Subject: GENERAL Credits: 4

SYLLABUS

A definition of Psychology

Practical problems, Methods of Psychology, Work of Psychologists, Schools of psychology, Attention & Perception - Conscious clarity, determinants of Attention, Distraction, Sensory deprivation, Perceptual constancies, perception of fundamental physical dimensions, Illusions, Organizational factors of perception.

Principles of learning

Classical conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Principles of reinforcement, Cognitive Learning, Individualized learning, Learner & learning memory - kinds of memory, processes of memory, stages of memory, forgetting. Thinking and language - Thinking process, Concepts.

Intelligence & Motivation

Theories - Measurement of Intelligence; Determinants; Testing for special aptitudes, Motivation - Motives as inferences, Explanations and predictors, Biological motivation, Social motives, Motives to know and to be effective.

Emotions

Physiology of emotion, Expression of emotions, Theories of emotions; Frustration and conflict, Personality - Determinants of Personality, Theories of personality Psychodynamic, Trait, Type, Learning, Behavioural & Self: Measurement of personality

Suggested Readings:

1. Morgan, Clifford. T., King, Richard. A., Weisz, John.R., Schopler, John, Introduction to Psychology, TataMcGraw Hill. 2. Marx, Melvin H. Introduction to psychology - Problems, Procedures & Principles, MacMillan Publishing Co. 3. Rathus, Spencer A. Essentials of Psychology. 4. Kalat, James W. Introduction to psychology, 4th edition, Brooks / Cole Publishing Co. A DEFINITION OF PSYCHOLOGY

STRUCTURE Learning objectives Psychology History Subfields Methods of psychology Criticism Work of psychologists Schools of psychology Attention and perception—conscious clarity Determinants of attention Distraction sensory deprivation Perceptual development Characteristics of perceptual developments Theories of perceptual development Perceptual constancies Perception of fundamental physical dimensions Organizational factors of perception Review questions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the meaning of psychology; Explain the ; Explain the methods of psychology; Understand the attention and perception; Understand the perceptual development; Understand the theories of perceptual development; and Understand the organizational factors of perception.

PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups through both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and through several accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is described a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists explore concepts such as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships flanked by psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a "hub science", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, and the humanities, such as philosophy. While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several different spheres of human activity. T