and meter markings

INITIAL TEMPO MARKINGS = 100 = 150 Moderately fast Very slow q q . 4 6 4 ======Larghissimo& 4 – very, very slow (24 lBPMl 8 and under) ll 4 ll =ll Grave – very slow (25–45 BPM) Lento – slowly (45–50 BPM) Largo – broadly (50–55 BPM) Larghetto – rather broadly (55–60 BPM) Adagio – slow and stately (literally, "at ease") (60–72 BPM) Adagietto – slower than andante (72–80 BPM) Andantino – slightly slower than andante (although in some cases it can be taken to mean slightly faster than andante) (80–84 BPM) Andante – at a walking pace (84–90 BPM) Andante moderato – between andante and moderato (thus the name andante moderato) (90–96 BPM) Marcia moderato – moderately, in the manner of a march[4][5] (83–85 BPM) Moderato – moderately (96–108 BPM) Allegro Moderato - moderately fast (108-112 BPM) Allegretto – close to but not quite allegro (112–120 BPM) Allegro – fast, quickly, and bright (120–144 BPM) (molto allegro is slightly faster than allegro, but always in its range) Vivace – lively and fast (132–144 BPM) Vivacissimo – very fast and lively (144–160 BPM) Allegrissimo (or Allegro Vivace) – very fast (145–167 BPM) Presto – extremely fast (168–200 BPM) Prestissimo – even faster than Presto (200 BPM and over)

======IMMEDIATE& TEMPO CHANGE MARKINGS =l

Much faster Slower = 250 q

======& = (Double time) Doublel ltime feel = (Half time) ll Half time feel =ll h q q h

======& ll ll ll =ll GRADUAL TEMPO CHANGE MARKINGS

To get faster:

accelerando ======& accel. =l

To get slower:

decelerando rallentando ritardando ritenuto ======& decel. l rall. l ritard. l riten. =l rit. simply means to get usually a slow, rolling usually a somewhat usually the fastest slower deceleration, often in the faster slowing down slowing down middle of a piece than rallentando, often at the end of a piece

Any of these marks will usually be followed by a dotted line to indicate how long the acceleration or deceleration occur. For example:

« U »˙ œ» ˆ« «. « « « « ======& ritard.» ------» ------l - - - ˙«------ˆ« ------l- - -ˆ« ------ˆ« - _˙« =l

"" "Grand Pause" Return to the "hold" "railroad tracks" original tempo "bird's eye" "GP" OTHER TERMS AND MARKINGS a tempo Hold indefinitely Pause indefinitely or Tempo 1 rubato U " « « ‰ œ»J Can be used either to « « « » ======& mean "completely out of l ˆ« ˆ« _ˆ« =l tempo" or to mean "played freely over an underlying tempo." METER CHANGE MARKINGS If nothing is written here, the implication is that the note values stay the same.

3 œ» »œ « 4 œ» œ» »œ œ» ======& 4 » » ˆ« ll 4 » » » » =l or you can do it this way: = q q or this way: l'istesso

3 œ» »œ « 4 œ» œ» »œ œ» ======& 4 » » ˆ« ll 4 » » » » =l

Practice conducting these meter changes: new = old often written old = new = = q e e q = = h q q = h = q q . q . q

3 œ» »œ « 4 œ» œ» »œ œ» ======& 4 » » ˆ« ll 4 » » » » =l

Practice conducting these meter changes: new = old often written old = new = = q . q q q . = = q . q . q . q . = = q . h h q . = = q . h . h . q . = = e q q e = = e q . q . e = = e h h e 6 ======& ll 8 =l Note: whether you use the new = old or the old = new approach, it's important that the "new" note value represent the actual beat used for conducting. For example, when shifting to 6/8 time, the new value should be a dotted quarter (or, if the tempo is slower, an ).