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Hip-Hop's Diversity and Misperceptions
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College Summer 8-2020 Hip-Hop's Diversity and Misperceptions Andrew Cashman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Music Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HIP-HOP’S DIVERSITY AND MISPERCEPTIONS by Andrew Cashman A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology) The Honors College University of Maine August 2020 Advisory Committee: Joline Blais, Associate Professor of New Media, Advisor Kreg Ettenger, Associate Professor of Anthropology Christine Beitl, Associate Professor of Anthropology Sharon Tisher, Lecturer, School of Economics and Honors Stuart Marrs, Professor of Music 2020 Andrew Cashman All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The misperception that hip-hop is a single entity that glorifies wealth and the selling of drugs, and promotes misogynistic attitudes towards women, as well as advocating gang violence is one that supports a mainstream perspective towards the marginalized.1 The prevalence of drug dealing and drug use is not a picture of inherent actions of members in the hip-hop community, but a reflection of economic opportunities that those in poverty see as a means towards living well. Some artists may glorify that, but other artists either decry it or offer it as a tragic reality. In hip-hop trends build off of music and music builds off of trends in a cyclical manner. -
“Rapper's Delight”
1 “Rapper’s Delight” From Genre-less to New Genre I was approached in ’77. A gentleman walked up to me and said, “We can put what you’re doing on a record.” I would have to admit that I was blind. I didn’t think that somebody else would want to hear a record re-recorded onto another record with talking on it. I didn’t think it would reach the masses like that. I didn’t see it. I knew of all the crews that had any sort of juice and power, or that was drawing crowds. So here it is two years later and I hear, “To the hip-hop, to the bang to the boogie,” and it’s not Bam, Herc, Breakout, AJ. Who is this?1 DJ Grandmaster Flash I did not think it was conceivable that there would be such thing as a hip-hop record. I could not see it. I’m like, record? Fuck, how you gon’ put hip-hop onto a record? ’Cause it was a whole gig, you know? How you gon’ put three hours on a record? Bam! They made “Rapper’s Delight.” And the ironic twist is not how long that record was, but how short it was. I’m thinking, “Man, they cut that shit down to fifteen minutes?” It was a miracle.2 MC Chuck D [“Rapper’s Delight”] is a disco record with rapping on it. So we could do that. We were trying to make a buck.3 Richard Taninbaum (percussion) As early as May of 1979, Billboard magazine noted the growing popularity of “rapping DJs” performing live for clubgoers at New York City’s black discos.4 But it was not until September of the same year that the trend gar- nered widespread attention, with the release of the Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight,” a fifteen-minute track powered by humorous party rhymes and a relentlessly funky bass line that took the country by storm and introduced a national audience to rap. -
1 "Disco Madness: Walter Gibbons and the Legacy of Turntablism and Remixology" Tim Lawrence Journal of Popular Music S
"Disco Madness: Walter Gibbons and the Legacy of Turntablism and Remixology" Tim Lawrence Journal of Popular Music Studies, 20, 3, 2008, 276-329 This story begins with a skinny white DJ mixing between the breaks of obscure Motown records with the ambidextrous intensity of an octopus on speed. It closes with the same man, debilitated and virtually blind, fumbling for gospel records as he spins up eternal hope in a fading dusk. In between Walter Gibbons worked as a cutting-edge discotheque DJ and remixer who, thanks to his pioneering reel-to-reel edits and contribution to the development of the twelve-inch single, revealed the immanent synergy that ran between the dance floor, the DJ booth and the recording studio. Gibbons started to mix between the breaks of disco and funk records around the same time DJ Kool Herc began to test the technique in the Bronx, and the disco spinner was as technically precise as Grandmaster Flash, even if the spinners directed their deft handiwork to differing ends. It would make sense, then, for Gibbons to be considered alongside these and other towering figures in the pantheon of turntablism, but he died in virtual anonymity in 1994, and his groundbreaking contribution to the intersecting arts of DJing and remixology has yet to register beyond disco aficionados.1 There is nothing mysterious about Gibbons's low profile. First, he operated in a culture that has been ridiculed and reviled since the "disco sucks" backlash peaked with the symbolic detonation of 40,000 disco records in the summer of 1979. -
Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: an Analysis Into Graphic Design's
Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: An Analysis into Graphic Design’s Effectiveness at Conveying Music Genres by Vivian Le A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Accounting and Business Information Systems (Honors Scholar) Presented May 29, 2020 Commencement June 2020 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Vivian Le for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Accounting and Business Information Systems presented on May 29, 2020. Title: Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: An Analysis into Graphic Design’s Effectiveness at Conveying Music Genres. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay The rise of digital streaming has largely impacted the way the average listener consumes music. Consequentially, while the role of album art has evolved to meet the changes in music technology, it is hard to measure the effect of digital streaming on modern album art. This research seeks to determine whether or not graphic design still plays a role in marketing information about the music, such as its genre, to the consumer. It does so through two studies: 1. A computer visual analysis that measures color dominance of an image, and 2. A mixed-design lab experiment with volunteer participants who attempt to assess the genre of a given album. Findings from the first study show that color scheme models created from album samples cannot be used to predict the genre of an album. Further findings from the second theory show that consumers pay a significant amount of attention to album covers, enough to be able to correctly assess the genre of an album most of the time. -
FURTHERING the DRUM'n'bass RACE: a Treatise on Loop
FURTHERING THE DRUM'N'BASS RACE: A Treatise on Loop Development By Cape Canaveral e-mail: [email protected] Version 1.2 September 1999 Updated versions will be found at www.spinwarp.com or www.lanset.com/shansen. All statements are IMHO. Forward: So, you'd like to make some beats? Want them to sound like 'real' beats, not the lame beats you've been making? Maybe you've read some tips in 'Keyboard' or 'Future Music' and are wondering why they haven't helped. At all. Well, we've all been there. But now, I'm going to tell you how beats are really made. This is the stuff those posers at the magazines don't even know, and the pros don't want you to. But I say forget secrets: let the music stand on its own merit, not on some simple tricks! In this article I will cover two ways of making drum loops, with extra information for jungle programming. But that is information all drum programmers need as well, as it is vital to how your new beats will sound and feel. Before You Begin: If you are no good at music-making at all, or are completely new to this, this article won't make you the Chemical Brothers (well, a Chemical Brother... er, whatever). But if you're OK at making beats, here are some basic and not-so-basic tips for you try, or at least be familiar with: 1. When you sample off a record, or even any other source, you may want to add to the sound without changing it a lot. -
University of Birmingham from Microsound to Vaporwave
University of Birmingham From Microsound to Vaporwave Born, Georgina; Haworth, Christopher DOI: 10.1093/ml/gcx095 Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Born, G & Haworth, C 2018, 'From Microsound to Vaporwave: internet-mediated musics, online methods, and genre', Music and Letters, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 601–647. https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcx095 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility: 30/03/2017 This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Music and Letters following peer review. The version of record Georgina Born, Christopher Haworth; From Microsound to Vaporwave: Internet-Mediated Musics, Online Methods, and Genre, Music and Letters, Volume 98, Issue 4, 1 November 2017, Pages 601–647 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcx095 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. -
Overview Breakbeat Classification Evaluation Breakbeat Resequencing
Computational strategies for breakbeat classification and resequencing in Hardcore, Jungle and Drum & Bass Jason A. Hockman, Birmingham City Unversity, United Kingdom [email protected] Matthew E. P. Davies, INESC TEC, Portugal [email protected] Overview HJDB Breakbeats are short segments of percussion solos sampled from jazz and Audio funk recordings of the 1960s–80s that form an integral part of the dance Perc u ss io n Downb ea t music genres of hardcore, jungle and drum & bass (HJDB) Se p ara tio n Det ec t io n Breakbeat Resequencing Producers of HJDB subject these breakbeats to substantial processing Drum Analysis Breakbeat Detection including time-stretching, pitch-shifting, and re-ordering for creative effect Arrangement Breakb ea t Fea t u r e Fea t u r e Cl ass ifi ca t ion Our goal is first to automatically identify which breakbeat has been sampled Redu c t io n and then to discover how it was re-ordered, towards automatic resequencing Extraction Input waveform Breakbeat classification 1 e 0.5 We explore two approaches: 0 0.5 • multi-breakbeat classification: choosing between a set of 3 well-known breakbeats Amplitud 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Amen Apache Funky Mule , , and Bass and snare onset detection functions 100 e • binary classification: determining the presence of a single breakbeat (e.g., Amen ) 50 For both approaches we first identify the locations of bass drum events using methods Amplitud 0 from [1,2] and then extract a set of spectral bass drum features (B) and timbral 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ) Spectral features at detected bass drum onsets features MFCCs (M) and perform dimensionality reduction using PCA. -
0 Musical Borrowing in Hip-Hop
MUSICAL BORROWING IN HIP-HOP MUSIC: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND CASE STUDIES Justin A. Williams, BA, MMus Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2009 0 Musical Borrowing in Hip-hop Music: Theoretical Frameworks and Case Studies Justin A. Williams ABSTRACT ‗Musical Borrowing in Hip-hop‘ begins with a crucial premise: the hip-hop world, as an imagined community, regards unconcealed intertextuality as integral to the production and reception of its artistic culture. In other words, borrowing, in its multidimensional forms and manifestations, is central to the aesthetics of hip-hop. This study of borrowing in hip-hop music, which transcends narrow discourses on ‗sampling‘ (digital sampling), illustrates the variety of ways that one can borrow from a source text or trope, and ways that audiences identify and respond to these practices. Another function of this thesis is to initiate a more nuanced discourse in hip-hop studies, to allow for the number of intertextual avenues travelled within hip-hop recordings, and to present academic frameworks with which to study them. The following five chapters provide case studies that prove that musical borrowing, part and parcel of hip-hop aesthetics, occurs on multiple planes and within myriad dimensions. These case studies include borrowing from the internal past of the genre (Ch. 1), the use of jazz and its reception as an ‗art music‘ within hip-hop (Ch. 2), borrowing and mixing intended for listening spaces such as the automobile (Ch. 3), sampling the voice of rap artists posthumously (Ch. 4), and sampling and borrowing as lineage within the gangsta rap subgenre (Ch. -
Tell Carl Craig Techno Isn't About Raw Fucking Attitude and He'll Tell You to Shut up and Listen
104 TELLdetroit CARLrising carl craig CRAIG TECHNO ISN’T ABOUT RAW FUCKING ATTITUDE AND HE’LL TELL YOU TO SHUT UP AND LISTEN. interview TEMPE NAKISKA The game-changing second generation Detroit producer is one the most influential names in techno and a fierce advocate for his city, from his essential role in founding the Detroit Electronic Music Festival to his latest project, Detroit Love, a touring DJ collective of some of the biggest talents in the field, old school to new. Craig grew up absorbing the odyssey of sounds that formed legendary UK. There he got acquainted with the industrial sonic experiments radio DJ The Electrifying Mojo’s show from 1977 to the mid-80s. of Throbbing Gristle and UK rave music’s singular take on the From Jimi Hendrix to floppy haired soft rocker Peter Frampton, breakbeat – a clinical, on-edge combustion that would heavily Depeche Mode synth pop to Talking Heads new wave, and ruthless influence Craig’s own sound. Returning to the US he started his dancefloor belters from Parliament, Prince and Funkadelic, Mojo own label, Planet E, and unleashed himself on the world. Drawing scratched out notions of genre or ‘black’ and ‘white’ music to serve from jazz, hip hop and world music, he violently shook up what his up pure soul. forebears had started. You want techno? Hear this. Attending his earliest gigs underage, Craig helped his cousin 2016 marks 25 years of Planet E, through which Craig has on lights. It was there, deep in Detroit’s 80s underground, that he cruised to the earth-ends of his influences, via aliases including first-hand witnessed the music of the Belleville Three. -
{PDF} Goldie Ebook, Epub
GOLDIE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Ellen Miles | 78 pages | 15 Oct 2006 | Scholastic US | 9780439793797 | English | New York, United States Goldie PDF Book Student, 20, is found dead in his halls at Coventry University eight days after Cambridge academic's Putnam's Sons. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Goldie Hawn's son Oliver Hudson gets fans talking with latest photo of family home. Retrieved July 28, Retrieved August 31, His first studio album, Timeless , followed in Leo Freedman was born in London and raised in Canada, but his love affair with Southern California led him to invest his time and attention to the Arts scene in Orange County. We are all as perfect as we desire. In , he bought a country house in Bovingdon , Hertfordshire. Best Cast. Out and about: Goldie Hawn was focused on her fitness as she pedaled around the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles on Sunday afternoon. BBC Press Office. For a time, Goldie worked at the Try 1 shop in Walsall also selling gold teeth , then moved to London. Bill Hudson. Motion Pictures [78]. Listen to all your favourite artists on any device for free or try the Premium trial. Archived from the original on June 15, Just Eat - Takeaway deals. Even I don't know the rules: Police officer in charge of enforcing UK's coronavirus lockdown laws makes Retrieved 26 April The year-old actress rocked an all-black ensemble while soaking up the sun as she traveled around town on two wheels. On 24 August , he appeared in the Channel 4 documentary Idris Elba's How Clubbing Changed the World hosted by Idris Elba to explain how he invented the revolutionary technique of time stretching by misusing an HF ultra-harmonizer, which is usually used for guitars. -
394 GLOSSARY Acid Jazz Late 1980S and 1990S
GLOSSARY Acid Jazz Late 1980s and 1990s trend where “London fashion victims created their own early seventies-infatuated bohemia by copying jazz-funk records of the era note by note.”1 Associated with DJ Giles Peterson, acid jazz combined jazz and funk influence with electronica to produce a “danceable” version of jazz. Some of the most prominent British artists associated with acid jazz include are the band 4Hero, producer Ronny Jordan, and the James Taylor Quartet (the last of which at one point included Nitin Sawhney.) Ambient Music intended to create a particular atmosphere. Brian Eno, considered a pioneer of the genre, notes, “One of the most important differences between ambient music and nearly any other kind of pop music is that it doesn’t have a narrative structure at all, there are no words, and there isn’t an attempt to make a story of some kind.”2 Ambient music often substitutes distinct melodies and rhythmic patterns for a wash of sound. Some prominent British artists during the 1990s include The Orb, KLF, Mixmaster Morris and Aphex Twin. Bhangra Bhangra originated as a male folk dance in Punjab to accompany the harvest festival, Baisakhi. It is still performed as a folk dance and may be identified by its characteristic swinging rhythm played on the dhol and dholki, double-sided barrel drums. From the late 1970s onwards, Punjabi immigrants in Britain began to fuse with electronic dance styles including house music and later hip-hop.3 These styles produced a distinct genre of music that was recognized as one of the first prominent examples of British Asian youth culture. -
Dance Music Simon Halstead
After Techno and Rave: Status and Validity in Post- Dance Music by Simon Halstead Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Music and Sound Recording University of Surrey July 2009 © Simon Halstead 2009 ProQuest Number: 27558661 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 27558661 Published by ProQuest LLO (2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. ProQuest LLO. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.Q. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This dissertation explores the idea of electronica as a descendent of electronic dance music, which, although embodying many related aesthetic qualities, operates within a different set of musical values. This needs to be understood in the context of how dance music's character, form and modes of performance relate to its specific cultural function. Repetitive beats (as espoused by house and techno in particular) comprise part of the cultural experience of rave. In combination with drug technologies and an ethos of collectivity, rave encapsulates a set of political phenomena that are entrenched within the formal and textural priorities of dance music. I discuss how modes of reception are affected by changes in these priorities, and to what extent post-dance music neglects the physicality that defines the political dimension of dance music's relationship to the body.