•••dir. f. cL Aini. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and an e-monograph of the papaya family (Caricaceae) as an example of taxonomy in the electronic age
Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakultat fur Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universitat Miinchen
vorgelegt von Fernanda Antunes Carvalho aus Brasilien
Miinchen, Dezember 2013
http://d-nb.info/1050671031 CONTENTS
STATUTORY DECLARATION AND STATEMENT VII
Eidesstattliche Erklarung VII
Erklarung VII
Declaration of contribution VIII
List of publications VIII
Oral presentations IX
Herbaria visited IX
Field work IX
Funding X
SUMMARY XI
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
The problem of synonyms and the importance of taxonomic monographs 2
Brassicales and the Caricaceae 4
Distribution and diversity of Caricaceae 5
Morphology, pollination, sexual systems, and chromosomes 5
Taxonomic history and previous molecular studies on Caricaceae 7
The main geological and climate events related to Caricaceae biogeography 8
Research questions and aims 9
II. TAXONOMY IN THE ELECTRONIC AGE: AN E-MONOGRAPH OF THE PAPAYA FAMILY (CARICACEAE) AS A FIRST EXAMPLE 11
III. CORRECT NAMES FOR SOME OF THE CLOSEST RELATIVES OF CARICA PAPAYA: A REVIEW OF THE MEXICAN/GUATEMALAN GENERA JARILLA AND HOROVITZIA 25
IV. A DATED PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPAYA FAMILY (CARICACEAE) REVEALS THE CROP'S CLOSEST RELATIVES AND THE FAMILY'S BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 39
V. CHROMOSOME COUNTS FOR THE CARICACEAE REVEAL UNEXPECTED DYSPLOIDY 59
VI. GENERAL DISCUSSION 70
Taxonomy in the electronic age and an e-monograph of Caricaceae 70
XIII Phylogenetic relationships within Caricaceae 72
Historical biogeography and the importance of habitat diversity in the evolution of Caricaceae 73
The African clade (Cylicomorpha) 74
The Central American clade 75
The mostly South American clade Vasconcellea/Jacaratia 77
Evolution of chromosome numbers in the Caricaceae 80
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 81
References 84
Appendix 91
Acknowledgments 106
Curriculum vitae 107
XIV