Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 922-928

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.101

Yield Gap Analysis of Rapeseed-Mustard through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in of ,

R. P. Prasad1*, R. K. Mandal1, Brajesh Shahi2 and Barun1

1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BhagwanpurHat, Siwan, (Bihar)-841408, India 2Nadal Officer KVKs (Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, samastipur (Bihar) 848125, India

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out at KVK, Bhagwanpur Hat Siwan Bihar to know K e yw or ds the yield gaps between improved package and practices (IP) under Cluster Font Line Demonstrations (CFLDs) and farmers practices (FP) of rapeseed mustard. Rapeseed –Mustard The study found, the yield of rapeseed mustard in IP under irrigated condition CFLDs, range from 9.5 to14 ,where as in FP it range between7.5 to 9.5q/ha. The percent

Technological gap, increase in yield IP over FP was recorded in the range of 26.67to 55.56.The Extension gap,Technological extension gap and technological index were range between2.00-5.0 q/ha and gap,B:C:R 54.76percent respectively. The trend of technological gap reflected to farmer cooperation in carrying out demonstrations with on ranging result in subsequent Article Info years. The cost benefit ratio was 2.52 and 2.77under demonstration, while it

Accepted: was2.09 to 2.35under control plots. By conducting Cluster Front Line 05 April 2020 Demonstrations (CFLDs) of proven technologies, yield potential of rapeseed- Available Online: mustard crop should be enhanced to a great extend with increase in the income 10 May 2020 level of farming community.

Introduction Production: Nine Oilseeds: Rapeseed & Mustard: Bihar data was reported at 0.100 In India, the mustard - rapeseed is the most Ton mn in Mar 2017. important oil seed crop after groundnut accounting around 25 per cent of total oilseed This records an increase from the previous production. It is one of the important oilseed number of 0.090 Ton mn for Mar 2016. crop of the Indo-Gangetic plains. Indian India’s Agricultural Production: Nine mustard (Rai) cultivation has occupied about Oilseeds: Rapeseed & Mustard: Bihar data is 85-90 per cent of total area under cultivation updated yearly, averaging 0.090 Ton mn from of mustard - rapeseed. India’s Agricultural Mar 2002 to 2017, with 16 observations. The 922

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data reached an all-time high of 0.110 Ton mn Before conducting CFLD a list of farmers was in 2014 and a record low of 0.060 Ton mn in prepared from group meeting and specific 2003. India’s Agricultural Production: Nine skill training was impaired to the selected Oilseeds: Rapeseed & Mustard. Besides, the farmers regarding different aspect of utilities of oil obtained from mustard- cultivation etc., were followed as suggested rapeseed, the seeds, sprouts, leaves, tender by Chaudhary.1999 and Venkatta Kumar et plants are also useful to human health, when al., 2010. Materials for present study with they are consumed as spices and vegetables. respect to CFLDs and farmers practices has They contain selenium, calcium, magnesium, been given in Table No-1. In case of local iron, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, check plots, existing practices being used by manganese, etc. farmers were followed. In general soil of area under study are sandy loam and medium Several biotic-abiotic and socio- economic fertility status. constraints inhibits exploitation of the yield potential and these need to be addressed. In demonstration plots use quality seed of Siwan district has the sizeable area under improved variety, timely weeding, need based mustard cultivation but the productivity level application of pesticides used of balance is very low. The seasons for low productivity fertilizers (using micro nutrient sulphur)and about newly released crop production use of suitable fungicides is Bavistin 35%WP technologies and their management practices for seed treatment as suggest by in the farmers fields. Chattopadhyay et al., (2003)was used as technical interventions. Keeping the above point in view, the CFLDs on rapeseed-mustard using production For the controlling of aphid (Lipaphids improved technologies was conducted with crrysimi) Diamethoate 30 EC was used in the objective of showing the productive demonstrated plots given in package and potential of the new production technologies practices for the Zone I ,Bihar region were under actual farm situation. emphasized and comparison has been made with the existing practices. Materials and Methods Visits of farmers, the district agriculture line The present study was carried out the department and extension functionaries was KrishiVigyan Kendra, Bhagwanpur Hat, organized at demonstration plots to Siwan, Bihar during rabi season from 2015- disseminate the massage at large scale. The 2016 to 2018-19 (Four consecutive years) in demonstrated farmers were facilities by KVK the farmers field in twelve adopted village scientists in performing field operation like viz. Rampur kothi, Mahamadpur, Saripatti, sowing, spraying, weeding, harvesting etc. Bhikhampur, Bhopatpur, Nagauli, Sondhani, during the course of training and visits. Arua, Barkagaw, SihautaBangra and Chorauli of Siwan district of Bihar. The necessary steps for selection of site and farmers layout of demonstrations etc., were During the four year of study, an area of followed as suggested by Chaudhary (1999). covered 0.4 ha.(one acre) under Cluster Front traditional practices were mentioned in case Line Demonstration (CFLD) with active of local checks. The data outputs were participation of farmers of different villages collected from both FLD plots as well as were conducted. control plots (farmers practices) and finally

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the extension gap, technology gap, technology results indicated that the Front line index along with the benefit cast ratio(B:C:R) demonstrations has given a good impact on worked out (Sanui et al., 2000)as given the farming community of this district as they below: were motivated by the improved agricultural technologies used in the Front line Technology gap = Potential Yield- demonstrations. Demonstration Yield The result clearly indicates the positive effect Extension gap = demonstration Yield – of CFLDs over the existing practices toward Farmers yield in enhancing the yield of rapeseed- mustard in Siwan area, with its positive effect on yield attribute (Table 3). Benefit Cost ratio was recorded higher under demonstration against

control of all the year of study. These results were also supported by Singh et al., (2008), Results and Discussion who found that the improvement technologies The result of 399 Cluster Front Line of mustard crop have significant effect in Demonstrations (CFLDs) conduct during higher productivity of mustard. 2015-16 to 2018-19 in 110ha area. On farmers field twelve village of Siwan district The findings revealed that a gap exists indicated that the cultivation practices between the actual farmer’s yield and comprised under-CFLD viz- used of realizable yield potential of the variety. Use improved variety (RajendraSuflam), line of improved variety carry potential to enhance sowing, balance used of fertilizers, sulphur, the present level of mustard productivity weedicide, and control of mustard aphid which is not percolating down at desired pace through insecticides at economic threshold due to lack of confidence among the farmers. level, production on an average 40.34% more Hence, to exploit the potential of improved yield of mustard as compared to local production and protection technologies efforts practises(12.10 q/ha). The data of table through CFLDs ought to be increased 2.revwal that the yield of rapeseed- mustard awareness among the farmers. fluctuated successively over the field of demonstrated plots. The extension gap showed an increasing trend. Theextension gap ranging between The maximum yield was recorded 14.00q/ha 2.00-5.0 q/ha during the study period over local practices (7.5q/ha). The increase in emphasizes the need to educate the farmers percentage of yield was range between through various means for adoption of 26.67% to 55.56% during four year study.The improved agricultural technologies to reverse similar results of yield enhancement in the trend. The trend of technology gap rapeseed crop in front line demonstrations has (ranging between 7.0 to 11.5 q/ha) reflects the been documented by Mitra and Samajdar farmers cooperation in carrying out such (2010), in tarai zone of west Bengal. demonstrations with encouraging results in subsequent years. The results are also in conformity with the findings of Tiwari and Saxena (2001), Tiwari The technology gap observed might be et al., (2003) Tomer et al., (2003), Singh et attributing to the dissimilarity in soil fertility al., (2007) and Katare et al., (2011). The status and weather conditions. Mukharjee

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(2003), have also opined that depending on benefit cost ratio of front line demonstrations identification and use of farming situation have been presented in Table 2 clearly ,specific interventions may have greater showed higher BC ratio of recommended implications in enhancing system practices was than control plots i.e. farmers productivity. Similar findings were also practices in all the years of study. The benefit recorded by Mitra et al., (2010). The cost ratio of demonstrated and control plots technology index, showed the feasibility of were 2.74 and 2.33,2.77 and 2.23,2.73 and the evolved technology at the farmer’s field. 2.35, 2.53 and 2.2.09, during 2015-16, 2016- 17,2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. The lower the value of technology index,the more is the feasibility of technology.The Hence, favourable benefit cost ratios proved wider gap in technology index (ranging the economic viability of the interventions between 33.33-54.76%) during the study and convinced the farmers on the utility of period in certain region, may be attributed to interventions. Similar findings were reported the difference in soil fertility status, weather by Sharma(2003) in moth bean and condition, non-availability of irrigations water Gurumukhi and Mishra(2003) in sorghum. and insect- pests attack in the crop. The

Table.1 Comparison between demonstration package and existing farmers practices under Rapeseed - Mustard practices

Particulars Rapeseed-Mustard Demonstration Farmers practices package

Farming situation Irrigated medium land Irrigated medium land Variety RajendraSuflam Local Time of sowing 25 October to Last November 05November to 10 December Method of sowing Line sowing Broad casting Seed rate 5 Kg/ ha. 6-7 Kg/ha.

Fertilizes dose (60kgN,40 kgP2O5,:40kgK2O,30 kg 80 kgN,60kgP2O5 Sulphur and 20kg Boron. Plant protection Need based used of mancozeb 20% Nil. WP for fungal disease and Dimethoate to protect the crop against aphid. Weed management Pendamathilian @0.3 kg a.i/ha pre Two hand weeding at 22 and emergence followed by one hand 35DAS. weeding at 25DAS.

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Table.2 Productivity, technology gaps, extension gaps, technology index and benefit cost ratio of Rapeseed –Mustard (Rajendrasuflam) grown under CFLDs and existing package of practices

Year Area(ha) No.of Grain Yield(Q/ha) % Technology Extension Technology B:C ratio beneficiary increase gap(q/ha) gap(q/ha) index (%) Over Potential FLD Control control FLD Control

2015- 30 144 21 11.2 8.5 31.76 9.8 2.7 46.67 2.74 2.33 16 2016- 30 100 21 14 09 55.56 7.0 5.0 33.33 2.77 2.23 17 2017- 30 85 21 14 9.5 47.36 7.0 4.5 33.33 2.73 2.35 18 2018- 20 70 21 9.5 7.5 26.67 11.5 2.0 54.76