West Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 539 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b,

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 19 Jan 2017 RM 20 Apr 2007 VD 14 Jul 2000 HMW 20 Mar 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3099, 595, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43300 35950

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington West Yorks Lotherton cum Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Documentary - Evidence Conjectural Evidence -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 539 Page 1 of 506 Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Line of Roman Road 28b. Adjacent to fields marked on early 19th c. maps as Street Field and Street Close; known locally as the Roman Ridge. Course follows the line of the modern road, which is raised between 1.0 m. and 3.0 m. above the surrounding ground level. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Street Close/Field straet Roman Ridge hrycg

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Parlington A (1817) no. 3A (WYAS/L/GC/MA 29) Map Lotherton (Sherburn) Tithe Award map (1839), field nos. 41, 42, 43, 44, 46 AP WY 49/29,30 Other WYAS Linear feature file Map Parlington Tithe Award map, field nos. 40, 42

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433636

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 539 Page 2 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 540 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name St Ricarius, Aberford

Compiler Date AGM 23 Nov 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 24 Oct 2013 RM 30 Aug 2007 RM 13 Nov 2006 JD 14 Aug 2006 KK 15 Mar 2002 BY 19 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7303, 7304, 7305, 848, 946

UDP class 1 2 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342225

UDA No. 1313204 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43280 37150

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) CROSS SLAB Pre-Conquest AND FUNERARY RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CHURCH Medieval AND FUNERARY RELIGIOUS RITUAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) CHURCHYARD 18th century AND FUNERARY RELIGIOUS RITUAL Victorian (1837 -1901) CHURCH 1861 AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 540 Page 3 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Architect

Description

St Ricarius¶Church, Aberford consists of a four-bay aisled nave with a west tower and south porch, and a two-bay chancel with south aisle and north organ chamber/vestry; the latter extends the full length of the chancel. With the exception of the tower the entire building is of 1861, by the architect Anthony Salvin. The church has an irregular shaped churchyard (Ryder, 1988).

The tower is square and divided into three approximately equal stages by square-section string- courses with slight set-backs; a chamfered plinth only being exposed on the south side (Ryder, 1988, p. 1). The fabric of the tower is Magnesian limestone, in contrast to the 1861 body of the church which is of grey grit. The embattled parapet of the tower is a late medieval addition and the octagonal spire is probably also late medieval work, although it may have been rebuilt in the early 19th century (Ryder, 1993, p. 135). The body of the church is of 1861 and Ryder believes this replaces an 11th or early 12th century building, which had much herringbone work. The rebuilding of the church in 1861 revealed herringbone masonry similar to that seen at Kippax (PRN 946) and Barwick-in-Elmet (PRN 848). A small 12th-century window and a 13th-century lancet have been reset in the sanctuary walls.

A set of four photographs hanging in the entrance vestibule provide some information on the pre-1861 building. The nave had no south aisle, the lower chancel had a pointed priest¶s door on the south with a lancet to the west and a 15th century three-light window to its east, and there was a large 12th century chancel arch (Ryder, 1988).

At the west end of the south aisle, in what is now the entrance vestibule, are two fragments of Pre- Conquest cross shafts and one of a cross head (PRN 7303, 7304 and 7305) which may suggest a much earlier church on or near the site. There are also a few wall tablets within the church; on the east wall of the north chapel is one dated 1805 and one on the north wall dated 1824. One the east wall of the south chapel are several early 19th century tablets (Ryder, 1988).

The churchyard is now irregular in plan but may originally have been rectangular with the church more or less centrally placed, with a triangular extension to the southwest. Virtually all the monuments are 19th and 20th century. Set against the west wall near the church are a few 18th century headstones and one medieval stone coffin (Ryder, 1988).

The church is the only one in Britiain dedicated to St. Ricarius, St. Richardius or St. Riquier - the church was once known as St. Richard's Church. The saint came from Picardy and was converted by Irish missionaries in the 7th century (Gilleghan, 2001).

English Heritage LBS and Images of Number: 342225 Archaeological significant place name Place name element Chantry Close Chantry Hill

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text P.Ryder, 1988, level 2 report, Aberford parish church Desc.text P.Ryder 1993, Med.churches of W.Yorks' pp.27,30,43,94,135,144,153,165, Desc.text Gilleghan, J. MBE 2001, 'St. Ricarius, Aberford: A Guide' Other published work Taylor, J., & Taylor, H.M., 1964, ' Herringbone Masonry as a Criterian of Date' Journal of British Archetectural Association, vol. 27, p.4-14. Illustration P.Ryder 1993, 'Med.churches of W.Yorks, illus. 33,148-50

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 540 Page 4 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 540 Page 5 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 595 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b, Parlington

Compiler Date RM 07 Sep 2006 VD 14 Jul 2000 HMW 20 Mar 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 539, 596, 2161

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43310 36070

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Conjectural Evidence - Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Probable line of Roman Road 28b. Follows course of modern road? Adjacent to group of 19th c. street names (Street Field.) Milestone PRN 2161 probably found along this stretch. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Street Field straet

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 595 Page 6 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.Lewis, O.S.Field Inspector 11/1963 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Margary, I.D., 1957. Roman Roads in Britain. Desc.text Codrington, T., 1905. Roman Roads in Britain AP WY 49/29,30 Other WYAS Linear feature file Map Lotherton (Sherburn) Tithe Award map (1839), field nos. 39, 40, 180

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433636

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 595 Page 7 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 596 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b, Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 VD 14 Jul 2000 HMW 20 Mar 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 595

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43370 38600

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Conjectural Evidence -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Probable line of Roman Road 28b. Destroyed during construction of dual carriageway.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.Lewis, O.S.Field Inspector 11/1963 ASSESSMENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 596 Page 8 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Other WYAS Linear feature file

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 596 Page 9 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1007 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Linear ditch and pit (cropmarks), Barwick in Elmet

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 29 Sep 2015 RM 23 Nov 2006 RH 03 Dec 2001 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 1010

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40730 36660

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) INDUSTRIAL Uncertain (all truly uncertain EXTRACTIVE PIT Uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1007 Page 10 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks, including a possible rectangular enclosure attached to a long length of ditch visible on aerial photographs taken on 11-07-1984. Field systems also appear aparent adjoining the enclosed area. Many of the cropmarks on the aerial photographs are the result of frost cracking (BY, undated). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a ditch and extractive pit of uncertain date, centred at SE 4075 3664.

They lie amid (and may be a part of) an area of frost-cracking, however they may also be associated with some copmarks of more certain antiquity to the south (PRN 1010) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401284)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401284' AP WY 130/8 Desc.text B.Yarwood 1991, Parlington Estate: Prelim.Archaeol.Assessment

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 06 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1007 Page 11 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1008 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Bell pits northwest of Parlington Hollins, Barwick in Elmet

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 07 Dec 2017 RF 27 Apr 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 26 Oct 2015 JD 02 May 2013 RB 11 Mar 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 23 Nov 2006 JD 12 May 2006 RH 03 Dec 2001 BY 22 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 15301, 1107, 15301

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40650 35370

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Bell pit c. 18th century INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Coal mining site c. 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1008 Page 12 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A compex of earthworks were identified in 1976 by WYAS. At least two groups of bell pits were seen to overlie well preserved ridge and furrow (YAJ, 1977, p9).

Earthworks of several small bellpits with associated drainage earthworks visible on aerial photographs taken on 18-6-1979. Those surveyed in the grass field on the northwest side of Parlington Hollins wood are assumed to represent only the periphery of a far more extensive site now covered by the woodland (BY, 1986).

This assumption is confirmed by LiDAR coverage (LiDAR 1m grid Geomatics 2013) which indicates that in the tree covered area bell pits survive as earthworks in an extended area to east and join with HER 1107, a further area of bell pits (RF, WYAAS, 2017).

......

One or two bellpits are still visible (no date) as ploughed earthworks at the west end of Parlington Hollins and just west of the Barwick road (c. SE 4045 3504). These bellpits are presumed to be remnants of the known activities of the Gascoigne family in the Parlington- area in the 18th - 19th centuries; further useful information may be found in the Gascoigne collection (Leeds City Archives).

British Coal, in their former opencast work just west of here some years ago, reported that they had exposed some of these ealier bellpit (pillar and stall?) workings (BY 1992).

------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage recorded the cropmarks and earthworks of post-medieval coal workings/bell pits and a bank (earthwork) as visible on air photographs taken in 1976 (photo ref: NMR MAL/76075 0161) - NB: photo is not on file in the HER). The features are centred at SE 4061 3534 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401327)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY ANALYTICAL EARTHWORK Yorks.Arch.Soc.Medieval SURVEY Section

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401327' AP WY 49/6-11 Geospatial data LIDAR, Geomatics, 2013. 2m scan Environment Agency data WYAAS GIS Publication Hudson, 1971. History of the Aberford Railway and the Garforth Collieries. Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1977. Vol 49, Archaeological Register 1976 p9

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 05 63

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1008 Page 13 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1019 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman coaxial field system and enclosure (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 31 Mar 2008 RM 23 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 27 Oct 1997 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1182, 1055, 8416, 1180, 1181, 1179, 5766, 5765

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41630 34790

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Sandstone Sandstone Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1019 Page 14 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Cropmark of a possible small ring ditch (estimated diameter 15m.) visible on aerial photographs. The circle is a little distorted into a spiral on northeast side and an earlier photograph (WY 139/12) taken in March shows the feature more as a trapezoidal dark splodge (VLT, 1986).

1996 aerial photogs add cropmarks of rectilinear ditches (fragment of field system?), abutting an east-west track to the north and containing a field corner enclosure. This may represent a continuation of the cropmark area immediately to the west (Group PRN 1182) (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766).

A fragmentary, curving ditch links PRN 1181 to a coaxial field system centred at SE 4169 3477 (PRN 1019). The fields are on a north south alignment and all measure approximately 80m wide. A trackway and enclosure lie within this system. (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 139/12; 147/22,23 AP WY 281/37,37; 282/9,10 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 14 66

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1019 Page 15 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1020 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Isabella Pit and Elizabeth Pit (coal workings),

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 02 Nov 2015 RM 23 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 11 Mar 1993 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2162

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41600 34100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) Ridge and furrow Medieval or later SUBSISTENCE INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Coal mining site Post-medieval INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Bell pit Post-medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1020 Page 16 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Soilmarks of ridge and furrow, part overlain by intensive soil discolourations indicative of coal extraction. The latter is one of numerous coal extraction sites in the Garforth area and perhaps belongs to an earlier phase of the working, that is, prior to the c.19th century pits.

Aerial photographs (WY 98/2) actually includes the sites of two later pits in the background (Isabella Pit and Elizabeth Pit), connected by the course of the former Aberford Railway. Modern 1:2500 OS map shows remnants of an embankment at SE 415 340 which may mark the former wagonway or tramway between Isabella Pit and some sandpits just by the Aberford Road (marked on Hudson pp.98-9).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 98/1,2 Map G.S.Hudson 1971, 'The Aberford Railway and Hist.Garforth Collieries', pp.98-9

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44431473

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1020 Page 17 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1021 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure and field boundaries (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 29 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 23 Nov 2006 KK 08 Nov 2002 VLT 23 Dec 1986 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 5053, 1037, 5054, 1039, 1042, 1060

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41940 35470

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1021 Page 18 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a curvilinear enclosure and a length of ditch visible on aerial photographs taken on 23 -7-1984. A further ditch running at right angles to the first and a few possible cropmarks may be suggestive of an associated field system (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west. West of the trackway the fields are more fragmentary and few whole units are visible.

(PRN 1021) at SE 4185 3555 there is a curvilinear enclosure (almost 'D'-shaped) measuring 37m by 26m. It is formed by a single narrow ditch with a south-east facing entrance. Slightly sinuous field boundaries abut it to the north-west and southeast (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 135/18,21; 139/11 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186' AP AC 176/28

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 15 94

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1021 Page 19 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1022 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman field boundaries (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 23 Nov 2006 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 1025, 1044, 6698, 5177, 1023, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41550 36930

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1022 Page 20 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Confused area of positive cropmarks, most of natural origin but including some linear ditches visible on aerial photographs on 29/07/1986. The proximity of other known prehistoric cropmarks in Parlington suggests a likely extension into this area but no relationships are discernible (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 127/30; 169/15,19 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509' AP WY 212/6

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 16 37

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1022 Page 21 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1023 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures, trackway and field system (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 28 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 VLT 23 Dec 1986 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 1025, 1022, 1044, 6698, 5177, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41590 35920

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a trackway of prehistoric date visible on aerial photographs taken on 07-07-1976. This feature is flanked by a rectangular enclosure and cropmarks of a possible field system, perhaps of a comparable date (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields.

PRN 1023±There are rectilinear enclosures at a) SE 4161 3581 - 0.2ha (63m by 32m). It lies in the angle made between a trackway and a field boundary. It is subdivided into two units.

(b) SE 4115 3575 - 0.08ha (29m by 29m). This is a sub-square enclosure with a south-east facing entrance (a pit of possibly contemporary date lies just outside). A field boundary abuts near its southern corner. There appears to have been re-cutting in this locality as a trackway cuts or is cut by the enclosure. The same trackway cuts or is cut by field boundaries to the north.

(c) SE 4109 3581 - over 18m by over12m. Only two sides and a corner are visible on the air photographs available. There are two (possibly contemporary) associated pits (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 176/32,34-37; 195/7-11; CUC BJN 50-2; BZG 17-18 AP WY 96/32; 97/31-2; 127/29; 135/17,19,20,22 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509' AP WY 214/32-35; 223/21; 228/20-24; 231/3,4; 269/1,2; 272/28- 31

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 16 50

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1025 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field boundaries (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 23 Nov 2006 VLT 23 Dec 1986 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 1022, 1044, 6698, 5177, 1023, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41370 37330

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Confused area of cropmarks, many of natural origin and modern cultivation marks, but including some short lengths of ditch which may represent field systems or modern field boundaries. Visible on aerial photographs taken on 19/3/1989. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields.

PRN 1025±there are rectilinear enclosures at (a) SE 4116 3727 - 20m by over 34m. The west side is not visible on the air photographs available as it enters into woodland at Barwick Bank. It is attached to a system of field boundaries at its north corner. (b) SE 4134 3728 - 0.07ha (27m by 25m). It sits within a system of field boundaries that abut it at its west, north-east and south-east corners (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 36/37; 127/28; 167/12-14,18; 212/3-5; 231/5 AP AC 176/4-6 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 17 42

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1026 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Deserted Medieval settlement of Hillam Burchard (earthworks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 28 Sep 2017 RF 03 Aug 2017 RF 06 Jul 2016 RB 28 Oct 2015 JD 11 Mar 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 23 Nov 2006 KK 27 Mar 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 JM 31 Jul 1995 HMG 12 Aug 1991 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3404, 2839, 1055, 13960

UDP class 2 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. 744 Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41570 37570

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FLINT Uncertain A fifth century) ARTEFACT Mesolithic (Post-glacial to c. FLINT Mesolithic 3500 BC) ARTEFACT Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) FLINT Bronze Age TRANSPORT Medieval (1066 - 1550) HOLLOW WAY 12th and later AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) FISHPOND 12th/13th c. AD? SUBSISTENCE INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) LIME KILN 15th c. INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) QUARRY 15th c. WATER SUPPLY Medieval (1066 - 1550) DRAIN 15th c. and later AND DRAINAGE ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY 12th to 15th c. AD DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) DESERTED 12th-15th c. AD SETTLEMENT INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) MILL 15th century and later DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) TIMBER FRAMED 12th-15th century BUILDING DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) GARDEROBE 12th-15th century AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) MANOR 12th/13th c. AD SUBSISTENCE TRANSPORT Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Hollow way Post-Medieval to 19th century AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FISHPOND Post-Medieval SUBSISTENCE WATER SUPPLY Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) DRAIN Post-Medieval AND DRAINAGE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE Find Pottery Find Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Extensive area of earthworks relating to the deserted medieval settlement of Hillam Burchard. Most of the earthworks are now destroyed by ploughing and alterations to Cock Beck, but some sub- surface remains may still be extant, at least on the valley floor.

The site was discovered by O G S Crawford in 1938 who described it as filled in but quite easily distinguishable (Ordnance Name Book, 1938 23). The site was re-surveyed by the Ordnance Survey archaeology divison in 1962 at 1:2500 - they commented that the dry ditches have been infilled by natural silting processes...it occupies an unusual low lying non-defensive position in close proximity to Cock Beck, and is overlooked by high ground to the south. No building foundations occur within the central hold which is now under pasture (Emsley, R. W; 1962). ------

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Historic Environment Record Full Report A sub-rectangular moat on low ground beside the Cock Beck. Higher up, and probably connected with the moat is a banked and ditched enclosure with building traces. To the south east is the deserted medieval village (le Patourel, H. 1973: 126). ------

Field investigation by M Faull and S Moorhouse (WYAS) in 1977 noted that the settlement consisted of well-defined terraced and hollow-ways, banked enclosures and building platforms, one of which yielded 13th/14th century pottery sherds. The 'moat' to the north was identified as probably a series of sub-rectangular fishponds. At SE 4168 3750 are substantial terraces and platforms, and a mill complex was identified at SE 4213 3798. The sluice now forms part of the Cock Beck. Earthworks and enclosures south-east of the mill site possibly represent the site of the miller's house. The mill was still standing and described on the 1st Edition OS map (6 inch, surveyed 1849: sheet 204). Terraced ways connect the mill complex with the other two settlement sites (Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1978 (Vol 50):14). ------

A Medieval moat, hollow way, and bank (earthwork), a Medieval/post Medieval field boundary, post Medieval ditch, field boundaries, and bank, and a pit of uncertain date, are all visible as cropmarks and earthworks on air photographs taken in 1979 (WY 42/10).

The features are centred at SE 4150 3754. The moat is formed by an 11m wide ditch around a 27m by 17m platform. There is a possible causeway towards the south-east corner. The hollow way is visible to the south of the moat and is variously crossed by later field boundaries and ditches. It is worth noting the field boundaries are on a similar alignment to prehistoric/Roman field boundaries to the south (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54555). ------

The site was excavated in 1980/81 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service (WYAS) - for full details of this excavation, and the final report, please see PRN 13960.

A series of superimposed timber buildings cut into the natural was revealed during the excavation, bearing no relation to the plan of the overlying earthworks. Much pottery and other finds ranged in date from the 12th-15th century, including important groups from two deep garderobe with seat positions. Good quality, non-local pottery seems to indicate a high-status, possibly manorial site. A prominent terraced platform to the north contained at least three superimposed timber buildings, the final two phases of which contained partial unmortared stone sill-walling. Buildings with posts resting on stylobates superseded those with earth-fast posts.

Fishpond complex. Initial results in the Phase I pond showed it to be c.1m deep with a uniform fill and puddled with c.15cm of clean blue clay on the bottom. The south bank had a rammed surface. The fishponds were thought to be contemporary with the settlement earthworks and they lie between the settlement earthworks and the former course of Cock Beck.

A large roofing slate quarry, not visible as an earthwork but detected through geophysical survey, was dug across the main entrance into this part of the site. It contained many stone slates at various stages of roughing-out, together with much pottery of probable mid-15th century date. A contemporary and well-preserved lime-kiln was excavated to the south of the quarry.

The site was traversed by the hollow way which formed the mill route from Barwick in Elmet to Hillam Mill (PRN 2839); like the mill, the routeway was in use until the 19th century. The presumed hollow way to the north was found to be a steep-sided V-shaped ditch, 2m deep, with a 17th century clay pipe bowl at the bottom. The present form of the earthworks probably represents the final stage of a long and complex development of this part of the site throughout the medieval period (Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1981 (Vol 53): 141).

60 flints were retrieved from the excavations; these are presumed residual and comprise: 14 debitage, 37 flakes, 3 Mesolithic scrapers, 3 cores, 1 microlith, 1 Mesolithic core (Preston (2011/12) records blade/bladelet core), 1 barbed and tanged arrowhead. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Hillam Burchard hyll Hillam Burchard Burgheard

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY MEASURED SURVEY M Faull & S Moorhouse 09/1979 (WYAS) FIELD SURVEY GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY C.Heathcote 12/1979 EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH WYMCC Archaeology Unit 1980/81 (WYAS) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT O G S Crawford 1938 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R W Emsley (OS Field 12/04/1962 ASSESSMENT Investigator)

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 176/2,3 Excavation, written-up S. Moorhouse. Hillam Report (draft) Publication CBA, 1977. Group 4 Register for 1977, p6 Publication RESCUE, 1980. 'Medieval settlement in W. Yorkshire' p4-5 Other WYMCC Archaeology Unit - Hillam Project Brief (1980) Desc.text WYAS, 1981. W. Yorks: an Arch. Survey to AD 1500 (see place name index) AP WY 49/19; 85/34-36; 92/7-11; 96/34-36; 97/4-7; 99/15; 127/7 Desc.text Preston, P. R. 2011/2012. Lithics to Landscapes: Hunter- Gatherer tool use, resource exploitation, and mobility during the Mesolithic of the Central Pennines, D.Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford UK AP CUC BPF 33-35 Desc.text Ordnance Name Book. 1938. p.23 and letter attached Publication Le Patourel, H.E.J., 1973. 'Moated sites of Yorks', Med.Arch.Monog. no.5. p126 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1978. Vol 50, Archaeological Register 1977 p14 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1981. Vol 53, Archaeological Register 1980 p141 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54555'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 17 65

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1028 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Parallel ditches (cropmarks), Garforth

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Jan 2015 RM 27 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1018

Cross References 1018, 4990, 4991, 4992, 4993, 4994

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42750 31990

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds West Yorks Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Iron Age/Romano-British fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of three lengths of ditch, two of which run parallel with the third at a right angle. The ditches are of unknown date and function (Yarwood, 1983). ------

The cropmarks were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. The feature was described as pits and ditches of probable Iron Age/Roman date centred at SE 4275 3194. Some of the ditches may be field boundaries and one is probably a continuation of a ditch seen further to the north (PRN 4994). (Oakey, 2004)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 112/34 (taken by Bob Yarwood 29-07-1983) Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1400562'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 21 78

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1030 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman Enclosures & Field Boundaries (cropmarks), Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 04 Nov 2015 RM 27 Nov 2006 RM 09 Mar 2006 KK 08 Nov 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 21 May 1997 BY 22 Jul 1993 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1031, 1032, 2729, 5404, 7328

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42100 33600

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) POTTERY Anglo Saxon? AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) BELL PIT Medieval/Post-Medieval SUBSISTENCE

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark - Find Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Large area of widely spaced linear and curvilinear ditches, several of them abutting onto one 'spinal' ditch. Interpreted as possible fragment of a field system (see all PRNs 1032 & 1033). Numerous marks of natural origin confuse some of the pictures. Numerous bellpits (PRN 2729) are shown as soilmarks and earthworks overlying parts of the earlier prehistoric field system, as well as immediately to the south and south-east. ------

Bob Yarwood and AC overflew on 21/7/1993 and identified a definite small rectilinear enclosure at c. SE 422 337 (a field corner enclosure?) and a possible rectilinear complex of small enclosures around c. SE 422 339. NB: features may extend under WWII site (PRN 5404) on west side. Site stated by J.Rushton as location where several pieces of pottery, identified by Steve Moorhouse as Anglo-Saxon, have been recovered from plough soil. ------

1995 aerial photographs extend the cropmarks to the north-west adjacent to the NE corner of PRN 5404 and includes part (2 sides) of a conjectural sub-rectangular enclosure. 1996 aerial photographs of north end of area show the conjectured 1995 enclosure to be false - it is a right- angle turn of a linear ditch; however, there is another irregularly shaped enclosure immediately adjacent, abutting one of the linear ditches at SE 420 340. ------

The cropmarks were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. The features were described as an Iron Age/Roman enclosure, field boundaries and ditches centred at SE 4238 3385. The enclosure, at SE 4208 3407, is complete and irregular in form. It measures 35m by 38m and has two entrances to the east. These entrances open out onto a rectilinear annex formed by two ditches. The enclosure sits within a group of parallel, linear field boundaries on a north-west south- east alignment. To the south and east of these features are several other associated ditches enclosing larger, irregular areas (PRNs 1032 & 1033) (Oakey, 2004: Unique Identifier 1067549)

English Heritage also identifed possible medieval/ post-medieval bell pits visible as cropmarks and earthworks on air photographs taken between 1953 and 1998 (NB: none of these photographs are held within the HER's collections). These bell pits partly overlie the Iron Age/Roman cropmarks mentioned above (Oakey, 2004: Unique Identifier 1143718).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence Letter J.Rushton to WYAS, 8/11/94. AP WY 121/14,15; 176/33-35; 245/8-10; 245/8-10; 255/39,40; 272/24-27 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1143718' AP AC 335/33-37 (photographed 21/7/1993) Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1067549'

PROPOSAL

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location 44 43 23 16

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1031 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Sturton Grange Farm, Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 04 Nov 2015 RF 02 Sep 2015 RB 06 Feb 2013 JD 26 Oct 2009 RM 31 Mar 2008 HMG 11 Jul 2003 KK 27 Mar 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 28 Feb 1996 BY 03 Aug 1990 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2729, 1030, 8474

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42100 33100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Uncertain A fifth century) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early QUERN Uncertain A fifth century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval or Later (post- TOMBSTONE Uncertain B AND FUNERARY early fifth century) DOMESTIC Early Medieval or Later (post- SETTLEMENT Uncertain B early fifth century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CHAPEL Medieval or later AND FUNERARY WATER SUPPLY Medieval (1066 - 1550) MOAT Medieval AND DRAINAGE AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) MANOR Medieval SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) GRANGE Medieval SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FARMSTEAD 18th Century SUBSISTENCE MONUMENT allocations) ARTEFACT Uncertain (all truly uncertain Padstone Uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING Earthwork - Documentary - Evidence Find Stone Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Sturton was enumerated as a vill in 1086 but thereafter appears to have lost its township status until 16th century. St Mary's Abbey (York) was probably granted land here but the whole vill seems to have been granted to Holy Trinity Priory (York) c.1100. This record covers the site of Sturton Grange Farm, which probably served as the monastic admin centre and the vill and may have been run as a grange estate; this may have resulted in depopulation and there may be a hamlet/village site still to be located.

The present farmhouse is modern and (was formerly) surrounded by earthworks to north, west, and southwest, the outer continuous line of which was interpreted as a moat on earlier O.S maps. Emsley (OS Field Inspector, 1960/63) suggests that the diminutive proportions and irregular course of this 'moat' are more likely to have been an enclosing boundary ditch and bank. There is in fact a possible moat within the enclosed area immediately southwest of the farm buildings, with the west, south and east arms shown on modern 1:2500 O.S map; a north side is shown on the 1850 O.S map. Le Patourel includes it as type A1(b) (and incorrectly describes site as grange of St Mary's Abbey).

A broad linear 'ditch' immediately to the west of this may be the 'possible fishpond' referred to by Emsley. He described the moat and fishpond as slight (nearly infilled) in 1960 and reduced to a superficial depression by ploughing by 1963. Aerial photographs of 1979 show the 'fishpond' still visible. Earthworks north and northwest of farm were ploughed by 1986 (see air photos for PRN 1030). The OS map of 1850 (and also of 1902 (Rushton)) shows site of chapel to east of present farm buildings but it is not clear to which point on the map this refers. A possible unmarked headstone was reported ploughed up immediately west of farmhouse (see file).

1989 aerial photographs show cropmark lane to the east. 1995 aerial photographs show two very straight parallel linear features at SE 419 330 - uncertain whether these are archaeological; also a short length of curvilinear ditch close by.

Mr.Rushton 2/12/1994 reports find of beehive quern and pad stone (which Mr. Rushton calls a stylobate by farmer when constructing a garden to east and south of farmhouse (see annotated photograph in Township file). ------

In May 2011 David Hunter (WYAAS) made a site visit to Sturton Grange Farm in relation to planning application 11/01657/FU for demolition. The farmhouse and farm buildings look to be of later-18th century in date and have been extensively altered in the 20th and 21st centuries. They are built in magnesian limestone with brick. The barn has been converted to domestic storage and recreational use. The basket arch carriageway to the barn was also noted as being quite low in height. As recent conversion have appeared to have removed nearly all evidence of the original structure and uses no further record was requested by WYAAS.

It was also noted during the site visit that no evidence of the supposed shrunken medieval village was seen around the farm, however the site has been subject to extensive landscaping (Hunter, 2011). Archaeological significant place name Place name element Sturton straet Sturton tun

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.W.Emsley, O.S.F.I. 11/4/1960 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.W.Emsley.O.S.F.I. 25/10/1963 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT J.Rushton (local amateur) 00/7/1990 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT David Hunter (WYAAS) 24/05/2011 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Hunter, D. (WYAAS). 2011. 'Sturton Grange Farm, ' Photograph Hunter, D. (WYAAS). 2011. 'Sturton Grange Farm, Micklefield' stored digitally on WYAAS' M:Drive under Sturton Grange township Desc.text Michelmore, D.J.H., 1981. 'W.Yorks:Archaeol.Survey to A.D.1500' pp.525-6 Map O.S. 1st.edn.6, sheet 219; 1908 edition 25, sheet 219/7 Publication Le Patourel, H.E.J., 1973. 'Moated Sites of Yorks' in Med.Arch.Monog. No.5, p.128 Correspondence J.Rushton to WYAS, 17/7/1989, 31/7/1990 (Township files) Correspondence J.Rushton to WYAS, 2/12/94 (Township file) AP WY 48/33-37; 223/23,25,31,32; 255/37,38 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 54682' Desc.text O.S. card SE43SW 4

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 23 32

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1032 Page 38 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1032 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman Field Boundary (cropmark), Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 22 Jun 2016 RB 30 Jan 2015 RM 27 Nov 2006 KK 08 Nov 2002 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030, 1033

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 33900

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1032 Page 39 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Length of ditch shown as a cropmark on aerial photographs. ------

The ditch was were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. It was recorded (along with other features to the west and south - PRNs 1030 & 1033) as being part of an Iron Age/Roman field system centred at SE 4238 3385. (Oakey, 2004: Unique Identifier 1067549)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 137/6; 141/14 (taken 10/07/1985) Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1067549'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 23 59

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1032 Page 40 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1033 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman Field Boundary (cropmark), Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 10 Aug 2015 RM 27 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 27 Feb 1992 VLT 23 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030, 1032, 2729

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42700 33400

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) BELL PIT Post-Medieval MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1033 Page 41 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a linear ditch of uncertain date and function as well as cropmarks of natural frost cracking visible on aerial photographs taken on 21-7-1989. Aerial photograph WY 137 shows cropmarks of two circular features, one estimated 15-20 m. diameter with north side lost in a dark patch, the second estimated 40 m. diameter of which only the southern half is showing. The two features may represent ring ditches, but are more likely to represent coal mining activity (bell pits) of which many remains are known in the area (see PRN 2729) (BY, 1992). ------

The ditch was were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. It was recorded (along with other features to the west and south - PRNs 1030 & 1032) as being part of an Iron Age/Roman field system centred at SE 4238 3385. (Oakey, 2004: Unique Identifier 1067549)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 121/16-18; 137/5,7; 147/24,25; 223/24,26-30 (taken on 21/07/1989) Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1067549' AP B&W print (pre-1975, ex P.Mayes?)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 23 74

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1033 Page 42 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1035 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age enclosures, trackway, field boundaries and ditches, Sturton Grange (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 04 Nov 2015 RF 12 Mar 2015 RM 21 Aug 2007 KK 13 Nov 2002 VLT 26 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 7786, 14391, 3098

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43260 34690

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks Micklefield Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT INDUSTRIAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth QUARRY Roman century) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ROAD Roman century)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1035 Page 43 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a square enclosure abutted by a number of other ditched features, perhaps representing the remnants of earlier or contemporary features, visible on aerial photographs taken during the 1980s. A possible trackway is also seen to run through the ditched features and partially into the enclosure. The south-west corner of the enclosure appears to have been destroyed by the road (VLT, 1986) ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as Iron Age enclosures, trackway, field boundaries and ditches, a ditch of uncertain date and Roman roadside quarries, centred at SE 4321 3473.

The first enclosure, at SE 4325 3467, is incomplete and sub-square in form. It measures 37m by 43m and has an entrance to the south-east. The enclosure is incorporated into a system of large, irregular fields. The second, at SE 4329 3461, abuts one edge of a trackway. Two trackways are visible, both on a north-west south-east alignment running from SE 4309 3471 to SE 4335 3461and SE 4326 3491 to SE 4347 3478. One was shown to have been partly formed by segmented ditched when excavated.

Roman Road 28b (PRN 3098) bisects the site and appears to have been superimposed on the Iron Age landscape. Several quarry ditches can be seen alongside the road one of which lies within the limits of the enclosure at SE 4325 3467 (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400600). ------

Some of the features have been dated through excavation carried out in advance of the M1 - development, see PRN 14391.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 213/11-22; 218/19,20 AP WY 10/9A; 144/29,30 AP CUC AGG 12; BZG 3,4 Desc.text Oakey, M./Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1400600'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 24 97

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1035 Page 44 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1036 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Two conjoined enclosures and ditches (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 29 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 20 May 1997 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 26 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42560 34980

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early DITCH Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1036 Page 45 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of widely spaced linear and curvilinear ditches abutting on to each other - probably part of a field system. Visible on aerial photographs taken on 24/7/1986. A small rectangular enclosure with entrance is contained in one angle of the system, a commonly noted feature in this region. Some aerial photos are confused by the presence of many marks of natural origin, however it is possible that these may also be showing slightly more archaeological detail (WY 167/21). (BY, 1993)

1996 aerial photographs extend the site to the east but cropmarks still poor quality (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as ditches and enclosures of probable Iron Age/ Roman date centred at SE 4270 3499.

Two conjoined enclosures are visible at SE 4254 3496. The first is triangular, measuring 30m by 33m by 26m. The second measures 37m by 29m and has an entrance to the north-east. These have several ditches abutting them. One runs to the north east and is abutted by a second, long ditch. Four short, parallel sections of ditch on a north-east south-west alignment appear to cross the ditches associated with the enclosures. These may form part of a field system (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400636)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 96/16; 99/23-4,27; 165/13; 167/21; 270/7-10 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400636' AP CUC BJU 61-2

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 25 50

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1036 Page 46 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1037 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Possible ring ditch and Ridge and furrow, Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 27 Nov 2006 HMG 06 Aug 2003 KK 13 Nov 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 22 Jul 1991 VLT 26 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1038, 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42600 35500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) FIELD SYSTEM Medieval SUBSISTENCE GARDENS PARKS Georgian (1714 - 1836) PLANTATION Late eighteenth century AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Georgian (1714 - 1836) PARK Late eighteenth century AND URBAN SPACES

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1037 Page 47 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Very diffuse soilmark of one arc of a possible ring ditch. The estimated diameter of the complete ring would be approximately the same as that of a more complete ring ditch (PRN 1038) 50m. to the north east. Both ring ditches are surrounded by the soilmarks of medieval furlongs.

Reference to the 1st.edition 6 inch O.S. now shows that this arc and the nearby ring ditch (PRN 1038) are probably attributable to circular tree clumps (plantations) in the late eighteenth century park; this subsequently confirmed by map of 1773 showing the two circular plantations and just two rectangular ones very prominently. This monument is Class IV but happens to lie in an area of Class III resulting from other cropmarks.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 92/26; 96/24; 97/20 Map Leeds City Archives, GC/MA additional No.1 (accession 1803) (map of 1773)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44432565

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1037 Page 48 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1038 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Cropmark of ring ditch, Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 27 Nov 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 22 Jul 1991 VLT 26 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1037, 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42600 35500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) Ridge and furrow Medieval SUBSISTENCE GARDENS PARKS Georgian (1714 - 1836) Plantation Late eighteenth century AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Georgian (1714 - 1836) Park Late eighteenth century AND URBAN SPACES MONUMENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1038 Page 49 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Soilmark of large ring ditch, diameter c.42m. The soilmarks of ridge and furrow in furlongs (inc. furlong boundaries) surround the ring ditch and one furlong boundary obscures the north east side of it. It is possible that the coincidence of furlong boundary with ring ditch is not fortuitous but that the latter was showing as an earthwork when the furlong was laid out. A second possible ring ditch of similar diameter lies 50m. to the south west (PRN 1037).

Note: Reference to the 1st.edn.6 O.S. shows that these circular features are almost certainly tree clumps (plantations) in the late eighteenth century park; this subsequently confirmed by map of 1773 showing the two circular plantations and just two rectangular ones very prominently.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 176/24-27 Map Leeds City Archives, GC/MA additional No.1 (accession 1803) (map of 1773) AP WY 92/23,26-8; 96/20,22-26; 97/18,20,21,26-30,33-36 AP WY 188/24 (to check)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44432565

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1038 Page 50 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1039 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman field system, trackway and enclosures (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 29 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 27 Nov 2006 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 26 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1042, 1060, 1055, 5054, 5053, 5052, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42870 35470

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1039 Page 51 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Cropmarks of two lanes, probably meeting at right angles visible on aerial photographs taken on 19- 7-1972. A small sub-rectangular enclosure in the angle between them with a possible entrance to the east is grouped with many other similar 'field corner' enclosures in the region and presumed to be of agricultural function. This site is an extension from cropmarks (PRN 1042) to the north; relationship with other cropmarks (PRN 5053) to the south-west is uncertain (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

(PRN 1039) rectilinear enclosure at SE 4286 3544 - 26m by 25m. This enclosure is located in the right-angle between two trackways (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BJU 63 AP WY 92/22 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 25 95

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1039 Page 52 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1040 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman trackway and field boundaries, Aberford Park (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 27 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 VLT 27 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 4129, 1023, 1055, 1025, 1022, 1044, 6698, 5177

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42000 36530

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early LANE Iron Age/Roman fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1040 Page 53 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a lane visible on aerial photographs. It appears to be a continuation of PRN 1023 to the southwest. A length of ditch running parallel to the lane is of unknown date or function but perhaps represents an element of a field system (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 92/14,16; 96/30,31; 214/30,31 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509 AP AC 195/5,6

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 26 45

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1040 Page 54 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1041 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Triangular-shaped area of Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 28 Jun 2017 RB 28 Oct 2015 RB 11 Nov 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 27 Nov 2006 JD 16 Aug 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 20 May 1997 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 27 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6698, 1044, 1055, 1046, 8831, 8821, 8822, 1045

UDP class 1 2 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1433523 Date Scheduled 17/10/2016 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42410 36850

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Romano-British SUBSISTENCE fifth century) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Iron Age/Romano-British fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1041 Page 55 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

This is a large cropmark complex visible on aerial photographs taken in 1976. The site consists of rectilinear enclosures (at least 6 examples), a curvilinear enclosure, and various other enclosures (between 7 and 10), as well as field boundaries of Iron Age/Roman date, numerous pits (possibly also Iron Age/Roman) and some macula of uncertain date. These cropmarks are only part of a larger contiguous cropmark landscape which continues both to the north and south of this particular cluster. Site has been identified by both the NMR (recorded in 1979 and 2004), and West Yorkshire Archaeology Service during a preliminary archaeological assessment of the Parlington Estate in 1991 (see PRN 1055). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a large complex of rectilinear enclosures (at least 6), a curvilinear enclosure, enclosures (between 7 and 10), and field boundaries, of Iron Age/Roman date; and numerous pits (possibly also Iron Age/Roman), and some macula, of uncertain date. They are part of a much larger contiguous landscape that has been recorded separately for the sake of clarity (PRNs 1045 & 1046). The cropmarks are centred at SE 4240 3686.

The enclosures are tightly arranged within a roughly triangular-shaped area, which appears to be enclosed by broad ditches. To the west this area is flanked by at least three long fields defined by irregular sinuous ditches. The enclosures vary in size from 16m by 19m to 31m by 29m, however there is so much recutting and overlying of confusing frost-cracking across this site that it is difficult to extract the individual units.

The curvilinear enclosure (SE 4238 3691) has an internal area of 0.4 ha (71m by 65m). At SE 4242 3683 there is an enclosure that has either been recut or has various ditches cutting across it. It has an entrance in the south-east side (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54606) ------

Metal detectorists have also uncovered 16 copper alloy Roman coins within the area of the cropmarks, all record by the Portable Antiquities Scheme and dated to either the 3rd or 4th Century AD (see PRNs 8831, 8821, 8822).

It is to be emphasised that these cropmarks are part of a rich cropmark landscape in this area, some of which has been confirmed to date from the Iron Age/Roman periods through excavation. For example, during the construction of the M1-A1 link road, a group of cropmarks (located c.2km south of the cropmarks identified in this application) were excavated by West Yorkshire Archaeology Service in 1996 (see PRNs 7464 & 7465). These excavations confirmed two multi-phased areas of ditched enclosure and associated features of a Iron Age/Roman or Romano-British date, and funerary activity was also evident from the presence of five inhumations and a single cremation. As such, the likelihood of below-ground remains surviving of the cropmark complex identified at Parlington is significant.

------

This site was Scheduled by Historic England 17/10/2016 the Scheduled Monument description (for Scheduled Monument number 1433523) reads:

PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS: the buried remains of an Iron Age and Romano-British settlement situated on gently-sloping ground near the summit of a ridge, south of Cock Beck and west of Aberford. The settlement survives as buried features below the present ground surface, and is clearly visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs. Artefacts found on the site have included 16 Roman coins dating to the C3 and C4 AD.

DESCRIPTION: the Iron Age and Romano-British settlement is delimited by a large sub-triangular enclosure formed by a broad ditch. The enclosure is orientated north-west to south-east and is Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1041 Page 56 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report approximately 265m long and from c15m wide at the north-west to c220m wide at the south-east. It has a causewayed entrance at the south end of the east side. There are two curvilinear enclosures, up to c72m by 70m and c51m by 48m, within the northern half of the enclosure. A complex series of about 16 curvilinear and rectilinear enclosures occupy the southern half of the main enclosure. They vary in size from approximately c66m by 63m to c20m by 10m. Several are conjoined and appear to include internal subdivisions. At least two or three sets of ditches and enclosures overlap on the site, showing successive changes in the layout and organisation of the settlement over a period of time. There are several causewayed entrances facing east, broadly in-line with the entrance through the main enclosure. Within the settlement are the cropmarks of about 125 macula, which are considered to mark the position of grain storage pits, cess pits, refuse pits, burials, post holes and gullies. There are two large sunken features; a rectangular feature, c12m by 10m, (SE 42383 36860) and a T-shaped feature, c13m long and up to 8.5m wide, (SE 42470 36805). Partly abutting the main enclosure, are two sub-square enclosures, which are c24m by 24m and c32m by 32m.

EXCLUSIONS: The monument excludes all modern fences and fence posts, gates and gate posts. However the ground beneath these features is included.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP NMR 723 320-323 AP DNR 521/22; 850/22 AP AC 176/7-11 AP WY 12/36-7; 14/17A-19A; 92/13,15,17,18; 96/28,29; 99/17; 113/2-6 Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54606' AP WY 127/17,22,23; 269/30-35,37; 270/0-2; 273/2,3,6-8; 281/20 -22 Desc.text Historic England Iron Age, 17/10/2016 Romano-British Settlement south of Hungerhills Plantation, Parlington; SAM No. 1433523

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 26 48

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR): Insufficient evidence at the present to assess national importance. Needs confirmation of good level of survival plus dating evidence. Possibly resubmit when further info is available.

An online application has been made to English Heritage for scheduling the IA/R-B cropmark complex at Parlington (submitted on 11/11/2010 by RB). This application is currently pending, but in the meantime, (as stated in PPS 5) the area should be treated as a Class I site in planning terms. The area proposed for scheduling can be seen on the GIS layer named 'Sites_Proposed_For_Scheduling'.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1042 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman trackway, enclosures and field system (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 29 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 28 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 27 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1060, 1039, 1055, 5054, 5053, 5052, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42870 35970

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval and/or later SUBSISTENCE FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

This Iron Age/Roman cropmark site is continued on PRNs 1060 and 1039.

1996 aerial photographs add significant new detail at the northern end of the area - in particular, one of the ditches running southwest from the SW corner of the enclosure seems to be formed in part by short lengths of pit alignment. Other pits and a possible small enclosure are associated with this line towards its SW end. The whole area is much confused by marks of natural origin and poor quality of many of the archaeological cropmarks. Such an area, given the sorts of features which are visible, must be considered a prime candidate for areas of unenclosed domestic activity/ settlement as per our revised perceptions of these late prehistoric/RB landscapes. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

(PRN 1042) rectilinear enclosure at SE 4272 3598 - 18m by over 21m (the south-west side is not visible on the air photographs available). The southeast side is formed by a field boundary that, in places to the north-east, is visible as a pit alignment (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 176/12-14 AP WY 104/17-21; 114/27-30; 223/22; 272/35-37; 281/23-27 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186' AP PVA 0762080-5; 76:A?/19,20

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 26 80

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1044 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures, fields & possible round barrow (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 28 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 20 May 1997 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 27 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1041, 1055, 1025, 1022, 6698, 5177, 1023, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42090 37110

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT RELIGIOUS RITUAL Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) ROUND BARROW Bronze Age AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

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Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

The area contains much 'frost cracking' - cropmarks of two irregular linear ditches and a ring ditch, possibly a round barrow whose diameter (estimated 8 m.) visible on aerial photographs. The isolation of the possible round barrow is typical of most such cropmark ring ditches in the region. It is clear that the high density of features on site PRN 1041 immediately to the south-east (just beyond the narrow tree belt) does not continue here (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields.

PRN 1044 - a curvilinear enclosure is located at SE 4209 3722. It has an internal area of 0.08ha (34m by 33m) and is almost sub-circular in plan. A field boundary abuts it to the west. A circular enclosure is also located at SE 4211 3702. It is formed by an outer ring measuring 7m in diameter with a possible entrance facing west. Internally there is a slight macula that may suggest this is an inhumation or burial mound of some kind. It is comparable to that mentioned in SE 43 NW 13 (just 413m north-east). (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 92/12; 269/36; 270/3-6; 273/0,1 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509' AP AC 176/1

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 27 21

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1045 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Substantial block of Iron Age or Roman field system south of Cattle Lane (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 15 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 19 May 1997 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 28 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1046, 1055, 1041

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42350 37410

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT ENCLOSURE MONUMENT MONUMENT century) DEFENCE Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth SIGNAL STATION Roman century) MONUMENT century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

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Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a large rectangular enclosure which encloses a smaller rectangular enclosure and has an entrance on the north east side. The cropmarks are possibly associated with PRN 1046, which on the basis of its form may be a Roman signal station (VLT, 1986).

1996 aerial photographs (WY281) add cropmarks of an irregular sub-rectangular enclosure and a linear ditch running rougly north south. The linear ditch is running off towards PRN 1046 to the north and is probably a continuation of that site (BY, 1997). ------

The features described above were re-photographed in March 1998 and were seen to be part of a complex group of at least ten rectilinear enclosures attached to the east side of the linear feature. A second linear running from the south east (SE 4253 3768) converges with the first at SE 4231 3798, to the north of the enclosures. These features are likely to be of Iron Age or Roman date (Macleod, D. (EH), 1998) ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a substantial block of Iron Age or Roman rural landscape comprising a long boundary flanked by fields, rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, together with clusters of pits and a possible circular enclosure. Other elements of this landscape are recorded separately for clarity (see PRNs 1041, 1045, 1046). The cropmarks are centred at SE 4240 3756.

The main axial element of this landscape is a long boundary ditch that is visible from SE 4230 3798 to SE 4236 3727. The northern limit of this boundary coincides with the slopes of Cock Beck. This boundary is orientated in a general north/south direction but is rather sinuous in parts.

The land to the west of this boundary is enclosed by large units of land divided by single and double ditches or trackways. To the east the boundary is flanked by at least 19 enclosures. These extend the visible length of the boundary. They are generally rectilinear in plan and range from 0.06ha to 0.4ha. There is clearly a degree of overlap between some of the enclosures.

At SE 4232 3765 (PRN 1046) a near square enclosure with an internal area of 0.2ha (54m by 49m). It does not seem contemporary ditches internally to the west and south suggesting there was either an inner ditch running concentrically to the main outer ditch, or a phase of recutting. Several pits lie inside.

Centred at SE 4237 3732 (PRN 1045) there are two incomplete curvilinear (possibly D-shaped) enclosures. A third lies at SE 4240 3716 and has several internal pits.

Amongst the enclosures at the south of this complex, at SE 4235 3737 (PRN 1045), is a possible circular enclosure of very small diameter: just 6m. This was only visible on more recent photographs (taken on 06/04/2000±NMR SE 4237/98 (17444/15)) and the cropmark of this small feature is interrupted by tractor tramlines.

At SE 425 377 (PRN 1046) there are a number of cropmark maculae, possibly the remains of extractive pits of uncertain date (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54596)

EVENT

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Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 96/33; 281/16,19 Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54596'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 27 24

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1046 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Substantial block of Iron Age or Roman field system north of Cattle Lane (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 28 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 16 Aug 2006 KK 27 Mar 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 19 May 1997 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 28 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1045, 1055, 1041

UDP class 2 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42310 37680

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT CLUSTER Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early BOUNDARY DITCH Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) INDUSTRIAL Uncertain (all truly uncertain EXTRACTIVE PIT Uncertain allocations)

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Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a large square enclosure and a pit cluster, trackway and field system visible on aerial photographs taken in 1972. Associated field ditches possibly continue to the south to PRN 1045 (VLT, 1986).

1996 aerial photographs of site now show that the site more certainly continues to the south of the road (PRN 1045); also many marks of natural origin and possibly some archaeology to the west of the farm buildings (BY, 1997). ------

The features described above were re-photographed in March 1998 and were seen to be part of a complex group of at least ten rectilinear enclosures attached to the east side of the linear feature. A second linear running from the south east (SE 4253 3768) converges with the first at SE 4231 3798, to the north of the enclosures. These features are likely to be of Iron Age or Roman date (Macleod, D. (EH), 1998) ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a substantial block of Iron Age or Roman rural landscape comprising a long boundary flanked by fields, rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, together with clusters of pits and a possible circular enclosure. Other elements of this landscape are recorded separately for clarity (see PRNs 1041, 1045, 1046). The cropmarks are centred at SE 4240 3756.

The main axial element of this landscape is a long boundary ditch that is visible from SE 4230 3798 to SE 4236 3727. The northern limit of this boundary coincides with the slopes of Cock Beck. This boundary is orientated in a general north/south direction but is rather sinuous in parts.

The land to the west of this boundary is enclosed by large units of land divided by single and double ditches or trackways. To the east the boundary is flanked by at least 19 enclosures. These extend the visible length of the boundary. They are generally rectilinear in plan and range from 0.06ha to 0.4ha. There is clearly a degree of overlap between some of the enclosures.

At SE 4232 3765 (PRN 1046) a near square enclosure with an internal area of 0.2ha (54m by 49m). It does not seem contemporary ditches internally to the west and south suggesting there was either an inner ditch running concentrically to the main outer ditch, or a phase of recutting. Several pits lie inside.

Centred at SE 4237 3732 (PRN 1045) there are two incomplete curvilinear (possibly D-shaped) enclosures. A third lies at SE 4240 3716 and has several internal pits.

Amongst the enclosures at the south of this complex, at SE 4235 3737 (PRN 1045), is a possible circular enclosure of very small diameter: just 6m. This was only visible on more recent photographs (taken on 06/04/2000±NMR SE 4237/98 (17444/15)) and the cropmark of this small feature is interrupted by tractor tramlines.

At SE 425 377 (PRN 1046) there are a number of cropmark maculae, possibly the remains of extractive pits of uncertain date (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54596)

EVENT

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Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 175/35-38 AP DNR 995/2 AP WY 127/18-21; 139/9; 218/21-25; 273/9-13; 281/17,18 Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 27/09/2005, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54596' AP CUC AMH 41; BJZ 32; BPF 30-32; CCX 72

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 27 27

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2005, Site not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1048 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Cropmarks of linear ditches, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 28 Nov 2006 JM

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42700 37700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Cropmarks of two lengths of linear ditch running at right angles to each other (north to south and east to west). The length of ditch running north to south has two sub-rectangular enclosures abutting on its eastern side. The precise date and function of these features remains unknown.

EVENT

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Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BJZ32 (20th July 1972)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44.43.27.27

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1049 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Prehistoric/Roman field system & enclosures north of 'The Ridge', Becca Banks

Compiler Date RF 27 Apr 2017 RF 20 Apr 2017 RB 27 Oct 2015 RM 21 Dec 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 VD 18 Sep 2001 VLT 28 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6900, 1024

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42950 37890

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Prehistoric/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Prehistoric/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Roman century) ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY Medieval

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Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Aerial photographs taken on 19-08-1976 showing enclosures and trackways and/or ditches adjacent and to the south of 'The Ridge' (PRN 6900) which is part of the Aberford Dyke earthworks. NB: The archaeological features shown on the aerial photographs may or may not be associated with Aberford Dykes (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a prehistoric/Roman enclosure, a curvilinear enclosure, and a rectilinear enclosure, with associated field boundaries forming a co-axial field system, centred at SE 4293 3785.

The field system is defined by slightly sinuous narrow ditches that form distinct rectangular units aligned roughly north-west/south-east. The fields measure between 56m by 31m and 61m by 50m. The enclosure (SE 4287 3798) is very irregular in form and consists of a single narrow ditch abutting a field boundary to the north-west. There is a possible entrance at the south-west corner. It has an internal area of 0.06ha (28m by 22m). The curvilinear enclosure (SE 4296 3792) may be geological in origin as there are segments of similar shape defined by frost-cracking. However it also seems to abut field boundaries at its southern extent. It has an internal area of 0.04ha (28m by 19m).

At SE 4298 3780 there is a rectilinear enclosure that appears not to be contemporary with the field units and other enclosures (it is cut by, or cuts, one of the field boundaries). This feature has been previously recorded in a separate record (SE 43 NW 22). It is formed by a single narrow ditch and has an internal area of 0.2ha (52m by 44m) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54604).

......

In 1976 R.A. Croft reported finding Roman and medieval pottery sherds when field walking (SE 429 379), deposited with University of Leeds, Department of Archaeology.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BJN 60; BJZ 34 AP DNR 995/5 AP WY 97/17; 99/20,22 AP NMR 20426 (16/Aug/2005) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54604' AP PVA 0762078-9 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1977. Vol 49, Archaeological Register 1976 p8

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 27 88

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On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 1051 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Medieval/Post-Medieval field boundaries, Becca Park (cropmarks), Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 27 Oct 2015 RM 28 Nov 2006 JD 16 Aug 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 28 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2565

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42380 38550

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) FIELD BOUNDARY Medieval/Post-Medieval SUBSISTENCE GARDENS PARKS Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) PARK Post-medieval AND URBAN SPACES

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark - Earthwork -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

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Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks/soilmarks of ridge and furrow in former parkland visible on aerial photographs taken on 23/3/1982 - area is Class III in view of uncertainty about its relationship with the possible medieval site of Cufforth (PRN 2565) (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as Medieval/Post-Medieval field boundaries centred at SE 4231 3849. They lie within Becca Park (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401383)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 75/23,24; 91/35A,36A; 92/3-6; 97/8,9 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401383' AP PVA 4762073

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 28 78

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1052 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Extractive pits of uncertain date, Bramham Moor (cropmarks), Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 27 Oct 2015 RM 28 Nov 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 BY 27 Feb 1992 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 4120

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42570 39920

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) AGRICULTURE AND Uncertain (all truly uncertain DITCH Uncertain SUBSISTENCE allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of linear ditches which appear to represent field system ditches. Large circular areas shown on the aerial photographs (taken on 15-04-1989) represent features deemed to be of non- antiquity perhaps remnants of extraction in the form of coal mining or quarrying. Cropmarks of what appears to be natural frost cracking is also shown on the aerial photograph (BY, 1992). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as extractive pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4239 3987 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401364)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 195/3,4; 196/17-19 AP PVA 0762075-7; 6762038-40 AP WY 123/2,3 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401364

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 29 47

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1055 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Parlington Estate: Desk-Based Assessment

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RF 23 Nov 2015 RB 12 Jun 2014 RB 15 Mar 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References see description

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41415 36112

O.S. 1:10000 SE42NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks Aberford Leeds West Yorks Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age SUBSISTENCE ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN Roman century) AGRICULTURE AND Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth FIELD SYSTEM Romano British SUBSISTENCE century) DEFENCE Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) DYKE (DEFENCE) Pre Conquest MONUMENT (EARTHWORK) MONUMENT DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) DESERTED medieval SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) HALL HOUSE post-medieval GARDENS PARKS Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) PARK post-medieval AND URBAN SPACES INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) BELL PIT post-medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Metal EARTHWORK DEMOLISHED BUILDING CROPMARK DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD 75 Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

A desk based assessment was carried out by West Yorkshire Archaeology Service in September 1991 of the Parlington Estate, near Aberford, Leeds. The Parlington Estate, centred on the above grid reference, comprised c.9 square kilometres of land between Barwick in Elmet, Aberford and Garforth, and roughly corresponds with the boundaries of the ancient township of Parlington.

Much of the study area is flat or gently undulating, lying between 60 and 75m OD. It lies at the junction of three geologically distinct zones: the central and northern parts of the estate lie on Magnesian limestone, whilst the west and southwest sides extend onto the Lower and Middle Coal Measure Sandstones and Shales respectively. The area is drained by a small stream, the Cock Beck, and its tributaries.

Two Roman coins and a number of aerial photographs are the only evidence of the prehistoric and Roman landscapes of the Parlington estate. The cropmarks seen on aerial photographs of the estate relate mainly to the Iron Age and Roman periods and these sites are restricted to parts of the estate where arable farming is practised. There is a strong possibility that there are more sites which simply do not show up or are masked by woodland. A map showing the cropmark and limited finds evidence is provided in figure 6 of the report, along with a gazetteer of all the sites identified for this period.

There is very limited evidence from the Sub-Roman and Anglo Saxon period within the study area. By the end of the 6th century, Parlington formed part of the documented British kingdom of Elmet, traces of which are retained in the µin Elmet¶affix of Barwick and Sherburn. No known

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Historic Environment Record Full Report archaeological sites in the Parlington area can be definitely associated with this period in history, but it is possible that some of the farming settlements represented by the cropmark enclosures continued to be occupied well into the 5th century. Another group of monuments, the Aberford Dykes (PRNs 5027, 6900, 6902 and 6908), may also belong to this period. The dykes comprise linear bank and ditch earthworks running generally west to east through Aberford. There are many theories about these earthworks, one such theory is that the earthworks were part of the resistance to the Roman advance while another possibility is that they relate to the defence of the British Kingdom of Elmet against annexation by the Northumbrians and to continuing disputes between the Northumbrians and Mercians in the 7th century. Documents of AD 963 and c.1030 showed that one of the estates of the Archbishop of York included the vills of Micklefield and Lotherton in the 10th century, and Ledsham and Micklefield in the early 11th century. Another large estate has been postulated from evidence in the Domesday survey; the survey shows that in 1066 Edwin, earl of Mercia had a number of holdings in the area, including Barwick, Aberford and Parlington. Further evidence stated in the report suggests that this was a large Anglo-Saxon estate, centred on Kippax.

In Parlington the majority of medieval settlement was in the form of nucleated villages, each typically with its own areas of open arable field, meadow, pasture and woodland within the township. Other natural resources, such as coal and some types of stone, were exploited by mining and quarrying. Many minor settlements, such as single farms and small hamlets, also existed independent from those of the principal settlement. In addition, the administrative and manorial framework resulted in the establishment of manorial centres, castles, mills and other individual landscape features. Unfortunately, within the township of Parlington later emparking has changed the landscape so much that there is some uncertainty about the location and form of settlements in the Middle Ages. 18th century cartographic evidence does hint at a nucleated village which may be the medieval settlement of Parlington (PRN 4129), and it is known that a separate hamlet, Hillam Burchard (PRN1026) existed in the north of the township; the earthworks of this settlement still survive to the west of Leyfield Farm. The location of both these settlements, as well as the locations of other medieval sites within the study area, is shown on figure 10 in the report.

The post-medieval and industrial landscape of the study area was not discussed in detail in the report. The principal features of that period were found to fall into three major groups; 1) Those associated with the re-building of Parlington Hall (PRN 4130) and the associated landscaping of the park estate (PRN 4002) in the 18th century. These include the hall itself (now demolished), gardens, park with ha-ha, park lodges, ornamental tree planning, and several stone monuments. 2) Those associated with local extractive industries. These include coal extraction sites surviving as earthworks (bellpits) and as soilmarks on air photographs, and transport facilities (PRN 7600 and 5196). 3) Those associated with the continued economic exploitation of the estate (apart from coal mining). These include forestry and farming, both of which have brought about substantial changes even to the 18th century landscape. The principal sites associated with these activities are the buildings and structures associated with farming.

The report does not provide a list of sites associated with the period, and no later periods are mentioned.

Cross References: 539, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1019, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1025, 1026, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1060, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1955, 2839, 3099, 3404, 4002, 4129, 4130, 4999, 5000, 5001, 5051, 5052, 5053, 5054, 5132, 5177, 5196, 5418, 5765, 5766, 6698, 7464, 7465, 7600, 7693.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT WYAS Sept 1991 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text WYAS, 1991. The Parlington Estate, West Yorkshire. Preliminary Archaeological Assessment.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1058 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system west of Dawson's Wood (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 21 Sep 2015 RF 06 Mar 2015 RM 28 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1059, 14001, 11715

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43690 35530

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Romano British SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Cropmarks of two/three enclosures of probable Prehistoric date linked by a length of ditch visible on aerial photographs. The larger of the two enclosures is a square enclosure located on the north side of the ditch. The smaller enclosure on the south side of the ditch represents a 'D' shaped enclosure with a partial double ditch (BY, 1993). ------

Part of this area was investigated c.1996 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service prior to the M1-A1 road development (see PRNs 14001 and 11715). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as three rectilinear enclosures, and associated field boundaries, of Iron Age/Roman date, and two curvilinear enclosures of Roman date. They are centred at SE 4370 3558. Several of these features have been excavated by West Yorkshire Archaeology Service in c.1996.

All the enclosures abut a series of long, intersecting field boundaries that are visible between SE 4383 3579 and SE 4361 3521. Two of the rectilinear enclosures are joined and situated at SE 4381 3580 (PRN 1059). The larger of the two has an internal area of 0.19ha (63m by 29m). The smaller (abutting mid-way along the west side of the larger enclosure) has an internal area of 0.05ha (23m by 22m). The larger is also abutted by field boundaries. Just to the south there are two conjoined curvilinear enclosures measuring 31m by 23m and 20m by 15m. At SE 4363 3550 there is a multi-ditched rectilinear enclosure (PRN 1058) that has been subject to excavation by WYAS in 1996. It is formed by three (possibly four) concentric right-angled ditches, each separated by a gap of approximately 5m. The ditches are all under 1m wide.

Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401485'

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401485' AP WY 92/29-32; 96/11,12; 177/4

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 35 75

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1059 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system north of Dawson's Wood (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 21 Sep 2015 RF 06 Mar 2015 LB 24 Sep 2012 RM 28 Nov 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1058, 11716

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43790 35800

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman British SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1059 Page 83 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Positive cropmarks of possible elongated small sub-rectangular enclosure with abutting linear ditches, perhaps part of an associated field system visible on aerial photographs. This site could be continued under the former woodland area immediately to the south-west where ditches are visible but their attribution to period is uncertain (BY, 1993). ------

Part of this area was investigated c.1996, prior to the M1-A1 development see (PRN 11716). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as three rectilinear enclosures, and associated field boundaries, of Iron Age/Roman date, and two curvilinear enclosures of Roman date. They are centred at SE 4370 3558. Several of these features have been excavated by West Yorkshire Archaeology Service in c.1996.

All the enclosures abut a series of long, intersecting field boundaries that are visible between SE 4383 3579 and SE 4361 3521. Two of the rectilinear enclosures are joined and situated at SE 4381 3580 (PRN 1059). The larger of the two has an internal area of 0.19ha (63m by 29m). The smaller (abutting mid-way along the west side of the larger enclosure) has an internal area of 0.05ha (23m by 22m). The larger is also abutted by field boundaries. Just to the south there are two conjoined curvilinear enclosures measuring 31m by 23m and 20m by 15m. At SE 4363 3550 there is a multi-ditched rectilinear enclosure (PRN 1058) that has been subject to excavation by WYAS in 1996. It is formed by three (possibly four) concentric right-angled ditches, each separated by a gap of approximately 5m. The ditches are all under 1m wide.

Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401485'

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401485' AP CUC BQQ 101,102 AP WY 177/5

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 35 71

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1060 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman field system, enclosures and trackway (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 29 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 28 Nov 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 18 Apr 1993 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1042, 1055, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43090 36060

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

A possible trackway/road running from north to south, bisected in part by later field boundaries. Visible on aerial photographs taken on 11/2/1989. A contemporary trackway leading from this first feature runs in an easterly direction towards a sinuous linear feature. There are several small rectangular enclosures to the north and east of this as well as further cropmarks which appear to be geological in nature. The site appears to be continued on PRN 1042 (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

To the east the trackway is flanked by large rectangular fields, c.200m long by 150m wide, one of which is subdivided into small units (PRN 1060). These fields are defined by some straight and some distinctly sinuous ditches. There is a rectilinear enclosure at SE 4296 3611 - 20m by 19m. It comprises a single narrow ditch with an entrance facing east (the south terminal turns inward for 9m). It abuts a trackway running along its west side. (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 121/26,27; 127/24,25 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186 AP AC 176/15-23

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 36 11

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1062 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Linear ditch (cropmarks), Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 28 Nov 2006 JD 16 Aug 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1079, 1080, 6694, 6690, 6692

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43810 36330

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of uncertain linear ditches, which appear to cross each other visible on aerial photographs taken on 11-07-1984. Date and specific function unknown (VLT, 1986). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 1079, 1080, 6694, 6690, 6692) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541' AP WY 127/26 AP PVA 4762066

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 36 74

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1064 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Fragments of an Iron Age/Roman rectilinear field system east of A1 motorway (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 27 Oct 2015 RF 01 Apr 2015 RM 28 Nov 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 19 May 1997 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 30 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1066

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43590 38530

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

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Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

D-shaped enclosure and linear ditch identified by aerial photography (VLT, 1986).

1996 aerial photographs (WY 274) extend the cropmarks to the north - a linear ditch abutted by a small rectangular enclosure and a second linear ditch (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as fragments of an Iron Age/Roman rectilinear field system and enclosures, centred at SE 4355 3894 (see also PRN 1066).

A rectilinear enclosure is located at SE 4358 3848 - it is aligned along a curving linear field boundary and has an internal area of 0.1ha (35m by 28m). At the southern extent (SE 4366 3829) of the curving linear field boundary (previously mentioned) there is a D-shaped enclosure. It has an internal area of 0.09ha (33m by 31m). At SE 4379 3833 there is a possible curvilinear enclosure. It is not completely visible on the air photographs available. It measures 32m by over 59m.

These features lie in close proximity to Roman road 28b and may be associated with it (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54607)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP PVA 77:3:7/5; 76:A?:17 (check YAS library for further APs) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54607' AP WY 274/12-14

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 38 65

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1066 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Fragments of an Iron Age/Roman rectilinear field system west of A1 motorway (cropmarks)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 27 Oct 2015 JD 06 May 2014 RM 11 Dec 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 30 Jun 1997 BY 16 May 1990 VLT 31 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1067, 7474, 1064

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43140 39220

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE INDUSTRIAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth QUARRY Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks on west side of modern A1 of linear ditches visible on aerial photographs taken in 1976. Two of these ditches run eastwards under the modern A1 and may have a possible relationship to the Roman Road (PRN 1067) 100 - 200 m. further to the east. Such a relationship is important as being one of relatively few identifiable opportunities to establish relative dating of features of the Iron Age/Roman landscape in the region (VLT, 1986). ------

More recent aerial photographs (06-05-1989) show a small sub-rectangular enclosure which is attached to two or more regular, rectangular paddocks or small fields which are several times larger than the enclosure. Relationship to the above mentioned linear ditches uncertain. One linear ditch continues to north as far as SE 432 397. Also cropmarks of recently removed field boundaries (BY, 1990). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as fragments of an Iron Age/Roman rectilinear field system, enclosures, and an extractive pit and quarry of uncertain date, centred at SE 4355 3894 (see also PRN 1064).

Two rectilinear enclosures are located at (1) SE 4312 3917 and (2) SE 4313 3914. They are situated close to each other and are of similar size and shape. The most northerly (1) has an internal area of 0.04ha (22m by 19m). That to the south (2) has an internal area of 0.04ha (24m by 21m). The main difference between the two is that the latter is abutted by field boundaries at its north-western and north-eastern corners, whereas the former is isolated.

These features lie in close proximity to Roman road 28b and may be associated with it. At SE 4350 3897 there is a small quarry that may also be associated with the Roman road (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 54607) ------

A length of the linear ditches just west of the A1 stripped and investigated ahead of the A1/M1 link road scheme 1996 - see PRN 7474 for further details (BY, 1997).

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT A.B.Sumpter, WYAS 16/07/1986 ASSESSMENT EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH WYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC AGG 13 AP AC 196/20-22 AP WY 97/14,15; 269/25-29 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 54607' AP PVA 4762074-5; 6762035-7; 77:3:7/4

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 39 31

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1066 Page 92 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1067 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Cropmarks of soil marks of short stretch of Roman Road 28b

Compiler Date JD 06 May 2014 RM 11 Dec 2006 VD 14 Jul 2000 BY 27 Feb 1992 VLT 31 Dec 1986

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43700 39700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks Stutton with Hazlewood Selby N.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ROAD Roman century) CIVIL Medieval (1066 - 1550) TOWNSHIP Medieval and later BOUNDARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1067 Page 93 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmark and soilmark of short stretch of Roman road 28b as it turns towards the north-east towards York. A particularly clear stretch with one of the side ditches (to the south-east) showing as a cropmark well separated from the negative mark of the road. A part of this stretch of 28b was used to delineate the ancient boundary between the above-named townships.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 97/16; 225/25-27 AP CUC AMH 35

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433977

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1067 Page 94 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1077 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Soilmarks associated with former woodland, Micklefield

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 11 Dec 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 VLT 01 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1075

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44300 35300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Micklefield Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Uncertain A fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Soilmarks associated with former woodland, may represent recently ploughted out ditches. Also amorphous dark maculae which may represent former bell pits. Prehistoric features (PRN 1075) immediately adjacent may extend into this site.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1077 Page 95 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

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Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 92/33; 96/14,15

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44434533

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1077 Page 96 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1078 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman system and enclosures (cropmarks), Lotheton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 11 Dec 2006 BY 19 May 1997 BY 27 Feb 1992 VLT 01 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44800 35500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1078 Page 97 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Cropmarks of linear ditches and one 'zig-zag' ditch, possibly interconnected visible on aerial photographs taken on 11-7-1984. Photo WY 172/32 shows slight traces of ridge and furrow also (BY, 1987).

1989 aerial photos (AC 194/1-3) show some of the linear ditches to be more clearly part of a probable field system and also include a small enclosure in the angle of two ditches, tentatively categorised as a field corner type commonly found in this region (although this example is perhaps a little large) (BY, 1992).

1996 aerial photos (WY 274) extend the system of linear ditches to the west (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a fragment of Iron Age/Roman system, two rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, and other field boundaries centred at SE 4450 3530.

The field system consists of at least six large irregular fields defined by irregular sinuous ditches. The rectilinear enclosures are located at SE 4460 3547 and SE 4423 3531. The former is situated in the angle between two field boundaries and has an internal area of 0.1ha (44m by 41m). It has an internal subdivision. The latter enclosure is incomplete on the air photographs available. At SE 4436 3546 there is a curvilinear enclosure with an internal area of 0.04ha (22m by 20m). There is a possible entrance facing north. It sits within a large field unit and is not abutted by any field boundaries (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401552)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 194/1-3 AP WY 127/31,32; 172/32; 274/22-24 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401552 AP PVA 4762065

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 45 75

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1078 Page 98 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1079 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman rectilinear enclosure north-west of Galton Cottages (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 11 Dec 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 16 Mar 1993 VLT 01 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6694, 1080, 1062, 6690, 6692

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44110 36710

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Lotherton Lane Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Romano-British fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1079 Page 99 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Two enclosures (shown on aerial photographs) located west of Galton Cottages of Lotherton Lane. The enclosures are flanked on their northern side by a trackway, which would appear to be of contemporary date. The smaller of the two enclosures has an entrance on its eastern side and a possible internal ditch broken in line with the entrance way (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 6694, 1080, 1062, 6690, 6692).

At SE 4411 3671 is a rectilinear enclosure measuring 27m by 24m (incomplete). This enclosure is formed by a 1m wide outer ditch and a very narrow (possible palisade) concentric inner ditch. There is a possible entrance that runs through the eastern sides of both these ditches. A trackway is aligned along the north side (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541' AP WY 85/29,30; 234/15-17 AP CUC AKB 84; BJU 64

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 27

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1079 Page 100 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1080 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Romano-British field boundaries and trackway (cropmarks), Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 11 Dec 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 VLT 01 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1079, 6694, 1062, 6690, 6692

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44610 36890

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Early Medieval or Later (post- RIDGE AND Medieval/Post-Medieval SUBSISTENCE early fifth century) FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1080 Page 101 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Area of ridge and furrow shown on aerial photographs visible on aerial photographs taken on 30-06- 1976. At approximately a 45 degree angle to these agricultural features is a single length of linear ditch of uncertain date and unknown function (VLT, 1987). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 1079, 6694, 1062, 6690, 6692) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541' AP WY 14/9A; 96/10; 234/18

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 89

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1080 Page 102 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1081 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Earthworks to west of Lotherton Hall (Lotherton Hall Estate), Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 27 Jul 2016 RB 30 Oct 2015 NM 04 Aug 2009 NM 11 Jun 2008 RM 11 Dec 2006 KK 13 Nov 2002 BY 04 Jan 1994 BY 17 Jan 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3990, 1094, 1949, 1157

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36000

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) VILLAGE Medieval and later AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW MONUMENT INDUSTRIAL Victorian (1837 -1901) SAND AND Mid-nineteenth century GRAVEL EXTRACTION SITE MONUMENT and/or earlier

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1081 Page 103 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK - DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Fields to the west of Lotherton Hall have apparent earthworks as viewed from Copley Lane. Whilst some of these are certainly attributable to former field boundaries and to quarrying of gravel, it looks superficially as if there may be more than this; could this field form part of the missing village of Lotherton? Aerial photographs add no further useful information - not taken under most advantageous conditions (BY, 1992).

It has been suggested that the village was depopulated with the emparking associated with Lotherton Hall (PRN 3990). Jefferys map certainly shows buildings stretching northwards from the church just into the field considered above. Certainly ridge and furrow survives in the car park to the west of the possible village site and establishing the eastern boundary of this on the ground may lead to the identification of the former village site. (NB:02/01/1994 - the eastern/ northern boundary of this ridge and furrow is definitely observed to be in this grassland and the east/northeastern part of the field may contain remnants of former settlement area. The field at the north end of the site also abuts The Rein (PRN 6904) and an area of cropmarks (PRN 1094).

...... Mapped by NMP and described in the following manner:- Medieval/post Medieval and post Medieval ridge and furrow are visible as cropmarks and earthworks on air photographs in the township of Lotherton cum Aberford. Some areas are no longer extant on the latest (1988) Ordnance Survey vertical photography (Van den Torn 2002)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Photograph, slide WYAS, 1990s. Toft boundaries, ridge and furrow west of Lotherton Hall Desc.text J.Marriott, B.Yarwood, field notes copied onto maps in site record Map Lotherton cum Aberford tithe map and award, fields 125,128 AP WY 49/35,36 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401224' Map Jefferys Survey of Co. York, 1775 edn. AP English Heritage. 11/12/2007. NMR refs: 20733_001-005. AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20860_004-008; 20865_043-054.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 90; 44 43 46 70; 44 43 56 00

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1081 Page 104 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1083 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system north and south of Becca Banks (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 15 Dec 2015 RB 27 Oct 2015 RF 01 Apr 2015 RM 11 Dec 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 RH 10 Dec 2001 BY 27 Feb 1992 VLT 01 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6903, 1968, 10025

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44140 38360

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early INHUMATION Iron Age/Roman AND FUNERARY fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1083 Page 105 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - EXCAVATED FEATURE RADIOCARBON Bone DATING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a rectangular enclosure abutted by a trackway and possibly associated with a nearby field system visible on aerial photographs taken on 18/06/1979. The cropmarks lie both north and south of Becca Banks - a section of the Aberford Dykes system (PRN 6903). The relationship to this monument cannot be discounted, however, the association remains unclear (BY, 1992). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as two Iron Age/Roman rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway.

The rectilinear enclosures are located at SE 4411 3837 and SE 4415 3808. The former is the most northerly and lies at the intersection between two field boundaries. It has an internal area of 0.03ha (21m by 18m). The latter is roughly triangular in plan and has an internal area of 0.06ha (29m by 21m). This enclosure abuts a trackway along its west side. The curvilinear enclosure at SE 4422 3823 is also roughly triangular (though the north-eastern side is curving) and abuts trackway (mentioned previously) on its north-west side. It has an internal area of 0.09ha (33m by 32m). There is a south-west facing entrance near the trackway. At SE 4414 3812 the trackway intersects Becca Banks (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924191) ------

In 2007/8 an excavated trench within the construction corridor of a gas pipeline (PRN 10025) at SE 44105 38225, confirmed an enclosure indicated by geophysical anomalies and cropmarks. Boundaries and an inhumation burial were also found, pre-dating the enclosure. A radiocarbon date from a bone sample from the inhumation (SUERC-34523) indicated a later Iron Age or early Roman date. Excavation to the north-west of the enclosure recorded field boundaries, perhaps created during the Roman period (Gregory et al. 2013, pp117-121).

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION EVALUATION Network Arcaheology 2007/8

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 14/6A; 61/13A; 85/31; 225/28-31 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924191' AP PVA 4762071 Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶pp117-121

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 48 25

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1083 Page 106 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1083 Page 107 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1094 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age or Roman field system and enclosures (cropmark) W & N Yorks

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 11 Dec 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 02 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1095, 1949, 1080, 1081

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44930 36660

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks Saxton cum Scarthingwell Selby N.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early DITCH Iron Age/Roman fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1094 Page 108 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a curvilinear enclosure, linear trackway and lengths of ditch visible on aerial photographs taken on 09/07/1976. These features potentially have an important relationship with the Rein (PRN 1949); site possibly directly related to other cropmarks (PRN 1095 to the south and PRN 1080 to the north-west); they also run into a pasture field with possible earthworks (PRN 1081) (BY, 1993).

1995 aerial photos add no significant new information. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of an Iron Age or Roman field system comprising trackways, field boundaries, ditch, a pit, four enclosures, six rectilinear enclosures, and a curvilinear enclosure, centred at SE 4567 3635. NB: the majority of this field system is actually located within North Yorkshire, however elements are within West Yorkshire (recorded under PRNs 1094 & 1095).

The complex is a rather irregular system of straight and sinuous field boundaries that maintain no overall co-axial orientation. There is a general north-west/south-east trend. Some field units are visible and measure between 67m by 47m and 153m by 54m. Several separate lengths of trackway meander through the field system. Again there is no prevailing axis. The archaeology is broadly continuous over an area of 79ha.

PRN 1094±an enclosure at SE 4496 3658 is located in the angle between two field boundaries and is formed by a single 1.5m wide ditch on the north-west and south-west sides. It measures 0.09ha (38m by 24m) internally.

A curvilinear enclosure, at SE 4543 3677, has a sinuous, but near triangular, perimeter ditch. It abuts a trackway on its north-west side and has a possible entrance at its south-west corner. It has an internal area of 0.07ha (31m by 29m).

A rectilinear enclosure at SE 4534 3664 has an associated trackway abutting it to the west. The northern edge (if indeed there was one) is not visible due to the B1217 road that transects the site. It measures 45m by over 27m. There is a pit to the south-east. (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1402603)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 14/10A; 234/19-22; 247/20 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Report: Unique Identifier 1402603' AP CUC BQR 6; BZO 87

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 56 16

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1094 Page 109 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1095 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age or Roman field system and enclosures (cropmark) W & N Yorks

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 11 Dec 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 BY 19 Apr 1993 VLT 02 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1094

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 45620 36330

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks Saxton cum Scarthingwell Selby N.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1095 Page 110 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a rectangular enclosure associated with a trackway and various length of ditch of unknown function. Visible on aerial photographs taken on 23/07/1974. Site is likely to directly related to other cropmarks (PRN 1094 to the north) (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of an Iron Age or Roman field system comprising trackways, field boundaries, ditch, a pit, four enclosures, six rectilinear enclosures, and a curvilinear enclosure, centred at SE 4567 3635. NB: the majority of this field system is actually located within North Yorkshire, however elements are within West Yorkshire (recorded under PRNs 1094 & 1095).

The complex is a rather irregular system of straight and sinuous field boundaries that maintain no overall co-axial orientation. There is a general north-west/south-east trend. Some field units are visible and measure between 67m by 47m and 153m by 54m. Several separate lengths of trackway meander through the field system. Again there is no prevailing axis. The archaeology is broadly continuous over an area of 79ha.

PRN 1095±(a) an irregular enclosure at SE 4562 3633 measures approximately 0.5ha (83m by 67m). At its north-east corner it is intersected by a rectilinear enclosure (b).

(b) SE 4568 3636 - this rectilinear enclosure measures 0.06ha (29m by 25m). It over- or underlies the corner of enclosure (a).

(c) a large sub-rectangular enclosure at SE 4587 3627 is situated in the angle between a field boundary and a trackway. It measures 0.4ha (64m by 63m). A smaller rectilinear enclosure (d) is located within this larger one and situated in the south-east corner.

(d) SE 4588 3624 - a rectilinear enclosure that measures 0.1ha (34m by 32m). It is situated in the angle between a trackway and an intersecting field boundary.

(e) SE 4595 3620 - a rectilinear enclosure that is entered directly via a trackway that joins its north- west corner. There is possibly another entrance to the south. It has an internal area of 0.12ha (36m by 35m).

(f) SE 4599 3619 - a rectilinear enclosure abutting directly to the east of the previous. It has an internal area of 0.18 (46m by 37m) and a possible entrance in its eastern edge.

(g) SE 4602 3622 - an enclosure to the north of the previous two. It is formed by an irregular ditch on two sides and part of a trackway on the other two. It has an internal area of 0.1ha (36m by 25m).

(h) SE 4529 3633 - a rectilinear enclosure abutting a possible double ditched trackway to the south. The trackway begins to meander to the east of the enclosure. (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1402603)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BQR 8 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1402603' AP WY 172/30,31

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1095 Page 111 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location 44 43 56 64

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1095 Page 112 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1107 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Coal working site, bell pits and quarry, Parlington Park

Compiler Date RF 27 Apr 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 30 Oct 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1008

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42090 35130

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) BELL PIT Post-Medieval INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) COAL WORKINGS Post-Medieval INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) QUARRY Post-Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK EARTHWORK DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1107 Page 113 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Post-medieval coalworks and quarry located within Parlington Park. Both are visible on the historic OS map of c.1894, and possibly visible on the First edition OS map of c.1854.

------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage indentified post-medieval coal workings/bell pits and a quarry as visible as cropmarks and earthworks on air photographs taken between 1967 and 1992 (NB: these photos are held by English Heritage in Swindon - not in the HER). The features are centred at SE 4216 3514 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401439)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401439' Map First Edition OS map (6 inches to 1 mile). 1854. Map Historic OS map (6 Inch to 1 Mile) published 1894

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1108 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Prehistoric/Roman enclosures and field boundaries north of Whitewell Farm (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 26 Apr 2017 RF 20 Apr 2017 RB 27 Oct 2015 JD 12 Mar 2010 RM 11 Dec 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 JM 25 Aug 1994 VLT 03 Jan 1987

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. 661 Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41810 40080

O.S. 1:10000 SE44SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FLINT Prehistoric fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Roman century)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1108 Page 115 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - Find Flint FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

Two large enclosures of differing size visible on aerial photographs taken on 10-7-1985. The first enclosure is a small sub-rectangular enclosure (SE 4183 4008) and the second (of which only three sides are evident) is a larger rectangular enclosure to the north which is abutted on the western side by a length of ditch (SE 4182 4020). A number of other linear features, some of which are attached to the enclosure, may represent field systems (VLT, 1987). ------

R A Croft reports finding flints (1 scraper and 1 piece of debitage) found at SE 419 403 during field- walking of the site c,1975. Finds deposited with the Department of Archaeology, Leeds University. M Thackrah also reports the finding of Roman pottery at SE 418403 (YAJ, 1977). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a polygonal enclosure, rectilinear enclosures, enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and two small quarries. They are prehistoric/Roman date and centred at SE 4181 4035.

The polygonal enclosure (SE 4176 4013) is only partially visible on the air photographs available and measures 55m by 48+m. It is formed by a single narrow ditch.

To the north-east and south-east there are rectilinear enclosures. The northernmost enclosure measures 67+m by 52m and is formed by a 2m wide ditch. That to the south measures 0.12ha (38m by 33m) internally and has an entrance in its east side. There are possibly two further enclosures to the south, however they are fragmentary. The quarries are south of these (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 55050)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING SYSTEMATIC P.Mayes' evening class c.1975 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BJN 66 AP NMR 723 324-329 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1977. Vol 49, Yorkshire Archaeological Register, 1976, pp.1,5 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1973. Vol 45, Yorkshier Archaeolgical Register 1972, p.210 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 55050' AP WY 140/34,35; DNR 1170/12

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 44 10 83

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1108 Page 116 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1108 Page 117 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1123 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Prehistoric/Roman enclosure & field boundaries (cropmarks), Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Oct 2016 RB 27 Oct 2015 RF 08 Apr 2015 RM 10 Jan 2007 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 26 Apr 2002 VLT 04 Jan 1987 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1124

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42120 40260

O.S. 1:10000 SE44SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman-British SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - EXCAVATED FEATURE

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Architect

Description

Cropmarks of a sub-rectangular enclosure of uncertain function visible on aerial photographs taken on 12-7-1972. This enclosure is located within a number of ditches which may represent a field system of Iron age/Romano British date (BY). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a prehistoric/Roman rectilinear enclosure, with associated field boundaries and a trackway, centred at SE 4231 4021.

The enclosure (SE 4208 4028) is formed by a single narrow ditch and has an internal area of 0.06ha (49m by 36m). There is a possible entrance in its western corner. To the south-east there are some field boundaries and a piece of trackway at SE 4253 4026 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 55053).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP CUC BJN 63 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 55053'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 44 20 13

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1123 Page 119 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1157 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name St James's (after 1917), Lotherton Hall Chapel, Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 27 Jul 2016 RB 20 Jul 2010 RB 24 Feb 2010 NM 11 Jun 2008 RM 26 Jul 2007 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 19 Nov 2002 HMG 28 Oct 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3990, 1081

UDP class 1 2 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342233

UDA No. 1200687 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II*

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44937 36036

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth TILE Roman century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) CHAPEL Early Medieval AND FUNERARY RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval or Later (post- CHAPEL 1175 AND FUNERARY early fifth century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CHAPEL 12th Century AND FUNERARY UNASSIGNED Medieval (1066 - 1550) WALL PAINTING Medieval RELIGIOUS RITUAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) CHAPEL Post-Medieval AND FUNERARY Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1157 Page 120 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING - FIND Tile

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Lotherton Hall Chapel (also known as St James after 1917) is an ancient chapel, formerly a chapel of ease to Sherburn. The chapel stands a short distance northwest of the house and consists of a rectangular nave and chancel.

The west wall of the nave is built of roughly-coursed and squared stone, including many quite large squarish blocks. There is a chamfered plinth. The west window is quite small, and has an irregular segmental or elliptical arched head. The gable has a raised coping rising from large foot stones, and is capped by a bell-cote; this has a string course at its base, chamfered above and below, and a single pointed arch with shaped imposts and a narrow chamfer of jambs and head; the bell-cote gablet is capped by a raised coping like that of the main west gable, and topped by a roll moulding. The south wall of the nave shows a variety of fabric types. The lowermost three courses, except at the east end of the wall, are of quite well-squared stone. Above this is roughly-coursed Magnesian Limestone rubble with odd fragments of tile or brick; the angle quoins are of squared limestone, laid in side-alternate fashion. The top 1m or so of the wall is of better coursed stone, much more orange in colour than the rubble below. The south door, close to the west end of the wall, has a plain round-headed arch of one square order, without imposts. To the east of this is a 12th century window 0.84m high and 0.20m wide. East of the window are a series of larger squared blocks in the wall face, seeming to define an irregular joint or rebuilding line. The north nave wall is mainly of limestone rubble, except for two or three courses of larger and better squared stones commencing at the level of the springing of the arch of the north door; above these is an apparent heightening in orangish stone, as on the south. The angle quoins are much as on the south; the lowest block of the northeast quoins stands proud of the wall face on both the north and east. The chamfered plinth of the west gable is continued along the foot of the wall, except for a break midway between the north door and the northeast angle. The only opening in the wall is the north door, opposite that on the south. This is quite large and has a semicircular arch of two orders with a hoodmould chamfered beneath. The chancel is slightly narrower than the nave, but of the same height. It is constructed of limestone rubble. The side walls show the same apparent heightening in orangish stone as the nave, whilst the whole of the east gable, above eaves level, is of coursed buff coloured stone. The angle quoins resemble those of the nave. The east wall has a plain square plinth consisting of large blocks; this is returned along the north wall where a projecting rubble foundation is exposed beneath it. The north wall has a line of large roughly-squared blocks, varying in length, at mid-height (Ryder, 1988).

The internal walls of the chapel has been left bare, except for some areas of old plaster surviving in the chancel; the wall faces are generally of roughly-coursed rubble with a scatter of larger roughly- squared blocks in the centre of the nave south wall. The west window of the nave has an elliptical rear arch; the head of this carries a chamfer but not the jambs, and the sill is stepped. Set against the west wall, immediately to the south of the window is a pillar Piscina of earlier 12th century type. The present chancel arch is a plain square-headed opening 1.7m wide and 2.11m high, with a recent timber lintel; its jambs are of ashlar blocks with light diagonal tooling, possibly re-used from an earlier chancel arch. The wall in which the arch is cut is of similar fabric to the side walls of the nave, and 0.82m thick. The south window of the chancel has an internal timber lintel; its still is stepped and has an infilled circular bowl, presumably a Piscina, at the east end of its lower section. The east window retains its 12th century round-headed rear arch. There are some interesting remains of medieval wall paintings in the chancel. The best preserved sections are on the internal splay of the east window and on the east wall south of the window. These show a pattern of paired red lines simulating the joints between coursed masonry; each µblock¶contains a stencilled six petalled flower in black or dark brown, except for one µcourse¶ containing almost triangular shields at the level of the head of the east window. On the north wall there are remains of a similar pattern upon the internal splay of the window, with traces lower down Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1157 Page 121 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report and further west. The roofs of the nave and chancel are both of some age, although they were restored in the early 20th century. The nave roof has three trusses, one set against the east wall; these have slightly cambered tie-beams and collars, with the principals rising to a saddle that carries the diagonally set ridge. There is a single purlin on each roof slope. Each truss has a single upright strut rising from the tie to collar, set more or less centrally in the two western trusses but rather south of centre in the east end truss. The chancel roof is of two bays, with trusses against each wall. These have king- posts with jowelled heads, with struts from tie to post paralleling the principal rafters. The ridge is set square, and there is a single purlin on each side. The central truss seems to have been of simple principal rafter form; its tie-beam has not been cut away apart from a stub at each end (Ryder, 1988).

John Bilson FSA, who supervised the 1913 restoration of the chapel, interpreted the building as having been constructed in the last quarter of the 12th century. He saw the bell-cote as being an addition of the late 13th or early 14th century; he also thought that the west end of the church was shortened by 1.5m in the 18th century (Kirk, no date). A close examination of the fabric suggests that the 12th century work may represent more than one building phase. The apparent discontinuity midway along the south nave wall might suggest that the west part of the wall represents an earlier nave later lengthened to the east (although the north wall seems of one build throughout its length). Another possibility is that the chancel, or at least its north wall, is of a different build to the nave; this is hinted at by the fact that its north wall is 0.81m thick compared to 0.70m of the nave walls. Bilson reported finding the foundations of an original west wall with its external face 1.47m outside the present gable end. A scatter of rubble is still visible at this point; it is not clear whether this extends over the full width of the present nave, or represents a narrower structure. The present west gable certainly looks as if it has been rebuilt and the bell-cote has the appearance of a medieval feature re-set. The visible evidence suggests the possibility that the present gable is a post-medieval rebuild on an older line, and that the outer foundation represents either a west end that is earlier still or perhaps part of a former bell turret or tower. The nave roof trusses look as if they might be of 17th century date; those of the chancel may be earlier (15th century?). Externally all the walls look as if they have been heightened; this possibly took place when the west gable was rebuilt (Kirk, no date. Ryder, 1988).

The chapel retains a panelled later 17th century Pulpit of semi-octagonal form, set on a moulded circular shaft, with a sounding board above. All other fittings and furnishings, and a few monuments, are either 20th century, or 20th century imports (Ryder, 1988). Owner Public

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT P Ryder 1988 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Wheater, W., 1882. History of Sherburn and Cawood p. 126-7 Guide book/pamphlet Ryder, P., 1990 - Historic Churches of W. Yorks. - Lotherton Hall Chapel, p. 166, 153 Other OS SMR Card SE43NW 7 Desc.text Ryder, P. 1988. Level II Survey Desc.text English Heritage, 2007. Lotherton Chapel. Listed Buildings Online. Desc.text Thoresby Soc. Pub. 26, p. 113 AP English Heritage. 11/12/2007. NMR refs: 20733_001-005. Photograph, slide WYAS, 1992. Lotherton Hall Chapel

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 70

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1157 Page 123 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1179 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 18 Jan 2007 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1182, 1180, 1181, 5765, 5766, 1055, 1019

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40490 34750

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1179 Page 124 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmark of a sub-rectangular enclosure, measuring c.37 x 31 m, with rounded corners and one rather bowed side. Does not obviously relate to any of the surrounding landscape of enclosures and field systems (see group PRN 1182).

1994 aerial photographs (WY 231) show possible entrance to east. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766) (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 135/10,16; 231/1,2,39-42 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634' Desc.text B.Yarwood 1991, Parlington Estate: Prelim.Archaeol.Assessment

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1179 Page 125 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1180 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 18 Jan 2007 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1182, 1179, 1181, 5765, 5766, 1055, 1019

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40910 34840

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1180 Page 126 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmark of sub-rectangular enclosure contained in the angle of a rectilinear ditch forming part of a field system visible on aerial photographs taken on 05-08-1986.

At c.25 x 37 m this enclosure is rather larger than that type defined as field corner enclosures in the West Yorks HER; nevertheless, its ditches are narrow and it may be an unusually large example of that type rather than a settlement enclosure. Closely associated with enclosure complex (PRN 1181) and forming part of a broader landscape (see group PRN 1182). Included in preliminary assessment of Parlington Estate. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766) (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 169/27,29,30; 172/13,15-17 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634' Desc.text B.Yarwood 1991, Parlington Estate: Prelim.Archaeol.Assessment.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1180 Page 127 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1181 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and fields (cropmarks), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 18 Jan 2007 HMG 17 Aug 2001 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1182, 1179, 1180, 5765, 5766, 1055, 1019

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41060 34780

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early ENCLOSED FIELD Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) SYSTEM

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1181 Page 128 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a rectilinear enclosure complex c. 250 m east-west and c. 60 m north-south visible on aerial photographs taken on 23-7-1984. Difficult to interpret in terms of function and no close parallel known in region; two of the more peripheral enclosures are probably of the field corner type, and certainly there are linear ditches attached to the complex which may reasonably be interpreted as an associated field system (see group PRN 1182). It is therefore likely that at least a part of the complex is a focal point of agricultural activity; it is uncertain whether it might have comprised settlement as well. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766).

Up to ten enclosures incorporated into a system of ditches centred at SE 4103 3479 (PRN 1181). Two of these enclosures, at SE 4096 3477 and SE 4101 3477, appear to have been enlarged at some stage (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 135/11,12; 169/24-27,29,30; 172/13-17 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634' Desc.text B.Yarwood 1991, Parlington Estate: Prelim.Archaeol.Assessment

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1181 Page 129 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1182 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system (Group Record), Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 18 Jan 2007 HMG 17 Aug 2001 BY 19 Jul 1995 JM

Group record No. Yes Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765, 5766, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. 712 Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40790 34760

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early ENCLOSED FIELD Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) SYSTEM ARTEFACT Uncertain (all truly uncertain FLINT uncertain allocations)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1182 Page 130 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Group record for a sineous cropmark complex of Iron Age/Roman enclosures, trackways and fields extending roughly for c.1.5km. Individual sections of this complex have their own separate PRN nos (see below).

Cropmarks of an enclosure complex (PRN 1181) with associated field system, field corner enclosures and lane; an unusually large field corner enclosure (PRN 1180) which is also associated with 1181; several other linear ditches extending for c. 0.9 km to west, presumed to be fragments of a field system or land divisions but fragmentary and relationship of those at west end to PRN 1181 is uncertain; also a sub-rectangular enclosure (PRN 1179) whose relationship to all the remaining cropmarks is uncertain.

This fragmented but important landscape is one of a number of similarly complex but fragmented landscapes in this area (see preliminary assessment of the Parlington Estate). This one is topographically bounded to the west by a natural (former?) stream line but it may well extend to north (under woodland), east and south. Four waste flints were found during non-systematic fieldwalk in stubble in August, 1994 (BY, 1995). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766).

To the west is a sinuous trackway leading from SE 4092 3445 to an enclosure at SE 4065 3481 (PRN 5766). This is complete and has an internal sub division.

To the east of PRN 5766 lie up to ten enclosures incorporated into a system of ditches centred at SE 4103 3479 (PRN 1181). Two of these enclosures, at SE 4096 3477 and SE 4101 3477, appear to have been enlarged at some stage.

A fragmentary, curving ditch links PRN 1181 to a coaxial field system centred at SE 4169 3477 (PRN 1019). The fields are on a north south alignment and all measure approximately 80m wide. A trackway and enclosure lie within this system. (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Fieldwalking by B.Yarwood, J.Marriott (30.8.1994) AP WY 135/10-12,16; 169/24-30; 172/13-17; 228/25-28; 231/1,2,39-43 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634' Desc.text B.Yarwood 1991, Parlington Estate: Prelim.Archaeol.Assessment

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1182 Page 131 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1182 Page 132 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1955 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin, Parlington

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 12 Dec 2014 RM 16 Aug 2007 HMW 26 Jul 1988

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1026, 3404, 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41580 37640

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 1st c. AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

As of Domitian. (A.D. 81-96.) Fortuna Augusti. Found March 1979 during fieldwalking on Hillam Burchard mediaeval settlement (PRN 1026); one of two Roman coins from Hillam (see also PRN 3404). Exact find spot unknown; grid ref. approximate. Present location John Smeaton High School, Leeds?

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1955 Page 133 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence Mr. D. Floyd, John Smeaton High School, Leeds (1979)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1955 Page 134 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 1968 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name 'The Ridge', part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge

Compiler Date RF 09 Aug 2016 JD 11 Mar 2010 NM 18 Aug 2009 JD 06 Feb 2009 KK 13 Jan 2003 VD 12 Oct 2001 BY 27 Feb 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1083, 6900, 6901, 6902, 6903, 6904, 6350

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. 31515 Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1018953 Date Scheduled 25/06/2001 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40800 38040

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1968 Page 135 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

This section of the linear earthwork known as 'The Ridge' is part of the Aberford Dyke earthwork. Although the monument appears to be continuous, for Scheduling purposes Aberford Dyke has been divided into six sections (PRNs 1969, 6900, 6901, 6902, 6903 and 6904).

The visible remains include a scarp 3m high marking the line of the bank. This is partly natural but provides a commanding position for the bank, which has been reducd in height by ploughing. The ditch is visible to the south at the base of the scarp for part of its length. The visible section of the ditch is approximately 3m deep, but is partially infilled, as observations made during the construction of a gas pipeline have shown that the ditch is substancial, and that a buried ground surface survives below the bank. The infilled ditch is thought to survive throughout the length of the monument. This section of The Ridge is well positioned to have repelled attack from the south (English Heritage 2001).

There are a number of theoretical models that have been developed to offer possible interpretations of the Aberford Dykes. These models include, that the earthworks were defences of the British Kingdom of Elmet against the Anglo-Saxons in the late sixth and early seventh centuries, were boundaries to defend the Anglo Saxon kingdom of Deira against the Mercians in the seventh century AD and a Brigantian defence against the Roman Empire in the first century AD. There is no documentary evidence for the date of the Dykes, however, and firm dating evidence is sparse. They may not all belong to one period but may relate to a number of different events. The style and construction has parallels in both the Roman and the early post-Roman periods. Excavations at Field Lane (PRN 6902) retrieved pottery from deposits associated with the silting up of the ditch, that was tentatively dated to the Iron Age or early Roman period. This implies that at least parts of the Aberford Dyke System were constructed no earlier than the Iron Age (Wheelhouse 2001, 16), although it does not prove it.

Aerial photographs showing this section of Aberford Dyke reveal possible archaeological features, which may of may not be associated with the earthwork.

The Ridge, together with Becca Banks, is of impressive stature and occupies a commanding position at the top of the Magnesium Limestone Scarp.

The archive material associated with this site is housed in the 'Linear Features' archive file at the offices of the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service - Advisory Service (SMR). A good discussion of the Aberford Dyke System can be found in Wheelhouse. P. 15: The Linear Earthworks in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 2000. A Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1- A1 Link Road (Forthcomming).

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritge 2000 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT West Yorkshire Archaeology 03/06/1988 ASSESSMENT Service EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH Archaeological Services - 1996-1998 WYAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT WYAS, Gledhill, T. and Nichol, 28/10/97 ASSESSMENT R.J.

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 1968 Page 136 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Record form WYAS, Gledhill, T. and Nichol, R.J., 1997. MPP Record Form AP WY 49/31,32,34; 85/32,33; 127/16; 225/28-31 Desc.text Faull. M. 1981. The Post Roman Period Section V The Post Roman British Period in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S.A. West Yorkshire an Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol I pp172- 173 Desc.text Page. W. (ed). 1912. The Victoria County History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire Vol II Desc.text Ramm. H.G. 1975. Notes from - The Aberford Dykes: Lecture to the Conference on Anglian Yorkshire 22-23 November York (Unpublished) Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeological Unit. U.D. Monument No 326 Becca banks, The Ridge and other Entrenchments Map Ordnance Survey. 1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1988. Record Card - Field Visit to Establish Condition of Remains Threatened by A1 - M1 Link Road Desc.text Wheelhouse. P. 2000. 15: 'The Linear Earthworks' in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. A Link to the Past: The Archaeology of the A1 - M1 Link Road pp Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthworks known as The Ridge, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge (SAM 31515) AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20859_057; 20864_007. Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthworks known as The Ridge, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge (SAM 31515) Desc.text Alcock. L. 1954. Aberford Dykes: The First Defence of the Brigantes in Antiquity Vol XXVIII pp147-154

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 48 25, 44 43 08 90

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2161 Page 137 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2161 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Milestone, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 14 Sep 2007 HMW 18 Sep 1989

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 595

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43350 38500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth MILESTONE Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Stone

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Roman milestone, still extant in 1793, north of Aberford by the side of Roman Road 28b which at that point is very high and conspicuous. Area greatly altered by modern roads. Exact find spot unknown; grid ref. centred on area considered likely by OS Field Inspector in 1963. Present location unknown.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2161 Page 138 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Roy, W., 1793. The military antiquities of the Romans in N. Britain, p.110

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2161 Page 139 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2162 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Inhumations at Garforth Colliery, Garforth

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 27 Nov 2017 RF 02 Sep 2015 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 14 Sep 2007 HMW 19 Oct 1988

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1020

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41830 34100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Uncertain (all truly uncertain INHUMATION Uncertain AND FUNERARY allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Bone

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2162 Page 140 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

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Five skeletons - four adults, one child - and one empty grave found by workmen ca. 1918 in the vicinity of the Isabella Pit of the Garforth Colliery in East Garforth. Graves were approximately 1m deep and rudely hollowed out of the sand bed; no coffins mentioned in reports of the finds. All skeletons were weighted with stones on the skull, legs and feet. No apparent grave goods.

The partial skeleton of a horse was discovered nearby. Information contained in correspondence cited derived from an eye- witness account given by Albert Baxter, one of the workmen, to T.W. Crossland. All skeletons were found within a month of one another - first two adult burials found were initially thought to be casualties of the Battle of Towton. These two skeletons apparently re- buried; present location of remaining skeletons unknown, although one of the skulls may have been kept on display in the museum of East Garforth School for a time. May now be in storage in Leeds Museum? Find spot probably exact; grid ref. based on account of Albert Baxter and site visit by Garforth Historical Society.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence J.Rushton to WYAS 8.11.94 - suggests date of above newspaper c.1914. Correspondence T.W. Crossland to WYAS, 18/07/1988; J. Rushton to WYAS, 19/10/1988 Other Cutting from unknown newspaper, xerox in WYAS SMR. Date ca. 1918?

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2162 Page 141 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2323 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Gold ring, Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 26 Oct 2007 HMW 07 Feb 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44500 36000

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) RING second half 9th c. AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Gold

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2323 Page 142 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

British Museum description: Gold ring, plain rounded hoop expanding at shoulders which with bezel are chased with designs upon a nielloed ground; circular bezel with pearled border contains medallion in quatrefoil of Agnus Dei, between letters A and D, and shoulders bear semicircular panels with pearled borders containing animals. Inside ring is engraved legend. Bears double nick on hindquarters of lamb, a metal-working feature rare in the 10th century. Legend inside hoop reads +EADELSVID REGNA (Aethelswith Queen - N being probably a monogram for IN).

Aethelswith was the older sister of Alfred and the Queen of Mercia from 853/854 until her husband's deposition in 874/875. In good condition; edges worn, but inscription completely unworn, indicating perhaps that it was added after the ring was given as a gift to a dependant or shrine. Found between Aberford and Sherburn in 1870. Exact find spot unknown; grid ref. centred between Aberford and Sherburn in Elmet. Went to British Museum as part of the Franks bequest in 1897; acc.no. A or AF 458.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Other British Museum Accessions Register, acc. no. AF 458 Desc.text Wilson, D.M., 1964. Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork Desc.text Smith, R.A., 1912. Victoria County History. pp. 73-109

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2323 Page 143 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2348 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Dacre Flat, Lotheton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 15 Feb 2010 RM 29 Oct 2007 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 14 Jan 2003 HMW 12 Feb 1989

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43690 37400

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT FEATURE MONUMENT FEATURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Possible British place name shown on the Lotherton tithe award map. Not listed in Smith (Place names of the West Riding).

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archaeological significant place name Place name element Dacre Flat -

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Other published work WYAS, 1981. W. Yorks.: an Archaeol. survey to AD 1500. Chap. 13 Map Lotherton Tithe Award (PRO IR 29/43/270) field no. 230

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2348 Page 145 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2387 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Aberford Market Cross

Compiler Date RF 21 Aug 2015 JD 06 Jan 2010 RM 31 Oct 2007 KK 15 Jan 2003 BY 28 Aug 1996 HMW 23 Feb 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43320 37120

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) MARKET CROSS Medieval to late medieval AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material STRUCTURE -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2387 Page 146 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Market cross, originally at Aberford, removed to Lotherton (site unclear) in1644, moved back to Aberford (but unclear if back to original spot) in 1911. Restored in 1911; now consists of original head (?) and shaft, two new sub- bases, and original base. Head ornamented. Post-Norman in date?

The cross was removed in 1644 during an outbreak of the plague and it was brought back after being discovered in a ditch. It was restored to its present position in 1912 (Bennett 1983 p25). Sited outside the churchyard gate.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Other OS SMR card no. SE43NW 1 Photograph Colour prints ex. A.Shackleton-Hill from MPP survey. Publication Bennett, A.G., et al, 1983. 'Aberford in Times Past' p25

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Visited in MPP survey but not recommended for scheduling.

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2387 Page 147 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2486 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Graystone Plain, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 22 Nov 2007 JD 16 Jun 2006 HMW 14 Mar 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42800 38100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Possible site of pre-Conquest boundary stone. The Old English place name element har has two possible meanings - grey/hoar and boundary. Exact location unknown; grid ref. centred on Aberford. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Graystone Plain har

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2486 Page 148 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Other Smith, A.H., 1961. Place names of the WR. part 4, p.98

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2486 Page 149 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2511 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Graystones, Lotherton cum Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 22 Nov 2007 HMW 15 Mar 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 45000 36000

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Approximate location of boundary stone erected prior to 1453. The name Graystones may be derived from the Old English place name element har, which has two meanings: grey/hoar, and boundary. Exact location unknown; grid ref centred on Lotherton cum Aberford. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Graystones har

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2511 Page 150 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Doc.ref. Yorkshire Deeds 1, YAS Record Series 39 (1909), p.108, no.298 (1453-4)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2511 Page 151 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2565 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Becca Hall Medieval settlement, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 10 Dec 2007 BY 27 Nov 1990 HMW 08 May 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1051

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41700 38860

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) SETTLEMENT Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2565 Page 152 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible location of the medieval settlement of Cufforth. First cited as a vill in Domesday Book, name probably derived from Old English place name elements Cuda (personal name) and ford (ford). Modern Cufforth House does not appear on the OS 1st edition 6 map, so probably suspect as indication of location of village site.

Colman states that "...the site of Cuforth is said to have been a little north of the present Becca Hall, to the right of the drive leading up to the Leeds and York road.."; this would put it at SE 417388 or further north. See also area of ridge and furrow (and equally, areas without same) on PRN 1051.

The modern village of Aberford lines both sides of the old A1 and lies partly in Lotherton (cum Aberford) township. This is conjectured to have arisen through expansion (?through economic prosperity derived from trade on the A1?) of a settlement, once wholly in Aberford, into the adjacent township which then added 'cum L...' to its name. In view of the 11th century vill name and the possible centre away from the A1, one might speculate further that the village of Aberford had its origins in a migration of population from Cufforth, leading to the gradual demise of the latter. In this respect it should be noted that there is pre-Conquest stonework associated with the church; if the latter has always occupied the site of St Ricarius church then such a migration may have begun prior to the Conquest (or, the church was established to serve the A1 rather than the original village of Cufforth??). The foregoing is of course no more than speculation. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Cufforth ford

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Other F.S.Colman 1908, Hist.of Barwick in Elmet, Thoresby Soc. Publcn. XVII, p.294 AP WY 75/23,24; 91/35A,36A; 92/3-6; 97/8,9 AP PVA 4762073 Other Smith, A.H., 1961. Place names of the WR. part 4, p. 98 Other Old WYAS SMR card

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44432878

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2565 Page 153 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2729 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Medieval/Post-Medieval Bellpits (soilmarks), Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 23 Jan 2008 KK 20 Jan 2003 KK 17 Jul 2002 BY 03 Aug 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030, 1031, 4992

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41990 33260

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) BELL PIT Medieval or later INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) IRONSTONE MINE Medieval or later INDUSTRIAL Uncertain (all truly uncertain COAL MINING SITE Medieval or later allocations) TRANSPORT Uncertain (all truly uncertain LANE Uncertain allocations) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK - EARTHWORK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2729 Page 154 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Architect

Description

The OS map of 1908 shows small irregularly shaped earthwork mounds in field due east of Sturton Grange farm (SE 424 331). The field is now ploughed flat but aerial photograph colour slides (1970s) show numerous clear soil marks of probable former bellpits. More occur to north-east of farm (around SE 424 335) and to the north (around SE 421334) where there are also cropmarks of (?)prehistoric ditches (PRN 1030).

Further marks of bellpits occur in the rough ground immediately west of the farm complex; it is possible that some of the latter may survive partly as earthworks (for these see aerial photographs filed under PRN 1031). The date of this large area of bellpits is unknown. Sturton Grange (PRN 1031) was a probable monastic grange and this industry could originate from that period. ------

The soilmarks were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. The features were interpreted as probable bell pits resulting from coal extraction of Medieval/Post-Medieval date. A large number of pits are visible spread over an area of over 2 square kilometres. While most are probably post medieval in date, in one area around SE 4080 3395 pits appear to be overlain by post medieval ridge and furrow and may therefore be earlier in date than the others (Oakey, 2004: Unique Indentifier 1143718).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 48/33-36 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1143718' AP AP colour slides, (SMR) Map O.S. 1908 edition 25, sheet 219/7

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 23 32

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2729 Page 155 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2745 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Limekiln Close (place name), Garforth

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 31 Jan 2008 KK 21 Jan 2003 HMW 03 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1018

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42540 31980

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Selby Road Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) LIME KILN Medieval and/or Post- medieval INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) LIME KILN Post-Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Limekiln Close, Middle Limekiln Close, Far Limekiln Close. Possible site of Medieval/Post-medieval lime kiln(s). Apparently still open fields.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archaeological significant place name Place name element Middle/Far/- Limekiln Close lim-cyln

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Place name Garforth Tithe Award field nos. 477, 478, 488

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2761 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Group of four fields called Limekiln Flatt or Little Limekiln Flatt, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RM 31 Jan 2008 JD 16 Jun 2006 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 23 Jan 2003 HMW

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43700 38100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) LIME KILN Medieval, Post-medieval INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) LIME KILN Post-Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Group of four fields called Limekiln Flatt or Little Limekiln Flatt. On the limestone. Possible site Medieval/Post-medieval lime kiln(s). Still mostly open ground, but now cut across by the A1.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archaeological significant place name Place name element Little/- Limekiln Flatt lim-cyln

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Aberford Tithe Award (1847) field nos. 89, 90, 177, 192

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2766 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Lime Kilns (site of) at East Garforth

Compiler Date RF 02 Sep 2015 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 31 Jan 2008 KK 27 Jan 2003 HMW 05 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41660 33940

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Kirklees W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) LIME KILN Pre 1805 INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) BRICKFIELD 19th c

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site of five lime kilns visible on the 1805 Sturton Grange Estate map. On the edge of the limestone.

Not marked on the WYAS Field Name Record Maps. ------

Site visited by Ian Sanderson (WYAAS) in Feb 2001. No sign of lime kilns. Land appeared to consist of poorly re-constituted soil following earlier mining.

......

Ist edition O,S map annotates this as a brick field and one circular structure or earthwork is shown (O.S map), lies to the east of Isabella Coal Pit.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Ian Sanderson (WYAAS) 23/02/2001 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map O.S 1852. First Edition, 6 inch to 1 mile sheet 202 Map Sturton B (1805) E.A. Map no. 9.aB (WYAS/L/GC/MA.37)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2767 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Limekiln Field (place name), Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 31 Jan 2008 KK 27 Jan 2003 HMW 04 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42460 32860

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) LIME KILN Medieval and later INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) LIME KILN Post-Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Limekiln Field. On limestone. Possible site Medieval/Post-medieval lime kiln(s). Still on open ground. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Lime Kiln Field lim-cyln

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Sturton B (1805) E.A. map field no. 46.B (WYAS/L/GC/MA.37) Map Sturton Grange Tithe Award map, field no. 46, 46a Map Sturton A (1836) E.A. map field no. 46.A (WYAS/L/GC/MA.38)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2801 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Hayton Hill, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 13 May 2015 RM 20 Feb 2008 BY 12 May 1994 JM 13 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1083

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44140 38230

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Mesolithic (Post-glacial to c. MICROLITH Mesolithic 3500 BC)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Microlithic obliquely blunted point of blue flint found by M.L.Faull during fieldwalking. Drawing was to be deposited in the Yorkshire Museum, York, where it is assumed the find may also now be.

The location of this site was amended to reflect locations given in Dr Paul Preston¶s 2011/12 PhD thesis which studied Mesolithic occupation in the Southern Pennines. For selected sites Dr Preston ground proofed the locations and others were recorded from both primary and secondary source information.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC M.L.Faull 1975 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT M.L.Faull 1975 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text YAR, in YAJ vol.47 - summary report of find Desc.text Preston, P. R. 2011/2012. Lithics to Landscapes: Hunter- Gatherer tool use, resource exploitation, and mobility during the Mesolithic of the Central Pennines, D.Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford UK

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2802 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Flint awl, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 JD 15 Mar 2010 RM 20 Feb 2008 BY 12 May 1994 JM 13 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1083

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44160 38160

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early AWL Uncertain A fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Awl of mottled blue-grey flint, 35 mm. long, found by M.L.Faull during fieldwalking. Drawing was to be deposited in the Yorkshire Museum, York, and assumed that find may also now be here.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC M.L.Faull 1975 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT M.L.Faull (West Yorks 1975 ASSESSMENT Arch.Unit)

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text YAR in YAJ, vol.47, 1975 - summary report of find

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2803 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Two oval scrapers, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 11 Feb 2010 RM 20 Feb 2008 JM 13 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44220 38060

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early SCRAPER (TOOL) Uncertain A fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Two oval scrapers, one of blue flint, 25 mm. wide, and the other of blue flint with white patination, 26 mm. wide. The YAR record stated that drawings of these finds would be lodged with York Museum.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC M.L.Faull 1975 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT M.L.Faull, West 1975 ASSESSMENT Yorks.Arch.Unit

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text YAR in YAJ vol. 47, 1975 - has summary report of the find

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2827 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Mill Farm, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 24 Jan 2018 RF 19 Jul 2017 RB 15 Feb 2010 RM 20 Feb 2008 JD 29 Jul 2005 KK 28 Jan 2003 HMW 27 Sep 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43260 37300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Cattle Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) WATER SUPPLY Early Medieval or Later (post- MILL POND ca. mid 14th c. AD to AND DRAINAGE early fifth century) 1920s INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) WEIR ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1920s WATER SUPPLY Medieval (1066 - 1550) SLUICE ca. mid 14th c. AD to AND DRAINAGE 1920s WATER SUPPLY Medieval (1066 - 1550) LEAT ca. mid 14th c. AD to AND DRAINAGE 1920s INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) MILL ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1920s INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CORN MILL ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1920s INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) MILL to 1920s INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) CORN MILL ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1920s INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) WEIR ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1920s INDUSTRIAL Early 20th Century (1901 - MILL ca. mid 14th c. AD to 1932) 1920s

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING - DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE EARTHWORK -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Site of watermill of at least 19th c. date, used to grind corn; mill building appears from map still to form part of Mill Farm (marked as Garage), but the (breastshot?) mill wheel was removed after a fatal accident subsequent to the mill's closure in the early 1920s, and the mill pond and tailrace probably now exist only as earthwork features - they are so shown on the modern map but may subsequently have been landscaped.

Documentary sources detail the existence of two watermills in Aberford as early as 1350 - these may of course have existed under the same roof - but there is no absolute proof that this is the site of (one of?) the medieval mills.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Aberford tithe map and award, fld.nos.31,33 Photograph, print Bennett, A.G., et al, 1983. Aberford in Times Past. pp.32-3 Map Jeffreys, T., 1775. Doc.ref. YAS Record Series 39 (1909) p.3 Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR) Map OS 2nd edn 25 sheet no. 204-11

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites notput forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR): Insufficient evidence to assess national importance. Submit for assessment if significant survivng medieval/early post medieval remains confirmed.

Field visit required to inspect standing structure for medieval remains and to cover surrounding area for earthwork remains. I think the buildings may now (1995) be re-furbished for residential use but field appraisal of these and surrounding area still required (HG).

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2839 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Becca Mill (Hillam Mill)

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 15 Feb 2010 RM 21 Feb 2008 JD 29 Jul 2005 HMG 24 Oct 2003 KK 29 Jan 2003 BY 08 Dec 1994 HMW 03 Oct 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1026, 1055

UDP class 2 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42100 37950

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Early Medieval or Later (post- FULLING MILL 14th century early fifth century) WATER SUPPLY Medieval (1066 - 1550) LEAT ca. 13th c. to ca. 1850 AND DRAINAGE INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) MILL ca. 13th c. to ca. 1850 INDUSTRIAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) CORN MILL ca. 13th c. to ca. 1850

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE EARTHWORK -

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Becca Mill, labelled as Hillam Mill on the OS 1st edn map. Not shown on Jeffreys map (1775.) Water-powered corn mill on Cock Beck. Marked as disused on the 2nd edn. OS map; buildings gone from modern map. Both 2nd edn and modern map show extensive earthwork remains of at least 2 leats, one of which runs from a spring to the north.

Site of medieval manorial mill of Barwick in Elmet, well documented from the 13th century. Mill route from Barwick in Elmet cuts through deserted medieval village of Hillam Burchard (PRN 1026). Archaeological significant place name Place name element Ley Mill Field myln Mill Field Ing myln

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map OS 1st edn. 6 map no. 204 Doc.ref. BY to complete AP WY 38/24 (contact print only); 97/2,3 AP WY 42/20-4, 28-30 (contact prints only) Map Parlington (Aberford) Tithe Award map, field nos. 227, 238, 239 Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR) Map OS 2nd edn. 25 map no. 204-11

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44432709

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR): Insufficient evidence to assess national importance.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2896 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Windmill Hill, Aberford (demolished)

Compiler Date RB 17 Jul 2014 BW 19 Jul 2012 RM 28 Feb 2008 KK 07 Feb 2003 HMW 15 Nov 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2898

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43580 36910

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Lotherton Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) WINDMILL 13th c. to present INDUSTRIAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) WINDMILL 13th c. to present INDUSTRIAL Victorian (1837 -1901) WINDMILL 13th c. to present

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DEMOLISHED - BUILDING DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE RUINED BUILDING -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Windmill on Windmill Hill. Now in ruins (aerial photos taken by English Heritage in 2009 show the windmill structure to be demolished, and its mound to be possibly flatten). Marked on Thorpe map of 1822, although it does not appear on the Jeffreys (1775) map. Machinery intact until Second World War, when it was removed for scrap. Possible site of one of the medieval windmills of the manor of Aberford, although the references in Yorkshire Deeds (ca. 1290 and 1419) may equally apply to another mill to the south, PRN 2898. ------

"Some records for Aberford point to what was called a 'Wind Oil Mill,' insured in 1782 for the sum of 800 pounds. the mill once standing to the north east of the village might originally have been used for pressing oil, but no further information on this has come to light. It was long used for conventional milling with four pairs of millstones, though it probably ceased work in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Subsequently it steadily deteriotated, culminating in its complete removal in the 1980s. One author, in 1902, speaking of rather different days, regarded the beautiful countryside around about as a "...hill and vale belvedere" but no mill tower dominates the area now. This mill once possessed a mound around most of its lowest storey, but with a wood gallery probably completing the full circumference. A doorway eight feet wide gave access to the lowest level. The mound gave immediate access to the first floor and to the sails when they needed adjustment. A prominent strong course, once the top of the tower, shows that a further storey had been added. The cast iron cross which held the sails is notable in the photograph." - (Gregory & Turner 2009) ------

"Aberford possessed two corn windmills (PRNs 2898 + 2896) both dating from the eighteenth century. One, situated near to the village itself, was named 'Aberford Mill' and stood up Windmill Lane, which, like the mill itself was swept away by the construction of the A1(M) by-pass road. Built of local magnesium limestone, by 1963 it was described as a 'sad ruin.' in 1822 the miller was Joseph Groves, however, by the late-nineteenth century it had ceased production althogether and the sails had been removed. Following this, the windmill fell into decay and was eventually demolished in 1984.(?)" - (Whitworth 2002)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Photograph, print Bennett, A.G. et al, 1983. Aberford in Times Past. pp. 10, 11 Desc.text Bennett, A.G. et al, 1983. Aberford in Times Past. pp. 10, 11 Map Lotherton tithe map and award, fld.nos.149,201 AP PVA 4762067 Doc.ref. YD. I YAS RS 39 (1909) pp. 1,3, nos. 1,5 AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. AP ref: 20865/036 Map 1st edn OS map. Sheet 203. Surveyed 1847 Desc.text Whitworth, Alan. 2002. Tyke Towers: Yorkshires Windmills, p 8 Desc.text Gregory, Roy & Turner, Laurence. 2009. Windmills of yorkshire, p 94 Map Thorpe, 1822.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 37 52

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 2898 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Hicklam Mill

Compiler Date RB 17 Jan 2014 BW 19 Jul 2012 RB 15 Feb 2010 RM 28 Feb 2008 KK 07 Feb 2003 HMW 15 Nov 1990

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2896

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342242

UDA No. 1300610 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43453 35928

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Main Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) WINDMILL ca. 12th c. to 19th c.- INDUSTRIAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) WINDMILL ca. 12th c. to 19th c.- INDUSTRIAL Victorian (1837 -1901) WINDMILL ca. 12th c. to 19th c.-

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material RUINED BUILDING - DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Hicklam Mill. Remains of tower mill. First appears on Thorpe map of 1822, does not appear on the Jeffreys (1775) map. Possible site of one of the medieval windmills of the manor of Aberford, although references in Yorkshire deeds c. 1290 and 1419 are equally applicable to another mill to the north, PRN 2896. Hicklam Mill lies on the edge of Hook Moor, three-quarters of a mile to the south of the village and still exists, visible from the A1(M) and may be connected with nearby Hicklam House. It is built of of magnesian limestone. The date of its exact erection is uncertain. It is known that in 1822 the miller of Hicklam Mill was Joseph Steel. ------

"Hicklam Mill still remains in Aberford to the south of the village. It has a mound with a basement and three storeys above. There were originally two doorways at the level of the mound. This is an example of an arrangement which proivdes easy access to adjust sails and (probably) tailpole by hand, and a basement to increas storage capacity. In 1817 the Wesleyan lay evangelist Sammy Hick from nearby Micklefield acquired renown when his prayer to God for sufficient wind to grind two loads of wheat for lovefeast bread was dramatically answered. A map published in 1849 shows this as 'Old Mill' and in recent years there has been an attempt to convert the now derelict property into a dwelling." - (Gregory & Turner 2009) ------

Tower windmill, now disused. Probably of 18th century date. Built of limestone blocks. Circular section, tapering in the height. Four stages including basement; on north-west side a low segmental arch for access of carts to basement, above and to the right of this a doorway to the ground-floor stage, and on the opposite side (east) a similar doorway to the second stage; some small windows including little horizontal rectangular ones to the ground floor and square ones above. Top stage of rubble masonry, perhaps rebuilt. Superstructure missing. Now the only former windmill surviving in this parish. (Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List of England, 1986)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Photograph, print Bennett, A.G. et al, 1983. Aberford in Times Past. pp. 10, 11 Desc.text Bennett, A.G. et al, 1983. Aberford in Times Past. pp. 10, 11 Photograph Mr & Mrs Honeyball. 1977. 'Windmill, Aberford' Doc.ref. YD. I YAS RS 39 (1909) pp.1,3, nos.1,5 Desc.text Whitworth, Alan. 2002. Tyke Towers: Yorkshire Windmills, p 8 Desc.text Gregory, Roy & Turner, Laurance. 2009. Windmills of Yorkshire, p 25 Map 1st edn OS map. Sheet 203, Surveyed 1847 Map Thorpe, 1822. Photograph Whitworth, Alan. 2002. Tyke Towers: Yorkshire Windmills, p 8 Photograph Gregory, Roy & Turner, Laurance. 2009. Windmills of Yorkshire, p 25 Desc.text English Heritage. 1986. Listed Buildings Ref: 342242

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 2898 Page 179 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 3097 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b

Compiler Date RB 10 Aug 2015 RM 17 May 2006 VD 14 Jul 2000 HMW 26 Feb 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3096, 3098, 6931, 7326, 7326

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 34250

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks Micklefield Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Documentary - Evidence Conjectural Evidence -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Probable line of Roman Road 28b. Adjacent to fields named as Street Close on 18th/19th c. maps; known locally as the Roman Ridge. Course follows line of modern road, which is raised between 1.0 m. and 3.0 m. above the surrounding ground level.

Archaeological significant place name Place name element Roman Ridge hrycg Street Close straet

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Micklefield (Sturton Grange D) 1774 E.A. map, nos. 231D, 232D, 233D, 238D AP WY 49/29,30 Other WYAS Linear features file Map Micklefield Tithe Award map, nos. 3,4

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433636

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 3098 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b

Compiler Date RF 09 Feb 2017 RB 10 Aug 2015 RF 12 Mar 2015 HMW 26 Feb 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3097, 3099, 1035, 14391

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43220 34580

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Conjectural Evidence - EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Probable line of Roman Road 28b from SE 4321 3452 to SE 4328 3567. Known locally as the Roman Ridge. Course mostly follows the line of the modern road, which is raised between 1.0 m. and 3.0 m. above the surrounding ground surface. east side of agger clearly visible at least as recently as 1962. Course of Roman Road deviates from modern road between SE 4325 3505 and SE 4328 3556 - in the woodland south of the Aberford Road (A642), a well-defined bank c. 1m high survives (1997). There is the possibility of a relationship with cropmark complex PRN 1035 at SE 431 347 - the road line appears to cut the cropmarks. ------

See PRN 14391 for details of archaeological investigation and excavation in 1996 of section of the road affected by the M1-A1 development. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Roman Ridge hrycg

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.Emsley, O.S.Field Inspector 04/1962 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT R.Lewis, O.S.Field Inspector 11/1963 ASSESSMENT EXCAVATION EVALUATION ASWYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Codrington, T., 1905. Roman Roads in Britain AP WY 49/29,30 Other WYAS Linear features file Desc.text Pearson, F., 1936. Roman Yorkshire

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433636

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 3099 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Road 28b

Compiler Date RF 31 May 2017 RM 20 Apr 2007 VD 14 Jul 2000 HMW 26 Feb 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3098, 539, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43280 35670

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Road Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Conjectural Evidence - Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Probable line of Roman Road 28b. Known locally as the Roman Ridge; adjacent to two 19th c. street names (Street Field - SE 4348 3585 and SE 4394 3593.) Course follows the line of the modern road, which is raised between 1.0 m. and 3.0 m. above the surrounding ground level.

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Archaeological significant place name Place name element Roman Ridge hrycg Street field straet

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 49/29,30 Other WYAS Linear features file Map Lotherton (Sherburn) Tithe Award map, (1839) no. 45, 47

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44433636

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 3404 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin

Compiler Date RB 12 Dec 2014 RM 20 Apr 2007 HMW 25 Apr 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN

Cross References 1026, 1955, 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41500 37500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) Artefact Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Coin ca. 140 AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Find Bronze

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Roman coin. Bronze dupondius or as, one of two Roman coins found during excavations at Hillam Burchard (PRN 1026). Obverse: ?Faustina Senior (d. 141 AD). Reverse: female figure.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Excavation, published Moorhouse, et.al. (in preparation) Excavations at Hillam DMV

PROPOSAL

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AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 3990 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Lotherton Hall and Park

Compiler Date RF 15 Jun 2017 RF 08 Jun 2017 MC 29 Oct 2014 RB 16 Mar 2010 NM 04 Aug 2009 NM 11 Jun 2008 JD 14 Nov 2007 RM 22 Dec 2006 VD 29 Jun 2001 BY 16 Jun 1996 HMG 28 Oct 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1157, 1081

UDP class 2 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 2/58, 2/59

UDA No. 1001223. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II*

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44965 36018

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement Lotherton Hall Estate

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CHAPEL OF EASE 12th Century AND FUNERARY AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) DESERTED Medieval SETTLEMENT DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE 18th Century. DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) HOUSE 19th and 20th Century GARDENS PARKS Victorian (1837 -1901) GARDEN 19th and 20th Century AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Victorian (1837 -1901) SUMMERHOUSE 19th and 20th Century AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Victorian (1837 -1901) HA HA 19th and 20th Century AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Victorian (1837 -1901) WALLED GARDEN 19th and 20th Century AND URBAN SPACES DOMESTIC Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) HOUSE 1577 HEALTH AND First World War (1914 - 1918) AUXILIARY First World War WELFARE HOSPITAL MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING - BOTANICAL - FEATURE EARTHWORK - DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Lotherton Hall is primarily a late 19th and early 20th building, with a central section that my date back to the 18th century (Slack, 1984, 170). The hall is sited within parkland and formal gardens (the latter being an English Heritage Registered Park and Garden). The park includes a Grade II* Listed 12th century chapel (PRN 1157) and a Grade II Listed farmhouse (Department of the Environment. 1990, 35-6) and an area of well preserved ridge and furrow. The hall was given to Leeds Metropolitan District Council in 1968 by Sir Alvary and Lady Gascoigne, whose family associations with the area can be traced to the 14th century (Slack, 1984, 170).

Cartographic, documentary and archaeological evidence suggests that an early settlement was located at Lotherton, however, it appears to have been abandoned at some date after the 18th century (see below). The earliest reference to Lotherton is dated to 963 AD when 'luttington' was recorded (Smith 1961, 55). The chapel has architectural features that can be dated to the 12th century and the presence of ridge and furrow to the west suggest a nearby medieval settlement. In 1556 the place-name 'Ludderton' was recorded (Smith 1961, 56). Saxton's map of 1577 shows a large building at 'Ludderton'. A linear settlement called 'Lutherstone' is shown on John Warburton's map of 1720, in the approximate location of the later hall, although it should be noted that neither

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Historic Environment Record Full Report the hall or church is shown. Jeffrey's map of 1775 records a settlement clustered around a road junction and aligned along the south-western running road, where it eventually joins with a church and large house. In comparison with the other settlements shown on the map, Lotherton is a medium sized settlement. This evidence of a settlement to the north of the church and house is substantiated by the location of the main door of the chapel. The main public entrance to medieval churches was usually through a southern door (Friar 1998, 165), however, the main entrance of the Lotherton chapel is on the north side. The juxtaposition of the door suggests that it may have provided a more convenient entrance for the worshipers of the north lying settlement (Weldrake 1995, 6). By the mid 19th century, however, it appears that much of the settlement was abandoned. The Ordnance Survey First Edition map of 1849 shows a small number of buildings clustering around the road junction and the chapel and hall being descrete from these buildings and seperated by fields. During the 1839 Tithe Survey, a field adjacent to the road junction was was recorded as 'Croft' (West Yorkshire Archaeology Service U.D.). An interpretation of 'Croft' is given as 'An enclosed area of land adjacent to a dwelling' (Friar 1991, 97). This interpretation again suggests buildings in the area.

When discussing Lotherton, Bereford states 'An extent of 1359 (PRO C 135/143/9) is of a normal village community' (Beresford 1953, 233) and earlier in the article he describes 'In 1650 the Parliamentary Survey described the chapel here as serving "Lotherton Town" but "no considerable number of parishioners to resort thither". It has all the signs of imparking enclosure but I have seen no definate earthworks on the air photograph' (Beresford 1953, 232-3)

This suggests that a medieval settlement was established at Lotherton, but by the mid 17th century it was in decline. The disscussion concerning the possible 'emparking' is unclear as a settlement is shown in 1775, although it is possible that the emparking took place after this date? It is possible that earthworks described in PRN 1081 are associated with a settlement at Lotherton.

A 1992 publication states that 'By 1086 records suggest that a hall or manor house had been built here [Lotherton]...' (Leeds City Art Galleries 1992, 2), although the source for this reference in unknown. A discussion of the medieval references concerning Lotherton can be found in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S.A. (eds),1981, 440-1).

The gardens at Lotherton Hall were created between 1885- 1914 by Mrs. L.D. G. Gascoigne. These gardens included an early brick-floored tennis court, a summerhouse, a Ha-ha and walled rose garden, further descriptions of the gardens can be found in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England (English Heritage 1984).

Lotherton Hall is a site of high archaeological potential. The remains of a possible Deserted Medieval Settlement may survive in the gardens to the north of the house and to the north of Stable Cottages. It is possible that the earlier hall shown on Warburton's map was supreceded by a later structure. It is unknown as to whether the present house stands on the foundations of the earlier building or if the early hall was in a different location. A possible clue to the location of the hall, is that in other medieval settlements the manorial hall often shared a close spatial relationship with church. The large area of ridge and furrow (including 'S' Shapes and at least two abutting furlongs) to the west of the hall survives well and may represent the best example of a substancial part of a medieval (or later) open field system in the county. A circular mound is shown as overlaying part of the ridge and furrow at approximately SE 44703630. As the church was a chapel of ease, it is unlikely that any burials are located at Lotherton. The chapel has been subject to a number of alterations, which have included the shortening of the nave by 1.5 metres. It was noted in 1995 that rubble of the possible former wall was visible (Weldrake 1995, 6), suggesting that archaeological deposits may survive. In 1995 the archaeological potential of the whole Lotherton Hall estate was assessed by Dave Weldrake (WYAS) and revealed the presence of substantial earthworks relating to the medieval village of Lotherton. These included the major part of two tofts defined by low earthen banks and a substantial area of ridge and furrow. No earthworks were visible beyond the boundary of the estate but documentary work enabled a tentaive layout of the field system to be established (Nenk et al. 1996, p. 293)

Further documentary evidence may survive in the Gascoigne collection, Leeds City Library.

------

The British Red Cross' 'List of Auxillary Hospitals in the UK During World War One' confirms that there was a auxillary hopital at Lotherton Hall during the First World War (1914-1919).

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Historic Environment Record Full Report (http://www.redcross.org.uk/~/media/BritishRedCross/Documents/Who%20we%20are/History%20 and%20archives/List%20of%20auxiliary%20hospitals%20in%20the%20UK%20during%20the%20 First%20World%20War.pdf - visited 29/10/2014) ------Historic Park Register Formal gardens laid out by William Goldring and owner Mrs Laura Gwendolen Dalton Gascoigne probably with advice from Ellen Willmott during the period c 1902-20.

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

There are records of a hall at Lotherton in 1086, and records of a village on the site date from 1356. The Tithe map of 1840 shows that it had disappeared by that time. John Gascoigne of Lasingcroft bought Lotherton in 1540 but little is known of the history of the site from that time until the early C19 when it was owned by Lamplugh Raper who sold it to Richard Gascoigne of Parlington, a neighbouring estate, in 1825. The Hall and grounds passed to Gascoigne's daughter Elizabeth who in 1893 passed them to her nephew Colonel Frederick R T T Gascoigne and his wife Laura Gwendolen, who created the formal gardens. Their son Alvary, later Sir Alvary Gascoigne, presented the Hall and grounds to the in 1968 with an endowment for buying works of art to add to the existing collection. Since that time the Hall has been used as a museum and art gallery and it remains (1997) in the ownership of .

DESCRIPTION

LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Lotherton Hall is situated c 16km north-east of Leeds, c 3km east of Aberford. The c 3ha site is situated in former parkland in an area which is rural and agricultural in character. The gardens are situated on level ground south and east of Lotherton Hall and the boundary is formed by a stone wall on the west side of the approach drive, which runs from the south end of a stable courtyard and extends southwards to the point at which a ha-ha runs eastwards and then curves around to the north side of the gardens. A fence and a brick kitchen garden wall form the north boundary.

ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The principal entrance to the site is via a drive leading south from the B1217, Collier Lane, where there is a lodge of 1906. The drive divides, with one branch leading east to the stable block and the other continuing south and then turning eastwards through gate piers and gates, designed in 1906 by William Goldring (1854-1919), to a turning circle in front of the west side of the Hall. A secondary entrance is via a drive which runs south to the stable courtyard from Copley Lane and this was the principal entrance in the medieval period. Other entrances to the site are from farm tracks.

PRINCIPAL BUILDING The Hall originated as an C18 villa, probably on or close to the site of an earlier building. It was extended to the east during the 1890s by J Osborne Smith for Col Frederick Trench-Gascoigne and to the south and west in the early C20. The household office area was converted to a reception area and the servants' wing to a ceramics gallery in 1970. A late C12 chapel (listed grade II*) stands c 30m west of the west side of the Hall.

GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS The gardens are situated to the south and west of the Hall. On the west side the drive leads up to the turning circle in front of the Hall through lawns planted with specimen trees and shrubs. Formal gardens are situated on the south and east sides of the Hall. Attached to the south-west corner of the Hall is a rectangular paved area called the Terrace, laid out by William Goldring 1902(3, which is enclosed by stone balustrading between stone piers which support urns. Shaped beds are set into the paving. On the east side of this area stone steps lead down to formal gardens designed by Mrs Laura Gascoigne probably with advice from her friend Ellen Willmott (1858(1934). A gravel circle with central circular bed and fountain is linked by a path running east to a rectangular gravelled area bordered by yew hedges and containing shaped beds. The path is lined with clipped yew bushes. This continues eastwards and is bordered by clipped yew hedges which shelter a herbaceous border on each side, and terminates with a summerhouse formed from a pre-1903 entrance to the Hall, which stands c 100m south-east of the Hall. Running parallel to this main axis, and linked to it by paths leading south from the gravel circle and square, are two more east/west gravel paths running between lawns with clipped yews. An aerial photograph of c 1950 (LAC 1989) shows this part of the garden much as it appears now, and a watercolour of c 1900 (guidebook 1992) shows that it replaced a garden with rectangular beds planted with flowers and shrubs.

At the south-east end of the garden, c 100m from the Hall, paths lead east to a shrubbery with

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Historic Environment Record Full Report winding paths in an area shown as a shrubbery on the 1893 OS map. At the south-east corner of this area there is a rock garden called the Dell which has a system of curving paths leading through rockwork; this includes the remains of a water feature and is planted with shrubs. This garden, which originally included a fernery and Japanese garden, is shown on a plan dated October 1906 which is signed by the Gascoignes' agent, T H Prater. It was built in two stages the first probably not until 1912 and the second c 1924 when the water system was installed and rebuilt with limestone rocks (LAC 1989).

To the north and immediately east of the Hall is an enclosed area divided from the gardens to the south by a clipped yew hedge. The north side is formed by the brick walls of a former kitchen garden which are curved in a D shape, with a central recess. This was the site of a heated conservatory, shown on the 1893 OS map, which was replaced by Mrs Gascoigne with a summerhouse, which was itself demolished in the 1950s. A stone seat is situated against the wall at its central point and a path runs around a D-shaped flower bed.

A gate in the east side of this area leads to a garden called the William and Mary Garden which consists of a paved rectangle with a central sunken rectangular pond surrounded by low box hedges. The garden is divided into compartments by low box hedges and contains beds and spiral- cut box topiary. The west and north sides of the area are formed by a continuation of the brick kitchen garden wall. On the east side a low stone wall has a central gate leading to a late C20 lime avenue which is aligned with a stone garden temple situated c 100m east of the Hall. The temple was originally a portico from Parlington Hall, a former Gascoigne family home. The east side of this garden is enclosed by the mature trees and reinstated coppice of Captain Wood which is a strip of woodland running north along the line of the ha-ha. North of this area and divided from it by a late C20 hedge there is a grassed area with clipped yew bushes around a central circular bed. Hedges form the boundary of this enclosure on the north and east side and the restored brick kitchen garden wall forms the west side.

There is an area of grassland between the formal garden south of the Hall and the ha-ha. This was designed by Mrs Gascoigne as an informal layout and planted with bulbs. It has been allowed to revert (1990s) to a wildflower meadow and is bounded on the west side by a flagged path which runs south from the main drive and is lined with trees. West of this are lawns planted with shrubs and specimen trees, dating largely from the late C20. The path runs to a gate at the southernmost corner of the site from which point it continues as a footpath.

KITCHEN GARDEN Extensive kitchen gardens were situated immediately north and north-east of the Hall and laid out after 1906. The garden and the glasshouses within it were largely demolished in the 1960s. The area is now an aviary and is outside the registered area.

REFERENCES

N Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Yorkshire The West Riding (1967), p 356 K Lemmon, The Gardens of Britain 5, (1978), pp 180-3 Leeds Arts Calendar (LAC), no 104 (1989), pp 2-24 Lotherton Hall, guidebook, (Leeds City Art Galleries 1992)

Maps Tithe map, 1840 [reproduced in LAC 1989]

OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition published 1893 [in LAC 1989] 2nd edition published 1908

Archival items [reproduced in LAC 1989] Lotherton Hall Drain Plan, 1896 W Goldring, Lotherton Hall Elevations of Wing Walls, 1906 T H Prater, Plan of the Rock Garden, 1906

Description written: February 1998 Amended: March 1999 Register Inspector: CEH Edited: November 1999 (https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001223) Owner LCC

EVENT

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Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritage 1984 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Weldrake. D./West Yorkshire 1995 ASSESSMENT Archaeology Service

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Leeds Art Galleries. 1992. Lotherton Hall. Correspondence Weldrake. D. & West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1995. Lotherton Hall Park: Assessment Desc.text Slack. M. 1984. Portrait of West Yorkshire. Map Warburton. J. 1720. Yorkshire. Map Jeffreys. T. 1775. A Survey of the County of Yorkshire. Map Ordnance Survey.1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Sheet 204 Desc.text Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S.A. (eds) 1981. West Yorkshire: An Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol 2 Desc.text Anon. U.D. Lotherton Hall Desc.text Friar. S. 1996. A Companion to the English Parish Church. Desc.text Smith, A.H., 1961. Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire Vol IV. Desc.text Department of the Environment. 1988. List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: City of Leeds. Desc.text Friar. S. 1991. The Batsford Companion to Local History. Desc.text Beresford. M. 1953. 'The Lost Villages of Yorkshire' in Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Part 150, pp215-240. Desc.text Pevsner. N. 1979. The Buildings of England: West Riding of Yorkshire. Map Saxton. C. 1577. Saxton. C. 1577. Map of Yorkshire Desc.text English Heritage. 1984. Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England: Part 45 West Yorkshire AP WY 247/15-19; 260/28-34 Desc.text https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list- entry/1001223 AP NMR 20416 (16/Aug/2005) Desc.text Nenk, B. S., Margeson, S. & Hurley, M., 1996, Medieval Britain and Ireland in 1995, Medieval Archaeology vol. XL, p.293 AP English Heritage. 11/12/2007. NMR refs: 20733_001-005. AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20860_001-020; 20865_038-060. Webpage http://www.redcross.org.uk/~/media/BritishRedCross/Docume nts/Who%20we%20are/History%20and%20archives/List %20of%20auxiliary%20hospitals%20in%20the%20UK %20during%20the%20First%20World%20War.pdf

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 70; 44 43 56 00

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Site management (comments) The ridge and furrow at Lotherton Hall should be retained. Trees can be seen in the area of the possible Deserted Medieval Settlement on aerial photographs. An assessment of the possible damage by tree roots may be warranted.

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Primary Record Number 4002 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Parlington Park - deer park

Compiler Date RB 29 Oct 2015 RB 29 Feb 2012 RM 20 Apr 2007 KK 20 Mar 2003 HMG 05 Nov 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 4130, 4129, 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 35500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) GARDENS PARKS Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) PARK Post-Medieval AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) DEER PARK Post-Medieval AND URBAN SPACES GARDENS PARKS Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Ha ha 1814 AND URBAN SPACES

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Documentary - Evidence Earthwork -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

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Description

Parlington Park. Late 18th c. deer park lying between Parlington Hollins and Aberford Road/Hookmoor Lodges. Located by - paled area on Jeffreys 1775, and early 19th c. map refs. Contained within the larger Parlington Estate, which includes the avenued Park Hollins, and Parlington Gardens and the site of Parlington Hall to the north (PRN 4130). Ha ha to east cut in 1814 to prevent deer from straying; altered to railway cutting in 1830s? Exact area of park on western side to be established; see Gascoigne collection, West Yorkshire Archives Service, Leeds, GC/MA 29 (survey of 1817) and GC/MA 1 (estate map of 1773). Establishment of park probably led to the depopulation of Parlington village (PRN 4129.)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text 1990. Historical Research , Parlington Estate - for Bush Consultancy Map Parlington Tithe Award map (1874) field nos. 48,76 Map Parlington A (1817) WYAS/L/GC/MA 29 field no 2A Map Thos. Jeffreys 1775 Doc.ref. Leeds City Archives, Gascoigne collection ... Map Leeds City Archives, Gascoigne collection ...

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 4046 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Flint blade

Compiler Date RF 25 May 2017 RB 02 Mar 2012 By 12 May 1994 JM 23 Oct 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 45000 35260

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) Artefact Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Blade Prehsitoric fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Find Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

White-patinated flint blade 34 mm long, found by M.L.Faull at cited grid ref. Drawing and find was to be deposited in the Yorkshire Museum, York (YAJ 1975 p1).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1975. Vol 47, Archaeological Register 1974 p1 Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4046 Page 197 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4046 Page 198 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4120 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Possible trackway and extractive pits south of Becca Lodge (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 27 Oct 2015 JD 16 Jun 2006 BY 28 Feb 1996 BY 29 Oct 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1052, 10025

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42200 39880

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Early Medieval or Later (post- Quarry Uncertain B early fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) Ridge and furrow Medieval and later SUBSISTENCE TRANSPORT Uncertain (all truly uncertain TRACKWAY Uncertain allocations) INDUSTRIAL Uncertain (all truly uncertain EXTRACTIVE PIT Uncertain allocations) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain DITCH Uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4120 Page 199 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Soilmarks of ridge and furrow and recently ploughed out field boundary. A large amorphous dark mark at SE 4211 3990 could be a filled-in small quarry site (limestone?) (BY, 1991).

1995 aerial photographs show numerous short lengths of cropmark, most or all of which are probably natural; the quality is so poor, however, that the possibility of some archaeological features existing cannot be disregarded (BY, 1996). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a ditch (a possible trackway) and extractive pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4239 3987.

The possible trackway consists of two short pieces of ditch that are roughly parallel to each other and separated by a gap of 11m (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401364)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 175/30 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401364' AP WY 251/13-16

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 29 27

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4120 Page 200 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4122 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Soilmarks of modern cultivation

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 02 Mar 2012 BY 29 Oct 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43300 38500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED 20th Century (1901 - 2000) NON ANTIQUITY Modern

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Soilmarks of modern cultivation pattern.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 175/33,34

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4122 Page 201 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location 44433835

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4122 Page 202 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4129 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Medieval Village of Parlington

Compiler Date RF 19 Jan 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 02 Mar 2012 JD 15 Mar 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 KK 24 Mar 2003 HMG 07 Nov 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 4002, 4130, 1040, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 36300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Parlington Lane Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT early fifth century) Artefact Medieval (1066 - 1550) Pottery 12th/13th c. MONUMENT Domestic Medieval (1066 - 1550) Settlement prior to 11th c. to 18th/19th c.

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4129 Page 203 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Documentary - Evidence Find Pottery DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Possible site of medieval village of Parlington. A nucleated settlement is apparently indicated in this area on the Jeffreys map of 1775 (surveyed 1767- 70) and the arrangement of former open fields, ridge and furrow and a possible headland or track indicated on APs (see PRN 1040,) and medieval pottery recovered immediately to the south during fieldwalking imply continuity of occupation. A tenant population within Parlington township is documented from at least the 14th c., well into the mid. 18th c. This area is shown as crofts without buildings on an estate map of 1773, and marked as part of Parlington Park in a survey of 1817.

Village probably depopulated with the emparking of this part of the estate by the Gascoigne family in the late 18th c.

......

29 sherds of black and biscuit coloured sherds of late 12th century or 13th century date were recovered during field walking in 1974 in a ploughed fiedl by M. L. Faull (YAJ 1975 p8).

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC M.Faull, WYAS 1974 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text WYAS, 1981. W. Yorks. - an Archaeological survey to AD 1500. p.475 Doc.ref. YAJ 38, p.238; Domesday Book; Poll tax retns (1379); Relief Rolls (1352, 54) Doc.ref. Yorkshire Deeds, p.131; YAS MS 404, f.40 Doc.ref. W.Yorks Archive Service/Leeds - GC/E2/2; GC/E2/3 Doc.ref. W.Yorks Archiv.Service/L - GC/EG/3A; GC/EG/10; GC/Ma (acc.1803); no.1, no.51 Desc.text WYAS, 1991. The Parlington Estate, W.Yorks. Preliminary Archaeo. Assessment Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1975. Vol 47, Archaeological Register 1974 p8 Map Estate map, 1773; Tithe Award map, 1849; Thos. Jeffreys, 1775

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4129 Page 204 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4129 Page 205 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4130 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Parlington Hall

Compiler Date RF 19 Jan 2017 RB 02 Mar 2012 RM 20 Apr 2007 KK 24 Mar 2003 HMG 07 Nov 1991

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 4129, 4002, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42250 36050

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Parlington Lane Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) Manor house Medieval DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) Manor house Medieval DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) Manor house Medieval DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) House pre-1730 with post-1730 additions

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4130 Page 206 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Parlington Hall. Possible site of medieval manorial complex. Hall itself may have been medieval in origin. First depicted in Samuel Buck's Yorkshire sketchbook of the 1720s, where it appears as a structure of two stories and 10 bays; three projecting gabled bays give the building a symmetrical E shape. Remodelled and possibly enlarged in the 1830s (although Linstrum says only Italianised, the Account Books of the period refer to the purchase of building materials), presumably as a result of the 6th Baronet's Grand Tour of the 1720s. Several designs for a new house were commisioned between 1772 and 1781 by the 8th Baronet, and between 1810 and 1818 by his heir. Stables were added in ca. 1812 for the 8th Baronet, but no actual rebuilding of the house itself seems to have taken place. Demolished 1950s. Establishment of deer park (PRN 4002), depopulation of Parlington village (PRN 4129) and general improvement/embellishment of estate all appear to have taken place in the latter part of the 18th c.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Linstrum, D., 1978. W Yorks Architects and Architecture pp.32,65,79 ff Desc.text Anon., 1991. Historical Research Parlington Estate. (For Bush Cosultancy) Drawing, sketch Samuel Buck's Yorkshire Sketchbook (repro. edn., Wakefield Hist.Soc. 1979)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4130 Page 207 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4395 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Aberford House

Compiler Date RF 09 Feb 2017 JD 26 Feb 2010 HMG 13 Jan 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43400 37200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) FISHPOND Uncertain SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FISHPOND Uncertain SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY - EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4395 Page 208 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible site of castle (which they call Castle-Cary), the foundation of which is said in Camden (1722) to be located between Cock Beck and the town (of Aberford). Bogg goes further and places it in the grounds of Abbey (now Aberford) House. OS field visit found no indications in the grounds of Aberford House. BY suggests that the fish pond on the eastern side of the property may have been misinterpreted as castle earthworks. The former fishpond is shown covered by trees on modern O.S. Archaeological significant place name Place name element Castle Cary castel

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Waight, E.C., OS Field 27/11/1963 ASSESSMENT Inspector

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Camden's Britannia (1789 - R. Gough) p. 6 Desc.text Camden's Britannia (1722 - 2nd edn, ed. E. Gibson) vol ii, p. 865 Desc.text Bogg, E., 1902. The Old Kingdom of Elmet, p. 160

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4395 Page 209 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4528 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name

Compiler Date JD 12 Feb 2010 RM 09 Mar 2006 BY 10 May 1994 HMG 24 Apr 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7328

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41800 34200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) Artefact Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early SCRAPER (TOOL) Uncertain A fifth century) Artefact Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) STRAP END Anglo-Saxon?

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Find Bronze Find Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4528 Page 210 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Strap end, possibly Anglo-Saxon, and flint scraper found by metal detectorist in the field adjacent to the Weigh House on Aberford Road in East Garforth prior to 29 July 1990. Reported to WYAS in (probably unintentionally) anonymous letter. Sketch of strap end accompanies report. Cited grid ref. corresponds to spot marked on map accompanying letter J.Rushden 8/11/94. Leeds City Museum Report (by Elisabeth Pine) states: This is a copper strap-end, of the sort known in Northumbria at least in the 9th century (pre-Viking). It is of some interest because of the A which occurs, picked out in white; one could suggest that it is intended as the Christian Alpha - and speculate that the counterpart for the other end of the strap could have had the Omega - if the belt was intended for use by some ecclesiastical official. Yet, this is quite uncertain. Strap-end reported found by Deighton brothers of Garforth, who are keen metal-detecting enthusiasts.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence Letter, probably from J. Rushden, to WYAS, 2/08/1990 Correspondence Letter J. Rushden to WYAS 8/11/94 incl. Leeds City Museum report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4528 Page 211 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4992 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Prehistoric Enclosure overlain by Post-Medieval Bellpits (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Jan 2015 KK 11 Jun 2003 BY 20 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1018

Cross References 2729, 4991, 4990, 4993, 4994, 1018, 1028

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42400 32700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) enclosure UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early DITCH Iron Age/Roman fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age/Roman fifth century) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Coal mining site Post-Medieval or later INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Bell pit Post-medieval or later

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark - EARTHWORK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4992 Page 212 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Ploughed out medieval/post-medieval bellpits surviving as cropmarks and earthworks, overlying earlier cropmarks of Prehistoric/Roman linear ditches and small rectangular enclosure.

The bellpits may be a southerly extension of the group east of Sturton Grange Farm (PRN 2729). ------

The cropmarks were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004. The features were described as:

A) Post medieval and possible medieval/ post medieval bell pits visible as earthworks and soilmarks on air photographs centred at SE 4201 3340. A large number of pits are visible spread over an area of over 2 square kilometres. While most are probably post medieval in date, in one area around SE 4080 3395 pits appear to be overlain by post medieval ridge and furrow and may therefore be earlier in date than the others (Oakey, 2004: Unique identifier 1143718).

B) An Iron Age/ Roman rectilinear enclosure, trackway, field boundaries and ditches are visible as cropmarks on air photographs centred at SE 4244 3268. The enclosure, at SE 4244 3267, is complete and has an entrance to the southeast. It measures 24m by 24m and abuts the trackway which runs approximately north-east south-west. Fragmentary field boundaries can also be seen, some abutting the trackway. An 'L' shaped section of ditch to the west at SE 4232 3270 may be part of a large, rectangular enclosure. The cropmarks occur in an area of post-medieval bell pits and some of these directly overlie the features described above (Oakey, 2004: Unique identifier 54705).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 54705' Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 1143718' AP WY 147/26-8; 148/8,9 (taken 24/07/1984)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 12 93

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4992 Page 213 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 4994 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures, trackway and field boundaries (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Jan 2015 JD 08 Jun 2012 KK 11 Jun 2003 HMG 17 Aug 2001 BY 16 Mar 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1018

Cross References 4993, 1028, 4992, 1018, 4990, 4991, 1028

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 32300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds West Yorks Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early ENCLOSED FIELD Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) SYSTEM MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Lane Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT allocations)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4994 Page 214 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Cropmarks, visible on air photographs, have been interpreted as Iron Age/Roman enclosure, trackway and field boundaries were recorded by English Heritage during the Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project (aka National Mapping Programme - NMP) in 2004.

The features were described as a rectilinear enclosure, additional enclosures, trackways, field boundaries, ditches and pits located at SE 4246 3235. A large sub-rectangular enclosure, at SE 4253 3236, is abutted by a second rectilinear enclosure to the south. These are enclosed by a series of ditches. A third enclosure is incorporated into these ditches to the north-east at SE 4260 3243 and a fourth enclosure, at SE 4250 3242, is cut by them.

Two other enclosures, at SE 4228 3232 (PRN 4993) and SE 4263 3227, are external to the central complex. A sinuous trackway runs approximately north south and opens out to the north (Oakey, 2004: Unique identifier 924215).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage) 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record: Unique Identifier 924215' AP CUC BJE 84,85,88-9; BJN 49; BJU 54 (taken 19/07/1972)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 12 93

On record map? No Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 4994 Page 215 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5000 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Flint arrowhead

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 20 Apr 2007 BY 13 May 1994 HMG 22 Sep 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41300 36000

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) Artefact Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Arrowhead Uncertain A fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Find Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Flint arrowhead reported found at Throstle Nest farm. No info. about type. Exact find spot unknown; find date unknown. Present whereabouts unknown. (Find is in area of cropmarks PRN 1023).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Page, J., 1981. Preliminary investig. of cms in...Barwick...(site D) Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5000 Page 216 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5000 Page 217 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5047 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Maze

Compiler Date RF 09 Feb 2017 RB 19 Feb 2010 BY 21 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43490 37430

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) GARDENS PARKS 20th Century (1901 - 2000) MAZE Modern AND URBAN SPACES

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A small maze (rectilinear) is shown in 1890 and still on modern O.S., situated in garden/parkland but cannot easily discern to which property it might belong.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5047 Page 218 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Map O.S. 25 sheet 204/11 (re-surveyed 1890, revised 1906) Map O.S. 25 SE 4337 (modern)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5047 Page 219 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5051 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Dry valley in cropmark complex

Compiler Date RF 19 Jan 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 19 Feb 2010 HMG 23 Jul 2009 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 29 Jul 2005 BY 15 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1045, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 37400

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PALAEOENVIRONM Uncertain A fifth century) ENTAL SITE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BOTANICAL FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5051 Page 220 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

A dry valley situated in an extensive cropmark landscape; a potential site for preservation and recovery of molluscan remains especially if there has been a steady accumulation of soil in the valley bottom due to continual ploughing of the valley slopes. Such evidence may be of relevance to the landscape contemporary with the cropmarks.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR). Desc.text SMR card

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR): This area with no surviving cropmarks probably retains the best surviving deposits related to the surrounding cropmark areas and is thus potentially nationally important. However, without evidence of survival, nature or extent of these potential deposits designation is impossible. Possibly re-submit when further information is available.

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5051 Page 221 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5052 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure and field system (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 19 Jan 2017 RB 29 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 HMG 22 Jul 2003 BY 20 May 1997 BY 15 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5053, 1037, 5054, 1055, 1039, 1042, 1060, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42360 35410

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) Ridge and furrow Medieval SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5052 Page 222 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Cropmarks and soilmarks of small enclosures with associated ditches visible on aerial photographs. Likely to be a continuation of the cropmarks recorded in PRN 5053 to the south-east and PRN 5054 to the north. Includes traces of medieval field system (BY, 1993).

1996 aerial photos add much detail in this area, including a broad ditched square enclosure with a sub-triangular annexe on its west side and associated linear ditches to south and east. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

West of the trackway the fields are more fragmentary and few whole units are visible, but between SE 421 353 and SE 427 352 the widths of at least five fields can be discerned (PRNs 5052 & 5053). Most of the enclosures are also located in this area. Measuring between 75m and 110m these fields are somewhat narrower than those recorded to the east.

(PRN 5052) rectilinear enclosure at SE 4246 3541 - 23m by 20m. This roughly square enclosure has a pit located (internally) near to its north and south corners. At SE 4231 3538 another enclosure measures 60m by 28m. This appears to have a field boundary forming its east side. It is linked via a short field boundary to another rectilinear enclosure. This final enclosure is at SE 4223 3540 and measures 57m by 48m. This enclosure is formed by a single narrow ditch possibly with an east- facing entrance. A field boundary forms its west side. Adjacent, and also abutting the aforementioned field boundary, there is a roughly triangular curvilinear enclosure measuring 41m by 40m. Abutting to the south there is a possible annexe enclosure that extends the main enclosure in this direction by 8m. This latter feature has a south-facing entrance. (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP AC 176/24-27 AP WY 92/24,25; 96/17-26; 97/19,22,25-7,29,30; 104/6-8,13-16; 112/38 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186' AP WY 270/11,12; 272/32,33; 281/30,31

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 25 65

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5052 Page 223 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5053 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field system (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 29 Oct 2015 JD 08 Jun 2012 RM 20 Apr 2007 HMG 06 Aug 2003 KK 08 Aug 2002 BY 15 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5052, 1039, 1055, 5054, 1042, 1060, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42720 35320

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Field boundary Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain Ditch Uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5053 Page 224 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

A fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, an annexe enclosure, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, are visible as cropmarks on air photographs taken on 06/06/1983 (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

West of the trackway the fields are more fragmentary and few whole units are visible, but between SE 421 353 and SE 427 352 the widths of at least five fields can be discerned (PRNs 5052 & 5053). Most of the enclosures are also located in this area. Measuring between 75m and 110m these fields are somewhat narrower than those recorded to the east.

(PRN 5053) rectilinear enclosure at SE 4272 3529 - 34m by 30m. Formed by a single narrow ditch with a north-east facing entrance. Field boundaries abut it to the south and here it is also crossed by a ditch of uncertain date. A field boundary abutting its north-west corner leads to another rectilinear enclosure located at SE 4264 3533 which measures 28m by 23m. Field boundaries abut its west, north, and east corners. (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 92/23,27; 96/19,27; 104/9-12 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 25 65

On record map? No Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5053 Page 225 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5054 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosures and field boundaries (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 19 Jan 2017 RB 29 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 BY 20 May 1997 BY 05 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5052, 1055, 1042, 1060, 1039, 5053, 1021

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 35770

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) Ridge and furrow Medieval SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5054 Page 226 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks showing a possible continuation of the prehistoric features already recorded to the south (PRN 5052); also visible is a medieval field system (BY, 1993)

1996 aerial photographs (WY 281) add a small sub-rectangular enclosure and associated ditches at SE 425 357 (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman rural landscape comprising of fields, a pit alignment, trackway, and several rectilinear and curvilinear enclosures, and other ditches and pits of uncertain date, centred at SE 4279 3580. This landscape is recorded under several HER nos. ±PRNs 1042, 1060, 1039, 5054, 5053, 5052 & 1021±and may be related to other Iron Age/Roman cropmark complexes recorded to the north-west.

The main axial element is a possible trackway running approximately north/south in straight sections and at least two slight changes of orientation. The trackway is visible between SE 4292 3619 and SE 4285 3545 as two parallel ditches (PRNs 1042, 1039 & 1060). Similar sections of parallel ditch abut the trackway from the east and west.

(PRN 5054) rectilinear enclosure at SE 4250 3574 - 29m by 24m. To the south-west it is abutted by a partially visible curvilinear enclosure (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 924186)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 188/24 (film no. to be checked) Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 924186' AP WY 281/28,29

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 25 65

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5054 Page 227 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5061 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Grange Mill

Compiler Date JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 12 Jun 2003 BY 18 Dec 1992

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1949, 1947

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44800 37750

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks Saxton cum Scarthingwell Selby N.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) WATER SUPPLY Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Leat Post-medieval and AND DRAINAGE earlier INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Corn mill Post-medieval and earlier INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Oil mill Post-medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5061 Page 228 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site of Grange Mill, located in Saxton cum Scarthingwell township North Yorkshire, and marked on the OS first edition map surveyed in 1845-7 (sheet 204). The mill had an associated race which runs westwards into the Lotherton cum Aberford township, West Yorkshire. The race appears to be extant. Strucutres within the vicinity of Within the vicinity of the mill on the first edition map include an oil mill. Both mills are shown as disused by the time of the 1906 OS map. The mill premises were located north of a section of the Aberford Dyke system known as 'South Dyke' and a section further south known as the Rein.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map Ordnance Survey., 1906, 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204SE Map Ordnance Survey., 1845-7 First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5061 Page 229 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5172 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Cropmarks of linear ditches and enclosures (N and W Yorks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RB 27 May 2011 JD 16 Aug 2006 KK 08 Aug 2002 BY 30 Apr 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 46300 35500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Huddleston with Newthorpe Selby N.Yorks. Saxton cum Scarthingwell Selby N.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) CIVIL Medieval (1066 - 1550) Township boundary Medieval and later MONUMENT allocations) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT allocations) ENCLOSURE MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5172 Page 230 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of the ancient township boundary between Saxton cum Scarthingwell and Huddleston with Newthorpe visible on aerial photographs taken on 08-08-1986. A boundary ditch is evident running roughly parralel with the access road to Coldhil farm. The boundary is also associated with a number of other linear features (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as several linear ditches, field boundaries, an enclosure, rectilinear enclosures, a rectangular enclosure, and a curvilinear enclosure of uncertain date, centred at SE 4601 3555. NB: the majority of these cropmarks are located over the border in North Yorkshire, although some fragments are within West Yorkshire.

The enclosures are located at:

(a) SE 4534 3563 - an enclosure that is roughly triangular in plan. A field boundary forms its north- east side. It has an internal area of 0.08ha (33m by 31m).

(b) SE 4615 3543 - a rectangular enclosure that measures 0.13ha (41m by 32m) and has field boundaries abutting it on its west and east corners. It is possible that these field boundaries would join to form a larger outer enclosure.

(c) SE 4572 3551 - this possibly sub-oval enclosure is only partially visible on the air photographs available (the east side enters into darker vegetation and the ditch loses contrast). It is formed by a single ditch between 1m and 3m wide and appears to end in a terminal at its northern extent. It has internal dimensions of 35m by over 47m.

(d) SE 4626 3539 - this last enclosure is only partially visible on the air photographs available. It measures 60m by over 37m.

There is no direct association between the field boundaries and ditches and the enclosures (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1402638)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 177/6 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1402638'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 65 35

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5172 Page 231 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5177 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman rectilinear enclosure and field boundaries (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 28 Oct 2015 JD 08 Jun 2012 JD 22 Jul 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 KK 18 Jun 2003 BY 21 May 1997 BY 04 May 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 1025, 1022, 1044, 6698, 1023, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41000 36130

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early PIT Iron Age/Roman fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5177 Page 232 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

Located amongst a wider landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and a rectangular enclosures are visible as cropmarks on air photographs taken on 11-02-1989. The enclosure which is aligned east to west has an internal division (running north to south appended to which is a curvilinear ditch. A number of pits, which are potentially contemporary with the enclosure, are also represented by cropmarks. On the north eastern corner of the enclosure is a linear ditch. North of the enclosure is a cropmark of a field boundary ditch and what could potentially be a large enclosure ditch (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields.

PRN 5177±there is a rectilinear enclosure at SE 4097 3610 - 0.1ha (39m by 26m). It is internally subdivided into three units and has several pits within it (these pits are possibly contemporary). A field boundary abuts the north-east corner (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 169/16,17; 269/3 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509' AP AC 176/29-31,33

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 16 01

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5177 Page 233 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5196 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Terminus and Coal Staithes on Aberford to Garforth Railway

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 24 Aug 2006 JD 23 Aug 2006 JD 17 Aug 2006 KK 18 Jun 2003 JM 13 Jul 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7600, 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 36800

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) COAL DEPOT 1834 TRANSPORT Victorian (1837 -1901) RAILWAY SIDING 1865 TRANSPORT Victorian (1837 -1901) RAILWAY 1852 TRANSPORT SITE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5196 Page 234 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Terminus and coal staithes of the Garforth to Aberford railway at Aberford. The line of the railway was surveyed in 1833 and constructed between 1837 and 1839 as a branch off from the Leeds and Selby Railway line (Hudson, 1971, p.95). The Aberford Railway served as a link between Aberford coal depot and the Garforth coal pits but also carried passengers. The railway was initially constructed as a horse powered line.This line closed in c.1840 after facing insummountable competition from three horse busses carrying people direct (not stopping at Garforth) from Aberford to Leeds (Hudson 1971, p.109).

The line was, however re-opened for passengers in 1850 (for local travel only) and in 1865 a siding for sixty wagons was laid at the terminus at Aberford (Hudson 1971, p.122). The station was, however, deemed unsatisfactory. A new station was constructed in 1865 by the North Eastern Railway (the successor to the L & S). Locomotives were first run on the line in c.1851 (Hudson, 1971, p.120).The Railway was closed in March 1924, when omnibuses became the prefered means of travel (Hudson, 1971, p.145).

The first edition OS map surveyed in 1845-7 clearly shows the coal depot, residences, stables and kitchen. There are, however, no apparent coal staithes, sidings, station (or passenger shed). None of these buildings are ahown on the subsequent editions of 1890 and 1909. Hudson (1971, p. 131) states, however, that although the shed and sidings were not shown on the OS map surveyed in 1909 they were certainly on the site by this time.

It would appear that from the analysis of current OS mapping that some of the structures original to the site, including the Depot House and coal staithes etc. are still present. Hudson (1971, p. 155) records that at that time 'coal yard' acted as a depot for lorries of Aberford Gravels Ltd. and the managers house (? Depot House) was also apparently little changed.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Hudson, 1971, Garforth Collieries and Aberford Railway Map Ordnance Survey., 1845-7 First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Map Ordnance Survey., 1890 Second Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204SE Map Ordnance Survey., 1909 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204SE

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5196 Page 235 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5223 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Galliard Quarry and Iron Age/Roman cropmarks

Compiler Date RB 27 Oct 2015 RF 08 Jul 2015 RB 13 Feb 2012 RM 28 Feb 2007 JD 16 Jun 2006 HMG 22 Jul 2003 KK 20 Jun 2003 BY 25 Nov 1993

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5143, 4354, 4355, 4356, 7346, 7465, 7346, 14506

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42970 40000

O.S. 1:10000 SE44SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Stutton with Hazlewood Selby N.Yorks. Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD BOUNDARY Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) Quarry Post-Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork - CROPMARK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5223 Page 236 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Galliard quarry, possible dyke - it is a matter of speculation that there was formerly a continuous major dyke from the complex just north of Spen Common Lane (PRN 5143 - where it is visible as a broad cropmark ditch) whence it runs SSW to this feature near Bramham crossroads. If correct, this feature and its relationship to the several east-west Roman roads in the vicinity and to the remaining cropmark landscape will be of paramount importance. See also suggestive place names to the north (PRNs 4354,4355,4356). The 1st edition 6 inch OS sheet 204 marks a galliard quarry south of the York road and in line with this crop mark; a second 'Old Quarry - Galliard' occurs to the north-east on the east side of the A1 (BY, 1993). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage recorded earthworks relating to a post-medieval quarry as visible air photographs centred at SE 4303 4017. The quarry is 680m long and no more than 20m wide. It is partially recorded as 'Galliard Quarry' on the First Edition map of 1849 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401368)

English Heritage also recorded as a small oval enclosure or pit and field boundaries of uncertain date, centred at SE 4298 3988 (just to the south of the quarry). The enclosure is formed by a single narrow ditch measuring 11m by 7m. There is a possible entrance in the north-east quadrant. To the north and south-west there are field boundaries (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401372) ------

The cropmarks of the oval enclosure and field boundaries fell within the compound for the construction of the Asselby to Pannal gas pipe line sited to the north of the pipeline corridor at the A46/A1 junction. As such, in 2007, they were the subject of a geophysical survey, evaluation excavation and open area excavation undertaken by Network Archaeology (see PRN 14506).

In the open area excavation the earliest feature identified was a slightly curving linear boundary formed by two separate segments of ditch with a gap of c. 45m between them. The east-west aligned section of this boundary was defined by a substantial ditch ranging from 1.6m to 4m in width and a maximum depth of 0.95m. This boundary was filled by natural silting over time. A rectilinear enclosure c. 49m across was formed by a ditch with a maximum width of 2.8m and depth of c. 0.6m. No secure archaeological features were identified within the interior of the enclosure. Slight evidence was found from the fill of the ditch to suggest the iron-working nearby. A single hand forged nail and small fragments of slag and fired clay were recovered from the fills of the ditch and from the upper fill of the earlier boundary.

No date is given for this activity but may date to the Iron Age and or Romano British periods.

For further details please see Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline 2007-8¶pp 122-124.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Network Archaeology 2007

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5223 Page 237 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401368' Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401372' AP WY 97/13; 123/4; 137/3,4 Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶pp 122-124. AP CUC UE/65; ZX/92,93 Report BHWB, Dennison, E., 2003. 'A1 Bramham to Wetherby Upgrading Scheme Cultural Heritage' vols 1 and 2 Map O.S 1849. First Edition, 6 inch to 1 mile sheet 204

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 44 30 14

On record map? No Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5404 Page 238 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5404 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Anti-Aircraft Battery, Brierlands Lane, Sturton Grange (overbuilt)

Compiler Date RF 21 Jan 2016 RB 04 Nov 2015 RB 02 Feb 2015 KRL 19 Aug 2013 JD 29 May 2009 RM 13 Oct 2006 RIS 21 May 1996 RIS 27 May 1994

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030, 5405, 5406, 5407, 5408, 5718, 6366, 7328

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42050 33950

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Brierland Lane Settlement Garforth

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - POWER 1942-43 1945) GENERATION SITE DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - GUN 1942-43 1945) EMPLACEMENT DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - COMMAND POST 1941 1945)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DEMOLISHED BREEZE BLOCK CONCRETE STRUCTURE

Site condition as last known destroyed Height OD Area (ha.)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5404 Page 239 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Drift Geology Architect

Description

World War II Heavy Anti-aircraft battery, ref. no H25 for defence of Leeds Gun Defended Area. Typical plan very clearly mapped on 1: 2500 map- comprising 4 circular gun emplacements and 2 (later), square gun emplacements. Also central gun control building and associated works.

Visited RIS (WYAS) 8/7/94: majority of site survives although some collapse in places: access down Brierlands Lane. Site now rough ground, used as a motorcycle track (unofficially?), some dumping. Three circular concrete and breeze-block gun emplacements survive to a height of c.1.8m. Each to uniform pattern c.9m. diameter, with two shelters opposite each other in the gunpit, and with 6 alcoves of uniform size (possibly ammunition lockers). The shelters have a lobby leading into a room. The most northerly gun emplacement had gone as had the structure to the south east of the complex marked on 1960 1:2500 map. - v. similar in plan to enclosure still surviving below - probable later additional gun emplacement for a 3.7in. gun (info. from R. Thomas 18/7/94). The control post survives as a single storey semi-sunken E-shaped concrete and breeze-block building, sub-divided into various rooms internally.

To SW of gun control post there is c.15m. square - sided enclosure with various shelters built internally against the walls. Walls c.1.2m. high in breeze-block. Central area had remains of large (c. 4 high) screw threaded bolts embedded centrally in concrete in a (semi?) circular pattern. Probably a later gun emplacement when battery up-gunned and 2 additional guns added. (The other gun emplacement seen on the map to SE of main battery is no longer there.) C. 100m. NW of gun complex there is a 1.1/2 storey brick-built building c.8m. long x 2m. wide and with doorway central in one of the long sides and with a window/hatch directly opp. door in other long face of building at chest height. Possibly ammunition store for site. Possibly unconnected to site. N.B. Site likely to overlie IA/RB features - see PRN 1030 (APs stored at 44 43 23 16, some of which also show the military site though not in detail). Alan Rudd: says site known as Leeds K - photographs of site in use at Imperial War Museum (photo ref. H8261 - H8275), but I think Leeds K is PRN 6394. Note: the site may have been used in World War I as the site of an anti- aircraft gun, see PRN 6366. Mentioned sources P.R.O.: 22/6/1942 described as unarmed; 23/11/1945 - 4 x 3.7in. Mk VI guns and No.3 Mk V radar.

Retained as Post-War Nucleus site, guns not retained on site. Subject of Planning application- see file P/L/1995/5 -further damage to site. ------

The heavy anti-aircraft battery on Brierlands Lane, Garforth was the subject of a photographic survey and building report by WYAS Historic Building Recording Services in 1998. This survey was undertaken prior to site re-development for housing (planning details currently not available). The photographic slides relating to this report are held by WYAAS (WYAS Report 589. 1998. 'Brierlands Lane: WWII anti-aircraft battery'). The report contains copies of the photographs and site plan and feature plans with sections.

The survey identified four key features:

- Command post. Semi-sunken structure (19m by 10m) protected by earth bank. Breeze block construction with 'I'-sections pre-cast concrete joists for the roof. Included the plotting room, telephone room, rest rooms and boiler room with external entrance.

- Brick building. Oddly shaped brick building (9.5m by 2.5 externally). Formerly gabled. The presence of the vents and an exhaust system indicate the hut may have held a back-up power generator.

- Gun emplacement 1. One of three surviving circular gun emplacements. The emplacements are built with breeze block walls with 'I'-sections pre-cast concrete joists for the roof. There is a single entrance leading to the gun pit (9.5m) with a series of recesses used as ammunition lockers. Two rectangular shelters (2.2m by 4.6m) are situated opposite each other on the outside of the placement. Access to the gun pit is thorough two staggered blast doors. Two other surviving gun emplacements are of the same.

- Gun emplacement 2. One of the surviving square gun emplacements (the second was destroyed by the time of survey). The wall are of double breeze block. The gun pit measures 12.7m by 12.7m

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Historic Environment Record Full Report with the entrance in the north-east corner. Four ammunition lockers are positioned centrally to each wall. In the centre of the gun pit is a circular base and instrument mounting position for a gun holdfast. On the north elevation of the gun pit is a partially-sunken combined shelter and instrument mounting position.

In the conclusion, the report refers to the 1960 O.S. 1:2500 map which describes four circular gun emplacements, two square gun emplacements and centrally placed a command post. Service roads linked the features. An open rectangular structure may have been the location of the radar platform.

The circular gun emplacements are of the DFW 55414 (Directorate of Fortifications and Works) design dating to 1942. The square gun emplacements are probably based on DFW 554883/1 design from 1943. The gun holdfast is a AA mounting No. 2B, Mk 1, first used in 1942. The command post is probably a DFW 55402 dating form 1941. ------

Current mapping shows the site as developed with housing (OS Master Map 2011).

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT RIS - WYAS SMR 08 07 1994 ASSESSMENT BUILDING SURVEY DRAWN AND WYAS Historic Building 1998 PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY Recording Services

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence Letter A. Rudd (FSG) 4/5/95 AP WY 245/8-10 Correspondence Printed list, supplied C.Dobinson (C.B.A.), 29/11/95 Correspondence Telecon R.Thomas (RCHME) 22/2/94 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1067554' Correspondence Telecon A. Rudd (FSG) 19/4/95 Report WYAS Historic Building Recording Services. 1998. 'World War II anti-aircraft battery, Brierlands Lane, Garforth, Leeds. Building report and photographic survey' Photograph, slide WYAS Report 589. 1998. 'Brierlands Lane: WWII anti-aircraft battery' Drawing, plan WYAS Historic Building Recording Services. 1998. 'World War II anti-aircraft battery, Brierlands Lane, Garforth, Leeds. Building report and photographic survey' Map OS Master Map 2011

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 23 16

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5418 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Prehistoric/Roman Settlement south of Park House, Parlington Hollins

Compiler Date RB 04 Nov 2015 RF 11 Mar 2015 LB 17 Sep 2012 LB 06 Aug 2012 RB 08 Jun 2011 JD 11 Mar 2010 RM 31 Mar 2008 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 09 Mar 2006 HMG 17 Aug 2001 BY 22 Jun 1994

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7328, 1055, 8416, 7464, 7465

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42300 34500

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT MONUMENT MONUMENT century) MONUMENT century) AGRICULTURE AND Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ENCLOSED FIELD Roman SUBSISTENCE century) SYSTEM MONUMENT century) Artefact Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Pottery Roman century) MONUMENT century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth GRAVE middle Roman period AND FUNERARY century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth CREMATION PIT middle Roman period AND FUNERARY century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth GRAVE Late Roman period AND FUNERARY century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN middle-late Roman century) period Artefact Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth Tile Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Concentration of late 3rd/4th-century Roman pottery including Huntcliffe ware, late 3rd-century grey wares, colour coated wares and tile. Situated in SE 423 345 and 423 344 along the top and eastern slope of a slight ridge. Identified as part of preliminary assessment of proposed A1-M1 link road and material not recovered (BY, 1994). ------

Geophysical surveys in 1995 identified anomalies over a 5ha area east of the A642 indicative of complex enclosures with internal features. An investigation was carried out in four phases ahead of the construction of the M1-A1 Link Road in 1996. Trial trenching identified a multi-phased sequence of Romano-British boundaries, which have been interpreted as relating to a villa site, and a crouched inhumation. An area of 3.53 ha was then stripped and the central part of the road corridor (to facilitate the construction of a temporary haul road) excavated (see PRN 7464 and 7465).

For more detailed information on the results of the excavations here please see PRN 7464 and refer to the publication Holbrey, R. and Burgess, A. 2001 Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp83-105 ------

Aerial photographs taken on 03-08-1996 show the cropmark features being excavated by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service (WYAS) ahead of the M1-A1 Link Road construction.

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as an Iron Age/ Roman ditch and pits and Roman enclosures, field boundaries and ditches centred at SE 4227 3456.

Three conjoined, sub-rectangular enclosures are visible at SE 4232 3451 aligned along a wide ditch. They measure 25m by 43m, 30m by 47m and 31m by 50m and the southernmost has internal features. A number of ditches can be seen aligned with or perpendicular to the enclosures, some of which are field boundaries. Most of these features were mapped from photographs of the excavation of this site which dated the features (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400591)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY WYAS 1995 EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH WYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence M.Lakin (N.Arch.Associates), letter and map of 20/5/1994 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400591' AP WY 237/21-23 Publication Holbrey, R. & Burgess, A. 2001 Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' 83-105

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 24 14

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5765 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RM 20 Apr 2007 BY

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1179, 5766, 1180, 1181, 1055, 1182, 1019

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40580 34760

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) enclosure

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

1994 aerial photographs confirm the presence of this small cropmark enclosure. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766) (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 228/25,27,28; 231/1,2,39-43 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1400634'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5765 Page 246 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 5766 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure and trackway (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 08 Jun 2012 RM 20 Apr 2007 KK 01 Jul 2003 KK 09 Aug 2002 BY 15 Sep 1994

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 1182

Cross References 1179, 5765, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1055, 1019

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40660 34810

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ENCLOSURE TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Iron Age or Roman fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Iron Age/ Roman enclosure measuring c.24m by 38m, located at the far north of a sineous trackway that continues southwards for c.400m. Visible on aerial photographs taken on 07-07-1994. Possibly related to two more isolated enclosures to the west (PRNs 5765 & 1179) and located within the general Iron Age/Roman field system covered by Group Record 1182. ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a complex of Iron Age/ Roman enclosures, field boundaries, ditches, pits and a trackway centred at SE 4119 3478. This complex is recorded on the HER under a Group record (PRN 1182), with individual elements recorded as separate records (PRNs 1179, 1180, 1181, 1019, 5765 & 5766).

To the west is a sinuous trackway leading from SE 4092 3445 to an enclosure at SE 4065 3481 (PRN 5766). This is complete and has an internal sub division (Oakey, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1400634)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 135/10,16; 228/25-28; 231/1,2,39-41,43 Desc.text Oakey, M. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Indentifier 1400634'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 04 76

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 5766 Page 248 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6351 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Rectilinear enclossure of uncertain date (cropmark)

Compiler Date RB 27 Oct 2015 JD 16 Jun 2006 BY 21 Mar 1996

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41990 39290

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT allocations) ENCLOSURE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Fragmentary cropmarks of ditches and possible pits visible on aerial photographs taken on 19-07- 1995. Some are certainly archaeological in nature although further interpretation difficult with existing evidence (BY, 1996). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as a rectilinear enclosure of uncertain date, centred at SE 4201 3929. This feature is visible within a field of frost-cracking and may possibly be interpreted as such. It is formed by a single narrow ditch and measures 21m by over 28m (the north-eastern portion is not visible on the air photographs available) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401378)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401378' AP WY 251/10-12

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 19 91

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6366 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name World War I anti-aircraft gun emplacement, Brierlands, Sturton Grange

Compiler Date RB 02 Feb 2015 JD 29 May 2009 RIS 07 May 1996

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6368, 6364, 6367, 6361, 6433, 6362, 6365, 5404

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 4 - Ambiguous 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42000 33000

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DEFENCE First World War (1914 - 1918) GUN 1914-18 EMPLACEMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Documentary - Evidence

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

World War I anti-aircraft gun, 1 x 3in. (heavy) for defence of Leeds. Mentioned in source at P.R.O. dated 1/6/1917 as occupying site called Brierlands.

Smith The Place-Names of the West Riding ..., Part 4, p.101 gives a field name of Brierlands in Sturton Grange (the only one given), and PRN 5404, the WWII anti- aircraft battery in Sturton Grange is accessed down Brierlands Lane. The assumption is that the WWII position may have re- used the earlier site. Note there is an unusual brick structure close to the concrete and breeze- block WWII remains (see description in PRN 5404). Perhaps this dates from WWI? The actual site, though is not definitely known. One of eight gun sites for anti-aircraft defence of Leeds in WWI.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Correspondence Printed list, C. Dobinson (C.B.A.), 29/11/95.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6690 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman field boundaries and trackway (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 16 Mar 2017 RB 30 Oct 2015 BY 25 Mar 1997

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1079, 1080, 1062, 6694, 6692

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43890 36080

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Trackway Iron Age/Roman fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early Field system Iron Age/Roman SUBSISTENCE fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 6690 Page 253 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a short length of ditched lane (or boundary?) with linear ditches (three) abutting both sides at right angles, visible on aerial photographs taken on 24-07-1996. These features may well be a part of the sort of field system/land division seen commonly in this region. Further to the east, a confused mass of linear marks is mostly attributable to natural cracking of the bedrock but there may well be further archaeological features masked here (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 1079, 1080, 1062, 6694, 6692) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541' AP WY 274/19,20; 282/11-14

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 36 91

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6691 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name North to south-west orientated irregular ditch feature, Aberford (cropmark/earthwork)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RF 04 Mar 2015 JD 22 Jun 2006 BY 25 Mar 1997

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43590 37420

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) TRACKWAY Post-Medieval WATER SUPPLY Uncertain (all truly uncertain WATER CHANNEL Uncertain AND DRAINAGE allocations) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Earthwork -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A north to south west orientated irregular ditch feature, the whole length of which is not visible on aerial photographs (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage recorded the feature as a probable medieval/post-medieval trackway and a bank (earthwork) visible as earthworks on air photographs dated 19-Sep-1988 (photo ref: NMR OS/88266 0017 - NB: this photo is not held within the HER). The features are centred at SE 4359 3743 (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401481). ------

The feature was partially excavated (40m) during the motorway improvements on the A1- undertaken by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service from 1992-1998. The basal deposits of the feature contained a very high proportion of sand (in which silts and other fine sediments were removed). Given its meandering course the feature was suggested to represent a former water cut channel, perhaps a former water course of the nearby beck.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Roberts, I., Burgess, A., and Berg, D., 2002., A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road AP WY 261/13-15 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401481'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 37 67

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6692 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Linear ditches (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 JD 24 Nov 2009 JD 16 Jun 2006 BY 25 Mar 1997

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1079, 1080, 1062, 6694, 6690

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43830 37270

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of linear ditches visible on aerial photographs taken on 24-07-1996. Date and function uncertain but it is quite likely that these form a part of the late prehistoric/RB cropmark landscapes which exist in this area, particularly just to the south (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 1079, 1080, 1062, 6694, 6692) (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference AP WY 274/15 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 37 82

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 6692 Page 258 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6694 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman enclosure complex (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RF 16 Mar 2017 RB 30 Oct 2015 HMG 22 Jul 2003 BY 25 Mar 1997

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1079, 1080, 1062, 6690, 6692

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44400 36380

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) enclosure MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 6694 Page 259 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a small sub-rectangular enclosure with associated linear ditches visible on aerial photographs taken on 03-08-1996. The cropmarks are mostly unclear and much detail may not be visible; there is a corner of another possible enclosure (BY, 1997). ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape which extends over a large area (across both the West and North Yorkshire border) and consists of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, trackway, field boundaries, and several pits of uncertain date. They are centred at SE 4444 3683 (see also PRNs 1079, 1080, 1062, 6690, 6692)

Rectilinear enclosures are located at: * SE 4438 3654 - only two sides and a corner are visible on the air photographs available. * SE 4436 3633 - 0.1ha (45m by 23m). This enclosure has field boundaries abutting its north-east, north-west, and south-west corners. * SE 4442 3633 - 0.1ha (47m by 25m). This enclosure is situated in the angle between two field boundaries.

(Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401541).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401541' AP WY 274/16,17; 282/17,18

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 43

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6698 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Iron Age/Roman oval enclosure (cropmarks)

Compiler Date RB 28 Oct 2015 JD 07 Mar 2010 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 21 Jul 2005 KK 29 Jul 2003 BY 24 Mar 1997

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1041, 1055, 1025, 1022, 1044, 5177, 1023, 1040

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area No EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42040 36590

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) UNASSIGNED Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early MACULA Uncertain A fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material Cropmark -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Cropmarks of a complex of linear ditches with angular turns and one small curvilinear feature of doubtful interpretation visible on aerial photographs taken on 24-7-1996. The cropmarks are too unclear to determine fully the plan of the main ditches and reconnaissance should be continued here, not least because this is very close to the well known major complex only c. 200 m. to the north-east (PRN 1041) and may in some way relate to it (BY, 1997) ------

During the NMP Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation project in 2003-4, English Heritage interpreted the cropmarks as part of a fragmentary landscape of Iron Age/Roman fields, tracks and enclosures visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The landscape is recorded under several HER records ±PRNs 1022, 1023, 1025, 1040, 1044, 5177 & 6698).

The features include six rectilinear enclosures, a curvilinear enclosure, field boundaries, and trackway. There is a circular enclosure with an internal macula, and an oval enclosure of Prehistoric/Roman date. Also visible as cropmarks and of uncertain date are ditch, macula, a small quarry, and numerous pits (possibly contemporary with the Iron Age/Roman features). They are centred at SE 4174 3684. The field system covers an area of 183.5ha and is formed by cropmark linear ditches that have a predominantly (though curving) west/east alignment. There are at least 16 distinct field rows running through the area. There are few cross-boundaries dividing the rows into smaller units. The field boundaries to the north-east of this extensive landscape meet Medieval/post Medieval field boundaries that maintain the alignment of earlier fields.

PRN 6698 - an oval enclosure is located at SE 4204 3658. It measures 11m by 9m. There are two horse-shoe shaped macula just to the north (Van Den Toorn, 2004: NMR Unique Identifier 1401509)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for scheduling (on basis of information in SMR). AP WY 273/4,5 Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1401509'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44432617

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Branse-Instone, E., EH Designation Archaeologist, 07/09/2004, Sites not put forward for Scheduling (on the basis of information in the SMR): Insufficient evidence at present to asess national importance. Needs confirmation of good level of survival plus dating evidence. Possibly submit when further information is available.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6900 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name The Ridge and Becca Banks, part of the Aberford Dyke System

Compiler Date RF 09 Aug 2016 RB 28 Oct 2014 RB 22 May 2012 JD 01 Dec 2010 JD 10 Mar 2010 RB 15 Feb 2010 NM 18 Aug 2009 JD 19 Feb 2009 JD 01 Dec 2005 JD 18 Mar 2005 KK 31 Jul 2003 VD 12 Oct 2001

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1968, 6901, 6902, 6903, 6904, 1049

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. 31516 Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1016951 Date Scheduled 25/06/2001 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40930 38020

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Fair Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

This section of the linear earthwork known as 'The Ridge' and 'Becca Banks' is part of the Aberford Dyke earthwork. Although the monument appears to be continuous, for Scheduling purposes Aberford Dyke has been divided into six sections (PRNs 1968, 6900, 6902, 6903, 6904 and 6905).

This stretch of the earthwork is approximately 2.5km long, and for most of its length it occupies the scarp north of the Potterton and Cock Becks. Both the bank and ditch are visible as substantial features for most of its length. The maximum height of the bank is 2m with the maximum depth of the ditch being 1.5m. Both features are approximately 8m wide. A smaller counterscarp bank, 1m high, is also visible south of the ditch in the eastern part of Becca Banks. Most of the earthworks run approximately east-west. The earthworks north of Cock Beck mostly occupy commanding positions at the top of the scarp and may once have formed a single boundary.

The earthwork has been breached in places to allow access to fields, and in Becca Low Wood the earthwork has been disturbed by quarrying. All fences are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath them is included.

There are a number of theoretical models that have been developed to offer possible interpretations of the Aberford Dykes. These models include, that the earthworks were defences of the British Kingdom of Elmet against the Anglo-Saxons in the late sixth and early seventh centuries, were boundaries to defend the Anglo Saxon kingdom of Deira against the Mercians in the seventh century AD and a Brigantian defence against the Roman Empire in the first century AD. There is no documentary evidence for the date of the Dykes, however, and firm dating evidence is sparse. They may not all belong to one period but may relate to a number of different events. The style and construction has parallels in both the Roman and the early post-Roman periods. Excavations at Field Lane (PRN 6902) retrieved pottery from deposits associated with the silting up of the ditch, which was tentatively dated to the Iron Age or early Roman period. This implies that a least parts of the Aberford Dyke system were constructed no earlier than the Iron Age (Wheelhouse 2001, 16), although it does not prove it.

Aerial photographs adjacent and to the south (PRN 1024) and the north (PRN 1049) of the earthworks show enclosures and trackways and or ditches, which may or may not be associated with Aberford Dykes.

The archive material associated with this site is housed in the 'Linear Features' archive file at the offices of the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service - Advisory Service (SMR). A good discussion of the Aberford Dyke System can be found in Wheelhouse. P. 15: The Linear Earthworks in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 2000. A Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1- A1 Link Road.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT West Yorkshire Archaeology 03/06/1988 ASSESSMENT Service ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritage 2000 ASSESSMENT EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH Archaeological Services - 1996-1998 WYAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Redfern, Neil / EH FMW 21/06/2002 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Luke, Yvonne/EH FMW 08/2007 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT WYAS, Gledhill, T. 28/10/97 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Record form WYAS, Gledhill, T., 1997. MPP Record Form AP WY 61/17A; 70/21A-24A; 75/21,22; 139/10; 255/42,43 AP WY 97/17; 99/20,22 AP PVA 0762078-9 AP CUC BJN 60; BJZ 34 AP DNR 995/5 Desc.text Faull. M. 1981. The Post Roman Period Section V The Post Roman British Period in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S.A. West Yorkshire an Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol I pp172- 173 Desc.text Page. W. (ed). 1912. The Victoria County History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire Vol II Desc.text Ramm. H.G. 1975. Notes from - The Aberford Dykes: Lecture to the Conference on Anglian Yorkshire 22-23 November York (Unpublished) Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeological Unit. U.D. Monument No 326 Becca banks, The Ridge and other Entrenchments Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1988. Record Card - Field Visit to Establish Condition of Remains Threatened by A1 - M1 Link Road Desc.text Wheelhouse. P. 2000. 15: 'The Linear Earthworks' in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. A Link to the Past: The Archaeology of the A1 - M1 Link Road pp Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthworks known as The Ridge, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge (SAM 31515) Desc.text Alcock. L. 1954. Aberford Dykes: The First Defence of the Brigantes in Antiquity Vol XXVIII pp147-154 Map Ordnance Survey. 1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Map Ordnance Survey. Edition OF 1908. 1:2,500 Yorkshire Sheet 204/11 List English Heritage. 2011. 'Heritage at Risk Register: Yorkshire & Humber' p.127 Desc.text Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 21/06/2002, Site visit report Photograph Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 21/06/2002, Site visit photograph Photograph Yvonne Luke, EH FMW, 08/2007, Site visit photographs AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20859_046-056; 20864_008-036.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 08 90, 44 43 17 38, 44 43 37 09, 44 43 28 78 On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 21/06/2002, Site visit report: The eastern section of the monument was described as being locat

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6901 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Part of Aberford Dyke System at Green Hill between Aberford and the Aberford By-pass

Compiler Date RF 09 Aug 2016 JD 16 Jun 2006 KK 31 Jul 2003 VD 29 Oct 2001

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1968, 6900, 6902, 6903, 6904

UDP class 1 3 Sched. Mon. No. 31517 Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1016952 Date Scheduled 25/06/2001 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43490 37660

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK CROPMARK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

This section of the linear earthwork at Green Hill between Aberford and the Aberford By-pass is part of the Aberford Dyke earthwork. Although the monument appears to be continuous, for Scheduling purposes Aberford Dyke has been divided into six sections (PRNs 1968, 6900, 6901, 6902, 6903 and 6904).

The visible remains run NNE from Sydenham House in Aberford, along Field Lane to the A1 Aberford By-pass. In the southern part of this length the bank runs along the top of the steep scarp on the east side of Field Lane. The ditch at this point is obscured by a track at the base of the scarp, and is not visible as a surface feature. North of this, a substancial bank up to 2.5m high is visible in the grounds of Glebe Bungalow. The ditch is also visible at this point and is 9m wide and 0.4m deep. After a break at the gate, the bank continues nortwards to the Aberford By-pass, with Field Lane now on the crest of the bank. The level of the bank has been built up, close to the Aberford By-pass, to bring the level of Field Lane up to that of the road. Althogh the ditch does not survive as a surface feature for much of this length of earthwork, excavation has shown that it survives as a buried feature between 1m and 2m deep. The revetment wall at the base of the scarp at the allotments north of Sydenham House is included in the scheduling. All fences, walls (apart from the revetment wall), buildings and garden fixtures are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath these features is included.

There are a number of theoretical models that have been developed to offer possible interpretations of the Aberford Dykes. These models include, that the earthworks were defences of the British Kingdom of Elmet against the Anglo-Saxons in the late sixth and early seventh centuries, were boundaries to defend the Anglo Saxon kingdom of Deira against the Mercians in the seventh century AD and a Brigantian defence against the Roman Empire in the first century AD. There is no documentary evidence for the date of the Dykes, however, and firm dating evidence is sparse. They may not all belong to one period but may relate to a number of different events. The style and construction has parallels in both the Roman and the early post-Roman periods. Excavations at Field Lane (PRN 6902) retrieved pottery from deposits associated with the silting up of the ditch, that was tentatively dated to the Iron Age or early Roman period. This implies that at least parts of the Aberford Dyke system were constructed no earlier than the Iron Age (Wheelhouse 2001, 16), although it does not prove it.

Aerial photographs showing this section of Aberford Dykes reveal possible archaeological features, which may of may not be associated with the earthwork.

Aberford Dyke earthworks is of impressive stature and occupies a commanding position at the top of the Magnesium Limestone Scarp.

The archive material associated with this site is housed in the 'Linear Features' archive file at the offices of the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service - Advisory Service (SMR). A good discussion of the Aberford Dyke System can be found in Wheelhouse. P. 15: The Linear Earthworks in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 2000. A Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1- A1 Link Road.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT West Yorkshire Archaeology 03/06/1988 ASSESSMENT Service ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritage 2000 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT WYAS, Gledhill, T. 31/10/97 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Record form WYAS, Gledhill, T., 1997. MPP Record Form Desc.text Faull. M. 1981. The Post Roman Period Section V The Post Roman British Period in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S.A. West Yorkshire an Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol I pp172- 173 Desc.text Page. W. (ed). 1912. The Victoria County History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire Vol II Desc.text Ramm. H.G. 1975. Notes from - The Aberford Dykes: Lecture to the Conference on Anglian Yorkshire 22-23 November York (Unpublished) Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeological Unit. U.D. Monument No 326 Becca banks, The Ridge and other Entrenchments Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1988. Record Card - Field Visit to Establish Condition of Remains Threatened by A1 - M1 Link Road Desc.text Wheelhouse. P. 2000. 15: 'The Linear Earthworks' in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. A Link to the Past: The Archaeology of the A1 - M1 Link Road pp Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthworks known as The Ridge, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge (SAM 31515) Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthworks known as The Ridge, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, 560m East of Potterton Bridge (SAM 31515) Map Ordnance Survey. 1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Map Ordnance Survey. Edition OF 1908. 1:2,500 Yorkshire Sheet 204/11 Publication Alcock. L., 1954. Aberford Dykes: The First Defence of the Brigantes in Antiquity Vol XXVIII pp147-154

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44-43-37-31

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 6902 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Part of Aberford Dyke System at Field Lane (to the East of the A1)

Compiler Date RF 09 Aug 2016 RF 11 Mar 2015 JD 11 Mar 2010 NM 18 Aug 2009 RM 26 May 2006 KK 31 Jul 2003 VD 12 Oct 2001

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1968, 6900, 6901, 6903, 6904, 7397, 7402, 14396

UDP class 1 3 Sched. Mon. No. 31518 Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1019873 Date Scheduled 25/06/2001 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43730 37900

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

This section of the linear earthwork at Field Lane (east of the A1) between the Aberford By-pass and Humphrey Dale Cottage, is part of the Aberford Dyke earthwork. Although the monument appears to be continuous, for Scheduling purposes Aberford Dyke has been divided into six sections (PRNs 1968, 6900, 6901, 6903, 6903 and 6904).

At the western end of this stretch of earthworks, the bank is 2m-3m high, 13m wide and occupies the top of a natural scarp. Further east, the bank survives under Field Lane. The ditch is no longer visible as an earthwork, but has been shown to survive as a buried feature south of the bank by excavations conducted before the A1 road improvements. These excavaions showed that at the western end of the ditch survives up to 3m in depth with a steep-sided, flat-bottomed profile, 2.4m wide at the base and 8m wide at the top. In the eastern excavation trench, near Humphrey Dale, the bank was shown to survive to a height of only 0.2m, being damaged by ploughing and the construction of Field Lane itself. Only the southern 1.5m of the bank was revealed, the remainder lying to the north of the limits of the excavation. The ditch at the eastern end was slightly different in profile from that seen in the western trench and survived to a depth of 3m. The excavations also revealed buried soil beneath the bank and Roman pottery in the ditch (English Heritage 2001).

There are a number of theoretical models that have been developed to offer possible interpretations of the Aberford Dykes. These models include that the earthworks were defences of the British Kingdom of Elmet against the Anglo-Saxons in the late sixth and early seventh centuries, were boundaries to defend the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira against the Mercians in the seventh century AD and a Brigantian defence against the Roman Empire in the first century AD. There is no documentary evidence for the date of the Dykes, however, and firm dating evidence is sparce. They may not all belong to one period, but may be related to a number of different events. The style and construction has parallels in both the Roman and early post-Roman periods. Excavations at Field Lane retrieved pottery from deposits associated with the silting up of the ditch, that was tentatively dated to the Iron Age or early Roman period. This implies that at least parts of the Aberford Dyke System were constructed no earlier than the Iron Age (Wheelhouse 2001, 16), although it does not prove it .

Aerial photographs showing this section of the bank may reveal possible archaeological features, which may or may not be associated with the earthwork.

Aberford Dyke earthworks is of impressive stature and occupies a commanding position at the top of the Magnesium Limestone Scarp.

The archive material associated with this record is housed in the 'Linear Features' archive files at the offices of the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service - Advisory Service (SMR). A good discussion of the Aberford Dyke system can be found in Wheelhouse. 'P. 15: The Linear Earthworks' in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 2000. A Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the A1-M1 Link Road.

Geophysics followed by excavation of an area within the M1-A1 Link road development included an examination of part of Becca Banks, see PRN 14396.

A watching brief (PRN 7397) was undertaken by Northern Archaeological Associates in May 1995 on the site of Aberford Sewage Treatment Works (c.SE 437 379). The area had previously been levelled and used as a works compound before being backfilled with re-deposited subsoil and builders refuse. Only one archaeological feature was obseved within this area, this was the southern side of a linear ditch runnin parallel to the southern side of upstanding Becca Banks Dyke . Only 4m of the width of this feature lay within the excavation area, it was 1.42m deep and was seen for a length of 19.2m. As part of the watching brief a transect across Becca Bank Dyke was surveyed; it showed that the bank in the area measured c.13m wide, and together with the ditch was c.20m wide. The height of the monument was found to be between 7m and 8m from the base of the ditch to the top of the bank.

A watching brief (PRN 7402) was carried out by the Babtie Group in March 1998 during the excavation of a pipe trench for a water main to serve the sewage treatment works. A thick (0.6m) layer, made up of crushed limestone, with some larger blocks (up to 0.2m long) towards its base, was dicovered at SE 4352 3776. The layer contained no dating evidence, but a partially exposed section in an adjacent section of Becca Banks suggested a construction at least partly of crushed limestone, and the levels were consistent. It seems likely that this deposit represents the base of Becca Banks in an area where the monument had been largely levelled.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT West Yorkshire Arcaheology 03/06/1998 ASSESSMENT Service ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritage 2000 ASSESSMENT EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Archaeological Services - 1996-1998 WYAS WATCHING BRIEF - Northern Archaeological May 1995 Associates WATCHING BRIEF - Babtie March 1998 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT WYAS, Gledhill, T. 30/10/97 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Record form WYAS, Gledhill, T., 1997. MPP Record Form Desc.text Faull. M. 1981. The Post Roman Period Section V The Post Roman British Period in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S. (Eds). West Yorkshire: An Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol Desc.text Page. W. (ed). 1912. The Victorian County History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire Vol II Desc.text Ramm. H.G. 1975. Notes from - The Aberford Dykes: Lecture to the Conference on Anglian Yorkshire 22-23 November York (Unpublished) Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit. U.D. Monument No 326 Becca Banks, The Ridge and other Entenchments Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1988. Record Card - Field Visit to Establish Condition of Remains Threatened by the A1-M1 Link Road Desc.text English Heritage. 2001. Scheduling Notification for Length of Linear Earthwork, part of the Aberford Dyke system, at Field Lane between the Aberford By-pass and Humphrey Dale Cottage (Ref 31518) Map Ordnance Survey., 1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Publication Alcock. L., 1954. Aberford Dykes: The First Defence of the Brigantes in Antiquity Vol XXVIII pp147-154 Report NAA, 1995. 'Watching Brief Report', G Speed, Report Babtie Group, 1998. 'Watching Brief Report' AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20864_037-038, 043.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 37 67, 44 43 38 65, 44 43 38 90

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 6903 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Part of Aberford Dyke System Extending 770m East of Humphrey Dale Cottage

Compiler Date RF 09 Aug 2016 RB 27 Oct 2015 RF 09 Apr 2015 RB 10 Dec 2014 RB 28 Oct 2013 RB 22 May 2012 JD 11 Mar 2010 NM 18 Aug 2009 JD 27 Jun 2005 JD 22 Mar 2005 KK 31 Jul 2003 VD 12 Oct 2001

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1968, 6900, 6901, 6902, 6904, 1083, 2801, 2802, 2803, 10026

UDP class 1 3 Sched. Mon. No. 31519 Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1016953 Date Scheduled 25/06/2001 Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44190 38120

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT (EARTHWORK) MONUMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK CROPMARK FIND Flint EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Poor Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

This section of the linear earthwork extending 770m east from Humphrey Dale Cottage, is part of the Aberford Dyke earthwork. Although the monument appears to be continuous, for Scheduling purposes Aberford Dyke has been divided into six sections (PRNs 1968, 6900, 6901, 6902, 6903 and 6904).

The visible remains run from Humphrey Dale Cottage eastwards to a point approximately 80m into Hayton Wood. At the Western end the bank lies partly under Field Lane and partly in the grounds of Humphrey Dale Cottage. Excavations on the line of the access road to Humphrey Dale Cottage revealed a bank severely truncated by ploughing, surviving to a height of only 0.2m. The ditch survives to the south of the bank, at the base of the scarp, but is not visible as a surface feature. Its survival, however, was demonstrated by the excavation. The ditch was shown to survive to a depth of 3m. The central part of this stretch of earthwork has been spread by ploughing, and is visible as a broad bank and ditch. The total width of bank and ditch together is approximately 41m. At the east of the earthwork in Hayton Wood, the bank and ditch are clearly visible, the bank attaining a height of 2m-3m.

There are a number of theoretical models that have been developed to offer possible interpretations of the Aberford Dykes. These models include, that the earthworks were defences of the British Kingdom of Elmet against the Anglo-Saxons in the late sixth and early seventh centuries, were boundaries to defend the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira against the Mercians in the seventh century AD and a Brigantian defence against the Roman empire in the first century AD. There is no documentary evidence for the date of the Dykes, however, and firm dating evidence is sparce. They may not all belong to one period but may relate to a number of different events. The style of the construction has parallels in both Roman and the early post-Roman periods. Excavations at Field Lane (PRN 6902) retrieved pottery from deposits associated with the silting up of the ditch, that was tentatively dated to the Iron Age or early Roman period. This implies that at least parts of the Aberford Dyke system were constructed no earlier than the Iron Age (Wheelhouse 2001, 16), although it does not prove it.

Aerial photographs showing this section of the Aberford Dyke system reveal archaeological features, which may or may not be associated with the earthwork.

Spot finds from the locale of the Aberford Dyke include an 'Awl' (PRN 2802) and flints (PRNs 2801 and 2803).

Aberford Dyke earthworks is of impressive stature and occupies a commanding position at the top of the Magnesian Limestone Scarp.

In 2007/8 topographic survey and excavation of a section of the monument which lay in the construction corridor of a gas pipeline were undertaken (see PRN 10026). The excavation at NGR SE44225 38135 described Becca Banks with two principal elements, a ditch and an associated bank. The in-situ bank of Becca Banks was located directly beneath the modern ploughsoil and measured up to 14m in width. It followed an east-west alignment along the top of the slope overlooking the ditch. Excavation revealed that the bank survived to a maximum height of 0.6m, and it overlay the original ground surface (palaeosol). Unsurprisingly, the monument bank appeared to have been formed by the upcast from the original ditch being thrown up to form a parallel bank.This material sealed a low linear mound interpreted as a pile of turves created when the ditch was originally dug and may have acted as a marker bank used as a guide to construction.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report The ditch, when excavated, was approximately 2.5m deep and 5-6m wide, and probably originally had a flat bottomed profile; a single cut was recorded, and there was no evidence of any recutting. It was shown during the excavation that although the limestone substrate was permeable, local conditions were such that the ditch would retain water for some time. No dating evidence was recovered from the excavation of the bank or ditch, however the bank was cut by a pit containing Romano-British pottery, which was itself sealed by colluvium that abutted the bank. This colluvium contained Romano-British and medieval pottery. It appears that a likely date for the construction of the bank is in the Iron Age. The disparity between the large size of the ditch as compared with the modest scale of the surviving bank, strongly suggests that the majority of the original bank has now gone, presumably either eroded back into the ditch, and/or levelled during the mid-20th century. For further details of the 2007/8 investigations please see Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline 2007-8¶

The archive material associated with this record is housed in the 'Linear Features' archive file at the offices of the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service - Advisory Service (SMR). A good discussion of the Aberford Dyke System can be found in Wheelhouse. P. '15: The Linear Earthworks' in West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 2000. A Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1- A1 Link Road.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT West Yorkshire Archaeology 03/06/1998 ASSESSMENT service EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Archaeological Service - WYAS 1996-1998 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT English Heritage 2000 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Redfern, Neil / EH FMW 21/06/2002 ASSESSMENT EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Network Archaeology 2008 MEASURED SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY Ed Dennison Archaeological 01/2008 Services MEASURED SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY Network Archaeology 2007 ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT WYAS, Gledhill, T. 30/10/97 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Record form WYAS, Gledhill, T., 1997. MPP Record Form List English Heritage. 2011. 'Heritage at Risk Register: Yorkshire & Humber' p.127 Desc.text Faull. M.L. 1981. The Post Roman Period Sectin V The Post Roman Period in Faull. M.L. & Moorhouse. S. (Eds), 1981. West Yorkshire: An Archaeological Survey to AD 1500 Vol Desc.text Page. W. (ed). 1912. The Victorian County History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire Vol II Desc.text Ramm. H.G. 1975. Notes from - The Aberford Dykes: Lecture to the Conference on Anglian Yorkshire 22-23 November York (Unpublished) Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit. U.D. Monument No 326 Becca Banks, The Ridge and othe Entrenchments Desc.text West Yorkshire Archaeology Service. 1988. Record Card - Field Visit to Establish Condition of Remains Threatened by the A1-M1 Link Road Correspondence English Heritage. 2000. Scheduling Notification for Linear Earthwork, Part of the Aberford Dyke System, Extending 770m East from Humphrey Dale Cottage (Ref 31519) Map Ordnance Survey., 1849. First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Desc.text Alcock. L. 1954. Aberford Dykes: The First Defence of the Brigantes in Antiquity Vol XXVIII pp147-154 List Historic England. 'Heritage at Risk Register 2015: Yorkshire' p.107 Desc.text Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 21/06/2002, Site visit report Correspondence Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 16/08/2002, Letter re: Hayton Wood SAM management summary Desc.text Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 16/08/2002, SAM management summary for Hayton Wood Photograph Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 16/08/2002, 21/06/2002, Site visit photographs Photograph Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 2002, Site visit photographs Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. (English Heritage). 2004. 'NMR Complete Monument Record - Lower Wharfedale Air Photograph Interpretation: Unique Identifier 1402424 Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶ List English Heritage. 'Heritage at Risk Register 2013: Yorkshire' p.119 AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20864_037-049.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 48 25, 44 43 38 90

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments) Redfern, Neil EH FMW, 21/06/2002, Site visit report: The monument was described as being under arable crop of bulk w

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7303 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Fragment of Pre-conquest cross in Aberford Old Church

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 JD 29 Sep 2006 RM 04 Jan 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 540, 7304, 7305, 7649

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 37100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) CROSS Pre Conquest AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Stone

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

One of three fragments of Pre Conquest cross found In Aberford Old Church. The fragments were moved when the church was pulled down in 1860 (a new church was constructed on this site in 1861 - PRN 540). Collingwood (YAJ, 1914) stated that the cross fragments were reclocated to the Vicarage, where they have been kept in the garden. This fragment is a cross arm of red sandstone, the design is chiselled and hacked with one side being cut deeper than the other. The cross was free armed without a wheel. On the deeper cut face is a knot with rings, and on the shallower face is a pelleted pattern. In the centre is an open plait. Collingwood (1914) dates this fragment to the late 9th-, early 10th century.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Yorkshire Archaeological Society., 1914. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Vol 90 p130-1 Desc.text Page, W. 1974. The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire p128

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7304 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name One of three fragments of Pre Conquest cross found In Aberford Old Church

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 JD 29 Sep 2006 RM 04 Jan 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 540, 7303, 7305, 7649

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 37100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) CROSS Pre Conquest AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Stone

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

One of three fragments of Pre Conquest cross found In Aberford Old Church. The fragments were moved when the church was pulled down in 1860 ( a new church was constructed on this site in 1861 - PRN 540). Collingwood (YAJ, 1914) stated that the cross fragments were reclocated to the Vicarage, where they have been kept in the garden. This is a broken free armed cross head. It is of dark brown sandstone. The design is hacked in relief. At the foot of the cross on one face is a dragon. Collingwood (1914) dates this fragment to the early 10th Century, or as a later stone using an earlier design.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Yorkshire Archaeological Society., 1914. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Vol 90 p130-1 Desc.text Page, W. 1974. The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire p128

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7305 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name One of three fragments of Pre Conquest cross found In Aberford Old Church

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 JD 29 Sep 2006 RM 04 Jan 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 540, 7303, 7304, 7649

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 37100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) CROSS Pre Conquest AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Stone

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

One of three fragments of Pre Conquest cross found In Aberford Old Church. The fragments were moved when the church was pulled down in 1860 ( a new church was constructed on this site in 1861 - PRN 540). Collingwood (YAJ, 1914) stated that the cross fragments were reclocated to the Vicarage, where they have been kept in the garden. This is a shaft fragment. The flat strap interlacing is hacked. The plait on one of the faces is very carelessly treated, while the other faces are quite well carved. The upper part of this stone was obviously once the neck of a cross, but it was later re-shaped so it could be used for building. Collingwood (1914) dates this stone to the late 9th century.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Yorkshire Archaeological Society., 1914. The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal Vol 90 p130-131 Desc.text Page, W. 1974. The Victoria History of the Counties of England: Yorkshire p128

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7328 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Field walking survey, NE of Brierlands Lane, Garforth

Compiler Date RF 05 Feb 2016 RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 05 Jan 2007 RM 01 Feb 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030, 4528, 5404, 5418, 7464, 7465, 7488, 7663

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42060 34220

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Brierlands Lane Settlement Garforth

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Roman century) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) POTTERY Pre Conquest ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY Medieval ARTEFACT Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) POTTERY 16th Century and later

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Pottery FIND Tile FIND Brick

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A field walking survey covering an area of c.10 hectares (centred on the above OS grid reference) was carried out by WYAS over a ploughed field north-east of Brierlands Lane, Garforth between 1st and 3rd March 1999.

A baseline was established parallel with the western field edge, adjacent to the A642, using a Geotronics Geodimeter 600 series total station theodolite, and points at 60m intervals set out across the whole site. Intermediate points at 20m centres were set out using 100m tapes. Each grid square (measuring 20m by 20m) was allocated a discrete number and the grids walked with a 10m traverse separation.

Nearly 450 sherds of pottery were recovered as well as significant quantities of brick, tile and other finds. 14 of the pot sherds were of probable Roman origin while 3 were of possible Anglo-Saxon date.

Previous excavation has identifed Roman and Saxon material to the north and south of the site (PRN 5418 and 4528).

The presence of Anglo-Saxon pottery on the site may indicate the in situ survival of archaeological features, although the quality of the archaeology may be degraded by modern agricultural practices.

Likewise, the amount of Roman material (pottery and building materials) suggests occupation and the presence of a structure in the vicinity. As no such structure has been identified by previous excavation there is a possibility that the structure may be situated under the present site.

The remainder of the pot sherds, dating from the Medieval period onwards, indicate a long, continuous period of manuring and cultivation.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING SYSTEMATIC WYAS March 1999 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report WYAS, 1999. 'Fieldwalking Survey Report' A. Webb

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7397 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief south of Becca Banks

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RM 28 Feb 2007 RM 10 Apr 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6902

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43667 37835

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) (EARTHWORK) MONUMENT allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A watching brief was undertaken by Northern Archaeological Associates in May 1995 on the site of Aberford Sewage Treatment Works during excavation works related to the construction of a new humus tank and internal access road. The area to be disturbed (centred on the above grid reference) was located immediately to the south of Becca Banks linear earthwork (PRN 6902).

The watching brief was conducted within the area of the new humus tank, the northern end of the new internal access road immediately to the east of the new humus tank, and a cable trench cut at the base of the escarpment immediately to the south. The topsoil from the area of the tank and road was stripped using a mechanical excavator and the area was then reduced to the required level. Any archaeological features revealed were hand cleaned and recorded. The machine excavation of the cable trench was monitored and any archaeological features were hand cleaned and recorded.

The area stripped for the new humus tank was roughly rectangular and measured c.26m east-west by c.22m north-south. The area had previously been levelled and used as a works compound before being backfilled with re-deposited subsoil and builders refuse. Only one archaeological feature was observed within the area of the new humus tank, this was the southern side of a linear ditch running parallel to the southern side of the upstanding Becca Bank Dyke. Only c.4m width of the feature lay within the stripped area, and it was seen for a length of 19.2m and was excavated to a depth of 1.42m.

A transect across Becca Bank Dyke was surveyed as part of the watching brief. It showed that the bank measured c.13m wide, and together with the ditch is c.20m wide. The height of the monument is between 7m and 8m from the base of the ditch to the top of the bank.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - Northern Archaeological May 1995 Associates (NAA)

Archive/Source type Reference Report NAA, 1995. Watching Brief Report, G. Speed

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7402 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief at Becca Banks

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RF 04 Mar 2015 RM 28 Feb 2007 RM 21 Apr 2006 RM 11 Apr 2006 RM 10 Apr 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6902, 6901

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43528 37762

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) (EARTHWORK)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material LEVELLED LIMESTONE EARTHWORK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A watching brief was carried out by Babtie Group between the 16th and 19th of March 1998 during the excavation of a pipe trench for a water main to serve the sewage treatment works east of the A1 at Aberford. The water main started at an existing valve west of the A1 and ran for some 75m in a north-easterly direction along the footpath known as field lane to the west side of the A1. In doing so, it had a potential impact on part of Becca Banks (PRN 6902), an ancient linear earthwork.

The mechanical excavation of the trench was undertaken under continuous archaeological supervision. A mini-excavator fitted with a toothless bucket was used. A pit, approximately 1.7m x 1.7m, to insert a new valve-chamber adjacent to the existing chamber at the south-west end of the new main was excavated almost entirely within the existing cuts for two large water mains and the existing value chamber. Another trench, measuring 7.1m long and 0.25m-0.4m wide was excavated linking the new valve chamber with the south-west end of the previously-excavated stretch of the pipe trench.

A thick (0.6m) layer, made up of crushed and broken limestone, with some larger blocks (up to 0.2m long) towards its base, was discovered in the Valve Chamber pit and the south-west pipe trench (A grid reference is not provided, see report in file). This layer contained no dating evidence, but a partially exposed section in an adjacent part of Becca Banks suggested a construction at least partly of crushed limestone, and the levels were consistent. It therefore seemed likely that this deposit represented the base of Becca Banks in an area where the monument had been largely levelled.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - Babtie March 1998

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group, March 1998. Watching Brief Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7463 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief at Becca Lane

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RB 15 Feb 2010 RM 28 Feb 2007 RM 27 Apr 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43220 37460

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Becca Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) NEGATIVE - (-) - - EVIDENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material NO EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A watching brief was carried out by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA) between 2nd and 3rd of July 2003 during the stripping of turf and topsoil from two areas within the gardens of Woodlands, Becca Lane, Aberford. The site (centred on the above grid reference) was located immediately within (to the west of) the stone boundary wall of Becca House and south of an ornamental gateway and former Lodge on the north side of Becca Lane.

The two areas were stripped of turf and underlying soils. An archaeologist examined each layer for archaeological features before it was stripped. Area A, measuring c.6 x 5m, lay in the northwest corner of the site. Area B, measuring c.20m east to west by 10m north to south.

The watching brief found no evidence of surviving archaeological features associated either with the Becca Banks prehistoric earthwork or with the subsequent Roman or medieval developments in Aberford.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - Northern Archaeological July 2003 Associates

Archive/Source type Reference Other Watching Brief Report, D Ferguson and O Cooper, NAA. March 2004.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7464 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation at M1-A1 Link Road Area 27 Aberford Road

Compiler Date RF 18 Mar 2015 RF 05 Mar 2015 JD 10 Mar 2010 RM 31 Mar 2008 RM 28 Feb 2007 RM 02 May 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 8416, 14414, 7328, 7465, 7488, 7663, 1055, 5418, 7693

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42260 34520

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT ENCLOSURE UNASSIGNED Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) PIT RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth GRAVE late Roman AND FUNERARY century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth GRAVE mid Roman AND FUNERARY century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth CREMATION mid Roman AND FUNERARY century) MONUMENT century) ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ENCLOSED FIELD SUBSISTENCE century) SYSTEM RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth CREMATION AND FUNERARY century) MONUMENT AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND SUBSISTENCE FURROW AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND SUBSISTENCE FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material RADIOCARBON Bone DATING RADIOCARBON Charcoal DATING FIND Pottery FIND Iron FIND Bone FIND Stone FIND Copper alloy FIND Tile FIND Flint FIND Slag EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.) 3.75

Drift Geology Architect

Description

This site was identified in the course of a desk top study carried out by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA) 1992 (PRN 8416) in advance of the construction of the M1-A1 link road (Lofthouse to Bramham) as an area of Known Archaeology, Area 27. A Romano-British rural site was located approximately 1km to the north-east of Garforth, east of the A642 Aberford Road (PRN 5418). The archaeological investigation of this site confirmed the presence of a Roman-British rural settlement on the site and demonstrated it had been occupied for a long duration. (See also excavation to the east side of the A642 PRN 7693).

The site was the subject of geophysical surveys (gradiometer, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity) Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7464 Page 291 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in 1995 (PRN 14414). The geophysical surveys located a series of co-joined enclosures, some with internal divisions aligned north-south across the proposed road corridor. The enclosures to the north and south were seen to contain the most complex anomalies while the central enclosures were devoid of internal features. Evidence was also seen for contemporary field boundaries extending to either side of the main enclosure complex and the remains of medieval ridge and furrow were noted in several areas of the site. A further gradiometer survey revealed an area where further significant features were identified. In this area an archaeological evaluation was carried out by NAA, see PRN 7465.

A geophysical survey was made of a further 1.5ha between the eastern enclosures and Aberford Road and four evaluation trenches (no measurements) were excavated by ASWYAS in 1996 within the eastern enclosure. This work provided more evidence of enclosure ditches as well as pits. Artefacts recovered from these features dated them to the Roman period.

Further investigation, in an area excavation measuring 64m x 20m, was carried out along the line of the Haul road by ASWYAS between 24th June and 6th July 1996 and a further area totalling 3.75 ha was examined beyond the Haul road between 18th July and 27th September 1996.

The excavations located two multi-phased areas of ditched enclosure and associated features. These were predominantly of a Roman or Romano-British date but there was also evidence of later and possibly earlier activity on site. Pits and post-holes were found associated with the areas of enclosure, suggesting the presence of structures possibly of a domestic function. Funerary activity was also evident from the presence of five inhumations and a single cremation; these burials were assigned a Romano British date due to the presence of pottery and iron hob-nails. A small quantity of residual flint suggested prehistoric activity on or near to the site.

The results of the excavations presented in the publication Holbrey and Burgess, Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. 2001 pp83-105, is summarised here. The excavation at Parlington Hollins was divided into two areas to complete the final phase of work: the eastern side of the A642 and a 0.27 ha site on the western side of the Aberford Road A642. These areas have been termed Parlington Hollins East (PRN 7464) and Parlington Hollins West (PRN 7693). The features identified were mainly ditched field boundaries and enclosures, although large numbers of discrete features were encountered, notably, six human burials and two sunken-featured buildings. This is a multi-phased site covering the prehistoric, Roman and sub-Roman periods. The phasing of the sites represents the creation and reuse of enclosure ditches, from the Roman period onwards and has been truncated by modern ploughing.

The Later Iron Age period and is represented by activity located only in the northern and western parts of Parlington Hollins West. Phase 1:Three ditches, one a substantial boundary ditch that may have been part of a larger enclosure. A later two ditches together formed a small D-shaped enclosure, with a gap, providing the entrance to the enclosure. In one of these ditches at least seven fills were recorded, indicating frequent deposition and in situ burning. A charcoal sample provided a radiocarbon date of later Iron Age for this feature (2090 +/-45 BP Roberts et al. 2001. 296).

Phase 2 is represented by ten pits located in the northern part of Parlington Hollins West, eight of these, on an east west alignment may have marked possible boundaries. Many of the later prehistoric features of this site remain enigmatic and the finds imply agricultural rather than domestic activity. Activity may have been episodic.

Phase 3 is represented by two Early Roman enclosures and associated features. An enclosure ditch (Enclosure B), located on the west side of Parlington Hollins East, produced a single sherd of mortaria and some fragments of grey ware dated to the 2nd or early 3rd century. A broad gully associated with this enclosure produced late 2nd century samian sherds, and another gully produced a sherd of Dales ware-type indicating a 3rd or 4th century date. There is little stratigraphic evidence to assist the phasing of this enclosure.

Enclosure C in the central part of Parlington Hollins East was defined by the narrow east/west orientated ditches forming a sub-rectangular enclosure of over 49m by 35m. An entrance may have existed in the southern side of the enclosure, later blocked by a semi-circular annexe. This enclosure was subject to later development. The pottery assemblage includes a number of 2nd and 3rd century types e.g. amphorae, black-burnished ware, samian and grey wares. Enclosure C appears to have been abandoned by the 3rd century.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report Phase 4 is represented by major expansion of the enclosure and field systems in the middle Roman period. This phase has been dated by a relatively large quantity of imported pottery dating to 3rd and 4th centuries. Enclosure B appears to have been expanded whilst maintaining the entrance way suggesting a level of continuity between the phases. Post holes and gullies associated with the enclosure produced 3rd to 4th century pottery. Ditches associated with Enclosure D produced 4th century calcite-gritted ware and Dales ware. The fill of a ditch associated with Enclosure D produced animal bone and a subsequent terminus post-quem age of 1700 +/-45 BP (AA-30656 Roberts et al. 2001. 294). Another ditch produced a coin copy of Constantius II (AD 341-6).

A single grave containing a crouched inhumation was recorded at Parlington Hollins West identified as an adult male. Radiocarbon dating of this skeleton produced a date range of AD119-346, (1785+/145 BP, AA-30657 Roberts et al. 2001. 294). The µNorthern Burial Group¶comprised of two inhumations and a cremation; the crouched skeleton was that of a young adult female with no grave goods, with a radiocarbon date of AD 130-430 (1730+/160 BP, GU-7813, Roberts et al 2001. 297); an adult female, in a supine position with legs flexed up to the waist and iron fragments in the grave fill with a radiocarbon date of AD 252-560, (1630+/-60 BP, GU-7814, Roberts et al 2001. 297).

Phase 5 of the site is represented by a possible trackway in the Late Roman period. One ditch has a metalled surface with a number of possible wheel ruts. A coin of Constantine I (AD 330-35) was recovered from immediately above the µtrackway¶surface. Geophysical data revealed intense magnetisation within the south-east corner of Enclosure E suggesting domestic or industrial activity. Dating evidence is provided by 3rd and 4th century pottery and ceramic roof tile. The amount of roof tile recovered from the pits suggests the existence and clearance of a substantial building in the vicinity. A fragment of quern stone was also recovered from the fill of each of the pits.

The µsouthern burial group¶consist of three graves containing skeletons in an extended supine position. One, an older adult was dated to AD348-548 (1605+/-40 BP, AA-30655, Roberts et al 2001, 294) and was buried with 2nd century pottery. An adult female had been buried with the head removed and placed between the feet. Forty-one hobnails were also recovered from around the feet. A bone sample provided a radio carbon date of AD 400-670 (1500+/-80 BP, GU-7816, Roberts et al 2001, 297). A juvenile skeleton was dated AD 264-670 (1520 +/-100 BP, GU-7820, Roberts et al 2001, 297). The positioning of the burials within the remnants of earlier ditches suggests some continuity with previous phases of use.

Phase 6 is represented by two isolated sunken-featured buildings from the post-Roman period some 150m apart. One sunken-featured building measured 4.2m long, 4m wide and 0.20m deep. A large number of quern fragments including beehive and flat rotary types, grey ware pottery and a roofing stone were found in the fill of the sunken area. The late Roman material found in this backfill may have been residual. The second sunken -featured building was situated in isolation on the Parlington Hollins East site and measured 4.6m by 3m in plan and 0.22m deep. The fill of the sunken area produced early medieval pottery and a partial pig skeleton.

The above is a summary of the results, for a more detailed description see the report in HER file and the results of investigation of this site are presented in the publication Holbrey and Burgess, Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. 2001 pp83-105.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996 GEOPHYSICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY ASWYAS 1995 SURVEY GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ASWYAS 1995 SURVEY SURVEY EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1995

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 27 Assessment Report' Publication Holbrey, R. & Burgess, A. 2001 Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp83-105 Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1996. 'M1-A1 Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Report Area 27 Park House Garforth' Report ASWYAS. 1995. 'M1-A1 Link Road Site 27 Aberford Road' Report ASWYAS. 1995. 'M1-A1 Link Road Site 21 South Dyke and The Rein' Other Excavation report, C Morris, WYAS. July 1997.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7465 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Evaluation at Park House M1-A1 Area 27

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RF 11 Mar 2015 RF 05 Mar 2015 RB 15 Mar 2010 RM 31 Mar 2008 RM 28 Feb 2007 RM 03 May 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7464, 7328, 7488, 7663, 1055, 5418

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42330 34530

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT century) UNASSIGNED Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth PIT Late Roman century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN Roman century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Roman century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material SUB-SURFACE DEPOSIT FIND Pottery FIND Copper alloy

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

An evaluation was undertaken by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA) in March 1995 as part of archaeological investigations in advance of a proposed haul road to facilitate the construction of the M1-A1 Link Road in Area 27 (see also PRN 7464). The site of Park House lies adjacent to the A642 (Aberford Road) and 0.5km north-east of Garforth .

A series of five evaluation trenches (A - E) were placed within the area of the proposed road corridor to test the archaeology in advance of construction. The trenches were excavated with the aid of a 360 degree tracked excavator to remove the topsoil and subsoil down to the level where archaeological remains were noted. Excavation then proceeded by hand and exposed features were sampled and recorded. No grid references for the individual trenches are provided but see location plan in report in file.

Trench A was the western most trench and measured 5m by 20m. This trench contained no archaeological features or finds. Trench B measured 15m by 20m with a 2m by 6m extension on its western side. The main feature identified in this trench was a rock cut ditch running north to south overlain by a trackway, another ditch joined this one at right angles, it measured 1.6m wide and 0.7m deep. The two ditches were thought to be contemporary and a Roman coin and pottery was found immediately above the trackway surface which overlay the first ditch. A crouched burial was cut into the fill of the second ditch but was not excavated. Trench C measured 5m by 30m and contained a ditch on an east to west alignment, 1.2m wide and 0.4m deep. Trench D joined onto trench C to form an 'L' shape and measured 5.5m by 27m. At its western end was a large rectangular pit 2.3m long, 1.5m wide and 0.4m deep. Towards the eastern end of the trench there was a rock-cut ditch, 1.75m wide and 0.4m deep. Trench E measured 5m by 20m and contained no archaeological features.

The depth of the archaeology is not given in the report, but from the section drawings it appears that all features were encountered between 0.10m - 0.40m below current ground level.

Only a very small amount of artefactual evidence was recovered, including two copper alloy coins, both of which appeared to be Late Roman in date. Two sherds of Late Roman pottery were also recovered. The features were interpreted as belonging to a Late Roman rural settlement, probably of an agricultural nature.

Results of this and further investigation of the site (see PRN 7464) are presented in the publication Holbrey and Burgess, Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. 2001 pp83-105 see also PRN 5418.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH Northern Archaeological March 1995 Associates

Archive/Source type Reference Other Evaluation report, MC Bishop, NAA. March 1995.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7474 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Evaluation Excavation M1- A1 Area 23, West of Nut Hill Farm

Compiler Date RF 09 Mar 2015 RB 15 Mar 2010 RM 09 May 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1066, 8416

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43200 39300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain PIT uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material SUB-SURFACE DEPOSIT

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7474 Page 297 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

An archaeological evaluation by trial trenching and magnetic susceptibility survey was carried out by WYAS in May/June 1996. Construction of the M1-A1 Link Road (Lofthouse to Bramham) impacted upon an area known as Known Archaeology Area 23, a cropmark linear ditch system of unknown date (PRN 1066), located to the south of Occupation Lane (centred on the above grid reference).

Magnetic Susceptibility readings were taken in the field at c.10m intervals using a Bartington MS2 field loop meter. The area to be surveyed was divided into sampled units, the shape of which was determined by the edge of the road corridor and the location of obstructions. The location and dimensions of each sample block were accurately recorded. Two trial trenches were also excavated. These were mechanically excavated using a 1.5m wide toothless ditching bucket under archaeological supervision. The topsoil and subsoil were carefully removed in spits to expose the first significant archaeological horizon or the underlying geology, whichever was reached first. The resulting surface and section faces of the trenches were then investigated by hand to locate any archaeological features.

The first trench (23a) measured 15m by 15m and was excavated to a depth of c.0.50m. Only one feature was located, this was an oval shaped pit (4.3m by 1.15m by 0.38m) located at the northern end of the trench and orientated east to west. No finds were recovered. The second trench (23b) measured 30m by 10m and was excavated to a maximum depth c.0.60m. A number of irregular features were identified but they proved to be a combination of natural hollows and animal burrows. Three of these features, however, may have been created by human agency. The first of these was an east to west oriented linear feature (2.20m by 0.60m) located at the northern end of the trench which could have been a natural drainage ditch. Two possible pits were located in the eastern part of the trench but again, may have been natural features. No finds were recovered.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH WYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Other Evaluation Report, Babtie Group. June 1996

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7488 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Geophysical Survey on land NE of Brierlands, Garforth

Compiler Date RF 02 Sep 2015 RB 02 Feb 2015 JD 11 Mar 2010 RM 17 Oct 2006 RM 23 Jun 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7328, 7464, 7465, 7663

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42100 34100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Uncertain (all truly uncertain FIELD SYSTEM uncertain SUBSISTENCE allocations) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain PIT uncertain allocations) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain BUILDING uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

Site condition as last known Height OD 85 Area (ha.) 6.25

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A geophysical survey was carried out by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in September 2000 and October 2001 on land immediately northeast of Brierlands on the northeast edge of Garforth. The survey area, centred on the above grid reference, comprised part of a large arable field bounded to the west by Aberford Road, to the north by the A656 and to the east by a field boundary.

A Geoscan FM36 fluxgate gradiometer was used taking readings at 0.5m intervals on zig-zag traverses 1m apart within 20m by 20m square grids.

The survey demonstrated that the pattern of field division and enclosure seen at Parlington Hollins immediately to the north of the site continued down into the survey area. A ditch was identified which ran parallel to Aberford Road and correlated with the western defining ditch at Parlington Hollins.

A number of other anomalies were interpreted as possible buildings (one located at SE 4211 3409 and another at SE 4203 3414) located on the higher ground at the southern end of the site. Numerous non-archaeological anomalies were seen across the whole site, most of which reflect the direction of recent ploughing regimes. Also across the whole of the survey area linear and curvilinear anomalies were located that were indicative of infilled archaeological ditches which comprise a system of field division and enclosure. Discrete anomalies at the southern end of the field, close to the possible buildings, may represent pits or post holes.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY ASWYAS 2000-2001

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS, 2004. Land Adjacent to Brierlands, Garforth. Geophysical Survey.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7488 Page 300 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7496 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching Brief at Sturton Grange Farm

Compiler Date RB 29 Jan 2015 RM 19 Jun 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1031

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42300 33100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) NEGATIVE - (-) - - EVIDENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material NO EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A watching brief was carried out by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in July 2001 at Sturton Grange Farm during the excavation of foundation trenches for a new potato shed measuring 88m by 35m. The trenches were approximately 1.5m wide and 0.7m deep.

No archaeological features or deposits were observed during the watching brief, natural sandstone bedrock was encountered at a depth of between 0.3m and 0.4m below the top/plough soil (depth of top/plough soil is not given).

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - ASWYAS July 2001

Archive/Source type Reference Report Watching Brief Report Card, L Martin and I Roberts (ASWYAS). July 2001.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7573 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching Brief carried out by MAP archaeological practice

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 15 Feb 2010 RM 02 Aug 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1063

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43300 37100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Main Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) NEGATIVE - (-) - - EVIDENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material NO EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

A watching brief was carried out by MAP Archaeological Consultancy Ltd. on 17th January 2003 on groundworks relating to the construction of two garages and two dwellings fronting Main Street, Aberford. The site is centred on the above grid reference.

The footprints of the two garages and the two sides of the dwellings were marked out and cleared of vegetation and topsoil down to the bedrock. Any archaeological features were drawn and recorded.

No archaeological features were encountered.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - MAP Archaeological Jan 2003 Consultancy

Archive/Source type Reference Other MAP, 2003. Oliver Gardens, Main Street, Aberford. Archaeological Watching Brief

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7573 Page 304 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7600 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name An occupation bridge for the Parlington Estate

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RM 20 Apr 2007 JD 25 Aug 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 36200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Georgian (1714 - 1836) RAILWAY BRIDGE c.1830s

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material STRUCTURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

An occupation bridge for the Parlington Estate, which crosses the former course of the Aberford and Garforth Colliery railway. The railway (PRN 5196) was first surveyed in 1833 and constructed between 1837 and 1839. The line served as a link between the Aberford coal depot and the Garforth coal pits before its closure in 1924 (Hudson, 1971, p.95/145). The bridge is depicted on the O.S. first edition (1845-7) and subsequent editions of 1890 and 1909. Analysis of current OS mapping suggests that the bridge is extant

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Hudson, G. S., 1971, The Aberford Railway: and the history of the Garforth Collieries Map Ordnance Survey., 1845-7 First Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204 Map Ordnance Survey., 1890. Second Edition 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204SE Map Ordnance Survey., 1909. 1:10,560 Yorkshire Sheet 204SE

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7600 Page 306 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7649 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name A medieval cross slab, formerly located in 'Aberford Old Church'

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 20 Jul 2010 JD 19 Feb 2009 JD 29 Sep 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43287 37129

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) CROSS SLAB early 13th century AND FUNERARY

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

A medieval cross slab, formerly located in 'Aberford Old Church' an image of which was reproduced in a pen sketch by the Thoresby Society in 1959 (Plate IV Kirk, G. E., 1959).

St. Ricarius (PRN 540) was completely rebuilt in 1861 with the exception of a 12th century west tower, there are however several Anglo-Saxon cross fragments within the church (PRNs 7303, 7304 & 7305)

The slab now lost, is described by Ryder (1988 & 1991, p. 4 & p.7 respectively) as an un-tapered rectangular slab with a border of "dog tooth ornament". The cross holds incised decoration, except for an incised circular panel containing a plain bracelet head. The cross had a three-stepped calvary base and an inscription of a key (cf. PRN 893 at Collingham). The cross is of 13th century date

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Ryder, P. / WYAS 3/02/1988 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Ryder, P. / WYAS 15/02/1998 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Ryder, P., 1988, St. Ricarius Church, Aberford, Survey notes Desc.text Ryder, P. 1991, Medieval Grave Slabs of West Yorkshire

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7649 Page 308 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7663 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Archaeological Evaluation on land adjacent to Brierlands, Garforth

Compiler Date RB 02 Feb 2015 RM 17 Oct 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7488, 7328, 7464, 7465

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42070 34040

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT allocations) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain PIT uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material SUB-SURFACE DEPOSIT

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

An evaluation was undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) on 10th October 2001 on land adjacent to Brierlands, Garforth to target anomalies identified during a previous geophysical survey (PRN 7488). The site, centred on the above grid reference, was bounded on its southern side by a modern housing estate, on the east by Aberford Road and to the north by Roman Ridge Road.

A single trench measuring 40m by 2m was excavated mechanically under archaeological supervision to the top of the first archaeological horizon or undisturbed natural. Archaeological features were excavated by hand and recorded. See file for trench location plan.

The excavations uncovered two north-south aligned ditches, a possible ditched feature and a small sub-oval pit. The first of the two north-south ditches measured 2.05m wide and 0.53m deep; its fill contained a small quantity of animal bone. The second ditch measured 1.1m wide and 0.56m deep and its fill also contained animal bone, including horse bones. The possible ditched feature was not fully excavated, but it was aligned northwest to southeast and measured 1.5m long and 0.6m wide. The sub oval feature, possibly a pit, measured 1.85m by 1m.

A total of 134 animal bone fragments were recovered from the two north-south ditches but no datable artefacts were located.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH Archaeological Services WYAS 10/10/2001

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS, 2001. Land Adjacent to Brierlands, Garforth. Archaeological Evaluation.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7663 Page 310 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7693 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation, Area 32 M1-A1 Link Road Parlington West

Compiler Date RF 18 Mar 2015 JD 10 Mar 2010 RB 16 Feb 2010 RM 31 Mar 2008 RM 20 Apr 2007 RM 02 Nov 2006

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1055, 8416, 7464, 5418

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42060 34600

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early POTTERY Romano-British fifth century) MONUMENT MONUMENT MONUMENT MONUMENT century) MONUMENT century) RELIGIOUS RITUAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth INHUMATION 3rd/4th Century AND FUNERARY century) MONUMENT MONUMENT FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material RADIOCARBON Charcoal DATING RADIOCARBON Bone DATING EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Area 32 was investigate prior to the development of the M1-A1 Link Road. Archaeological work in Area 27 (PRN 7464) indicated the need to investigate a further area, to the west and this became Area 32. Here an area of approximately 3000m squared was the subject of a geophysical survey undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in April 1996. This survey identified an enclosure linked to the previously identified complex by a boundary feature and enclosing further associated features.

In this area, to the west of the A642 Garforth to Aberford Road, Parlington an excavation was undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS between 12th and 18th August 1996. The excavations revealed a multi-phase complex of enclosure and land use on the site which originated in the late Iron Age and continued through the Romano British period. It was, in part, a continuation of the enclosure complex identified further to the east (PRNs 5418, 7465, 7464).

At least five phases of land use from the Late Iron Age to the early medieval period were identified including a number of intercutting ditches, enclosures, and pits. A crouched adult inhumation was also excavated to the north of one of the ditches; the remains were fairly complete but very fragmentary. The burial has been placed on a 'bed' of limestone slabs, in a shallow, irregular cut or the stones had been mounded over the burial. The burial was thought to date from when the ditch was open in the later 3rd or early 4th century AD.

An area of medieval broad ridge and furrow was also identified.

The published results of this area of excavation are discussed together with the findings from the east side of the road (A642) please see PRN 7464 and the published report Holbrey and Burgess in Roberts et al, 2001. New Link to the Past.

Please also see copies of reports filed in the West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 08/1996 GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ASWYAS 04/1996 SURVEY SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1996. 'M1-A1 Link Road Unexpected Archaeology Discovery new Area 32, Parlington West Report' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham New Archaeology Area 32 Assessment Report' Publication Holbrey, R. and Burgess, A. 2001. Parlington Hollins in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp83-105 Desc.text WYAS. 1996. 'A1 M1 Site 32 Parlington West: Summary of Archaeological Work' Drawing, plan WYAS. 1996. 'A1 M1 Site 32 Parlington West'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7815 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Aberford Bridge

Compiler Date RM 24 Aug 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 595, 2827

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342230

UDA No. 1135615 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area Yes EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43340 37330

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Main Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Georgian (1714 - 1836) BRIDGE late 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material STRUCTURE MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE

Site condition as last known Good Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Aberford Bridge is a public road bridge, probably dating to the late 18th century and made from squared magnesian limestone. The three spans consist of segmental arches with slightly recessed voussoirs and arch bands. It has a plain string course rising to a very shallow apex in the centre, with a coped parapet and projecting piers at the ends.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage, 2007. Aberford Bridge. Listed Buildings Online Desc.text P. Thornborrow, 2002. Aberford Bridge: Building Recording Specification.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7816 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Becca Hall

Compiler Date RB 29 Nov 2012 RM 24 Aug 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 11779

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342219

UDA No. 1135648 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41880 38730

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street York Road Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) COUNTRY HOUSE late 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING SANDSTONE SLATE

Site condition as last known Good Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect William Lindley

Description

Becca Hall was country house built in the late 18th century by the architect William Lindley for William Markham. It was enlarged and altered in the 19th century and is now offices. It is made from sandstone ashlar, with low-pitched hipped slate roofs on 2 levels. Built in Classical style, the original house is symmetrical and of rectangular double-depth plan. It was enlarged by the addition of set- back receding crosswings and an extension to the rear between these.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles April 1979 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 2007. Becca Hall. Listed Buildings Online. Desc.text C. Giles. 1979. Becca Hall. Site Visit Report. Survey, photogr. Anon. No date. Becca Hall. Desc.text P. Thornborrow. 2004. Consultation Response to Planning Application.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7816 Page 317 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7817 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Field House

Compiler Date NM 30 Oct 2007 RM 24 Aug 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342223

UDA No. 1313203 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43390 37510

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Aberford Field Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE late 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING MAGNESIAN SLATE LIMESTONE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Field House is said to have been built as a private academy in the late 18th century. It is made from Magnesian Limestone ashlar, with render to the lowest part of the ground floor and a stone slate roof. Built in Classical style, Field House is symmetrical, with a rectangular double-depth plan and an extension to the rear. It has 3 bays, with a 3-bay pedimented centre slightly projected, a first floor band, a moulded cornice and a low parapet. It also has a central round-headed recessed arch containing a round-headed doorway with moulded surround and imposts.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 'Field House'. Listed Buildings Online (date listed: 03/12/1986).

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7817 Page 319 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7836 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Dress Hook

Compiler Date RB 02 Oct 2014 JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 31 Aug 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44100 37200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) DRESS 900AD to 1000AD COMPONENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Small copper alloy Anglo-Saxon dress hook, probably dating to the 10th century. Found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting on the 07/09/2005. The find was reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme before being returned to the finder.

The hooked tag is circular and flat with a single central perforation. Around the central hole there are concentric ring grooves for decoration on the front surface. The hook tapers to a point and curves over at the very tip. In a good state of preservation. Length 18.89mm, width 11.7mm, thickness 3.97mm, weight 0.38g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-A0E268

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 07/09/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-A0E268 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/113522 (viewed 02/10/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7837 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Fragment of Early Medieval Mount

Compiler Date RB 02 Oct 2014 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 31 Aug 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44400 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) MOUNT 800AD to 1000AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Copper alloy section of decorated strip dating to the late Anglo-Saxon period (c.800-1000 AD). Found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting on 07/09/2005. The find was reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) before being returned to the finder. The function of this mount is unclear but it may be part of the binding for a box or book.

The piece is rectangular and is broken at one end. At the other end the piece terminates with a zoomorphic animal head with a circular rivet hole at the very end. Above the rivet hole there are animal eyes. The rest of the mount has a long central panel decorated with a single line of ring and dot motifs. The panel of decoration is broken about two thirds of the way up the object for another rivet hole. The back of the mount is flat and undecorated. In a good state of preservation. Length 65.5mm, width 5.87mm, thickness 1.89mm, weight 6.61g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-A14115

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 07/09/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-A14115 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/113531 (viewed 02/10/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7925 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name North End Cottage

Compiler Date NM 25 Sep 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 595

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43380 37960

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Main Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE Mid-late 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING LIMESTONE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

North End Cottage is a stone house of perhaps mid-late 18th century date. It faces east, is two storeys high and is double pile in plan. It is rendered on all but the east wall, making it difficult to judge whether the existing apertures are original. The east front shows a smooth limestone masonry with regular coursing. The window surrounds have square heads, formed of shaped stones, and the windows are of hung-sash form. There is also a stack on each gable.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles April 1979 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text C. Giles. 1979. 'North End Cottage'. Site Visit Report.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7925 Page 325 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7926 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Well House

Compiler Date NM 25 Sep 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 595

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43380 37730

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Main Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE 1769

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Well House is a stone house dated to 1769. It is of two storeys and is double pile in plan. The house faces west and has a central entry. The door has a raised square surround with horizontal tooling and a lintel that is inscribed 'WOOD C. E. 1769'. The door opens straight on to the stair, which has been renewed in recent years. There is a large cellar, reached by stone steps under the main stair; this arangement presumably demonstrates that the main stair is in its original position.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles / Philip Swan May 1979 ASSESSMENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text C. Giles & P. Swan. 1979. 'Well House'. Site Report Visit. Survey, photogr. C. Giles. 1979. 'Well House'. WYAS/RCHME Rural Houses Survey.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7926 Page 327 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7927 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Whitewell Farm

Compiler Date RB 14 Jan 2010 NM 26 Sep 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7928

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41830 39950

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) FARMHOUSE Early 19th Century AGRICULTURE AND Georgian (1714 - 1836) BARN Early 19th Century SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Georgian (1714 - 1836) FARM BUILDING Early 19th Century SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING RUBBLE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Whitewell Farm is a house of early 19th century date with associated farm buildings. Almost identical to the nearby Windsor Farm, Whitewell Farm was probably estate built, is two storeys high, and is L-shaped in plan. It is built of coursed rubble masonry, with sliding sash windows. There is a single-storey stone wing to the west, which is heated by a later(?) stack. A yard is formed to the north of the house by two low sheds running north-south and a barn running east-west.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7927 Page 328 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles April 1979 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Giles, C. 1979. 'Whitewell Farm'. Site Visit Report.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7927 Page 329 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 7928 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Windsor Farm

Compiler Date JD 13 Jan 2010 NM 26 Sep 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7927

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42210 40000

O.S. 1:10000 SE44SW

Number Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) FARMHOUSE Early 19th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING RUBBLE BRICK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Windsor Farm is a house of early 19th century date with associated farm buildings. It is very similar to the nearby Whitewell Farm and both were probably estate built. The house is two storeys high and is L-shaped in plan, with the main part forming a wing gabled north-south. It is built of coursed rubble masonry, with sliding sash windows. A room to the west has been heightened in brick to give a full two storeys at Windsor Farm, but at Whitewell Farm it survives as a single storey stone wing. Windsor Farm also retains a range of privies, stone built, and perhaps original.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles April 1979 ASSESSMENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7928 Page 330 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Giles, C. 1979. 'Windsor Farm'. Site Visit Report.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 7928 Page 331 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8130 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Bridge Garage (former corn mill)

Compiler Date NM 07 Nov 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 2827

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342222

UDA No. 1135649 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43310 37270

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Cattle Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Georgian (1714 - 1836) CORN MILL Late 18th century INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) CORN MILL 17th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING MAGNESIAN TILE LIMESTONE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8130 Page 332 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

This garage is a former water-powered corn mill that probably dates to the late 18th century, but has earlier roof trusses. It is built from magnesian limestone, with a tiled roof. It is rectangular in plan and built on a slope between the road above and the riverside meadow below. It is two storeys high with a basement, and is of three bays. The road front has got inserted garage doors at ground level, with a loading door above. The right gable has, at basement level, the exposed arched top of an opening for the exit of a watercourse. At ground floor level there are two square windows, one of which is blocked, and at first floor level there is an arched 2-light window with Y-tracery, and a chimney. At the rear towards the river, there is, again at basement level, a large semicircular shallow recess with a square opening in the centre that is otherwise rendered. This was the position of the former water wheel. There is one square window to the left of this, and two similar windows above at ground floor level, with a blocked small horizontal window under the eaves.

There are three roof trusses over the first floor that are of interest as they are from pegged oak and of king-post form, but with many markings that do not relate to the present roof covering. They are likely to be derived from an earlier building, and are perhaps of 17th century date. If the mill has been rebuilt on its present site, or heightened to its present size, it is possible that the trusses have simply been re-incorporated in their present positions. Some of the bolt holes and other workings on the tie-beams may also relate to the system of shafts and gearing, the most likely use at this level being for hoisting materials into, out of and through the building.

An archaeological building recording was undertaken in 2004 prior to the conversion of the building to residential use. It was concluded that as a former corn mill, Bridge Garage is an important building within Aberford village. However, surrounding development has obliterated most of the evidence for the water supply system. Also, historic alterations to the building since milling ceased around the turn of the 20th century means that little direct evidence of the milling process survives, although traces indicate where the principal elements were.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 'Building on north side of road approximately 40 metres west of junction with Main Street'. Listed Buildings Online (date of last amendment: 03/12/1986). Survey Haigh, S. 2004. 'Bridge Garage (former corn mill), Cattle Lane, Aberford'. Archaeological Building Recording.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8130 Page 333 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8155 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name

Compiler Date KK 11 Jun 2008 RM 15 Nov 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 45030 36130

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) SETTLEMENT medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A.H. Smith (1961) records a documentary reference to the personal names of µCoppeleya¶in c.1200. These names and the associated documentary information denote a medieval settlement. In 1545 a reference is made to the former settlement of µCoppeleie¶or µCoplaye¶in the Yorkshire Deeds.

The modern road, Copley Lane, runs from the N Yorkshire township of Saxton into Lotherton cum Aberford.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8155 Page 334 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Smith, A.H., 1961, Place names of the West Riding of Yorkshire Map Lotherton Tithe award no. 109 and 110 AP English Heritage. 11/12/2007. NMR refs: 20733_001-005.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 46 70

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8155 Page 335 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8174 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Possible flint arrowhead

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 21 Nov 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 8182

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43600 38700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) ARROWHEAD 3500BC to 2100BC

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8174 Page 336 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible flint arrowhead. The arrowhead may be unfinished or is simply a cruder example. It is triangular in shape with both the long edges displaying reworking (but this does not extend across the whole of the dorsal surface). The ventral surface also has some very fine re-working on the left ventral edge and some larger working on the right edge. Discovered during field walking by a member of the public before 04/04/2005.

Length 40.38mm, width 26.8mm, thickness 6.13mm, weight 5.1g.

PAS Ref.: SWYOR-2EAC72 see also PRN 8182 a possible Neolithic arrowhead discovered by the same finder in an approximately similar location.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC Member of Public <4/4/2005 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme Database, www.finds.org.uk (record as of 01/10/2007) record for SWYOR-2EAC72

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8174 Page 337 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8182 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Possible Flint Arrowhead

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 21 Nov 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 8174

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43600 38700

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) ARROWHEAD 3500BC to 2100BC

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8182 Page 338 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible flint arrowhead. The arrowhead may be unfinished or is simply a cruder example. It is triangular in shape with both the long edges displaying fine re-working (but this does not extend across the whole of the dorsal surface). The ventral surface has no reworking which is unusual for an arrowhead and the bulb of percussion is located at the tip of the arrowhead on this side. Discovered during field walking by a member of the public before 04/04/2005.

Length 28.3mm, width 21.6mm, thickness 4.4mm, weight 2.73g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-2EB886 see also PRN 8174 a possible Neolithic arrowhead discovered by the same finder in an approximately similar location.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC Member of public <4/4/2005 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme Database, www.finds.org.uk (record as of 01/10/2007) record for SWYOR-2EB886

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8182 Page 339 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8290 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name The Manor House (or Stank House)

Compiler Date NM 21 Dec 2007

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1006

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 40230 34520

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Barwick Road Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE Early 18th century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING RENDER

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8290 Page 340 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

The Manor House, or Stank House, is a double-storey, three-cell house, probably of early 18th century date. The building is rendered, concealing its external architectural details, and the doors and cornices of the two end rooms on the ground floor are 19th century replacements. However, a window casing with fielded panels survives in the central room, at the rear of which is a turret containing what may be an original staircase. This has a turned newel post with a mirror moulding and square-section balusters. The panelling associated with the staircase also has fielded panels. The roof consisted of principal rafters with a single arched collar halved on each truss. This form of roof was probably to provide headroom in a floored and utilised attic and is also consistent with an early 18th century date. The original floor joists of the attic appear to have been replaced in the 19th century, when new floor joists were inserted, probably at a slightly different level, from which spring queen posts rising up to the original principal rafters with down-struts to the new tie-beams. The building was subsequently converted into a double-pile house by the addition of a parallel range to the north (Michelmore, 1983).

The photographs in the folder are labelled µThe Manor House / or Stank House¶Stank House appears on the 1st edition OS map in the same location as The Manor House on the WYAS GIS.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT D. Michelmore Feb 1983 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Photograph WYAS. 1983. 'The Manor House / or Stank House'. Site Visit. Map 1st edition OS map. Surveyed 1845-7. Map Sheet 219. Desc.text Michelmore, D. 1983. 'Stank House'. Site Visit Report.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? Yes

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8290 Page 341 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8343 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Arrowhead

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 17 Jan 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43100 34300

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SE

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) ARROWHEAD 2500BC to 1500BC ARTEFACT Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) ARROWHEAD 2500BC to 1500BC

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age barbed and tanged arrowhead. The arrowhead is knapped from honey coloured flint and has fine working covering the whole of both faces. The tip of the arrowhead and the end of one barb has broken off. The PAS do not provide a grid reference but do record the find location as Ridge Road Farm and therefore the above grid reference provided is centered on the site of the farm. The arrowhead was discovered during field walking by a member of the public before 04/04/2005.

Length 27.37mm, width 28.01mm, thickness 4.5mm, weight 2.47g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-684307 Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8343 Page 342 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC Member of Public <4/4/2005 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme Database, www.finds.org.uk (record as of 01/10/2007)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8343 Page 343 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8347 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Four Flint Scrapers

Compiler Date JD 12 Jan 2018 RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 18 Jan 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44200 36600

O.S. 1:10000 SE43

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) 2500BC to 1500BC ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) 3500BC to 2900BC ARTEFACT Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) 2500BC to 1500BC

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Flint

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8347 Page 344 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

4 flint Scrapers recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme and discovered during field walking before 4/4/2005. As the grid reference given for the artefacts is only of six figures (100m range) it remains unclear if the finds were all discovered within the same location. Descriptions of the artefacts are provided below:

Thumbnail scraper made from flint and dating from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age period. The tool is oval in shape and has uni-facial working on the edges of the dorsal (upper) face. Some of the cortex remains on the dorsal surface. The ventral (or lower) face has a clearly visible bulb of percussion. The flint is pale-grey and mottled in colour with a pale brown cortex. Length 23.16mm, width 15.4mm, thickness 6.65mm, weight 2.74g. PAS Ref. SWYOR-69AFF1.

Thumbnail scraper made from flint and dating from the late Neolithic to early Bronze Age period. The tool is round in shape and has very fine un-ifacial working on the edges of the dorsal (upper) face. The ventral (or lower) face is flat with no retouch. The flint is pale-grey in colour. Length 20.55mm, width 17.8mm, thickness 7.19mm, weight 2.96g. PAS Ref. SWYOR-696358.

Side and end scraper, dating to the Neolithic period. The scraper is roughly triangular in plan with uni-facial retouch on the edges of the dorsal surface. The flint is pale grey in colour. Length 33.02mm, width 18.74mm, thickness 8mm, weight 5.08g. PAS Ref. SWYOR-69BF32.

Large early Neolithic flint scraper formed by retouching a flake. The scraper is roughly circular in shape with one straight edge. There is crude reworking on part of the curved edge, which does not extend across the dorsal surface. Length 43.83mm, 40.5mm in width, thickness 8.45mm, weight 13.49g. SWYOR-69B6E2.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELDWALKING UNSYSTEMATIC Member of Public <4/4/2005 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme Database, www.finds.org.uk (record as of 01/10/2007), records for SWYOR-69AFF1, SWYOR-696358, SWYOR-69BF32, SWYOR-69B6E2.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8347 Page 345 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8802 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 29 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42800 37100

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 300AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A copper alloy Roman coin; a fourth century nummus which is illegible. The coin has a diameter of 16.9mm and is 1.9mm thick. It weighs 2g. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 05/11/2007.

Thickness: 1.9mm, diameter: 16.9mm, weight: 2g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-5E3337

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8802 Page 346 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal detectorist >5/11/2007 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, record for SWYOR-5E3337.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8802 Page 347 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8821 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Two Roman Coins

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 30 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42400 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 330AD to 335AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8821 Page 348 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Two copper alloy Roman coins;dating to the fourth century (330-335AD). The desciptions are as follows:

A copper alloy Roman coin; contemporary copy of a fourth century nummus, with a House of Constantine GLORIA EXERCITVS type reverse (330±335 AD) and a diademed bust right on the obverse. The coin has a diameter of 16.2mm and is 1.4mm thick. It weighs 1.4g. The coin was probably minted in 330±402 AD. For reference see Reece and James (2000 ³Identifying Roman Coins´Discovered by a metal detectorist before 28/11/2007.

Thickness: 1.4mm, diameter: 16.2mm, weight: 1.4g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-6A2D55

A copper alloy Roman coin; a fourth century nummus of Constantinopolis, Victory on Prow type (330±335 AD). The coin has a diameter of 15.2mm and is 1.6mm thick. It weighs 1.5g. The mintmark is illegible. For reference see Reece and James (2000 ³Identifying Roman Coins´ Discovered by a metal detectorist before 28/11/2007.

Thickness: 1.6mm, diameter: 15.2mm, weight: 1.5g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-6A46E1

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist 28/11/2007 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, record for SWYOR-6A2D55, SWYOR-6A46E1.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8821 Page 349 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8822 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Twelve Roman Coins

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 13 Feb 2013 RB 20 Jul 2010 JD 30 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42400 36900

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8822 Page 350 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 354AD to 402AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 286AD to 293AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 269AD to 271AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 268AD to 270AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 271AD to 274AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 275AD to 296AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 286AD to 293AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 260AD to 268AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 260AD to 268AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 271AD to 296AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 260AD to 275AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 260AD to 275AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

12 copper alloy Roman coins, all found in the same area of Parlington and by the same metal detectorist before 04/02/2008. 11 of the 12 coins are 3rd century radiates. The descriptions are as follows:

1) A copper alloy Roman coin; a nummus of Constantius II (323 - 361), FEL TEMP REPARATIO fallen horseman type (354 - 361). This coin is probably a contemporary copy and could have been minted from 354 until 402 AD. It has a diameter of 13.1mm and is 1.3mm thick. It weighs 0.85g. The mintmark is TRS, so it is a copy of a coin minted in Trier. For reference see Carson (et al.), number 72. Thickness: 1.3mm, diameter: 13.1mm, weight: 0.85g. PAS ref: SWYOR-367518

2) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Carausius (286 - 293) with Pax on the reverse. It has a diameter of 19mm and is 2.1mm thick. It weighs 3.01g. Thickness: 2.1mm, diameter: 19mm, weight: 3.01g. PAS ref: SWYOR-369BC2

3) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Victorinus (268 - 270) with Pax on the reverse with "V *" in the field (269 - 270). It has a diameter of 19.1mm and is 1.5mm thick. It weighs 1.68g. The edge of the coin is damaged. For reference Cunetio 2530 and see Sear Volume 3, number 11174. Thickness: 1.5mm, diameter: 19.1mm, weight: 1.68g. PAS ref: SWYOR-36B916

4) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Claudius II Gothicus (268 - 270), inidentified reverse

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8822 Page 351 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report type, probably Mint of Rome. It has a diameter of 15.3mm and is 1.3mm thick. It weighs 1.57g. Thickness: 1.3mm, diameter: 15.3mm, weight: 1.57g. PAS ref: SWYOR-36E687

5) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Tetricus I (271-4), COMES AVG reverse type. It has a diameter of 16.8mm and is 1.1mm thick. It weighs 1.2g. This coin is possibly a contemporary copy. See Besly & Bland, c.f. 2602. Thickness: 1.1mm, diameter: 16.8mm, weight: 1.2g. PAS ref: SWYOR-372E41

6) A copper alloy Roman coin; a contemporary copy (barbarous radiate) of a radiate coin which is unintelligable. It has a diameter of 10.2mm and is 1.3mm thick. It weighs 0.47g. Thickness: 1.3mm, diameter: 10.2mm, weight: 0.47g. PAS ref: SWYOR-374881

7) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Carausius (286 - 293), possibly Pax or Salus reverse type. It has a diameter of 22.1mm and is 1.4mm thick. It weighs 3.01g. Thickness: 1.4mm, diameter: 22.1mm, weight: 3.01g. PAS ref: SWYOR-375AB7

8) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Gallienus (sole reign, 260-8), DIANAE CONS AVG, Rome. It has a diameter of 23.1mm and is 1.5mm thick. It weighs 3.4g. See Besly & Bland, 1401. Thickness: 1.5mm, diameter: 23.1mm, weight: 3.4g. PAS ref: SWYOR-377020

9) A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate of Galleinus (sole reign, 260-8), Victory reverse. The coin was probably minted in Mint I. It has a diameter of 17.4mm and is 1.7mm thick. It weighs 2.02g. c.f. Besly & Bland, 1238. Thickness: 1.7mm, diameter: 17.4mm, weight: 2.02g. PAS ref: SWYOR-3789D7

10) Copper alloy Roman coin; radiate of Tetricus II (271 - 274), [COMES AVG], Victory on the reverse. Possibly a contemporary copy. The coin has a diameter of 17.1mm and is 1mm thick. It weighs 1.25g. Bland & Burnett, p. 197, c.f. 152. Thickness: 1mm, diameter: 17.1mm, weight: 1.25g. PAS ref: SWYOR-38B917

11) Copper alloy Roman coin; an illegible radiate, probably dating from 260 - 275. The coin has a diameter of 18.5mm and is 1.1mm thick. It weighs 1.69g. Thickness: 1.1mm, diameter: 18.5mm, weight: 1.69g. PAS ref: SWYOR-38D953

12) Copper alloy Roman coin; an illegible radiate, probably dating from 260 - 275. The coin has a diameter of 17.8mm and is 1.2mm thick. It weighs 1.41g. Thickness:1.2mm, diameter: 17.8mm, weight: 1.41. PAS ref: SWYOR-38E8B8

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist >4/2/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8822 Page 352 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, see description for PAS references. Desc.text Carson, Hill & Kemp. 1960. Late Roman Bronze Coinage. Spink & Son, London. Desc.text E. Besly & R. Bland. 1983. The Cunetio Treasure: Roman coinage of the Third Century AD. British Museum. Desc.text R. Bland & A. Burnett. 1988. The Normanby hoard and other Roman coin hoards. British Museum.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8823 Page 353 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8823 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 30 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 37600

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 330AD to 402AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A copper alloy Roman coin; contemporary copy of a fourth century nummus, with a House of Constantine GLORIA EXERCITVS type reverse (330±335 AD) and a diademed bust probably of Constantius on the obverse. The coin has a diameter of 16.4mm and is 1.6mm thick. It weighs 1.7g. The coin was probably minted in 330±402 AD. For reference see Reece and James (2000  ³Identifying Roman Coins´Discovered by a metal detectorist before 28/11/2007.

Thickness: 1.6mm,diameter:16.4mm, weight:1.7g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-6A55C8

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist 28/11/2007 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, record for SWYOR-6A55C8. Desc.text Reece, R., and James, S., 2000, Identifying Roman Coins

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8823 Page 355 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8825 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 31 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42400 36900

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 81AD to 96AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Copper alloy Roman coin; an As, possibly of Domitian (81 - 96) with an Altar on the reverse. The coin has a diameter of 27.5mm and is 1.7mm thick. It weighs 6.69g. The obverse is totally illegible. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 04/02/2008.

Thickness: 1.7mm, diameter: 27.5mm, weight: 6.69g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-38F522

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8825 Page 356 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist >4/2/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for PAS Ref. SWYOR- 38F522.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 8825 Page 357 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 8831 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 31 Oct 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42300 36800

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 286AD to 293AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A copper alloy Roman coin; a radiate, possibly a contemporary copy of a RSR issue coin of Carausius (286 - 293)from London. The coin has a diameter of 20.3mm and is 1.8mm thick. It weighs 2.51g. The legend and design seem to be confused, suggesting that it is a barbarous radiate (a contemporary copy). Obverse reads (IIII) CAR[AVSI](V)S PF AVG. The reverse type is µstanding figure (Sol?) facing a vase on the right and holding a sceptre/spear and a ?palm front. x in right field¶Discovered by a metal detectorist before 07/04/2008.

Thickness: 1.8mm, diameter: 20.3mm, weight: 2.51g.

PAS ref: SWYOR-0CF681

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist >7/4/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for PAS Ref. SWYOR- 0CF681

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 8905 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coins

Compiler Date RB 30 Sep 2014 RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 13 Mar 2009 JD 28 Nov 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43900 38200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 98-117 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 271-274 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 275-285 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 355-361 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 324-328 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 330-335 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 196-222 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 275-402 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 41-250 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 117-138 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 98-117 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 250-260 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 388-402 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 337-340 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 330-341 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 269-271 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 315-350 AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 275-296 AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy FIND Silver

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A total of 23 coins, dating from the 1st - 5th Centuries AD were found by the same member of the public whilst they were metal detecting on 18/08/2008. The coins were reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). NB: it is not stated that the coins were found together (apart from records SWYOR-4A5C87, SWYOR-4AFF43, and SWYOR-351AE3). The grid reference provided by the PAS records has been created from a paper map and is only accurate to a 100 metre square - as such it should be assumed that the coins all came seperately from this general area. [could this represent a scattered hoard?] For more detail regarding each PAS record see below:

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1) One silver radiate of an uncertain emperor (250 - 260 AD). The obverse face shows Radiate bust right and has an illegible inscription. The reverse shows unclear standing figure left. Diameter 19mm, weight 2.38g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-3548A4

2) One copper alloy radiate of Tetricus I (271 - 274 AD), Salus on the reverse, minted in Gaul Mint II. The obverse face of the coin shows a radiate, cuirassed and draped bust right and has the inscription IMP TETRICVS P F AVG. The reverse of the coin shows Salus standing left holding rudder and feeding snake entwined around an altar and has the inscription SALVS AVG. D. Diameter 18mm, weight 2.44g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-358A34

3) One copper alloy contemporary copy of a radiate of Claudius II (275 - 285 AD). The obverse side has a Radiate head right and has the inscription [DIVO CLAV]DIO. The reverse face shows an eagle standing left, head right with the inscription CONSECRATIO. Diameter 14mm, weight 0.99g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-35A102

4) One copper alloy contemporary copy of a nummus of Constantius II, Fel Temp Reparatio type (355 - 361 AD). The obverse face has a Diademed bust right. The reverse face shows a soldier advancing left spearing fallen horseman and has the inscription [FEL TEMP REPARATIO]. Diameter 14mm, weight 1.07g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-35B844

5) One copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (307 - 337 AD), Camp gate type (324 - 328 AD). The obverse face has a large bust right. The reverse face depicts a camp gate with two turrets; above, a star and has the inscription ? (PROVIDENTIA AVG). Diameter 19mm, weight 2.17g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-35CE30

6) One copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (306 - 361 AD), Gloria Exercitus type (330 - 335 AD). The obverse face has a Bust right. The reverse face shows two soldiers and two standards and the inscription [GLORIA EXERCITVS]. Diameter 14mm, weight 0.91 - PAS Ref. SWYOR-35DC47

7) One copper alloy nummus of the House of Theodosius, Salus Reipublicae type, possibly minted in Aquileia (388 - 402 AD). The obverse shows a Bust right with no inscription. The reverse shows Victory advancing left holding trophy and dragging captive; to left, barred-rho and has the inscription [SALVS REI PVBLICAE]. Diameter 13mm, weight 1.35g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-35EDE1

8) One copper alloy nummus of Theodora, Pietas Romana type (337 - 340 AD), minted in Trier. The obverse face shows a draped bust right and has the inscription FL MAX THEODORAE AVG. The reverse face shows Pietas standing holding infant and has the inscription PIETAS ROMANA. Diameter 15mm, weight 1.13g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-360637

9) One nummus of the House of Constantine (306 - 361 AD), Gloria exercitus type (330 - 341 AD). The obverse face of the coin has a bust right with an illegible inscription. The reverse face shows two soldiers and one of two standards and has the inscription [GLORIA EXERCITVS]. Diameter 15mm, weight 1.24g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4A18E8

10) One radiate of Victorinus (269 - 271 AD), sol standing on reverse, minted at Gaul mint I. the obverse side of the coin has a Radiate bust right and the inscription IMP C [...]. the reverse side of the coin shows Sol standing left holding a whip and has the inscription [INVICTVS]. Diameter 14mm, weight 1.11g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4A3E48

11) Three 4th-century nummi which are illegible. The obverse faces of the coins have the image of a 4th-century bust right with an illegible inscription. The reverse face is completely illegible - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4A5C87

12) One Roman coin; probably a radiate of an uncertain emperor. The obverse side of the coin has an illegible bust right and is otherwise illegible. Diameter 22mm, weight 4.03g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4A6DB3

13) One Roman coin; probably a plated contemporary copy of a denarius probably of Severan (196 - 222 AD). The obverse side of the coin has a laureate head right with an illegible inscription. The reverse of the coin has an unclear female standing left and the inscription PM TR [...] P P. Diameter 19mm, weight 1.77g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4AD454.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report 14) Two Roman coins - both illegible contemporary copies of radiates or numni. The obverse sides of the coins show an unclear bust right and are otherwise illegible. Weight 2g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-4AFF43.

15) Three Roman Coins; copper alloy illegible As. The coins show traces of bust on the obverse sides but are otherwise illegible - PAS Ref. SWYOR-351AE3

16) One copper alloy As of Hadrian (117 - 138 AD), with Salus on the reverse. Minted in Rome circa 121 - 134 AD. The obverse face of the coin has a Laureate head right with an illegible inscription. The reverse of the coin shows Salus standing left feeding serpent at altar and has the inscription [...] COS III (in exergue). Diameter 24mm, weight 5.92g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-352732

17) One copper alloy Sestertius possible of Trajan (98 - 117 AD), minted in Rome. The obverse face has a bust right and no inscription. The reverse face is illegible. Diameter 30mm, weight 14.51g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-353CB3

18) One copper alloy Dupondius of Trajan (98 - 117 AD), minted in Rome. The obverse face of the coin has a Bust right and an illegible inscription. The reverse face of the coin is illegible. Diameter 30mm, weight 10.99g - PAS Ref. SWYOR-34F560

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 18/08/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4AFF43 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234983 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4AD454 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234971 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4A6DB3 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234958 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4A5C87 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234957 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4A3E48 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234952 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-4A18E8 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234949 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-360637 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234826 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-35EDE1 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234822 (viewed 30/09/2014)

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Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-35DC47 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234821 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-35CE30 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234818 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-35B844 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234816 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-35A102 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234813 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-358A34 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234807 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-3548A4 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234798 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-353CB3 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234794 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-352732 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234790 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-351AE3 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234788 (viewed 30/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-34F560 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/234783 (viewed 30/09/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 8906 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Brooch

Compiler Date RB 01 Oct 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43900 38200

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) BROOCH c.700-900 AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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A gilt copper alloy brooch fragment; the decorative pin head from an annular brooch. Found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting in 1988. The brooch was reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme in 2007. After it was recorded it was returned to the finder.

The brooch is Irish and dates from the eighth or ninth century. The fragment is 45mm long, 7.6mm wide and 10.5mm thick. It weighs 22.5g and is in good condition. The pin head is basically lozenge shaped and consists of a central lozenge shaped recess with four sub-rectangular panels round it. The panels are linked by sub-circular settings. A semi-circular cell projects from the outer edge of each panel. This style is very characteristically Irish, with the panels containing fine chip-carved interlace separated by bold ridged borders. At the base of the pin head is a tapered rectangular projection which steps down at the end where it is decorated with six horizontal grooves. The upper part of the projection is decorated with incised spirals forming a stylised animal head. The metal is solid but there is some green corrosion. Much of the gilding survives. It is possible that there was once a filigree panel in the central lozenge. The reverse of the pin head is mainly flat and the edges are rounded. Two rounded parallel lugs project near the top which have another piece of metal surviving between them. In line with these lugs, but at the bottom of the pin head is a pair of raised ridges. It seems likely that the pin itself fitted between the ridges and was attached to the lugs. It probably arched over the frame which would have fitted through the gap between the ridges and the lugs. There is white material surviving between the ridges and the lugs which may be remains of solder used to fix the pin head to the shaft. This technique can be paralleled on a brooch from Mull, number 75 in "The Work of Angels", which is of Irish manufacture. This example is also gilded copper alloy has roundels at each corner of the lozenge. The design is interpreted as a cross with roundels at the end of each arm, and the top of the shaft as a stylised animal head. It dates from the eighth century (R. M. Spearman and M Ryan, 1989). Another parallel is the annular brooch from Tara, number 77 in "The Work of Angels". This has a similar pin head but the head is riveted to the shaft. This silver gilt brooch has been attributed to the ninth century (Youngs, 1989). Evidence from documentary sources and sculptures suggest that these brooches were worn by both men and women, singly on the chest by women, or on the shoulder by men (Geake pers comm.). The presence of Irish metalwork in England is best explained by trade and the recycling of decorative metalwork in the ninth and tenth centuries. Many Irish mounts of a similar date to this brooch fragment have been found in England and they provide evidence that many highly decorative semi- precious items were coming from Ireland in the ninth and tenth centuries as well as bullion and silver jewellery (Youngs 2001). One such example is the gilded casket mount with interlace decoration on display at Doncaster Museum.

This has been noted as an interesting find by the recorder.

PAS ref: SWYOR-D59436

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 1988 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-D59436 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/192099 (viewed 01/10/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 8907 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Coin

Compiler Date RB 02 Oct 2014 RB 01 Oct 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43800 37300

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) COIN c.600-750 AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Silver

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Silver Early Medieval sceat. North East Anglian type and is series QIH (= BMC type 35). Found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting in February 2006. The coin was reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) before being returned to the finder.

Obverse description: Bust facing right with a cross in front of face. Obverse inscription: Uninscribed. Reverse description: Fantastical quadrupen standing left with head turned right looking over shoulder and long tail across the front of the legs. Thickness: 1.37 mm; Weight: 0.76 g; Diameter: 11.81 mm

PAS ref: SWYOR-3B48D5

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 02/2006 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-3B48D5 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/129609 (viewed 02/10/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 8919 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Coin, Aberford

Compiler Date JD 12 Jan 2018 RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 01 Dec 2008

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44400 38400

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN 196AD to 198AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Silver

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Roman coin; silver denarius of Caracalla as Caesar (196 - 198), minted in Rome. The obverse of the coin shows a draped bust right with the inscription (M AVR ANTON CAES PONTIF). The reverse of the coin shows Caracalla standing left, holding baton and spear; to right, trophy with the inscription PRINCIPI [IVVENTVTIS]. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 18/08/2008.

Diameter 198mm, weight 2.4g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-4B37B1

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <18/8/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, record for PAS Ref. SWYOR- 4B37B1

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9249 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Seal Box Lid

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 29 May 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ARTEFACT, OTHER 1AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Copper alloy Roman seal box lid. Seal boxes were used to protect wax seals that were attached to documents whilst on their travels. Often the box would have holes in the bottom where it was attached to the message, the wax seal was then made inside the box. The lid is lozenge shaped with a decorated front surface. The edges of the lid have a slight lip so that the underneath is hollow. One point of the lid has broken away, this is probably where the hinge once was. The front is decorated with a large ring and dot at the centre, this looks to have had blue enamel in it although most of this has worn away. On either side of this is a single raised dot and the background is red enamel. Around the edge of the lid there is a border with remnants of blue enamel. There are a number of similar examples of complete seal boxes in the Roman Castleford report, Vol.I µThe small finds¶Fig. 37, Nos. 493 & 498. discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005.

Length 40.08mm, width 20.01mm, thickness 4.04mm, weight 5.64g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-7458F3

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 28/10/2008, record for SWYOR-7458F3 Doc.ref. Cool, H.E.M. & Philo, C. (eds.), 1998, Roman Castleford Volume 1: The Small Finds.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9298 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 30 Jun 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 9306

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43500 36200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 100AD to 200AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Copper alloy enamelled Roman brooch, possibly a trumpet or head stud variant and dating to around the 2nd century. The brooch is in good condition and has red and blue enamelled decoration in the form of interlocking triangles down the entire bow. The brooch has a circular wire head loop which is cast integrally with a rectangular decorated collar; this has five interlocking triangles on it ±two blue and three red. The brooch has some moulding at the waist, reminiscent of the moulding on trumpet brooches and a hinged pin mechanism. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005.

Length 45.36mm, width 16.78mm, thickness 16.6mm, weight 7.51g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-205B12 Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9298 Page 373 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-205B12.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 9299 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Incomplete Roman Dragonesques Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 30 Jun 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 9306

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43500 36200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 75AD to 175AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9299 Page 375 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

An incomplete copper alloy Roman Dragonesque brooch. The S-shaped body has a zoomorphic terminal with large ears and a curled snout at each end. The snouts curl right back on to the top of the head creating a circular hole. Each head has a raised circular eye with a concentric groove around it and there are three large circular domed bosses, each surrounded by a concentric groove, in the centre of the brooch. The brooch has a raised surface. The missing pin would have been looped around the neck of the upper head then hooked under the lower head. The brooch has a large area of iron corrosion over one head indicating that the pin may have been iron. Although the pin does not survive, Johns (1996) suggests that the pins on these brooches would have had an exaggerated curve to enable them to pass through quite a thick fold of cloth before being hooked under the other neck. On the back, the brooch is hollow at each ear and at the centre. These brooches were possibly worn in pairs like other forms of Roman brooch. The style of Dragonesque brooches is inspired by 'Celtic' designs, but brooches of this type are Roman in date, AD 75-175. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005.

Length 57.82mm, width 23.29mm, thickness 9.33mm, weight 22.25g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-771527

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-771527.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9299 Page 376 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

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Primary Record Number 9300 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Umbonate Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 02 Jul 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 9307

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 100AD to 200AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9300 Page 377 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Copper alloy Roman umbonate brooch. This type of brooch is a native British type and dates to the 2nd century. The brooch is circular in shape and has a domed surface with a small protruding central knob. The brooch has six small lugs on the outside edge, three on each side - equidistant from each other, and a larger lug at the top and bottom; the top lug is a loop from which a chain may have been attached and the bottom lug (which has a ring and dot motif) has the catch plate on the reverse. The front surface of the brooch is heavily decorated. It has a pattern of two concentric circles of enamelled cells. The inner circle has a wheel motif in blue and orange enamel and is separated from the outer ring by a deep concentric groove. The outer ring is a sunburst pattern of interlocking triangles of enamel in blue and orange. There is a double pin bar lug on the reverse with the copper alloy pin-bar still in place and a small catch plate survives. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005. A similar but slightly more elaborate example can be seen in Hattatt¶s µAncient Brooches and other Artefacts¶Page 127, Fig 60, No.1574.

Length 38.96mm, width 32.37mm, thickness 11mm, weight 8.57g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-748C43

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-748C43. Desc.text Hattatt, R., 2000, A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt¶s Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9300 Page 378 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9301 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman 'Bow-and-Fantail' Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 02 Jul 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 9307

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 1AD to 200AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Copper alloy Roman Bow-and-fantail brooch. The brooch has a small rectangular head with a hinge pin mechanism; the pin does not survive. The bow is rectangular in section and fans out to a decorated triangular foot. On the reverse of this there is a bent catch plate. The foot is decorated with a trilobe Celtic knot design with a red enamel background. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005. A direct parallel can be seen in Hattatt¶s visual catalogue Fig.174, No.76.

Length 35.67mm, width 16.63mm, thickness 13.6mm, weight 5.6g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-747300

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9301 Page 379 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-747300.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9301 Page 380 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9302 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Seal Box Lid

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 02 Jul 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record Yes Group PRN 9307

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ARTEFACT, OTHER 1AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9302 Page 381 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Copper alloy Roman seal box lid. Seal boxes were used to protect wax seals that were attached to documents whilst on their travels. Often the box would have holes in the bottom where it was attached to the message, the wax seal was then made inside the box. The lid is lozenge shaped with a decorated front surface. The edges of the lid have a slight lip so that the underneath is hollow. One point of the lid has broken away, this is probably where the hinge once was. The front is decorated with a large ring and dot at the centre, this looks to have had blue enamel in it although most of this has worn away. On either side of this is a single raised dot and the background is red enamel. Around the edge of the lid there is a border with remnants of blue enamel. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005. There are a number of similar examples of complete seal boxes in the Roman Castleford report, Vol.I µThe small finds¶Fig. 37, Nos. 493 & 498, pp. 100-101.

Length 40.08mm, width 20.01mm, thickness 4.04mm, weight 5.64g

PAS Ref. SWYOR-7458F3

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-7458F3. Desc.text Cool, H.E.M. & Philo, C. (eds.) Roman Castleford: Excavations 1974-85: Vol. 1 The Small Finds.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9302 Page 382 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9306 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Two Roman Brooches

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 02 Jul 2009

Group record No. Yes Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 9298, 9299, 595, 1060, 1042, 6690

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43500 36200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth OCCUPATION SITE ROMAN century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 100AD to 200AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 75AD to 175AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material IMPLIED EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9306 Page 383 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible area of Roman Activity. The area was highlighted by the discovery of two Roman Brooches by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005 which are recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Pre-2008 finds locations provided by this finder refer to the area of the find whereas post 2008 locations refer to the specific find spot.

PAS ref nos: SWYOR-771527 & SWYOR-205B12

This area is located 180m east of Roman road 28b (PRN 595) and east of a crop mark complex (PRN 1042/1060) which includes Iron Age/Roman enclosures (both rectilinear and curvilinear forms), a pit alignment and trackways. A further crop mark complex (PRN 1059) which is formed by an Iron Age/Roman field system, an Iron Age rectilinear enclosure and a Roman curvilinear enclosure is located 480m to the south. A further Iron Age/Roman enclosure (PRN 6690) is located 390m to the east. All the crop mark evidence surrounding this area is suggestive of a high level or Iron Age and Roman Activity within this area.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-771527, SWYOR-205B12.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9306 Page 384 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9307 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Two Roman Brooches & Seal Box Lid

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 15 Mar 2010 JD 02 Jul 2009

Group record No. Yes Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 9301, 9300, 9302, 1062, 6990, 1079, 1080

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth OCCUPATION SITE ROMAN century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 1AD to 200AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 100AD to 200AD century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ARTEFACT, OTHER 1AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material IMPLIED EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9307 Page 385 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Possible Roman activity site highlighted by the discovery of Roman artefacts (two brooches and a seal box lid) by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005 which were recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme. PAS ref nos: SWYOR-7458F3, SWYOR-748C43 & SWYOR-747300.

The finds were discovered within a fragmentary Iron Age/Roman landscape expanding over a large area consisting of a curvilinear enclosure, five rectilinear enclosures, field boundaries and several pits of unkown date (PRNs 1062, 6990, 1079, 1080). All the crop mark evidence surrounding this area is suggestive of a high level of Iron Age and Roman activity in this area

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-7458F3, SWYOR-748C43, SWYOR-747300

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9307 Page 386 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9378 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Finger Ring

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 21 Aug 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth RING 1AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Copper alloy Roman finger ring with blue intaglio with figure, probably dating from the 2nd ±3rd centuries. The finger ring has a large decorative cast bezel area with simple moulding at either side of the oval bezel. The lower part of the hoop is narrow with a semi-circular section. The blue glass intaglio is quite worn but depicts a standing figure with one arm raised and the other lowered. The intaglio has been reattached by the finder. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005. NGR taken from centre of field.

Length 24.42mm, width 23.26mm, thickness 8.62mm, weight 7.6g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-3653D4

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9378 Page 387 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-3653D4

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9378 Page 388 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9379 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman T-shaped Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 21 Aug 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 1AD to 200AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9379 Page 389 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Copper alloy Roman T-shaped brooch dating from the 1st-2nd centuries. The brooch has short tubular wings with no decoration, an integrally cast headloop and a hinged pin mechanism on the back. The front has a rectangular plate forming the top half of the bow; this contains enamel decoration in the form of three small ovals down front containing yellow enamel (or fixative?) surrounded by crescent shaped and angular cells of red and blue enamel. The remainder of the bow tapers to the foot and has moulded decoration (possibly a simple acanthus below the decorated plate). The catchplate is solid and complete and a small part of the pin survives. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 20/06/2005. NGR taken from centre of field.

Length 45.45mm, width 20.47mm, thickness 22.56mm, weight 10.77g.

PAS Ref: SWYOR-35F6C1

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-35F6C1

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9379 Page 390 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9380 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Brooch

Compiler Date RB 13 Feb 2013 JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 21 Aug 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44700 36700

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BROOCH 1AD to 400AD century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Large copper alloy roman brooch. The brooch has a large circular integral headloop with a flat cast collar below; this has three latitudinal grooves. The brooch has no wings but there is a large hole running through the head where the hinged pin mechanism would have been. It is possible that the wings were separate and somehow attached through this hole too. The opening in the hinge case for the pin is off centre. Discovered by a metal detectorist before 26/06/2005.

Length 66.52mm, width 16.72mm, thickness 21.7mm, weight 26.47g.

PAS Ref. SWYOR-35E731

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9380 Page 391 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Metal Detectorist <20/6/2005 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Portable Antiquities Scheme database (www.finds.org.uk) record as of 22/05/2008, record for SWYOR-35E731

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9380 Page 392 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9427 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Ridge and Furrow, Aberford

Compiler Date RB 30 Oct 2015 RB 02 Oct 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43580 37210

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK CROPMARK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Medieval/post-Medieval and Post-Medieval ridge and furrow are visible as cropmarks and earthworks on air photographs taken by English Heritage in 2009.

EVENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9427 Page 393 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

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Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) AERIAL CONVENTIONAL AERIAL English Heritage 2004/2009 PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOGRAPHY

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Van Den Toorn, D. 2004. 'NMR Monument Report: 1401224' AP English Heritage. 11/03/2009. NMR refs: 20865/33-37

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location 44 43 37 52

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9427 Page 394 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 9575 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name An archaeological geophysical survey carried out by Phase Site Investigations

Compiler Date JD 16 Mar 2010 JD 11 Jan 2010 RB 30 Oct 2009

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41900 34500

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED Uncertain (all truly uncertain HEARTH Uncertain allocations)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material IMPLIED EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9575 Page 395 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

An archaeological geophysical survey (magnetic) covering approximately 7.4 hectares was carried out by Phase Site Investigations Ltd during late September 2009, in a pasture field located immediately east of Aberford Road, North Newhold (centred at SE 419 345), commissioned by Anna Badcock of ARCUS. A summary of the archaeological background of the site was written by West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service (WYAAS) during the specification for the geophysical survey; this indicated that previous large-scale-archaeological investigations on land immediately north-east and east of the survey area had identified evidence of Iron Age to post-Roman settlements, some of which continue towards the survey area. Human burials and a cremation associated with the Roman period were also located within the proposed development site. Post- medieval/modern quarrying and mining occurred over the majority of the site but the exact extent of this activity is not known.

Despite the data across the site being generally strongly disturbed, there were suggestions of archaeological activity, notably on the north-east and south of the survey area. These may possibly represent in-filled archaeological features, areas of burning (including hearths) or industrial archaeological features such as kilns; however, the number of isolated responses and the fact that they could have a variety of causes (including modern) makes reliable interpretation of these features difficult.

The geophysical survey was carried out using a Bartington Grad601-02 magnetic gradiometer . The survey area parallel to the northern field boundary was carried out on a 30m by 30m survey grid and the survey area parallel to the east field boundary on a 20m by 20m survey grid. All data was collected at 0.25m intervals over profiles spaced 1m apart.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY Phase Site Investigations Ltd 09/2009

Archive/Source type Reference Survey Phase Site Investigations Ltd. 2009. 'North Newhold, East Garforth: Archaeological Geophysical Survey (Project No. ARC/290/176)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 9575 Page 396 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10025 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Archaeological Investigations Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline

Compiler Date RF 19 Jun 2015 RF 30 Apr 2015 RF 31 Mar 2015 RB 01 Feb 2013 RB 26 Feb 2010

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 628, 625, 1083, 3056, 4226, 4139, 4166, 5139, 4168, 4166, 4139, 5138, 5062, 5791, 6904, 10026, 14504, 14506 UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44350 37950

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds W.Yorks. Thorner Leeds W.Yorks. Wothersome Leeds W.Yorks. Bardsey cum Rigton Leeds W.Yorks. Collingham Leeds W.Yorks. East Keswick Leeds W.Yorks. Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 10025 Page 397 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century) TRANSPORT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early TRACKWAY Prehistoric or Roman fifth century) MONUMENT century) MONUMENT century) TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ROAD Roman century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Romano-British century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth QUERN Romano-British century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK EXCAVATED FEATURE DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE FIND Pottery FIND Stone FIND Organic

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Prior to the construction of a gas pipeline from Asselby to Pannal between existing Above Ground Installations at Asselby in the East Riding of Yorkshire (SE 699 272) and near Pannal in North Yorkshire (SE 252 506) a desk based assessment (PRN 14482) was carried out in 2006. Subsequently a programme of non intrusive survey was undertaken. In 2006 a geophysical survey took place along the route of a gas pipeline and the work was carried out by Bartlett for Network Archaeology. Some of the features which fell within the construction corridor and are visible on aerial photographs were also recorded by this geophysical survey see PRN 4168, 4166, 4139 and 5138. These features are largely field systems and enclosures together with ridge and furrow...... As part of the evaluation work prior to the construction of the gas pipeline a field reconnaissance survey by Network Archaeology was undertaken in August and September 2006 and February 2007 visiting the sites identified by the desk-based assessment. Additionally a field walking survey was carried out in October 2006 and in February 2007 along the route of the gas pipeline from Asselby to Pannal by Network Archaeology. 10 of the total 47 areas surveyed fell within West Yorkshire. The material collected was predominantly post medieval and modern and did not exhibit any particular concentrations. A small number of flints were collected from a field to the south of the South Dyke within a cropmark enclosure (Site 20-4) (PRN 5062) and fragments of slag are mentioned. See Network Archaeology report for further details.

Following on from desk based assessment (PRN 14482) and other non-intrusive evaluation investigation (see above) a programme of recommendations for further archaeological investigation and mitigation along the proposed route of a gas pipeline from Asselby to Pannal was drawn up by Network Archaeology in April 2007. This involved the excavation of evaluation trenches and was undertaken by Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) in the Summer of 2007 and further open area

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Historic Environment Record Full Report excavation was undertaken in specific areas by Network Archaeology between February and June 2008.

The archaeological evaluation undertaken by Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) in the Summer of 2007 took place along the proposed route part of which cut through the north-east of West Yorkshire, passing near Thorner, Rigton Hill, Collingham, and East Keswick. The route of the pipeline (which measured 62km along its total length) was broken down into a number of smaller µpackages¶to enable relevant and meaningful discussion held at a more local scale. The µpackages¶ labelled H-K were located within the boundaries of West Yorkshire. Most of the trenches measured 2m by 20-60m, although a number were shorter and wider, measuring 4m by 15-30m.

Package H (Trenches 42-54c) was located south-west of Bramham and to the north-east of Thorner, with the trenches being at a height of 85m to 88m aOD, and located on high relief calcareous geology. Two of the trenches (Trench 43 and 53) in this package targeted known Roman roads (PRNs 628 and 3056), while the other trenches targeted geophysical anomalies in the surrounding area thought to represent part of a field system and associated enclosures observed to the north of the pipeline route.

A pair of parallel ditches were located in Trench 43, approximately 10m apart. It is possible that the ditches originally flanked a Roman road, although there was no sign of an agger, perhaps because of subsequent plough truncation. A single undated linear ditch was identified in Trench 53, however no further evidence for the anticipated Roman road was recovered. The enclosures targeted by Trenches 50 and 51 between Milner Beck and Thorner Lane (PRN 4168) were both identified, each of them producing Romano-British pottery (early 2nd-3rd centuries AD). Half a rotary quern stone was also recovered from Trench 50 suggesting possible settlement activity in the immediate vicinity of the trench. All the other trenches produced poor/no evidence for archaeological remains.

Package I (Trenches 55-66a) was located south of Collingham and to the east of East Rigton, with the trenches lying at a height of 80m to 97m aOD, on high relief calcareous geology. The trenches targeted a number of cropmarks and linear geophysical anomalies, some identified as part of a field system (PRN 4139); Trenches 64 and 65 were positioned to sample the conjunction of possible north-south and east-west trackways. All the trenches identified the geophysical anomalies/cropmarks they were targeted on (with one additional feature ±ditch 2261±being identified in Trench 58a) however none yielded any datable finds.

Package J (Trench 66b) was located to the west of Collingham and to the north-east of East Keswick, with the single trench excavated lying at a height of 32 aOD. It was thought to be located on Holocene alluvium geology, but deposits of colluvium and boulder clay were detected in the trench. Trench 66b was positioned to sample a single linear geophysical anomaly that was thought to relate to a cropmark enclosure system (PRN 5139) approximately 300m further to the west. A ditch (measuring 2.2m wide and 1m deep, with no finds) was excavated that corresponded to the anomaly.

Package K (Trenches 71-73) was located to the north-east of East Keswick and to the west of Collingham, with the trenches lying at a height of 75m aOD, on high relief non-calcareous geology. The trenches were all positioned to target linear geophysical anomalies; Trenches 71 and 73 each targeted one anomaly (PRN 5139), whilst Trench 72 sampled two parallel anomalies that were interpreted as a possible trackway. The trenches all revealed relatively shallow ditches (measuring between 0.4-1.1m wide and 0.25m and 0.4m deep) corresponding to the geophysical survey. No finds were recovered from any of the features......

Further open area excavation was undertaken in specific areas and were completed by Network Archaeology between February and June 2008.

Site 20-4 east: The curvilinear enclosure at SE 4463 3756 which was part of a field system (PRN 5062), to the south of South Dyke was excavated. The excavation found that the D shaped enclosure was formed by a V shaped ditch with a maximum width of 1.8m depth of 1m, with an entrance c. 4m wide on the western side. A small pit from which two sherds of pottery were recovered may have been contemporary with the enclosure. The enclosure ditch was re-cut with a W shaped profile, c. 1m wide and 1m deep. A radiocarbon date from charred plant material in the fill of this feature returned a later Iron Age date (SUERC-34115). Other features which may date to this phase of activity included a north-south aligned boundary ditch abutting the north-east corner of the enclosure. After a partial silting these features were re-cut and this later phase of activity may have

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Historic Environment Record Full Report been contemporary with the trackway to the west and other enclosure boundaries.

Site 20-4 west: please see PRN 14504 for excavations at South Dyke. Topographic survey and excavations were carried out at the Aberford Dykes, Becca Banks and South Dyke see PRN 10026 and 14504.

AP 33: Excavation at SE 44105 38225, to the north of Becca Banks confirmed an enclosure indicated by geophysical anomalies and cropmarks (PRN 1083). Boundaries and an inhumation burial were also found, pre-dating the enclosure. A radiocarbon date from a bone sample from the inhumation indicated a later Iron Age or early Roman date, AD 70-230 (1870 +/-30 BP; SUERC- 34523). Excavation to the north-west of the enclosure recorded field boundaries, perhaps created during the Roman period (Gregory et al. pp117-121).

A64 compound site: please see PRN 14506

Site 3: The site of a conjectured Roman road (PRN 625). Two evaluation trenches (42 and 43) followed by an open area excavation measuring c. 75 x 32m at SE39623 41034 confirmed the presence of a road here but indicated that, in this area, it was of post medieval origin. A track c. 6m wide was recorded with a ditch at either side. The ditches had a maximum width of 2.6m. Post- medieval artefacts were recovered from the ditch (Gregory et al. 2013. p 150).

Site 26-2 at the site of evaluation trenches 60 and 61: Prior to excavation a series of cropmarks defining a ring ditch, enclosures and a track/droveway were identified at SE38558 43999, also detected as geophysical anomalies. The enclosures are probably linked to a more extensive cropmark boundary aligned north-south. Initially there were 2 evaluation trenches here followed by an open area excavation measuring 100 x 50m. Three phases of activity were identified by this excavation:- Phase 1 Iron Age The remains of a roundhouse and associated pit were the earliest features identified. Pottery recovered indicated they are dated to the Iron Age. They may have formed a part of an unenclosed settlement. The roundhouse was c. 10.7m in diameter with a 0.5m wide segmented ring gully, with a possible porch way covering an entrance. To the west of the roundhouse the pit was found to contain fire cracked pebbles, pottery of similar type and domestic refuse. Phase 2 Early Roman Four east-west aligned boundaries located so that they were interpreted as linking to a north ±south aligned boundary to form a series of ladder-like enclosures. However evidence for the boundary was absent as a result of later development. These boundaries may have been established and have been around the roundhouse, particularly as the structure was close to the centre of one of the enclosures and may indicate that an unenclosed settlement was subsequently enclosed in the Roman period. To the west of the putative north-south boundary two of the linked east-west boundaries created a small enclosure. 9.4m wide. The lower fill of one of these ditches contained a large strap hinge of likely Roman date and a single sherd of Roman Greyware was recovered from another ditch. Charcoal samples from another ditch gave radiocarbon dates suggesting that the boundary had been largely filled by the mid to late Roman period, (AD 260-540, 1655+/-30 +/-30 SUERC-34029 and AD 240-400 1725+/-30 SUERC-34030). Phase 3 late Roman Following the filling of the phase 2 boundaries during the mid to late Roman period the major north- south boundary of the site was re-cut likely in the late Roman period. Its fill contained pottery of late 3rd or 4th century date. A trackway also aligned north ±south and constructed from river cobbles was established in this period.

Site 26-3 SE 3480 44382, at the site of evaluation trenches 64 and 65: One of the more prominent cropmarks in this area is a north-south aligned track or droveway (PRN 4139) leading to a natural spring above Collingham Beck. Where this feature was crossed by the pipeline three evaluation trenches were excavated and an open area measuring 32 x 100m. Three phases of activity were identified. A shallow north-south aligned ditch varied in width from 0.3m ±1m and had a maximum depth of 0.3m. It may have secured a palisade. Short gullies and post holes were identified to the east of the palisade and may have represented parts of a structure associated with the palisade. No dateable material was recovered from these features but on the basis of their relationship to later features they are thought to date to the later Iron Age. The palisade and putative structures were probably replaced by a fairly substantial boundary defined by a v shaped ditch, aligned north-east ±south-west and is visible for some 200m south as a cropmark (PRN 4139). This boundary had a maximum width of 3.1m and a depth of 1.4m. It

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Historic Environment Record Full Report appears to have silted up naturally over time. In the northern part of the site this boundary was similarly defined by a substantial ditch, 4.3m wide and 1.2m deep and the cropmark evidence indicates that the feature continues for at least 400m north of the site and that further north it formed the western boundary of the track/droveway. After partial natural silting part of this ditch was re-cut indicating that it was maintained. No dating evidence was recovered from these features and radiocarbon dates from charcoal which gave 6th-9th century dates were dismissed as likely to have resulted from intrusive charcoal. Phase 3 Within the excavated area the metalled surface of the trackway was intermittently visible as a metalled surface or small worn cobbles and a piece of Iron Age/Roman quern was incorporated into the surface. The metalled surface was bound by three ditches and also one of the phase two ditches is incorporated into the track feature. The positions of these features indicate that at this point the track droveway formed a Y shaped junction between two routes. One was c. 5m wide and arced in a roughly north-south direction and the other was c. 10m across and was aligned east- west. All of the phase three ditches which defined the junction were of comparable dimension, c. 2m wide ad c. 0.08m deep. Intrusive material was found in the fills of the ditches and radiocarbon dates were dismissed as residual. A crouched burial was found c. 1.8m south-west of one of the diches and may have been associated with the trackway. A radiocarbon date from a bone sample gave a later Iron Age date for the inhumation (170 BC- AD 20, 2050+/-30 SUERC-34519).

For further information please see copies of reported filed in the HER and Gregory et al. 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline 2007-8¶

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION EVALUATION OA North 2007 GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY Bartlett Oct 2006 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SYSTEMATIC Network Arcaheology 2006-07 SURVEY FIELDWALKING SURVEY EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Network Archaeology 2007-8 EXCAVATION EVALUATION Network Archaeology 2007 WATCHING BRIEF OA North 2007

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Report OA North. 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Natural Gase Pipeline: Archaeological Evaluation' Report Network Archaeology, 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Proposed Natural Gas Pipeline Recommendations Document: Archaeological Investigation and Mitigation' report no. 529 Report Network Archaeolology, 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey Report: Addendum' Report no 521 Report Network Archaeolology, 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Archaeological Field Reconnaissance Survey Report' Report Bartlett, A.D.H., 2006. 'Asselby to Pannal Report on a Archaeogeophysical Survey of Proposed Gas Pipeline 2006 Part 1 Report and Inventory of Findings' Report Bartlett, A.D.H., 2007. ' Proposed Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Supplementary Archaeogeophysical Survey Report' Report Bartlett, A.D.H., 2007. ' Proposed Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Supplementary Archaeogeophysical Survey Report Report Bartlett, A.D.H., 2006. ' Asselby to Pannal Report on Archaeogeophysical Survey of Proposed Gas Pipeline 2006 Part 2 Survey Plans and Data Archive' Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶ Report OA North, 2010. 'Aberford to Pannal Pipeline North and West Yorkshire Archaeological Excavation, Evaluation and Watching Brief Post Excavation Assessment

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10026 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Aberford to Pannal Pipeline: The Aberford Dykes Complex - Becca Banks

Compiler Date JD 27 Oct 2017 RF 02 Mar 2016 RF 30 Apr 2015 RF 23 Mar 2015 RF 13 Mar 2015 JD 16 Mar 2010 RB 26 Feb 2010

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6903, 10025, 14504

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44225 38135

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ARTEFACT Mesolithic (Post-glacial to c. BLADE Mesolithic 3500 BC) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) Neolithic ARTEFACT Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) SCRAPER (TOOL) Bronze Age MONUMENT MONUMENT (EARTHWORK) MONUMENT MONUMENT ARTEFACT Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) FLINT Iron Age MONUMENT century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY 2nd-3rd century century) MONUMENT ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE FIND Flint EARTHWORK FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

In advance of the construction of a natural gas pipeline a topographical survey was undertaken in 2007 by Network Archaeology. This included an area across Becca Banks (PRN 6903). The survey found Becca Banks measured c. 30m in width within the proposed pipeline corridor. The survey revealed the extent to which the earthworks have been damaged by ploughing, with the slope of the bank barely perceptible on the north side and although upstanding on the southern side it may have slumped......

In advance of the construction of a natural gas pipeline the evaluative desk-based work, field visit and topographic survey at Becca Banks are discussed in the context of the Aberford Dykes and the mitigation suggested to minimise the impact of the pipeline construction on these earthworks is discussed in Network Archaeology report on the Aberford Dykes Complex in June 2007......

In advance of the construction of a natural gas pipeline an earthwork survey to preserve by record a section of the Scheduled Monument known as Becca Banks (SM No. 31519; PRN 6903). This work was undertaken in January 2008 by Ed Dennison in a survey area measuring 102m north south x 58m east-west. This area of Becca Banks had been ploughed for a considerable period resulting in a spreading and rounding of the earthwork. The survey noted that this section of Becca Banks

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Historic Environment Record Full Report conformed to the overall pattern for the monument noted elsewhere through excavation, that is, a bank situated on the top of a probable natural scarp with a ditch running along the south side. The estimated width of the bank in this section was c. 11.5m and any discrepancies between this section and other excavated sections can largely be explained by the effect of ploughing in this area......

An excavation was undertaken by Network Archaeology during the spring of 2008 on a 22m length of the Scheduled Monument known as Becca Banks (SM No. 31519; PRN 6903) at SE 44225 38135, in advance of the construction of a natural gas pipeline. The principal excavation area measured c.42m by 22m, and covered an area of approximately 924 sq.m.

Pre-monument activity was represented by an extensive buried soil found preserved under the monument bank. An assemblage of prehistoric flints was recovered from this soil. This included a Mesolithic backed blade and an assemblage of thumb nail scrapers which were late Neolithic or early Bronze Age in origin.

The palaeosol was cut by a north to south aligned field boundary ditch (measuring roughly 2.2m wide and 1.2m deep), which was accompanied by banks on both sides and traced for c. 13m. Although the ditch feature did not produce any datable artefacts, and produced a radiocarbon date which was dismissed as derived from a residual hazelnut shell, the ditch was interpreted as forming part of a pre-Becca Banks, Iron Age, field system. An alignment of 4 substantial postholes (diameters ranging between 0.44 to 1.03m and between 0.64m and c.1m deep) was also recorded in this phase.

Becca Banks has two principal elements a ditch and an associated bank. The in-situ bank of Becca Banks was located directly beneath the modern ploughsoil and measured up to 14m in width. It followed an east-west alignment along the top of the slope overlooking the ditch. Excavation revealed that the bank survived to a maximum height of 0.6m, and it overlay the original ground surface (palaeosol). Unsurprisingly, the monument bank appeared to have been formed by the upcast from the original ditch being thrown up to form a parallel bank.This material sealed a low linear mound interpreted as a pile of turves created when the ditch was originally dug and may have acted as a marker bank used as a guide to construction.

The ditch, when excavated, was approximately 2.5m deep and 5-6m wide, and probably originally had a flat bottomed profile; a single cut was recorded, and there was no evidence of any recutting. It was shown during the excavation that although the limestone substrate was permeable, local conditions were such that the ditch would retain water for some time. No dating evidence was recovered from the excavation of the bank or ditch, however the bank was cut by a pit containing Romano-British pottery, which was itself sealed by colluvium that abutted the bank. This colluvium contained Romano-British and medieval pottery. It appears that a likely date for the construction of the bank is in the Iron Age. The disparity between the large size of the ditch as compared with the modest scale of the surviving bank, strongly suggests that the majority of the original bank has now gone, presumably either eroded back into the ditch, and/or levelled during the mid-20th century.

At some point after the construction of the monument part of the hillside and the bank have collapsed into the ditch. There was no dating evidence to indicate when this event occurred but the ditch was still empty when it happened. Although this appeared to be a localised occurrence it is possible that other section of Becca Banks underwent similar episodes of degradation.

Following the construction of Becca Banks evidence was found of three boundaries created in the Romano-British period. One of these clearly respected the position of Becca Banks. One of these boundaries was c. 0.8m wide and c. 0.5m deep with a U shaped profile. A sherd of 3rd century Black Burnished ware was recovered from its fill. This boundary was aligned north-south and terminated c. 10m south of the ditch of Becca Banks, apparently joining a second potential boundary which was parallel to Becca Banks.

The third boundary lay to the north and this ditched boundary and was essentially a re-cut of part of the Iron Age ditch to the north of Becca Banks suggesting that the Iron Age land holdings were partially retained following the construction of Becca Banks. A sherd of 3rd century Greyware was recovered from the fill of this boundary.

Following the landslide into the ditch of Becca Banks the feature continued to fill up during the Roman period. Several deposits within it contained pottery dating to the 2nd - 3rd century. The process of silting up continued into the medieval and post-medieval periods.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Two pits lay to the north of Becca Banks, one of which had been cut into a silted up terminal of a Romano-British boundary ditch the other into the remains of the bank of Becca Banks. These were dated to the early medieval period.

For further details regarding the excavation please see the report (Network Archaeology, 2008), a copy of which is on file at West Yorkshire HER and Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline 2007-8¶

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Network Archaeology 2008 MEASURED SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY Ed Dennison Archaeological 01/2008 Services MEASURED SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY Network Archaeology 2007

Archive/Source type Reference Report Network Archaeology. 'Aberford to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline: The Aberford Dykes Complex - Becca Banks: Preliminary Excavation Report' Compact disk Network Archaeology, 2010. 'Aberford to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline The South Dyke and Becca Banks: Archaeological Assessment' report no 552 Report Network Archaeology, 2007. 'Asselby To Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Topographic Survey Report' Report no. 535 Report Network Archaeology, 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Archaeological Supplement: The Aberford Dykes Complex' Report No. 534 Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶ Report Dennison, E. 2008. 'Asselby to Pannal Gas Pipeline, Topographical Survey of Becca Banks' 2007/307.R01 Report Network Archaeology, 2010. 'Aberford to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline The South Dyke and Becca Banks: Archaeological Assessment' report no 552

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10648 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching Brief at Sturton Grange, Garforth

Compiler Date RB 02 Feb 2015 RB 11 Mar 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1031, 7496

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42400 33220

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Micklefield

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY 11th-13th Century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In February and March 2009 Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) undertook an archaeological watching brief during the groundworks for the installation of 80 static caravans at Sturton Grange. Sturton Grange was a c.12th-century medieval monastic centre, and is located in the midst of an extensive cropmark landscape of later iron Age and Romano-British date.

The groundworks consisted of narrow service trenches measuring between 0.5m and 0.8m in width and up to 1.5m in depth. Most of these trenches did not encounter any archaeological features or deposits. The single identified archaeological feature was partially exposed within Trench 7, and measured approximately 6.7m by 3m in plan and had a total depth of 1.4m. The main fill of the feature contained a large amount of limestone fragments, suggesting a deliberate infilling episode; from this mid brown clayey silt was recovered 28 sherds of pottery, many of which fitted together. This pottery has been dated to the date range of later 11th to early 13th century, which falls within the period of administrative control of Sturton Grange by Holy Trinity Priory, York.

For further details regarding the watching brief please see the full report (ASWYAS, 2009), a copy of which is on file at West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - ASWYAS 04/2009

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS. 2009. 'Sturton Grange, Garforth: Archaeological Watching Brief'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10954 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Aberford House

Compiler Date RB 03 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342237

UDA No. 1135619 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43361 37166

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE 18th-century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

18th-century house (altered internally) with front garden wall, gatepiers and paved parterre. The house is built of magnesian limestone ashlar, with a roof of graduated stone slates. L- shaped plan: three structural bays with short rear wing to first bay, plus service extension at left end. Classical style. Of two storeys, five first-floor windows, symmetrical, with rusticated quoins, ground-floor sillband, modillioned cornice, partly-balustraded parapet; two doorways flanking the middle bay, each with panelled door, rectangular 3-pane fanlight, pedimented architrave with consoles. At ground floor two windows to each bay, at first floor five windows symmetrically disposed, all these with plain architraves, and mostly 12-pane sashes, except those at ground floor of first bay which are inverted sashes with six panes in the lower leaf and nine in the upper, and that over the left- hand door, which is blind. Parapet balustrades align with first-floor windows. Hipped roof with ridge chimney at junction of first and second bays, and end-wall chimneys. Lower 2-storey service extension slightly set back at left end has small windows; single-storey wing at right-hand end, with small square window. Rear: wing to first bay in form of 2-storey canted bay, with sashed windows; doorway and stairlight at junction of second and third bays, otherwise two 12-pane sashes on each floor; service extension has Venetian window to former kitchen. Interior of less interest. Included in the item is the front garden wall to full width of house, of dressed stone with banded gatepiers and inner paved parterre with eight broad steps leading up to the house. (Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List of England, amended 1986)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles, (RCHME) 05/1979 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 'Aberford House' National Heritage List of England (date first listed 03/02/1967) Photograph Giles, G, (RCHME), 1979, Aberford House Drawing Giles, G, (RCHME), 1979, Aberford House

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10955 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Barn or Coach House and Stable Range at Beckside Farm

Compiler Date RF 04 Jan 2018 RB 04 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342236

UDA No. 1200700 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43410 37290

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Georgian (1714 - 1836) BARN Later 18th-century SUBSISTENCE TRANSPORT Georgian (1714 - 1836) COACH HOUSE Later 18th-century AGRICULTURE AND Georgian (1714 - 1836) STABLE Later 18th-century SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Barn or coach house and stable range dating from later 18th-century, but altered. Built of squared sandstone with a stone slate roof. Rectangular plan, of two storeys and seven bays, with a slightly- projecting taller middle bay. North and south side identical: middle bay has tall elliptocal-headed wagon archway, a band at the level of the flanking eaves, an oculus and a pyramidal roof. Each flanking range has a round-headed doorway in the centre, two square windows at ground floor and three above (some of which have blocked openings and have been reduced to slits, or damaged and lack glazing). Hipped roofs.

Inside, the wagon passage has round-headed 2-bay arcades to each side, (Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List of England, 1986)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Photograph ?Thornborrow, P.H (WYAS). ?c.1985-1990. 'Coach House at Beckside Farm' Desc.text English Heritage. 'Barn or Coach House and Stable Range at Beckside Farm' National Heritage List of England (date listed 03/12/1986)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10956 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name 1-7 Bridge Cottages

Compiler Date RF 04 Jan 2018 RF 27 Jul 2016 RB 04 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43360 37260

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Church Terrace Settlement Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) WORKERS 1898 COTTAGE DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) TERRACE 1898

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Row of seven cottages, thought to have been built by the Gascoigne Family who owned Parlington Estate. A stone plaque reads: 'Bridge Cottages. 1898'. Although the cottages were built by the estate they would not have necessary have been occupied by estate workers, since there were other sources of employment in the area (e.g. coal mining, quarrying, candle making, the White Swan coaching inn).

The cottages are built of brick and stone - brick in stretcher bond for the front wall, and stone for the back and south side. The brick was presumably used on the front for show, and another decorative feature is the dentilled cill band at first-floor level. The houses are stepped up the slope and have roofs of thin slate and brick chimney stacks. They have casement windows of 2- and 3-lights, and board doors with 'Gothic-style' iron hinges and deep chamfered lintels. At the back the terrace is plainer, and brick voussoirs are used for the openings. The doors have fanlights at both front and back doors, and the windows cills are of thin, projecting, stone blocks.

Each house has a front garden and at the back are three brick privies and ashes blocks, located under a gable roof, and as such are more disguised than usual. It seems that maybe the estate owner was attempting to provide 'model housing' in this terrace.

Lucy Caffyn visited the terrace in November 1982 as part of the RCHME's workers' housing survey. She recorded No.1 in particular - its front entry is into a small lobby, and the living-room in heated and there was a set-pot in the scullery. A pantry, with a stone shelf, is lit by a small window and leads off the scullery. On the inner side of the scullery was a swinging gas fitting. Wooden steps lead down to the cellar from the living-room. It is stone flagged and instead of a central joist, the floor above is supported by pairs of diagonal struts between the common joists - an unusual feature. The stairs up the first floor are wooden and unusually shallow. There are three bedrooms; the front one and larger of the back ones are heated (the latter by a corner fireplace) and the for surrounds are still in place. (Text edited from Caffyn, 1982)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Lucy Caffyn, (RCHME) 11/1982 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1-7 Bridge Cottages Photograph Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1-7 Bridge Cottages Drawing Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1-7 Bridge Cottages Photograph, slide Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1-7 Bridge Cottages

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10957 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name 1 and 2 Bunkers Hill

Compiler Date RF 27 Jul 2016 JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 04 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43340 36610

O.S. 1:10000

Number 1-2 Street Bunkers Hill Settlement Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) WORKERS 1840 COTTAGE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Pair of stone built cottages, built in Gothic style, presumably by the Gascoigne family who owned the Parlington Estate. The cottages face west and were built c.1840. There are other similar pairs of cottages on the other side of the road, and on the other (northern) side of the village.

This pair are stone-built, with a thin slate roof and brick chimney stacks. The 'Gothic' effect is given by teh steep pitch of the roof, the dormer windows on the first-floor, the porches, the 2- or 3-light casement windows, the deep lintels, flush window cills and chamfered surrounds to the openings. The cottages have a front garden and had privies at the back.

When Lucy Caffyn visited the cottages as part of the RCHME's Workers' Housing survey in 1982, she recorded the interior of No.1. Entry, via the porch, is into a small vestibule that leads into the living-room. A back door leads from the scullery. There was originally a small cellar which was reached from the scullery, and a pantry divided off from the scullery (lit by one light of teh gable wall window). There is a large cupboard in the living-room at the base of the stairs. Stone stairs, lit by a skylight, lead up to the first floor. the largest bedroom is lit by a dormer window and is heated. The smaller front bedroom is lit by one light of a gable wall window. The area at the top of the stairs was originally open but has now been partitioned to provide a third separated-off room. (Text edited from Caffyn, 1982)

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Lucy Caffyn, (RCHME) 11/1982 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1 and 2 Bunkers Hill Photograph Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1 and 2 Bunkers Hill Drawing Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1 and 2 Bunkers Hill Photograph, slide Caffyn, L (RCHME), 1982, 1 and 2 Bunkers Hill

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10958 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Hicklam House

Compiler Date RB 04 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342241

UDA No. 1313205 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43369 36244

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Main Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Georgian (1714 - 1836) HOUSE 18th-century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

House (now house and shop), probably of mid-18th century date, but altered during the 19th century. Built of brick with limestone dressings (and rear wall of limestone rubble), with a slate roof. Square plan. Of three storeys and 3 x 3 bays, but with a single-storey semi-circular bay at each side. Designed in the Classical style, with plinth, rusticated stone quoins, ground-floor sillband, and modillioned cornice. There is a central doorway with fanlight now enclosed by flat-roofed stone porch with clasping pilasters, cornice, low parapet, and sashed window with sillband. There is also a doorway in right-hand side wall. Sashed windows with gauged brick heads and triple keystones: 12 panes at first floor, similar at ground floor but lower leaves altered, and square 6-pane sashes at second floor. Hipped roof with chimneys on side slopes. The return walls are similar to the front, but the front bay of each has a semicircular bay window; that on the left-hand side now incorporated in an addition which continues towards the rear, and the other has been altered to communicate with a glazed addition. The rear wall is of rubble, and is enclosed at ground floor by a passage between the house and the service range to the rear (which is not included in the item).

Inside there is an open-well staircase with open string, scrolled brackets, two slim vase baslusters per tread, ramped handrail wreathed to the curtail. At the half landing is an unusual Venetian screen with modillioned cornice. (Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List of England, 1986)

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In May 1979 Colum Giles and Philip Swan also visited the house as part of the RCHME's Rural Houses' Survey. A copy of their detailed architectural description, and copies of the photographs taken, are on file at West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Colum Giles and Philip Swan, 05/1979 ASSESSMENT (RCHME)

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Giles, C. & Swan, P. (RCHME), 1979, Hicklam House Photograph Giles, C (RCHME), 1979, Hicklam House Drawing Giles, C (RCHME), 1979, Hicklam House Desc.text English Heritage. 'Hicklam House' National Heritage List of England (date listed 03/12/1986)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10959 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Lotherton Hall Cottage

Compiler Date RF 27 Jul 2016 RB 04 Oct 2011 TR 16 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342234

UDA No. 1135618 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44905 36068

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Stuart (1603 - 1714) FARMHOUSE 17th-century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Farmhouse (now two dwellings), built probably during both the early and late 17th century in two builds, and later altered. Constructed of magnesian limestone rubble with quoins, and a stone slate roof on two levels. L-shaped plan: a 2-storey 3-bay range on east-west axis with a large 2 1/2-storey with a 2-bay receding wing at the east end (probably the earlier building). The south front of the main range (to garden) has a continuous dripcourse, altered openings at ground floor, and recessed chamfered mullion windows at first floor under the eaves, the last of which breaks the junction with the wing. The gable of the wing has recessed chamfered mullion windows of 3 and 2 lights at ground floor, 3 lights at first floor, and 2 lights in the attic. There are chimneys at both ends of the main range, and a large lateral chimney on the ridge of the wing, and another in the north-west angle. The right return wall has two 12-pane sashes at ground floor, some patched masonry suggesting former openings (including remains of one mullioned window), and two 3-light recessed mullion windows above. The rear gable of the wing has a 2-light mullioned cellar window, a similar window at first floor, and a raised doorway and sashed window at ground floor. The rear of the wing has a full- height gabled stair turret, but otherwise the rear of both parts is altered or covered by additions (including a lower gabled addition to the stairturret).

The interior of the wing includes a full-height open-well staircase with moulded string, square newels, turned balusters and moulded handrail ramped to the newels, but with evidence of alteration for relocation. There are some large chamfered beams, and timber framing in the rear wall (especially the stairturret) but they are concealed. At first floor there is a Tudor-arched chamber fireplace; chimney stack c.2 metres deep. (Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List of England, 1967)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 'Lotherton Hall Cottage and Lotherton Old House' National Heritage List of England (date listed 03/02/1967) Photograph, slide WYAS, 1990s. Lotherton Cottage Stairwell

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 10962 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief at Lotherton Park Farm Cottages

Compiler Date RF 04 Jan 2018 TR 20 Sep 2011

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6904

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 45270 36480

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) WATER SUPPLY Victorian (1837 -1901) CISTERN Late 19th-century or AND DRAINAGE early 20th-century DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) HOUSE Late 19th-century or early 20th-century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE DEMOLISHED BUILDING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In September 2004 On-Site Archaeology Ltd undertook a watching brief at Lotherton Park Farm Cottages, Copley Lane, Aberford. The main archaeological interest in the site was that its northern boundary is formed by the southeastern end of a scheduled feature ' Rein' (PRN 6904). Observation of mechanical removal of remaining footings and floor slab of the former late 19th-century cottages took place. The vault and dividing walls of an underground cistern were removed and the cistern infilled. No archaeological features or deposits associated with the scheduled monument were observed during this work. The stripping exposed natural limestone geology at a depth of 0.40m and there was no evidence of archaeological features cutting through this.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF On-Site Archaeology Ltd 2004

Archive/Source type Reference Report On-Site Archaeology Ltd., 2004. Lotherton Park Farm Cottages, Aberford. Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 11615 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief in the grounds of Lotherton Hall

Compiler Date RF 21 Dec 2017 RB 13 Jul 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3990, 8155, 1157

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44920 36150

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Late Medieval/Post- SUBSISTENCE FURROW Medieval ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY Late-11th to Early-13th Century AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) RIDGE AND Late Medieval/Post- SUBSISTENCE FURROW Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in October 2005, during preparatory groundworks for the construction of a children¶s playground in the grounds of Lotherton Hall (PRN 3990).

The presences of a 12th-century chapel and vestiges of ridge and furrow in the grounds of Lotherton Hall suggests that there may be the site of a deserted medieval settlement (see PRNs 8155 and 1157), which was then destroyed by the construction of Lotherton Hall .

The preparation for the playground involved the removal of tree stumps, topsoil and subsoil to create a level surface, and the excavations reached a maximum depth of 0.25m across the entire footprint of the playground. Vestiges of plough furrows, running on a north/south alignment were exposed, and pottery recovered from these furrows and retrieved from unstratified deposits was of later 11th to early 13th century date. It was though, however that given its provenance and abrasion, it is likely that the pottery had been disturbed during later medieval/post-medieval ploughing and incorporated into furrows rather the furrows being of earlier medieval date.

No other archaeological deposits or features were identified during the watching brief.

For further details, please see the final report (ASWYAS, 2012), a copy of which is on file in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF - ASWYAS 10/2005

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS. 2012. 'Lotherton Hall, Leeds: Archaeological Watching Brief'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 11615 Page 424 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 11630 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Gascoigne Almshouses and attached Wardens Cottage, Main Street, Parlington

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 TR 14 Aug 2012 TR 03 Aug 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 11361

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342246

UDA No. 1300616 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II*

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area Yes EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43236 36375

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) ALMSHOUSE 1844 HEALTH AND Victorian (1837 -1901) ALMSHOUSE 1844 WELFARE RELIGIOUS RITUAL Victorian (1837 -1901) ALMSHOUSE 1844 AND FUNERARY DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) COTTAGE 1844 WATER SUPPLY Victorian (1837 -1901) PUMP 1844 AND DRAINAGE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING STONE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Almshouses and warden's cottage, now local Authority Museums Service workshop. 1843-5, by George Fowler Jones, for Mary and Elizabeth Gascoigne. Limestone ashlar, slate roofs. Linear

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Historic Environment Record Full Report plan:a range of eight 2-storey single-cell lodgings divided into 2 groups of 4 by a central entrance hall with tower, served by a rear cloister-corridor, and with projecting gabled wings (chapel and refectory). Gothic style, with buttresses, octagonal turrets and pinnacles with crosses, 4-centred arched windows under hoodmoulds with figured stops. All elements separately gabled (except tower), with intermediate buttresses terminating in pinnacles which have brattished cornices and ogee caps; each lodging has a 2-light window at ground floor and a single-light window above; central tower has a 4-centred arched doorway, a lettered tripartite panel above this surrounded by a square hoodmould with returned ends carried round as a dripband, next a band of quatrefoils containing blank shields, then a 2-light window with Perpendicular tracery, flanked by niches with elaborately-carved semi-octagonal canopies, a circular clockface to the top stage, an embattled parapet with corner pinnacles and central pinnacle rising from a carved bird. Each wing has a large transomed 4-light window with traceried head and hoodmould with figured stops. Roofs steeply pitched with transverse ridges. Return walls have three 2-light windows and battlements with raised cops in the centre displaying shields and banners and carved emblems of the Gascoigne family. Rear: flat-roofed enclosed cloister has rectangular windows and a central door, upper floor of main range has narrow rectangular windows with chamfered surrounds, lancets in the gables above; attached at north end, a 2-storey warden's cottage in simpler style, with pyramidal roof. Interior: in entrance hall, lettered tablets flanking the door, that on the left listing the trustees, and the other stating that the building was begun "Sep AD 1843 and finished May 10 1845", with names "Geo Fowler Jones Archt York, Thos White Clerk of the Works"; over rear door a 3-light stained glass window depicting a lady in the centre dispensing loaves from a basket, an old man to the left and an old woman to the right (other stained glass in similar style in wings, removed for storage); upper rooms of lodgings linked in pairs by connecting doors for mutual supervision of inmates. Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage list of England.

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A pump located within the grounds of the almshouses is also listed (List Entry Number: 1300616). A copy of the listing description has been edited from English Heritage's National Heritage list:

Pump constructed in 1844. (Probably designed by George Fowler Jones, architect of the Almshouses). Dressed limestone, with iron mechanism. Square section. Pedestal with chamfered plinth and weathered top, cubical superstructure with 3 vertical louvres in each side, pyramidal cap of limestone imitating a roof, swept over the eaves; long S-shaped iron handle with twisted shank, projecting on right- hand (north) side. Front of pedestal facing rear door of Almshouses has a carved grotesque withopen mouth for the spout and a semi-octagonal stone bowl projecting from the plinth.

The front wall to the grounds of Gascoignes Almshouses has also been listed (List Entry Number: 1135623). A copy of the listing description has been edited from English Heritage's National Heritage list:

Retaining wall to the raised ground of the front garden of Gascoigne Almshouses, with gatepiers to the drive entrances at each end. Probably built in 1844 and designed by George Fowler Jones, architect of the Gascoigne Almshouses.) Dressed magnesian limestone. Approx. 130 metres long, with projecting battered piers at frequent intervals; at each end, a pair of gatepiers, square in section, battered in the lower half, with weathered pyramidal caps and ogee finials.

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Peter Thornborrow visited Aberford Almshouses in 1987 on behalf of West Yorkshire Archaeological Services (WYAS) to prepare a building specification following an application to add a rear courtyard range. The following has been taken from the final report:

The Gascoigne Almshouses at Aberford are the finest and most elaborate example of the genre in the County built in creamy magnesium limestone in 1843-46 in a Gothic Revival style to the designs of George Fowler Jones (...)Having an 11ED\(VKDSHGV\PPHWULFDOIDoDGHHDFKED\VWHHSO\ gabled and articulated by buttresses that rise above the roofline as a spiky cross finial/chimneys. The outer bays are larger and set forward, being wider and taller than the rest, having an ecclesiastical-style traceried window much as a chapel. The central bay contains the principle entrance set below a tall tower, much as a west tower of a church. Built across the back of the building is a long continuous single storey lean to, its roof hidden behind a parapet giving the impression of a flat roof. This provides a long internal corridor providing a link to the 8 individual rooms (for ladies) from the central entrance with a chapel and refectory at either end.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

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The almshouses were photographed by P Gwilliam and E Marlow-Mann (on behalf of Archaeological Services WYAS) in 2003 prior to construction work being carried out at the southern end of the building. A copy of these photographs along with detailed architectural descriptions and drawn floorplans are held on file at the offices of West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT Peter Thornborrow (WYAS) 10/1987 ASSESSMENT PHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY P Gwilliam & E Marlow-Mann 06/2003 SURVEY (ASWYAS)

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text Thornborrow, P (WYAS). 1987. Aberford (Gascoigne) Almshouses, Main Street, Aberford: Building Recording Specification Photograph Thornborrow, P (WYAS). 1987. Aberford (Gascoigne) Almshouses, Main Street, Aberford: Building Recording Specification Desc.text Gwilliam, P & Marlow-Mann, E (ASWYAS). 2003. Aberford Almshouses, Main Street, Aberford: Building Recording Photograph Gwilliam, P & Marlow-Mann, E (ASWYAS). 2003. Aberford Almshouses, Main Street, Aberford: Building Recording Desc.text English Heritage 'Gascoigne Almshouses and Attached Wardens Cottage' National Heritage List of England, date first listed 04/07/1952 Desc.text English Heritage 'Pump approximately 10 Metres to Rear of Gascoigne Almshouses, Main Street' National Heritage List of England, date first listed 03/12/1986 Desc.text English Heritage 'Front Wall to grounds of Gascoigne Almshouses, Main Street' National Heritage List of England, date first listed 03/12/1986

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 11631 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Lodge to Gascoigne Almshouses (Aberford Almshouses), Main Street, Aberford

Compiler Date RF 21 Dec 2017 TR 03 Aug 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 11630

UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref. 342248

UDA No. 1200756 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area Yes EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43289 36312

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DOMESTIC Victorian (1837 -1901) LODGE 1844

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING STONE SLATE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Lodge built circa 1844. (Probably designed by George Fowler Jones, architect of Gascoigne Almshouses [PRN: 11630]). Constructed of dressed limestone with a roof of graduated slates. The lodge is single storey with two small bays in Gothic style; to the drive, a prominent gabled porch, offset to the left, with moulded 4-centred arched outer and inner doorways, inner board door with strap hinges; to the right, a canted mullion-and-transom bay window with hipped roof and above this a large gablet containing a shield. All gables have gable parapets with gableted kneelers and fleur- de-lys apex finials. Steeply- pitched roof with cockscomb ridge. Chimney behind ridge. Single-storey flat- roofed extension to the right. Text edited from English Heritage's National Heritage List.

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A copy of the above information is held on file at the offices of West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage 'Lodge to Gascoigne Almshouses, Main Street' National Heritage List of England, date first listed 04/07/1952

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Primary Record Number 11715 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation M1-A1 Area 19, west of Dawson's Wood

Compiler Date RF 11 Mar 2015 RF 04 Mar 2015 LB 05 Nov 2012 LB 15 Oct 2012 LB 24 Sep 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 8416, 1058, 1059, 11716, 14401

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43627 35474

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known destroyed Height OD 71 Area (ha.) 0.13

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

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A desk top study by Northern Archaeolgical Associates in 1992-1995 (PRN 8416) carried out in advance of M1-A1 road development identified an area of known archaeology (Area 19) within an extensive crop marked landscape at Hook Moor (PRN 1059, 1058). In 1996 the excavation of a trench 75m x 2m to examine a sub rectangular cropmark, identified from aerial photographs, was monitored by Archaeolological Services WYAS (ASWYAS). The cropmark was found to have been the result of natural features and two small drainage features were recorded within this trench.

A watching brief by Babtie Group Ltd. during mechanical stripping showed an arrangement of rectangular enclosures extended north beyond the area of investigation and led to further investigative work in an additional area, Area 31 for full results please see PRN 14401.

For further information please see copy of report which is filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF Babtie Group Ltd. 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1996. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 19 Hook Moor South East of the A1/B1217 Junction' Publication O'Neill, R. 2001 The Lotherton Landscape - in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp 118-120.

PROPOSAL

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On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 11716 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation of Iron Age & Roman Field Systems north of Dawson's Wood A1-M1 Area 20

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RF 06 Mar 2015 RF 04 Mar 2015 LB 05 Nov 2012 LB 22 Oct 2012 LB 15 Oct 2012 LB 24 Sep 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 8416, 1059, 11715

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific

100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43831 35766

O.S. 1:10000 SE43SW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT Roman ARTEFACT Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) POTTERY Late Iron Age - Early Roman AGRICULTURE AND Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth FIELD SYSTEM SUBSISTENCE century) MONUMENT century) MONUMENT century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Early Roman century) MONUMENT century) MONUMENT century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Later Roman century)

Site condition as last known Height OD 65 Area (ha.) 1

Drift Geology Limestone Limestone Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Aerial photography of the Dawson's Wood in the Lotherton area revealed crop marks indicative of a series of enclosures within a field system complex (PRN 1059). This area was identifed as Area 20 in the course of a desk top study by Northern Archaeolgical Associates in 1992 (PRN 8416) carried out in advance of M1-A1 road development.

In advance of the construction of the A1-M1 Link Road, in 1996 Archaeolological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) undertook the excavation of four trial trenches (2m x 40m, 2m x 40m, 11m x 12m and 5m x 10m) which confirmed the presence of two small enclosures. Two larger areas were excavated to examine intersections between features and this led to a more detailed open area excavation measuring in total 0.15ha. The features identified were field ditches which formed part of a field system which extended beyond the area of investigation. No internal features were recognised but the recovery of domestic artefacts suggested there may have been a settlement of later prehistoric/Romano-British date in the vicinity. This work allowed three phases of activity to be identified.

Phase 1: Late Iron Age/Early Roman. This phase is represented by a single ditched feature aligned approx. east-west and measured 2.4m in width and 1.6m in depth. It had a steep asymmetrical profile. This ditch is represented by a substantial boundary and formed a major part of the field system in the area.

Phase 2: The Early Roman period is represented by further subdivision of the landscape by ditched field boundaries. A curvilinear ditch enclosed an area of 240m2 with what may have been a causewayed entrance (Enclosure A). Cropmark evidence shows one of the ditches was linked to the primary boundary ditch identified at Hook Moor (PRN 11715).

Phase 3: The Later Roman period is represented by a new enclosure (Enclosure B) measuring 25 by 20m, which cut the top of the in-filled ditches of the earlier enclosure (Enclosure A). This enclosure has been identified as a 'clothes-line enclosure' as it appears to hang off a linear boundary. No obvious entrance was excavated.

The small quantity of ceramic material reflects use in the Late Iron Age and Roman periods. The site is thought to have been used seasonally for livestock management rather than for domestic use.

For further information please refer to publication: O'Neill, R. 2001 The Lotherton Landscape - in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp 120-123. Also the ASWYAS reports, copies of which are filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996 EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1996. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 20 Dawson's Wood' Report ASWYAS. 1996. 'A1M196 Site 20 Summary of Archaeological Work' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 20 Assessment Report' Publication Britannia, 1997. vol 28 p419 Publication O'Neill, R. 2001 The Lotherton Landscape - in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp 120-123.

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

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On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 11779 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Former CEGB Leeds Control Room at Becca Hall

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 29 Nov 2012

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7816

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41876 38770

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds West Yorks

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED 20th Century (1901 - 2000) CONTROL ROOM 1958-1997 INDUSTRIAL 20th Century (1901 - 2000) ELECTRICITY 1958-1997 PRODUCTION SITE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect Hodges & Haxworth

Description

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Former Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) control centre, situated at Becca Hall (see PRN 7816). Set-up in the late 1950s after the CEBG purchased the Becca Hall estate from the Thompson family in 1958. The control centre formed one of eight regional control centres operated by the CEGB. By the mid 1970s the complex houses three separate control rooms; the East Coast District Control Room, The West Yorkshire District Control Room and the Area Control Room. The site was decommissioned in 1997/98.

In August 2012 Ed Dennison Archaeological Services (EDAS) undertook a programme of building recording, in advance of the demolition of the former control centre.

In its initial form, the earliest phase of the control centre was formed by a free-standing concrete- framed building, linked to Becca Hall at ground and first-floor levels. It has relatively thick walls, while externally, the windows to the east elevation were relatively small, and of a form that might have been protected by steel or lead-lined shutters. This is in marked contrast to the large ground floor window to the west elevation. The earliest building was originally of two storeys, with a basement underneath; the ground floor of this building was originally taller, and formed by a single space, and may represent the location of the original control centre. The first floor was also apparently formed by a single space originally, sparsely fenestrated, and with provision made in the internal staircase to haul heavy items of equipment up to this level. A fire hydrant pond to the immediate north-east of the earliest phase of building is likely to be contemporary with it. The bulk of the control centre seems to have been constructed in the mid-1970s to the designs of the architects, Hodges and Haxworth.

For further details, and to view the photographic survey please see the final report (EDAS, 2012), a copy of which is on file in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) BUILDING SURVEY DRAWN AND EDAS 2012 PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report EDAS. 2012. 'Former CEGB Control Centre, Becca Hall, Aberford: Building Recording' Survey, photogr. EDAS. 2012. 'Former CEGB Control Centre, Becca Hall, Aberford'

PROPOSAL

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Primary Record Number 12723 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Trial Trenching and Earthwork Survey, Lotherton Hall

Compiler Date RB 27 Sep 2013

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 3990

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44780 36150

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND Medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In January 2012 nine geotechnical test pits were monitored by Yorkshire Archaeological Trust (YAT) at Lotherton Hall (PRN 3990) in advance of a new access road to the house and its gardens. An earthwork survey of upstanding medieval ridge and furrow followed in February 2012, which informed an archaeological strip and record exercise that was conducted during subsequent ground works.

The test pits covered three broad areas: 1-3 within the formal gardens to the north of the hall, 4-8 in or near the deer park to the north-west of the hall, and 9 within the car park to the east of the study area. All the test pits measured c. 0.65m by 3m and test pits 1-8 all revealed good preservation of the ridge and furrow ±in 1-3 up to 0.35m of material survived in the plough ridges.

The course of the access road cut through an area that contained some well pronounced and preserved seven ridges and eight furrows. The spacing of the ridge and furrow was typically some 7m-8m apart, which is suggestive of a medieval date, and from the base of the furrows to the top of the ridges the average height recorded was 40cm (particularly in the central area which was more pronounced).

A number of areas located behind the entrance booth were also monitored by the archaeologists. Areas E & F (see location map on page 21 of report) contained the only significant structural archaeological remains. In Area E a large wall foundation was exposed, c.0.60m wide and constructed of rough-hewn limestone facing blocks with a rubble core. The wall was revealed at 0.30m below the road way, and was aligned NW-SE, seemingly to line up with the edge of the extant stables and coach house some 35m to the SE. It is though to have been a post-medieval boundary wall.

For further details please see the final report (YAT, 2012), a copy of which is on file in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) FIELD SURVEY ANALYTICAL EARTHWORK York Archaeological Trust 02/2012 SURVEY EXCAVATION TEST PIT York Archaeological Trust 01/2012 EXCAVATION STRIP AND RECORD York Archaeological Trust 01/2012

Archive/Source type Reference Report York Archaeological Trust. 2012. 'Lotherton Hall, Aberford: Earthwork Survey, Strip & Record and Geotechnical Test Pitting Report'

PROPOSAL

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On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 13683 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Medieval Gaming Piece

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 03 Jul 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42500 38800

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) GAMING PIECE 14th/15th Century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Lead

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Circular flat, cast lead object, possibly a 14th-15th century gaming piece. The object has an undecorated back with no evidence of a handle, suspension loop or any other form of attachment device. The front of the piece has a lion rampant inside an ornate shield, similar in shape to a mid-15th century jousting shield. Diameter: 32.4mm; Thickness: 2.6mm; Weight: 11g. Found by a metal detectorist on 01/01/2000.

No grid reference was available so the grid reference for this record has been centred on Aberford parish.

Portable Antiquities Scheme ref: SWYOR-04BD62

EVENT

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Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 01/01/2000 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Webpage Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-04BD62 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/63136 (viewed 03/07/2014)

PROPOSAL

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On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 13715 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name The Old School House at St Wilfrid's Priory, Aberford

Compiler Date RB 05 Aug 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43387 36527

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) EDUCATION Victorian (1837 -1901) SCHOOL HOUSE Late-19th Century

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material BUILDING BRICK SLATE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Former school house to St Wilfrid's Priory constructed in late 19th-century brick.

In July 2014 Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) undertook a Heritage Statement of the former school house in advance of a proposed development to demolish the building and erected a single dwelling (planning ref: 14/03182/FU/NE). The assessment consisted of a site visit and desk- based research.

The development of the school building over the last 120 years can be charted from historic mapping, and it is clear that the building was constructed sometime between 1849 and 1890. The building's current form is L-shaped in plan, however the earliest phase of the building is rectilinear in plan and aligned south-west to north-east. The building has a number of later alterations and insertions, and a brief internal inspection revealed that no orginal features survived and that all the walls were dry-lined with modern boarding (ASWYAS, 2014).

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD VISIT ASWYAS 24/06/2014 ASSESSMENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT ASWYAS 07/2014 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS, 2014. 'The Old School House, The Priory, Aberford: Heritage Statement'

PROPOSAL

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Primary Record Number 13792 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Brady Farm Bridge, Sturton Grange (Leeds to Selby Railway)

Compiler Date RF 02 Sep 2015 RB 06 Mar 2015 RB 10 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5104, 6814, 13789, 13790, 13791, 13793, 13794, 13795, 13796, 13797, 13798, 13799 UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1419091 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42213 32887

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) RAILWAY BRIDGE 1832-3

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXTANT ASHLAR LIMESTONE STRUCTURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

In September 2014 English Heritage (EH) conducted a designation survey of all the undesignated railway structures on the North Tran-Pennine railway line (NTPL) between Leeds and Selby after it was announced that there was to be a major modernisation programme to electrify the route. Below is a copy of their consultation report for this railway bridge:

Railway basket-arch overbridge, constructed for the Leeds & Selby Railway in 1832-3¤3 to the designs of Walker & Burges; the contractors were Hamer & Pratt. Constructed in sandstone ashlar with squared and coursed quarry-faced limestone. Single-span with provision to accommodate four tracks .

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

One of a sequence of bridges on the Leeds & Selby Railway which share a common design. The wide arch springs from an impost band and has stepped, rusticated and v-jointed ashlar voussoirs. The bridge has straight wing walls and the parapet is set upon a square-moulded ashlar string course. The low parapet walls have distinctive, pronounced horizontal tooling and terminate in similarly detailed oval piers, that are characteristic of the line. C20 metal railings have been added to increase the height of the parapet.

HISTORY: In the early 19th century Leeds was a major textile manufacturing centre and needed a good transport connection to the sea for the import of raw wool and export of finished cloth. The pre-existing river and canal system to Hull was slow and expensive and a railway link from Leeds to Selby and then onwards to Hull was considered to have potential to improve the transport infrastructure, and could also benefit local coal mine and quarry owners.

In 1825 George Stephenson was asked to survey a possible route to Selby. However, financial uncertainties led to the project being postponed and Stephenson concentrated on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway instead. In 1829 the engineer James Walker was asked to review the Stephenson proposal. Walker (1781-1862) is best known for designing harbours, docks and lighthouses, having been appointed consulting engineer to Trinity House in 1825. However, he also played an important role in the early development of the railway system. In 1829 he went into partnership with his assistant, Alfred Burges (1797-1886, father of architect William Burges), though Burges does not appear to have been involved in Walker's railway projects. Having resurveyed the route Walker suggested some adjustments to enable the use of horse or locomotive power without the inclusion of inclined planes worked with stationary steam engines. The proposed route ran from Leeds to the River Ouse at Selby via Crossgates, Garforth and Milford, a distance of just over 19 miles. Walker also suggested that the plan put before Parliament allowed sufficient land to be purchased for the construction of a four track line. It was authorised by Parliament in 1830, four months before the pioneering Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened, and was fully opened by December 1834.

Walker acted as consulting engineer, and in common with other early railway builders, had a resident engineer for the day-to-day supervision and some of the detailed design, using Thomas Dyson, and, from 1832, George Smith. Nowell & Sons of Dewsbury and Homer & Pratt of Goole were the two contractors. The scale of the project was unusual because of the decision to provide four tracks. This resulted in a trackbed of 66ft (20.1m) rather than the typical two track line which had a trackbed of 30ft (9.1m); even Brunel designing for his broad-gauge track used that dimension. The extra width gave the railway a quite different character from the simple lines and waggonways that had preceded it. The most distinctive characteristic of the line was the design for the overbridges, which had to span the four tracks rather than the usual two tracks. Walker did not use a twin-span bridge, but designed a bridge with a single, basket arch (three-centred arch where the height is less than half the span) and an unprecedented span of around 60 ft (18.2m). In the event only a twin-track line was laid, and in many cases one side of the arch is obscured by the earth embankment. The bridges were built of stone with the exception of a brick underbridge at Barwick Road, Garforth, and two iron bridges, one of which survives at Crawshaw Woods (PRN 5104).

Brady Farm Bridge was constructed in 1830-32; in the 20th century metal railings were added to the low parapet.

SOURCES Suzannah Meade, Richard Pollard and Robert Thorne, NTP-E Statement of History and Significance: East of Leeds. Revised Draft. Prepared for Network Rail., December 2013 (Text edited from English Heritage¶s 2014 consultation report) ------

On 05/03/2015 it was decided to designate the Brady Farm Bridge as a Grade II listed structure. The bridge 'dates from the pioneering phase of the construction of the railway network. Its architectural form is distinctive to the Leeds to and is essentially unaltered. It merits designation in the national context'.

* Historic interest: as an original overbridge built between 1830 and 1834 on the pioneering, first phase Leeds & Selby Railway; * Engineer: designed by James Walker, a renowned C19 engineer, who constructed the line with a four-track bed and distinctive, single-span overbridges with unprecedented spans of 60ft (18.2m); * Architectural interest: as a single-span, basket-arch bridge demonstrating a high level of craftsmanship in its construction, detailing, and dressing;

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Historic Environment Record Full Report * Intactness: the bridge is largely unaltered and retains its original parapets. (Text edited from English Heritage's 2015 advice report)

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 2014. 'North Trans-Pennine Electrification Phase One (Leeds to Selby) Designation Consultation Desc.text English Heritage. 2015. 'North Trans-Pennine Electrification Phase One (Leeds to Selby): Advice Report' List English Heritage. 'Brady Farm Bridge, HUL4/15' National Heritage List of England (date first listed 05/03/2015) - http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx? uid=1419091

PROPOSAL

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On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Primary Record Number 13799 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Roman Ridge Road Bridge HUL4/14, Micklefield (Leeds to Selby Railway)

Compiler Date RF 03 Sep 2015 RB 06 Mar 2015 RB 10 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 5104, 6814, 13789, 13790, 13791, 13792, 13793, 13794, 13795, 13796, 13797, 13798 UDP class 1 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. 1419084 Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s) II

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43072 32797

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Micklefield Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) TRANSPORT Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) RAILWAY BRIDGE 1830-32

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material STRUCTURE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect Walker & Burges

Description

In September 2014 English Heritage (EH) conducted a designation survey of all the undesignated railway structures on the North Tran-Pennine railway line (NTPL) between Leeds and Selby after it was announced that there was to be a major modernisation programme to electrify the route. Below is a copy of their consultation report for this railway bridge:

Railway basket arched overbridge, constructed for the Leeds & Selby Railway in 1830-2 to the designs of Walker & Burges; the contractors were Hamer & Pratt. Built of sandstone and quarry- faced limestone. Single-span with provision to accommodate four tracks.

One of a sequence of bridges designed by Walker & Burges for the Leeds & Selby Railway, which

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 13799 Page 447 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report share a common design. The arch springs from a quarry-faced impost band and has stepped, rusticated and v-jointed ashlar voussoirs. The wing walls are straight. The parapet is set upon a square-moulded ashlar string course; the former has curving walls of large blocks dressed with distinctive, pronounced horizontal tooling with curved coping and similarly detailed oval piers characteristic of the line.

HISTORY: In the early 19th century Leeds was a major textile manufacturing centre and needed a good transport connection to the sea for the import of raw wool and export of finished cloth. The pre-existing river and canal system to Hull was slow and expensive and a railway link from Leeds to Selby and then onwards to Hull was considered to have potential to improve the transport infrastructure, and could also benefit local coal mine and quarry owners.

In 1825 George Stephenson was asked to survey a possible route to Selby. However, financial uncertainties led to the project being postponed and Stephenson concentrated on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway instead. In 1829 the engineer James Walker was asked to review the Stephenson proposal. Walker (1781-1862) is best known for designing harbours, docks and lighthouses, having been appointed consulting engineer to Trinity House in 1825. However, he also played an important role in the early development of the railway system. In 1829 he went into partnership with his assistant, Alfred Burges (1797-1886, father of architect William Burges), though Burges does not appear to have been involved in Walker's railway projects. Having resurveyed the route Walker suggested some adjustments to enable the use of horse or locomotive power without the inclusion of inclined planes worked with stationary steam engines. The proposed route ran from Leeds to the River Ouse at Selby via Crossgates, Garforth and Milford, a distance of just over 19 miles. Walker also suggested that the plan put before Parliament allowed sufficient land to be purchased for the construction of a four track line. It was authorised by Parliament in 1830, four months before the pioneering Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened, and was fully opened by December 1834.

Walker acted as consulting engineer, and in common with other early railway builders, had a resident engineer for the day-to-day supervision and some of the detailed design, using Thomas Dyson, and, from 1832, George Smith. Nowell & Sons of Dewsbury and Homer & Pratt of Goole were the two contractors. The scale of the project was unusual because of the decision to provide four tracks. This resulted in a trackbed of 66ft (20.1m) rather than the typical two track line which had a trackbed of 30ft (9.1m); even Brunel designing for his broad-gauge track used that dimension. The extra width gave the railway a quite different character from the simple lines and waggonways that had preceded it. The most distinctive characteristic of the line was the design for the overbridges, which had to span the four tracks rather than the usual two tracks. Walker did not use a twin-span bridge, but designed a bridge with a single, basket arch (three-centred arch where the height is less than half the span) and an unprecedented span of around 60 ft (18.2m). In the event only a twin-track line was laid, and in many cases one side of the arch is obscured by the earth embankment. The bridges were built of stone with the exception of a brick underbridge at Barwick Road, Garforth, and two iron bridges, one of which survives at Crawshaw Woods (PRN 5104).

This bridge was constructed in 1830-2; the engineer's construction reports show that there was a delay in construction as the original arch failed and had to be replaced.

SOURCES Suzannah Meade, Richard Pollard and Robert Thorne, NTP-E Statement of History and Significance: East of Leeds. Revised Draft. Prepared for Network Rail., December 2013 (Text edited from English Heritage¶s 2014 consultation report) ------

On 05/03/2015 it was decided to designate the Roman Ridge Road Bridge as a Grade II listed structure. The bridge 'dates from the pioneering phase of the construction of the railway network. Its architectural form is distinctive to the Leeds to Selby line and is essentially unaltered. It merits designation in the national context'.

* Historic interest: as an original overbridge built between 1830 and 1834 on the pioneering, first phase Leeds & Selby Railway; * Engineer: designed by James Walker, a renowned C19 engineer, who constructed the line with a four-track bed and distinctive, single-span overbridges with unprecedented spans of 60ft (18.2m); * Architectural interest: as a single-span, basket-arch bridge demonstrating a high level of craftsmanship in its construction, detailing, and dressing; * Intactness: the bridge is largely unaltered and retains its original curving parapets. (Text edited from English Heritage's 2015 advice report)

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EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text English Heritage. 2015. 'North Trans-Pennine Electrification Phase One (Leeds to Selby): Advice Report' List English Heritage. 'Roman Ridge Road Bridge, HUL4/14' National Heritage List of England (date first listed 05/03/2015) - http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx? uid=1419084 Desc.text English Heritage. 2014. 'North Trans-Pennine Electrification Phase One (Leeds to Selby) Designation Consultation

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13866 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Finger Ring & Spindlewhorl

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 03 Oct 2014 RB 26 Sep 2014 RB 25 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 13873

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43400 36700

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) RING c.900 - 1000 AD ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) SPINDLE WHORL Early Medieval

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Gold FIND Lead

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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An early medieval finger ring and associated lead spindle whorl were found by a metal detectorist on 17/04/2009 and recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). After they were recorded they were declared as Treasure and were acquired by Leeds Museum. NB: Five other early- medieval gold objects (SWYOR-F86A02) were found nearby to this findspot earlier in 2008 - these were also recorded by PAS and aquired by Leeds Museum (see PRN 13873). Collectively these finds are known as the West Yorkshire Hoard.

Finger ring: Large gold finger ring with round bezel and filigree and granulated decoration. Non- destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the finger ring indicated a gold content of 89-91%, a silver content of 5-7%, the rest being copper. Diameter. of band 25.8 mm; Width. of band max. 14.1 mm; Thickness. of band max. 3.2 mm; Diameter. of bezel 22.8 mm; Thickness. of bezel 11.5 mm; Weight 29.5 grams

Spindle whorl: A flat lead object with a central perforation and a small dent on one side, most probably a spindle whorl, was found about 4-5 inches away from the ring. Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the spindle whorl indicated that it is made from lead with a trace of copper, tin and antimony. Diameter 21.7 mm; Thickness 5 mm; Weight 15.1 grams

PAS ref: SWYOR-3B5652

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 17/04/2009 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-3B5652 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/459594 (viewed 25/09/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

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Primary Record Number 13873 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Hoard

Compiler Date RB 02 Oct 2014 RB 26 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 13866

UDP class 3 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43500 36700

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) RING c.900 - 1000 AD ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) RING c.780 - 950 AD ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) INGOT c.875 - 1100 AD ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) BRACELET c.600 - 660 AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Gold

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Five gold objects dating to the 7th to 11th centuries were found in three batches over two days by a member of the public whilst metal detecting in September 2008. Object No. 4 was found first, no. 5 the following day, and nos. 1-3 the same evening as no. 5 and in close association. The finds were reported to, and recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). After they were recorded they were declared as Treasure and were acquired by Leeds Museum. NB: Another early-medieval ring and associated spindle whorl (PAS ref: SWYOR-3B5652) were found nearby in 2009 - these were also recorded by PAS and acquired by Leeds Museum (see PRN 13866). Collectively these finds are known as the West Yorkshire Hoard.

1. Finger-ring set with a garnet (c. 900-c. 1000 AD). Dimensions: 42mm (length of bezel), 32mm (width of bezel), c. 11mm (height of bezel), 33.5mm (total height of ring), 3mm (thickness of hoop). Weight: 30.17g.

2. Finger-ring with enlarged bezel (c. 900-c. 1000 AD). Dimensions: width of bezel 16mm; maximum diameter 22mm; weight 9.48g.

3. Finger-ring with niello panels (c. 780-c. 950 AD). Dimensions: diameter of hoop 27mm; width of oval areas 5mm; weight 15.09g.

4. Gold ingot (c. 875-c. 1100 AD). Dimensions: length 19mm; width 9mm; thickness max 5mm; weight 8.35g

5&ORLVRQQpIUDJPHQW F600-c. 660 AD). Dimensions: 23mm x 21mm; Weight 3.44g

Scientific analysis: Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the five gold objects from West Yorkshire, carried out by the British Museum's Department of Conservation and Scientific Research indicated the following composition ranges: No. 1 = 86-90% gold, 6-8% silver, and 3-6% copper (the garnet was identified by Raman spectroscopy)

No. 2 = 77-81% gold, 15-17% silver, and 4-6% copper

No. 3 = 85-89% gold, 9-11% silver, and 2-4% copper

No. 4 = 75- 79% gold, 19-22% silver, and 2-4% copper

No. 5 = 88-92% gold, 4-6% silver, and 3-6% copper.

General discussion: The hoard is likely to have been buried in the 10th century at the earliest; the dating of the objects is based on stylistic as well as technological comparisons with other material. The hoard contains a cut fragment of an antique brooch, as well as four up-to- date pieces.

PAS ref: SWYOR-F86A02 ------

Excavations were carried out by the WY Archaeology Advisory Service on 06/10/2008 to investigate the origin of the finds made by the metal detectorist (see above). The excavation of the finds area revealed a single-cut feature that was probably the original site of deposition of the finds. Metal detecting/shovel testing in an area of approximately 20m. radius from the trench failed to retrieve any finds of antiquity or significant archaeological interest. As such, nothing was found during the excavation to indicate that the identified cache was anything other than an isolated deposit which had later suffered natural disturbance.

A copy of the excavation report (WYAAS, 2009) is on file in West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 09/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION WYAAS 06/10/2008

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Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-F86A02 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/391699 (viewed 26/09/2014) Report WYAAS. 2009. 'Excavations at Whitehouse Farm, Bunkers Hill, Aberford' Excavation, archival WYAAS. 2008. 'Excavations at Whitehouse Farm, Bunkers Hill, Aberford' Photograph WYAAS. 2008. 'Excavations at Whitehouse Farm, Bunkers Hill, Aberford' - both as prints in paper file, and digitally on WYAAS' M:Drive - Users>General>HER Digital Photos>Lotherton-cum-Aberford

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13875 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Objects near Aberford

Compiler Date RB 29 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 4 - Ambiguous 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43000 38000

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) COIN c.800-900 AD ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) STRAP END c.900-1000 AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Silver FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Two objects, thought to be of early medieval date were found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting some time between 1990 and 1995. The finds were reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) in 2010, and subsequently returned to the finder. *NB: because there was a big gap in time between the discovery of the finds and when they were recorded an accurate grid reference could not be provided. As such treat the grid reference recorded in the HER with caution as it is unlikely to indicate an accurate location for the two finds.

1) An early medieval silver coin; a Viking imitation penny of Alfred two line type dating from the 9th century AD. The moneyer does not seem to be one who has already been recorded on the Corpus of Early Medieval Coins. At some time this coin has been folded in half and displays a crease across the centre of the flan. Slight copper staining may indicate that it was folded round a copper object. It is 19.1mm in diameter and 0.8mm thick. It weighs 1.24gm. The coin is very similar to SF-8621A2 on the PAS database, and number 1002.0573 on the Corpus of Early Medieval Coins. This has been noted as an interesting find by the recorder. PAS ref: SWYOR-08C9B6.

2) An incomplete cast copper-alloy Anglo-Scandinavian strap end. The strap end is a short tongue- shape, formed from a single plate, which splits at the attachment end. The fastening plate has two iron rivets; both remain in situ. The front surface has been decorated with an incised geometric design, inside an oval border - now heavily worn. The terminal of the strap end is tongue-shaped. The strap end is almost complete. The strap end has a dark green patina and may have been silvered, as a break across the closed end reveals silver colouring. The strap end fits Thomas' classification Class E, Type 4 and dates from 900 - 1000. It is 26.2mm long, 18.9mm wide and 3.3mm thick. It weighs 4.71gm. A similar example is YORYM-485AA7 located on the PAS database. PAS ref: SWYOR-087A70.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 1990-1995 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-08C9B6 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/283874 (viewed 29/09/2014) Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-087A70 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/283854 (viewed 29/09/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13876 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Early Medieval Stirrup

Compiler Date JD 07 Apr 2016 RB 29 Sep 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41700 38200

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) STIRRUP c.1000-1100 AD

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Copper alloy

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A copper alloy late Saxon stirrup strap mount of Williams Class A, Type 4 was found by a member of the public whilst metal detecting on 23/10/2008. The find was reported to, and recorded by, the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and subsquently returned to the finder.

Only a fragment survives. The base remains, which is angled inwards at about ƒ. There are two holes - one at either side - near the base of the mount, one of which contains an iron rivet. There are two smaller holes between the rivet holes, slightly higher, probably part of an open work design. The mount tapers slightly towards the top before the break, suggesting a possible sub triangular shape. This stirrup mount dates to the 11th century AD. It measures 28.1mm x 18mm x 7mm, weighing 9.18g. Cf. Williams (1997, 40; ref. 81); one of the more elaborate examples of this type with clear animal heads around the rivet holes.

PAS ref: SWYOR-F11161

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) NON METAL DETECTOR USE Member of Public 23/10/2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Archive/Source type Reference Online database Portable Antiquities Scheme Database for Record ID: SWYOR-F11161 - http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/243731 (viewed 29/09/2014)

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13947 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Former military base - RAOC No.3 Vehicle Repair Depot based at Parlington

Compiler Date RF 14 Dec 2017 JD 07 Apr 2016 MC 21 Nov 2014 MC 30 Oct 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 13949, 13950

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43140 37200

O.S. 1:10000 SE43NW

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - RAMP Second World War 1945) DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - MILITARY BASE Second World War 1945)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material -

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Former military base - RAOC No.3 Vehicle Repair Depot was based at Parlington (centred on SE 443140 437200), with ancillary buildings within Parlington Park (centred on SE 443000 437020) . The depot was a service base for vehicles of all kinds, but it seems the heavier items, halftrack personnel carriers, were kept on the Aberford side of the Triumphal Arch in the woods and beyond towards the remains of Parlington Hall. Smaller vehicles, such as the Willys Jeep occupied the length of parkland from the Triumphal Arch back down to the main entrance area which was dominated by a continuous row of halftracks parked side by, possibly over 750, all waiting to go to the war on the western front. Information from The West Yorkshire Historic Land Characterisation Project . ------

Remains of some tank ramps can still be seen along Parlington Drive (at SE 442620 436760 and SE 442220 436600) (PRN's 13949 and 13950).

------

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) - -

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text West Yorkshire Historic Land Characterisation Project

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13950 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Tank Ramp for the Former military base Vehicle Repair Depot based at Parlington

Compiler Date RF 14 Dec 2017 MC 21 Nov 2014 MC 05 Nov 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 13947, 13949

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42220 36600

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) DEFENCE Second World War (1939 - RAMP World War Two 1945)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material STRUCTURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Remains of some tank ramps can still be seen along Parlington Drive (at SE 442220 436600).

There are remains of another Tank ramp on the military base centred at SE 442620 436760 (PRN 13949).

The PRN for the military base vehicle depot is 13947.

Information from The West Yorkshire Historic Land Characterisation Project 30/10/2014. ------

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EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) - -

Archive/Source type Reference Desc.text West Yorkshire Historic Land Characterisation Project

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13960 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavations at Deserted Medieval Village of Hillam Burchard, Parlington

Compiler Date RF 05 Oct 2017 RF 04 May 2016 JD 07 Apr 2016 RF 03 Mar 2016 RB 28 Oct 2015 RF 28 Apr 2015 MC 13 Nov 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1026

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41540 37500

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth COIN Roman century) DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) SETTLEMENT 12th-15th Century DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) TIMBER FRAMED 12th-15th Century BUILDING DOMESTIC Medieval (1066 - 1550) GRANARY 12th-15th Century UNASSIGNED Medieval (1066 - 1550) PIT 12th-15th Century UNASSIGNED Medieval (1066 - 1550) POST HOLE 12th-15th Century AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) ENCLOSURE 12th-15th Century SUBSISTENCE INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) QUARRY 15th Century INDUSTRIAL Medieval (1066 - 1550) KILN 15th Century

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Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EARTHWORK EXCAVATED FEATURE FIND Pottery FIND Copper

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Event record for the 1980/81 excavations of the deserted settlement of Hillam Burchard. For more general information and evidence for this site please see PRN 1026.

In 2010 Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) were commissioned by the West Yorkshire Archaeological Advisory Service (WYAAS) to produce an final archive report based on the results of excavations undertaken by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service (WYAS) during 1980 and 1981 at the site of the deserted medieval village of Hillam Burchard, near Parlington (see PRN 1026 for further details regarding the medieval site). The excavations were undertaken in response to the impending destruction of earthworks here by ploughing. The fieldwork was initially funded by the Department of the Environment (DoE) for one month, and for the following twelve months by the Manpower Services Commission (MSC). The MSC provided funding for post-excavation analysis which provided for the finds and environmental analysis reported here. A report providing an overview of the excavations was produced by Stephen Moorhouse and Julian Henderson, although it never was fully completed (a copy is filed in the HER). Site plans and finds illustrations produced as part of the earlier post-excavation programme have been re-used here, and the original aretfact and environmental reports have been reproduced.

The 1980/81 excavation revealed evidence for occupation, with the remnants of at least two timber- built structures, both dating to the 12th to 14th/15th centuries. The remains of a possible granary structure were also identified, along with numerous pits and post-holes. The remains of linear features forming probable agricultural enclosures were identified and the investigations also revealed the remains of a large quarry, probably assocaited with the production of thackstone roof slates, and a kiln, both dated to the 15th century. A quantitiy of Roman finds including a coin, were also found during the course of the investigation and it is suggested that elements of the site are associated with activity from this earlier period.

For further details regarding the 1980/81 excavations please see the final fieldwork report (ASWYAS, 2010), a copy of which is on file in West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION WYAS 1980/81

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Archive/Source type Reference Publication CBA, 1979. Group 4 Register for 1979, p6 Manuscript Moorhouse, S. and Henderson, J. n.d. 'Excavations at Hillam Burchard: 1980' draft report Compact disk ASWYAS, 2010. 'A report on the excavations undertaken in 1980-81 at Hillam Burchard. Parlington' Publication CBA, 1980. Group 4 Register for 1980, p5 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1980. Vol 52, Archaeological Register 1979 p 185 Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1981. Vol 53, Archaeological Register 1980 p141 Report ASWYAS, 2010. 'A report on the excavations undertaken in 1980-81 at Hillam Burchard. Parlington'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Primary Record Number 13992 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Archaeological Strip & Record Excavation at Lotherton Park Farm, Aberford

Compiler Date RB 28 Nov 2014

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44990 36610

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT fifth century) ARTEFACT Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early POTTERY Iron Age/Romano-British fifth century) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Romano-British SUBSISTENCE fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK EXCAVATED FEATURE FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In February 2007 On-Site Archaeology undertook an archaeological strip and record excavation on land north of the B1217 (immediately west of the scheduled monument known as µThe Rein¶±PRN 6904), in advance of the construction of agricultural storage buildings at Lotherton Park Farm.

The development site, currently agricultural land, lies in an area of high archaeological potential. Not only does it abut the scheduled earthworks of the µThe Rein¶several enclosures and settlements of Iron Age to Romano-British date have been identified in the vicinity and cropmarks shown on aerial photographs suggest remains of settlements, field and track-way may survive in the local area.

The excavation revealed two V-shaped ditches (as indicated by the cropmark evidence) converging close to the western limits of the excavation. Pottery sherds found in the fill of the ditches suggest a later Prehistoric or Roman date. On-site concluded that the ditches probably formed field systems and boundaries for farmland.

For further information please see the final report (On-Site, 2007), a copy of which is on file in West Yorkshire HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION STRIP AND RECORD On Site Archaeology 02/2007

Archive/Source type Reference Report On-Site Archaeology Ltd. 2007. 'Report on an archaeological evaluation & watching brief'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14391 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Evaluation and Excavation Area 17 Roman Ridge, M1-A1 Link Road

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RF 18 Mar 2015 RF 03 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1035, 3098, 8416, 14414

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 432300 346500

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Micklefield

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks. Micklefield Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT Bronze Age MONUMENT Bronze Age ARTEFACT Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) HEARTH Late Iron Age INDUSTRIAL Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) METAL WORKING Late Iron Age-Early SITE Roman MONUMENT Roman AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) DITCH late Iron Age SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) FIELD SYSTEM late Iron Age SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) DITCHED late Iron Age SUBSISTENCE ENCLOSURE MONUMENT Roman MONUMENT ENCLOSURE Roman MONUMENT Roman TRANSPORT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth ROAD Roman period century) MONUMENT century) INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) STONE QUARRY MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Grain FIND Bone RADIOCARBON Charcoal DATING RADIOCARBON Bone DATING FIND Pottery SPECIALIST Pollen SAMPLING FIND Flint EXCAVATED FEATURE FIND Slag

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

A programme of archaeological investigation involving geophysical survey, trial trenching and excavation was undertaken in an area of Known Archaeology Area 17; an area previously identified in a desk top study carried out in 1992 (PRN 8416) prior to the M1- A1 road development. The site is located in an area were the road development impacted on the Roman Road from Castleford to Tadcaster (Margery 1957 road 28b), (PRN 3098) and where cropmarks indicated a late prehistoric/Roman field system (PRN 1035). Geophysical surveys, evaluation and excavation were undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in 1995-1996 and a watching brief by Babtie Group Archaeologists in 1996.

The site of greatest impact, Roman Ridge at Hook Moor was the subject of detailed examination. Archaeological excavation was carried out here by Archaeological Services WYAS (AS WYAS) between October and November 1997 within in a strip 110m long, measuring 0.10ha.

Geophysical survey results indicated an expanding Romano-British field system with associated domestic enclosures and a double ditched trackway (PRN 14414).

Evaluative work recorded Bronze Age occupation to the west of Roman Ridge Road, including sub circular post structures. An undated hut circle was noted as earlier than the field system. The field system, domestic enclosures and trackways were dated to the later prehistoric and Romano British periods. These features were bisected by the Roman road and Roman and later quarry pits were identified on both sides of the Roman road. Severe erosion either side of the Roman road has resulted in truncation of some archaeological features.

In the strip area excavation modern deposits were removed by machine and deposits were then excavated to the level of the Roman road surface. Four phases of activity interpreted from the results of the excavation.

Phase 1: A single episode of prehistoric activity to the west of the Roman road was represented by a group of five truncated pits and post holes. Ceramic and radiocarbon dates demonstrated that these features were late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. While the features were not definative the published report suggests that they may represent domestic occupation.

Phase 2: The earliest boundaries and possible enclosures on the site were dated to the late Iron Age and were formed by the remnants of three ditches in the area. Segmented ditches appear to form two linear boundaries. The geophysical survey also identified a possible enclosure ditch but not fully revealed during the excavation.

Phase 3: The earlier Phase 2 field system was replaced by ditches defining an articulated co-axial field system with an integral east-west 'trackway' and enclosure complex which developed in the late Iron Age, early Roman period. The spine of the system was a trackway aligned east-west and defined by two ditches. To each side of this lay a complex of ditched enclosures. One of these enclosures was excavated and a number of discrete pits and post holes were identified and thought to relate to the use of the enclosure. Finds such as smithing slag, tap slag, hearth lining, cinder fragments, daub, flint, animal bone and uncharred grains of barley were recovered from these features.

A buried soil horizon developed during this phase beneath the agger of the later Roman road and was excavated to geological deposits. No features were seen cut into or below this soil. Pollen analysis of the soil indicated a predominantly open grassland was periodically disturbed by ploughing prior to the construction of the Roman road.

Phase 4: The road form Castleford to Tadcaster (Margary road 28b) was constructed in the early Roman period and although no dating material was recovered it is likely to have been constructed between AD71-AD79. A 100m section of road was monitored as it was removed and three sections were excavated through the road. The road was seen to be constructed of several shallow layers of crushed limestone and subsoil measuring up to 7.2m in width and 0.8m in height. The agger material was consistent with that seen in the abundant quarry pits to each side of the road. Beneath the agger, two low stoney banks 3m apart, were identified and thought to be marker banks used when the road was laid out. Some wheel rutting in the road surface and subsequent repair was noted. The quarry pits measured up to 30m in width and more than 1m deep. Pottery and coins from the quarry fills suggest they were infilled by the Late Roman period.

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Historic Environment Record Full Report It is postulated that the earlier field system through which the road was constructed, while altered, may have continued in use for cultivation for some time during the Roman period.

A cobble trackway aligned east-west was undated and due to truncated deposits could not be directly related to the Roman road. A further group of four undated trackways were also recorded.

For further detailed information please see the ASWYAS reports, copies of which are filed in the HER and published source, O'Neill, R. 2001. Roman Ridge in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp105-117 .

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY ASWYAS 1995 SURVEY EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1995-6 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996 WATCHING BRIEF Babtie Group Ltd. 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Publication O'Neill, R. 2001. Roman Ridge in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp105-117 Publication O'Neill, R 2001. 'Roman Ridge' in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp105-117 Publication Britannia, 1997. vol 28 p420 Report Babite Group Ltd., 1996. 'M1-A1 Link Road (Lofthouse to Bramham) Known Archaeology Report Area 17 East and West of Roman Ridge Road' Report ASWYAS. 1996. 'A1-M1- 96 Known Archaeology Area 17A/B Summary of Archaeological Work' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 17A/B Assessment Report' Report ASWYAS. 1996. 'A1-M1- 96 Known Archaeology Area 17C&D Summary of Archaeological Work Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 17C/D Assessment Report Report ASWYAS. 1998. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 17 Roman Ridge Plug Assessment Report'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14392 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Evaluation and Excavation M1- A1Link Road, Area 12 East of Manor Farm

Compiler Date RF 18 Mar 2015 RF 11 Mar 2015 RF 03 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1182, 8416, 14414

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 403500 345900

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Parlington

Township District County Parlington Leeds W.Yorks. Barwick in Elmet Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) ADZE, STONE ARTEFACT Neolithic (c. 4000 - 2000 BC) FLINT Early Neolithic MONUMENT RELIGIOUS RITUAL Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) ROUND BARROW early Bronze Age AND FUNERARY RELIGIOUS RITUAL Bronze Age (c. 2000 -800 BC) CREMATION early Bronze Age AND FUNERARY MONUMENT AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) FIELD SYSTEM mid to late Iron Age SUBSISTENCE MONUMENT MONUMENT ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FIELD BOUNDARY SUBSISTENCE INDUSTRIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) MINE SHAFT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material RADIOCARBON Charcoal DATING EXCAVATED FEATURE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY RADIOCARBON Bone DATING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

This site, to the east of Manor Farm, was first identified from aerial photographs indicating features which represented a prehistoric and or Romano British settlement and agricultural landscape (PRN 1182). An area located to the east of Manor Farm and south of Partlington Hollins, Area 12, was identified in a Desk Top Survey carried out by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA 1992-1995), (PRN 8416) as an area of Known Archaeology within the path of the M1-A1 road development. A geophysical survey by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) 1995 (PRN 14414) confirmed the location of these features. In one area 12a, located south of Manor Farm and west of Barwick Road deposits had been subject to heavy disturbance so no further investigation was carried out here apart from a watching brief by Babtie Group archaeologists.

Evaluative excavation works were undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) in two areas; area 12b, in the northern part of the area, north-east of Manor Farm and east of Barwick Road and area 12c, at the eastern limit of the area, to the north of Hawk¶s Nest Wood. In these two areas measuring 85m x 25m, modern deposits were stripped by machine and the areas cleaned to identify features. In area 12c excavation confirmed the ditches which had been recorded by geophysical survey and no further work was carried out.

In Area 12b, however, the features recorded by geophysical survey were confirmed and further features identified. Further detailed excavation was carried out in this area, in June 1996 when seven pits and one cremation were excavated. The investigation of this area was extended to an

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Historic Environment Record Full Report area measuring 0.72ha. Excavations in this area (12b) confirmed the presence of early prehistoric boundary ditches, a sub-triangular enclosure, a number of possible post hole structures, a Bronze Age cremation barrow with ring ditch and other isolated features.

Two ditched enclosures were the principal elements of the site, providing significant connection to the mapped cropmark landscape extending the west and east. The majority of the artefacts recovered from the groups of unenclosed pits and post holes. The artefacts and radiocarbon dates allow activity to be dated between the Early Neolithic and Late Iron Age, corresponding with the four phases of activity interpreted from this work.

Phase 1: Two adjacent pits were dated to the Neolithic period and residual Neolithic pottery and a stone adze were recovered from later features, possibly indicating Neolithic settlement in the vicinity.

Phase 2: A small early Bronze Age barrow with ring ditch and two internal pits represented Bronze Age activity on the site. A cremation burial was found within an Early Bronze Age collared urn in one of these pits. Redefinition of the barrow is suggested by nearby pits and post-holes.

Phase 3: The corner of a ditched enclosure formed by the north and west sides fell within the excavation area and was dated to the earlier Iron Age. A group of six pits and post holes several of which contained heat-affected cobbles were found within this enclosure. Burnt bone within the post- holes suggests deliberate deposition.

Phase 4: A sequence of activity has been dated to the mid to late Iron Age. A sub-circular/triangular structure represented by a shallow ditch which cut the earlier enclosure and a row of post holes may have been associated with its north-facing entrance. This structure was subsequently reformed with a complete ring ditch with no entrance. Several internal features and some discrete features outside the structures may have been contemporary with either or both of these structures. These structures were post dated by a further enclosure with associated pits and post holes. The majority of the pits from this phase contained heat-affected cobbles.

The absence of Romano British pottery on this site suggests that it was likely that settlement had moved away form this specific site by the end of the 2nd century.

Some post medieval field boundaries and a backfilled pit shaft were also recorded.

Although Early Neolithic artefacts have been recovered, there is no further settlement evidence for this period. The break in the archaeological record lasts for almost a millennium until the construction of the Early Bronze Age barrow. A pit cut into the ring ditch of the barrow suggests later ceremonial use of the site. Activity intensified during the earlier Iron Age with the construction of a ditched enclosure and some degree of continuity of occupation into the mid and later Iron Age.

For further details please see ASWYAS reports, copies of which are filed in the HER and published report Roberts, Burgess and Berg 2001 pp72-83.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY ASWYAS 1995 SURVEY SURVEY EXCAVATION EVALUATION ASWYAS 1995 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1995. 'M1 -A1 Link Road (Lofthouse to Bramham) Known Archaeology Report Area 12 Manor Farm' Report ASWYAS. 1996. A1M196 Manor Farm Summary of Archaeological Work' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1 - A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 12 Assessment Report' Publication Roberts et al., 2001. 'A New link To The Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp72-83

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14395 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation M1- A1 Link Area 21 South Dyke Aberford

Compiler Date RF 06 Mar 2015 RF 04 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6691, 6904

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43672 37674

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Lotherton cum Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) WATER SUPPLY - (-) NATURAL AND DRAINAGE FEATURE MONUMENT MONUMENT

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE EARTHWORK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In the course of investigations to mitigate the impact of the M1-A1 road development and the provision of a new access road to the sewage works north of Cod Beck a desk based assessment and geophysical survey and contour survey undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) demonstrated that the proposed work, in Area 21, was likely to impinge on the Scheduled linear earthworks, Woodhouse Moor Rein and South Dyke (PRN 6904). The plan for proposed works was modified to avoid this impact. Additional archaeological features were identified including elements of South Dyke which lay outside the Scheduled area.

A geophysical survey carried out in 1995 by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA) examined a previously unrecorded linear feature thought to be a ditch aligned south-west north-east located approximately 5m north of the end of the dyke. The bank and dyke were seen on this geophysical survey to extend some 20m north beyond the visible earthworks recorded by the contour survey and anomalies on the north-east side may represent slumping or construction of the bank. Additionally a linear feature, interpreted as a trackway was seen to cross both the ditch and the dyke and it is later represented as a field boundary on the 1st ed 6" series OS map.

Excavation undertaken by ASWYAS during June and July in 1996 of an area measuring c. 60m x 80m identified three features, namely a small linear feature interpreted as a minor land division; a broad ditch aligned south-east north-west associated with the Scheduled earthwork and a narrower feature (PRN 6691) orientated south-west north-east. The latter was thought to be a palaeo-channel running parallel to the present course of the Cod Beck. This feature was partially excavated (40m). The deposits excavated from this feature contained a very high proportion of sand.

For further details please see the reports copies of which are files in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL ASWYAS 1994 SURVEY MEASURED SURVEY ASWAYS 1994 EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1995 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996 GEOPHYSICAL NAA 1995 SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS. 1994. 'M1-A1 Link Road Site 21 Aberford Geophysical And Topographic Survey' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Report Area 21 Assessment Report' Report Northern Archaeological Associates, 1995. 'M1-A1 Link Road Site 21 South Dyke, Aberford Summary of Results of Geophysical and Contour Survey' Report ASWYAS. 1995. 'M1-A1 Link Road Site 21 South Dyke and The Rein'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14396 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation M1-A1 Area 22 Aberford

Compiler Date RF 17 Aug 2017 RF 11 Mar 2015 RF 06 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 6902, 1083, 8416

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43614 37828

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT MONUMENT MONUMENT AGRICULTURE AND Medieval (1066 - 1550) RIDGE AND SUBSISTENCE FURROW

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

In advance of the construction of the M1-A1 Link Road Area 22 was identified in a Desk Top Survey carried out by Northern Archaeological Associates (NAA 1992-1995) (PRN 8416) as an area of Known Archaeology within the path of the M1-A1 road development it included part of the Scheduled monument Aberford Dyke System at Becca Banks (PRN 6902).

A programme of geophysical, topographic and photographic survey followed by excavation was undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) during 1995-6. In 1995 a geophysical survey identified a features interpreted as a field boundary, part of an enclosure and faint traces of ridge and furrow. In 1996 a programme of geophysical, topographic and a photographic survey examined the extant part of Becca Banks (PRN 6902) in the area between the proposed access road to Humphrey Dale Cottage. To the north of Becca Banks excavation in an area measuring 115m x 45m and extended for a further 25m encountered a system of interrupted ditches, possibly forming a divided enclosure. One of these ditches predated Becca Banks. A 20m long section of Becca Banks was excavated and found to survive up to 3m in depth below the modern overburden and was 8m wide at its base. The bank appeared to have been built in a single phase of activity. A buried soil was found below the bank with no archaeological features within or below it. An area of broad ridge and furrow was found confirming the geophysical results.

In late 1997 the machine excavation of a narrow trench 2m x 56m along a redundant section of the A1(T) central reservation was monitored but failed to identify any bank or ditch deposits associated with Becca Banks.

Modern road deposits were seen to continue for up to 2.5m below modern ground level. A linear feature, possibly associated with the enclosure and field system identified to the north by the previous excavation work here.

For further information please see copies of reports filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL ASWYAS 1995 SURVEY MEASURED SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY ASWYAS 1996 PHOTOGRAPHIC ASWYAS 1996 SURVEY EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1996 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996 EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 1997

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS. 1995. µM1-A1 Link Site 22, Field Lane, Aberford¶ Report ASWYAS. nd. µM1-A1 Link Site 22, The Ridge, Field Lane, Abberford Background¶ Report ASWYAS. 1997. µM1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 22 Assessment Report¶ Report ASWYAS. 1998. µM1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 22 Becca Banks Plug Interim Report of Archaeological Excavation¶ Report ASWYAS. 1998. µM1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Known Archaeology Area 22 Becca Banks Plug Archaeological Investigative Trench¶ Publication Britannia, 1998. vol 29 p388

PROPOSAL

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14400 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Geophysical Survey M1-A1 Area 30, north west of Ridge Road Farm

Compiler Date RF 09 Mar 2015 RF 06 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 7465, 14391

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42738 344820

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Sturton Grange

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) UNASSIGNED - (-)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A geophysical survey was carried out in an area along the corridor of the M1-A1 road development between two areas of known archaeology, Areas 27 and 17, (PRN 7465 and PRN 14391). Little detail is provided by the Babtie Group report of the results of this survey other than to suggest that features of archaeological significance were found centred at grid ref SE 42703482.

Please see report, a copy of which is filed in the HER.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY Babtie Group Ltd. 1996 SURVEY SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report Babtie Group Ltd., 1996. '[M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham Magnetic Susceptibility Report Area 30 South of Beecg Plantation'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14401 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation M1-A1 Area 31 west of Dawson's Wood

Compiler Date RF 11 Mar 2015 RF 09 Mar 2015 RF 06 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 11715, 1058

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 436250 355120

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Lotherton cum Aberford

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) MONUMENT ENCLOSURE AGRICULTURE AND Iron Age (c. 800 BC - 70 AD) FIELD SYSTEM SUBSISTENCE MONUMENT century) ENCLOSURE ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY century) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth BRICK century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE RADIOCARBON Charcoal DATING

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Description

As a result of work prior to the M1-A1 development a watching brief by Babtie Group in Area 19 (see PRN 11715) identified a field system which continued north of Area 19 (PRN 11715). This led to examination of an additonal area immediately to the north of Area 19. The area was first numbered 19b but later changed to Area 31.

Area 31, measuring 0.13 ha, was located along the eastern edge of the A1-M1 road corridor. It was examined by excavation in 1996 in work undertaken by Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS).

This work demonstrated two phases of activity, both dating to the Late Iron Age and Roman period.

Phase 1 is represented by a boundary ditch orientated north-west to south-east and measured up to 2.2m in width and 1m in depth forming a sizeable field boundary as part of a wider field system. Crop mark evidence suggests that this ditch is linked to a ditched feature at Dawson's Wood.

Phase 2 is represented by a triple-ditched sub-rectangular enclosure appended at right angles to the southern side of the Phase 1 ditch and measured 1400m (squared). The ditches vary in profile indicating possible differences in function. The upper fills of the ditches contained a sherd of Roman pottery and a secondary fill contained a large fragment of Roman brick. Another nine features were identified, seven of which lay within the enclosure ditches and two had been cut by them. No artefacts were recovered.

For further information please refer to publication: O'Neill, R. 2001 The Lotherton Landscape - in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp 118-120.

Copies of ASWYAS reports are filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION ASWYAS 1996

Archive/Source type Reference Publication O'Neill, R. 2001 The Lotherton Landscape - in Roberts et al. (eds), 'A New Link to the Past: The Archaeological Landscape of the M1-A1 Link Road' pp 118-120. Report ASWYAS. 1996. 'A1M1 Site 31 Site Summary' Report ASWYAS. 1997. 'M1-A1 Link Road Lofthouse to Bramham New Archaeology Area 31'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14401 Page 484 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14436 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation at Brierlands, Garforth

Compiler Date RF 05 Feb 2016 RF 20 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 1030

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41929 34021

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth POTTERY Mid 2nd-4th century century) INDUSTRIAL Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth STONE QUARRY 1st-2nd century AD century) MONUMENT century) AGRICULTURE AND Roman (c. 70 AD - early fifth FIELD SYSTEM 4th century AD SUBSISTENCE century) MONUMENT century) OVEN MONUMENT century) STRUCTURE ARTEFACT Early Medieval (600 AD - 1066) POTTERY 5th-6th century MONUMENT MONUMENT KILN

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14436 Page 485 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

The site lies to the east of cropmarks indicating an Iron Age/Romano British landscape. An evaluation was carried out at this site by Archaeological Services WYAS in 1998. This work recorded a series of rock cut diches and the foundations of a stone building.

Further excavation was carried out in May and June in 1998 by Gifford and Partners in an area approximately 7500 square metres. Evidence of Romano British activity in the 1st/2nd to 4th centuries AD was found. A large stone quarry has been infilled during the 2nd century. Two ditches were also dated to this period. Evidence of settlement and agriculture took the form of a field system, a stone foundation for a rectangular building with an apsidal west end, corn driers, a trackway and post built structures. A sunken feature building was dated to the mid 5th-early 6th century. A corn drier constructed over the infilled sunken features building was dated to the 11th century.

For further details please see a copy of the report which is filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION EVALUATION ASWYAS 1998 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Gifford and Partners 1998

Archive/Source type Reference Report Gifford, 1998. 'Summary Report on an Archaeological Excavation at Brierlands Lane, Garforth' Report Gifford, 2000. 'Excavations at Garforth'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14436 Page 486 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14482 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Desk-based Assessment Asselby to Pannal Gas Pipeline

Compiler Date RF 08 Apr 2015 RF 01 Apr 2015 RF 31 Mar 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 10025, 10026, 14504

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 6 - General 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44350 3795

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks. Barwick in Elmet Leeds W.Yorks. Thorner Leeds W.Yorks. Wothersome Leeds W.Yorks. Bardsey cum Rigton Leeds W.Yorks. Collingham Leeds W.Yorks. East Keswick Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14482 Page 487 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

A desk-based assessment was carried out prior to the construction of a new gas pipeline by National Grid between existing Above Ground Installations at Asselby in the East Riding of Yorkshire (SE 699 272) and near Pannal in North Yorkshire (SE 252 506). The work was undertaken by Network Archaeology in 2006. The proposed route of the pipeline cut through the north-east of West Yorkshire, for a distance of c. 13km, passing near Thorner, Rigton Hill, Collingham, and East Keswick. The route of the pipeline measured 62km along its total route. The desk-based assessment was primarily a listing of previously recorded archaeology in a corridor 1km wide along the proposed route. These are the HER records which are listed in this assessment PRN 6902, 6903, 6904, 596, 620, 628, 1015, 1049, 1052, 1064, 1066, 1083, 1094, 1107, 1108, 1123, 1239, 1675, 1947, 1961, 2053, 2161, 2198, 2199, 2486, 2747, 2761, 2765, 2801, 2802, 2803, 3056, 3457, 3459, 3462, 3971, 3983, 4058, 4120, 4122, 4139, 4140, 4165, 4166, 4168, 4211, 4226, 5061, 5129, 5139, 5138, 5187, 5222, 5224, 5263, 5266, 6334, 6378, 6615, 7039, 7040.

Additional desk based assessment was undertaken in 2007 with a Local Sources Review, carried out by Network Archaeology for the proposed construction route. Apart from a review of previous evidence for Aberford Dykes there appears to be very limited content for West Yorkshire in this report.

In October 2007 Headland Archaeology provided a palaeoenvironmental desk- based assessment of the pipeline corridor with some reccomendations for methodology when excavation was undertaken .

For further information please see copies of the reports which are filed in the HER.

Further non-intrusive and intrusive archaeological work was subsequently carried out along the pipeline corridor, please see PRN 10025 and at the points where the corridor crossed the Aberford Dykes Complex, please see PRN 10026 and PRN 14504.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Network Archaeology Dec 2006 ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Report Network Archaeology, 2006. 'Asselby to Pannal Proposed Natural Gas Pipeline Archaeological Desk-based Assessment' report no. 363 Report Network Archaeology, 2007. 'Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline Local Sources Review' Report no 377 Report Headland Archaeology Ltd., 2007. 'Palaeoenvironmental Assessment of the Asselby to Pannal Pipeline Route'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 14506 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Excavation at A64/A1 Compound for Asselby to Pannal Gas Pipeline Construction

Compiler Date RF 30 Apr 2015 RF 08 Apr 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References 10025, 1123

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42976 39866

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT - (-) NAIL ARTEFACT - (-) SLAG MONUMENT fifth century) MONUMENT fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14506 Page 489 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

The compound for the construction of the Asselby to Pannal gas pipe line sited to the north of the pipeline corridor at the A46/A1 junction was the subject of a geophysical survey, evaluation excavation and open area excavation undertaken by Network Archaeology in 2007.

Cropmarks of a rectilinear enclosure and a slightly curving field boundary are visible on APs (PRN 1123) at this site, geophysical survey confirmed the presence of these cropmarks and identified several circular anomalies which may have represented pits or a possible roundhouse. An open area trench measuring 166m x 70m and eleven evaluation trenches in the southern part of the site were excavated. Evidence from the evaluation trenches indicated the circular anomalies in the southern part of the site were of natural origin. In the open area excavation the earliest feature identified was a slightly curving linear boundary formed by two separate segments of ditch with a gap of c. 45m between them. The east-west aligned section of this boundary was defined by a substantial ditch ranging from 1.6m to 4m in width and a maximum depth of 0.95m. This boundary was filled by natural silting over time. A rectilinear enclosure c. 49m across was formed by a ditch with a maximum width of 2.8m and depth of c. 0.6m. No secure archaeological features were identified within the interior of the enclosure. Slight evidence was found from the fill of the ditch to suggest the presence of iron-working nearby. A single hand forged nail and small fragments of slag and fired clay were recovered from the fills of the ditch and from the upper fill of the earlier boundary. No date is given for this activity but likely to date to the Iron Age or Romano British period.

For further details please see Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline 2007-8¶pp 122-124.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION EVALUATION Network Archaeology 2007 EXCAVATION AREA EXCAVATION Network Archaeology 2007 GEOPHYSICAL Network Archaeology 2007 SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Publication Gregory, R., Daniel, P. and Brown F., 2013. 'Early Landscapes of West and North Yorkshire: Archaeological Investigation Along The Asselby to Pannal Natural Gas Pipeline ¶

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 14506 Page 490 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15456 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Desk based Assessment North Newholt

Compiler Date RF 07 Dec 2017 RF 05 Jan 2016 RF 18 Dec 2015

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41100 34500

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Parlington Leeds W.Yorks. Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks. Garforth Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Prehistoric or Roman (pre-early FIELD SYSTEM Iron Age/Romano British SUBSISTENCE fifth century)

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material CROPMARK

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15456 Page 491 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

In c. 2002/3/4, (no date given) CgMs Consulting undertook a desk based assessment to consider and area of c. 1ha centred on the above grid reference. The site is bounded by the M1-A1 Link Road to the north and Hawks Nest Farm to the east.

No explanation is provided of the character of the proposed development of an 'off site balancing facility' but an illustration would indicate that it is intended to control water flow.

The study area shown in the report, with a 1000m radius, does not centre on the site of proposed development, but is centred 700-800m to the south east.

A gazetteer of sites of known archaeological interest considered by the study was not included in the report but the following HER records are mentioned in the text, PRN 5418, 1030, 2162, 5418, 2729, 1020.

The report indicates that there are no known sites of archaeological significance within the proposed development area but assessed from cropmark evidence in the vicinity, a moderate potential for remains of Prehistoric to Roman date.

For further details please see a copy of the report which is filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT CgMs 2002/3/4? ASSESSMENT

Archive/Source type Reference Report CgMs Consulting Ltd., 200?. 'Off Site Balancing Facility North Newholt Garforth Desk-based Assessment'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15456 Page 492 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15547 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Desk based Assessment Aberford

Compiler Date RF 07 Dec 2017 RF 16 Mar 2016

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43330 37240

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

In 2006 Nick Poninski undertook a desk based assessment of historic settlement at Aberford as an undergraduate BA History,Trinity and All Saints College assignment, acredited by the University of Leeds.

The assessment was based on an assessment of the historic settlement centred on the above grid reference.

A copy of the report is filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Nick Poninski 2006 ASSESSMENT

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15547 Page 493 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Report Poninski, N., 2006. 'Historic Settlement Aberford' Undergraduate student placement asignment

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15547 Page 494 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15611 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Geophysical Survey at Ridge Farm, Sturton Grange

Compiler Date JD 19 Oct 2017 RF 18 Oct 2017 RF 22 Jun 2016

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 42872 34178

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FIELD BOUNDARY post medieval SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) RIDGE AND post medieval SUBSISTENCE FURROW

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15611 Page 495 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

In October 2015 Headland Archaeology undertook a magnetometer survey of an area measuring c. 1ha along the route of a proposed biomethane connection pipeline.

A north south aligned linear anomalies was identified at the western end of the proposed pipeline and was thought to represent a soil filled ditches which probably corresponded with a field boundary shown on the OS map c. 1849. Elsewhere parallel linear anomalies where interpreted as resulting form ploughing. Another north south linear anomaly was seen in the centre of the area and was also interpreted as a former, unmapped field boundary.

The report suggests that there is unlikely to be settlement activity within the area examined. 'The survey has not identified any anomalies of definite archaeological potential with the majority of the identified anomalies being due to agriculture. A concentration of discrete anomalies at the western end of the corridor has been ascribed some archaeological potential since they cannot easily be attributed to any other origin, although it is possible that these may be geological in nature. The narrow corridor width makes confident interpretation of these, and other, anomalies difficult. However, there is no indication from any other source to suggest that the magnetic data provides anything other than an accurate representation of the sub-surface conditions within the proposed pipeline corridor and therefore, based solely on the results and interpretation of the data, the archaeological potential of the route is considered to be low'.

For further details please see a copy of the report filed in the HER.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) GEOPHYSICAL MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY Headland Archaeology 6/10/2015 SURVEY

Archive/Source type Reference Report Headland Archaeology, 2015. 'Ridge Road Farm, Sturton Grange, Geophysical Survey'

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15635 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Trial excavaion and WB to the rear of Swan Inn

Compiler Date RF 01 Sep 2016

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 43276 37208

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Church Lane Settlement Aberford

Township District County Aberford Kirklees W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) COMMERCIAL Victorian (1837 -1901) STABLE COMMERCIAL Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) OUTBUILDING c. later 18th c

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material EXCAVATED FEATURE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Between January and March 2016 Archaeological Services , WYAS carried out a trial excavation and watching brief in an area to the rear of Swan Inn Aberford. Three trial trenches were opened, 2 measured 2m x 15m and 1 was 5m x 2m a maximum depth of 0.40m below ground surface was reached. A watching brief was also carried out to monitor further groundworks. Evidence of the foundation of former outbuilding or stables was recorded but no deposits earlier than the inn were encountered.

For further information please see a copy of the report which is held on file in the HER.

The extant stable block to the rear of the Swan Inn has grade II Listed staus and dates from c. later 18th century.

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15635 Page 497 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) EXCAVATION TRIAL TRENCH ASWYAS 2016 WATCHING BRIEF ASWYAS 2016

Archive/Source type Reference Report ASWYAS, 2016. 'Swan Inn Aberford Archaeological Trial TRenching and Watching Brief' report no 2873

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15635 Page 498 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15666 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Watching brief at land west of Welfare Avenue

Compiler Date RF 05 Oct 2016

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination No Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 44000 37300

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Welfare Avenue Settlement Barwick in Elmet

Township District County Barwick in Elmet Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

On 17/5/1994 WYAAS carried out a watching brief on the site of the former Barwick in Elmet Junior School west of Welfare Avenue. The site lay within an area where medieval settlement between the church and the mote and bailey castle may survive.

The watching brief comprised the observation of 7 machine dug test pits, each measuring between 2 - 1.3m x 1.5m. The pits were dug to a maximum depth of 1.3m, although most to less 1m depth. Beneath tops soil land drains were noted and one feature which contained modern glass and slag. No feature of archaeological interest were seen and no finds of possible medieval date were recovered.

EVENT

Event Type Gen Event TypeSpec Organisation Date (of event) WATCHING BRIEF WYAAS, Ian Sanderson 17/5/1994

Archive/Source type Reference Report Sanderson, I., WYAAS, 1994. ' Watching Brief Field off Welfare Avenue, Barwick in Elmet'

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15666 Page 500 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15848 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Medieval pottery Lotherton Hall

Compiler Date RF 07 Dec 2017 RF 25 May 2017

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 4 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination Yes Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 8 - Specific 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 450300 360300

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Lotherton cum Aberford Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) ARTEFACT Medieval (1066 - 1550) POTTERY 14th-15th c

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material FIND Pottery

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Three sherds of 14th-15th century pottery were recovered in 1974 during the construction of a greenhouse in grounds at Lotherton Hall (YAJ 1975 p8).

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Publication Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 1975. Vol 47, Archaeological Register 1974 p8

PROPOSAL

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15848 Page 501 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15848 Page 502 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15982 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Fishpond west of Beech House Farm

Compiler Date RF 20 Jul 2017

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination Yes Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41020 34067

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Garforth Leeds W.Yorks. Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) AGRICULTURE AND Post-Medieval (1550 - 1901) FISHPOND before 1850 SUBSISTENCE

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

A fishpond shown on the 1st ed 6" series OS map, and on subsequent historic OS maps including that of 1948. The area is now planted with woodland but the outline of the pond is retained on modern digital mapping.

EVENT

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Historic Environment Record Full Report

Archive/Source type Reference Map OS 1848-1850. 1st Edition (6 inches to 1 mile), Map sheet 219 Map OS 1948. 6 inch to 1 mile, map sheet 219 Map Master Map 2017 WYAAS GIS

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? No Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15982 Page 504 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

Primary Record Number 15989 MONUMENT DETAILS Common name Elizabeth Pit at Sturton Grange

Compiler Date RF 20 Jul 2017

Group record No. No Part of Group record No Group PRN

Cross References

UDP class 3 Sched. Mon. No. Listed Bldg ref.

UDA No. Date Scheduled Listed Bldg grade(s)

NAR No. EH Lithic Record No. Local Site Nomination Yes Conservation Area EH Stray Lithic Record No.

LOCATION DETAILS Confidence 10 - Absolute 100km square/Easting/Northing SE 41420 34540

O.S. 1:10000

Number Street Settlement

Township District County Sturton Grange Leeds W.Yorks.

MONUMENT CHARACTER

Site Type (general) Period (general) Site Type (specific) Period (specific) INDUSTRIAL Victorian (1837 -1901) COLLIERY before 1850

Evidence Main building mat. Secondary building mat. Find material DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Site condition as last known Height OD Area (ha.)

Drift Geology Architect

Description

Elizabeth Pit is annotated on the 1st ed 6" series OS map and shown on later historic OS maps. The c.1894 OS map and later maps shows it as disused.

EVENT

Archive/Source type Reference Map OS 1848-1850. 1st Edition (6 inches to 1 mile), Map sheet 219 Map OS 1894. 6 inch to 1 mile, map sheet 219 Map OS 1948. 6 inch to 1 mile, map sheet 219

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15989 Page 505 of 506 West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service

Historic Environment Record Full Report

PROPOSAL

AP file storage location

On record map? Yes Record to be completed? No

Site management (comments)

Created on 1/24/2018 4:29:00 PM PRN 15989 Page 506 of 506