reduction in photosynthesis, deeper root system, higher root / shoot ratio and delayed senescence will perform better under water stress conditions.

Toward this, application of some of the PGRs will prove beneficial for better crop growth and development when grown under water deficit situations. Some of the PGRs and their effects on crops in order to suit to the water stress conditions

G. Agro-techniques for mitigating Water Stress:  Split application of N and K fertilizers in cotton at 45 and 60 DAS  Seed hardening with 1% KH2PO4 for 6-8 hours (depending upon nature of seed coat) soaked in equal volume of water.  In cotton, nipping terminal portion of main stem beyond 15th (at 70-80 DAS) and at 20th node (at 90 DAS) in the case of hybrids and varieties respectively for arresting transpiratory loss of water)  Application of coconut husk around coconut trees to reduce water evaporation.  Picture irrigation method can be adopted for coconut trees to overcome water stress. Horticulture Department :-

 Recommendation of Drought tolerant varieties.  Recommendation of short duration crops.  Recommendation of PPFM Bacterial spray to mitigate drought and save crops (Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs). It helps

crops to remain greener for 15 – 20 days to help them to rejuvenate when it rains within that periods. 200 ml mixed with 200 lts of water for 1 acre. Use of soil moisture conservation measures like summer ploughing, use of more organic fertilizers & use of green manuresthe useable quantities could decrease.

DISTRICT WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT AGENCY To achieve above revised goals in Kallakurichi district priority should be given to conserve soil and water. Because Soil and water are the two important natural resources. Science and Technology have made many new resources accessible to humanity, nevertheless soil and water continue to remain the principle resources to the primary needs of life on earth. Land and water are limited in area and volume and we have way of augmenting any of them. On the other hand, diverse uses do affect the quality of land water adversely and consequently clothing would continue to increase because of growing population as well as improved quality of life that we are striving to achieve. Our exploitation of available natural resources for meeting the ever increasing demand for food, fuel and fiber has led to serious environmental degradation like soil erosion and land degradation, declining water table and the agricultural productivity needs to be enhanced. And also cultivable area is decreasing as against the increasing population. To conserve soil and water Integrated Watershed Management Programme is proposed within the boundaries of drainage areas, emphasizing participatory approach. This involves implementation of ameliorative measures on barren lands, rainfed lands, common lands, eroded gullies and stream course including the development of livestock with an overall objective of managing and conserving natural and human resources for sustained production and all-round development of the area.

General Suggestions To Over Come Drought The Received rainfall over the area should be harvested without wastage Now a days rainfall distribution is uneven, scandy, not seasonal, long gap between rain days. Hence whenever where ever we receive rainfall, that should be conserved and stored there itself. The rainfall can be harvested or saved in the areas of namely 1.common land water harvesting,2. individual house water harvesting, 3.Individual field water harvesting

1.Common land water harvesting water harvesting and soil and water conservation works in common land almost completed. In future the maintenance of existing structures may be taken up. 2. Individual House water harvesting The rain water over the roof may be collected and reused for borewell recharging, washing and other uses. This can be achieved through local administration departments 3. Individual field water harvesting Mainly in cultivable lands area, the individual water harvesting should be taken up. The rainwater received over the field is utilized directly or indirectly in the field itself. For individual farmers, soil and water conversation works like contour bunds, farm pond and plantation works to be proposed in the dry land areas. The formed contour bund will act as miniature dam which will store water with fertile soil during all rain days. The individual farm Pond formed in the field will collect and store rain waters from upper field. Rain water collected will be useful for life irrigation of crops. The above conservation works will raise up the ground water level and restore the ecology. This conservation can be achieved through watershed schemes MGNREGA and Government special schemes through agricultural engineering department.

PMKSY- Watershed Schemes 2016-17 onwards the watershed Development Scheme is renamed and being implemented as PMKSY-PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANA. The following works are being implemented and proposed to conserve soil and water to mitigate drought in the district. 1) Percolation Pond 2) Field Bunding 3) Sunken Pond 4) Recharge Shaft 5) Check Dam 6) Renovation of pond 7) Farm Pond

Town Panchayat Department :-

Eventhough, large amount of has been spent in water supply for combating drought, it is not the permanent remedy for this issue is to be sought. Each and every year repeating the same exercise does not draw fruitful results. So, it is inevitable to conduct the study for supplying sufficient protected water to all the people at par with increasing population growth. Hence, at the preliminary level, it is utmost necessary to carry out the following measures to combat drought in a more efficient way,  Desilting the water sources available within the TP limit for serving as a water catchment body during the rainy season.  Improving ground water level by providing Rain Water Harvesting structures in every building.  Recharging the existing and defunct bore wells and wells.  Identifying alternate micro level local sources.  Precautionary measures such as drilling of additional bore wells, deepening of bore wells, creating new water sources etc.,  Awareness among the public about water conservation Animal Husbandry Department :-

Animal Husbandry plays a vital role in poverty alleviation and income generation during the drought situations.

Fodder Requirement:

The requirement of dry and Green fodder for the cattle and buffalo population is:-

(1) Dry fodder at the rate of 3kg/animal/day

(2) Green fodder at the rate of 10 kg/day/animal

Drought Action Plan During Fodder Shortage Period.

Silage Making:

Simple silage making techniques like tubesilage making Technology can be demonstrated to farmers who are having excess fodder during surplus period and they can be trained to adopt this technique since it is a low cost and a nutritive during the lean period .

"Azolla " As A Feed And Alternative For Concerntrate Feed:

To minimize the concentrate feed cost Azolla can be used as an alternative . One kg of Azolla can replace one kg of groundnut cake. Awareness were created to increase the adoption and to popularize this Azolla cultivation among the farmers.

Hydroponic Green Fodder Production

A novel method called „Hydroponics‟ which means growing plants without soil by using nutrient water at desired temperature and humidity. Through hydroponics it is easier and quick to produce nutritive green fodder. Maize, Ragi, Bajra, Cowpea, Horse gram, Sun hemp, Jowar and Foxtail millet seeds are found to be suitable to grow by hydroponic method Leguminous crops grow well and is encouraging as fodder owing to its high crude protein content, than cereal crops. The hydroponic fodder was fed to small and large ruminants and pigs and found to be highly palatable with no wastage.

The advantage of hydroponic fodder production is that

i. it requires just 480 sq. ft area to produce 1000 kg every day against 5 - 30 acres land under conventional system. ii. saving of water to the extent of 95% and is recycled. iii. can be grown throughout the year iv. harvesting period is just 8 days and v. it also saves labour, energy and time.

Utilisation Of Tree Fodders And Tree Leaves :

Soobabul,vadha narayanan,Glyricidia, Agathi, Kodukapuli, Pungan, Murungai, and Neem leaves can be fed as a part of green fodder with available sources.

The dried leaves can be collected in vessels. Salt and jaggery @ 2% mixed in a litre of water and poured on dried leaves and can be fed to cattle as fodder.

Bagasee, (Sugarcane residue) can be collected in vessels. Salt and jaggery @ 2% mixed in a litre of water and poured on dried leaves and can be fed to cattle as fodder.

Utilization Of Crop Residues As Feed :

Dried Groundnut plant, Cotton waste, Beer factory waste, Maize shunk with stem, Tapioca thippi, Maize stover, Pulse husk, Cotton bratt, Sorghum husk, Banana crop waste and waste of mango pulp industry can also be used.

To reduce the feed cost the feed residues like wet corn gluten (a feed residue which is the residue in glucose factory, after extraction of glucose) can be fed to animals.

Enrichment Of Paddy Straw

As such paddy straw contain no protein. To increase the protein availability in straw the enrichment of paddy straw can be done and suitable demonstration can be carried out to adopt this technique as it is a low cost one

To Fully Utilize The Available Fodder By Using

 Power Operated Chaff-Cutters

The green fodder has to be cut at an optimum stage and fed to animals. Otherwise the fodder which is not cut at an optimum stage and fed leads to under utilization of available fodder which goes as a waste .If the green fodder is fed as such the hard and stem portion are not taken properly and it is wasted by the animal. To avoid this waste and to increase the utilization of green fodder, Chaff Cutters can be used. Available green fodder & dry fodder can be chaffed, mixed together and can be fed to livestock. Chaffed fodder also increase the intake by animal as the smaller portion of green fodder uses more microbes for microbial digestion in nourishment.

 Rain Gun

To reduce water wastage and effective utilization the water, rain guns may be supplied with subsidy under SFDS scheme to irrigate fodder fields.

 Slurry Irrigation

For effective utilization the water used for washing the cows and cow sheds the slurry water can be irrigated to fodder plots so that water can be utilized effectively at the same time usage of fertilizers can be minimized.

To Overcome Drought:

* Subsidized concentrate feed can be given to the farmers.

* Dry fodder& mineral mixture blocks, mineral licks can be given to the farmer at subsidized cost to overcome stress, mineral deficiency to minimize the production loss.

* Water saving devices like Rain Guns and drip irrigation can be given to farmers at subsidized cost.

* Automatic drinking water devices can be given to farmers at subsidized cost to reduce wastage of water.

* Green Fodder cultivation in between Coconut tree plants like Guinea grass and Stylo can be encouraged.

* Growing of green grass in farmers land and a buy back arrangement can be done to increase the utilization of green fodder in needy place can be encouraged. * Tree fodder plantation can be increased in farmers land in bunds and in waste land of Village Panchayats can be encouraged and also as a live fence in farmers land.

* Iec Programmes:To create awareness, among the farmers and livestock owners, regarding the conservation of fodder and avoiding the wastage of fodder. Printing of Pamphlets, Flex Boards, Charts and wall Posters , Training Materials and Demonstrations can be carried out for drought mitigation. * Conservation: To conserve the green fodder with available water by the way of using (1)Sprinklers, (2) Raingun (3) Pit filling and (4) Drip irrigation.

Cow Is The Mother Of Farming.

JIVAMRUTAM a value added manure from cow s dung and urine. The only way to the problems of shortage of grains,water,fuel,shelter, good health, nutrition, eradication of poverty and unemployment is dung-DUNG….

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SITUATION:

Rural Panchayats:

All the 406 Village Panchayats in Kallakurichi District, daily water supply is being monitored closely, for which Panchayat Secretaries and Zonal Deputy Block Development Officers/Block Development Officers have been made responsible at Village Panchayat and Block level respectively. A control room has been established at the Collectorate to monitor regular water supply at the District level under the control of the Assistant Director(Panchayats), Kallakurichi. Each and every water supply scheme is monitored daily by calculating timing of pumping water to the Over Head Tanks/Mini Power pumps as well as timing of supply. Instructions have been given by the District Collector to all the Block Development Officers to keenly watch the increasing and decreasing time of water supply and to take necessary remedial measures in war-footing manner. Kallakurichi First Grade Municipality

The population of Kallakurichi Municipality is 52,507 (2011) (present is 78,200 the area of the municipality is 15.87 sq.km and major quantity of water source is drawn from Gomukhi river. At present the water is supplied at the rate of 38.75 lakh litre daily in the municipality.

Town Panchayat :

In Kallakurichi District there are 07 Town Panchayats. In 07 Town Panchayats, drinking water is distributed daily. The rainfall during the past monsoon was satisfactory and drinking water scarcity may not occur in the forthcoming summer season. To ensure uninterrupted water distribution in Kallakurichi District Town Panchayats during summer.

Pollution Control Board – Kallakurichi District

In Kallakurichi District, there are nearly 458 industries are located in Small, Medium and large Categories. Especially Small scales industries are played major role in Kallakurichi District. The main industries are Sugar Mills, Distilleries and Co-Generation plants and these are in large scale type. There

are 5 Sugar Mills, 1 Distilleries and 3 Co-Generation plants are situated and under operation in Kallakurici District. The other industries are small scales such as stone crushers, quarries, (Rough Stone, Red Earth and Granite quarries), Sago, Hospitals, Rice Mills and other miscellaneous category of industries. The Stone Crushing units located are provided with suitable Air Pollution Control Measures and other effluent generating industries are provided with Effluent Treatment Plant / Sewage Treatment Plant facilities to treat the trade effluent /sewage generated from their processes. The main streams of river are Thenpennaiyar, Manimuktha, Gomuki, Malattaru etc., The Highly polluting industries are not permitted within 1 KM and 5 KM distances as per G.O.MS. No.213 and 127 as notified. The Bio Medical Waste generated from the Hospitals are disposed through common facilitator M/s. Tamil Nadu Waste Management Ltd, situated at Madhuranthagam. The major industries such as Sugar Mills, Distilleries, Co –Generation are provided with their own Effluent Treatment Plant / Sewage Treatment Plant to treat their trade effluent / sewage generated from their unit. They have provided with Online Continuous Monitoring System in respect of Water / Air pollution parameters and they are connected with Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board / Central Pollution Control Board Online Monitoring stations for continuous monitoring. The above industries are regularly inspected and monitored by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board officials by collection of samples and conducting AAQ/Emission surveys etc, by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board periodically including investigation of the complaint received against the industries from the public also.

Note on Sago Factories located in Chinnasalem Taluk, Kallakurichi District. In sago factories, sago and starch is manufactured by using tapioca as raw material. In Kallakurichi District, around 11 sago factories are located. Among this, only 8 sago factories are now in operation and remaining are not in operation. The unit which are in operation are having valid consent. All 8 running sago industries are in small scale. The tapioca is washed, outer layer/ skin of the tapioca is removed then the tapioca is crushed. Then the milk of starch filtered and the over sieve is again sent for crushing. The starch milk is settled and taken for preparation of sago. The powder starch also a product.

The final reject called as “Thippi” which is used as cattle feed. The sago product is seasonal based production, in a year around 3 to 4 months only under operation that too depends on the tapioca production. The effluent treatment plant of sago factories having following components 1. Collection Tank 2. Digestor / Biogas Plant 3. Settling Tank 4. Aeration Tank 5. Sludge Drying Beds 6. Treated Effluent Storage Tank The biogas generated from the biogas plant is utilized as a fuel for running D.G.Set within the unit. The treated effluent mostly satisfy the standards prescribed by the Board.

KUDIMARAMTHU SCHEME BY PWD

Rehabilitation and improvements of Kattuvananjur Anicut near kattuvannajur village in Sankarapuram Taluk of Kallakurichi District. Estimate Amount : 80.00 Lakhs

Gomukhi Dam

The Government of TamilNadu in G.O.Ms.No.PW(W1)Dept.dated 21.01.2017, have accorded sanction for a total value of Rs.100.00 crores for the Implementation of the Water Bodies Restoration with participatory Approach under “Kudimaramath Scheme”. in Kallakurichi District,

As per the instructions given in the Government order, the above works are to be got executed through the ayacutdars those who are willing to come forward to execute the same. Out of the estimate cost, 10% of the estimate cost is to be borne by the Public in the form of labour (or) material (or) cash contribution.

As soon as the administrative sanction for the estimates received from the Government, the works will be taken up for execution through ayacutdars on nomination basis and the works will be completed within 3 months (Maximum).

Water Conservation:

Action plan is being prepared to conserve water and preserve it for future in our district. Detailed instructions are being given to all the officials of Rural Development Department in meetings to take necessary action to conserve water and also create water harvesting structure in all the newly constructing buildings particularly government buildings.

1. Encourage the renovation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Collectorate Complex and other Offices. 2. Advertisements to implement Rainwater Harvesting Structure in all houses. 3. Encourage beneficiaries of housing schemes like IAY, CMSPGHS to implement rain water harvesting structures.

4. Instructions to all Educational Institutions, Private and Government to implement water conservation structure and to save water.

5. Convergence of all Government schemes towards water conservation. 6. Recharge pits, check dams, Desiltation Activities to be carried out with the help of NREGS schemes.

Water way/ Bodies

1. Minor irrigation tanks, supply channels & distribution channels should be desilted before the onset of Northeast monsoon to harvest rain water as well as minimize risks due to floods.

1. The Municipalities to undertake a massive drive for desiliting he storm water drains, channels before the onset of monsoon.

2. Create recharge pits, recharge wells and convert defunct bore wells as recharge wells especially in areas prone for drinking water shortages and in areas where drinking water sourcese are located.

Encroachment Removal in Water Ways

1. Protect the water bodies from encroachments and carry out massive programmes for eviction of encroachments. 2. the entire River courses should be widened to original size, desilted and encroachments removed especially in vulnerable areas. 3. Major irrigation canals should be desilted& free from encroachments.

Rainwater Harvesting 1. promote Rain Water Harvesting by excavating recharge pits at suitable locations, with special focus on villages prone for drinking water problems/floods and also in areas in close proximity to drinking water sources. 2. Convert defunct bore wells and open wells into recharge wells.

Shelter Belts

1. Action should be taken to plant tall trees and create shelter belts in the 19 coastal Villages in consultation with Forest Department.

2. Tree plantation should be taken up along with river courses in consultation with the Public Works Department (PWD) & Forest Department.

HEAT WAVES:

Extreme positive departures from the normal maximum temperature result in a heat wave during the summer season. The rising maximum temperature during the pre-monsoon months continues till June and in very rare cases till July over the north-western parts of the country.

Early warning and indicators of heat waves

In response to the devastating mortality and morbidity of recent heat- wave events, many countries have introduced heat-wave early warning systems. Heat-wave early warnings are designed to reduce the avoidable human health consequences from heat-waves through timely notification of prevention measures to vulnerable populations. India Meteorological Department has developed criteria for heat waves based on the temperature at stations and is issuing weather warning forecasting on the level of Heat waves likely to prevail in the regions for 5 days at a time.

The Regional Meteorological Centre (RMC) in Chennai has been publishing weather projections for Tamil Nadu n its website, keeping people informed with regular updates of projections of average temperatures for a week ahead for every district in the state. Such information can provide timely warning to the public to take adequate precautions to prevent being affected by the heat wave and thus mitigate the disaster

• Healthcare professionals will need to advise on heat-related illnesses to reduce mortality and morbidity. • Public need to be made aware on how to be protected against extreme heat wave conditions. • Do‟s and Don‟ts on heat- related illnesses must be widely publicized in press, television and social media. • Educational institutions may need to rework the timings to lessen exposure to the heat wave. • Local schools and colleges will need to equip teachers with knowledge on heat protection tips. • Awareness needs to be built constantly – LED screens in public places can display temperature and rolling forecasts.\ • Stockpiling of ORS is necessary in Primary Health Care Centres.

• Making good drinking water available to the public in Bus stands and other public places is necessary. Public minded citizens, clubs, Associations, Educational Institutions, religious places and the like may be encouraged to provide simple shelters in public places that will have drinking water.

WETLAND CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHEME)

This scheme is implemented to check floods, prevent coastal erosion, mitigate the effects of natural disasters like cyclones and tidal waves, store rainwater, recharge ground water aquifers, provide nesting ground for many wading birds and water fowls, provide food and shelter for mammals and to remove wide range of pollutants. Major activities like habitat improvement, wild life protection, eco development activities around wetlands, and bio up gradation, awareness creation, research and monitoring and nature education were undertaken.

NATIONAL AFORESTATION PROGRAMME (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHEME)

The National Aforestation Programme (NAP) is being implemented in Tamil Nadu from 2002-03 through Forest Development agencies and Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) with 100% central assistance. Under „creation component‟ more trees can be planted.

GREEN INDIA MISSION The National Mission for Green India is one of the eight missions announced under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). It recognizes that climate change phenomenon will seriously affect the distribution, type and quality of natural biological resources of the country. Under this scheme lot of afforestation and forest protection activities can be carried out.

7. FIRE ACCIDENTS IN EXPLOSIVE UNITS

Precautionary and preventive measures taken under Explosive Act 1884,

The District Authorities were instructed to receive applications for LE5 license 60 days prior to Deepavali and the licenses may be granted atleast 30 days prior to Deepavali. Also, the District Authorities were instructed to strictly adhere to the Explosive Rules, 2008 while granting license in Form LE5.

2) Meeting with all Taluk Level officials were called and appropriate instructions to implement necessary precautionery measures and enforce them strictly for any fire accident and to effectively manage fire related disaster, if any.

i) While granting license for sale of fire explosive shops under LE5 license, the rules prescribed under Rule 83 of Explosive Rules, 2008 should be strictly adhered to Rule 83 of Explosive Rules, 2008 reads as Follows:

Rules 83 of Explosive Rules, 2008: 83. Explosives permitted for possession and sale from shop: (1) No explosives, other than fireworks, gun powder, small arm nitro compound and safety fuse, permitted in license shall be stored in a shop for possession and sale.

(2) Construction of Shop:- The shop shall be constructed of a brick, stone or concrete and the shop shall be closed and secured so as to prevent unauthorized person from having access thereto.

(3) The premises shall have storage area not less than nine square meters and not more than twenty five square meters.

(4) The Shop shall:-

(a) Be located on the ground floor of a building completely separated from other parts of the building by substantial walls having independent entrance and emergency exit from open air and having doors opening outwards, if applicable.

(b) Not be situated in the sub-level or basement or mezzanine floor.

(d) Not be situated under or nearby any staircase or life:

(e) Be accessible for firefighting and

(f) Have no electrical apparatus or battery or oil lamp or similar equipments capable of producing spark or ignition and all electrical wiring in the shop be fixed and effectively sealed or conducted or mechanically protected; the main switch or circuit breaker be provided at the immediate accessible position outside the premises For Temporary shops:

While granting license for temporary shops for the festive season, the rules prescribed under Rule 84 of Explosive Rules, 2008 should be strictly adhered to. Rule 84 of Explosive Rules, 2008 reads as follows:

Rule 84 of Explosive Rules, 2008:

Temporary shops for possession and sale of fireworks during festivals:

During festivals, the District Magistrate may issue temporary licenses for possession and sale of fireworks in a temporary shop subject to the following conditions namely:-

(1) The fireworks shall be kept in a shed made of non- flammable material, which is closed and secured so as to prevent unauthorized persons having access thereto. (2) The sheds for possession and sale of fireworks shall be at a distance of at least three metres from each other and fifty metres from any protected work. (3) The sheds shall not face each other. (4) No oil burning lamps, gas lamps or naked lights shall be used in the shed or within the safety distance of the sheds. Electrical lights, if used, shall be fixed to the wall or ceiling and shall not be suspended by flexible wire. Switches for each shop shall be fixed rigidly to the wall and a master switch shall be provided for each row of sheds.

(5) Display of fireworks shall not be allowed within fifty metres of any shed. (6) In one cluster not more than fifty shops shall be permitted.

Special Provisions:

Special precautions observed for fire works as stipulated in Rule 85 of Explosive Rules, 2008 should also be followed. Rule 85 of Explosive Rules, 2008 reads as follows:

Rule 85 of Explosive Rules, 2008:

85. Special precautions to be observed for fireworks:

(1) Subject to other provisions of this rule, fireworks shall not be placed or kept in a shop window used for display of goods.

(2) Fireworks in the shop shall be kept in a spark proof receptacle or the original outer packet in which they were received if that package is effectively sealed and in good order and condition.

(3) A receptacle or package containing fireworks shall be kept in a position away from and clear of shop traffic and to be separated from all articles of a flammable or combustible nature.

(4) Where a package containing fireworks is opened for sale, the fireworks shall immediately be placed in a clean, dust free and spark proof receptacle.

Safety Distances:

And also, in every factory / magazine / store house / shop dealing with fire explosives, the safety distances stipulated under Rule 86 of Explosive Rules 2008 should be followed. Rule 86 of Explosive Rules, 2008 reads as follows:

Rule 86 of Explosive Rules, 2008:

Safety distances to be maintained:

(1) Factory or magazine:- The factory licensed for manufacture or magazine licensed for possession, sale or use of explosives shall maintain safety distance specified in Schedule VIII and condition of license, as the case may be.

(2) Store house: The store house licensed for possession of fireworks or safety fuse shall maintain safety distance of three metres from protected works and minimum fifteen metres from any such premises or any other premises or any other premises used for storage of similar explosives, flammable or hazardous materials.

(3) Shop:- The shop licensed for storage and sale of small arms nitro compound, fireworks or safety fuse shall be at a distance of minimum fifteen metres from any such premises or any other premises used for storage of similar explosives, flammable or hazardous materials.

3) All the existing licensed premises which have been licensed under Explosives Act 1884 and Explosives Rules 2008 should be inspected to ensure that all the guidelines enshrined in relevant provisions of Explosives Act and Rules are strictly adhered, in such licensed premises.

4) The District Administration is also instructed to ensure that sufficient fire fightingequipments are installed in every licensed premises dealing with fire explosives (Fire extinguishers, water buckets, sand buckets, etc.) Also, along with the name of the licensee and license NO., the contact nos. of the nearest Fir and Rescue Service station, nearest Police Station, Revenue Officials should be pasted in licensed premises and NO SMOKING Board should be definitely kept in all licensed premises. Also, the District Administration is directed to ensure that the General Public are enlightened above these safety measures / preventive measures through display in Cinema theaters / Public places open for public view.

5) It is also instructed to complete all pending Forms regarding issuance of LE 5 licenses and temporary shops intime.

ROAD ACCIDENTS: The increasing loss of human lives due to Road Traffic Accidents has earned notoriety of being tagged as „Man Made Disaster‟. Many a times, accidents cause irreversible or irrecoverable damage to the victim and their close kith and kin. Statistics also reveal that, the victims of road accidents are the bread winners of the families, in their prime of youth, between 18 andAny loss of life or disability of any form, to this category causes huge loss to the near family of the victim

Causes of accidents

The latest technological innovations in the Automobile industry, Globalization of the economy, increased foreign direct investments all have propelled the infrastructure development in the country and resultant cascading effect on the road traffic. The increased buying power of the common public, have resulted in the exponential increase of automobile population. This has resulted in comfortable journey of the road user but on the other hand resulted in increased the vulnerability of the road user to road accidents.

In our country the road crashes are attributable to the following pattern/causes;

Driver‟s fault 83.5% Pedestrian fault /passenger fault 4.7% Mechanical defect of the vehicles 3.0% Bad roads 1.1% Bad weather 0.9% Others 6.8%

 Our District authority has taken various Road safety measures in order to avoid accidents and loss of valuable human lives. As a part of this “Road safety Week” was observed throughout the District every year in the month of January. The 31st Road safety week was Observed from 20.1.2020 to 27.1.2020 in our District. The theme for this year‟s Road safety week was “I pledge to always wear a helmet while riding a bike”.

 Pamphlets regarding Road safety were issued to public and all drivers. Red-Reflecting stickers were fixed in the rear side of the vehicles by the Transport officials.

 A rally with the two wheelers was conducted by all the RTOs in their respective jurisdiction for creating awareness about wearing helmets.

 On the third day of the camp essay competition, oratory competition, drawing competition regarding Road safety awareness and best Road safety slogans competitions were conducted among school students.

 Road safety awareness rally was organized by RTO officials. Road safety Pledge was taken in all the Schools, Colleges and Transport Offices. The transport Commissioner had allotted a sum of Rs. 1 lakhs to our District

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for organizing Road safety programmes during 31st Road safety week celebrations.

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MEASURES TAKEN TO REDUCE ROAD ACCIDENTS IN KALLAKURICHI DISTRICT.

1) slow lane and fast lane separation.

2) Trimmers at Blackspots

3) Reflectors and indicators in role.

4) Proposal for Bridges in Accident prone junctions

5) Improvised Road Construction

6) Laying Rural Roads with speed breakers when they connect

highways.

7) Awareness among public to follow traffic rules, drive with inspeed limits, wear seat belt and avoid drunk and drive.

GENERAL SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE ROAD SAFETY AND AVOID ACCIDENTS

In Kallakurichi, highways road Emapper roundana to Periyamampattu (Thiyagadurugam) has been identified as a major probability of accident prone zone. Hence following safety measures have been provided and traffic police are instructed to be more vigil while patrolling.

• Junctions with minor roads to be improved to proper standards, which would help in channelizing the traffic flow, improve inter visibility, ensuring accident free traffic flow.

• Segregation of traffic based on speed and carrying capacity. • Special safety zones for moving along side/across the road during peak hours • Providing bus bays, wherever possible, for safe commuter travel and usage and relocating/shifting of the ill-located Bus stops. • Sparing/Limited use of one- way exercising maximum restraint, in choosing the options. • Pedestrian safety as the “Top-most” priority, in considering the provision for roads. • Providing signages, proper reflective strips, enhancing the night time visibility, which reduces the accidents.

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Promoting and encouraging use of public transport in a bigger way and discouraging the preference of private transport –with an objective of carrying more people than more vehicles.

MAIN STREAMING ACCIDENT PREVENTION WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS

1. ROAD SAFETY ACTION PLAN

Government of Tamil Nadu approved a comprehensive road safety policy and a road safety policy and a road safety action plan. Road Accident Data Management System (RADMS) was developed using the funds provided by the world Banks. The details of each accident that occurs across the state are recorded by Police, Transport and Highways departments in RADMS and analysis reports are used for the road safety action plan .

2. ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

Safety status in the roads upgraded under TNRSP have been reviewed, to identify safety related problems ,deficiencies and shortcomings for suggesting remedial measures .The suggestions from the Road Safety Audit ,for 724 Km of roads have been implemented. Efforts are being taken to extend the road safety audit to select stretches every year.

3. ROAD SAFETY AWARENESS PROGRAMME

State wide Road Safety awareness programme has been conducted and has to be continued extensively involving stakeholders to reduce the road accidents involving pedestrians, two wheelers, buses and other heavy vehicles so as to create awareness among the road users. Road safety awareness programme have been conducted under supervision of the Institute of Road Transport, Chennai utilizing the consultancy services toeducate the drivers and road users. This can be implemented in Kallakurichi district also. The students can also be trained on various road safety aspects.

4. ROAD USER SATISFACTION SURVEY

The benefits of better road constructions are ultimately passed on to the road user. The quality and efficiency of the road systems impinge on road user satisfaction. Feedback from the road user regarding the quality of the road and an effective system to incorporate such feedback would help optimal allocation

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of budgetary resources for road projects and evaluation of utility of such projects. Maintenance and improvement works has to be taken as and when feedback is obtained from the public representatives and road users. A website is maintained to share with the road users information about various projects under execution, their current status etc

5. ROAD SAFETY MEASURES

The identification, analysis and treatment of road accident black spots are widely regarded as one of the most effective approaches to mitigate road accidents. It is well established that considerable safety benefits may accrue from the application of appropriate road engineering or traffic management measures at hazardous road locations. Results from such applications at “black spots” demonstrate high returns from relatively low cost measures.

In spite of the precautionary measures undertaken, certain inadequacies in the existing road infrastructure lead to accidents .In order to mitigate the road accident levels and improve safety measures, Government has announced a special project to attend the black spots in highly accident prone areas including urban roads. Mitigation Measures: 1. Cleaning and desilting of natural water reservoirs and drainage channesl in flood prone area. 2. Removal of encroachment on ponds/tanks. 3. Strengthening of embankments along rivers, ring bunds by PWD (WRD). 4. Periodic maintenance of sluice gates, barrages, embankments ect., 5. Converting defunct borewell into recharge pits. 6. Improving strom water drains in Municipal area and desilting it for safe outflow of surplusrunoff of flood water. 7. Construction of percolation ponds/ Check dams/ Recharge pits with shaft orrign wells sub surface dykes in vulnerable area. 8. Crop assessment (Azmoish) been updated. 9. Periodical reconciliation with Agrideft for crop wise information. 10. Enrolment of farmers in FasalBimaYojana Scheme/PM Kissan Scheme. ****

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8.Build Back Better (BBB)

Introduction “Build Back Better” signifies an ideal reconstruction and recovery process that delivers resilient, sustainable, and efficient recovery solutions to disaster-affected communities. The motivation behind the Build Back Better concept is to make communities stronger and more resilient following a disaster event.

This concept was termed “Build Back Better,” suggesting that successful recovery of communities following disasters needs to amalgamate the rehabilitation and enhancement of the built environment along with the psychological, social, and economic climates in a holistic manner to improve overall community resilience. The phrase “Building Back Better” became popular during the large-scale reconstruction effort following the Indian Ocean Tsunami disaster in 2004 after which it became more officially embraced with the creation of sets of BBB Guidelines to steer recovery and reconstruction activities toward achieving this goals

Statistics from the various nations show an increase in the number of natural disasters over time attributing to growing populations, urban growth in risk- prone areas due to scarcity of land, and global warming. Along with increasing frequency, recent disasters show an increase in magnitude and resulting destruction according to studies by the Red Cross. Both natural and technological/man-made disasters have seen nearly exponential rises in the

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number of disasters over time. Despite the increasing number of disaster experiences, post-disaster activities remain inefficient and poorly managed and need to be improved. Traditionally, post-disaster reconstruction consisted of simply repairing the physical damage that has been induced by a disaster. Researchers pointed out that rebuilding the built environment and infrastructure exactly as they were prior to a disaster often re-creates the same vulnerabilities that existed earlier. If restored to pre-disaster standards, disaster-affected communities would face the same difficulties if exposed to another disaster event in the future. The reconstruction and recovery period following a disaster poses an opportunity to address and rectify vulnerability issues found in communities. As a result of witnessing the ongoing impacts of disasters on communities, a concept started to emerge where post-disaster reconstruction was to be taken as an opportunity to not only reconstruct what was damaged and return the community to its pre-disaster state but to also seize the opportunity to improve its physical, social, environmental, and economic conditions to create a new state of normalcy that is more “resilient”.

The use of the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases after a disaster to increase the resilience of Viluppuram district and communities through integrating disaster risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical infrastructure and societal systems, and into the revitalization of livelihoods, economies, and the environment.

Reconstruction: The medium- and long-term rebuilding and sustainable restoration of resilient critical infrastructures, services, housing, facilities and livelihoods required for the full functioning of a community or a society affected by a disaster, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better”, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk.

Recovery: The restoring or improving of livelihoods and health, as well as economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities, of a disaster-affected community or society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better”, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk.

Recovery Framework: Establishes a common platform for the whole community to build, sustain, and coordinate delivery of recovery capabilities.

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Describes principles, processes, and capabilities essential to more effectively manage and enable recovery following an incident of any size or scale. Defines how emergency managers, community development professionals, recovery practitioners, government agencies, Report of the Open-Ended Intergovernmental Expert to Working Group on Indicators and Terminology Relating to Disaster Risk Reduction. Defines a strategy; prioritizes actions; fine-tunes planning processes; and provides guidance on recovery financing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. An effective recovery framework is not a plan, but rather a strategy that complements the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment process by outlining long-term goals and communicating the shared principles according to which progress will be measured.

Rehabilitation: The restoration of basic services and facilities for the functioning of a community or a society affected by a disaster.

NodalAgency / Participating Function Team Leader functionaries / agencies

SP, DFO, ADM, RDO, DMO, District Coordination Tahsildars, Administration ( Incident –Commander) Municipal corporation, NCC and (District Collector) other related Agencies.

Existing wireless operators (Police, Fire) Telecom Dept., Bharat Sanchar Nigam mobile operators, FM Radio, Communication Limited Signals Regiment –, VHF, satellite communication, Community Radio. Civil Defence and Home Law and Order Police Dept. guards, Coast Guard Department of Revenue, TN Police, Civil Defence, Fire & Rescue Service Search and Rescue Directorate of Health (Divisional Fire Officer) Services, Quick Response Team, DDMT, Coast Guard. TN Police, Fire Service, Directorate of Health Service, Evacuation Revenue Divisional Office Civil Defence, Air Force, DDMT, Coast Guard.

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Department of Food and Civil Supplies, NGOs, DDMT, Other Relief (Food, Organizations. Municipal Damage Corporation, Electricity Board, Assessment, District Administration TWAD, Health dept, Education Donation, dept, PWD, BSNL, Animal Shelter...…) Husbandry, Agriculture. NCC, Blood Bank, Red Cross, NSS, Rotary Club, Lions Club Dispensaries, Mobile Dispensaries, Hospitals, Ambulance Service, Blood Emergency Department of Health Bank, NSS, Rotary Club, Lions Medical (DMO) Club, IMA. Private medical Response association, Medicine Stockiest. Indian Red Cross, Civil Defence, Fire Service, DDMTs, NGOs. Public Works Municipal Corporations, TNEB, Equipment Water Authority, PWD support, PWD, Builders Association, debris and road Railway, Fire force. Clearance. Tahsildars, Municipality, TWAD, Local Body, Civil Relief –Shelter Revenue Supplies. PWD, Developmental Authorities, NGO representatives. Animal Husbandry Cattle Resource Animal medicine stockiest, (District Animal Recovery and Poultry Corporation Husbandry Care NGOs and other organizations. Officer) DC Office, Electricity Board, Transport Department, TWAD, Logistics (Electricity- Electricity – TNEB Municipality, Private Road Water Water - TWAD Ways, PWD, National Highway, Fire Force Dept, Police services, DDMTs, NGOs

TNSTC, Railway, PWD, Police, Municipality, Private Transport Motor Vehicle (RTO) Bus Owners, Scout, NCC etc. Media (print/audio-visual), Public NSS, Scouts & Guides, Information and Help Public Relations Education Dept., Department lines Warning Department of Information and Publicity, Dissemination BSNL, AIR etc

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9.Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Developmental Planning

The Legal Context

The Disaster Management (DM) Act 2005 mandated the DDMA to “lay down guidelines to be followed by the departments of the State Governments for the purposes of integration of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation in their development plans and projects and provide necessary technicalassistance.

Purpose of Mainstreaming Mainstreaming Disaster Management into the development planning process has the following purposes

1. To make certain that all the development programmes and projects that originate from or funded by the Government will have a consideration for reducing therisks.

2. To make certain that all the development programmes and projects that originate from or are funded by the Government do not inadvertently increase vulnerability to disaster in all sectors: social, physical, economic and environment.

3. To make certain that all the disaster relief and rehabilitation

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programmes and projects that originate are funded by the Government are designed to contribute to development aim sand to reduce future is at risk.

4. To make certain that area specific plan (prone to disasters) are prepared so as to enable the convergence of all future development programmes and projects to reduce therisks.

Do No Harm Approach

The objectives of Disaster Prevention will be realized through “Do No Harm Approach”. The development plans incorporates elements of impact assessment, risk reduction and adoption of the „Do No Harm‟ approach. Measures such as urban planning and zoning, updating of building codes, their enforcement, adoption of disaster resilient housing designs flood proofing, the establishment of early warning systems, generating community awareness, creating technical competence and promoting disaster resistant technologies are some of the priority areasconsidered under the Disaster Management plan.

Mainstreaming Risk concerns-a way of disastermanagement

„Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction‟ means completely institutionalizing Disaster Risk Reduction within the development and recovery agenda. „Mainstreaming DRR‟, is a logical corollary to the systems approach and it means completely institutionalizing DRR within the developmental planning and projects. Accordingly, the following processes will ensure institutionalization of disaster riskreduction

At conceptualization or funding stage itself, the developmental schemes will be designed with consideration of any potentially hazardous impact associated with it and will incorporate measures for mitigation of the same.

All the developmental schemes will be pragmatic, incorporating the awareness of local disaster risks and vulnerabilities and ensuring that the schemes have addressed these concerns and included specific provisions for mitigating such concerns.

Guiding Principles for Mainstreaming

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Resilient Communities

The mainstreaming efforts will centre around anticipation of disaster and planning and executing disaster risk reduction strategies in order to promote community resilience through enhancement of their livelihood opportunities, health, protecting their culture & heritage and socio economic assets. As part of the community involvement and promoting leadership among youth, approximately 540 able-bodied youngsters have been enrolled as first responders including women responders. These First Responders are trained in search, rescue and evacuation operations involving governmental &non- governmental agencies. The systems approach will accord highest priority to community involvement, capacity building in risk management and protecting the integrity of ecosystems to enhance their resilience. Integrated Development of Vulnerable Areas Besides focusing on treatment of the entire river basin for risk reduction, the main focus of mainstreaming disaster risk concerns into developmental plans will be on the integrated development of vulnerable areas so as to reduce the existing disaster risks and prevent the emerging and new challenges. The development of the vulnerable areas will be achieved through main streaming disaster risk concerns into the individual schemes and convergence of both structural & non-structural measures. In addition, all risk reduction strategies will accord primacy to social and financial inclusive growth. The approach besides preventing & reducing hazard exposure to vulnerability & disaster will also ensure the resistance of the district to risks through robust preparedness, preventive and mitigationstrategies.

Restoration &sustainable management of eco systems

The mainstreaming of risk concerns into development plans will be planned on a river ecosystem basis, so as to secure advantage of various ecosystem services rendered by the River Ecosystems and other ecosystems that interface between the rivers and the Coastal ecosystems. Special focus will be laid on restoration and protection of fragile and vulnerable interface ecosystems such as creeks, marsh lands and wetlands. 111

Mainstreaming of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation Strategies into Developmental Planning for Risk Reduction

Mainstreaming

Disaster State Development Risk Reduction Risks Plans/Strategies Reduction in Number of Flood Policies Regulation Cyclone Vulnerable Areas

Reduction in Degree of Vulnerability

Drought Budget Reduced loss of lives

Reduced loss of Tsuna Sector Plans property mi Programmes Enhanced Livelihood Landsli opportunities Projects de Risk Resistant Communities

Earthquake Risk Resistant State CBRN

Major Areas identified for mainstreaming risk concernsintodevelopmental plans

During the period 2017-2030 focus will be on major thrust areas for mainstreaming risk concerns intod evelopment plans taking into account risk reduction as an essential investment to promotes ustainable and inclusive development.The major thrust areas identifiedare

1. Natural Resources Conservation 2. Comprehensive River Basin development 3. Restoration & Sustainable Management of Eco systems 4. Sustainable Agricultural Development 5. Inclusion Development The State Government has been implementing a multitude of projects and programmes in the above thrust areas which hitherto were being implemented with spectral priorities and with less priority on Disaster Risk Concerns in the planning and implementation stages. In order to leverage the risk reduction potential of these programme the risk concerns will be 112

mainstreamed into the project components and they will be implemented with a focus to reduce the disaster risks of the vulnerable areas identified in the districts. These schemes will also be integrated with the special projects which are targeted to reduce the risks in the vulnerable areas. The convergence and mainstreaming risk concerns into these major thrust areas will enhance the resilience of the community in facing different disasters. The mainstreaming and convergence also incorporate the principle of Build Back Better to risk proof the community from major disasters to a great extent.

The major focus of the mainstreaming of risk concern strategies will be on Natural Resources Conservation, Sustainable Management of the Ecosystems and Restoration and Protection of fragile ecosystems. The strategies also encompass structural interventions based on aerial photogrammetric studies to promote comprehensive flood protection in each river basin. Inorder to enhance the resilience of the farming community to face the vagaries of monsoon and impacts of climate change, sustainable agricultural practices will be followed on a mission mode with special focus on rain fed agriculture. Mainstreaming of risk reduction strategies will be incorporated in relevant schemes to promote recharging of the groundwater,aquifer through Integrated Watershed Management approaches, Comprehensive Rain Water Harvesting at the household, community and institutional levels. Addressing the problems of sea water incursion in the vulnerable coastal areas will be one of the major focus through establishment of tail end regulators, construction of Bed Dams and injection of fresh water in the tail end areas of the drainage systems which drain into the estuaries under the MGNREGS, State schemes as well as special risk reduction schemes including funding by the Private Sector.

The main streaming will accord priority for carry in go out works invulnerable areas under five Major Themes viz 1. Sustainable Agricultural Development, 2. Natural Resources Conservation 3. Comprehensive Flood Protection 4. Sustainable Management of Ecologically fragile area 5. Inclusive Development

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Natural Resources Conservation Schemes Kudimaramathu • MGNREGS- Improving Inflow Channels, Tree Planting To address Drought, Floods, • Watershed Development Landslides, Heat waves and Climate • Special Area Development Programmes Impact • Integrated Tribal Development • Micro Irrigation • Rain Water Harvesting • Artificial Recharging of Ground Water • New Irrigation Projects • Prevention of Sea Water Intrusion Comprehensive Management of River Basins - Schemes • IAMWARM / TNIAMP • Kudimaramathu Works • Clearing &Widening Drainage Carriers to Original Standards To give protection during Floods • Check Dams across River Courses &Cyclones Floods by Structural with necessary scour vents for interventions like recharging the Downstream a) improving Storage Capacity of Water stretches Bodies • Construction of Regulators and b) Moderate flood flows by diversion, barrages • Riverine Reservoirs • Instream Reservoirs • Interlinking of Rivers • Tail End Regulators Sustainable Management of Ecologically fragile areas Schemes • Rain Water Harvesting • Artificial recharging through check dams and recharge shafts Flood and drought Mitigation and • Prevention of sea water intrusion Livelihood Support • Rejuvenation of failed Wells • Eco restoration of marsh lands, estuaries and creeks. • Conservation & Restoration of Creeks Marsh lands and Wetlands • River grading works Sustainable Agricultural Development Schemes • Mission for Sustainable Dry Land To Combat Drought and Climate mitigation Agriculture, Rain fed Area Development for Horticulture Clusters

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Inclusive development Schemes Social Security Schemes and Capacity Community resillence building of the vulnerable sectionsLivelihood schemes Social Security Schemes implemented by Revenue Department  MGNREG Simplemented by Rural Development Department  Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project (TNRTP)  National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)  Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihood Mission (TNSRLM)  Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihood Mission (TNULM)  Tamil Nadu Skill Development Mission Programmes  Self Help Groups  Fisheries Management for Sustainable To enhance Community Resilience Livelihoods (CDRRP)  Economic Development of AdiDravidar and Tribal Welfare  Social Security Schemes for differently abled persons  Schemes implemented by various Welfare Boards. Institutional Mechanism

The mainstreaming concerns of disaster into development plans will be taken up by the District Disaster Management Agency at the district level. The overall direction of mainstreaming of risk concerns into development will be provided by the Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority under the Chairmanship of Hon‟ble Chief Minister.

State Disaster Risk Mitigation Fund

A firm commitment has been made by Government of Tamil Nadu by making an announcement on the floor of the State Assembly by Hon‟ble Minister for Revenue and Disaster Management during the 2017 - 2018 budget session for creation of State Disaster Mitigation Fund.

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10. Financial Arrangements

State Government Funding As Stated in the section (48) of the DM Act 2005, the State Government shall establish for the purposes of the Act the following funds:

1. State Disaster Response Fund: This fund will be constituted and made available to the SEC for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.

2. District Disaster Response fund: This fund will be constituted and made available to the District Disaster Management Authority for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.

3. State Disaster Mitigation Fund: This fund will be constituted and made available to theSEC for meeting the expenses on mitigation activities.

4. District Disaster Mitigation Fund: This fund will be constituted and made available to the District Disaster Management Authority for meeting the expenses on mitigation activities.

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11. Way Forward

Disaster Risk Management is highly complex requiring multipronged strategies by the Governments as well as by other stakeholders. Successful risk reduction strategies require a thorough understanding of the various disaster risks, robust disaster risk governance, thorough preparedness, effective response and build back better strategies. The Disaster Risk Management to build resistant communities as well as transform an area vulnerable to disasters into disaster resilient areas, require significant investments in disaster risk reduction from government as well as private sector and the community. The various measures that are under implementation as well as planned to be taken up in the immediate future are detailed below, relating the various measures being implemented to the different priorities set forth in the Sendai Framework.

Priority- 1

Understanding Disaster Risks

Risk Assessment, Risk Mapping, Alert Systems and Risk Communication play a very important role in understanding the risks caused by different disasters. Better understanding of the risks strengthen the efforts of different stake holders to be better prepared to avoid the risks and in cases where avoidance is not feasible, mitigation measures can be targeted with precision to reduce the impacts of the risks as well as enhance the resistance of the community to risks. Government of Tamil Nadu has been according highest priority to strengthen the capacity of different stakeholders for understanding therisks.

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Risk Assessment and Mapping

Risk Assessment and mapping play a very critical role in enhancing preparedness during pre- disaster phase, strengthening response measures during the disaster phase as well as in undertaking preventive and mitigation measures during post disaster phase. The current Risk Assessment efforts will be strengthened with GIS based tools, advanced 3D models generating systems and Big Data analytics along with digital mapping of vulnerable areas as detailed below.

Real Time Flood Forecasting and Spatial Decision Support System for River Basins

Real-time Telemetry/ GPRS network of stations such as Automatic Weather / Automatic Rain Gauge stations, Online lake inflow and outflow meters, River flow level meters will be installed in the entire river basin areas so as to get real-time information of the rainfall as well as stream flows for strengthening preparedness measures and response measures. The data will also be analysed to evolve appropriate preventive and mitigation measures.

Mapping of Flood Prone River Basins by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Tamil Nadu Government in association with Anna University has launched an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Photogrammetric mapping of combined Viluppuram district. UAV will perform efficient surveys for disaster- prone or physically inaccessible areas by providing aerial images and accurate pictures of the water courses in the River Basins.

The study will provide inputs for identifying the location of dams, missing links of canals and ensure possible opportunities for interlinking of watercourses. Using UAV, the images captured will be pre-processed, stitched and converted into useful maps for the understanding of river basins and watercourses to initiate flood and drought mitigation measures.

Tamil Nadu System for Multi-Hazard Potential Impact Assessment and Emergency Response Tracking (TN- SMART)

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The Government of Tamil Nadu will put in place a System for Multi- Hazard Potential Impact Assessment and Emergency Response Tracking (SMART). The TN SMART is being developed in collaboration with the Regional Integrated Multi- Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) an Inter- Governmental Organization registered with the United Nations based in Bangkok. This system will be integrated with the other systems being developed with the help of GIS technology. TN SMART will offer following services to strengthen risk governance.

A dynamic risk assessment system to assess the potential impacts of the weather forecast issued by India MeteorologyDepartment.

An ensemble forecasting platform comprising of forecast products from various global and regional center for referencepurposes.

A robust verification mechanism (meta- analysis) platform to critically evaluate the performance of all the forecast products and forecast based impact scenarios, a “real-time system of evaluating the predictions with reference to the actualsituations”.

TN-SMART initiative is in line with World Meteorological Organization‟s Global Framework for Climate Services, i.e. development and application of climate services to assist decision- making for addressing climate-related risks.

Risk assessment and impact assessment components are driven by the forecast and site- specific thresholds derived from the historical records of extreme events and hazards. The tool would capture the risk and the corresponding potential impact. NDEM (National Database for Emergency Management) developed by the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC) which has inbuilt national level GIS datasets will be integrated with State Data Base for Emergency Management (SDEM) &TN-SMART. The TN- SMART will assist in Forecast and Analysis, Risk mapping and assessment, also act as a data management system for managing and processingweather,disasterrisksandemergencyresponseresourcesdataforusedu ring the different phases of disasters. GIS Cell

GIS technology will be of immense help to map and analyse hazards ofalltypes and visualize their potential impacts, integrate with critical risk reduction, response & relief infrastructure, population densities in the

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vulnerable areas to strengthen risk governance. The GIS technology by strengthening risk and hazard assessment provide the basic foundation for the overall risk reduction strategies. The GoTN has announced its decision to establish a GIS cell exclusively in the office of the Commissioner of Revenue Administration and Disaster Management at a cost of Rs.7.50 Crores. The TN SMART alert system, State Database for Emergency Management (SDEM), Storm Surge Model for early warning and Decision Support Systems on the real-time basis and other products will be integrated using GIS technology. This will be actualized by collaboration with R&D centres such as the Centre for Disaster Mitigation & Management (CDMM), Anna University, Institute of Remote Sensing, (IRS) Anna University, Indian Institute of Technology in Madras (IIT-M), as well as with RIMES an international agency registered withUN.

Exclusive Custom-made Query Tools will be developed to cater to the specific needs of Tamil Nadu for effective Pre-and Post-Management of Disasters based on the integration of different studies. The Tamil Nadu State Database for Emergency Management(TNSDEM) will have spatial and non- spatial information such as Hospitals (including both Govt. and Private – No. of beds, facilities etc.,) Ambulances associated with Private and Government hospitals and Ambulance Service Providers (location), Cyclone Shelters (location – Capacity) , Schools (which could be used as Emergency Shelters), Police Station, Coastal Security, Fire Station, Transport Infrastructure, Boats (Service Provider) ,CommunicationInfrastructure,Energy and Utilities Infrastructure Industries, Critical Assets – Hazardous Industries Etc.,. The captured spatial data will be integrated with Non-Spatial Information pertaining to the spatial data for each of the thematic layer. The GIS cell will focus on the generation of models to strengthen efforts during the Preparedness, Response, Relief & Rehabilitation phases of a disaster. The real-time predictive models will help in better governance to evacuate those likely to be affected and minimize loss of lives to the maximum possible extent. Data Analysis for Risk Assessment

Big Data Analysis can play a significant role in strengthening management during different phases of the disaster. Data analytics enables real- time data analysis not only to map the most disaster affected areas, but also to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other vital information to make decisions and issue alerts before disaster onset and thereby help in effective 120

preparedness, risk communication, response, relief & build back better strategies. The descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics will be used in multiple ways to handle disaster management more effectively.

Leveraging Technology to enhance the efficiency of disaster risk management efforts

Technology will be leveraged as a key to planning sustainable and disaster resilient infrastructure and systems. Satellite based/aerial photo grammetry based GIS system and computer simulation for vulnerability mapping will be the basis for strengthening disaster preparedness and response. State Disaster Response Network, a State wide electronic inventory of specialist and essential resources for disaster response will be established to strengthen the efforts during preparedness and response.

Risk Communication

Communicating risks to the community plays a very critical role in minimising the risk of loss of lives and moveable properties. Dissemination of information in time is a major challenge requiring investments in State of the art technologies. Government of Tamil Nadu being committed to minimize loss of lives and damages to public and private properties will strengthen risk communication by embracing new technologies besides strengthening existing technologies as noted below.

Social Media

Social Media will be utilized for information gathering and information dissemination in short notice. Social Media will be used extensively in disseminating Forecast, Early Warning Alerts and Messages to evacuate to avoid disaster mapping of disaster prone zones as well as in crowd management during Pre Disaster, during Disaster and post Disaster Phases.

Strengthening of Emergency Operation Centres for Real- time Risk Communication

The DEOC are equipped with multi communication facilities like VHF, mobile telephony etc. The Government will strive to establish EOCs at Taluk Levels and make communication in the EOCs at all levels from the State to local level, disaster proof by adding wireless communication sets Internet

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telephony, Ham radios, satellite radio etc., so that communication is uninterrupted even during power out ages.

EOC for Sub Divisions and Taluks At present, EOCs have been established at District Headquarters and Coastal Sub Divisions, it is important to decentralize the EOCs further. Hence, it is envisaged that full fledged Emergency operation centres would be opened even at the Taluk level and Sub Taluk Level. Thus, disaster will be managed at micro level giving due importance to location, local culture etc.

Early Warning System

End to End Early Warning System

Tamil Nadu has made a huge progress during post Tsunami period in terms of getting real time information on weather events and seismic activities. State has a well equipped State Emergency Operations Centre (SEOC) that gets information on significant events from various agencies and presently disseminates information through multiple channels to the DEOs which in turn inform to various line departments and first responders and the communities. However limitation of the present system of information is that while gathering of critical information at State level and its dissemination to the districts is very fast, the dissemination from district level to the community in remote location gets delayed due to absence of an integrated information dissemination system.

Therefore a State of the Art End-to-End Early Warning System is being implemented in Tamil Nadu. The Disaster Warning Announcement System is a standalone system. Under the Early Warning System work it is proposed to provide 19 Disaster Warning Announcement System (DWAS) to remote locations for all the habitations in Kallakurichi District.

The provision of the warning system with fully automated features and with minimum manual intervention is to ensure that human delays do not hamper the functioning of the system. The entire warning system will be made people friendly, by evolving a people- centric Early Warning System. Based on the experience of the project, similar systems will be placed in all vulnerable areas in the years to come.

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Satellite Telephony

The satellite connection do not depend on land-based telephone wires or cellular towers and are capable of providing a full range of communications services, including voice, video and broadband data. Even when disasters strike, these networks can be used to provide seismic and flood sensing data to Government agencies, to enable early warning of an impending situation and broadcast disaster- warning alerts and facilitate general communication and information flow between Government agencies, relief organizations and the public. The Government which is currently establishing Satellite telephony in Greater Chennai Corporation and neighbourhood will expand these services to the entire State in the years to come.

Internet Telephony

Internet telephony allows voice calls and other services like fax, SMS and other voice- messaging applications to be transmitted using the Internet as a connection medium. The Government has a state wide area cable network offering internet facilities. Internet Telephony connectivity will be established up to talk level to ensure that during disasters communication is disseminated without interruption.

Supply of distress alert transmitters to the fishermen/fishing boats.

The Distress Alert Transmitter is a user friendly and sea worthy equipment which can easily be operated by any crew of the boat. Four types of emergency (Fire, Medical, Sinking, Man overboard) indicating switches are located on DAT equipment, the fishermen can press the type of emergency so that MRCC, of Indian Coast Guard (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre) can initiate actions according to the type of emergency. Since it has an inbuilt GPS, the exact time and position from where the alert is transmitted will be received at MRCC, Indian Coast Guard- DAT hub with DAT identification number instantly. Immediate rescue operations can be initiated by ICG based on the alerts received.

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Communication: (HAM Radio) Timely Communication is most important during disaster. It Saves life and properties in golden hours. At present we are using VHS, Early warning system, What`s up, land line phone and cell phones. In future First Responders will be with special training on HAM radio on priority basis. Priority - 2

Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risks: The State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) is responsible for coordinating the response to disasters and reduces risks. All measures for mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery are undertaken under the guidance and supervision of the Authority. The SDMA approves the District Disaster Management Plans in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Disaster Management Authority.

The Commissioner of Revenue Administration is the State Relief Commissionerand undertakes all activities relating to Disaster Management and Mitigation besides managing relief and rehabilitation activities for any disaster in the State.

Tamil Nadu Disaster Response Force (TNDRF)

Though the community always acts as a first responder during disasters that strike with limited warning time as well as during disasters which can be forecast at least 20-24 hours prior to the event, the role of specially trained disaster response forces will be extremely vital for quick and before time evacuation of the people likely to be affected as well as for efficient search and rescue in case of necessity. Government of Tamil Nadu has decided to raise an exclusive battalion as Tamil Nadu Disaster Response Force. In the years to come the personnel of TNDRF will be continuously trained to upgrade their skills on par with NDRF. The SDRF personnel will also be utilized to train the First Responders identified from among the community, especially in the vulnerable areas.

UAVs with sensor options such as visual, thermal, Ladder etc. will be procured for use to map disaster areas, generate high-resolution and 3D mapping, identify hot spot areas and upload the data in real time to coordinate

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search, rescue and evacuation efforts during natural disasters as well as industrial disasters.

Capacity Building for TNDRF The Capacity of TNDRF will be enhanced by training them at State and National level institutions to handle natural disasters like Flood (Urban, Rural and Flash Floods), Cyclone, Tsunami, Storm Surge, Landslide, Earthquake, and man-made disasters like Building collapse, disasters related to CBRN etc. The trained TNDRF personnel will also be utilised to build the capacity of the Community First responders. Fire& Rescue Services

Fire and Rescue Services Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu is entrusted with the task of fire fighting and rescue operations in times of emergency. The Fire and Rescue Services Directorate plays a very vital role in the area of fire fighting and fire prevention. Apart from fire fighting, this department also under takes rescue activities and helps people, marooned in floods and caught in the debris of fallen buildings, road and rail accidents and other natural and man-made disasters. Fully automated fire fighting futuristic equipment and Robots will be playing a major role in the years to come. A conscious effort will be made to procure such modern systems equipped with thermal sensors to help in detecting fire at the earliest possible time and strengthen the fire- dousing operations.

Interdepartmental Zonal Teams for group of vulnerable areas

Interdepartmental Zonal Teams are formed under the leadership of Revenue Authority. The team members are drawn from Police, Fire services, Rural Development, Forest, Agriculture Departments etc. 34 Interdepartmental zonal teams are formed to monitor the 133 vulnerable areas during Northeast Monsoon 2019. The capacity of the members of the Interdepartmental Zone teams will be enhanced and they will be equipped with equipment to reach out to the community and quickly evacuate them based on early warning alerts communicated to them.

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First Responders Community participation at grass root level is enabled through enrolment of able-bodied volunteers, with skills of swimming and climbing, as first responders. First responder teams are formed in Areas of very high and high vulnerability. The first responders are trained by Fire services / SDRF and Red Cross society. Mobile teams of First Responders and Snake Catchers at Block levels are formed for deployment based on need.

The First Responders play a key role in organizing (first aid, search and rescue, extrication from damaged buildings, road clearance, firefighting) raising awareness (about hazards, risks, disaster response) community drills (annual drills for disaster response in the community) equipping the community with minimum resources (first aid kit, extrication equipment, lifejackets, lifebuoys, rope and the like). In the years to come, they will be trained regularly to enhance their skills on the one hand and more volunteers will be enrolled on theother.

Local Self Governments

The Urban/Rural local bodies, Town/ Village Panchayats have a key role in prevention & Mitigation and Preparedness of disasters. There are one Corporation, The DDMAs will coordinate the functions of these local bodies at the district level. The elected representatives will be sensitized to the needs of the community during disasters and their capacities will be strengthened through orientation and other training programmes.

Civil Defence

The Civil Defence being a community based voluntary organization in addition to rescue, relief and rehabilitation, plays a significant role in the field of public awareness and also community capacity building to face any disaster situation Some of the youth organizations namely, National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) have the inherent advantage of availability for immediate assistance at the ground level in the event of any disaster. These organizations are also proposed to be integrated in the overall Disaster Management framework with linkages with the Civil Defence.

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Multi-Stakeholder Involvement in Risk Governance

Disaster Management being complex requires the participation of the community as well as multi-stakeholders viz., the private sector, NGOs, CBOs, such as SHGs, Academic Institutions, NSS, NCC and others. Involvement and participation of the communities will ensure a collective and coordinated action during different phases of disaster. Government will continue to accord very high priority to build a culture that harnesses leadership and volunteerism among the community to develop a team of trained community volunteers through the participatory approach. Volunteers from the local community will be identified on a regular basis from NSS, NCC and Youth Groups with skills of swimming and climbing, as First Responders and teams of First Responder are formed in areas of vulnerability (for search, rescue and evacuation). It is also ensured that Women volunteers are also included in First Responders Teams and also in other Committees. Community involvement and participation will be the cornerstone of Governments strategy for disaster preparedness and it will further be strengthened by establishing linkages between the community, first responders and other stakeholders during different phases of a disaster. The stakeholder involvement will be encouraged to supplement the efforts of the Government as well as to build the capacity of the community and ensure community participation during the following stages of disaster management.

Special emphasis will be laid on greater participation of women in planning, designing, implementation & monitoring of programmes aimed at Risk Reduction. The women organisation networks will be strengthened & special focus will be laid on promoting leadership of women in Disaster Risk Management. Planning

From the habitation/village level disaster management plans to Taluk level, District level multi-stakeholder participation will be ensured. By involvement of multiple stakeholders, the plans will capture the perspective of the communities and various stakeholders.

Preparedness& Response

Community participation in preparedness will be ensured through enrolment of First Responders in areas identified as vulnerable to flooding and

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other hazards. The capacities of these first responders will be further enhanced through appropriate training tailored for advanced level of response in flood situation, as well as, to other types of hazards, local risks and accidents with the help of Government & Non- Government capacity building institutions.

Relief

Various stake holders involvement is needed during different stages of relief. Identification of beneficiaries has to be done as per the guidelines/ broader framework given by the State Government and communities, who are the most important stakeholder, will be involved in identifying right beneficiaries.

A coordination mechanism with NGOs and other stakeholders at District level will be put in place to avoid duplication of efforts in relief distribution and to bring in more efficiency in terms of most affected areas getting more attention and equity in relief distribution.

Rehabilitation:- Build Back Better

Multiple stakeholder involvement will also be encouraged for undertaking mitigation measures with an aim to build back better under the corporate social responsibility requirement of the profit-making Public and Private sectors as well as by dovetailing the projects being executed by civil societies from different sources of funding. Efforts will also be made to involve the community and other stake holders in project implementation and monitoring.

Multi-Purpose Evacuation Shelters

Base on a study of the location, population, community needs, 12 Multipurpose Evacuation shelters have been constructed in the district with statutory CRZ clearances. To accommodate livestock also separate facilities have been provided. These shelters are multipurpose utility buildings and can be used for activities like class rooms, community functions, meeting rooms for SHGs, community meetings, vocational trainings and other such other activities, making this infrastructure a vital part of the development of the communities. Based on need, the Government of Tamil Nadu will take up construction of New Multi-Purpose Evacuation Shelters wherever necessary.

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Incident Response System

The management of response in disasters requires the Government, Community, civil society and other stakeholders to carry out a large number of tasks. The activities involved in response management would depend on the nature and type of disaster. The Government of Tamil Nadu is adopting Incident Response System (IRS) in the State to ensure the unification of efforts of all the stakeholders to ensure immediate response during disasters to protect people & their properties.

The Incident Response System provides a systematic, proactive approach guiding the concerned departments and agencies at all levels of Government, the private sector and Non- Governmental organizations to work seamlessly in disaster situations.

During Disasters all Line Departments function under the overall guidance of the Incident Commander. The District Collector is the Incident Commander at District level. Coordination with Central Agencies and Armed Forces

The District Collector convenes a meeting of all Central and State agencies prior to Northeast Monsoon in order to ensure perfect coordination among different agencies and to ensure efficient search, rescue and evacuation operation whenever necessity arises. The details of vulnerable areas and the map are being shared with the Central Agencies to familiarise themselves with the vulnerable areas so that they can respond swiftly and effectively. These coordination meetings are held annually and special meetings are convened based on need.

Priority – 3 Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

Government will create a Disaster Mitigation fund for undertaking disaster risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures to enhance the economic, social, health and cultural resilience/resistance of persons, communities and the State‟s assets, as well as the environment. The Government will further encourage the involvement of the community, civil societies and the Private sector to partner the Government in

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its efforts to transform vulnerable areas to resilient areas. The Government will also promote.

Tools for incorporating disaster risk considerations in cost-benefit analysis, budgetary tools and information systems.

Sector based guidelines for the implementation of disaster risk management policies for public investment.

Guidelines for the evaluation of investment projects, including tools and requirements for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation analysis in addition to Environmental Impact Analysis and compliance to regulatory requirements in fragile ecosystems and other general regulations.

Tools for analyzing natural hazards in public investment projects.

 Developing and enforcing risk analysis criteria in private and public investment system regulations.

 Compendium of best practices

The Local bodies will be encouraged and incentivized to allocate necessary resources, including finance and logistics at the village level for the development and the implementation of disaster risk reduction strategies policies, plans and regulations in all relevant sectors with the active participation of the community and collaboration with different stakeholders. The Local Bodies will also be encouraged to promote the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessment, mapping and management into rural development planning and management of, inter alia, rivers, coastal flood plain areas-in coastal villages, dry lands, wetlands and all other areas prone to droughts and flooding, including preserving ecosystem functions that help reduce risks. Risk Transfer: The Government will continue to promote mechanisms for disaster risk transfer and insurance risk sharing for both public and private investment with special focus on Farmers and Livestock Farmers in order to reduce the financial impact of disasters especially during cyclonic storms, floods and drought. Special efforts will be made to enroll all the farmers in the areas identified as vulnerable to different disasters. The Risk coverage for all, will be aimed at universal enrollment especially in the agricultural & allied sectors, fisheries along with coverage of their assets. 130

Involvement of Private Sector: The private sector will be brought together on a common platform to strengthen disaster resilient investments, particularly through: structural, non- structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in Vulnerable areas and in critical facilities and building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles of design innovation and the standardization of building codes and materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments.

Non-Structural Measures:

As part of the non-structural measures the Government will promote the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessments into land use policy development and implementation, including urban planning, land degradation assessments and housing for the poor and the use of guidelines taking into account anticipated demographic and environmental changes. The Government will also encourage the adoption of National building codes and standards, rehabilitation and reconstruction practices. Social Inclusion.

Government of Tamil Nadu is known for welfare policies and is a pioneer in protecting and promoting the interests of the vulnerable sections be it women, weaker sections, children or differently abled. The design and implementation of inclusive policies and social safety-net mechanisms will be further strengthened, including community involvement, integration of livelihood enhancement programmes, access to basic health care services, including maternal, newborn and child health, sexual and reproductive health, food security and nutrition, housing and education and find durable solutions in the post-disaster phase to empower and assist people (currently) disproportionately affected by disasters to be resistant to risks.

Mainstreaming Risk concerns a way of disaster management

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction‟ into development plans strengthens risk reduction strategies by ensuring that new projects will incorporate measures to reduce existing risks and will ensure that new risks do not arise due to implementation of the new projects.

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On-going schemes and projects of the Ministries and Departments of Government of India and Government of Tamil Nadu as well as of all Government agencies and Institutions, including Public Sector Undertakings, will be mandated to mainstream disaster risks into the schemes and projects for ensuring that they address the disaster risk and vulnerabilities of the local areas and enhance the capacity of the community to resist disaster risks. At conceptualization or funding stage itself, the developmental schemes will be designed taking into consideration potential hazards associated with it and incorporate measures for mitigation of the same.

Major Areas identified for mainstreaming risk concerns into developmental plans. During the period 2019-2030, Government of Tamil Nadu will focus on major thrust areas for mainstreaming risk concerns into development plans taking into account risk reduction as an essential investment to promote sustainable and inclusive development. The major thrust are as identified are1) Natural Resources Conservation, 2) Comprehensive River Basin development 3) Restoration & Sustainable Management of Ecosystems, Sustainable Agricultural Development and Social Inclusion. The Convergence and mainstreaming risk concerns into these major thrust areas will enhance resilience/resistance of the community and the State to different disasters. The mainstreaming and convergence also incorporate the principle of Build Back Better to risk proof the Community from major disasters to a great extent.

The mainstreaming efforts will also ensure convergence of the programmes such as de silting of Water Bodies under G.O.Ms No 50. Industries), Kudimaramathu, MGNREGS-Improving Inflow Channels, Tree Planting, Watershed Development Special Area Development Programmes, Integrated Tribal Development, Micro Irrigation, Rain Water Harvesting, Artificial Recharging of Ground Water, New Irrigation Projects, Prevention of Sea Water Intrusion to address the problems of drought, floods, landslides, heat waves and climate impact.

Sustainable Agricultural Development that combats Drought and Climate mitigation will be achieved through mainstreaming disaster risk concerns into programmes like Mission for Sustainable Dry Land Agriculture, Rain fed Area Development for Horticulture Clusters, de silting of water bodies under different

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schemes, Integrated watershed programmes, rainwater harvesting and other programmes.

Mainstreaming concerns of disaster into development plans will be undertaken by the District Disaster Management Agency at the district level.

State Disaster Risk Mitigation Fund:

Priority – 4

Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for effective response and Build Back Better in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Resilience of community, resistance to risks and avoidance of risks requires strengthening and enhancement of preparedness to ensure the at there spouse to different disasters is effective through multi stake holder involvement. It also involves mitigation measures following systems approach. Systems approach will be implemented treating river basin as a unit and at the same time taking into account their interconnectedness with other ecosystems.

Data Analytics for Strengthening Preparedness and Response

Big Data Analytics can play a significant role in strengthening management during different phases of the disaster. Data analytics enables real- time data analysis not only to map the most affected disaster areas, but also to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other vital information to make decisions and issue alerts before disaster onset and thereby help in effective preparedness, risk communication, response and relief & build back better strategies. The descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics will be used in multiple ways to handle disaster management more effectively during different phases of disaster.

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Build Back Better for rehabilitation and reconstruction

Though all disasters pose multiple challenges, each disaster through up new challenges and provides in sights into the vulnerabilitie seven in areas that are considered to be safe. Systems approach sees opportunities in these challenges to build resistance of the communities and transform areas resilient to disasters through innovation, redesigning, retrofitting, capacity building and social inclusion. Government of Tamil Nadu has been facing these challenges and each time responds by adopting build back better philosophy in there habilitation and reconstruction projects.

Taking in to account the vulnerabilities being faced by Tamil Nadu the build back better strategies through systems approach will focus on the major vulnerabilities noted below:

Flood Mitigation measures in the Rural Areas The problems of flooding due to excess rainfall, Cyclonic Storms and storm surges are by no means confined to Urban pockets. Many of the rural areas also bear the risks of flooding, which result in loss of live sand damages to both public and private property. The Government is committed to under take a series of measures to prevent/mitigate floods as detailed below.

Kudimaramathu

The State Government revived the ancient system of Kudimaramathu - maintenance of water bodies with community participation. The local community will contribute 10% of the project cost and take up works of desilting of tanks and channels. The Kudimaramathu scheme paves the way for the people‟s participation and creates a sense of owner ship in the Community besides serving the purpose of Flood Control, Drought Mitigation and Ground Water recharge and improved on farm water management.

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Progress of De-siltation process

Proposed As on 20-08-31 As on 2020-09-01 length Quantily of Quantily of Completed Completed (in Kms.) slit slit length length removed removed Supply channel 71.65 39.40 123445 39.40 123445 Surplus 28.4 5.70 16000 5.70 16000 courses/channels Tank bund to be 28.88 20.85 122343 20.85 122343 strengthened

Progress of Repair/Reconstruction works: Completed Completed Proposed as on as on

works 2020-08- 2020-09- 31 01 (in Nos.) (in Nos.) (in Nos.) Sluices repaired 5 5 5 Sluices 24 14 14 reconstructed Surplus weirs 11 6 6 repaired Surplus weirs 3 1 1 reconstructed Other civil works 15 1 1

Drought Mitigation Northeast Monsoon is associated with cyclones and low pressure in the East Coast and benefits with its short duration high-intensity rains. A major part of district always experiences Water Stress/Scarcity during most part of the year. Drought Mitigation has, therefore, become a continuous process in the context of vagaries of the monsoon and ever increasing dependence on already over exploited ground water resources.

In order to overcome the current drought risk profile of Tamil Nadu, the following measures are contemplated. 135

1. Augmenting Storage Capacities of Water Bodies through De silting – G.O Ms No 50 2. Kudimaramathu 3. Integrated Water shed Development 4. Mission for Sustainable Dry Land Farming 5. Rain fed Area Development 6. Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project 7. Micro Irrigation under PMKSY - More Crop Per Drop 8. Special area development programme 9. Soil & water conservation in catchment of River Valley Project 10. MGNREGS 11. Tamil Nadu Village Habitations Improvement Scheme 12. Integration of Disaster Mitigation Measures in Village Panchayat Development Plan 13. Sustainable Water Security Mission 14. Conveyance of drinking water through closed conduct system 15. Utilisation of abandoned quarry site as “Water Storage Structures” 16. Programme for protection from sea water incursion MGNREGS The MGNREGS serves in multiple ways for drought proofing as well as for flood prevention. The Farm ponds and Percolation Ponds taken up under MGNREGS help to conserve water and aid in water harvesting. The construction, repair of canals, diversion drains, feeder channels, etc. help to stabilise irrigation under tanks systems. The afforestation (including plantation / necessary) provides drought proofing and moderates heat waves. The MGNREGS will be judiciously utilised to reduce the adverse impacts of droughts. conservation as well as accelerate growth of tree crops and climbers to increase the productivity of crops.

Lightning Lightning causes catastrophic damages to human lives, livestock, communication & electronic equipment and infrastructure. Prediction of lightning as to the precise time and location is very difficult. Injuries and fatalities happen during lightning and thunderstorm due to underestimation of risks by people and lack of awareness on safety measures to be adopted In view of the seriousness Go TN has declared Lightning as a Local Disaster and is providing relief from SDRF. 136

The district has initiated measures to provide special education on the do‟s and don‟ts so as to minimize the exposure of the farmers and farm labourers to lightning.

Bio shields Natural disasters like Cyclone, Tsunami cannot be prevented, but its adverse impacts can be mitigated to a great extent by raising Bio-shields along the Coast. Bio-shields are barriers raised perpendicular to the direction of the wind that is capable of protecting the coastal environment by absorbing the energy from wind, tide and wave action. The coastal sand dunes formed by the action of coastal wind have been stabilized by raising shelter belts. These natural barriers act against coastal disasters and thus protect lives and properties within the coastal zone. It was observed that the intensity of Tsunami was snapped up by a belt of green vegetation and some locations in the path of the 2004 “Indian Ocean Tsunami” escaped almost without damages. Establishing shelterbelt plantations and identifying and regenerating the degraded mangroves along the coastal areas also proved to be successful in the past for tackling natural calamities.

In order to provide protection to the people living in the coastal areas, from natural calamities such as cyclone and tsunami and to reduce sea erosion and velocity of wind, Coastal shelterbelt plantations and mangrove plantations were raised and maintained by involving local people with the financial assistance from World Bank. HEAT WAVES Heat Wave conditions can result in physiological strain, which could even result in death. To minimise the impact during the heat wave and to prevent serious ailment or death because of heat stroke, you can take the following measures:

 Avoid going out in the sun, especially between 12.00 noon and 3.00 p.m.

 Drink sufficient water and as often as possible, even if not thirsty

 Wear lightweight, light-coloured, loose, and porous cotton clothes. Use protective goggles, umbrella/hat, shoes or chappals while going out in sun.

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 Avoid strenuous activities when the outside temperature is high. Avoid working outside between 12 noon and 3 p.m.

 While travelling, carry water with you.

 Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which dehydrates the body.

 Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale food.

 If you work outside, use a hat or an umbrella and also use a damp cloth on your head, neck, face and limbs

 Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles

 If you feel faint or ill, see a doctor immediately.

 Use ORS, homemade drinks like lassi, torani (rice water), lemon water, buttermilk, etc. which helps to re-hydrate the body.

 Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water to drink.

 Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters or sunshade and open windows at night.

 Use fans, damp clothing and take bath in cold water frequently. TIPS FOR TREATMENT OF A PERSON AFFECTED BY SUNSTROKE  Lay the person in a cool place, under a shade. Wipe her/him with a wet cloth/wash the body frequently. Pour normal temperature water on the head. The main thing is to bring down the body temperature.  Give the person ORS to drink or lemon sarbat/torani or whatever is useful to rehydrate the body.  Take the person immediately to the nearest health centre. The patient needs immediate hospitalisation, as heat strokes could be fatal. Acclimatisation  People at risk are those who have come from a cooler climate to a hot climate. You may have such a person(s) visiting your family during the heat wave season. They should not move about in open field for a period of one week till the body is acclimatized to heat and should drink plenty of water. Acclimatization is achieved by gradual exposure to the hot environment during heat wave.  Discuss Tsunamis with your family.Everyone should know what to do in a tsunami situation. Discussing tsunamis ahead of time will help reduce

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fear and save precious time in an emergency. Review flood safety and preparedness measures with your family.  Look for Fire hazards.Under the earthquake action there may be broken or leaking gas lines, and under the tsunami flooded electrical circuits, or submerged furnaces or electrical appliances. Flammable or explosive materials may have come from upstream. Fire is the most frequent hazard following floods.  Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise, open a window and get everyone outside quickly. Turn off the gas using the outside main valve if you can, and call the gas company from a neighbour‟s home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.  Look for Electrical System Damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell burning insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice. Electrical equipment should be checked and dried before being returned to service. Check for damage to sewage and water lines. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged under the quake, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water from undamaged water heaters or by melting ice cubes that were made before the tsunami hit. Turn off the main water valve before draining water from these sources. Use tap water only if local health officials advise it is safe.  Watch out for wild animals, especially poisonous snakes that may have come into buildings with the water. Use a stick to poke through debris.  Take pictures of the damage, both of the building and its contents, for insurance claims. Open the windows and doors to help dry the building.  Shovel mud before it solidifies.  Check food supplies.  Any food that has come in contact with floodwater may be contaminated and should be thrown out.  Expect aftershocks. If the earthquake is of large magnitude (magnitude 8 to 9+ on the Richter scale) and located nearby, some aftershocks could be as large as magnitude 7+ and capable of generating another tsunami. 139

The number of aftershocks will decrease over the course of several days, weeks, or months depending on how large the main shock was.  Watch your animals closely. Keep all your animals under your direct control. Hazardous materials abound in flooded areas. Your pets may be able to escape from your home or through a broken fence. Pets may become disoriented, particularly because flooding usually affects scent markers that normally allow them to find their homes. The behaviour of pets may change dramatically after any disruption, becoming aggressive or defensive, so be aware of their well-being and take measures to protect them from hazards, including displaced wild animals, and to ensure the safety of other people and animals.

Climate Change Adaptation Programme:

Global warming and consequent climatic change will have deleterious impacts on a host of sectors and climate change induced disasters will be a major challenge for mankind in the years to come. The vulnerability is expected to be very substantial in coastal ecosystems and coastal communities requiring multi- sectoral interventions and multi stakeholder involvement. The Tamil Nadu State Action Plan on Climate Change (TNSAPCC) has identified inter alia, the following seven major vulnerable Sectors,

• Agriculture • Water Resources • Coastal Ecosystems • Forest Ecosystems & Biodiversity • Habitat – Human as well as Animal • Health • Public infrastructure All the concerned line departments are using the action plan as base document for future plan formulations. The Department of Environment, Nodal Agency for implementing TNSAPCC has submitted proposals for mitigation of climate change under the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in consultation with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), which is the National Implementing Entity for NAFCC and GCF. In the coming years climate change adaptation will be one of the major focus areas.

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Integration of Disaster Mitigation Measures in Village Panchayat Development Plan (VPDP) As per the Section 240 of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, every Village Panchayat prepares a development plan for the Village Panchayat every year. Government of Tamil Nadu in its G.O.Ms.NO.34, RD & PR (PR-I) dated: 02.03.2016 has issued guideline for the preparation of Village Panchayat Development plan. Accordingly, every Village Panchayat needs to prepare a Perspective Five year Plan and an Annual Plan for its holistic development covering the following sectors, though a participatory process as envisaged in the Government Order. The Village Panchayat Development Plan essentially includes.

 Drinking Water Supply  Cleanliness andsanitation  Infrastructure Roads, Culverts, OHTs, Pipelines, Street Lights,

 Sewerage systems  Natural Resources Management  Disease preparedness  Drought, Floods and disaster preparedness  Poverty eradication, Employment generation and Social Security.

All the above measures will contribute to the mitigation of floods, drought and ensure livelihood and improve the resistance and resilience of the Village against disasters. This programme funded from the 14th Finance Commission will be implemented up to by 2019-2020. The village Panchayats will be encouraged to focus on development that promotes sustainable development and accord priority to the areas already identified as vulnerable within a village Panchayat.

Though man made hazards can be reduced, it is extremely difficult to reduce the occurrence of natural hazards. However Risk resistance and invulnerability can be achieved by focusing on the vulnerabilities and also on the area of exposure and density of the population exposed to risks through a holistic systems approach. Therefore priority will be accorded to address the vulnerabilities in all the 36 areas identified so as to convert these vulnerable areas as resilient areas

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The schemes discussed above are only indicative and not exhaustive. Only some of the major schemes are being described. The schemes that are being implemented currently and in the next few years as well as schemes that are likely to be implemented in the next few years alone are discussed. The schemes that will be implemented subsequently will be detailed in the Action Plans that will be prepared periodically. The systems approach, Integrated development of vulnerable areas and mainstreaming of disaster risk concerns into developmental plans will be the corner stones of DDMP. All future plans will be conceived with the above three concepts providing the backbone for the disaster risk reduction efforts.

Understanding Disaster Risk • Hazard Risk &Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping for all major – Natural as well as man-made disasters. • Big Data Analytics based Risk Assessment • Comprehensive Flood Mitigation through appropriate interventions aided by Mapping of Flood Prone River Basins with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) • Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP) for Village levelplanning • State Data Base on Emergency Management

Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance • Incident Response System(IRS) • Strengthening and Capacity Building of TNDRF • Modernization of Fire and Rescue Services • Inter Departmental Zonal Teams • Multi Stakeholder Participation • Disaster Response Guards to provide service in all vulnerable areas • First Responders including Women in Vulnerable areas.

Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction Structural Measures f • Restoration and protection of fragile ecosystems • Prevention of Sea water intrusion • Enhanced storage of water bodies [Desilting of water bodies (G.O.Ms. No. 50) and Kudimaramathu] • Conversion of over exploited and critical aquifers into safe categories • Enhancement of bio-shields in coastal ecosystems • Climate resilient Hydraulic Infrastructures • Promotion of sustainable Agricultural practices in Rain fed areas for drought 142

and climate mitigation. • Integrated development of Vulnerable areas. Non Structural Measures

• Risk Transfer (enlarging Insurance cover –PMFBY) • Encouraging Private Participation(CSR) • Non-structural measures (CMDA - Master Plan 2030 with Land use Regulation &Directorate of Town and Country Planning – (land use and building regulation) • Disaster Risk Reduction to become an all projects.

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12. Do’s anD Don’ts During Disasters

DO’s DON’T’s • Raise furniture, electrical appliances • Don‟t enter flood waters. If you need to on beds and tables enter, then wear suitable footwear • Put sandbags in the toilet bowl and cover all • Don‟t walk through moving water. If you drain holes to prevent sewage back have to walk in water, walk where the flow. water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you • Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect the surroundings • Don‟t get near the electric poles and fallen power-lines to avoid electrocution • Eat freshly cooked or dry food. Always keep your food covered • Don‟t get near the sewage line, gutters, drains, culverts etc. • Drink boiled water or use chlorine • Don‟t let children remain on empty stomach tablets to purify water before drinking as advised by Health Department • Don‟t leave the safe shelter until the local officials declare normalcy • After the flood recedes, watch out for broken electric poles, damaged • Don‟t allow children to play in or near flood bridges, broken glass, sharp objects waters

and debris • Don‟t use any damaged electric goods, • Use mosquito nets/ repellants to get it checked by an electrician before using it prevent malaria • Don‟t use the toilet or tap water if the • Keep your mobile phones charged water lines or sewage pipes are damaged • Listen to radio or watch television for the • Don‟t eat food which has been in flood waters latest weather bulletin and flood warnings • Don‟t drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, • Keep strong ropes, a lantern, battery abandon the car and move to higher operated torches, extra batteries ready ground if you can do so safely. You and • Keep the First Aid Kit Ready with the vehicle can be quickly swept away. extra medication for snake bite and diarrhea

• Keep umbrellas and bamboo sticks with you for protection from snakes

• Stay in touch with local officials. Follow instructions when asked to evacuate

• If you are being evacuated: pack some clothing, essential medication, valuables, important documents in water proof bags to be taken to the safe shelter; and turn off power and gas connection before leaving the house

• Keep cattle untied to ensure their safety 144

13. KALLAKURICHI DISTRICT – IMPORTANT OFFICALS CONTACT NUMBERS

District Collectorate Name Mobile No Landline No District Collector 7604952015 04151-228802 District Revenue Officer 9840889966 04151-228800 PA(Gen) to District Collector 9444605018 04151-228801 Addl PA to Collector (Land) 9443017493

Assistant Commissioner (Excise) 9597796674 Assistant Director (Mines) (i/c) 9176499900

Assistant Director (Survey) (i/c) 9442254103

Assistant Public Relational Officer 9443564881

Revenue Divisional Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Sub Collector, Kallakurichi 04151-224790 Revenue Divisional Officer, Tirukkoilur 9445000422 04153-252312

Police Department Name Mobile No Landline No Superintendent of Police, Kallakurichi 9498110786 Deputy Superintendent of Police, Tirukoilur 9498100515 04153-252358 Deputy Superintendent of Police, Ulundurpet 9498100543 04149-222261 Deputy Superintendent of Police, Kallakurichi 9498100534 04151-220023 Inspector of Police, Ulundurpet 9498170007 04149-222261 Inspector of Police, Kallakurichi 9498100536 04151-222436 Inspector of Police, Chinnasalem 9498100539 04151-236238 Inspector of Police, Tirukoilur 9498100516 04153-252383 Inspector of Police, Sankarapuram 9498100517 04151-235236

Taluk Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Tahsildar, Kallakurichi 9445000519 04151-222449 Tahsildar, Sankarapuram 9445000520 04151-235329 Tahsildar, Tirukkoilur 9445000521 04153-252316 Tahsildar, Ulundurpet 9445000522 04149-222255 Tahsildar, Chinnasalem 9445461907 04151-257400

Taluk Supply Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Taluk Supply Officer, Tirukoilur 9445000205 04153-252316 Taluk Supply Officer, Ulundurpet 9445000202 04149-222255 Taluk Supply Officer, Kallakurichi 9445000203 04151-222449

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Taluk Supply Officer, Sankarapuram 9445000204 04151-235329 Taluk Supply Officer, Chinnaselam 9442122621 04151-257400

Special Tahsidars (Social Security Scheme) Name Mobile No Landline No Special Tahsildar, Ulundurpet 9445000202 04149-222255 Special Tahsildar, Kallakurichi 9445000204 04151-222449 Special Tahsildar, Tirukkoilur 9445000205 04153-252316 Special Tahsildar, Sankarapuram 9994806151 04151-235329 Special Tahsildar, Chinnasalem 9994625592 04151-257400

Rural Development Name Mobile No Landline No PD, DRDA, Kallakurichi 7373704204 Asstiant Director (Panchayat), Kallakurichi 7402606462

Block Development Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Block Development Officer, Tirukoilur 7402606339 04153-252650 Block Development Officer, Thirunavalur 7402606355 04149-224221 Block Development Officer, Ulundurpet 7402606360 04149-222238 Block Development Officer, Kallakurichi 7402606425 04151-222371 Block Development Officer, Chinnasalem 7402606430 04151-236235 Block Development Officer, Rishivandiyam 7402606435 04151-239223 Block Development Officer, Sankarapuram 7402606440 04151-235223 Block Development Officer, Thiyagadurgam 7402606445 04151-233212 Block Development Officer, Kalrayan Hills 7402606450 04151-242228

Health Department Name Mobile No Landline No Deputy Director of Health Services, Kallakurichi 9176990044 04142-222190 District Officer (Maternal and Child Health), Kallakurichi 7695007175 District Training Team Medical Officer, Kallakurichi 9790207186

Municipalities Name Mobile No Landline No Municipal Commissioner, Kallakurichi 7397389324 04151-222271

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Town Panchayat Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Executive Officer, Arakandanallur 8883100387 04153-224646 Executive Officer, Chinnasalem 8883100388 04151-236229 Executive Officer, Manalurpet 8883100391 04153-232422 Executive Officer, Sankarapuram 8883100393 04151-235032 Executive Officer, Tirukoilur 8883100395 04153-252384 Executive Officer, Thiyagadurgam 8883100396 04151-233244 Executive Officer, Ulundurpet 8883100397 04149-222271 Regional Transport Officer, Ulundurpet 04149-222250 Motor Vehicle Inspector, Kallakurichi 04151-223646

Regional Transport and Motor Vehicle Inspector Offices Name Mobile No Landline No Regional Transport Officer, Ulundurpet 04149-222250 Motor Vehicle Inspector, Kallakurichi 04151-223646

Tamilnadu Electricity Board Offices (TNEB) Name Mobile No Landline No Assistant Executive Engineer, Sankarapuram West 9445855725 04151-235292 Assistant Executive Engineer, Sankarapuram East 9445855724 04151-235292 Assistant Executive Engineer, Sankarapuram Town 9445855723 04151-235317 Assistant Executive Engineer, Chinnasalem Rural 9445855812 04151-236122 Assistant Executive Engineer, Chinnasalem Town 9445855811 04151-236264 Assistant Executive Engineer, Kallakurichi Rural 9445855810 04151-222857 Assistant Executive Engineer, Kallakurichi Town 9445855525 04151-235292 Assistant Executive Engineer, Thiyagadurgam 9445855869 04151-233231 Assistant Executive Engineer, Tirukoilur West 9445855866 04153-252301 Assistant Executive Engineer, Tirukoilur Town 9445855868 04153-252348

POLICE STATION SHO – PHONE NUMBERS Kallakurichi Sub-Division S. Name of the PS / SHO Name Police Station SHO SHO No. Circle CUG Mobile No. CUG Number

1 Kallakurichi SI -Tr.S.Selvanayagam 9498100536 6379289994 9498153008 2 Varanjaram SI -Tr.Selvaraj 9498100537 7397652255 9498107374 3 Chinna salem SI -Tr.S.Balamurali 9498100539 9629055494 9498155590 4 Keezhkuppam SI -Tr.N.K.Elumalai 9498100540 9994624464 9498151742 5 Kachirapalayam SI -Tr.Rajendran 9498100538 - 9489228833 6 Kariyalur SI -Tr.M.Raja 9498100541 - 9442471301 7 Thiyagadurugam Ins- Tr.Kumar 9498100535 - 9498164297

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Fire and Rescue Service Stations Name Mobile No Landline No District Fire Officer, Kallakurichi 9786664477 Station Officer, Thiyagadurgam 04151-252101 Station Officer, Chinnasalem 9445086531 04151-256101 Station Officer, Sankarapuram 9445086494 04151-235235 Station Officer, Tirukoilur 9445086496 04153-252399 Station Officer, Ulundurpet 9445086498 04149-222349 Station Officer, Kallakurichi 9445086491 04151-222101

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15.ABBREVIATIONS

AAI Airport Authority of India ACS Additional Chief Secretary ADB Asian Development Bank ADGP Additional Director General of Police AF Armed Forces AHD Animal Husbandry Department AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ARG Automatic Rain Gauge ASSZ Andaman Sumatra Subduction Zone AWS Automatic Weather Station BARC Bhaba Atomic Research Centre BGL Below Ground Level BITE Built In Automated Test Facility BMTPC Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council CAPF Centre Armed Police Force CAPT Centre for the Advancement of Process Technology CBDRM Community Based Disaster Risk Management CBO Community Based Organisastion CBRN Chemical Biological Nuclear and Radiological CCS Cabinet Committee on Security CDMM Centre for Disaster Mitigation & Management CDPO Child Development Project Officer CDRRP Coastal Disaster Risk Reduction Project CEO Chief Executive Officer CMDA Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority CMSPGHS Chief Minister‟s Solar Powered Green House Scheme CMUPT Chief Minister‟s UzhavarPadhukappuThittam CMWSSB Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board COM Chief Medical Officer CRA Commissioner of Revenue Administration CRIDP Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme CRPF Central Reserve Police Force

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CRRT Chennai River Restoration Test CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone CSS Centrally Sponsored Schemes DAE Department of Atomic Energy DAE-CMG Department of Atomic Energy – Crisis Management Group DAP Differently Abled Pension Scheme DATs Distress Alert Transmitters DDMAs District Disaster Management Authorities DDMP District Disaster Management Plan DDWP Destitute Deserted Wives Pension Scheme DEOC District Emergency Operation Centre DGP Director General of Police DIPR Disaster Information and Public Relations DM Disaster Management DRC Disaster Recovery Centre Unit DRD Director of Rural Development DRO District Revenue Officer DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DWAS Disaster Warning Announcement System DWAS-R Disaster Warning Announcement System –Remote locations DWP Destitute Widows Pension Scheme ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast ENS Earthquake Notification System EOCs Emergency Operation Centres ERC Emergency Response Centre ERM Extension Renovation and Modernization ETRP Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project FFC Fourteenth Finance Commission FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System FRL Full Reservoir Level GCC Greater Chennai Corporation GCF Green Climate Fund GIS Geographical Information System G.O Government Order

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GoI Government of India GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Geographic Positioning System Ha Hectare HARC-TD High Antennas for Radio Communications – Tethered Drone HF High Frequency HFL Highest Flood Level HLC High Level Committee HSC Hazard Safety Cell HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation HVRA Hazard and Vulnerability Risk Analysis IAMP Irrigated Agricultural Moderation Project Irrigated Agricultural Modernisation and Water bodies Restoration and IAMWARM Management Project IAP Incident Action Plant IB Intelligence Bureau ICG Indian Coast Guard ICT Information and Communication Technology ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IDRN India Disaster Resource Network IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IG Inspector General IGN-DPS Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme IGN-OAPS Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme IGN-WPS Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme IIT Indian Institute of Technology IMD Indian Meteorological Department INCOIS Indian National Centre Ocean Information Services IRS Institute of Remote Sensing IRS Incident Response System IRTs Incident Response Teams IT Information Technology ITEWC Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre IWDP Integrated Watershed Development Programme 173

JMA Japan Meteorological Agency Kcal Kilo Calories LED Light Emitting Diode LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging LISS Linear Imaging Self Scanning sensor LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAH Major Accident Hazard MAI : Moisture Adequacy Index MANAGE : National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management MCAFPD Ministry of Consumer Affairs Food and Public Distribution MCI : Medical Council of India MEA : Ministry of External Affairs MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MHA : Ministry of Home Affairs MIS Management Information System MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MoAFW : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare MoCA : Ministry of Civil Aviation MoCAFPD : Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution MoCF : Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers MoCI : Ministry of Commerce and Industry MoCIT : Ministry of Communications and Information Technology MoD : Ministry of Defence MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MoDWS : Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation MoEF Minister of Environment and Forests MoEFCC : Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MoES : Ministry of Earth Sciences MoF : Ministry of Finance MoFPI : Ministry of Food Processing Industries MoHFW : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoHIPE : Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises MoHRD : Ministry of Human Resource Development

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MoHUPA : Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation MoIB : Ministry of Information and Broadcasting MoLE : Ministry of Labour and Employment MoM : Ministry of Mines MoMSME : Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises MoNRE : Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoP : Ministry of Power MoPA : Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs MoPNG : Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas MoPR : Ministry of Panchayati Raj MoR : Ministry of Railways MoRD : Ministry of Rural Development MoRTH : Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MoSDE : Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship MoSJE : Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment MoST : Ministry of Science and Technology MOU Memorandum of Understanding MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development MoWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development MoWR : Ministry of Water Resources MoYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports MPCS : Multi-Purpose Cyclone Centre MPES Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters MRCC Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre MRTS Mass – Rapid – Transit System MSDA Mission on Sustainable Dry land Agriculture MSIHC : Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals MW Mega Watt NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NAFCC National Adaption Fund for Climate Change NBC National Building Code of India NC Natural Calamity NCC National Cadet Corps NCMC National Crisis Management Committee

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NDEM National Database for Emergency Management NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDMP National Disaster Management Plan NDRF National Disaster Response Force NEC National Executive Committee NEOC National Emergency Operation Centre NFDB National Fishery Development Board NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NHAI National Highways Authority of India NIDM National Institute of Disaster Management NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science NLC Neyveli Lignite Corporation NM Nautical Miles NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre NRT Near Real-Time NSRC National Remote Sensing Centre NSS National Service Scheme NTFPs Non. Timber Forest Products NULM National Urban Livelihood Mission NWDA National Water Development Agency NYKS Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan OHT Over Head Tank OTF Operation Theatre Facility PA(G) Personal Assistant (General) PAP ParambikulamAliyar Project PDS Public Distribution Systems PHC Public Health Centre PMFBY Prime Minister‟s FasalBeemaYojana PMKSY PradhanMantriKrishiSinchayeeYojana PRIs Panchyat Raj Institutions PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSLP Post Tsunami Sustainable Livelihood PWD Public Works Department R&D Research and Development

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RAD Rain fed Area Development RADM&M Revenue Administration Disaster Management and Mitigation Department RBFS Raised Beds and Furrow System RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RD Rural Development RD & PR Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department RDO Revenue Divisional Officer RGRP Rajiv Gandhi Rehabilitation Programme RIMES Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System RSM Risk Assessment and Mapping SAC Space Application Centre SAMP Special Area Management Plan SASE Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment SDEM State Data Base for Emergency Management SDMAs State Disaster Management Authorities SDMP State Disaster Management Plan SDRF State Disaster Response Fund SDRF State Disaster Response Force SEC State Executive Committee SEOC State Emergency Operation Centre SHGs Self Help Groups SHN Sector Health Nurse SLSC State Level Sanctioning Committee SMAF Sub-mission on Agro Forestry SMC Soil Moisture Conservation SMS Short Message Service SP Superintendent of Police SRC&CRA State Relief Commissioner and Commissioner of Revenue Administration SSI Sustainable Sugarcane Initiatives SSS Social Security Schemers TANGEDCO Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation TBGP Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Conservation and Greening Project TCPL Tree Cultivation in Private Lands TEAP Tsunami Emergency Assistance Programme

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THAI Tamil Nadu Village Habitations Improvement Scheme TMC Thousand Million Cubic feet TN Tamil Nadu TNAU Tamil Nadu Agricultural University TNCF Tamil Nadu Commando Force TNCSC Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation TNDRF Tamil Nadu Disaster Response Force TNDRRA Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency TNIAMP Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural Modernisation Project TNRTP Tamil Nadu Rural Transformation Project TNSAPCC Tamil Nadu State Action Plan on Climate Change TNSCB Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board TNSDEM Tamil Nadu State Database for Emergency Management TNSDMA Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Agency TNSDMP Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Plan TNSDRF Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force Tamil Nadu System for Multi-Hazard Potential Impact and Emergency TNSMART Response Tracking TNSRLM Tamil Nadu State Rural Livelihood Mission TNSUDP Tamil Nadu Sustainable Urban Development Project TNUDP Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project TNULM Tamil Nadu Urban Livelihood Mission TOT Training of Trainers TWAD Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UGSS Under Ground Sewerage Scheme UKMET United kingdom Meteorological Model ULBS Urban Local Bodies UNDP United Nation Development Programme UNFCCC Un Framework Convention on Climate Change UWP Un-married, Poor, Incapacitated Women of age 50 years and above VAO Village Administrative Officer VHN Village Health Nurse VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer VPDP Village Panchayat Development Plan 178

VRCC Vulnerability Reduction of Coastal Communities VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal WLS Wildlife Sanctuary WMO World Meteorological Organisation WPS Widow Pension Scheme WRD Water Resources Department WRF Weather Research and Forecasting Model

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