DOCSLIB.ORG

Chemical Weed Control

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chemical Weed Control MIELIE-INLIGTINGSGIDS | MAIZE INFORMATION GUIDE | 2 0 1 3 CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL / iÊ >VVÕÀ>ÌiÊ ÕÃi of herbicides regard to nozzles, timely herbicide often results in ineffective weed con- application, drift, usage restric- trol and crop damage. Most problems tions, safety warnings, compat- can be prevented by strictly following ibility with other agro-chemicals, label prescriptions. You are com- directions for use etc. pelled by law to do so, as published The efficacy of a pre-emergence herbi- in the Government Gazette. cide, for example requires a fine and Herbicides are “wonder chemicals” even seedbed. Pre-emergence her- as it is used in nature in complex in- bicides must be washed into the soil teractions with soil, extreme environ- (rain or irrigation) before the herbicide mental and climatic conditions and/ is activated. Post-emergence herbi- or in combination with other agro- cides will not be effective if the her- chemicals. What’s more - herbicides bicides are applied when the weeds are plant killers, supposed to control are under stress (for example drought, unwanted plants between crop plants. extreme high temperatures etc.) as the herbicide won’t be absorbed effective- To check the efficacy of herbicides in ly by the weed. Beware of drift dur- practice, leave an untreated control in ing the application of post-emergence fields. Such a control is an area of herbicides. Adjuvants to enhance at least 3 - 5 metres, where no her- penetration, adsorption and spread of bicides are applied. This untreated herbicides have to be added to most area can then be compared with the post-emergence herbicides. The pH areas where the herbicides are ap- of tank-water has to be checked and plied. where necessary a buffer and / or am- In finalising your weed control strategy monium sulphate have to be added to please take note of the following: enhance efficacy of post emergence herbicides. Rain or irrigation within six 1. Regular field scouting is important to eight hours after application of post- to identify problematic weed spe- emergence herbicides may wash off cies. the herbicide, resulting in less effective 2. Confirm herbicides registered on weed control. Take note of instructions both the weeds and the crop. with regard to herbicide applica- tion on specific growth stages of the 3. Calibrate herbicide applicators weed. Producers often expect herbi- accurately. cides to provide season long effective 4. Take note of label instructions with weed control, thus up to six or seven LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse / ARC-Grain Crops Institute 125 MIELIE-INLIGTINGSGIDS | MAIZE INFORMATION GUIDE | 2 0 1 3 months. Season long weed control ingredient (or mixtures thereof). Grass is unrealistic as environmental condi- weeds that can be difficult to control tions are seldom optimal. For effective will be accentuated on the label and weed control during the whole season usually dosage rates are revised to en- a minimum of two herbicide applica- sure effective control. Positive identifi- tions are recommended. Where crop cation of weeds is therefore the basis rotation is practiced, take note of the of an effective chemical control spray label instructions with regard to wait- program. ing periods for follow up crops. The control of grass weeds in maize À>ÃÃiÃÊ Ì >ÌÊ >ÞÊ LiÊ `vwVÕÌÊ (a grass itself) is one of the producer’s ÌÊVÌÀÊÉÊÀ>ÃÃiÊÜ>ÌÊi - largest challenges. A disadvantage ÊLi iiÀL>>ÀÊ>ÊÜiià is the season long germination of grasses. Early season grasses can be Cyperus esculentus (Yellow nutsedge/ controlled by pre-emergence gramini- Geeluintjie) cides (grass herbicides). Due to com- Cyperus rotundus (Purple nutsedge/ petition, grain contamination and Rooiuintjie) grass seed present in the soil seed bank, late germinating grasses may Digitaria nuda (Naked crabgrass) still cause problems in the current and Eleusine coracana (Goose grass/ subsequent seasons. Annual grass Jongosgras) weeds may be controlled by mechani- cal weeding or by the split applica- Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass/ tion of graminicides. Post-emergence Johnsongras) graminicides have also been regis- Urochloa panicoides (Herringbone tered on maize and is usually used in grass/Beesgras) a spray program with pre-emergence Cynodon dactylon (Common couch/ herbicides at or just after planting fol- Kweekgras) lowed by post-emergence herbicides when grasses are at the 4 to 6 leave Commelina benghalensis (Wandering stage. The larger the grass tufts the Jew/Wandelende Jood) less efficient the post-emergence her- (See photo’s on page 121) bicides will be. The efficacy of a her- bicide depends on accurate, timely application of herbicide(s), but also on a most effective weed control pro- gramme. Each herbicide has a label in which a table of grass and / or broad leaves weeds are listed that will be effectively controlled by the active 126 LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse / ARC-Grain Crops Institute MIELIE-INLIGTINGSGIDS | MAIZE INFORMATION GUIDE | 2 0 1 3 Cyperus esculentus (Yellow nutsedge/Geel- Digitaria nuda (Naked crabgrass) uintjie) Cynodon dactylon (Common couch/ Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass/ John- Kweekgras) songras) Cyperus rotundus (Purple nutsedge/Rooi- Eleusine coracana (Goose grass/Jongosgras) uintjie) Urochloa panicoides (Herringbone grass/ Commelina benghalensis (Wandering Jew/ Beesgras) Wandelende Jood) LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse / ARC-Grain Crops Institute 127.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Cyperus
    Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017; 07 (01): 11-15 ISSN: 2250 – 2688 Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Cyperus Received: 04/03/2017 rotundus L. Revised: 16/03/2017 Accepted: 29/03/2017 Muneesh Kumar, Manisha Rani, Bibekananda Meher Muneesh Kumar, Manisha Rani, ABSTRACT Bibekananda Meher Faculty of Pharmacy, Nowadays there is increasing interest of researchers to explore herbal drugs for health benefits of IFTM University Moradabad, human as well as animals. Drugs which are obtained from natural sources are pharmacologically Uttar Pradesh-244102, India. potent and have low or no side effects for use in preventive medicine. Cyperus rotundus L. is commonly known as nagarmotha, motha in local languages. It is available all over the country. Cyperus rotundus is having some reported activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial properties. It contains flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, starch, Correspondence carbohydrates, protein, separated amino acids and different secondary metabolites. Considering the growing interest in the field of plant drugs assessing different pharmacological activities. In this Bibekananda Meher review we are discussing about the therapeutic potential and chemical constituents of Cyperus Faculty of Pharmacy, rotundus. IFTM University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244102, India Key Words: Cyperus rotundus, flavonoids, tannins, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic. E mail: [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION Most of the people all over the world use plant drugs for treatment of different diseases. It always plays a key role in the treatment of different ailment of human and animals all over the world. In developing country more researchers are working on plant and plant product so recognition of natural product is growing.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical, Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Use of Cyperus Articulatus L
    11 Medical, Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Use of Cyperus articulatus L. – a Review Inês Ribeiro Machado1, Keila Rêgo Mendes2, Michel Rios Arévalo3, Aline Aparecida Munchen Kasper3, Kelly Christina Ferreira Castro3, Homero de Giorge Cerqueira2, Amanda Souza Silva3 & Lauro Euclides Soares Barata3 Recebido em 19/03/2020 – Aceito em 08/05/2020 1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro/UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brasil. CEP: 28.013-600. <[email protected]>. 2 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, EQSW 103/104, Bloco “B”, Complexo Administrativo, Setor Sudoeste, Brasília/DF, Brasil. CEP: 70.670-350. <[email protected], [email protected]>. 3 Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará/UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz s/n (Unidade Tapajós), Bairro Salé, Santarém/PA, Brasil. CEP: 68.040-255. <[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]>. ABSTRACT – Cyperus articulatus L., belonging to the Cyperaceae family, is a plant species that has almost insignificant flowers at its ends. The stalks of the species produce tubers that, when cut, give off a fresh, woody and spicy smell; they are traditionally used in baths and in the manufacture of artisanal colonies in northern Brazil. In addition to use in cosmetics and perfumery, the plant also has medicinal and pharmacological properties. Among the pharmacological properties are the antimalarial, sedative, hepatoprotective, contraceptive effects on the central nervous system (CNS), insecticide, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anthococcosis. The metabolites found related to the mentioned activities were cyperotundone, alpha-cyperone, mustacone for antimalarial activity in the chloroform extract of the priprioca rhizomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Cyperus Rotundus Linn – a Review
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Medicinal uses and Pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn – A Review Sri Ranjani Sivapalan Unit of Siddha Medicine University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka [email protected] Abstract- Cyperus rotundus Linn belong to the family In Asian countries, the rhizomes of C. rotundus, which are used Cyperaceae. It is the world worst weed native to India. It grows as traditional folk medicines for the treatment of stomach and in small clump up to 100cm high. The extensive distribution of bowel disorders, and inflammatory diseases, have been widely, the nut-grass is due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of soil investigated [3-5]. C. rotundus is a traditional herbal medicine types, altitudes, temperatures, soil pH and moisture levels. It used widely as analgesic, sedative, antispasmodic, antimalarial, therefore grows in a variety of different habitats and stomach disorders and to relieve diarrhoea [6-7]. The tuber part environments. It has wide range of medicinal and of C. rotundus is one of the oldest known medicinal plants used pharmacological applications. According to the Ayurveda, for the treatment of dysmenorrheal and menstrual irregularities C.rotundus rhizomes are considered astringent, diaphoretic, [8-9]. Infusion of this herb has been used in pain, fever, diuretic, analgesic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diarrhoea, dysentery, an emmenagogue and other intestinal antitussive, emmenagogue, litholytic, sedative, stimulant, problems [10]. It is a multipurpose plant, widely used in stomachic, vermifuge, tonic and antibacterial. This paper traditional medicine around the world to treat stomach ailments, provides review on medicinal uses and various pharmacological wounds, boils and blisters [11-14].
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus Rotundus L.) With
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Richard Lyle Chase for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Science presented on November 6, 1978 Title: Control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) with glyphosate. Abstract approved:Redacted for pnvacy --"1" Arnold P. A:0514y /f Research conducted in El Salvador, Central America, demonstrated that an interval of 3 days between application of glyphosate and tillage was sufficient to cause a 90% reduction in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) plants, while delays of 11-23 days generally gave slightly less control. A second application to the same plots 35 days following tillage resulted in greater than 90% reduction at all intervals. Approximately 3 months after the initial treatment the tuber population had been reduced to one half the original population. Germination of the remaining tubers was reduced more than 50%. Glyphosate applied during the dry season caused an average of 79% reduction in plant numbers as compared to 88% in the rainy season. However, in the dry season, the remaining plants had no competition from other weeds and after 5 months there was only a 40% reduction in nutsedge population. During the rainy season 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha were ecually effective, but 1 kg/ha was not sufficient in the dry season. In growth chamber studies, glyphosate at 2 kg/ha was more effective in reducing regrowth of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) scapes at 90% than at 50% relative humidity (r.h.), and more effective at -2 bars than at -11 bars of plant water potential.Regrowth of treated plants under water stress of -1 to -8 bars was reduced 54-60% while at -11 bars growth inhibition was only 34%.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents of Cyperus Rotundus L. and Their Inhibitory Effects on Uterine Fibroids
    Chemical constituents of Cyperus rotundus L. and their inhibitory effects on uterine fibroids. Ying Ju1*, Bing Xiao2 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China 2. Department of Surgery, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710001, China. Abstract: Background: Xiang Fu (Cyperus rotundus L) enters the liver, spleen and triple warmer meridians, and has qi stagnation-remov- ing, qi circulation-promoting, menstruation-regulating and pain-relieving effects. Besides, it can improve ovarian function, and has hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and neuroprotective actions. Objectives: To study the biflavone constituents in Cyperus rotundus L and to investigate the effect and mechanism of amen- toflavone on inhibition of uterine tumors. Modern chromatographic techniques were applied for isolation and purification of compounds, which were then structurally elucidated based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Methods: Female SD rats were injected with diethylstilbestrol and progesterone to establish the pathological model of uterine fibroids. The rats were then randomly divided into amentoflavone high-, medium- and low-dose groups, mifepristone group, model group and blank control group (n=10 in each group), and these administered for six consecutive weeks. 24 h after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed, changes in uterine coefficient were observed, and morphological features of apoptotic cells in uterine smooth muscle tissues were detected. Afterwards, serum estradiol and progesterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, as well as NOS level in uterine fibroid tissue homogenates. Pro- and anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by immunohistochemical assay. Results: Four biflavone constituents were isolated and obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Cyperus Rotundus a Potential Medicinal Plant
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 7 Version. 2 (July 2016), PP. 32-48 A review on Cyperus rotundus A potential medicinal plant Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq Abstract:- Many previous studies showed Cyperus rotundus contained flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, furochromones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, starch, carbohydrates, protein, separated amino acids and many other secondary metabolites. The previous works also showed that the plant exerted antiparasitic, insecticidal, repellent, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, central nervous, neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, hypolipidemic, weight control, antiplatelet, gastrointestinal, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-dysmenorrhea, dermatological and many other effects. This review was designed to highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cyperus rotundus. Keywords:- pharmacology, pharmacognosy, medicinal plants, constituents, Cyperus rotundus I. INTRODUCTION Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known to mankind. It was the mainstay of many early civilizations and still the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world today[1]. WHO has estimated that perhaps 80% of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. In the developed countries, in the USA, for example, 25% of all prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies from 1959 to 1980 contained plant extracts or active principles prepared from higher plants[2]. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which were constituted an important source of many pharmaceutical drugs[3]. Many previous reviews revealed the wide range of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of medicinal plants[4-45].
    [Show full text]
  • Nutsedge (Cyperus Spp.) Eradiation: Impossible Dream?
    NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS SPP.) ERADIATION: IMPOSSIBLE DREAM? TED M. WEBSTER Ted M. Webster is a Research Agronomist, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793; telephone: 229.386.3363; email: [email protected] Webster T.M. 2003. Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) eradiation: impossible dream? In: Riley L.E., Dumroese R.K., Landis T.D., technical coordinators. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations—2002. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-28: 21–25. Available at: http://www.fcnanet.org/proceedings/2002/webster.pdf Abstract The elimination of methyl bromide use will affect a broad range of crops, from vegetables to cut flowers to pine seedlings. In many plant production scenarios, once methyl bromide applications have ceased, nutsedges have become significant problems due to their tolerance of many herbicides and their prolific production of energy-rich tubers. Instead of independently researching nutsedge management in each of these diverse crops, sharing knowledge concerning nutsedge biology, ecology and management may allow us to efficiently find viable solutions to this problem. This paper is a brief review of some of the knowledge of purple and yellow nutsedge biology, ecology, and management in agronomic and vegetable crops. Key Words Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, noxious weeds NUTSEDGE IMPORTANCE AND DISTRIBUTION survey competed by county extension agents in Georgia ranked the nutsedges among the top 5 most The Cyperaceae or Sedge family consists of 17 troublesome weeds in corn, cotton, peanut, and different genera in the Southeast US (Radford and soybean, and the most troublesome weeds of tobacco others 1968).
    [Show full text]
  • (Cyperus Esculentus and C. Rotundus ) on Eggplant Yield
    Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 117:4-7. 2004. IMPACT OF MIXED POPULATIONS OF YELLOW AND PURPLE NUTSEDGES (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS AND C. ROTUNDUS) ON EGGPLANT YIELD J. PABLO MORALES-PAYAN1 AND WILLIAM M. STALL Because nutsedges reproduce primarily by tubers, grow- University of Florida ers can readily estimate near-future nutsedge densities in a Horticultural Sciences Department field (and the percentage of yellow and purple nutsedges in P.O. Box 110690 the total density) by sampling the soil prior to planting. If Gainesville, FL 32611 crop yield were influenced by the percentage of one nutsedge species in the mixed stand, growers could make proper deci- Additional index words. Cyperus rotundus, Solanum melongena, sions regarding nutsedge management based on their assess- weed interference, yield loss ment of the expected composition of the nutsedge population. The effects of pure yellow nutsedge stands and Abstract. The effects of mixed populations of purple and yellow mixed stands of yellow and purple nutsedges on eggplant nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus L. and C. esculentus L.) on the yield have not been documented. The objective of this re- growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were search was to determine the extent of eggplant yield loss studied in field experiments conducted in Florida. Tubers of caused by season-long interference of pure and mixed stands purple and yellow nutsedges were planted onto the eggplant of yellow and purple nutsedges. soil beds at a fixed density of 60 plants/m2 and were allowed to grow alongside the crop season-long. The percentages of yel- Materials and Methods low nutsedge:purple nutsedge in the mixed stands were 0:100 (pure purple nutsedge stand), 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 Field research was conducted in April-June 2003 at the (pure yellow nutsedge stand).
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cyperus Rotundus Linn
    Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2015 Vol. 4 (4) October-December, pp.35-41/Cheema Review Article A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS LINN *Paramjeet Cheema IAS & Allied Services Training Centre, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India *Author for Correspondence ABSTACT Cyperus rotundus, a noxious weed all over the world falls in least concerned category in red list. It is used as food, fodder, medicine, insect repellant, molluscicide, etc. It exhibits lot of chromosomal and morphological variations. Recent studies highlight its allelopathic effect, pharmaceutical or therapeutic uses, insecticidal potential, bioethanol yield, etc. It can be cheaper substitute for endangered medicinal plant Aconitum heterophyllum. Its nanoparticles are helpful in reducing toxicity to the environment. This communication is an attempt to integrate all the information available on C. rotundus which may help academicians, agronomists, environmentalists, biological scientists and researchers to explore the potential of this commonly growing weed. Keywords: Cyperus Rotundus INTRODUCTION Family Cyperaceae to which belong Cyperus rotundus is one of the largest and widely distributed families of the monocots represented throughout the world by about 4000 species (Santapau and Henry, 1973). Cyperus Linn. with 1468 species world over is the second largest genus after Carex Linn. It is represented by 104 species in India. C. rotundus is a global species found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. It is native to India, but it has been introduced around the World (Holm et al., 1977). It is present in 92 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition of Crude Extract of the Tubers of Cyperus Articulatus L
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 8, Issue 7, July-2017 ISSN 2229-5518 1575 Chemical Composition of crude extract of the tubers of Cyperus articulatus L. From Meru in Kenya By Karambu E. Muriithi, Jacob O. Midiwo, John M. Wanjohi, Mbaabu P. Mathiu, Stephen G. Kiama Abstract. The root tubers of Cyperus articulatus were collected from Meru in Kenya and extracted with organic solvents (CH2Cl2, 50%CH2Cl2 in CH3OH, 5% H2O in CH3OH). The crude extract of 100% CH2Cl2 was subjected to a combination of chromatographic techniques including column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography for the isolation of compounds. The fractions obtained during the isolation were each subjected to GC/MS analysis. The GC- MS analysis was carried out at Surrey University (U.K.) in order to determine the structures of the compounds. A total of 59 compounds were identified, of which 48 (82.76%) were terpenes. Amongst the terpenes were 27 sesquiterpenes (45.76%), 20 monoterpenes (33.90%) 1 triterpene (1.69%) and there were 11 non-terpenes (18.64 %). The major sesquiterpene identified was α cubenene. The column chromatography method of isolation failed to produce any pure compound, this was attributed to the large number of monoterpenes present in the extract which are known to appear in complex mixtures too similar to isolate. Key Words Cyperus articulatus, Cyperaceae, caryophyllene oxide, essential oil composition, α-pinene, mustakone. Introduction Class Liliopsida –Monocotyledons Family Cyperaceae (Cyperaceae-Sedge Family) Subclass Commelinidae The plants in this family grow in wet areas along Order Cyperales Family Cyperaceae – Sedge family rivers, ponds or swamps.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Among Geographically Separated Cyperus Rotundus Accessions Based on RAPD Markers and Morphological Characteristics
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019, 10, 2034-2046 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 Genetic Diversity among Geographically Separated Cyperus rotundus Accessions Based on RAPD Markers and Morphological Characteristics William T. Molin1*, Richard R. Kronfol2, Jeffery D. Ray3, Brian E. Scheffler4, Charles T. Bryson1 1Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA 2Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA 3Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA 4Genetics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA How to cite this paper: Molin, W.T., Abstract Kronfol, R.R., Ray, J.D., Scheffler, B.E. and Bryson, C.T. (2019) Genetic Diversity The diversity of globally distributed populations of purple nutsedge was as- among Geographically Separated Cyperus sessed using molecular marker data and morphological traits. Cluster analysis rotundus Accessions Based on RAPD of binary random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data and morpho- Markers and Morphological Characteris- logical traits indicated that the global population of purple nutsedge consisted tics. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10, 2034-2046. of two clades. Cluster analysis of the RAPD data supported separation of the https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.1011143 purple nutsedge accessions evaluated into two distinct clades of 11 and 33 ac- cessions. Except for accessions identified as California* and Arizona, all USA Received: October 8, 2019 accessions were clustered with accessions from Taiwan, Western Samoa, New Accepted: November 18, 2019 Published: November 21, 2019 Zealand, Malaysia, Japan, El Salvador, Columbia, Australia, Thailand and West Indies. A second cluster included accessions from Sudan, Greece, Iran, Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and California*, Arizona, Brazil, Argentina, Mauritius, Philippines, Indonesia and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyperus Rotundus Extract Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activity From
    Life Sciences 80 (2007) 2389–2392 www.elsevier.com/locate/lifescie Cyperus rotundus extract inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity from animal and plants as well as inhibits germination and seedling growth in wheat and tomato ⁎ Rashmi Sharma, Rajendra Gupta Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India Received 1 November 2006; accepted 26 January 2007 Abstract Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) is the world's worst invasive weed through tubers. Its success in dominating natural habitats depends on its ability to prevent herbivory, and to kill or suppress other plants growing in its vicinity. The present study was done to investigate whether chemicals in nutgrass target neuronal and non-neuronal acetylcholinesterases to affect surrounding animals and plants respectively. Methanolic extract of tubers of nutgrass strongly inhibited activity of AChE from electric eel, wheat and tomato. It also inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in wheat and tomato. Our results suggest that inhibitor of AChE in nutgrass possibly acts as agent of plant's war against (a) herbivore animals, and (b) other plants trying to grow in the same habitat. An antiAChE from nutgrass has been purified by employing chromatography and crystallization. The structural determination of the purified inhibitor is in progress. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Allelopathy; Anticholinesterases; Cyperus rotundus; Nutgrass; Tomato; Wheat Introduction investigation into the involvement of phytochemicals, as well as neuronal and non-neuronal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Acetylcholine (ACh) is a universal cell molecule in all plants mechanism of invasive success of a plant. We have probed Cy- and animals and is used in neuronal as well as non-neuronal perus rotundus (nutgrass), a weed in over 90 countries and signaling (Wessler et al., 2001).
    [Show full text]