December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39943 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MICHIGAN SCLC OPPOSES FORCED that extent of violent physical confronta­ Achieving racial balance without crossing BUSING tion." school district lines is already impossible," Dr. Young, a cousin of Detroit Mayor he said. Young, said any money now set aside to im­ "With this hanging over our heads, we can­ plement a Detroit-only bussing plan should not move forward on some of the issues we HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN be diverted to improve vocational training in need to move on to turn this city around. OF MICHIGAN Detroit public schools. "Bussing should be put on the back IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Mayor Young said he agreed with his burner." cousin "100 percent." Instead, Dr. Young said, SCLC is calling Friday, December 13, 1974 The mayor said he believes the funda­ on state and federal officials to allocate funds mental problem for Detroit schools is that to bring all schools up to standard. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, forced they receive only 50 percent of the amount "We're calling on the state of Michigan to busing of school children solely for the of per-pupil dollar support received by sub­ revamp its vocational _program so that peo­ purpose of achieving an artificial racial urban schools. ple living in inner cities, minorities and the balance, continues to be a deeply divisive "That in essence is the problem, and that poor will be prepared to make a living for issue in Michigan and throughout the problem cannot be solved by bussing," Mayor themselves at the age of 18," he said. country. Young said. Dr. Young said public schools also should It divides blacks as well as other · Mayor Young said he would seek to pre­ offer college preparatory courses for those groups in the community. That was vent disturbances if bussing were imple­ who want to continue their education. mented. "There will be no Boston here if I Madison strongly denied that the NAACP underscored recently when the Michigan can help it," he said. has abandoned the concept of quality edu­ chapter of the Southern Christian The NAACP is pushing for implementation cation. Leadership Conference, the civil rights of a Detroit-only bussing plan after failing "That's still our No. 1 goal," he said. "But organization founded by the late Dr. in its fight--carried all the way to the U.S. as long as segregation exists, equalit y is im­ Martin Luther King, Jr., registered Supreme Court--to obtain cross-district possible. The Supreme Court has said this." strong opposition to busing for Detroit. bussing throughout the tricounty area. Madison said NAACP lawyers Me seeking As reported in the Detroit News, The high court last July rejected the a multldistrict bussing plan which would be NAACP plan to integrate Detroit and 53 pre­ acceptable to the Supreme Court. Dr. Claud R. Y0ung, SCLC's Midwest dominantly or exclusively white suburban "So we regard the Detroit-only plan as vice president and a cousin of Detroit's school districts by bussing students across just an interim plan anyway. Meanwhile, we black mayor, Coleman Young, warned district lines. have to deal with it where it's at. And what that court-ordered busing in Detroit The case was referred back to Federal we have to do now is to see that this desegre­ "could destroy the whole city." Court in Detroit, which must draft a plan gation plan is implemented as effectively as This stance contrasts sharply with the for Detroit-only school integration. possible," he said. position of the NAACP which is pressing "We are extremely disappointed in the "We're not talking about racial balance. hard in Federal courts for a new order SCLC position," said Joe Madison, Detroit What we're talking about is true integra­ NAACP executive director, "particularly in tion-the sharing of responsibility, power to require busing in Detroit only, now view of SCLC's long history of fighting seg­ and resources and equally distributing these that the Supreme Court has refused to regation on both local and national levels." to all children in the city of Detroit."- require cross-district busing. Madison said he also expressed the view Dr. Young stated: of Dr. Jesse Goodwin, cl).airman of the We do not feel that integrating the NAACP's education committee. WHAT IS THE STATE OF THE schools without raising the (educational) "We think they are just wrong," Madison standards is going to help us. said. NAVY? He agreed "there may be some truth" to Accordin& to the News: fears that bussing may cause racial violence Dr. Young said the busing issue is adding in Detroit worse than Boston's. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE to racial polarization and ill feeling because "I have had some threats on my life in OF ILLINOIS of economic conditions and auto plant lay­ connection with this already," he said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES offs. He said it is causing migration by both But he said violence is caus·ed by fear Friday, December 13, 1974 white and black families. based on ignorance. "What we should be about in Detroit is to Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, most Amer­ He said: eliminate ignorance about school desegrega­ icans unfortunately are unaware of the Busing should be put on the back burn.er. tion," Madison said. "If you do that, you real nature of the Nation's current de­ eliminate fear, and if you elimin~te fear you I ask unanimous consent that the ar- eliminate violence." fense posture. They believe, incorrectly, ticle be printed in the RECORD. Madison also said the SCLC stand "has very that the United States is still the most There being no objection, the article little leverage" because the matter is in the powerful nation in the world and, more was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, courts. particularly, that our naval forces are as follows: "The Supreme Court has ruled that Detroit superior to those of any other nation. is guilty of segregation in its public schools NAACP Is UPSET BY CALL To DROP ScHooL In recent years, our defense position BUSING and that it must desegregate immediately," has been permitted to deteriorate. Op­ he said. erating on the false assumption of U.S. (By Chester Bulgier) "Any discussion of eliminating plans for Detroit NAACP officials have expressed dis­ desegregation is useless, because you can't superiority, the Congress and the execu­ may at a demand by another influential civil just ignore a decision by the Supreme Court." tive have together made serious cuts in rights organization that the idea of school Dr. Young said it is impossible to achieve funds for research and development of bussing for integration be dropped. racial balance in the Detroit school system new weapons. Today, many urge further The Michigan chapter of the Southern alone because 71.6 percent of its pupils are cuts in order to improve our economic Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) has black. situation, ignoring the very real danger warned that court-ordered bussing in De­ "The SCLC is still strongly integrationist, to our world position. troit "could destroy the whole city." but we're trying to look at this as a· practical The most recent issue of "Jane's Fight­ Dr. Claud R. Young, SCLC vice-president matter," he said. in charge of the Midwest region, said he was "We do not feel that integrating the schools ing Ships" refers to the U.S. Navy as speaking for the Michigan chapter of the without raising the standards is going to that of "the other superpower," clearly organization, which was founded by the late help us. indicates that the Soviet Union has Dr. Martin Luther King and which took a "The reason we supported bussing in the achieved superiority in naval forces, and leading role in the battle against racial seg­ past was it would force us to upgrade our declares that--- regation in the South. schools and achieve quality education for Of those countries to whom a navy is to­ "What would happen here would make the our children. But the NAACP has lost the day essential, the United States is one of recent violence in Boston over court-ordered original concept, which was quality educa­ the foremost, and the U.S. Navy is probably school bussing look like a warm-up," he said tion." also in the van of navies subjected to misin­ in an interview. Dr. Young said the business issue is adding formed, illogical and irrational attacks on it " We have enough first-hand information to racial polarization and ill feeling because by some of those who depend on it the most. about racial polarization, resentment over of economic conditions and auto plant lay­ unemployment and the extent of arms in De­ offs. He said it is causing migration by both The president of the Navy League of troit to know that we simply could not stand white and black families. the United States, in his message in the 39944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 November 1974, issue of Sea Power, the younger than the Soviet fleet, while also tak­ LET'S NOT FORGET GENERAL league's official publication, ask the ques­ ing advantage of the opportunity to fire a BROWN tion: "What is the State of the Navy?" few pot shots at the admirals who have been seeking to modernize and rebuild our fleet. His answer paints a picture which m<>st Unfortunately, the data used failed to in­ Americans will find disturbing. clude, among other items, information on HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN This report notes that-- weaponry, ship construction rates in both OF MASSACHUSETTS We ... know that the Navy has been al­ countries, expenditures for research and de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most halved in size since the end of the Viet­ velopment, and funds allocated to hardware, nam War, in a calculated gamble to rid it of factors that must be considered in evaluat­ Friday, December 13, 1974 obsolescent ships and to provide funds to ing any navy; for that reason, the statistical Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, in the rebuild. We also know that Vietnam left the onslaught did little more than add to the Navy with the largest backlog of required confusion. recent past I wrote to the Secretary of overhauls in its history, and nowhere near Then the Wall Street Journal chimed in Defense requesting some explanation of enough tlme and money have been provided with a report that "Navy omcials get word the incredible remarks of Gen. George S. since then for those overhauls to have been from top Pentagon civilians to stop talking Brown, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs accomplished. We are aware that few, if ariy, openly about U.S. sea.power weaknesses. Sec­ of Staff. ships under construction are on schedule, retary Schlesinger and colleagues feel the I reproduce here the letter which I and that some of those now being built will comparison with Russia is nowhere near as have received from John M. Maury of be over two years late when they finally join dire as some admirals make out." the fleet .... The research and development While we were pondering the impact of this the office of Assistant Secretary of De­ picture is also discouraging. The "fleet of statement, there came a spate of news stories fense. I attach also the five last para­ tomorrow" sought so eagerly, and spoken of from the Pentagon that inflation is eating graphs referred to by Mr. Maury of the so glowingly ... still ls a long, long way off. away at the Navy's shipbuilding program address given by General Brown. and that the Navy is now going to get much I reproduce these two items, not to Only if we understand the negative less than it hoped for with the funds al­ suggest that General Brown's explana­ picture of today's naval preparedness located for the program. Then came a chill­ tion is very satisfactory, but simply to will we be willing to take the necessary ing charge by the outspoken and acerbic Admiral Hyman Rickover that the existing put on the record the reaction of the steps t<> reverse this regressive trend. In Pentagon and General Brown to an inci­ order to provide further information ships of the Navy are in the worst condi­ tion they have been in in the last 50 years. dent which should not be forgotten. The about this situation, I wish to share with On the basis of these confiicting and dis­ material follows: my colleagues the President's message turbing remarks, we begin to wonder just AsSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, from the November 1974 issue of Sea what kind of shape the Navy really is in. We Washington, D.C., December 2, 1974. Power and insert it into the RECORD at do know that the Navy has been almost Hon. RoBERT F. DRINAN, this time: halved in size since the end of the Vietnam House of Representatives, QUESTION: WHAT IS THE STATE OF THE NAVY? War, in a calculated gamble to rid it of obso­ Washington, D.C. In recent weeks, we have seen so many lescent ships and to provide funds to rebuild. DEAR MR. DRINAN: The Secretary of Defense claims and counterclaims on the subject of We know also that Vietnam left the Navy has asked that I respond to your letter of the strength of the U.S. Navy that we have with the largest backlog of required over­ November 22 in which you requested com­ become confused over the true status of hauls in its history, and nowhere near ment upon your recommendation, a.s pub­ that force which plays such a unique role in enough time and money have been provided lished in the November 19 Congressional the maintenance of our freedoms. Jane's since then for those overhauls to have been Record, of the resignation or removal of Fighting Ships, a prestigious publication long accomplished. We are aware that few, if any, General Brown. respected for its research and its commen­ ships under construction are on schedule, As you are already aware of the statement tary about the world's navies, without ac­ and that some of those now being built will issued by General Brown on the matter, I tually stating in so many words that the be over two years late when they finally join will not repeat it. Subsequently, however, Soviet Navy is foremost in the >rorld, clearly the fleet. We know that some ships author­ General Brown did address the subject on indicates this view in a detailed analysis of ized by Congress two years ago still are not November 25 before the Comstock Club of what the Soviets have accomplished in under contract to be built, and that the Sacramento. A copy of his speech is enclosed building up their fleet. Jane's refers to our Navy has encountered heavy going in its for your information and I call your atten­ Navy as "the other superpower" and also search for shipbuilders to build them. And tion to the last five paragraphs. Be assured interestingly observes, "Of those countries we have heard much of late of the running that no one regrets the self-admi.ttedly un­ to whom a navy is today essential, the United battle between the Navy and almost all pri­ founded remairks more than General Brown. States is one of the foremost, and the U.S. vate shipyards, almost all of whom contend Both the President and the Secretary have Navy is probably also in the van of navies vigorously that the Navy's approach to ship­ discussed this matter with General Brown. subjected to misinformed, illogical and ir­ building is antiquated, cumbersome, bureau­ He continues to have their confidence. The rational attacks on it by some of those who cratic, too prone to changes and designed to President, as you will recall, stated: depend on it the most. keep builders' profits so low as to make it un­ "General Brown has been an excellent Not too many days passed before one of desirable for them to build Navy ships. Air Force omcer; he has been an excellent the nation's most distinguished legislators, The research-and-development picture also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He and one who has long been regarded as is discouraging. The "fleet of tomorrow" has made a mistake; he has recognized it. strongly pro-military, Senator John C. Sten­ sought so eagerly, and spoken of so glowing­ He is going to continue as the Chairman of nis of Mississippi, in a speech on the floor ly, by Admiral Zumwalt still is a long, long the Joint Chiefs of Staff." of the Senate said that speculation about way off. The sea control ship for which he The Secretary of Defense fully endorses inferiority of U.S. naval strength is "false" pushed so hard still is on the drawing board, the President's remarks regarding General and could encourage the Soviet Navy "to with Congress blocking the expenditure of Brown. Secretary Schlesinger appreciates react recklessly or belligerently." He added funds for its construction. It now appears your concern and your taking the time to that, on a navy-to-navy basis, the Soviet unlikely it will ever sail the seas in the form advise him of it. Navy does not match the capability of the originally envisioned. The surface effects Sincerely, ship, one which would appear to offer great U.S. Navy, and that the U.S. fleet should be JOHN M. MAURY. able to fulfill its missions except under "the promise, still has not gotten a green light for production. Hydrofoil development and pro­ most adverse and extreme circumstances"­ In response to a question from a student such as a massive land-based air attack with­ duction still are agonizingly slow, and Con­ gress cut more than half of the new patrol on a very complex and difficult subject, I out adequate air support. His remarks gen­ frigate program. provided an unthinking shorthand answer. erally were taken as being in vigorous op­ In an all too casual fashion, I used inaccu­ position to the views of Admiral Elmo Zum­ Operationally, a number of experts agree ·rate words, poorly chosen at random, with­ walt, who completed a four-year term as that a major deficiency exists in surface-mis­ sile capability, and that we are far behind out knowledge of their emotional impact. Chief of Naval Operations on July 1 and I meant no affront. In fact, those present who has averred that the Soviet Navy is the Soviets in this most important sector felt none. On every possible occasion, I have indeed superior to our own. of naval warfare. The authoritative Jane's expressed my concern at having uninten­ Following on the heels of the rather sur­ also tells us that one of our newest additions tionally offended my fellow Americans, not prising Stennis speech came news releases to the fleet, the SPRUANCE-class destroyers, merely Americans of Jewish faith. from the omces of the services' most vocifer­ ships as large as WWII cruisers, will be out­ More than anything else, I am both awed ous critics, Senator William Proxmire and classed by Soviet ships of the same tonnage and appalled by the divisiveness this inci­ Congressman Les Aspin, both of whom re­ in all aspects except ASW operations and the dent has caused. I understand the upset and sorted to statistics to "prove" that the U.S. possession of gas turbine engines. This is a dismay that have been expressed. I have re­ Navy is not only much stronger but also depressing view of brand new ships. ceived some letters of support of a type I December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS '39945 totally reject as alien to America and alien person can fill the shoes of the gentle­ high water requirements. Depending on the to me. Polarization of our society ts contrary man from Iowa. Hopefully, three or four type of energy development-coal gasification to our traditions and clearly not in the best or thermal electric generation-water needs Members will take over the valuable 1n energy development would equal the interests of the Nation. , H. There are two lessons tha.t I have learned. functions now being performed by R. amount (needed] to irrigate 150,000 to First, I have learned a good deal about the GRoss, who has been persistent, informed 300,000 acres for intensive crop production corporate structure of banks and newspapers, and on the job. annually. The value of the water for energy and, in addition, I have learned that the development may be so high tha.t farmers strategic direction of the Armed Forces in cannot bid for it for agricultural uses. If so, the defense of America is my forte and is a irrigated agriculture in the area wlll decline, full-time job. With this in mind, I intend OIL AND WATER WILL NOT MIX as will food production." to avoid even the appearance of dealing Duncan Warren, director of the Lewis and with anything else. Clark Resource Conservation and Develop­ One final word-in light of those offend­ ment Project in North Dakota, where thou­ ing remarks. In three wars, I have been shot HON. DON EDWARDS sands of acres are being leased for strip at in an effort to serve and protect freedom OF CALIFORNIA mining, was quoted in the New York Times of religion and freedom of speech. I feel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES magazine: "But how about a food crisis? That's going to hit us hard in a few years. we must now get on with the serious busi­ Friday, December 13, 1974 ness of maintaining the strength of Amer­ Maybe a few hundred thousand acres right ica-not for strength's sake, but in order to Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. here isn't going to make much difference. preserve these fundamental American free­ Speaker, Journalist Gil Bailey of the San But if this happens everywhere in the West, doms. I assure you that I intend to continue what happens to food production? We don't Jose Mercury observes that "Oil and have the population out here in the West in that effort. Water Will Not Mix" in the winter Thank you. to get a real good impact politically on the 1974-75 issue of Cry California. The Legislature or on Congress. And whe:re the conclusions of this fine article are that population is, they want energy, at least for Project Independence may have sober­ right now." ing effects on our environment, our food And from A Time To Choose: America's H. R. GROSS: PERSISTENT, IN­ production, our transportation systems, Energy Future, a Ford Foundation study: FORMED, AND ON THE JOB and our water supply. "By cutting the growth rate in energy con­ sumption, the United States can balance its The article is as follows: energy budget, safeguard the environment OIL AND WATER WILL NOT MIX: PROJECT and protect the independence of its foreign HON. CHARLES THONE INDEPENDENCE OF NEBRASKA policy." (By Gil Bailey) With the forced resignation of John Saw­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If it is true that coming events cast their hill as Federal Energy Administrator in late Monday, December 9, 1974 shadows before, the American people should October, however, it became clear that the recognize that the Ford Administration's Administration will have no real conservation Mr. THONE. Mr. Speaker, American "Project Independence" for national energy program. Sawhill had emphasized the neces­ author Edward Eggleston wrote, "Per­ self-sufficiency carries the threat of national sity for conservation as an essential element sistent people begin their success where and international disaster. in the effort to reduce the nation's depend­ others end in failure." . The warnings are clear. Of dubious valid­ ence on foreign oil. Instead, when Interior Thus, it is not derogatory but lauda­ ity on several counts, Project Independence Secretary Rogers C. B. Morton won the tory to report that the gentleman from is also in direct conflict with the need to in­ bureaucratic struggle for control, he imme­ crease the nation's production of food. Fur­ diately proclaimed his own stand in a speech Iowa has been defeated more often than ther, it can only add momentum to the in­ entitled, "Coal is the Answer." any other Member in efforts to reduce flationary trend of the economy. The impact Although the secretary later denied that Federal spending. HAROLD ROYCE GROSS of Project Independence on future food sup­ the Administration has no interest in con­ has been undaunted by his defeats. He ply is probably its least realized danger. Un­ servation, the nation is nevertheless proceed­ has persisted. As a result, on many other less the program is based on conservation of ing with a single-purpose program for energy occasions he has succeeded in reducing energy and closely related to plans for in­ production, despite numerous warnings com­ the rate at which this body is adding to creased food production, neither aim can be ing also from informed members of Congress, accomplished and the physical environment the Central Intelligence Agency, the Presi­ our national debt. Americans have been may be irreversibly impaired in the process. dent's Council on Environmental Quality, spared billions and billions of dollars in Late last month, a subcommittee of the and the Environmental Protection Agency. taxes because of the persistent efforts of House Committee on Agriculture warned If Project Independence were to proceed as H. R. GROSS. that without intensified food production presently designed, let's see what the future I share the view of the gentleman from and a change in population patterns, starva­ might hold ... Iowa that America is being endangered tion may be the consequence in many areas WAsHINGTON.-The year is 1990 and Proj­ because of the ever-faster growing na­ of the world. The impending food crisis, the ect Independence is a reality. report added, "will have the potential to af­ A commercial airliner takes off from Dulles tional debt. Not every Member shares fect everyone from every walk of life and hit International Airport and climbs swiftly. Al­ that opinion. One conviction that I am with more impact than the energy crisis of though it is still daylight, the sky is eerily certain we all hold in common, however, 1973-74." dark. Little can be seen of the ground below, is the importance of passing legislation The report further poipted out that the capitol dome, or the Potomac River a few that is technically sound, free from error "shortages of land, water, fertilizer, and en­ miles away. Smoke, heavy and black from the and worded so that it will accomplish its ergy could aggravate the crises, with the coal-fired power plants, and heavy auto emis­ objectives. This body has been greatly United States in the midst of the situa­ sions have combined to cast a pall over the aided toward that objective through the tion ... Americans cannot afford to sit idly area. The pall is not confined to the capital by thinking that this problem does not affect city. It covers most of the metropolitan East efforts of the gentleman from Iowa. No us." Coast, the great megalopolis that stretches other Member of the House of Represent­ The National Academy of Sciences, in a down the Atlantic seaboard. atives, in my opinion, does a more con­ bulletin entitled The Rehabilitation Poten­ The smog, of course, has destroyed more scientious job of studying every bill that tial of Western Coal Mines, has noted: "Un­ than esthetic values. The rate of lung cancer comes to the :floor than H. R. GRoss. He til recently, it has been tacitly assumed that has risen in urban regions, as has the death has saved this body from embarrassment the unappropriated water in the coal region rate from heart disease. Respiratory problems on many occasions because he was thor­ would be used for some combination of irri­ are much more serious, and doctors advise gation, wildlife management, and municipal those with heart or lung problems to leave oughly informed of the content of pro­ and industrial purposes. In 1973, the use of the vicinity, as in the 1960s and 1970s they posed legislation. this water became, as ·far as government advised patients with similar ailments to No Member is more faithful than the reports are concerned, more importantly di­ move from the Los Angeles region. There are gentleman from Iowa in being present on rected towards energy conversion . . . Such other side effects. Paint peels off homes lo-· the floor when legislation is being con­ a sharp reversal in government policy came cated downwind from the power plants. Soot sidered. Because he is always on hand, a.bout with little or no public awareness." collects on everything and there is no longer he can point out to the House both its Here are other harbingers: such a thing, fashion or no fashion, as a white From Energy Use and Outlook, prepared by shirt. technical errors and its errors in judg­ the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Finally above the dark layer, the plane ment. Department of Agriculture: "In the Rocky swings west on its flight across what has often The House needs an H. R. GRoss. He Mountains and Northern Great Plains, energy been called "America's Heartland," where the will be sorely missed in this body. No one development-coal and oil shale-can have "amber waves of grain" provided not only CXX--2518-Part 30 39946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 19 74 sustenance for the nation, but a surplus for the need for energy. International demands exceed the actual flow of the river. As a export. Here, also, there are huge clouds of for food aggravate the domestic situation. result, there is a great deal of "paper water," smoke formed, as in the East, by the mixture Several hungry but nuclear-equipped na­ of no use for drinking but a great use in of auto exhausts and emissions from coal­ tions back demands for American produce court. Approximately 17 million acre-feet of fired plants. Chicago and Gary are invisible, with clear threat of holocaust. water rights are allocated (an acre foot of as la.ter a.re the twtr_ cities of Minneapolis If the present formulation of Project Inde­ water is the amount that would be required and St. Paul, and St. Louis. • pendence becomes a reality, the consequences to cover one acre a foot deep) for a river Over St. Louis, another phenomenon is may not be far wide of the scenario just out­ which produces only 13.5 million acre-feet of glimpsed only dimly. The Missouri River is lined, although the exact year may not be water annually, Even though there is nor­ no longer "wide." It is reduced to a thin 1990. mally a real surplus of water in the upper stream, most of its waters having been pre­ The President appears to be guided by a basin, that surplus is eventually used up empted for the oil-shale and coal-gas plants single yardstick-the continuation of an un­ in the lower basin for agriculture in the Gila, upstream. Barges can no longer navigate the limited growth economy. The problems facing Imperial and Coachella valleys and for the river, which puts an additional burden on the nation, however, cannot be solved simply multiple needs of the Greater Los Angeles the rail and highway transport systems. But by conventional projections of future energy Metropolitan Area along with those of Mex­ then, there is less to be carried from the demands in the United States based on past ico. Dakotas and the mountain states, for the rates of consumption. Future needs must be Thus, if we can rely on estimates by the same demands that dried up the Missouri­ tailored to the unavoidable limitations of Department of the Interior that additional water for coal, lignite and oil shale-have also finite resources. water needed for energy by the year 2000 will reduced the water available for cropland Unfortunately, there is no national plan­ total 874,000 acre-feet per year for little more irrigation. ning body such as suggested by Russell Train, than prototype programs in the states of Farther west, the plane crosses the Col­ administrator of the Environmental Protec­ Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and orado River, now also a small and black tion Agency, to evaluate conflicting demands Arizona, or on the Western States Water stream. Its waters too have been turned over on resources and seek equitable allocation. Council's calculation that the same need will to the ever-increasing demand for energy. Train pointed out in the previous issue of be 821,000 acre-feet in 1990, we can be sure Already over-extended in 1974, the Colorado Cry California: the extra water will be taken fron1 the now is truly a dead river. The salt and acid "There is probably no more compelling mouths of many. content of its lower basin is so great that evidence of the need for a permanent mecha­ There are two problems wit h the Colorado no farmer wishes its waters to wash his fields, nism for long-range analysis and evaluation River: Besides the absolute supply of water, and the cost of desalting the river is pro­ than the multitude of interdepartmental task there is its salt content. As the Colorado hibitive. forces, committees and commissions that in winds south, it picks up salts, and the salin­ The pilot is more than usually careful on recent years have appeared and disappeared, ity increases with each water use and dis­ this leg of the trip because weather-modifi­ flourished and faded, as the crises that led to charge. At present, Mexico, which is entitled cation projects in the Upper Colorado River their creation have come and gone ... What to 1.5 million acre-feet per year from the Basin have had unpredicted climatic effects we need, in fact, is a mechanism that will river, complains strongly about the salt con­ in the Rocky Mountain and Plains states. produce the ldnds of information, analysis tent of the water because it severely dam­ The jet lands at San Francisco after flying and evaluation of issues that will enable us ages their crops. As a result, the United over Yosemite Valley. The valley is now fill­ to understand the long-term impact and States has agreed to build a huge desaliniza­ ing with water, the culmination of a project implications of the decisions we must t ake." tion plant to cleanse the river before it goes similar to San Francisco's Hetch Hetchy In light of these comments, it seems worth­ across the border. which many years ago inundated another while to review the origins of Project Inde­ According to the report, "Although salin­ scenic valley to supply water for the city of pendence. It was conceived as a public-rela­ ity is considered the most serious water­ San Francisco. Farther north, huge machines tions gesture, in what turned out to be the quality problem, energy development poses bore giant tunnels to divert Columbia River final months of the Nixon Administration, to potential problems of added municipal waters to the Colorado basin, against the appease a public bewtldered over the sudden wastes, industrial wastes, dissolved oxygen outraged protests of Oregon and Washington. fuel crisis and angry at waiting in line for content, temperature, heavy metals, toxic Had the plane been scheduled to land in hours for gasoline. A simple example will materials and bacteria." Los Angeles, its passengers would have ob­ illustrate the lack of forethought with which Like politics and misery, competition for served a skeletal, thinly populated city. The the plan was conceived. When former Colo­ water can make strange bedfellows. The Met­ decline was caused by many factors. Intro­ rado Governor John Love held the position of ropolitan Water District of Southern Cali­ duction of oil and high-sulfur coal to fuel "energy czar," reporters met with him in the fornia, locally known as "Met," which serves its power plants contributed heavily to the old Executive Office Building. Love trotted the megalopolis of greater Los Angeles, has severe smog of 1979. Massive spUls from off­ out the usual figures showing that oil shale not often found itself on the side of en­ shore oil fields ruined the beaches and de­ and coal could save the nation. A reporter vironmentalists. Yet in Washington, D.C., a stroyed marine life. The final blow was the asked about water requirements and he re­ Met spokesman recently sent a reporter an shrunken supply of water, which gradually plied, "We haven't thought about that.'' Yet article from Environment magazine, entitled strangled this once basically desert area con­ it takes three barrels of water to produce "Wringing Out the West: Remember the verted to a metropolis only through the im­ one barrel of oil from shale, and many of the Missouri and the Colorado?" With the article portation of water. The disappearance of oil-shale deposits are in water-short areas of was a note saying, "Don't know whether you their water came as a great shock to the Colorado. have seen this-thought it might be help­ millions who lived here but were unaware Other adverse factors being ignored in­ ful." The article affirmed the deep concern of the precarious balance of the natural re­ clude: of Met over energy development based on sources on which the richness of the area. Loss of agricultural production as water Colorado River waters. depended. The lush fields of the Imperial, and land are preempted for energy. Spokesmen for Met stress the salinity prob­ Coachella and Gila valleys have meanwhile Lowering standards of air and water qual­ lem, rather than absolute shortages, because been destroyed by salt-laden irrigation wa­ ity, with the accompanying danger to public the district believes it can replace quantity ter, and the diversion of water from the San health. Increasingly inflated costs of developing deficiencies with water from Northern Cali­ Joaquin and Sacramento valleys in a des­ fornia. If this were done, the further drain perate effort to save Los Angeles has sharply net energy. (It takes energy to produce en­ ergy.) on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San reduced agricultural production there. Fran cisco Bay, and the irrigation system for The plane's passengers disembark at San Among a series of studies on the water farmlands of the Sacramento and San Joa­ Francisco and buy newspapers at $1.50 for needed for energy production, a report cover­ quin valleys would intensify pressures for 12 pages. They read of the continuing border ing the Upper Colorado River Basin has been development of all possible sites, not exclud­ wars with Mexico, sparked partly by United completed. The conflict over water allocation and use, arising from the need to produce ing Yosemite Valley. States efforts to control Mexico's off-shore If unchecked, such energy demand could oil fields, and also by the accumulated im­ food and energy in ever-increasing amounts, is highlighted in a section.of the report which spark a new drive to tap the waters of the purities in the Colorado River which destroy Columbia. Mexican cropland. opens a discussion of the "crunch" in water San Francisco, too, is smog-bound, and supplies: Disturbing as the long-term projections respiratory disease has increased sharply be­ "It is apparent that the legal right to are-long term meaning ten or more years­ cause of the use of coal in power plants. A utilize water will 'be, perhaps, the most im­ the implications of the current prototype trip to Monterey and Carmel ls no longer a portant factor in the consideration of the projects are equally unsettling. Already the pleasure. The sea otter, once a friendly and question of water for energy development in energy companies are taking over agricul­ diverting sight in Monterey Bay, is extinct, the Upper Colorado Basin." tural water rights in the Upper Colorado, victim of oil spills and other man-caused The Colorado is a classic case. Hardly a and new reservoirs. and pipelines, at half a disruptions of the marine environment. drop of the river now flows freely to the billion dollars a crack, are being planned. In There are serious problems caused by radia­ sea. Almost all is used and reused for irri­ addition, the federal Bureau of Reclama­ tion leaks from nuclear plants along the gation, power production and municipal and tion is talking quietly of adding at least coast and inland. industrial purposes. Water rights-the legal 500,000-and perhaps 1.5 million-acre-feet California markets, once filled with fresh rights to use the water of the river-are dis­ of water to the basin through cloud seeding. produce, are nearly empty because of the tributed among seven states, including Cali­ Experimental projects are under way. curtailment of agriculture brought on by fornia, and Mexico. These commitments far The Colorado is not the only river under December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39947 pressure. Consider the case of the Missouri. not afford to refuse the persistent offers of Henry Jackson (Democrat, Washington) and That river and its basin provide the only the energy companies. Typically, a. square others have consistently advocated a significant sources of water for Montana. and mile of this farmland will gross an esti­ balanced program of conservation and portions of North Dakota a.nd Wyoming, now mated $50,000 per year, according to the New development. used primarily for Irrigation and navigation. York Times. The same property could yield Cranston proposed that the President The Bureau of Reclamation has estimated an estimated $1.12 million in energy royalties. exert the "full power and persuasion of the that the Yellowstone, one of the tributaries In the Dakotas, as well as elsewhere, the federal government to cut the annual rise of the Missouri, which now fiows all but un­ search for energy Is in direct competition in the rate of fuel consumption in the U.S. checked the length of Montana, could an­ with the need for increasing food supplies, by 50 percent." He said Americans can save nually provide 2.6 million acre-feet of water and the United States no longer produces a. a.t least 340,000 barrels of oil a day, noting for energy development. Energy developers real surplus of food to the degree that it that "at current lnfiated prices, that comes have already requested 3.3 mllllon acre-feet. can meet rising export demands and help to nearly $4 million a day." Cranston has The average fiow of the Yellowstone ls 9.4 balance the trade deficit, or even keep down also suggested specifics to make such a. pro­ million acre-feet each year, just 3.7 million American food prices. Experts on the Sen­ gram effective, including a graduated tax more than would be required for current uses ate Agriculture Committee point out that on autos, based on weight, thus related to and projected energy uses combined. almost all the nation's Class I agricultural consumption of gas. The Northern Plains Resources Council has land is now in production. There is no land Udall stresses prudent resource manage­ said that "diversions of this sea.le [by energy left in the land bank, and every acre of land ment, commenting: "There is only one new companies] would critically threaten the or allocation of water removed from agricul­ real source of energy and that is to conserve efficiencies of present pumping and diver­ tural uses decreases the nation's ability to energy." As the man who has worked hardest sion facilities a.nd would eliminate any fur­ grow food. to pass a strong strip mining control bill, ther development of irrigable lands." The CIA briefed Congressmen recently on Udall has faced the problem head on. The Environment article made a further the world food situation, noting the dangers As noted earlier, the Ford Foundation re­ point: "Officials of the Missouri River trans­ of famine overseas and the possibilities of port warns tha.t a number of things must be port lines operating east of the 98th meridian acute problems in China and the soviet done to achieve a reduction in the national are understandably nervous about water uses Union if the predicted colder weather cycle consumption of energy. These include: further west that might leave their boats develops. The CIA bluntly said the United Adopt minimum fuel-economy perform­ high and dry. As Gibbs [Phil Gibbs of the States can regain world leadership if lt has ance standards for new cars, to achieve an U.S. Bureau of Reclamation] points out, the crops for export, but will face "potential average of at least 20 miles per gallon by there is the potential for nearly choking off risks" from the powerful nations of the world 1985. the lower Missouri by legally diverting water if the food isn't available. Such risks might Encourage more efficient space heating and for human activities between the headwaters of course include nuclear confrontation. cooling. This includes making credit easily in Montana and the Iowa border." Another question raised by Project Inde­ available for energy-saving investments in The situation could result in reopening pendence--at least as it is now contem­ existing buildings; setting higher Federal long-standing controversies over water plated-is its effect on the economy~ The cur­ Housing Administration standards for in­ rights. At present there is a fragile truce, but rent infiation derives in part from pressures sulation and heating and cooling systems; the proposed federal government policy built up by the Vietnam War. The Russian upgrading building codes and providing threatens to upset that delicate balance. In wheat deal, increasing many basic costs, and technical a.ss1sta.nce to builders. particular, the government is considering the huge and abrupt boost in on prices cre­ Design government programs to encourage making official claim to its own rights for ated the current pea.ks. The increasing cost technological innovation for saving energy. water originating on or traveling through of "net" energy production, as envisioned in This includes shifting federal resea.rch-and­ federal lands. Such rights might supersede Project Independence, will further aggravate development funding toward energy con­ those granted by states. In addition, several infiation. There ls no cheap energy left. For servation technology. Indian nations are preparing claims of their example, Detroit Edison has contracted for Set prices to refiect the full costs of pro­ own, striking terror in the hearts of cur­ 180 million tons of Montana coal at a cost of ducing energy-this is especially important rent users. $1 billion, and the cost of transportation will for the promotion of energy-saving in in­ Water is, of course, but one of the re­ add an additional $2 billion. on from oil dustry. This means eliminating energy in­ sources which will be exploited and perhaps shale wlll be more costly than oil from the dustry subsidies; abolishing promotional dis­ even exhausted by demands for unlimited ground. Natural gas from lignite will be more counts for big electricity users; levying pol­ energy. costly than natural gas from the ground. Oil lution taxes to supplement pollution-control Land ls also the object of strenuous com­ from Alaska will be more costly than oil from regulation; and building oil stockpiles fi­ petition, particularly in areas where huge Texas, oil from off-shore rigs will be more nanced by tariffs on imported oil. coal and oil-shale deposits lie. The strlp­ costly than oil from on-shore rigs. Even at a two-percent annual growth rate, mlnlng bill is once more mired in House­ The energy developed by Project Independ­ energy supplies will need to be 28 percent Senate conference committee, and while ence will be more costly in another way. It larger in 1985 than in 1973. Yet the slow­ there may still be legislation to protect the is possible to expend more energy in develop­ down from present growth rates would mean land from unrestricted strip-mining, no ment and transport than is ulti.ma.tely real­ th~t from now until 1985, the nation could such safe-guards exist at this writing. ized. It should be determined whether the meet demand without resorting to develop­ While a good portion of the coal and oil­ net energy gained is worth the price pa.id to ments that risk grave environmental damage shale deposits are under relatively unpro­ produce it. No one has :figured the BTU or serious foreign-policy confrontations. (British Thermal Unit) cost-benefit ratio of Until 1985, new supplies could come from ductive land, this is by no means true of r· 11. many of the proposed energy developments. In agriculturally rich North Dakota, for discoveries of oil and gas onshore, plus off­ Finally, coal, the so-called basic fuel in shore production in the Gulf of Mexico; sec­ example, there are huge deposits of lignite Project Independence, is the dirtiest of all quite readily available for stripping. An ondary and tertiary recovery from existing oil fuels. The lethal smogs of Damara, Pennsyl­ and gas wells; coal from deep mines and sur­ estimated 600,000 acres of farmland have vania, and London were ca.used by the burn­ already been leased by energy companies. face mines where the land can be reclaimed· ing of coal. It is questionable whether coal and electric power plants already in som~ Lignite is low-grade coal which ls commonly can be burned cleanly, and it is certain that burned to produce natural gas, a process re­ stage of construction. For this period, at additional coal plants will create more pollu­ least, it would not be necessary to embark quiring great quantities of water. tion. Indeed, the coal industry is pressing for Although the companies contend they will on large-scale development of Western coo.I an easing of air-pollution standards because and shale where reclamation is chancy or reclaim all the land mined, that land would of the energy crisis and may well win its case be out of production during stripping and impossible. Nor would massive new commit­ To summarize Project Independence, it ments to nuclear power, increased oil im­ for the period of replacement and revegeta­ simply won't work. There a.re logical alterna­ tlon. Also, there is no guarantee that it is ports, or offshore oil development in so far tives, including the simplest and most work­ undisturbed areas (Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf possible to restore the soil to its former qual­ able of all-conservation of energy by ity. There may well be more publ,ic relations of Alaska) be required. reducing the rate of consumption and con­ The study concludes that if historical than science in the energy companies' largely centrating on development of less destruc­ untested claims of complete reclamation. growth patterns are followed it would mean tive sources of supply. "very aggressive development of all energy So far North Dakota, along with most of In Washington, energy conservation is the Western states, has taken a "show me" sources." There would be "little scope to strongly supported by Train of EPA, Russell pick and choose among s.ources of supply, no attitude towards energy development. Not so Peterson of the President's Council on En­ strangely, the enthusiasm for such activity matter what economic, foreign policy or en­ vironmental Quality and a number of Con­ vironmental problems might arise." increases in direct proportion to the distance gressmen. Peterson advocates a. "half and from a development. Most benefit dis­ Yet this is the course taken thus far be­ will half" program-half development and half cause of failure to realize the consequences tant areas-Los Angeles, for exarr~ple--while conservation. (Of course, no one speaks bringing hitherto unknown pollution and of Project Independence or, in fact, of any against conservation any more. Energy policy, single-purpose approach to the complex social problems to the relatively stable and however, is a different matter.) problems we face in company with the rest o! clean Western farm states. Senator Alan Cranston (Democrat, Cali­ the world. However, the economics of the situation fornia) and Representative Morris Udall To plan by slogan is a dangerous exercise dictate that in the end, many farmers can- (Democrat, Arizona), together with Senator in self-deception. In an interdependent 39948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 world which must ftnd a way to live in har­ yea.rs for nothing • • • I only wish those "Like the eagle-American eagle," he sa.ld, mony, Project Independence invites chaos. beautiful people in that beautiful country pointing to his Lithuanian symbol. It ls not too late to consider all of the factors wouldn't have to live in a land of concentra­ Mrs. Sulskis, a stolid woman with a big involved-food supply, inflation, foreign pol­ tion camps." smile, told-through an interpreter-of being icy and pollution-and plan comprehen­ An interpreter was needed to translate the harried in her small village after her son's sively from a base of resource conservation. words. But no interpreter is needed to trans­ arrest. late Kudirka's emotions, hand clasp, and She said that a woman's organization to piercing blue eyes when he challenges: which she had belonged for 20 years dropped "I'd like to send at lea.st one American her suddenly, the interpreter explained, add­ over there to ask for a document of human ing: "She wishes she had brought some SIMAS KUDffiKA-THE SAILOR IS rights. They took away four of my human smoked bacon with her, although she isn't NOW HOME BUT THIS TIME IT IS rights. supposed to eat it.'' FOR REAL "We're very emotional people," he con­ For Kudirka, the long wait for freedom ls cluded, grasping a hand and not letting go over. But at the reception yesterday begin­ until he was through. ning his fight to get his wife and 11-year-old HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN Kudirka's aborted jump to freedom re­ daughter to this country. Aloyzas Jurgutis OF ILLINOIS sulted in a House Foreign Affairs Subcom­ escaped to Italy while on an excursion to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee report and the early retirement of Yugoslavia and arrived here in September. two Coast Guard officers, who were faced with After his defection, his wife lost her job and Friday, December 13, 197 4 courts-martial. none of his letters has been answered. Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, after When Kudirka jumped aboard the Coast "Please help me if you can," Jurgutis said 4 long years of hard labor in a Siberian Guard cutter off Martha's Vineyard in 1970 in halting English. and asked for political asylum, he had no concentration camp, Simas Kudirka, the idea that he could claim American citizen­ Lithuanian sailor who attempted to ship, he recalled yesterday. jump ship and defect to the U.S.S. Coast It was only when word came out of Lithu­ Guard cutter Vigilant off Martha's ania that Kudirka's mother, Maria Sulskis, HON. H. R. GROSS Vineyard, on November 23, 1970, is now had been born and baptized in America that home and safe in the United States of the break came for Kudirka, serving the 10- HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS America. year term of forced labor for treason. What turned into a detective hunt for the OF ILLINOIS My staff-Betty Burger, caseworker proof of American birth-with the State '.l:N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and my executive assistant, Sandy Department carefully checking the ink to Burke-and I along with hundreds of rule out forgery-started with a letter from Monday, December 9, 1974 Lithuanian-American groups, especially, Lithuania to an old friend of Mrs. Sulskis. Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, although Dr. and Mrs. Roland Paegle, Mr. and "The letter to Maria Achenbach, who had not tall in stature, one of the real giants Mrs. Romus Kezys, and Dr. and Mrs. known Mrs. Sulskls in Lithuania, said that of the Congress is leaving for a well­ Kezys Bobelis, began our exhaustive 2- Simas' mother 'was born in the United States earned retirement. These Halls will not year crusade to free Simas Kudirka from like yourself.' We didn't know the name of the church where she was baptized, but we be the same next year without H. R. a 10-year hard labor sentence in a Sibe­ got hold of a Catholic priests' association GRoss. In the last 26 years he has be­ rian concentration camp. and checked where the priest, whose name we come one of the lege!ldary personalities Through the great assistance of the knew, had been assigned. It was St. Mary the of Capitol Hill. Visitors from all parts U.S. State Department and the personal Angels in Brooklyn," related Glazlna Paegle. of the country looking down on this intervention by President Gerald R. Ford Kudirka, his wife, his mother, son, and Chamber from the gallery invariably ask, with Soviet Communist Party Chief daughter, have been living with the Paegles "Which one is H. R. Gross?" Leonid Brezhnev, SihlP·S Kudirka, the in Locust, N.J., where the Lithuanian sailor Yes, H. R. GRoss has been more than is close to the water of a nearby bay. sailor, is now home, but this time it is "The morning after he arrived," Mrs. Pae­ a Representative from the State of Iowa. for real. gle said, "he went out in a motor boat with In his self-styled role as "watchdog of I wish to insert an article which ap­ my husband. He was amazed there were no the Treasury" he has built up a devoted peared in the Washington Post for the guards along the seacoast, no checkpoints." national constituency. Citizens from all interest of my colleagues. Once the baptism certificate of Kudirka's 50 States who believe in sound govern­ HOME IS THE SAILOR, THIS TIME FOR REAL mother was found, the State Department de­ ment and fiscal integrity have come to (By Jean M. White) clared her an American citizen earlier this admire the tenacious resolve of this man year, opening the way for her son to claim Simas Kudirka, who survived one of this in his pursuit of responsible legislation. citizenship by choice. Mrs. Sulskls was born The other day someone facetiously re­ country's less glorious moments with un­ in Brooklyn in 1906 and, at the age of 6, taken tarnished belief in America, was put to an­ back to Lithuania, where she lived until she marked that when those two great lib­ other stern test yesterday. joined her son's family to return to her erals-GROSS and ARENDS-retire, per­ In a crowded, noisy Capitol reception homeland. haps something can be done about Fed­ room, the Lithuanian sailor, who tried to Rep. Robert Hanrahan (R-Ill.), who was eral spending. The incongruity of cast­ jump ship to freedom, went through the co-host with New York Sen. James Buckley R. ordeal of a hero's welcome, shaking hands, ing H. in the role of liberal naturally smiling, understanding little of what was and Illinois Sen. Charles Percy at the Capitol brought forth a good laugh in the cloak­ said, sweating in a stifling room, often more reception yesterday, said President Ford had room. But in many ways that really than a little confused. And yet he still could intervened personally with Sovie·t Commu­ count, he is just that. say that he was happy to be in America. nist Pa.rty Chief Leonid Brezhnev to free Certainly no Member of Congress, past There have been worse moments for Kudirka on his claim of American citizen­ ship. or present, has been more liberal and Kudirka. "The State Department checked carefully," generous in giving of his time and talent Four years ago he jumped aboard an to serve his constituents and his country. American Coast Guard vessel tied to a Rus­ Hanrahan said. "They even checked the ink sian fishing trawler off the New England on the mother's baptismal certificate. You Certainly no Member of Congr..Jss, past coast during a talk about fishing rights. remember that forged map that fooled Yale or present, has been more liberal and Kudirka asked refuge in the United States, University a while back.'' conscientious in his efforts to preserve but Coast Guard officers allowed Russian Kudirka arrived in the United States on and promote the principles upo11 which sailors to beat him and drag him back to Nov. 5-Election Day. this Republic was founded. the Soviet ship. "Unfortunately, I was in Chicago so it didn't help me in the election," Rep. Han­ Certainly no Mem _er of Congress, past The 44-year-old Lithuanian then served or present, has been more liber::il in shar.. four years of a 10-year sentence in a Siberian rahan noted wryly. His Third Illinois District concentration camp. He was freed in Septem­ includes suburban and city wards in Chicago ing his vast knowledge of the legislative ber after his mother's baptism.al certificate with a sizable number of constituents with and parliamentary process. was found in a Brooklyn, N.Y., Roman cath­ Baltic blood. Yes, H. R. GROSS throughout his 13 olic Church to give her son claim to Ameri­ Kudirka, who had picked up some English terms in the Congress has been liberal can citizenship. as radio operator on his ship, is adding to in ways that count-just as he has been Looking across the crowded reception his vocabulary. Yesterday, holding a silver conservative in way that count. Labels room yesterday, a trifle 111 at ease in his new plate given him by the House of Representa­ have never been important to him. What blue suit, Kudirka said forcefully. tives, he pointed to the insignia of the eagle mattered most was the welfare of the "I do this if it will help the people left when asked about his two lapel pins: the behind. I am no hero. I know people back American flag and the Lithuanian national country and how it is affected by what there who have been in labor camps for 25 symbol of a knight. we do here. He has been one of our most December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39949 effective legislators. Countless measures A WALK ON THE SOUTH SIDE Washington, Pa., and the great National Road. bear his unique imprint. Today, it still is a major artery, and every I feel privileged, indeed, to have had day, an endless stream of trafilc pounds its the opportunity to serve with H. R. these HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS OF PENNSYLVANIA way along the narrow street. City planners, past 26 years and to have been included restoration specialists and just plain South in his circle of friends. I join with all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Siders would like the heavy trafilc rerouted, my colleagues on both sides of the aisle Friday, December 13, 1974 but so far, any bypass is tangled in in saluting his outstanding record as he bureaucracy. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, for those Carson Street, of course, is the key to any retires to private life, and I extend my of my colleagues who would relish a taste to significant restoration of the area. For years, best wishes him and his charming wife of "old world" atmosphere in the course members of the South Side Chamber of Com­ Hazel, for good health and abundant of modern-day living. I call their atten­ merce, Citizens Council and the Pittsburgh happiness in the years ahead. tion to the following article which de­ History and Landmarks Foundation (PHLF) scribes the South Side of the city of have been dreaming great dreams about old Birmingham-as they like to refer to the Pittsburgh. area. THE ARGONNE Written by Margie Carlin and pub­ They see South Side as a potential George­ lished by the South Side Chamber of town, Society Hill or Beacon Hill, once the Commerce, the article accurately de­ dilapidated boardedup buildings, tawdry HON. JOHN E. HUNT scribes the mixture of old and new in plastic store fronts, sidewalk litter and other OF NEW JERSEY the community today. Mr. Speaker, I evidences of inner-city decay are removed invite my colleagues to enjoy "A Walk on from the 20-block-long business section. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We almost had a couple high-rises a few Friday, December 13, 1974 the South Side": years ago, but it fell through," she said. A WALK ON THE SOUTH SIDE .. This was made for the future of the South Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, a short time (By Margie Carlin) Side. If the older people could move into ago E. Sheldon Graeff, of Stratford, N.J., It isn't true that you need a passport to apartments, it would open up housing for presenteji me with a beautiful poem en­ cross the 10th Street Bridge into the South young couples, and we'd have new blood titled "The Argonne." It is .an emotional Side, but sometimes visitors get that impres­ here." piece and, at this time of year, as we sion. She said that the older South Siders had approach the Christmas season, it would South Side is one of Pittsburgh's oldest been eager to move into modern apartments be well for each of us to remember and neighborhoods and perhaps the one most near their familiar shopping a.nd churches. read this stirring reminder of things insulated against change. HOUSES HARD TO FIND gone by. It was my intent to publish this The Old World atmosphere persists, and "Houses for rent or sale on the South Side poem on Veterans Day, but due to the you stm can hear greetings in Czech, Hun­ are practically nonexistent. You just try to garian, Ukrainian, Serb, Polish or some other find one. If a house does open up, it's sold pressure of business I withheld it and Middle European tongue. on the advice of my good wife decided to almost right away to a friend or relative." Kiszki, kielbasa, holubki and pieroghis One of, the lucky "outlanders" who has publish it just prior to Christmas Day. (sausages, stuffed cabbages and stuffed found a nest right on Ea.st Ca.rson Street is Mr. Graeff is a gentleman of consider­ dumplings) are standard fare, and the old Mrs. Laura Pence. She moved into the area able note and is an outstanding member style bakeries offer special Slavic breads and three years ago from a pleasant suburban of the community of Stratford, N.J. His cakes at holiday times. home in Carnegie. contributions to mankind will long be Much of the social life still revolves around "My friends all thought I'd lost my mind," remembered. Mr. GraefI's poem follows: the area's nationality churches--among she says, "because this place was in such them, St. Mary's Russian Orthodox, St. Jos• awful shape." THE ARGONNE aphat's and St. Adalbert's (Polish), St. Pe­ Mrs. Pence bought a three-story building God created a forest sublime, ter's (German), St. Matthew's (Slovak), St. and apartment house at 1813 E. Carson as Of stately trees twixt spruce and pine; John the Baptist Ukranian Church and the an investment, and a smaller house in the Their needles fill a quiet glen, oldest church in the area., St. Michael's, rear for herself. On a rock-strewn slope hid the "Black founded in 1848 by German immigrants. "I liked the old, undeveloped feeling of Bear" den. South Siders also group in clubs for drink· the South Side, and I toured all kinds of city Soft streaks of sunlight beam, ing and socializing, among them Serbian, neighborhoods before I made up my mind. And sparkle on a mountain stre,am; Slovak and Ukrainian. The Polish Falcons This place was so rundown, that a friend The top most limbs to the blue skies tower, even offer a small museum about Polish his· told me he'd do me a big favor and burn it And gently shade the woodland flower. tory in their building at 97 S. 18th St. down-but I'm lucky he didn't. I just love South Siders call the level two-mile stretch the convenience of living here. Besides, it's When his wondrous work was done, along the Monongahela. River the "flats" and a well-built place. You should see the cellar Man called it "The Argonne"; its narrow streets a.re lined With Pittsburgh's and joists in this place-just fantastic." This place on Earth so picturesque, greatest concentration of preserved 19th­ Mrs. Pence sold her car, and now enjoys Now a blackened skeleton so grotesque. century houses and churches. shopping at nearby markets on foot. She The area was settled by workers from the Where once was heard the whip-poor-will, thinks city living will be on the upsWing British Isles and Germany, who came during again, and feels South Side might become Now rings With cries of man's urge to kill; the last century to work in the mills and fac­ From the "Lost Battalion" a pigeon flew, even a fashionable place to live. A sniper's shot it's feathers askew. tories along the river. Making the South Side "fashionable"­ They built the sturdy brick row houses keeping its architectural beauty intact while The crystal stream where one's thirst could along Sarah, Jane and the other streets and moving the business district and housing quench, ways on the South Side, and in the style into swinging contemporary times-is a Runs red with blood stink and stench; of the period, trimmed the structures with major concern to South Side leaders. The fragrant smell of wooded air, carved window frames, door lintels, brackets Now polluted with burning flesh and hair. and other fanciful details. The area was fortunate when the second Charred boughs smouldering in the moss wave of immigrants took over. After the beneath, original settlers became a little more afiluent GERALD M. "JAY" CHERRY Lies a Captain's sword still in it's sheath; and moved to the suburbs, the houses were From a thicket bolts a frightened stag, bought by Slavs. These people brought with And bounds o'er a blazing flag. them ha.bits of thrift and cleanliness, and HON. PATSY T. MINK In the shattering crash of shot and shell, thanks to these virtues, the South Side has OF HAWAII Brave men endured the fires of "Hell"; remained safe from the wrecking ball. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mid the thunderous roar of "Big Bertha's" The village was founded in 1811 by Dr. din, and Mrs. Nathaniel Bedford, and called Bir· Friday, December 13, 1974 A soldier prays from his soul within. mingham after Bedford's English home town. Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, the untimely It became South Side after annexation to the Both friend and foe lie side by side, passing of Jay Cherry at the end of city in 1873. October this year comes as a great loss To be free men in battle died; The land originally had been deeded to And far up in the darkened sky, Jane Bedford's father, John Ormsby, for to the many people here on the Hill and One could hear the Buzzards' cry. Revolutionary War service. in the executive branch who had the op­ Were their deaths to be in vain? The original plan included Carson Street-­ portunity and good fortune to work with Or were men to march to war again? named for a Philadelphia sea captain friend him and make his acquaintance. · There are some still here but most are gone, of the Bedfords-and at one time, the street Jay Cherry had served with the Fed­ Who still remember "The Argonne." was the major road linking Pittsburgh with eral Education Impact Aid program 39950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 from 1952, when he .came to Washington be transported to heaven, this little group Physican, and Mrs. Thomas E. Dunn, School from Nebraska, and had been its Direc­ of believers got rid of all their worldly goodS Nurse, described health conditions among tor since 1968. His program helps school and dressed in their Sunday b est to await school children and the special need for milk the crack of doom. The prediction of the in the diet of children. The Directors imme­ districts compensate for the presence of Rowenites never came to be, and, in a. day diately voted to donate free milk to the needy tax-exempt Federal lands and the bur­ or so, it was no longer news for the press. children in any two schools selected by Dr. den of providing free public education to There was, however, an event that took Murphy. It was not long after this meeting 2.5 million children of military and civil­ place in Taunton in February that, while it that Kiwanis was distributing more than ian Federal employees. It also, among may not have been of national import, it 50,000 bottles of milk annually. The milk many other things, restores or replaces was the beginning of an organization that project is perhaps the best-known service of school facilities destroyed or damaged in would exert a lasting influence on the com­ Kiwanis to the underprivileged. child, and it munity. The story of this event appeared on certainly was a great help durlng the depres­ natural disasters. As anyone who knows the last page of the Taunton Daily Gazette sion years. For example, in 1932 the treasurer the legislation can testify, there are few on February 5, 1925. It stated that "the Taun­ of Kiwanis paid out $1,313.76 for milk given aid-to-education programs of greater ton Kiwanis Club started with a bang! when free to the needy children. administrative complexity than this one in the presence of two hundred visiting A great deal of the work done by Kiwanis is Jay administered. Kiwanians, Rotarians, and Lions and other a result of the activities of committees. From His mastery of the program and his invited guests it received its charter and be­ time to time membership on these commit­ energies in carrying it out were extraor­ came a. part of an international organiza­ tees change, and sometimes the name and tion." function of the committee itself changed; dinary. But what was perhaps even more Plans for the new club started during the but one Kiwanian ideal that does not change memorable to those of us who knew him year 1925, when a group of civic-minded men is the interest it has in our youth. From the were his absolutely unflagging good na­ met in the office of John W. Robertson on very beginning of Kiwanis in Taunton the ture, balance, and good sense under School Street to start a service club. About needs of youth have been recognized, and pressure. He was the kind of administra­ a. dozen men worked hard to organize what something has been done about it by the tor for whom the taxpayers could well was to become the Kiwanis Club of Taunton. Taunton club. be thankful, and a first-rate human be­ The first luncheon meetings were in the The first object of Kiwanis as stated in the old Taunton Inn on the northerly side of the constitution that was adopted here. in Taun­ ing as well, Self-effacing. Highly effec­ Green. A nominating committee prepared a ton fifty years ago gave primacy to the human tive. A gentleman whose passing brings slate of officers, and the necessary steps were and spiritual values of life. It still is the sorrow to us all. We join together in ex­ taken to form a permanent organization. first objective, and Taunton Kiwanis will tending our heartfelt sympathy to his Then, on February 4, 1925, Charter night was continue to build on that sound foundation. wife, Fern; their son, Gerald L.; and two observed in Odd Fellows Hall on Court Street, Taunton Kiwanians have accomplished granddaughters, Diana Elizabeth and and the Taunton Kiwanis Club became a much during the past fifty years. The club Alexandra Caroline, part of Kiwanis International. Taunton was has been the source of many good works that the 50th club to be formed in the United have benefited the entire community. There States. remains, however, much more to be done and Let us look at the record to find out what many challenges to be met. Be assured that the Kiwanis Club had done during their first Kiwanis will do what is needed in the spirit KIWANIS CLUB OF TAUNTON quarter of a century to live up to its motto, of good fellowship. We are confident that the CELEBRATES 50 YEARS "We Build." next fifty years will see the building of a. big­ The Milk Fund was started in 1927. ger and better community as a result of the Concerts by the High School Band and efforts of this dedicated service club-Taun­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER Girls Glee Club and Grammar School Chorus ton Kiwanis. brought attention to what the young people ROSTER OF 1974 MEMBERSHIP OF MASSACHUSETTS were accomplishing in the field of music. William L. Williams, Jr., President. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES An annual award to the winner of the Frank W. Carroll, First Vice-President. Grammar School Baseball League stimulated Friday, December 13, 1974 David E. Latham, Second Vice-President. sports competition. Lincoln Davison, Treasurer. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. Bus loads of children were sent to summer Lawrence E. Ross, Secretary. Speaker, the members of the Kiwanis camp. David E. Latham, Assistant Secretary. Club of Taunton, Mass., gathered to­ Scholarships were awarded high school Robert L. Cammarata., Immediate Past gether in Swansea to celebrate their graduates to help them further their edu­ President. cation. Rev. Samuel J. Riggs, Chaplain. 50th anniversary on December 8. Money was furnished to support 4-H Club For 50 years the outstanding mem­ projects. Directors bers of the Kiwanis Club of Taunton Kiddies Day honored the young children Paul M. Berry, William J. Brelsford, Robert have dedicated themselves to service of the city. E. Costello, Edwin F. Devine, Jr., William R . projects for the entire community. Their Funds were raised for underprivileged Drummond, Donald T. Lachapelle, Edward T. children. Mccaffery, Fred M. Whitehouse, and Charles continuous endeavors to improve com­ J. Williams. munity life through the spirit of good A Tag Day for the Infantile Paralysis Fund. fellowship deserves national recognition. Joint activities with the community in Members civic projects. Theodore Aleixo, Bertram J. Antine, Ed­ I am submitting to the RECORD some This included an aviation sign on top of ward J. Almeida, Jr., Normand L. Belanger, segments of the history of the Taunton the freight depot. Dr. William H. Bennett, Paul M. Berry, Dr. Kiwanis and a list of the 1974 member­ This list is not complete, but it does in­ Fred R. Blumenthal, William J. Brelsford, ship roster: dicate some of the good work done by the Michael J. Brennan, Robert L. Cammarata, A BRIEF HISTORY OF TAUNTON KIWANIS CLUB, men of Kiwanis. Frank W. Carroll, L. Robert Clift, Manuel 1925- 74 As stated above, the club motto is "We Costa, Robert E. Costello, Henry G. Crapo, Early in February, 1925, the readers of the Build", and with that in mind the directors David Dahlroos, Richard W. Davidson, Lin­ Taunton Daily Gazette were interested in over the years have spent many hours de­ coln Davison, John H. DeSilvia, Edwin F. De­ the headlines that cried for their attention. vising ways and means of raising money to vine, Jr., T . Howard Donahue, William L. The tragedy of Floyd Collins who was en­ support the many activities of the club. The Donle, Joseph W. Dooley, Manuel J. Drum­ tombed in a. sand cave in the bleak hills of fund-raising methods include Tag Days, en­ mond, William R. Drummond, Manuel J. Kentucky was a. gripping story. Night after tertainments, sporting events, gumball dis­ Gallego, Harold H. Galllgan, John Glaze­ night the newspaper described the heroic pensers, fair booths, Christmas trees and brook, Ralph M. Handren, David E. Hoxie, efforts to reach the young man trapped sportsman shows. and David R. Hutchinson. some sixty feet below the surface until The first Tag Day was on February 19, 1934, Joseph W. Kirker, Donald T. Lachapelle, finally, after nearly three weeks of struggling when Tauntonians were given the opportu­ David E. Latham, P. Frank Leddy, Edward T. to reach his body, the same men who had nity of contributing to the Kiwanis Milk Mccaffery, John G. Nelson, Dr. William H. toiled for days shoveled back dirt and rocks Fund. A group of fifty school students, under Niedner, John F. Parker, Philip R. Perra, into the shaft they had dug and made it the direction of Miss Margaret Tufts, Dean of George M. Powers, Jr., Joseph G. Quill, Al­ the grave of Floyd Collins. Girls at Taunton High School, distributed the bert F. Richmond, Charles J. Rocheleau, During that first week in February an­ tags and collected $133.52-not a great sum Lawrence E. Ross, Charles E. Rouleau, Wil­ other front-page story told of a. band of by today's standards, but it was an auspicious fred V. Saint, Arthur J. Shaw, Alfred P. Silva, independent Seventh Day Adventists called start. In the years that followed the amounts Stephen J. Stepanaitis, Richard J. Tobin, Rowenites who assembled in Patchogue, increased markedly. Leslie A. Wheeler, Fred M. Whitehouse, Long Island, and prayed together in prepara­ The Milk Fund was the first Kiwanis activ­ Charles J. Williams, and William L. Williams. tion for the millenium that was expected to ity to serve the underprivileged child, and it Honorary members take place at midnight on February 6. To dates back to a. meeting of the Directors on Rev. Samuel J. Riggs, Warren L. Ide, make ready for the hour when they would April 4, 1927, when Dr. Frank Murphy, School Michael F. Strojny, and R . Darrell Lambert. December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39951 RULES COMMITTEE VOTES TO Ray Madden of Indiana and Democrat Rich­ merger, federal insurance of accounts and DEFER ACTION ON STUDY OF ard Bolling of Missouri. even such a. mundane question as to a The eight Democrats who voted to kill the ground floor location for our savings and RIVER bill are James Delaney of New York, B. F. loan association. Finally, a meeting of minds Sisk of California, John Young of Texas, was accomplished. At this point, the asso­ Claude Pepper of Florida, Spark Matsunaga ciation qualified for insurance and the prop­ HON. WILMER MIZELL of Hawaii, Morgan Murphy of I111nois, Gillis erty owners building and loan and the Mid­ OF NORTH CAROLINA Long of Louisiana, and Clem Mcspadden of dlesex County building and loan merged un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Oklahoma. All five Republicans voted to kill. der the leadership of George H. Gordon. They are Dave Martin of Nebraska, John An­ From this humble beginning of $1,200,000, Friday, December 13, 197 4 derson of Illinois, James Quillen of Tennes­ the association obtained the services of Mr. MIZELL. Mr. Speaker, on Wednes­ see, Delbert Latta ;>f Ohio, and Del Clawson George H. Towers as executive vice president of California. and over the next 14 yea.rs, the association day of this week, the House Rules Nice work, gentlemen. prospered, and opened a branch in North Committee voted to kill legislation I have Brunswick, and a. branch office in Edison proposed to study the ancient and beauti­ To Mr. Reasoner's very telling com­ Township. The performance of both offices ful New River on the North Carolina­ ments, I would add only the following: supported the directors' belief in the devel­ Virginia border, to see if it qualifies for About 3,000 God-fearing, hard-working opment of the Middlesex County area. At the permanent protection of the National people petitioned the Congress to hear this point with the acquisition of the Edi­ Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. their case and consider their plight be­ son office, the association acquired the val­ fore the swift hand of destruction could ued services of Wallace Steinberg, Bill By a vote of 13 to 2, the Rules Commit­ Foley and the men of the uniform savings tee voted to defer action on the bill, come down on their river and their and loan. despite the fact that the committee knew homes. Their plea fell on deaf ears. After opening this office in Edison, Mr. full well.their deliberate inaction spelled Is this really the people's House? If so. Towers retired to Florida and the associa­ doom for the river and for the people which people? tion engaged LeRoy R. Terry as president. who live on its banks. Shortly thereafter, the Security Building and · Failure to pass this bill will allow the Loan was acquired by First Savings and Loan. This advent produced a new office in Appalachian Power Co. to construct a Somerset. The Somerset office further re­ massive power project that will destroy FIRST SAVINGS CELEBRATES deemed the board's thinking in the expan­ the river, which has flowed free and clear 50TH ANNIVERSARY sion within their own immediate region. The for 100 million years, and flood 38,000 board has subsequently looked to new and acres of scenic and fertile farmland. greater fields as New Jersey has moved New Harry Reasoner, the very distinguished HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN Brunswick from the Hub city to the Hub and thoughtful co-anchorman of the OF NEW JERSEY state. With the advent of increased commercial ABC Evening News, had an editorial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES comment last night on the Rules Com­ activity in the Middlesex area, the board Friday, December 13, 1974 intensified its efforts in this region and mittee's decision, and I believe it is has sought new markets to deliver the know­ important that every Member of this Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, I have how of First Savings to a larger and more House pay attention to what Mr. Rea­ some good news. I attended the 50th sophisticated market. soner had to say. anniversary of the First Savings and Because of the dedication of the men who Following is the text of his com­ Loan Association located in New Bruns­ had belief in First Savings, I would ask that mentary: wick, N.J. Their deposits are 10 times you all rise for a. moment of silent prayer what they were 10 years ago. I was with for those men who have given to our as­ As we reported earlier, the House Rules sociation and who are no longer with us. Committee today voted to block action this life-long friends, and I heard Louis (pause) session on a major tax bill. Friedberg who was the dean of the 50 Thank you ladies and gentlemen for your That commitee has been busy indeed, tidy­ years tell how happy the group was. moment of remembrance and to you who will ing things up so that Congress can take its I am ~elighted to share this speech be here when we celebrate our lOOth anni­ first really long vacation in almost two with my colleagues because this organi­ versary, please remember the humble begin­ months, and an action it took yesterday may ning of our association. tell even more about its dedication to the zation bought millions of dollars worth of mortgages from our New Jersey Com­ I want to thank all of the board of direc­ public weal. tors for their wonderful cooperation while I Yesterday, it voted 13-2 to prevent the full munity Affairs Department which has was president. I also want to thank the pres­ House from considering a bill to save a river made a good showing for new housing: ident, officers and all personnel for their on the Virginia-North Carolina border. The LADIES AND GENTLEMEN AND HONORED faithful service in helping to make this cele­ bill that the House won't see would prevent GUESTS: Thinking back over the last 50 bration possible. the damming, for a private power plant, of years of my life, I have come to appreciate May God bless you, one and all.-Louxs one of the few remaining wild and clean what the building and loan business and the FRIEDBURG. rivers in the east. savings and loan business has meant to the I don't pretend to be an expert on the United States, and in particular, I think of · case, and I am sure that as in most stories, the impact upon New Brunswick, New Jer­ THE RETIREMENT FROM CONGRESS there are two sides. But both North Carolina's sey certainly in 1924, we, the Property Own­ Senators-one Democratic, one conservative ers Building and Loan, were not a major or OF H. R. GROSS Republican-were against the dam. The State even significant influence upon the economy of North Carolina is formally against the of this little community on the banks of the dam. Secretary of the Interior Morton is Raritan. HON. JOHN. J. McFALL against the dam. So the evidence in favor of Phil Brenner, Arnold Rosenthal, Sam Hod­ OF CALIFORNIA at least giving the House a look at it would deson, Harold Bruskin, Emil Klein and my­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seem to be overwhelming. self, were aware that homeownership on the Monday, December 9, 1974 And the evidence that we still have the part of our citizens was important. We be­ same old Congress, responsive to the citizens lieved that this could only be accomplished Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, it is a in public statements but to special interests through the combined efforts of the citizens privilege to join my colleagues in ex­ in the quiet of committee rooms, that evi­ of New Brunswick. dence would seem to be overwhelming, too. pressing appreciation for the gentleman Through serial plans we were able to from Iowa Hawkeye State: the people of our great State of Missis­ and a pound of beef on the grocery shelf. "I know what it is. You always appear very sippi is typical of his insight. In the past few months that spread has been stern and hold your face so stiff. But your I call this report to our attention, be­ as high as 56¢ per pound. At the present eyes give you away. You can't stop them from cause I think it is a sensible and clear­ price of beef on the hoof, many cattlemen sparkling. You hold your features so stiff to thinking analysis of our Nation's prob­ cannot even make enough money to pay for keep from smiling and showing what a good lems. I highly recommend its contents to their feed, much less the other costs they time you're having. But you can't control must recover. If the farmer doesn't start get­ your eyes." my colleagues in the House and hope ting a larger pa.rt of that spread, he ls going that we heed its message: to be out of business and the public is going When I confronted him with that, his SENATOR STENNIS' WASHINGTON REPORT to be out of beef. At the same time the house­ face opened into a huge sunflower of a NOVEMBER 27, 1974. wife is having to pay record high prices. We simply must know why! smile and he burst into a huge laugh. I DEAR FRIEND: During the latter part of Oc­ had found out his secret. And over the (2) Possible Price-fixing Conspiracies. tober and early November, I literally traveled There is a serious question in the public's years, I have discovered what a wonder­ to the four corners of Mississippi, visited in mind as to whether or not conspiracies have ful sense of humor H. R. really has. He 21 counties and talked with hundreds of Mis­ played any part in the tremendous escala­ loves to hear good stories, and he loves to sissippians. It is always both enjoyable and tion of prices of some common items in the tell them. Despite that stiff exterior, he stimulating to return home, and this visit market place. Although I don't charge, at this is one of the most congenial Members of was especially so. time, that such conspiracies do exist, I be­ the House. His wit makes debates not I return to Mississippi as often as possible lieve that an in-depth study will disclose at only challenging and informative but to keep in touch with the people at home least the probability of some anti-trust vio­ and determine first-hand face-to-face what lations. Certainly, hearings should be held as often humorous. He has made interest­ the problems are and what the people con­ to the conditions that create monopolies, ing even annoucements of the schedule sider a.s the possible solutions. whether there is evidence of conspiracy or and recesses. No matter what particular set of circum­ not. As H.R. leaves the House, the floor stances anyone metioned to me during my President Ford said in his October eco­ will be less challenging and bills less well trip they all went back to one basic topic. nomic message to Congress that he would examined. Few House colleagues would The people are deeply concerned about this seek vigorous enforcement of anti-trust laws. neglect their homework, knowing they economic upheaval that is absolutely de­ The Attorney General has supported this ap­ stroying the ability to plan ahead and the proach and I urge prompt prosecution of any would have to face the gentleman's sharp high cost of living which is beyond all reason. offenders. inquiry on the floor the next day. The economy is slowing down. Jobs are (3) Impact of Foreign Trade. With ever The taxpayers most of all will miss him. being lost. Prices are out of proportion and rising prices and continued projections of Certainly, Congress as an institution and the people are expecting the Congress and possible shortages, we must fully explore the Nation are the poorer for his depar­ the President to do something about it. I was the effects of import and tlXport policies on ture. All these years, H. R. has been the greatly encouraged to learn that the people domestic prices, commodity trading and for­ conscience of the Congress. He has earned understand that there is no magic wand that eign participation in these matters and the can be waved to cure all these evils. However, operation of corporations in many different his place in the history of this post­ this understanding is certainly no excuse countries. There is much suspicion in the World War II era as a voice for constancy for further delay. public's mind about these effects. and responsibility in a period of unprec­ I have warned about inflation and tried to ( 4) Multiple Pricing Policies. One area of ented and sometimes unsettling change. do something about it for years but I came great concern to everyone who shops at the December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39953 grocery store and other retail outlets is the former member of the California High­ highway purposes over the next several years re-pricing o! items already on the shelf. It is way Commission and currently serves on th.an was forecast in 1972. not at all uncommon for housewives to be Not only is gas usage an income factor, but able to peel as many as five or six price labels the San Francisco Bay Area Conserva­ changing allocations from highway trust off the same product. Each sticker carries a. tion and Development Commission and funds have been significant. Even before the higher price than the preceding one. the Metropolitan Transportation Com­ present jolt of gasoline constraints and stag­ Various explanations have been heard mission. The following article by him flation, the amounts of funding available for about averaging stocks on hand with new takes a very interesting look at what is freeway construction have been eroding. On shipments, but the fact remains that this is happening to our freeway system as we the federal level, interstate and urban high­ a subject of public suspicion and all the change our priorities to public transpor­ way funds now also go for transit capital out­ facts need developing. tation systems: lay; on the state level, Proposition 5, passed SUGAR PRICES MUST COME DOWN by California voters in June, allows diversion THE END OF AN ERA--SOME OF OUR FREEWAYS of up to 25 percent, again to transit capital The prices our citizens are having to pay ARE MISSING outlay. for sugar are an outrage. Although there is (By Joseph C. Houghteling) Lest antifreeway adherents be overly considerable disagreement about what ex­ There may be those who think this title a pleased by the "missing freeways," let there actly caused these tremendous incr~ases, bit overblown, something the mid-1920s New be the caution that their disappearance there is no disagreement that the consumers means more than fewer miles of concrete. are the helpless victims of circumstances be­ York Graphic might have displayed in type intended only fo·r the announcement of For the marvelous perpetual-motion money yond their control and they are entitled to machine has also been a source of funding, prompt relief. Doomsday. Actually, it's modest. Of equal validity would be "California's Missing Five and is looked to for further funding, for There is a strong and growing demand for the alternate mobility offered by public sugar worldwide which has been accelerated Billion Dollars," an eye-catcher that would gain attention even in these days of high transit. by the increased world population and the Were the income squeeze and uncertainties enlarged purchasing power of the peoples of crimes and misdemeanors. For as beauty is truth and truth, beauty, not enough, freeway construction costs are many nations of the world. In each of the rising at an angle that would challenge an past four years, sugar consumption has out­ freeways and dollars are interchangeable. In the heyday of freeway building during the experienced alpinist. In the first three stripped production on a world wide basis. months of 1974, the construction dollar's In this regard, I have urged the U.S. At­ 25 years after World War II, having dollars was having freeways. Indeed, for ardent ad­ value eroded 32 cents. Over an even longer torney General to fully investigate the pos­ span, assuming a larger view of the past tells sibility of anti-trust violations and he has mirers of the Santa Monica and the Embar­ cadero, the Long Beach and the Nimitz, there more of the future, the California construc­ announced that such an investigation is tion index ls one of the growth shocks of our underway. I sincerely hope that the Depart­ was even the beauty-truth relationship; the beauty of freeways was the truth that they time. When I left the Highway Commission ment of Justice will leave no stone unturned on January 1, 1967, the index was at 100; in this matter. facilitated the growth that made California first among the then 48 states. ~even and a half years later, on May 31, 1974, This year there have been crop failures in it was at 219. many areas. There has been speculation that In the mid-1960s, when I was on the Cal­ unlawful manipulation of the previously ifornia Highway Commission, it was believed What this had already done to freeway unregulated commodities market played a with justification that there was a perpetual­ planning and construction can more than significant role. This commodity exchange motion money machine in the back room. be imagined. Early in 1973, it was estimated was brought under regulation by a bill This marvelous mechanism cranked out gas­ that $7.8 billion would be available for con­ signed into law on October 23, 1974. Al­ tax revenues that constructed freeways that struction of projects in the state highway though inflation has played a major role, it promoted higher consumption of gasoline program over the eight years beginning seems that some of the sugar companies are that generated more gas-tax revenues to con­ July 1, 1975. reaping profits far beyond what is consid­ struct more freeways ad infinitum. Platoons Then last May, a new forecast, revised in ered fair and reasonable. of surveyors were dotting California's land­ the light of intervening events, showed only The Council on Wage and Price Stability scape with straight-lined markers, presaging $3.9 billion would be available for the same has started hearings into the sugar situation the construction to follow. period. As if this reduced amount were not and a House Agriculture Subcommittee has During that time, the public issues, dis­ bad enough news for the Highway Commis­ hearings scheduled for next week. I urge putes, hearings and delegation presentations sion to bear, the added second factor of in­ both groups to make their reports as soon as to the Highway Commission concerned free­ flation lowered the estimate to only $2.7 bil­ possible so that necessary actions may be way-route adoptions. In 1965 alone, 158 miles lion worth of actual construction during the enacted. of new freeway alignments appeared on Cali­ eight years. In the long run the only solution to the fornia's map. Once the routes were adopted, By most measures, $2.7 billion is a consid­ rising cost of sugar will be to increase both attention turned to the highway budget that erable sum, unless it was once expected to be production and refining capacity in the inevitably would transform the line on the $7.8 billion. The $5-billion difference is what United States. Normally we produce 55 per­ map into concrete, asphalt, and opening-day made the freeways disappear; missing money cent of the sugar we use. This year we will ceremonies. means missing freeways. import over half of the sugar necessary to Communities petitioned and received the Unlike the ancient emperor who decap­ meet our demands. The booming worldwide blessings of prompt adoption of freeway itated the bearer of bad tidings, the Highway demand for sugar has pushed the world price routes, regardless of the fiscal fact that con­ Commission has confined itself to lopping off up and we are having to pay the additional struction was a task reserved for the next adopted freeway routes. Since unpleasant amount on imports. generation. But the early positioning of chores are best performed under the mantle I am sure that domestic producers will routes allowed local development planning to of an agreeable name, the process is called recognize the need to increase production proceed, using freeway and interchange loca­ "recycling," a term used more happily in the and respond accordingly. Likewise, I am not tions as base lines; the promise of future environmentalist jargon. convinced that the present confusion over freeways became the reality for immediate One of the significant recycllngs does have the high price of sugar will continue much decisions. Subdivisions, industrial plants and a cheerful environmental tone. Lake Tahoe's longer. However, I am convinced that there shopping centers came into being long be­ westside freeway, Route 89, has been through are too many unknowns remaining about fore the freeway; to doubt its ultimate con­ the process-the adopted line has been re­ the current situation, including the role of struction was to question tomorrow's sun­ scinded and the acquired rights-of-way of­ the speculators in the commodity market. rise. fered for sale. For many, this action re;::alls Some of them may be in for a rude awaken­ Well, the sun continues to rise, but the the long, heated arguments of the early ing when all the facts are developed. I will m arvelous perpetual-motion money machine 1960s over the route's missing link in the certainly continue my efforts to secure a full is gone, taking with it, perhaps permanently, unique Emerald Bay area. With Route 89 and complete investigation. many if not most of the freeways of the fu­ freeway adoptions to both the north and Since::cely your friend, ture. Who took the machine? Certainly the south of the D. L. Bliss and Emerald Bay JOHN C. STENNIS, Arabs or stagflation, or both, depending on state parks, the debate centered on the lower U.S. Senator. which economist you believe, a,re major bridge route versus the upper hillside loca­ dismantlers. tion, with a tunnel sometimes thrown in as Gas taxes for highway purposes are based a diversion. SOME OF OUR FREEWAYS ARE on gallonage, not price-seven cents per gal­ Few thought then the Route 89 freeway MISSING lon for the state, four cents for the "feds." m ight never be built. A highway engineer Thus as gasoline consumption has been less­ predicted at a 1961 Tahoe hearing that it ened by shortages and higher costs, the end­ would be constructed sometime after the HON. DON EDWARDS less sequence of new freeways resulting in next five years; that wasn't a definite time, new highway · revenues has been broken on OF CALIFORNIA of course, but it was far from saying "never." the income side. Eligible for the recycling process, like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Even with admittedly "many large un­ Route 89, is any freeway-route adoption for Friday, December 13, 1974 knowns in the future," a presentation given which it is unlikely construction funds will the Highway Commission in August esti­ be found in the next two decades. As of Au­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. mated 26 percent (about $350 mlllion) less gust this year, the commission was consider­ Speaker. Joseph C. Houghteling is a in total resources annually available for all ing 20 present fref:way-route adoptions for 39954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 recycling, the "bottomline" of the process ways in the area. Once Route 85 lost its substantial Federal funds. What we get, being disadoption. These represent 177 miles place, however, the present funding bind is a major new military base 100 miles of freeway, mostly rural, which if con­ had a maximum impact; by 19·74, all portions structed would cost $770 million at current were left out of the Planning Program except from Guam on the Island of Tinian. The projections. for two miles "sometimes after 1982-83." remainder of Micronesia, the Caroline In addition, there are 70 more unfinanced Looking beyond the eight-year plan, the and Marshall Islands, with their 85,000 freeway-route alignments in the present 20- less definite 20-year Highway Program Guide some residents, will be offered a less year Highway Program Guide. These are in suggests Route 85, once to be an eight-lane binding tie with America, more money, limbo, still shown as adopted lines on the freeway, should be "rescoped" downward. and within 15 years, independence after planning maps, but lacking any foreseeable There might be a five-mile, four- to six-lane they have signed a mutual security pact funding. As with most future freeways in freeway at the south end, connecting Route urban areas, their fate is tied to transporta­ 101 with the still-to-be-built Route 87, the with the United States. tion planning in the various regions of Cali­ Guadalupe Freeway. The rest of the 14 miles Since the Spanish first came to our fornia, where regional plans are to become might become just a four-lane expressway, a part of the world 400 years ago, Guam part ot the State Transportation Plan di­ roadway design considerably more limited in and its sister islands in Micronesia have rected by Assembled Bill 69 of 1972. size and capacity than a freeway. been. tossed and turned in the political A note in passing-"disadoption" by the The source of funding for even this "re­ winds, never knowing under whose flag commission is different from legislative ac­ scoped" Route 85 isn't resolved. For its part, we would land. First came Spain, then tion removing a route from California's Free­ Santa Clara County proposes to use some of Germany, then Britain, America and way and Expressway System, although the its federal aid urban-road funds for the next end reality is quite similar. three years to "protect the corridor" against then Japan, not necessarily in that Responding mostly to local concerns, and private building within the aligment. Such order. usually with considerable local publicity, local action will most likely keep Route 85 For the most part, Guam has been legislative bills have removed various routes from being recycled, at least long enough exceedingly fortunate as we have been from the F&E category. Route 1 along the for alternate plans to be· considered. Since under American rule since 1898. But for Los Angeles coast was once to be a freeway; the county's development presupposed con­ the most part of Micronesia the picture it's now in the more humble highway sys­ struction of the freeway, a need for mobility has not been so peaceful. After World tem in most areas. Two proposed freeways, still exists along the line. To meet it, there the causes of San Francisco's "granddaddy" is the concept that an expressway plus a War I, Japan moved in only to be kicked freeway revolt of the mid-sixties, are gone transit mode will perform what once was to out by 1945. Since that time, we have ad­ from the higher status, the sub ends of the be the function of the noblest expression of ministered Micronesia under a UN city's Embarcadero and Central freeways be­ the highway engineer's art, an eight-lane Friendship agreement. But they also ing monuments to this change. freeway. need funds to develop and for the most Some indication of earlier legislative am­ What happened to Tahoe's westside free­ part that money came from the United bitions is that there are 12,333 miles author­ way and what is happening along Santa States. ized in the California F&E system. As of Clara County's Route 85 are not exceptional; 1974, only 4,394 miles, a little more than a ask not for which freeway the commission In my previous comments on this sub­ third, have been constructed or are in fu­ recycles-it may be for yours, anywhere in ject, I have supported the efforts of my ture budgets. California. fellow Micronesians to improve their Returning to what the Highway Commis­ status. It is time that this country acted sion is now doing, it's useful to know the to resolve this last remaining question of biography of one unconstructed freeway sovereignty left over from World War II. route. Unlike the attention given when the MICRONESIA AND THE DOD: A I also support adequate funding by Con­ legislature removes a route from the freeway COSTLY LIAISON? gress to permit these people to improve system, there seems less general awareness of the consequences of the financial squeeze their condition and, for the people of the on construction funds, even though it's all HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT Northern Marianas, most of them whom on the public record. Neither recycled nor are ethnically and culturally related to financed in the foreseeable future is a ma­ OF GUAM the people of Guam, I welcome their ef­ jor section of Santa Clara County's Route IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forts to acquire U.S. citizenship as we did 85. Part of the route is a real-life freeway, Friday, December 13, 1974 in 1950. connecting Bayshore, Route 101, with Juni­ Messrs. McHenry and Downs, however, pero Serra, Interstate 280, and going a little Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, in the farther before spilling traffic onto a city November 27, 1974, issue of the pres­ question the propriety of this country ex­ street. tigious publication, the New York Times, pending huge sums at this time k build The 19-mile unfinished portion, known a most thought-provoking article on U.S. another military base so close to the locally as "The West Valley Freeway," passes intentions in Micronesia written by two major facilities on Guam. After Guam's through Cupertino, Saratoga, Los Gatos and gentlemen, Donald F. McHenry and Er­ tragic lesson in World War II, when we San Jose before rejoining Route 101 south nest C. Downs from the Carnegie En­ were invaded and conquered, I will al­ of San Jose. The alignment was adopted by dowment for International Peace, ways support a sound defense posture for the Highway Commission in 1956 with little this country but, can we truly afford and controversy; most of the mileage went pointed out that few Americans are through open land, the enormous growth of aware that this country is about to make justify at this critical time, the expendi­ Santa Clara County just then beginning. its first territorial acquisition in the Pa­ ture of an estimated $300 millions for yet The freeway was conceived as a westerly cific since 1898. Nor, are we aware, for another military base when we are cut­ bypass of San Jose, giving mobility between the most part, that a direct consequence ting back on our funding of vital pro­ largely residential areas and employment of this acquisition may place America on grams here at home? centers to the north and south. Few of the the hook for as much as $2 billion. Closely coupled with the question of homes and plants existed in 1956; the adop­ expenditures is the methodology used in tion of the route, though, stimulated their The principle thrust of their well­ construction as part of the golden future written piece is to question whether Con­ acquiring the Northern Marianas. As I envisioned for the "Valley of Heart's De­ gress really understands what is trans­ have previously mentioned, Guam is a light," even matching Los Angeles! piring 9,000 miles from its hallowed halls. part of the Mariana Islands. When we Once the line was there, the story of Route The administration is deeply commit­ were acquired by the United States, 85 turns to funding, and it's an Horatio Alger ted toward the establishment of a multi­ Guam was, unfortunately, forcefully tale in reverse. In the eight-year projected billion-dollar military installation in the separated from its sister islands and to Planning Program the Highway Commission Marianas. In exchange for these bases this day the United States has made no adopts annually as a construction schedule, effort at all to reunite us after 76 years. Route 85 first made a cameo appearance in we have pledged to bring the estimated 1965, listed for construction "after 1970- 15,000 residents of the Northern Mariana Even during the most recent round of 71." Islands permanently into the American discussions between United States and In 1967, there was some firming: one mile political embrace. Our interest is not so Saipan representatives, the matter of was scheduled for 1971-72; two miles for much one of a sociological or moral con­ making the Marianas one family again 1974- 75; the balance "after 1974-75." In 1970, cern: Rather, it is the desire to expand was never broached. backward went the financing: two miles were our strategic base of operations and thus Obviously, there is no way to be cer­ to be built in 1974-75; 16 miles "after 1978- prevents these islands from falling un­ tain that unification would work out to 79;" and foretelling an ominous future, one mile was left out completely. der the influence of nations less friendly everyone's mutual benefit. But, if the These changes were largely influenced by toward us. Federal Government will not assume re­ higher priorities given to other projects, es­ What the residents of these islands sponsibility for such action, then I shall pecially completion of the interstate free- will gain is U.S. citizenship and access to be certain to bring it to the attention of December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39955 my colleagues in Congress when and if By far the major issue is the unexamined facing the Mexican system of "justice" Commonwealth status for the Northern premise underlying United States policy tha.t without the assistance or cooperation of Micronesia is essential to United States se­ Marianas is considered. curity interests. This premise is advanced as their own Government's Embassy tell the What we illtend to do in Micronesia justification for new long-term economic. story better than I can. These are nor­ and how much we intend to spend in the political and miUtary commitments. But even mal, average American families. We are process is a matter of great interest for if the area ls essential, does it follow that not dealing with the Mafia, we are not all taxpayers. I therefore urge my collea­ America needs to construct, particularly in a dealing with an organized drug ring. We gues to give this crucial issue increasi~g time of econom.lc stringency, a majOT multi­ are dealing with families like our own. attention in the months to come. In this million-dollar military base? If so, why did I would also like to take this opportu­ context, I also urge that Messrs. Mc­ the House Appropriations Committee express nity to thank the Los Angeles Times. doubt that construction could be justified Henry and Downs' article entitled "Forc­ given the present United States defense pos­ Their series is courageous, well docu­ ing Congress Hand on Micronesia" be ture in Asia? mented, and timely. The Times assigned read and I insert it in the RECORD at this Finally, Congress needs to consider the four of their best reporters to this in­ time. stakes for the Micronesians, whose location vestigation and their combined, coordi­ MICRONESIA AND DOD: A COSTLY LIAISON seems to be the only commodity on which nated effort may well be the first step in (By Donald F. McHenry and Ernest C. they can rely to :finance plans for economic insuring justice for the hundreds of Downs) development. The proposed agreements may Americans involved. Jack Nelson, Paul best reconcile conflicting Micronesia and Houston. Stanley Meisler, and Frank Del WASHINGTON .-Sometimes a little problem American interests. But Congress ought to raises a large issue. This is the case with insure that that is so and that Micronesia's Oltno may not become household words current Administration requests to increase trustee has not made its own interests over­ for their efforts, but I am sure there are, authorized spending in Micronesia from $60 riding. in fact, many households where these million to $75 million in 1975 and $80 mil­ A resolution of Micronesia's future polit­ men and their work is most appreci­ lion in 1976. These requests amount to a ical status is long overdue. Continued United ated-those homes where this tragic back-door attempt to force Congress's hand States trusteeship is an anachronism and ahead of time on the larger, sensitive issue story carries a most personal message : would be so even if the United States record [From the Los Angeles Times] of the United States' formal relationship to of trusteeship had not been dismal. It may Micronesia, the western Pacific island group be that detailed Congressional examination MEXICAN DRUG BUSTS: THE FAMU.IES the United States has administered as a would result in approval of the tentative ALSO PAY United Nations trust since 1947. agreements. But the Administration's ap­ (By Frank Del Olmo) Few people are aware that after five years proach avoids such an examination. If t.lle For Mrs. Jane Smith of Granada Hills, the of negotiations the United States is close to Micronesia bills are passed without debate, its first territorial acquisition since 1900. The nightm.are began on an otherwise routine Congress will find it.self in the embarrassing Friday morning last February with a tersely result will be new long-term :financial. and position of being asked to approve agree­ defense commitments and the establishment worded telegram to her home. ments whose implementation it has already It stated that her son Jim-whom she of a major new military base. Such major approved. steps should involve public debate, but the thought was on a skiing trip-had been ar­ Administration's strategy seeks to avoid con­ rested in Mexico City two days earlier "for troversy by asking Congress to approve the numerous charges involving narcatlcs viola­ major implementing provisions of the nego­ tions." tiated agreement before Congress considers JUSTICE IN MEXICO-V It directed Mrs. Sm.Ith (not the real name) the agreement itself. to contact two atto·rneys, Jorge Aviles of Mex­ The sums requested, small now, wlll lead ico City and Daniel Davis of Los Angeles, foc to major United States investments of as HON. FORTNEY ff. (PETE) ST ARK more information. She telephoned Davis much as $2 billion. OF CALIFORNIA and a meeting was arranged for the next evening in Davis' downtown office. Under the final agreements, the people of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the new Mariana Islands commonwealth "From Friday to Saturday you can imagine would become United States citizens, and Friday, December 13, 1974 how the tension built," her husband recalled in an interview. Tinian, the ~ond largest island in the Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, since Mon­ group, would be the site of the base. On "We went to one of those tall buildings these points the current budget requests at­ day, December 9, the Los Angeles Times downtown where Davis had this big, impres­ tempt to anticipate future Congressional ap­ has been running a series of stories on sive office," he said. proval by calling for $1.5 million to aid in what is happening to Americans arrested "Aviles was there," Sm.Ith said. "He said the transltion of the Marianas to a new and incarcerated in Mexico. The articles they wanted us to come up with $3,00C>--just United States-owned territory with common­ have been horrifying. The conduct of the like that, cold turkey." wealth status. U.S. Embassy personnel in Mexico City, Aviles, Smith recalled, "was exceptionally The rest of Micronesia, the Marshall and and of Drug Enforcement Agency officials polite and as business-like as any lawyer Caroline chains, are to gain "qualified sover­ could be, but what he told us scared the liv­ eignty" allowing them to control internal in Washington and Mexico has been ing daylights out of us." atiairs but delegating to the United States despicable and inexcusable. In their ef­ Aviles told the Smiths their son had been complete control of defense and virtually forts to combat trafficking in narcotics arrested at the Mexico City airport with a complete control of foreign atiairs. Fifteen these Government officials have allowed small amount of cocaine in his possession years later, after signing a mutual security the rights of Americans to be ignored, and had been charged with a variety of of­ pact with the United States, the Micronesians they have failed to assist families and fenses under Mexico's stiff drug laws. could declare independence. friends in this country, they have even Now he faced a long term in Mexico's tough But for the request on the Marianas Con­ failed to warn these families of extortion prisons, unless he received immediate legal gress might be justified in not focusing on assistance. Administration plans until asked to approve rackets and dishonorable attorneys. The entire deal to free their son would the agreements. Whatever the area's future Mr. Speaker, I vigorously support in­ cost $25,000, Aviles told the Smiths. The political status, the capital-improvement ternational efforts to reduce and hope­ $3,000 he wanted immediately would serve as funds are desperately needed. The United fully one day eliminate the flow of nar­ a retainer and cover initial expenses when States has a long-overdue obligation as cotics throughout the world. As a Mem­ Aviles returned to Mexico in two days. trustee to provide basic improvements, and ber of the House Special Subcommittee A young friend of their son attended the their provision now would in no way preju­ meeting with the Smiths and he cautioned on International Narcotics Traffic I them to delay paying the attorney until he dice future status. have committed myself to this goal. It But Congress cannot provide transition could check with another lawyer. funds for the Marianas without taking a is possible that many of the Americans The Smiths left the meeting shaken, prom­ position on the major issues facing the area. arrested in Mexico were guilty of violat­ ising to contact Aviles before he left for One is whether the Marianas should be al­ ing the law. In those cases I believe they Mexico. lowed to break away from Micronesia and should be held accountable to the judicial They never contacted either attorney again, possibly encourage other separatist move­ system in either this country or Mexico. however, because "we finally decided that we ments, which already exist in the Palau and The issue here, however, is not drugs. just didn't have $25,000, so what good would Marshall Islands. The issue is the role of the U.S. Embassy the $3,000 do?" Mrs. Smith said. Approval of the Marianas transition would in assisting and insuring that Americans Jorge Aviles is one of a corps of Mexican put the United States Congress in direct con­ attorneys who have been paid thousands of flict with the territory-wide legislature, in Mexico, or any other foreign country, dollars by anguished relatives and friends of which has opposed United States negotia­ receive justice. American citizens imprisoned in Mexico on tions with the Marianas and likened separate Today's article from the Times may narcotics charges. negotiations to a United States policy of di­ bring this point home. The families who U.S. Embassy officials credit Aviles with vide and rule. have suffered the agony and despair of helping free one American prisoner in Mexico 39956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 in 1973, and possibly three others. The freed The official told The Times of a case in accompanied by a heavy-set Mexican cab prisoner's case was apparently the first drug­ which a DEA informant was inadvertently driver, demanded her money back. related case handled by Aviles. arrested by Mexican authorities and his par­ Mrs. Carter said he returned it-less After the Smiths decided not to deal with ents paid $13,000 to a Mexican attorney be­ $370--and warned her that "he had power­ Aviles, they were able to make contact with fore the ir,tformant was eventually freed. ful friends at the American embassy and their son and began to experience a common One well-to-do Los Angeles woman who that my son would suffer greatly.'' form of extortion faced by many families went to Mexico with personal references to Mrs. Carter has returned to Mexico pe­ with relatives in Mexican prisons. prominent corporate and criminal attorneys riodically since that first visit. It was dur­ One of their son's first requests from was told by many of them that "it would ing a visit in June that she decided "some­ Mexico City's Lecumberri Prison was for $1,- hurt their reputations" to become involved one had to start some communication among 500 which he had to pay in order to keep in her daughter's case. the families of the kids down there." from being beaten by fellow inmates and to Like many of these families, the Oakland "Nobody was helping us," she said. "I avoid being assigned to harsh, unpleasant woman-let us call her Mrs. Jones-first thought maybe we could at least help each work details. learned of her son's arrest not from the U.S. other." The Smiths sent the money. They have sent embassy, but through a collect call from at­ On that visit she began to compile a list $100 every month since then so their son torney Aviles, the same man who contacted of names and addresses of the families of the can pay for his room and board in jail. the Smith family in Los Angeles. American prisoners and began corresponding Both the payment of extortion fees and According to the Joneses, Aviles told them with many of them. monthly "rent" are common practices in their son would go to prison for 60 years As a result, when Stark's staff made con­ Mexican prisons. However, they are new to without his services and asked for money. tact with Mrs. Carter, her unofficial orga­ the 528 U.S. citizens imprisoned there, and Aviles was turned down initially but over the nization of families proved to be the key ele­ also more expensive for them than for Mexi­ next three days-a holiday weekend-he ment in firmly establishing the pattern of can prisoners. called three more times telling the Joneses abuse and manipulation of the families of The Smiths' story is one of about 100 such their son was facing a major court appear­ the imprisoned Americans. cases compiled by staff members of Rep. Fort­ ance without counsel. In their interviews with The Times, some ney H. Stark (D-Calif.), a member of the In one of the calls, Aviles called an Amer­ of the California families who have cooper­ House special subcommittee on international ican to the phone, identifying him as Dan ated with Stark offered a variety of vignettes narcotics traffic. Root, a consular officer at the U.S. embassy which illustrate their disillusioning expe­ Of the 100 cases in Stark's files, more than in Mexico. The American recommended r ien ces with the Mexican legal system. 50 families of prisoners claim they have ex­ Aviles to the family as a reputable lawyer. An Orange County woman on her first perienced extortion in Mexican jails or at­ (Root has since denied making any such visit with a son in Lecumberri met briefly tempted manipulation by Mexican attorneys. call.) with the mayor of the dormitory whe·re her About 40 of the cases involve California The Joneses said they finally sent $6,000 son is confined. The mayor lives in a car­ families. to Aviles and did not hear from him again. peted cell complete with a stereo set. The Times interviewed a dozen families in But this family's experience did have one The woman still has a copy of the blank Southern California and the San Francisco positive effect. The apparent involvement of check she wrote for the man in the amount Bay area about their experiences in trying to the American who identified himself as con­ of $1,500, the initial extortion fee. It was help relatives in Mexican prisons. Most of sular official Root led Mrs. Jones to write to cashed at a Mexican bank by someone who them are middle-class families with well­ her congressman about the incident. Her sloppily printed C-A-S-H in the blank space. educated children. congressman is Fortney Stark. Another Orange County woman went to While a few insist that their relatives are A staff member for Stark said that at first visit her husband in Lecumberri accom­ innocent, most will admit they were wrong­ Mrs. Jones' letter was handled as "an indi­ panied by a Mexican friend and another and certainly very stupid-to have tried to vidual case, an inquiry from a single constit­ woman with an imprisoned relative who was smuggle drugs, regardless of how small the uent. that would be answered individually." represented by attorney Aviles. The young amount involved. But in July of this year, Stark's aide read woman's friend had a brief conversation The stories these families relate are ap­ newspaper reports about a hunger strike by with Aviles and later warned her against pallingly similar. Americans held prisoner in Lecumberri dealing with him. All complain about the lack of concern Prison. Her friend said "Aviles admitted he could on the part of the U.S. Embassy, the high­ He "began to wonder if there might be a do little for the Americans in prison there. pressure techniques of Mexican attorneys pattern here, so we started looking further But if the gringos were willing to pay him to and the heavy-handed methods used by into it." try, he'd take what he could from them," ac­ Mexican criminals to extort money from the His inquiries eventually turned up the cording to the woman. imprisoned Americans. names of half a dozen families with experi­ -A West Los Angeles woman recalled how "I realize now how stupid we were," said ences similar to the Joneses. she and her husband, a doctor, sent a color an Oakland woman who lost $6,000 to one One person he contacted was Mrs. Juanita television set to a close friend who is a pris­ attorney. "But we didn't know what else to Carter of Hawthorne, whose son had been in oner. It was to be a gift to a commanding do, who to turn to or who to ask for help." prison since October, 1973, and who told officer at the prison in the hope of winning Mexican attorneys have been known to de­ Stark's aide she also had a brief unpleasant better treatment for the prisoner. mand up to $45,000 to represent U.S. citizens. encounter with Aviles. "We never heard what happened to it, or Some of the money is ostensibly for legal Mrs. Carter first learned of her son's arrest to the money we have sent," she said. "T costs, and some will be passed along to pris­ through collect telephone calls from several swear, it's like dropping it all down a fell." on authorities to pay for better living quar­ attorneys in Mexico City all "saying for me -An Orange County couple recalled a ters and conditions for the prisoners. to come to Mexico and to bring as much meeting with Aviles and Davis last February, High legal fees are often the rule in Mex­ money as possible." not unlike the meeting the attorneys had ico. Mrs. Carter told The Times she went to with the Smith family. The extortion fees demanded by prison Mexico hoping to find an attorney for her The couple said Davis contacted them firs1; kingpins range from $800 to $2,000 for the son and was surprised to be met at the air­ and said their son had been arrested in initial payment, and usually $100 to $300 port by a lawyer she never had heard of be­ Mexico and "was facing torture and 25 to a month thereafter. fore named Jorge Aviles. 40 years imprisonment and said his cousin, The families of imprisoned Americans say Aviles accompanied Mrs. Carter to Lecum­ Mr. Aviles, could help him." the U.S. embassy in Mexico has been almost berri the next day and after she visited her Davis arranged a meeting between the pris­ useless in helping them deal with the com­ son, offered to represent him. Mrs. Carter said oners' parents-we will call them Mr. and plexities and quirks of the Mexican legal he asked for $1,400 to pay her son's initial Mrs. Brown-and Aviles that weekend in a system. extortion fee. Marina del Rey hotel. There, Aviles reque"te-1 All the embassy does, some said, is provide She wrote Aviles $1,400 worth of travelers $20,000 to represent their son, with a $10,00') a list of lawyers to all prisoners. checks on the spot. retainer. He said he already had paid $2,50J That list includes a disclaimer indicating But two days later, just before leaving to get their son better treatment in pri<>o ...... that the embassy "assumes no responsibil­ Mexico, she was called in her hotel room by During the meeting, according to t h· ity for the professional ability or integrity the "mayor" of the prison dormitory where Browns, Aviles placed a telephone call to the of the persons or firms" listed. her son was kept. prison and had the Browns' son called to the It is only fair to point out that some Mexi­ (The "mayor" is an inmate appointed by phone. The young man, who apparently wa1 can attorneys have assisted U.S. prisoners in prison authorities to supervise the dormi­ familiar with Aviles' reputation among the that country, working in the best interests of tory. It is assumed the mayor pays for his American prisoners in Mexico, warned hi'> their clients. job by sharing whatever he can extort from parents against dealing with him. An official of the U.S. Drug Enforcement his fellow prisoners with the authorities.) Brown later agreed to pay Aviles only Administration, which has encouraged and The mayor said no extortion fee had been $2,500 he said he had paid out in extortion assisted the Mexican government in the paid, and according to Mrs. Carter he threat­ money. It turned out that Aviles apparently crackdown which has led to many of the ened to have her son killed if it was not pa.id had paid no money at all. The Browns said recent arrests of Americans in that country, before she left. they later had to send $500 to the mayor of agreed that American prisoners are "a foun­ Angry and fearful, Mrs. Carter went to the dormitory where their son remains con­ tain of money" for certain Mexican lawyers. Aviles' home in Mexico City's suburbs and, fined. December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 39957 The Browns' story illustrates the strange for not having had the opportunity to of John Kennedy and produced the best role played by Los Angeles attorney Daniel serve with him. account of that dreadful event published Davis in at least four cases where Aviles is mentioned by families who have contacted The remarks always entered into the in the Los Angeles area. The editorial is Rep. Stark. RECORD by Members from both sides of accurate if incomplete when it mentions The 28-year-old attorney was admitted to the aisle are abundant proof of the tre­ that "the publisher and all the brass" practice by the California Bar Assn. last year mendous respect and affection H. R. gathered in the wire room to read the He worked for a time with a prestigious local GRoss has earned in his long tenure. fast moving bulletins. It is incomplete in law firm but is no longer associated with it. Even those of us who have served only that it does not mention the first step A distant cousin of Aviles, Davis declined to briefly with this outstanding legislator taken by Mr. Allison who told the pub­ discuss in any de•tail his dealings with the have profited greatly from the associa­ lisher and the brass in no uncertain Mexican attorney when contacted by The Times. tion and should be better equipped to words "to get out" for there was work to Davis said he has been informed by the carry out the duties for having been ex­ be done and they were in the way. They State Bar that it is investigating his in­ posed to the example of H. R. GRoss. did, and as he did every working day of volvement with Aviles. He said he preferred We are not witnessing the poignant oc­ his 38-year career, Mr. Allison produced to tell his story to the State Bar first "since cision of the retirement of a champion at the best newspaper possible. they are my professional and ethical monl­ the height of his prowess, for H. R. GRoss Mr. Speaker, I insert the December 8, tors." is truly a champion. Since his first elec­ 1974 editorial of the Long Beach Inde­ Davis said he has nothing to hide because tion to the House in 1948, he has been a in "the problems (in dealing with Aviles) were pendent Press-Telegram this RECORD: things I could not control." champion of the best interests of the A GOOD NEWSPAPERMAN One family interviewed by The Timoo cred­ country. Until five months ago, when his doctor told ited Davis with making an apparently sin­ While he has often been on the losing him he had only a short time to live, George cere but unsuccessful effort to recover their side in his efforts, he has always had the Lewis Allison Sr. was news editor, which is money from Aviles. attention of his colleagues. Through the to say midwife, for the Press-Telegram. They said Davis expressed to them doubts use of incisive analysis, enlightening hu­ Except when he wrote an outdoor column as to Aviles' honesty a.nd personal qualms mor, and most of all, common sense, Mr. or a story about fishing on Northern Cali­ over having become involved with the Mexi­ fornia's Shasta Lake, no article in the Press­ can attorney. GRoss has always contributed more than Telegram had his name on it, but the entire Aviles himself emerges as a rather contra­ his share to debate in the House. His de­ paper bore Lew Allison's signature. He was dictory character from what little can be parture will leave a tremendous void in proud of it, but he was never wholly pleased gleaned about him in interviews with people the Congress and he will be sorely missed, by it, even after he had pushed reporters, city who have dealt with him. not only by his colleagues, but by the be­ editors, copy editors, wire services and print­ One prisoner represented by Aviles de­ leagured taxpayer he labored so long and ers in a daily chase to catch and correct every scribed him as "by all outward appearances a hard to protect. error, every hint of bias, every story that had very respectable man" with a wife and son, While my words can add little to the been superseded by some late news. There who lives in a comfortable home in a fashion­ was no day when Lew Allison was not peeved able Mexico City suburb. · tributes of the many Members who had that his newspaper had not been perfect. "He really believes most Americans arrested known H.R. personally far longer that I, "You'd come to him with a story that spar­ down there a.re working for the Mafia and he there is one observation which perhaps kled," a reporter mused the other day. "All has a right to get his share of the action," can be made best by a freshman Member: the quality of a Hemingway. Done in two the young man said of Aviles. Legends are often diminished by expos­ minutes. 'What took you so long?' Lew would Aviles has been unavailable for comment ure to their source, but personal expos­ say. In 20 years he never told me a story of · since a civil suit charging fraud was filed ure to H. R. GRoss only serves to enhance mine was good. But sometimes I knew he against him in Mexico City by the parents of the legendary quality of his service to his liked something I wrote-because he didn't an American prisoner. The U.S. embassy as­ people and his country. say anything." sisted them ln the lawsuit. Why, then, did the reporter add: "I love Aviles ls mentioned in 23 of the 100 files him"? Perhaps because Lew Allison gave ev­ compiled by Stark on U.S. citizens imprisoned eryone around the feeling they were joined ln Mexico on narcotics charges. Other Mexl­ with him in an important enterprise. He .can attorneys are also mentioned in many of GEORGE LEWIS ALLISON, SR. cared about news, about the language, about the files. people, about newspapers. He could be as pas­ How many families have dealt with attor­ sionate about whether Harry S. Truman's neys like Aviles has yet to be determined. HON. CRAIG HOSMER middle initial took a period-it was his firm Mrs. Carter said that another attorney re­ OF CALIFORNIA opinion that lt did-as he was about seeing cently planted a rumor among the American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that Richard Nixon and George McGovern prisoners that, for a fiat fee of $30,000, he can got a fair shake ln the news columns. not only win their freedom but have their Friday, December 13, 197 4 His decisions were unerring a~d swift. arrest records destroyed. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, there is, "When President Kennedy was assassinated," "I'm truly afraid there are stlll familles a colleague recalls, "the news broke right on out there that think they can buy their kids I think, no finer title than that of "pro­ deadline and the publisher and all the brass out of prison," she said. fessional," whether the profession be were ln the newsroom wondering what we brick laying, law, medicine or news­ should do. It was Lew who told them. He told papering. Today I would like to honor a them to take the adds off pages 2, 3 and 4. man, George Lewis Allison, Sr., who He planned a picture page. He laid out the TRIBUTE TO H. R. GROSS earned that title of "professional" and whole paper right there for them." imparted that professionalism to his sons In the composing room that day, Lew Al~ and to hundreds of newspapermen and lison, reading the type upside down and HON. RONALD A. SARASIN women during his 38-year newspaper backward because there was no time for OF CONNECTICUT proofs, wrote headlines and put the pages career. together, so that his paper was the first one lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Allison, who died December 6, in the Los Angeles area to have the complete Monday, December 9, ·1974 1974, of cancer in a Long Beach hospital, story in readers' hands. was until 5 months ago news editor of the He came from a newspaper family. His Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Long Beach Press-Telegram. In that job father bad published a small paper in Mesa, take this opportunity to join with my he worked fiercely and in his own way Ariz., a paper on which Lew Allison got his many colleagues in the House in paying joyously to produce each day a news­ start more than a decade after his father tribute to Congressman H. R. GRoss of paper better than the day be.fore. The had relinquished ownership. Lew's brother Iowa on the occasion of his retirement effort to improve the quality of the news­ Bob was sports editor of the Phoenix Gazette. from this body. Lew Allison transmitted his love of journal­ papers on which he worked was Mr. Alli­ ism-a word he never used-to his children, While· I have only had the privilege of son's personal tr3.demark. although none can tell you exactly how he serving with Mr. GRoss for a small part His colleagues in a moving editorial did it. of of his 26 years in the House, I consider have paid tribute to George Lewis "Lew" His oldest son, Larry, is managing editor myself indeed fortunate to have had the Allison, Sr. in words far better than of the Independent, Press-Telegram. Lew Al­ chance to know first had this outstanding mine but before asking that editorial be lison Jr. is Midwest news director-and American. His reputation will endure and former Vietnam bureau chief-for the Na­ reprinted in this RECORD, I would like tional Broadcasting Company. Jack Allison new Members of the 94th and succeeding to add to it one item not mentioned. The is a reporter for a Salt Lake City television­ Congresses will look to the mark he leaves editorial relates how Lew Allison re­ statlon. Brian Allison worked part-time as a on history, but they will be the poorer sponded tO the news of the assassination San Francisco Examiner copy editor while in 39958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 college. Mike Allison wlll be a newsman after Streets, 16th and Connecticut. A mix of faded sidewalk. The visit is to an old and skeletal his graduation from UCLA. Only Lew Alli­ amuence, incipient slum and renovation, its man, bedridden years ago by lateml sclero­ son's d•aughter Helene did not ever work as a population, much of it Spanish-speaking; is sis. Sores cap bones outlined sharply be­ journalist. She is a teacher. But then her heavily transient.-moving in, moving out, hind his skin, and almost all the nerves father was a teacher, too, as all fine editors as one building is condemned, one is reno­ of his body have decayed. His muscular are. vated. The sidewalk is clotted at intervals strength has left him, but his mind is still Lew Allison was a realistic man. When his with remnants of a lifetime's possessions. agile. doctor told him death was near, he took the .. How ya doing?" Marylyn Mason greets a He would die were he left a.lone, but a doctor's word, just as he expected reporters, drunk sprawled in the sun on the sidewalk. Mrs. D, triple his size, two-thirds his age copy ecUtors and publishers to take his word "How ya doing?" as she picks her way and no relation to him, lives with him. It when he spoke on a matter within his pro­ through teen-agers pitching pennies on the ls a. devotion few fully fathom. "He's a. three­ fessio.a.al competence. He went fishing one steps. "How ya doing?" to two large young shift job, I'll tell you," she says. "And I'm la.st time at Shasta Lake. He went to football men in leather lounging in the doorway's not getting anything from his people but games. When his strength began to fall, he shadows. They eye her askance, head to toe, heU." You should go out more, the nurse read. The last book he borrowed from a friend then smile as recognition comes. tells her, we'll see about getting you a. home was Gay Talese's The Kingdom anct the And a.gain, once inside the patient's apart­ health aide. But Mrs. D, for all her com­ Power, which is about the New York Times. ment, "How ya doing?" plaints, is resistant to the suggestion. She He hadn't finished it when death came Fri­ The six shapes there, murky in the room's gets out, she says, to the store, the laundro­ day evening. No matter. No book about news­ stale light, seem at first oblivious to her com­ mat, too. papers had anything important to tea.ch Lew ing. A woman with a withered foot rests chin "You're free," Marylyn Mason says. "Do Allison. He was what old hands in the busi­ on cane; a man leans heavily upon a crutch; what you want to." ness call "a. good. newspaperman." Being one another mechanically sharpens a knife; a "I. do do that," says Mrs. D. "I got nowhere ls a craft and an art, and Lew Allison pur­ foot taps, a spool of tobacco spittle hangs. All to go.'' Then after a bit, "You know, you hear sued his craft and a.rt With unfailing mastery. are aged, all wear overcoats though the room a lot 'bout how someone like Mr. H here ts heated well into the 80s. All stares are fixed needs nursing home kind of care.'' as if toward some transcendental point. "But if you can handle him here, like Cardboard boxes function as furniture. The you're doing ..." says Marylyn. "It's for the walls are bare but for a. "Home Beneficial two of you to decide. And if you're happy A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A VISITING Life" calendar and stains that stray down the with the decision, that's all that's import­ NURSE door panels. It looks like a room waiting to be ant." moved-no television, no radio, no telephone. There is no urgent medical need here. " 'Bout this time" someone wheezes, the Mrs. D takes care of that. But there are, HON. JOHN M. MURPHY first human sound. s9.ys Marylyn, other needs that bear watch­ OF NEW YORK And as if on cue, the patient rises to have ing. She couldn't do all that Mrs. D does, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES a skin ulcer dressed. He is recovering from a she says-it would leave her well-nigh Friday, December 13, 1974 stroke, he can't weigh more than 80 pounds dead, and Mrs. D gets no outside support. and his body is all knobs. "Well people in this "I'm the sick one today," says Mrs. D, and Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. world just don't know how blessed they are," arches her back ·as if to wrench out a pain. Speaker, today, H.R. 17085, the Nurse he says. And he inches on his cane, first to "Who's sick?" Marylyn stiffens. "Oh, it's my Training Act of 1974, will be considered fetch the nurse a chair, then to the lone bed, arthritis acting up." Marylyn changes the where he sits, hands demure on his lap. subject. The arthritis, he says later, may be by the full House of Representatives. This "Mr. J, show me the exercises you've more in the mind than limbs, but she will in legislation provides for an extension of learned," says the nurse. any case check Mrs. D's medical history. assistance programs for nurse training, "I go like this ..."Mr. J moves an uncer­ This room, like the last, is tropical in tem­ under the Public Health Service Act, and tain hand toward his face, then drops it as perature. The ceiling's plaster is cracked and I fully support this vital legislation. his face goes blank. And Marylyn Mason-as every spare space crowded; a blessing Jesus, One of the continuing concerns of this she has done scores of times before-guides two Bibles but no other books, a plastic­ Congress is how we can see that adequate the hand through the exercise it needs, up, coated portrait of John F. Kennedy, paper are down, crosswise. Briskly, she takes his blood flowers, pillows, pill bottles, a TV that is health services available to all people pressure, temperature, pulse, sterilizes equip­ rarely turned off. The patient's eyes swing who need them and yet hold down health ment, changes his dressing, checks cupboard like pendulums after the nurse's every move­ care costs. and refrigerator to make sure that the food ment. · We are seeing an increasing emphasis supply is adequate, disturbing nothing of the "What's on TV?" she asks Mrs. D. on home health services, caring for peo­ room's clutter. ("That's private," she says "I don't know, something like blackjack." ple in their homes, whenever possible, as later.) J never drops his eyes from her face. And then she drifts: "I heard that Liz Taylor an alternative to institutional care. "Did you eat anything today?" she asks. and Burton are gonna break up. Hmmm. The registered nurse is the central fig­ His speech is garbled, most would find it They found that Hearst girl yet? I believe unintelligible. "Potatoes, you say? You she's dead, brainwashed, too. Oh, sakes. Them ure in providing health services to people should eat fruit, too. You have it in a. can, that's in unemployment that's able to work in their homes. Some people probably you say?" just don't want to. You just gotta be pa­ would not be getting any health care at "Sure," he answers every question with tient." It is a. running theme of her talk. "The all if it were not for these visiting nurses. quick nods aimed to please. "You should doctor, he's busy, awful busy. You can't find A recent article in the Washington Post do your food shopping with Willie-he ea.ts them these days that makes housecalls. You takes us through a typical day in the life fruit.'' "Sure." "You go out?" "Sure." just gotta. be patient." H lets out a groaning of a visiting nurse in the District of Co­ "Much?" "Sure. Went across the street a.aahh; tears run down his cheeks. He has just yesterday." "You go out alone?" "Sure." wet his bedclothes and both women spring lumbia. It illustrates the kind of train­ (Later Marylyn would express doubt that J to change him. Then a rubdown, bath, feed­ ing and education the nurse needs for really does do all that. She knows he can't ing, turning him this way and that. this role and it also shows the dedication manage it physically, and she worries.) "I tell you, what a day, sliding :'1.is butt that is required. We need more nurses "I can move my leg, sure,'' he says and around, turning him over and over, getting like the one described here. I insert the :flaps his arms like bellows. "Thirty-five times thecoe old joints to move," says Mrs. D, cud­ complete text of the article, "The Visit­ I do it." dling's H's head in the cup of her hand. ing Nurse: Healing and Feeling Pain in "Wow. Great," Marylyn cheers him. 'That's "Mrs. D," says Mason, "That's just great. Homes Where Time Moves Slowly" in the way to go." (Later she would doubt this Wow. That's the way.'' Mrs. D. goes somber, feat as well.) studies her feet. "Why thank you dear," and the RECORD: After about an hour and a. half of this, sets a.bout fussing with H's pillow, sheets, THE VISITING NURSE: HEALING AND FEELING after J's ulcer is dressed, medical instruc­ bibs. And Marylyn, no less a whirlwind, con­ PAIN IN HOMES WHERE TIME MOVES SLOWLY tions for the next two days given and tinues her check-check-checking-food sup­ (By Emily Fisher)' recited-repeat after me, she had bid him­ ply, air, gas outlets, exercises, popping each Marylyn Mason, in navy blue nurse's uni­ just when Marylyn reaches for her black query with a. grin and plucking laughs from form unblemished by detail, hair squared bag, J discovers whole new nests of pains. the air. back by a barrette and face pinched by the There in his chin, now here in his foot, the "Mrs. D, I'm going to go now-you're doing fall chill, is part of the morning's crispness. back, too, and the arm. "Now Mr. J, I'm just great." She has a long-boned basketball player's ooming back Thursday, remember?" The "Onnnhhh," rises from the bed. "Oh, my gait, a tiny overbite and lisps. She ls 26 but pains a.re forgotten. "Yeah, that's right,'' arthritis," from MI·s. D She cuts her cry short looks like a schoolgirl in a pinafore. Only the he nods to himself. And the room, as the to catch the phone. "Yes, I'm fine ..." She black shoes, losing their heels and, split at nurse leaves, returns to a silence broken motions goodbye to the nurse. "Nothing. No, the sideseams, tell of wear. She has worn only by the clock's patient ticking. I'm just setting here in front of the TV." them dally for the two years she's been with Noon Adams-Morgan-A street of vacant · As Marylyn closes the door, Mrs.Dis hold­ :the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA). and boarded up storefronts is deserted in ing H's hand, both turned to the TV, he with 10 a.m.-A street in the center of the the midday sun, and wind scatters pop tops the grimace that is as much of a smile as he Adams-Morgan area between Harvard and R and cigarette butts like confetti a.cross the can manage. December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39959 "We (the VNA) will carry him until he tact the hospital, and that no Homemaker in the baby's rectum and the baby winces, dies," Says Marylyn. And Mrs D? No one yet aide had been assigned. She would try again.) forewarning the scream to come, M beats the can say. "What a cool lady," says Marylyn. "But baby to it: "You're hurting her.'' She 2 p.m., Chevy Chase-The lawn out front is you've got to be so careful. On the surface snatches the child. But when the nurse's as groomed as a golf green, and inside is the she's the liveliest person in the world, but hand guides hers-Marylyn tells her she accumulation of a long and comfortable life­ beneath that pride, that whatever, is some­ must-M finds that it isn't after all, that oaken furniture new with the century, delft­ one very shaky." A smile hangs thoughtful difficult. Reading the thermometer is, how­ ware and eggshell porcelain on a sideboard, on her face till R is safely up the steps. ever. It is clear, as M twirls the glass rod photographs of a bloomer clad childhood. The 3 :30 p.m.-It is the day's last visit, back like a baton, that she cannot count. And patient, at 94, has watched one sister enter to Adams-Morgan and boarded up and bro­ that 98.6 has no more meaning for her than a nursing home. Dreading that for herself, she ken windows, trash-littered streets and more the baby. stays here with her daughter, alone during liquor stores than markets. . Learning to read numbers may come, the day while the daughter writes copy for It is also to be the day's toughest: an old though, as it has for so many of Marylyn the National Geographic. incontinent woman was referred to the VNA Mason's patients. First there are other basics A small line furrows Marylyn Mason's brow. and Marylyn, on her first visit a week ago, to be mastered, the Caesarean incision to The visit was to be brief-R's orders call only discovered that her 17-year-old daughter heal, an income to be secured. For now, Mary­ for a bi-weekly injection of B-12 for macros­ was as much in need of care. She had just lyn tells her how nice she looks, how perfect tic anemia-but R stretches the time with given birth by Caesarean section; neither has the baby is, and together they chat about chatter. It is sort of self-peptalk, launched any source of income; both sleep squeezed in what clothes to buy the child. off the bat. "Somebody asked me if I told Dr. one bed in a room, Qtherwise empty except Meanwhile the evening sun lights the room K about this pain I got. Boy, you should have for a TV and a crib. in gold. The old one curls and uncurls her been here to see it. My arm swelled up so it Marylyn stops at a payphone on the street fingers, the kitten plays tug of war with the looked like the Green Giant's. And I said no, to verify medical orders with the VNA's Pub­ blinds. pshaw an old arthritic like me can't tell lic Health liaison at Freedmen's Hospital. Footnote: Marylyn has done a great deal of about all her pains. They're going on all the She phones the Adams-Morgan clinic, a com­ background legwork on this case. Concerned time." munity link with Children's Hospital, about by the family's lack of income, she has con­ She winks, and as Marylyn sticks the ther­ registering the family to receive supple­ tacted the VNA's social worker, who in turn mometer in, she screws up her eyes, clown­ mental foods, and she checks in with the called the hospital that referred the case. face, but doesn't stop the patter: "Why, I bet VNA. Marylyn learned that the daughter had ap­ I could beat the tail-off most folks my age. I The line in Marylyn's brow has deepened plied for public assistance three months ago. tell you, 20 years ago I was playing basket­ and her shoulders slump. Inside, four flights Why it never came is unclear: perhaps the ball. And I was 70 then. Hmph." She seems up to the patient's apartment, no one application was lost; more probably the not to notice the shot Marylyn administers-­ answers her ring. And the only sounds daughter did not make the post-application just pats her hair and winks. "But that's all in the minutes that pass are a cough that contacts she was supposed to, perhaps be­ water under the bridge." reverberates from below, a radio whining up cause she failed to understand instructions She ls tiny, with colorless eyes, a perky from the pavement outside, sounds of heels "The red tape involved is enormous, confus­ drawl and skin that sWings in folds when she clapping on the steps that fade, then die. ing to anyone," she says. "But what counts moves, which she does in hyper, spiky ges­ "It's Mrs. Mason, the nurse," she yells at the most is teaching the patient how to get tures. She has dressed for the visit in rust­ keyhole. The hall reeks of old urine. through it." With Marylyn's help, the toned cashmere shirtdress and matching or­ "Mrs. R?" daughter does. gandy scarf; even the hair tint matches. Finally the door opens, heat rushes out. It Her days are often like this, says Marylyn. The B-12 has been injected, but R is must be 95 inside-the oven has been left The illnesses change, as do the faces, the rambling through her past, spewing it out in on and the thermostat turned to top tem­ settings, the lives she moves into. But the disordered patches. "You know, my Annie perature; blood from a cut is running down other needs-social, emotional, psychiatric, (daughter) was such a sunny sweetheart. If the woman's leg, and a kitten is locked the hunger and the aloneness-does not. And she hadn't been here when they took Nan screaming in a closet. The woman starts to she seems to step always into places where (the sister) away ... I remember I told her fall and Marylyn grabs her, but the woman time passes somehow more slowly. to go ahead and write and darned if she fights her off. As the nurse races to turn off It is now close to 5 p.m., and Marylyn has didn't turn bent and horn-rimmed like him the stove, to release the kitten, the woman come back to the VNA offices to consult a (her husband?)." lunges for a corner and nuzzles her face into the wall. "Ye, ye, ye," she moans. social worker about her last case. Not safe, She hopscotches through time as she that old one, she says. She meets with her speaks, eyes fastened on the nurse. "Annie The daughter isn't there (she was sup­ supervisor to talk about new problems she pounds on everything she can touch, the lit­ posed to stay with the mother), the apart­ ments down the hall are all empty, and the has spotted. She picks up new cases ("admis­ tle devil. She wriggles out of her diaper before sions" they are called), studies medical his­ you can say scoot, and then, heck, it's cute, woman is disoriented. She ignores Marylyn's questions-about how she cut herself, who tories, doctors' orders, schedules visits. There she leaves a nice wet mess behind the is more paperwork, more calls: to a clinic, drapes." left the stove on, who locked up the kitten, how long has she been alone. She cradles her hospital or doctor, to Family and Children's Marylyn tries to curb the flood: "How's Services or senior centers in the city, to the the heat here?" stomach, hunches against the wall. Her speech, when it comes, is incoherent. "Don' Homemaker Health Aide Service or Public But R talks as if a dam had broken some­ know, don' know," she sings. Monosyllables Health or the Sanitation Department-and to where in her head. She talks even while trail­ spill out in monotone, then a wall rises, the social worker who in turn will call a food ing the nurse on her safety check through stamp aide program, the Welfare Department, "Lord have mercy." She slurps the water Protective Services. the house. Marylyn brings her, forgets it; the water not "Hey, you already told me that," Marylyn swallowed drips in puddles at her feet, Only Later Marylyn will go to her Spanish class butts in. For a second R looks crestfallen, her fingers move, curling and uncurling. at George Washington University-so she can "Well, I guess I've told you so many The daughter, all in skin-tight red, arms better treat her Spanish-speaking patients in things ..." Then revs up again: "But I'd say coddling a baby wrapped in a dishtowel, Adams-Morgan. Then she'll go home, where I do purty good for 94. Yes siree, 20 years ago peeks through the door. She spots the nurse her husband, 29 and a law student, will cook I was playing basketball." Marylyn moves for and edges, shy, toward the closet as if to hide and both will do the housework, perhaps do her bag, R trips suddenly over her cane, then there. She balks when Marylyn spies her, and some shopping or go to a movie. Maybe both makes herself small against the wall, a turns sullen in answer, "I fed her, I did. will study. naughty kid caught, and shame-faced. She's okay. So what if she pees on herself? Marylyn Mason doesn't know how long "Mrs. R," Marylyn grasps her. "Will you I can't sit home all day." "Yes, no, don't she'll stay with the VNA. But she will not, listen to me? You're not steady-you need know," voice dull and eyes glazed. "not on your life," she says, go back to a hos­ another person here." Stubborn, R clamps (The daughter cannot understand the pital-too many patients, too few on staff, her jaws tight, NO. Marylyn warns again, mental deterioration setting in here, says not enough time--to talk, to make contact. and again, before R begins to yield. "I won't Marylyn later, and it leaves her feeling pow­ Too often fixing, she says, not healing. fall, I promise, I won't bcause I know I got to erless, walled in.) be steady." It is when Marylyn aslrs her what she Will "I'm going to talk to your daughter," name the baby that the first smile flashes. CONGRATULATIONS TO MRS. threatens Marylyn. "Juanita." Marylyn leaps to hold the smile­ EILEEN TAYLOR "Don't," clowning again, "she'll kill me." "It's just great the way you fixed the crib" They compromise-R will use her cane. (blankets knotted between the slats so the "Take care," calls Marylyn from her car. child wouldn't fall out). "I gave her a bath, HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM "I've lived long enough," says R, and pivots too,'' says M. and holds the baby up for the quickly on the cane so that the nurse will see. nurse's inspection. At which point Marylyn OF CALIFORNIA (The clinical physician referral had indi­ becomes a talking encyclopedia of childcare IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cated that Homemaker Health Aid Service know-how-how to feed, wash, sleeping Friday, December 13, 1974 was pending for R, but when Marylyn had habits, signs of sickness. called the hospital to verify this, she found A lesson in temperature-taking causes Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I rise that the patient's family had failed to con- problems. As Mason inserts the thermometer today to express my best wishes and 39960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 heartiest congratulations to Mrs. Eileen tion, which believes it essential as a. means from Rhodesia's borders as soon. as it has Taylor on the occasion of her birthday. of ensuring U.S. access to these same raw confirmation hostilities have ended. materials once a fully representative govern­ U.S. Government sources think the cease­ A lifelong resident of San Luis Obispo ment is chosen to succeed the Smith regime. fire will pave the way for an initial settle­ in Califomia, Mrs. Taylor is a friend of The State Department believes the U.S. ment allowing black participation in the many years standing. Eileen's contribu­ will risk losing future supplies of Rhodesian Rhodesian Government, a. participation that tions to public and political life are ferrochromium, ferromanganese, asbestos will slowly increase to allow full majority numerous, including her present service and nickel if a future black government de­ rule. Once majority rule is achieved, they as vice chairman of the Central Division cides the current U.S. imports of these stra­ said, the UN sanctions will quickly be lifted. of Republican Women. She has also tegic minerals were a means of supporting The polittcal shape of the future Rho­ the Smith regime. desian Government is relatively unknown, served as vice chairman of the San Luis The Byrd Amendment, which was named although most observers think the govern­ Obispo County Republican Central Com­ after its chief sponsor, Sen. Harry Byrd, D­ ment will probably reflect the strongly na­ mittee, and was a charter member of the Va., was passed in 1971 to allow the U.S. to tionalist ideologies of its African neighbors. Santa Lucia, Calif., Republican Women. bend the United Nations economic sanctions All observers agree, however, that the Coworkers know Eileen can be counted against Rhodesia enough to import these raw country will be renamed Zimbabwe after the upon to get a job done, and to give every materials. The amendment was passed by a native African civilization that ruled this task her best. She is also extremely ac­ coalition of Republicans and conservative region before the arrival of white colonists. Democrats who deemed it preferable to im­ With the lifting of the UN sanction, U.S. tive in the Arroyo Grande, Calif., Wo­ port chrome ore from the white minority exporters will be free once again to sell goods men's Club. government than from the Soviet Union at into the Rhodesian market. Traders observe Married to Edwin Taylor, president of double the Rhodesian price. that the market will undoubtfully have the Western Growers Association, Eileen Since the Byrd Amendment was passed, changed a great deal in the 10 years of ha.s three children-John and Joan Tay­ the U.S. has imported more than $50 mil­ sanctions, since it has had to become in­ lor and Mrs. Vicky Edmondson. She lion worth of Rhodesian ores, but only a.bout creasingly self-sufficient in such goods as always finds time in her busy schedule 4 percent of the U.S. supply of imported clothing, food, and mining supplies, which chrome ls being imported from Rhodesia. were once the staple of U.S. exports to Rho­ to enjoy her five grandchildren. The Soviet Union and South Africa remain desia. I could go on at great length about the largest suppliers of U.S. chrome ore. Based on an analysis of 1965 trade statis­ Eileen's talents, and her service to her The U .N. economic sanctions against tics from the period before UDI, one trade community, her government, and her Rhodesia were imposed when Rhodesia made specialist figures the U.S. will be able to sell family. Like all of her friends, I take its Unilateral Declaration of Independence the future African country substantial great pride in knowing her, and have the (UDI) from Great Britain in 1965 and have quantities of mining machinery, agricultural remained in effect for 10 years during which equipment, motor vehicles, aircraft, power utmost respect for her accomplishments. a minority of 240,000 white settlers has ruled generating equipment. spa.re parts and office I know that my colleagues here in the a population of 5.7 million mostly black Af­ machinery. HolL'le will join me in extending happiest ricans. birthday wishes to t.lis :fine woman. The key U.S. vote on shutting off pur­ chases of the only goods it imports from Rhodesia comes at a time when the Smith ANDOVER SQUEAKS BY SALEM IN regime ls moving toward a political settle­ 21 TO 20 OVERTIME THRILLER KEY VOTE ON UNITED STATES­ ment with the country's black Afrtcan na­ RHODESIA TRADE DUE IN HOUSE tionalists and the black-ruled countries sur­ rounding it. HON. PAUL W. CRONIN But official sources both here and in Rho­ OF MASSACHUSETTS HON. EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR. desia warn against any expectation that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.N. economlic sanctions will soon be lifted. OF PENNSYLVANIA Before the ban on trade with Rhodesia can Friday, December 13, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be lifted, official sources say, Rhodesia will Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, this past Friday, December 13, 1974 have to work out a. political settlement that is acceptable to African nationalists and to Satw·day, I had the privilege of watch­ Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, events in Great Britain, which was the sponsor of the ing my hometown high school football recent days in southern Africa have only U .N. sanctions. team win the super bowl at Boston Uni­ heightened the importance attached to Most observers think the Smith regime's versity's Nickerson Field. Of all the foot­ passage of S. 1868 repealing the Byrd move toward a more moderate stance on ball games I have ever seen-be they amendment which allows importation of governing the country was forced by the ex­ high school, collegiate, or professional-I ternal realities that threaten Rhodesia's have never seen a more exciting game as Rhodesian chrome against U.N. sanc­ communica.tions lifeline. Rhodesia depends tions. Our vote on this measure, now on neighboring Mozambique and its port of this one. The performance of each and scheduled for early next week, could not Beira for much of its external trade. every one of these young men, most of come at a more opportune time at which With the Portuguese withdrawal and the them playing for the first time on the to make our position on this matter emergence of a partially black government in astroturf, was incredible. The coura­ abundantly clear. Mozambique, Mr. Smith evidently began to geous performance of quarterback Jeff The Journal of Commerce today ran an fear Rhodesia's outlet to the sea could be Winters who time after time, despite seri­ article on what is happening in Rhodesia broken. ous injuries to his arm and ankle, was and the ramifications of our vote next AGREE ON CEASEFIRE able to spark the team to make the neces­ Mr. Smith announced in a national broad­ sary gains; a key tackle by John Mc­ week. The article follows: cast Wednesday that his government and the TODAY OR MONDAY-KEY VOTE DUE IN HousE black nationalists have agreed upon a cease­ Donald in the final moments; and the ON UNITED STATES-RHODESIA TRADE fire to end the prolonged fighting on the final point after kick by Peter Reilly were (By Peter T. Leach) northern frontier. The announcement fol­ outstanding. Journal of Commerce Staff lowed his release of two African nationalist When quarterback Winters was forced leaders, who had been held in detention in by his injuries to leave the game, he was The agreement announced Wednedsay in Rhodesia since UDI 10 years ago. replaced by Mike McCormick and Bill Salisbury ending the black African nation­ The two nationalists, the Rev. Ndaban­ alists' guerilla war in Rhodesia will intensify Alexander. It was a pass from Alexander ingi Sithole, leader of the Zimbabwe African to Glenn Verrette that allowed Andover international economic pressures on the National Union (ZANU); and Joshua white minority government to reach a polit­ Nkomo, president of the Zimbabwe African to tie the game in overtime. Many of ical settlement with the country's vast black People's Union (ZAPU) were allowed to at­ these young men were responsible in key majority, according to diplomatic sources in tend talks in Lusaka in neighboring Zambia instances for the overall team effort that Washington. with other black African leaders that led to produced the victory: Mark Farnham's One of the most immediate moves to in­ the agreement on the ceasefire. touchdown with 11 seconds to go; Bill crease the economic pressure against the re­ South Africa, which has remained Rho­ Kenney's recovery of the fumble to set gime of Prime Minister Ian D. Smith is a desia's one ally throughout the years of UN up the tie; brilliant defensive plays by vote today or Monday in the U.S. House of sanctions, has been instrumental in pushing Representatives on a bill repealing the Byrd John Drivas, Russell Tassinari, Dan Bill­ the warring sides in Rhodesia into an agree­ ings, Ralph Borelli, the two Fabiani Amendment which allows the import of cer­ ment. Prime Minister John Vorster has made tain strategic raw materials from Rhodesia. two secret trips into Africa in the past two brothers-Steve, who had to leave the ALREADY PASSED BY SENATE months for talks with African leaders. game with a knee injury, and John­ The repeal bill, which has already passed Within an hour of Mr. Smith's statement Dave Tallini, Jerry Stabile, and also the Senate and the House Rules Committee, Wednesday, Mr. Vorster said South Africa many others who proved that there are is strongly supported by the Ford Administra- would withdraw its 2,000-man poli~e force still young men in America who under- December 1,/f, 19 74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39961 stand the value of winning and who com­ More tragically, birth defects cause others, high risk pregnancies are monitored bine in a team effort no matter what the more than 129,000 deaths a year accord­ and intensive care is given to critically ill newborns. These programs are administered odds to give their best. ing to a 10-year study by University of by hospital medical centers. Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert an Florida medical researchers. Birth de­ article from the Lawrence Eagle Tribune fects are implicated in more than half EDUCATION AND PUBLIC INFORMATION about this exciting game and add my the deaths of preschool children and are The education and training of professionals to provide the broad range of services re­ congratulations and, I am sure, those of responsible for the deaths of almost 40 quired is another goal. The National Foun­ the House of Representatives for this out­ percent of elementary age young people. dation/March of Dimes provides leadership standing performance. · This joint resolution is a measure of in this area with symposia to educate family The article follows: the kind of Fedtral interest and atten­ practitioners in genetics and courses for ANDOVER SQUEAKS BY SALEM IN 21 TO 20 tion which is needed so research, treat­ nurses in intensive. care of critically lll new­ OVERTIME THRILLER ment, and counseling of all those affected borns as examples. Fellowships are a.warded Andover High's Golden Warriors came by birth defects can go forward. For the to outstanding investigators and clinicians busting back from the brink of an overtime information of my colleagues and the and scholarships are made available in the defeat today to post a 21-20 Super Bowl vic­ public, I insert the highlights of my re­ health specialties. Of particular importance tory over Salem High at E.U. is the dissemination of knowledge about The Golden Warriors, who, like Salem, marks of June 28, 197 4, on sponsorship birth defects and their treatment through came into the game with a perfect 10-0 of this joint resolution be made part of the publication of original articles and re­ record, had tied it at 14-14 in the waning the House discussion of this needed prints, the distribution of audiovisual films moments of regulation play. measure: on genetics and the publication of a "Birth In the latter session Salem scored first to REMARKS OF HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON Defects Atlas and Compendium" as .a re­ lead 20-14 before Andover finally made its PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTION OF BmTH DEFECTS source tool for doctors. la.st dramatic rush to victory. Of equal importance ls the dissemination Andover High missed three golden first­ Every child should enter the world un­ of knowledge to the public and especially to half scoring opportunities and Salein High damaged by defects, events that take place the prospective mother. The National Foun­ took an 8-7 ha.If-time lead in the Eastern during pregnancy. Statistics prove that a dation/March of Dimes volunteers through­ Massachusetts Division 2 Schoolboy Super prog.ram of prevention is a necessity. out the country carry the word in person Bowl game this morning at Boston Univer­ Programs of prevention require great and through hundreds of thousands of pam­ sity's Nickerson Field. emphasis on prenatal care. The National phlets and booklets to all parts of the com­ Andover kicked off to open the game and Foundation/March of Dimes through its munity. Prospective mothers must know the took possession on the Salem 31-yard line more than 2,300 chapters covering every importance of early and regular medical when Paul Rindone recovered a Salem fum­ county in the United States, has initiated attention in pregnancy and why it is her numerous programs at the local level to see ble on the kick-off. Andover could not move best safeguard in reducing the risk o~ the ball, however, and was forced to punt. that expectant mothers receive adequate pre­ maternal complications and hazards to her Later in the first period from the nine­ natal ca.re. Working with all elements of the community, prenatal care projects have been unborn baby. yard line three Andover players gained no FOCUSING ON THE NEED yardage and Peter Reilly was wide with a established that now help bring medical 25-yard field goal attempt. services anti health education to families in In the crusade against birth defects, it is Andover finally took a 7-0 lead on a 26- an increasing number of localities. The Na­ necessary for the people of the United States yard touchdown pass from Jeff Winters to tional Foundation helped initiate nation­ to consider fully the nationwide problem and Glenn Verrette with 1.07 left in the first pe­ wide programs such as "Operation Stork," its effect on present and future generations. riod. Peter Reilly. kicked the point. "Better Infant Births," and "Stork Nests" in By authorizing the President to designate Salem took the lead midway through the conjunction with other volunteer groups. It January of 1975 as "March of Dimes Birth second period after Mark Dubile inter­ has cosponsored prenatal care clinics with Defects Prevention Month" will be the ve­ cepted a Winters pass at the Salem 15 a.nd hospitals and public health departments in hicle through which information about ed­ returned it to the Andover 36. Two plays inner city and rural areas. Beside adequate ucation, nutrition, and prevention of birth later, Salem's Chuck Razney took a pitch­ meclical care, the prenatal care programs defects ls transmitted to the public. I urge out and went 28 yards to score. The two­ stress the importance of nutrition to mothers my colleagues to support this resolution. polnt conversion pass was good from Quar­ both before and during pregnancy and to terback Bill Pinto to his brother, Steve. the newborn. Congress has also responded to these prob­ lems through the passage of the maternal ROAD TO DETENTE MUST BE BASED SUPPORT OF MARCH OF DIMES and child health services provisions of the Social Security Act. This act has resulted in ON COMMON DECENCY BIRTH DEFECTS JOINT RESOLU­ the establishment of 61 ma-ternity and infant TION projects in 34 States and 8 intensive care projects fo:t high risk infants. The National Foundation/ March of Dimes programs have HON. PHILIP M. CRANE HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON acted as referrals to these projects. OF ILLINOIS OF MISSOURI In addition, Congress has established the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special supplemental food program for Friday, December 13, 197 4. women, infants, and children-(WIC pro­ Friday, December 13, 1974 gram)-under section 17 of the Child Nu­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there has Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I trition Act of 1966. The National/March of been much legitimate criticism of the rise in support of the March of Dimes' Dimes has been working closely wth the De­ policy of detente which has been. imple­ Birth Defects joint resolution which I pairtment of Agricul~ure and the local com­ mented during the past period of Ameri- munities to implement this program and to sponsored with my colleagues PAUL develop approp1·iate systems of evaluation. can foreign policy. . ROGERS of Florida, Dr. TIM LEE CARTER of Next year, our House Health Subcommit­ The New York Times, for example, has Kentucky, and JOHN SEIBERLING of Ohio. tee with the bipartisan leadership of Paul noted that- My spacial thanks go to House Judi­ Rogers and Dr. Tim Lee Carter will continue No one is going to oppose the ideal of ciary Subcommittee Chairman, DoN its support of Public Health Service Act Soviet-American detente . . . The issue is EDWARDS of California whose leadership research funds for work into the causes and whether the pursuit of detente is being wise­ and hard work have made action on this treatment of birth defects as part of ly conducted, With proper regard for funda­ the total Federal medical research effort. mental interests and full realization of pit­ joint resolution possible during this 93d The National Foundation/March of Dimes falls as well a.s rewards. Congress. makes extensive grants each year for re­ The joint resolution, which has already search into the underlying causes of bir.th The Times' conclusion is that- been approved by the Senate, would defects and also into the best methods of The danger of detente as it has been pur­ establish January 1975 as "March of diagnosis and treatment. The internationally sued ... is that the United States may get famous Salk Institute for research has been an eloquently expressed design for interrela­ Dimes' Birth Defects Month." As a mem­ built and largely supported by March of tionships, while the Russians get a new gen­ ber of the House Health Subcommittee, Dimes funds. eration of computers. Compounding this im­ I know birth defects are a major health The National Foundation/ March of Dimes balance, principles of behavior-however problem affecting 250,000 American in­ sponsors a network of medical service pro­ solemnly agreed-can be readily revoked; fants each year. One in every 14 births grams throughout the country. Through technological knowledge once disclosed can these programs children with birth defects never be Withdrawn. or approximately 700 babies each day receive diagnosis and treatment by teams of are born with some type of defect or medical experts. More than half ot the pro­ Recently, George Meany, head of the handicap. grams also provide genetic counseling. At AFL-CIO, stated in testimony before the CXX--2519-Part 30 39962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 Senate Foreign Relations Committee I and the October War reveal how far the By living up to these contractual condi­ that the policy of detente with the Soviet United States has gone and how costly its tions, the freedom of emigration and the un­ Union was "one-sided appeasement." pursuit of peace can be. Presidents should trammelled flow of news and ideas .among While detente has produced a "silly forswear summit negotiations and meet the people of all countries would be guar­ euphoria" in the West, -Mr. Meany said, there only to sign previously agreed-to docu- anteed. Reinforcing these undertakings is the ments. covenant of the United Nations dedicated, it is viewed with cold calculation in the Disarmament should take the place where among other things, to faith in "fundamen­ Soviet Union which, he pointed out, sees belligerency reigns--in the Middle Ea.st and ta.I h.uman rights." it as based on U.S. weakness, as a means Southeast Asia. Oil wealth should be com- . While the world press and other organs of intensifying ideological warfare, as a mitted to the development of blighted lands. of public opinion were debating the pros means of undermining NA TO, and as a And cooperation in trade should be extended and cons of the looming crisis for the means of attaining ultimate military su­ only to countries in which labor is not en- detente policy, the New York Times in a periority over the West. slaved. dispatch from Moscow dated April 12, The principles of freedom should be voiced 1974, reported an incident which in itself An important analysis of the current vigorously in all forums. There can be no posed no threat to world peace, but detente policy has been written by Isaac true deten te except on the basis of common which nevertheless goes to the very heart Don Levine, a man whose long and emi­ decency. of the problem of how to build an endur- nent career in journalism, spans more The grand design for an era of peace ing understanding between the West and than half a century. Mr. Levine, himself sketched and promoted by Roosevelt and the Kremlin. The report read in part: a native of Russia, covered the Russian Harry Hopkins over 40 years ago, and re- "Soviet policemen today grabbed and Revolution as a reporter for the New cently refurbished and pursued with re- marched off a middle-aged Russian cou­ newed vigor under the label of detente by pie who tried to enter the American Em­ York Herald Tribune, and has been a Nixon and Henry Kissinger, is now under- bassy, then drove them away in an un­ keen observer of Soviet affairs ever since. going its acid and final test. marked black sedan, apparently for interro- Mr. Levine expresses the view that-­ President Nixon's histronic hajj to Mao gation. All experience with expanding totalitarian Tse-tung's red Mecca was carried out in the "The noontime incident, witnessed by a. powers, from Mussolini's Fascism, Hitler's spirit and tradition of FDR's pilgrimages to handful of bystanders that included some National Socialism and Stalin's Communist Soviet-occupied Teheran and to Yalta for American diploma.ts and their wives, was imperialism, has shown that a workable ac­ his long-coveted meetings with Stalin. And the latest in an apparent new effort by cord with such a regime can be achieved only although the framework of this latest model Soviet authorities to restrict access to the on the basis of superiority of force enjoyed of .a durable world peace has not yet been embassy. by the free world. completed, it is already creaking at every "Yesterday, two Soviet nationals were joint. taken into custody by policemen when Yielding ground to such a power, Mr. It is scarcely necessary to recapitulate here they sought to enter the embassy's con­ Levine declares: the score of well-known occasions when the sular section to discuss prospects for joining In the expectation of gaining favor with it United States went far out to chase the fata relatives in the United States. or cementing a true friendship is a sure in­ morgana of .an enduring settlement with the "Both were carrying written invitations vitation to aggression, as little Finland Kremlin. from the embassy, which has taken to issuing learned in November 1939 when she yielded From Nov. 16, 1933, when Roosevelt and such letters to help Soviet visitors get past to Soviet pressure to withdraw her troops Maxim Litvinov signed the accord which ex- the policemen on duty outside. from the border zone. On November 30, the tended recognition to the Soviet dictatorship, "The two were physically intercepted..•• Soviet forces attacked Finland and bombed to our own days, the air has been reverberat- According to eyewitnesses, two policemen Helsinki. ... ing with the familiar tunes of the grand hustled them roughly off in the rain to a design. warming shack on a side· street under the Unfortunately, our detente policy And what did that design promise to the supervision of the senior police officer on seems to be one which has shown little American people ~d to the rest of the free duty. concern for national strength. Mr. Le­ world? Peace in our lifetime. Lucrative trade "Several diplomats who rushed out heard vine states that to ignore history's to the merchants. High profits to the fin- shouts and screams from inside the shack. lessons- anciers. Increased employment to industry They could not confirm whether the would­ and labor. Liberalization of the despotic sys- be visitors were beaten by the police, as was Is to expose the very life of a free society tern within the Soviet Union. initially reported." to mortal danger. The United States took to The rationale for seeking an understanding No serious student of Soviet affairs will that road in the course of the protracted with the Communist outcasts w.as sounded doubt that the incident in Moscow occurred SALT negotiations initiated in Hels,inki and by FDR in his groundbreaking message of on orders from the highest authorities. Vienna by the Nixon Administration and Oct. 10, 1933, to the head of the Soviet gov- Did Washington issue a clear warning then virtually stalemated for years until the ernment, proposing to put an end to the against any further violation of the elemen­ spring of 1972 when President Nixon made "present abnormal relations between the 125 ary code of conduct among civilized govern­ his well publicized journey to Moscow which million people of the United States and the ments which might involve a rupture of dip- resulted in the SALT treaty•••• It is now 160 million people of Russia." Iomatic relations between the two powers? a matter of common knowledge that under Since then, this keynote has been struck Quite the contrary. Secretary Kissinger these suddenly improvised pacts the Presi­ again and again by American policy-makers had spelled out his stand unmistakably dur­ dent conceded to the Soviets a steep increase and replayed as a. stirring novelty by Presi- ing the tempestuous deportation of Nobel of land-based ballistic missiles to the num­ dent Nixon when he ushered in his ping- Prize-winner Alexsander Solzhenitsyn which ber of 1,618 as against 1,054 for the U.S. and pong diplomacy. caused a worldwide revulsion. Dr. Kissinger an even more awesome advance in subma­ It is a theme which evokes the noble ideal then publicly conceded that the Kremlin ac­ rine nuclear missiles. of the brotherhood of man and it is tm- tion was a matter of internal Soviet politics. Mr. Levine concludes that-- bedded in at least four outstanding instru- Without even a remote allusion to Mos­ ments of the gr.and de'Sign: the Roosevelt- cow's various pledges in international pacts The road to a genuine detente in our rela­ Litvinov recognition agreement and the sub- to observe "fundamental human rights,'' the tions with Russia can only be found by a free sequent consulate Treaty, the Atlantic Char- secretary of state virtually assured the world leadership convinced, in the words of ter of Aug. 14, 1941, subscribed to by the Brezhnev junta that its domestic barbarites Orwell, "that human society must be based USSR, in the Declaration of the United Na- would "in no way be standing in the way of on common de<:ency." tions of Jan. 1, 1942, and the Teheran Dec- detente." I wish to share with my colleagues the la.ration of Dec. 1, 1943. President Nixon, a few days before the article by Isaac Don Levine which origi­ These pacts, to which the Soviet govern- "ugly" Moscow incident, had urged then ment is a solemn party, contain pledges to German Chancellor Willy Brandt, in a meet­ nally appeared in the Strategic Review uphold and practice the principles without ing in Paris, to "be a little nicer to the and was reprinted in the October 5, 1974, which normal relations among civilized na- Russians." issue of Human Events, and insert it into tions are impossible. Would it be so far from reality to suggest the RECORD at this time: The pledges included, under the aegis of that the state of mind of the Nixon White ROAD TO DETENTE MUST BE BASED ON COMMON a common dedication to peace and the en- House encouraged the Kremlin, because of DECENCY actment of measures of disarmament to ease the adverse developments for the Soviets in (By Isaac Don Levine) "the crushing burden of armaments," assur- the Middle Ea.st, to renew its old bullying From President Franklin D. Roosevelt to ances that "all men in all the lands may live tactics by intensifying its siege of the U.S. former President Richard Nixon, the United out their lives in freedom from fear and. Embassy in Moscow? States has vigorously pursued a grand design want," permitting "all men to tr.averse the If Solzhenitsyn had compiled a volume re­ for an era of peace premised on the coopera­ high seas and oceans without hindrance," cording the cases of affronts, scurrilities, in­ tion of the Soviet government. securing "the elimination of tyranny and juries and other instances of uncivilized U.S. hopes have repeatedly been dashed by slavery, oppression and intolerance" and aim- conduct inflicted upon the United States the hostility of Soviet responses, but the ing "to preserve human rights and justice in by the Soviet rulers during the past 40 basic design has not been abandoned. SALT their own land as well as in other lands." years--a volume which the State Department December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39963 could easily fill with massive evidence-he of MIRV warheads offset the Soviet superior­ exemplary service in safeguarding and would probably sum it all up in one o! his ity in missiles; though our representatives protecting the people and property of our characteristic comments as follows: knew that Soviet MIRVs would soon dispel "Dig up the precedents from the courts of this advantage. community, State, and Nation. Genghis Khan and Ivan the Terrible and you What has never been authoritatively di­ May I commend to you the following will have the bones of the Communist doc­ vulged to the American people are the con­ public safety officers and ladies auxiliary trine of coexistence." siderations of political expediency which led of Preakness Volunteer Fire Co. No. 4, It is, however, to Alexsander Solzhenitsyn our diplomacy to make such a major conces­ who continue to carry on the sterling and nuclear scientist Andrei Sakharov that sion to the Kremlin. It was widely proclaimed tradition of the firefighters of America, we owe a great debt for exposing the theory that the next round in the negotitaions, SALT second to none, with distinction and of Soviet diplomacy which the Kremlin dem­ II, would lead to a substantial reduction of honor: onstrated in Moscow in front of the U.S. nuclear arms on both sides. LINE OFFICERS Embassy. However, sober observers warned at the Those two valorous Russian spokesmen time that the great concession to the Soviets The Honorable: Robert Daniels, Chief; were the first in our generation to raise their would boomerang and, instead of meeting Phil Teresi, Assistant Chief; George Kar­ voices and warn the West that without ob­ Washington halfway in an accord for curbing amanol, Captain; Robert Kuiken, 1st serving fundamental human rights, no last­ offensive weapons, Moscow would take our Lieutenant; Walter Johnson, 2d Lieuten­ ing modus vivendi with the the totalitarian sacrifice as a sign of weakness and seek fur­ ant. regime is a.ttaina.ble. t her advantages. FORMER CHIEFS Responsible American and European In March 1974, during Secretary Kissinger's statesmen took up their cry. Sen. Edward M. mission to the Kremlin to pave the way for Robert Gordon; James Jarvis; John Kennedy (D.-Mass.), in his conference with the President's trip to Moscow in June, Kooreman; and Matt Perkins, Sr. Leonid Brezhnev in the Kremlin on April 21, Brezhnev made his unyielding position clear. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS joined it when he obliquely raised the issue And the following month the Soviet army Robert Gordon, President; John of " the free emigration of peoples," not as a was testing in Syria, under actual war con­ Babitz; David Herman, Sr.; John Koore­ high international obligation, but in the ditions against Israel, its latest model mis­ man; and Chuck Neidlein. form of a plea for "magnanimous action" on siles with multiple warheads, according to the part of the Soviets that would promote the Beirut Al Moharrer, which revealed that FIREMEN the "condition needed for our own progress these missiles "could fire between three and Charlie Bogert; Bob Chetirkin; Tom in controlling nuclear arms." seven warheads." Another paper, Al Safir, Duncan; Jerry Elia; Greg Froehner; The record cited here should suffice to for­ described the new weapons as "SAM 9s, among Brian Hamilton; Mike Jaco. mulate the precondition of a workable rela­ the most sophisticated surface-to-air missiles Nick Kuipers; John Nee; Matt Perkins, tionship with the Soviet oligarchy which in the Soviet arsenal." Jr.; Walter Riker; Dan Shuler; Wayne would command credibility in the courts of What does this mean to the security of world opinion: the United States? A rapid escalation of the Shell; Bob Smith; Charlie Valt; and John A decent mutual regard for all members of nuclear arms race brought about by a diplo­ Wozniak. the family nations, with the unswerving ob­ matic game of short-sighted diplomacy. In THE LADrES AUXILIARY servation of solemn pledges guaranteeing un­ the face of the blank wall behind which Dale Wielenga, President; Gayle obstructed intercourse among ciitzens of all the Soviet leadership has taken its stand Babitz; Evelyn Duncan; Marilyn Elia; countries, are indispensable to an enduring on the top critical issues involved in SALT Louise Gordon; Virginia Gross. stn1cture of peace. II, it is not too late to redress some of our Amy Hillwong; Barbara Johnson; All experience with expanding totalitarian lost ground. Mary Kuiper; Mary Meehan; Viola Mul­ powers, from Mussolini's Fascism, Hitler's Would a return to the time-honored prin­ National Socialism and Stalin's Communist ciple of conduct among heads of state, con­ ler; Barbara Nee; and Loys Neidlein. imperialism, has shown that a workable ac­ sonant with the status of the United States Harriet Perkins; Jenny Perkins; Ellen cord with such a regime can be achieved in the ranks of world powers, not be a salu­ Ridgway; Jenny Ridgway; Betty Schuler; only on the basis of superiority of force en­ brious riposte to Moscow's increasing ap­ Jean Simon; and Marie Terica. joyed by the free world. petite and intransigence? Such a break- To acquaint you with the early begin­ To assure a viable peace, this superiority through in reverse is now called for. · nings of the Preakness Volunteer Fire Co. must rest on a force in being, wielded with Thirty-six years ago, before Solzhenitsyn's No. 4 and its progress over this past half­ restraint, without resort to bullying, to ex­ message rang out around the globe, George ercises in violence, to threats, blackmail or Orwell foresaw the ultimate evolution of century, with your permission, Mr. other fonns of extreme pressure. the Soviet state and dedicated himself to the Speaker, I would like to insert at this As all totalitarian rulers are deeply rid­ promotion "of intellectual decency, which point in our historical journal of Con­ den with fear, usually rooted in the illegiti­ has been responsible for all true progress for gress, the story of this most distinguished macy of their governments, it is not sur­ centuries past, and Without which the very fire company which was presented to me prising that common to them all are bluster continuance of civilized life is by no means and other guests at the 50th Firemen's and aggression. The history of our times has certain." Anniversary Ball held at the Wayne demonstrated that equality is not a work­ The road t o a genuine detente in our rela­ Manor on November 30, 1974, in celebra­ able principle in dealing with a modern out­ tions with Russia can only be found by a and-out dictatorship. free world leadership convinced, in the words tion of this historical occasion. The state­ Yielding an inch to such a power in the of Orwell, "that human society must be ment of its history is as follows: expectation of gaining favor with it or ce­ based on common decency." EAST PREAKNESS SCHOOL No. 6 WAS ONCE menting a true friendship is a sure invitation PREAKNESS Co. 4 HEADQUARTERS to aggression, as little Finland learned in No­ When Nick Cassidy's barn on Ratzer Road vember 1939, when she yielded to Soviet pres­ in East Preakness burned down and the spec­ sure to withdraw her troops from the border OUR NATION SALUTES THE PREAK­ tacular blaze destroyed all the livestock in zone. On November 30, the Soviet forces NESS VOLUNTEER FffiE CO. NO. 4, it, the residents of that extremely rural attacked Finland and bombed Helsinki, which WAYNE, N.J., ON ITS GOLDEN 50TH section of Wayne decided it was time to do led to Russia's expulsion from the League of something to fortify their fire protection. Nations two weeks later. ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION Thus it was, early in 1924, that Preakness To ignore this experience is to expose the Volunteer Fire Company Number 4 was very life of a free society to mortal danger. ,formed. The first meeting was held in the The United States took to that .road in th_e HON. ROBERT A. ROE home of the late Passaic County Freeholder, course of the protracted SALT negotiations OF NEW JERSEY James Ratcliffe, father of Jack Ratcliffe, who initiated in Helsinki and Vienna by the served Wayne as committeeman for almost Nixon Administration and then virtually IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a quarter of a century and grandfather of stalemated for years until the spring of 1972 Friday, December 13, 1974 Robert Ratcliffe, presently president of when President Nixon made his well-publi­ Wayne's Board of Education. cized journey to Moscow which resulted in Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, it is indeed my The Company's first fire-fighting force the SALT treaty and interim agreement. privilege and honor to call to the atten­ was comprised of 12 volunteers. Their meet­ It is now a matter on common knowledge tion of you and our colleagues here in ing headquarters was old East Preakness that under these suddenly improvised pacts the Congress a most historic celebration School No. 6 which stood on the site now the President conceded to the Soviets a steep that is taking place in my Eighth Con­ occupied by Giannone's Service Station on increase of land-based intercontinental bal­ gressional District, State of New Jersey, Ra.tzer Road. The new Company's first fire listic missiles to the number of 1,618 as engine was a Day Elder and it was housed against 1,054 for the United States and an and request that you join with me in ex­ in the late Harry Tintle's Garage on the cor­ even more awesome advantage in submarine tending greetings and felicitations to the ner of Ratzer Road and Hamburg Turnpike. nuclear missiles. officers and members of the Preakness Tintle, it will be recalled, also served as It was claimed in explanation of this con­ Volunteer Fire Co. No. 4, on its observ­ township committeeman for more than 20 cession that the U.S. superiority in numbers ance of 50' years of selfless dedication and years. · 39964 EXTENSIONS OF R:EMARKS December 14, 1974

The ground on which the present firehouse of that address so that my colleagues sibilities of publishers and educators and stands was purchased from Frank Tarbet may have the opportunity to read his parents begin and end. Sr., "for a song". It was due to the generosity I think we all need to go back to the of three area families that the company was actual remarks in full context: basic question: What is the purpose of the able to meet its financial commitments. The speech follows: American education system and how can in­ Th~y were Hobart, Gaede and Mills families. SCHOOLS, PARENTS, AND TEXTBOOKS structural materials be used more effectively This is the same Hobart who was Vice Presi­ (By Terrel H. Bell) to fulfill that purpose? dent of the United States. The Gaede As I look around and see how many pub­ There are the obvious and immediate an­ (Gaede's Hill is named after them) owned lishing houses are represented here today, I swers. Clearly, a primary function of educa­ a. prosperous silk mill in Paterson while the feel somewhat like Dorothy and her friends tion is to give children and young people Mills family owned and operated the well confronting the Wizard. Remember that vast the skills-from the Three Rs up-to func­ known Mills Wholesale Hardware business in hall, those flashing lights, the booming voice, tion in a complex, highly technical society. Paterson. It should also be noted that Pater­ all those symbols of absolute spine-tingling Beyond that is the need to broaden their son State College is now on the site of the authority? intellectual horizons and enhance their Hobart Estate which was bequeathed to the I could be similarly intimidated by this problem solving abilities. State for that purpose. audience, because you are the wizards, the But America has always asked more of its The original firehouse was completed in power structure of the children's trade and schools and colleges. Many of you remember 1925. A large addition was completed in 1953. textbook industry. The member companies the children's books written by Abraham A third addition was completed in 1973. The of AAP's School Division produce more than Rosenbach in the 1930s. Dr. Rosenbach made 35 active members under Fire Chief Robert 80 percent of all instructional materials a profound observation about juvenile Daniels now operate two pumpers, one truck used in the Nation's schools, and other AAP literature. He said that subjects dealt with plus an auxiliary wagon and the chief's car. divisions increase the total to 90 percent in children's books, more than in any other The township at the time the fire company or more. class of literature, refiect the attitudes of was formed was largely rural. Its schools were But I am not intimidated by all this be­ the generation that produces the books. By for the most part- two room buildings. There cause, first, I know that you are accom­ implication, these attitudes cover the range were six such schools. One was in what later plished professionals doing your best to give of social concerns-politics, religion, ethics, became the municipal building and Ameri­ educators the materials they need and want; race relations, boy-girl relations, work, fam­ can Legion building; the second, Lower and, second, I know that after a few scary ily, country, and individual goals and aspira­ Preakness, stood on the site of the present passages Dnrothy and her friends came out tions. School books, in other words, are a Anthony Wayne Junior High School; the all right. distillation of the values and attitudes that third, in Upper Preakness, was on the site You have a tremendous job to do, and one generation wants to pass on to the next. of the present modern school and is now a you do it very well. To turn a profit, even . With the Nation's Bicentennial approach­ library; the fourth was the Pompton Falls to stay in business, you have to sell enough ing, we are increasingly conscious of our School on Hamburg Turnpike, near the heritage and our beginnings, and in his:. school officials in 50 States and some 17,000 North Jersey Butchers; Number 5 was at torical perspective I think Dr. Rosenbach's school districts on the quality and relevance theory holds up well. Black Oak Ridge Road and Ratzer Road and of your products. That alone requires you Number 6, as has been stated, was Earl to keep up with changes in teaching meth­ Children in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Preakness School on Ratzer Road. ods, subject matter, and social attitudes, not were taught to read in order to read the Bible Although there has been a population and and further their religious education. Writ­ building explosion in Wayne and the popu­ to mention changes necessitated by legisla­ tion on civil rights, women's rights, and ing and arithmetic had much lower orders lation has jumped from under 5,000 at the of priority. This conscious decision by par­ time Preakness 4 was formed to more than other matters by Congress and the State leg­ ents was undoubtedly based on strong con­ 60,000 now, 50 years later, one similar fire islatures and by court decisions. viction-increased, no doubt, by the hard­ problem exists ... distance. That is why Yet I believe you have a responsibility ships the colonists were enduring to give Preakness Volunteer Fire Company No. 4 be­ above and beyond your responsibility to their children a new start in a new land. lieves in buying, maintaining and operating your stockholders to produce books, films, Similarly, McGuffey's famous readers extremely fast and mobile equipment de­ an~ other materials that schools will buy. stressed the values that Americans in the late signed to cope with fire haz,ards of a com­ Th~s larger responsibility is to parents and 1800s wanted to instill in their children­ munity which is essentially residential and students and communities. It has to do with patriotism, integrity, honesty, industry, in which even new industry has preferred the school as an institution that must be temperance, courage, and politeness. These to build, for the most part, one story struc­ responsive to the community that supports readers sold 120 million copies. While Mc­ tures. it. It has to do with the wishes of parents Guffey's selections from great literature who entrust the education of impressionable would seem stilted by today's standards Mr. Speaker, we are all proud of the young children to teachers they soorcely there was certainly nothing wrong with th~ dedicated men of the public safety corps know, or don't know at all, whose values values they taught. We could use more em­ th!oughout o.ur country and today I seek may differ somewhat from their own. It has phasis on some of those values today. this congress10nal recognition of the fire­ to do with the subjects you select for books I do not mean to imply that parents to­ fighting volunteers of our community in and other materials and how these subjects day expect the same things from the educa­ are handled. tion system that parents did in colonial tribute to their outstanding contribu­ The Wizard of Oz, corny as it may seem tion to the history of our Nation and America or the Victorian period. Actually, to TV-orienteo young people today has al­ theY' expect far more. Parents are better edu­ the safe~y and well-being of our people. ways struck me as about the right combina­ cated, more widely traveled, and-thanks Our Nation does indeed salute the mem­ tion of suspense, which naturally appeals largely to television-more aware of the bers and families of the Preakness Vol­ to children, and the happy ending that world than parents of any previous genera­ unteer Fire Co. No. 4 with deepest ap­ takes the edge off the spooky parts. This tion. So are students. Publishers must be preciation for their outstanding public children's classic is a far cry from some a_ware of this sophistication. At the same service to mankind. of the current juvenile literature that ap­ time, they must recognize that we have com­ pears to emphasize violence-and obscenity­ pulsory attendance laws and that children and moral judgments that run counter to are the captive audience of the schools. Par­ tradition-all in the name of keeping up ents have a right to expect that the schools with the real world. SCHOOLS, PARENTS, AND What is really taught in a story about in their teaching approaches and selection of TEXTBOOKS a boy who drowns a favorite family cat to instructional materials, will support the val­ make his parents love him more? What is ues and std.ndards that their children are really conveyed to children when they are taught at home. And if the schools cannot asked to debate the pros and cons of steal­ support those values they must at least avoid HON. ALBERT H. QUIE deliberate destruction of them. OF MINNESOTA ing, the implication being that sometimes it is all right to steal? To be relevant do . One of the real problems in the produc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES high schools really need to offer a story tion and selection of instructional materials Friday, December 13, 1974 about a hundred-dollar whore? Assuming is that parents and communities differ so that there are great concepts to be taught widely in what they consider appropriate. We Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, in recent weeks in the stories about prostitutes, stealing, a~e pro~ably the world's most polyglot na­ th~re has been a great deal said and and drowning cats, do we need to dwell so tion, with many subcultures increasingly written about the school textbook con­ much on the sordid details? interested in maintaining or re-establishing troversy. One of the most recent speeches In recent weeks such books and films have the-ir identity in the larger society. We come provoked literally violent reactions from from many socio-economic backgrounds. we on the subject was by U.S. Commissioner have m~i:_iy divergent religious viewpoints. of Education Terrel Bell in a Decem­ parents. Certainly I deplore this violence. It is no solution. But there are fundamental Our positions on politics and education and ber 2 meeting of the Association of Amer­ issues involved. I would like to comment other things that matter run the gamut from ican Publishers. Because the Commis­ on some of these issues and talk about the ultra-conservative to ultra-liberal. sioner's speech created so much interest content and selection of instructional mate­ Your companies are doing a fine job in re­ in the press, I am inserting the full text rials and about where I think the respon- sponding to the needs of these various sub- December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39965 cultures and communities. You are be­ But I feel strongly that the scholar's free­ consists primarily of an attack on Gov­ ginning to offer materials that reflect the dom of choice and the teacher's freedom of ernment spending for hwnan needs, and rich cultural heritage and values of our choice must have the approval and support leaves our bloated military budget un­ Native American, Spanish speaking, and of most parents. I do not suggest that we other minority populations. You are also seek to win approval of all parents, for that touched. Not only is this approach inef­ beginning to get a handle on the s )X stereo­ would not be attainable-but schools without fective, but it places the heaviest burden type problem, getting the girls out of the parental support and approval are headed on those who have suffiered most from kitchen anc! the boys out of the treehouse­ for failure. Without having books and ma­ inflation-the elderly, the poor, and or at least letting the girls join them. terials that are so namby-pamby they avoid those living on fixed incomes. Certainly, these new materials need to in­ all controversy, we must seek published ma­ We must reorder our priorities to focus clude an introduction to the problems and terials that do not insult the values of most on the country's domestic needs: on the pitfalls that children are likely to encounter parents. Where there is basic conflict, no one economy, employment, education, health, as they grow up. Learning about the adult really wins, and children suffer. However, world is fundamental to the learning process parents have the ultimate responsibility for housing, and the environment. We must itself. Surely this can be done without re­ the upbringing of their children, and their consider each proposed Government ex­ sorting to explicit violence, or explicit sex, desires should take precedence. The school's penditure, not only in terms of how much or four-letter words. Most of the mass media authority ends where it infringes on this it adds to the Federal budget, but in are still pretty careful, rightly I think, parental right. terms of what else might be bought with about controlling the use of obscene lan­ I say these things knowing that parents, those funds. guage in TV and radio programing and being human, can also be dead wrong, at The following table prepared by Prof. in printed materials that reach into millions least in the opinion of some educators and of American homes. (There are some excep­ other members of society. I know that par­ Seymour Melman illustrates this choice tions, of course.) And I am happy to see that ents can have religious convictions or moral dramatically by showing the cost in do­ violence on television is not quite so gory convictions that differ from those of the mestic programs of various military ex­ as it used to be. school people. And every society has at least penditures. I commend this table-which True, some people say that children are a few holdouts against legal and established appeared in the New York Times on De­ still exposed to more violence on television institutions. Nevertheless, of whatever ethnic cember 4, 1974-to my colleagues in the in a single evening than they are likely to background or philosophical persuasion, most hope that they will join me in trying to encounter at school in a whole term. This parents are responsible arbiters of their chil­ direct Government efforts to the real may be true, but it is not the issue. What dren's best interests. We must pay more at­ children are exposed to in the home is totally tention to their values and seek their advice problems and needs of our constituents. the responsibility of their parents. Parental more frequently. The table follows: judgments may vary a great deal, and what So I think the children's book publishing GETTING THE BIGGEST BANG FOR THE BUCK .•• children are allowed to watch on TV will re­ industry, and the schools, need to chart a (By Seymour Melman) flect these judgments. But when parents middle course between the scholar's legiti­ send their children to school they delegate mate claim to academic freedom in present­ Following is a list of some civilian and some of this authority to school adminis­ military trade-offs adapted from the book ing new knowledge and social commentary "The Permanent War Economy." The author trators and teachers. These professionals on the one hand, and the legitimate expecta­ should in turn respect the broad spectrum of is professor of industrial engineering at Co­ tions of parents that schools will respect lumbia University and national co-chairman parental attitudes represented by the child­ their moral and ethical values on the other. ren in their classrooms. of SANE. Fortunately, some of the newer instruc­ 66 low-cost houses equals $1 million equals Let me turn now to the question of aca­ tional approaches will help to dehorn the 1 Huey h~licopter. demic freedom and the implied threat of aca­ dilemma in time. Certainly, wider use of demic censorship that some people may read Unfunded housing assistance in Arkansas iPdividualized instruction for each child will equals $100 million equals 1 DD-963 de­ into what I have said. give his or her parents the opportunity to I recognize that much of the world's great stroyer. rule out an objectionable book or film with­ 257 apartments in New York City equals literature is full of violent scenes and situa­ out affecting other children. tions. As a teenager, I shuddered as I read $9 million equals 1 Navy A6-E Intruder plane. What the present controversy comes down Impounded Federal housing funds, 1972 the closing pages of A Tale of Two to, I believe, is a growing concern on the Cities .•• Madame Defarge knitting as the equals $130 million equals 8 F-14 aircraft. part of parents that they have lost control Vetoed Environmental Protection Agency tumbrils rolled up to the guillotine. over their children's education and therefore It was high drama. Madame symbolized plan to depollute the Great Lakes equals $141 0~·er their children's future. million equals 1973 request for new airborne the Reign of Terror. But overriding her glee You can do much to restore that con­ at the fall of the French aristocracy was the nuclear-war command post. fidence. We need instructional programs, for 1973 unfunded Housing and Urban Devel­ nobility of the sacrifice being made by instance, that teach the principles of modern Sydney Carton as he mounted the scaffold. opment water and sewer requests equals $4 Violence served as the vehicle to say some mathematics but also show pupils how to billion equals cost excess on F-111 aircraft. powerful things about love and honor and add and subtract. Parents are uptight about National water-pollution abatement, 1970- trust and responsibility: There are basic this one. We need programs that incorpo­ 75 equals $38 billion equals cost excess for human values, and they are the forces that rate the career education concept into aca­ 45 weapons systems. . make great books great. I am not sure they demic studies so that young people will know National solid-waste-treatment program are present to the extent they should be in where they are heading when they leave equals $43.5 billion equals B-1 bomber pro­ some of the current literature purchased by school or college for the world of work. We gram. schools for classroom and library use. need good literature that will appeal to chil­ Total environment cleanup equals $105.2 As scholars prepare new textbooks and dren without relying too much on blood and billion equals new weapons systems in devel­ other materials, as you publish them and guts and street language for their own sake. opment or procurement. schools select them, I hope everyone involved We need films and other materials that are 1 high school in Oregon equals $6.25 mil­ will keep in mind the idea behind an anec­ realistic about the world we live in yet make lion equals amount paid by 1 Oregon county dote I heard the other day. young people want to be a part of it. to support military. Following some dispute or other, Johnny For impressionable young minds, it is easy Unfunded program to upgrade rural poked his classmate Robert in the nose. to document and decry the world's evils. It American life equals $300 million equals 5 Naturally, the teacher chastised Johnny for is more difficult to end on an upbeat note · C-5A aircraft. this action, and Johnny replied : "It's a free that gives youngsters something to hang on Unfunded 1973 rural health care equals country. I know my rights." to. Young people need faith and hope and $22 million equals 50 per cent of Lockheed "Well, yes,'' the teacher said, "you have confidence in the future. They need a yellow Cheyenne helicopter funding increase, 1973. rights, the same rights your classmates have brick road. And I don't see much wrong with Child-nutrition programs funding cut and every American has. But your rights a rainbow either. equals $69 million equals 2 DE-1052 de­ end where Robert's nose begins." stroyer escorts. I think this little story says some impor­ Special Milk Program funding equals $1 tant things. In writing textbooks and other million equals 1 Main Battle Tank. materials for school use, scholars do have Health, Education, and Welfare public as­ the right, indeed the obligation, to present GETTING THE BIGGEST BANG FOR sistance cut, 1973, equals $567 million equals THE BUCK new knowledge and to comment on social 3 nuclear atta~k submarines. changes in ways that will stimulate and mo­ To bring all poor Americans above pov­ tivate students, excite their curiosity, and erty line, 1971, equals $11.4 billion equals make them to learn. Teachers have both the HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN B-1 bomber program, low estimate. right and obligation to use these materials To eliminate hunger in America equals in ways that will enhance the learning pro­ OF NEW YORK $4.5 billion equals C-5A aircraft program. gram. Indeed, teachers are getting to be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vetoed child-care program equals $2.1 bil• very creative in developing supplementary Friday, December 13, 1974 lion equals development excess on B-1 materials to illustrate and expand on text­ bomber program. book themes, and this creatively should be Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ Philadelphia 1971 schools deficit equals $40 encouraged. dent Ford's feeble effort against inflation million equals 1 B-1 bomber. 39966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 Reopening New York Public Library week­ providing the seed and the philosophy for So, whatever short-term benefits this ends and holidays equals $900,000 equals l• the parochial school system in this coun­ bill may provide for a few, it will in­ year operation 6 Huey helicopters. For each of 250 communities, 3 equipped try. In fa.ct, Mother Seton's endeavors at variably make things worse for everyone schools; also, 1-year salaries for 35,714 teach­ Emmitsburg, Md., led to the formation in the long run. ers equals $6 bllllon equals 6,000 aircraft lost of the Sisters of Charity, the first reli­ We do not even know how much this in Indochina by October, 1969. gious order for women in the United bill will cost us. The Senate has been Graduate fellowship funding cut, 1973, States. That order now numbers some considerably more generous than the equals $175 million equals 1 nuclear aircraft 8,000 members. Elizabeth Ann Seton died House on this matter, and I anticipate ca.rrier.. in 1821, and in 1963 she was beatified by that the conference report will recom­ New Orleans unfunded urban develop­ Pope John XXIII. mend expenditures greatly in excess of ment, 1973, equals $94 million equals 2 months' Laos bombing. I like to feel that I am particularly what we approved yesterday. 1972 housing funds impounded equals $50 lucky because I live in the shadow of What we need to do here, is to enact a million equals 3 F-14 aircraft ($57.6 mlllion). Seton Hill College. Everyone at home type of bill that encourages the private 1973 Newark needs for urban renewal has, at one time or another, felt the sector to hire more people, to add to equals $125 million equals 4 DE-1052 de­ effects of the important work that the their training programs, and to stimu­ stroyer escorts. Sisters of Charity are involved in, con­ late economic growth. More government 1973 cities' needs to rebuild blighted areas tinuously. Many thousands of children spending is not going to make unemploy­ equals $3 billion equals 1 nuclear aircraft in the parochial school systems of my carrier, equipped, and escorts. ment go away; it never has. What it 1971 Detroit city deficit equals $303 mil­ district have received, from the Sisters of will do, is perpetuate the kind of fiscal lion equals 3 F-15 fighters ($27 million). Charity, not only a quality education, but irresponsibility that has become all too 1972 Federal hes.I th budget deficiency also an impetus toward the goals that common in this Congress, and aggravate equals $2.3 billion equals overruns on C-5A Elizabeth Seton found important. our economic woes. aircraft .a.nd Main Battle Tank. Throughout the years the opinions and I, therefore, regret the passage of this 1972-73 cut in Federal mental-health ideas of members of the Sisters of bill, and hope Congress will undertake budgets equals $65 million equals 1 C-5A Charity have been valued in our commu­ some long-term solutions to our aircraft ($60 mlllion). nity affairs. And Seton Hill has long problems. 1972-73 funds reduction for training health personnel equals $140.9 million equals been held as a shining example of the 1 DE-1052 destroyer escort, and 1 DD-963 importance of the women's college in cul­ destroyer ($134 mlllion). tural and philosophical endeavors. Eliza­ HON.H.R.GROSS 1973 unfunded medical school construction beth Seton began a tradition that has equals $250 million equals cost excess on amply serve:\ and benefited the people M-60 Sheridan ta.nk. of the 21st District and in her sainthood HON. TOM BEVILL she will at last be properly revered and OF ALABAMA respected for the great and holy woman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that she was. Monday, December 9, 1974 MOTHER ELIZABETH SETON Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to have this opportunity to join my col­ HON. JOHN H. DENT INFLATION IS REAL SOURCE OF leagues today in paying tribute to Con­ OF PENNSYLVANIA UNEMPLOYMENT gressman H. R. GRoss, ·of Iowa, who is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES retiring at the end of the 93d Congress. Friday, December 13, 197 4 I have known Congressman GRoss for HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM a nilmber of years now and in my judg­ Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday OF CALIFORNIA ment he is one of the most able Member's Pope Paul VI announced the confirma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to serve in the U.S. House of Represent­ tion of the sainthood of Mother Eliza­ atives. beth Seton, the first native-born Amer­ Friday, December 13, 1974 As we all know so well, Congressman ican to be so named. Her canonization Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I am GRoss has focused much of his atten­ will be formalized on September 14, 1975 very conce!'ned about the rising unem­ tion on the need to reduce Federal as pa.rt of the Church's holy year cele­ ployment rate, and the painful fact that spending. In my judgment, he has con­ brations. more than 6 million Americans do not tributed a great deal toward maintain­ As an American Roman Catholic I am have jobs. But the bill which passed ing a sensible approach to funding vari­ proud of Mother Seton, but I feel I have this House yesterday, the Emergency ous programs. He has rendered a real an even greater reason to exult in her Jobs Act of 1974, will not cure the under­ service to the people of this Nation. sainthood; for back home in my district lying causes of unemployment, and will His consistent questioning of the need in Pennsylvania there is a. small women's indeed only serve to worsen our eco­ for new spending programs and his con­ liberal arts college, know11 as Seton Hill, nomic problems. For that reason, I con­ stant prodding into why more money is that has, for more than 100 years, been a sider the bill unwise and voted against it. needed for established programs has led marvelous religious, cultural and com­ Infiation is the real source of the cur­ to a substantial savings for American munity-minded commemoration of all rent unemployment, and a return to a taxpayers. that projected Elizabeth Seton to saint­ livable infiation rate would bring about His unrelenting efforts to eliminate all hood. a corresponding drop in unemployment unnecessary spending have, at times, Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born in :figures. I believe there is a widespread made him the subject of derision by New York City on August 28, 1774, just consensus that inflation will never be many who opposed him. But he has 2 years before this great country achieved brought under control until Federal maintained an unwavering position and its independence. She married William spending is brought into line with Fed­ been true to his beliefs. Seton at the age of 19, and they had five eral income. Yet, here we have a bill Most often called a conservative H. R. children. Seton, however, died of tuber­ costing billions of dollars, with no ex­ GRoss has been called many other things culosis in 1803, leaving his family penni­ planation of where the funds to pay for by his detractors. But this has only rein­ less in Italy, where they had traveled for it will come from. So we simply added to forced his determination to see that the his health. Elizabeth had been born and the already outrageous Federal deficit, House retains some fiscal sanity. And reared in the Episcopal Church, but par­ and did considerably more to worsen even among his detractors he is regarded tially because of the friendship of a inflation. as one who always has the courage to Roman Catholic family in Italy she be­ There are two ways in which our citi­ stand by his convictions. came interested in the Catholic faith, zens could pay for all these new jobs. We His work in the Congress has given and she converted 2 years later. could obtain additional revenue by rais­ ample evidence of his devotion to duty Returning from Italy to America, ing taxes. I think most of my colleagues and love of country. If other Members Elizabeth Seton began teaching school realize the folly of that course. But had more often followed his lead in fiscal in Baltimore in order to support her if we do not come up with increased matters, in my view we would not be in young family. Several years later she taxes, the people will pay anyway, with a our present economic situation. opened what was to prove to be the first hidden tax-a higher rate of inflation In his departure from public life, the Catholic free school in the United States, ·and another jump in the cost of living. Nation, the ~tate of Iowa and his own December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39967 district will lose a valuable public servant fective at intimidating administrators and Last year, a virulent pamphlet on urban whose place will be hard to fill. organizing inmates, that they hold many of guerrilla warfare was smuggled into San It is my earnest hope that the coming the nation's 350 federal and state institu­ Quentin, reproduced on a mimeograph ma­ tions in a state of near siege. "There is not a chine and widely distributed among inmates years of retirement for Congressman major prison in this country," reports a top before guards seized it. A sample of the les­ GRoss will be filled with good fortune and FBI official, "where revolutionaries are not son plan: "Kidnaping is important to the re­ happiness. recruiting inmates. Somebody better wake up lease of political prisoners. Harm to the vic­ before it's too late." tim should not be entertained until it has How do the agitators do it? For one thing, become obvious that demands will not be OUR PRISONS ARE POWDER KEGS they now have near-total access to convicts­ met. At such a time he should be executed thanks to a series of recent federal-court de­ at once. His face should be disfigured by cisions relaxing curbs on inmate-mail cen­ small-arms fire and pictures of the results HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD sorship and visitation privileges. In most of sent to the newspapers and television sta­ our large prisons, extremists have enlisted tions across the country." OF MISSOURI more than ten percent of the inmates, form­ A NATIONAL PATTERN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing them into revolutionary cadres which While California's experience with prison Friday, December 13, 1974 control the majority of convicts through disruption and radical organizers has been muscle and intimidation. the most severe, prisons in other states are Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, in 1973, the The arithmetic of the potential danger is increasingly coming under attack. On June House Committee on Internal Security frightening. Authorities estimate that 94 per­ 22, 1973, inmates of the State Penitentiary at conducted a wide-ranging inquiry into cent of the quarter-million or more offenders Florence, Ariz., went on a rampage of de­ the exploitation of prison unrest by ex­ presently incarcerated in state and federal struction. Before state police brought the tremist groups seeking to enlist prisoners institutions will be returned to society within riot under control, two corrections officers five years. Prison officials agree with radical had been killed. in revolutionary movements. organizers that thousands of them could Our committee investigation, espe­ Five weeks later, the Oklahoma State Pris­ emerge as hardened political terrorists. "A on at McAlester exploded in violence, "Let's cially as it concentrated on conditions in ticking time bomb," reports the House Com­ go!" convicts screamed. "This is a revolu­ New York, Ohio, and California, marked mittee on Internal Security, which has tion!" Three inmates, reluctant to join in the first public ventilation of a growing probed the situation throughout the coun­ the riot were murdered. Only days later, it problem in our correctional institutions. try. was the turn of the Federal Prison at Leaven­ The Reader's Digest, in October of this LOCKDOWN worth, Kan., where militants rioted and a year, has summed up many of our find­ California, with the nation's largest in­ guard was killed. ings and brought the subject even more mat e population (23,800), has been singled Why are these disturbances plaguing our out by radicals as a prime target-with dev­ correctional system? And who or what is be­ up to date in an article by Nathan Adams astating results. In the past four years, 92 hind them? which I recommend to my colleagues by convicts have been murdered there, and 265 To begin with, the U.S. prison system is, in inserting it at this point in the RECORD. guards assaulted; 11 of the latter were the words of one warden, "the most violent I agree with the quote therein from the stabbed to death. The last, Officer Jerry San­ system in the civilized world, and the most top FBI official, "Somebody better wake ders, was reportedly clubbed and stabbed by in need of urgent refo':'m." In New York up before it's too late." two black militants on November 27, 1973, State, four of the seven state prisons were The article follows: at the Deue Vocational Institution. · built before the turn of the century-one, Sanders' murder was the final straw for incredibly, in 1816. Three of the four peni­ OUR PRISONS ARE POWDER KEGS California's Director of Corrections Raymond tentiaries in Illinois date back to the 19th (By Nathan M. Adams) Procunier. Investigators learned that prison century. On the morning of May 31, 1973, two in­ revolutionaries wr:re planning to kill a Nor is age the only factor. In most Amer­ mate-spokesmen for Black Muslim convicts guard a week. Two days after Sanders' death, iCan prisons- and in local jails, too-pris­ at Pennsylvania's Holmesburg Prison were Procunier ordered the wardens of four of the oners are squeezed together cheek by jowl in granted a "grievance hearing" with Warden state's penal institutions to confine all in­ conditions that approach the subhuman. Patrick Curran and his deputy, Robert From­ mates to their cells in a "lockdown." Once Young, first-time offenders, shoveled into hold. No sooner was the meeting under way this was done, prison officials classified and overcrowded cells with hardened criminals, than the inmates lunged at the officials. Cur­ isolated extremist inmates. are easy prey for homosexual rapists. (A re­ ran and Fromhold were dead within seconds, The tactic worked-temporarily. From De­ cently paroled mobster promised to shoot each stabbed repeatedly with daggers fash­ cember 1973 through last March, the assault his own son before he'd see him incarcerated ioned from table knives. Investigators called rate fell 63 percent. But radicals' criticism in an American prison.) Prisons are fre­ ·it a preplanned, cold-blooded murder. How­ of the crackdown has been strong. Militant quently underi.taffed, and their guards and ever, such criminals are hailed as heroes and organizers even publicized a plan to stage a administrators poorly trained. Classification "political prisoners" by both radical inmates public execution of Birector Procunier. of inmates is too often nonexistent. and outside extremist groups. "What is happening here," says Procunier, LEGAL ACCOMPLICES "is a highly organized attempt to destroy our Police and FBI agents in Ohio are monitor­ But if our corrections system has fallen ing the activities of an extremist group-in­ system of correctional justice. These agita­ victim to official neglect and public apathy, cluding former Weathermen-which last year tors mean to bring anarchy to the prisons, it has not escaped the attention of others and, through them, to the streets of our almost succeeded in breaking out a dozen who see in it a unique opportunity to sow inmates from the Southern Ohio Correctional cities. It is an explosive situation." the seeds of unrest. FBI and corrections ad­ Institute. The plan called for taking the con­ A look behind the scenes at San Quentin ministrators single out the radical National victs to a hideout in the hills of West Vir­ tells why. Originally built in 1852, "Q," as it Lawyers Guild (NLG) as perhaps the most ginia, where they would undergo training in is known to inmates, has been enlarged and important leader of revolutionary prison urban guerrilla warfare. Meanwhile, attacks today confines 3500 of the state's most dan­ movements. An organization of activist at­ on the prison staff by militant inmates have gerous convicts. Inmates are shoehorned to­ torneys formed in 1936, the Guild has grown increased dramatically. And radical "prison­ gether as many as eight to a cell. Their days to 4000 members nationwide. In the past, it reform" groups have forced state corrections are spent aimlessly, wandering the corridors was a powerful force in the fight for black officials to relax discipline to the extent that of the four main cellblocks or basking in the civil rights in the deep South. However, in one inmate group has been permitted to hold sun of the exercise yard. They have only time the last decade the leadership has become military maneuvers togged out in combat on their hands-and nothing to do with it. increasingly radical, and today includes out­ boots and berets. Under such conditions, it is little wonder spoken revolutionaries. Its lawyers have fig­ Early last March, a letter intercepted by that San Quentin is the most violent institu­ ured prominently in prison disturbances California corrections investigators disclosed tion in the United States. La.st year, 54 "Q" from coast to coast. a chilling plot to free several of the state's inmates were stabbed. Narcotics there are In February 1971, the Guild's National most dangerous convicts. Terrorists of the almost as easy to come by as they are on the Executive Board received a staff report call­ Symbionese Liberation Army planned to hi­ street. Homosexual rape is a daily occur­ ing for the political organizing of inmates. ·jack a busload of schoolchildren who were rence. So, too, is revolution. The comic books "The prison work is crucial," said the report, dependents of guards at Folsom Prison. Until and girlie magazines once popular with con­ "for only lawyers have relatively free access the inmates were released, the letter made victs have long since been replaced by the to jails and penitentiaries. We must see that clear, the hostages were to be beheaded, one works of Marx and Mao, Che Guevara and access is used carefully . . . in providing a day. Strict new security provisions were im­ Eldridge Cleaver. San Quentin administrators legal support for prison militancy and or­ mediately enacted, and the plot failed. estimate that 85 percent of the magazines ganizing." A year later, one militant faction STATE OF SIEGE submitted a prison position report stating: and newspapers subscribed to by inmates ad­ "Prisoners are the revolutionary vanguard These shocking incidents al'.e typical of vocate revolution. In fear of provoking legal of our struggle. When prisoners come out, what is happening today in America's pris­ action, censors withhold only the most in­ they will lead us in the streets." ons. Indeed, extremists have been so suc­ flammatory literature. Yet what is denied One of the most radical Guild chapters in cessful in their 1;1.ssaults on our antiquated militants through mail inspection reaches the nation, with a membership of no fewer and unwieldy correctional system, and so ef- them by other means. than 600 practicing attorneys and legal as- 39968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 sistants, is loc.ated in San Francisco. While Fatemi, director of the Graduate Insti­ tion was already in full swing, the cost of liv­ Guild oftlcials deny any illegal activity, some tute of International Studies, at Fair­ ing having risen 21 percent in four years. evidence has appeared to the contrary. One And then the wheat deal with the Soviet reported example of the Guild's work; In leigh Dickinson University, which is lo­ Union not only deprived the United States of July 1973, Lee Arthur Smith, a recently pa­ cated in Teaneck, N.J. The paper is en­ a vital food reserve but caused the price of roled inmate at the California Men's Colony titled "The Economic Summit and the wheat to quadruple throughout the world. at San Luis Obispo, told a. Congressional Future," and was prepared by Mr. Fatemi 2. The wrong monetary remedy was ap­ committee, under oath, that he had been after he attended the recent Economic plied to fiscal policy. The purpose of the ordered by a fellow NLG organizer inside the Summit Conference in Washington. Federal Reserve Bank is to sustain a stable prison to assault a guard to gain attention In his paper, Mr. Fatemi offers many monetary system, beneficial to the economic for a. prisoners' strike. Indeed, he testified, perceptive observations and insights con­ development of the country and to the wel­ before the assault the planning for the strike fare of the people. During the past five years was submitted to outside NLG contacts who cerning the problems which plague our those who make our monetary policy have approved and set a. time and date. Badly economy. Copies of his comments already failed either to evaluate the situation cor­ beaten, the guard survived. have been sent to President Ford and rectly or to help the economy. Nor are radical lawyers the only organizers White House Economic Adviser William A part of the present "inflation, recession, of prison movements in the United States. Seidman, and today I would like to take and associated financial crises ls rooted in Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) this opportunity to share his remarks perverse monetary and fiscal policies. Mone­ has founded a splinter group specifically to with my colleagues. The paper follows: tary policy is good or bad depending on concentrate on politicizing inmates. Called whether or not the Federal Reserve Sys­ the Winter Soldier Organization, it recently THE ECONOMIC SUMMIT AND THE FUTURE tem uses its power with moderation; soundly, staged widespread demonstrations in support (By Nasrolla.h S. Fa.temi) sensibly, and in the public interest." of the Leavenworth inmates indicted as a re­ To find a solution to the present economic Since 1970 most of the monetary policies sult of the 1973 riots in which the guard was crisis-soaring inflation, serious recession, of the Federal Reserve System have been con­ killed. Then there is the National Prisoners' high interest rates, and productivity slump, fused, fluctuating, and political rather than Reform Association, based in Rhode Island we need major changes in the way in which economic in nature. They have resulted in which has managed to organize inmates i~ economic, monetary, and fiscal policies are financial disruption and an unprecedented nearly every New England penal institution. made in Washington. For three decades the rise in interest rates. In eight years we have From March through May 1973, the Associa­ policy makers in Washington have paid at­ had alternating cycles of too rapid and too tion's organizers simply took over Walpole tention only to the symptoms of economic slow monetary growth, resulting in financial Prison outside Boston. Inmates who refused problems while continuing policies and prac­ disintegration, sharp increases in interest to join in were stabbed and beaten. In the tices that have failed to alleviate the critical rates, drying up of long-term credit, and three months that the Association controlled situation. We have been bandaging wounds the collapse of the stock market. the institution, prison administrators re­ which need "radical surgery." From January 1967 to December 1968, and ported nearly 50 convicts were knifed or bad­ Real improvement-a stable, productive, from January to December 1972, the Federal ly beaten by Association thugs. prosperous economy-will elude us unless the Reserve System increased money supply faster FACING THE SHAME Administration and the Congress, manage­ than the Joint Economic Committee's 6 per­ ment, labor and consumers are willing to cent per year upper-limit guideline. In 1967, With the great majority of convicts in U.S. 1969, 1970, and 1973-4, money supply growth institutions due for parole in the next five recognize the causes of the present crisis and years, what can be done to counteract the meet the challenge with courage, boldness, was kept under 2 percent. Each money cycle revolutionary menace? At a minimum au­ creativity, and pragmatism. was accompanied by over-heating, high in­ thorities agree, progress must be made: and Basically the present situation was caused terest rates, financial crisis, and finally re­ soon, in the following three areas: by the belief both here and abroad that the cession. economic and financial resources of the Events of the last eight years suggest that At present, only a handful of penal institu­ there is a. great need for financial reform tions have investigators trained to recognize United States were inexhaustible. This no­ tion, shared and encouraged by successive and possibly for the accountability of the the activities of revolutionary organizers. Federal Reserve System to the House Bank­ Thus, prison officials are often unaware of post-war administrations, encouraged us to spend more than $250 billion on foreign and ing Committee. While the Federal Reserve what is going on until a prison erupts. The can directly control the reserve base with Law Enforcement Assistance Administration military expenditures, plus $150 billion on is currently spending $113 million to assist the longest and the second mo!St expensive some accuracy, it cannot evaluate or exert war in the history of the United States. direct guidance on the long-term economic states in running prison programs. Clearly, planning of the country. "In some ways, the some of these funds should be used to train Lack of attention to our fiscal and mone­ tary policy, and the belief that the country nation's economy can be viewed as a giant investigators. ocean liner and its policy instruments as Despite mounting evidence, state bar as­ can spend $400 billion on foreign wars and giveway projects without some control over controls. The controls are set broadly to sociations have refused to take disciplinary bring the ship to it.s destination and, though action against extremist attorneys. The wages, prices, interest, and credits, has pro­ duced in five years close to a $100 billion there may be adjustments for currents or' American Bar Association itself should storms, the course is not changed from hour lr,unch an immediate investigation of the budget deficit; an $80 billion deficit in bal­ ance of payments and, or the first time in to hour-nor is any captain foolish enough links between prison revolutionaries and to think that he can turn the ship around outside groups like the Guild. eighty years, a balance-of-trade deficit. As inflation, recession, and unemployment sharply, as if it were a speedboat." Future Finally, the public must be made to rec­ economic planning should not depend on a ognize the shame of its prisons. New prisons developed, immense effort was being spent on a deceptive public relations campaign to volatile interest rate policy. How can indus­ must be built, much smaller than current try, agriculture, and consumers fight infla­ institutions, where regular inmates can be convince the country that "the economic bliss of a generation of peace" was around tion, if the Federal Reserve in three years kept separate from violent offenders and allows a 300 percent increase in interest agitators. State and federal governments must the corner. Successive economic promises of the past five years have done nothing but rates? begin to make badly needed reforms in such Dr. Andrew Brimmer, a former member of areas as medical care, job-training, rehabili­ apply "time-frames" to ever-worsening domestic conditions. Scapegoats, domestic the Federal Reserve Board, has admitted that tation and work-release programs. This is the agency miscalculated economic trends in not a matter of coddling criminals. It is, in­ and foreign, have been sought, identified, and blamed, but inflationary and recession­ the country. Many participants at the Sum·· stead, the satisfaction of basic human needs. mit Economic conference conceded that there Time and again, warnings about the state ary drives have accelerated. Why? 1. Strong, steady, honest and courageous have been serious errors of judgment by the of our prisons have fallen on deaf ears. The Federal Reserve-errors that have created time to act is now, before it is too late. leadership was lacking in both the Johnson and Nixon Administrations. high interest rates, restricted economic This country needed effective wage, price, growth, and as a result have contributed to profit, interest, and credit controls in 1967. the present inflation. What the Federal Re­ serve directors have not contemplated is that THE ECONOMIC SUMMIT AND THE If, at that time, we had understood that it usually the high rates of interest are a sure FUTURE was impossible to spend $30 billion a year guarantee for continuing .'..nflation. on the war and continue business as usual, 3. Neither the Administration nor the Fed­ most of the present problems could have eral Reserve had a plan to cope with the sud­ been a.voided. It is tempting for some to den demand for American agricultural and HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI point out that Nixon's Wage and Price Con­ industrial goods all over the world. OF NEW JERSEY trol policy failed, forgetting that when it was Before 1967, there was a demand for Amer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES initiated in 1971, it was a case of too little ican food and industrial goods, but very few Friday, December 13, 1974 and too late. Controls cannot be effective if countries could afford them. The Vietnam profits, interest, credits, and commodities are War, the increase ln purchasing power of Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, today exempt from restraints. Furthermore, what the Western European countries, the Soviet I would like to share with my colleagues was the use of locking the barn door after Union and Japan created both inflation and a position paper prepared by Nasrollah S. the horse had been stolen? By 1971, inti.a- demand for raw materials. Many developing December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39969 nations seized on this opportunity to demand period, hourly pay has climbed even faster­ dence in the ability and integrity of the ad­ a fair price for their undervalued raw ma­ nearly 11 percent. All this bas been trans­ ministration. The new council on wage and terials. This process was intensified by the lated into higher labor costs. Labor costs per price stability and the commission on pro­ expansion of a consumer's market and by the unit of output in manufacturing have risen ductvlty must be strengthened and utilized. rapid depletion of basic raw materials. In nearly 11 percent since June, 1973. If we (5) Our export and import policies must be the short span of three years the price of want to succeed in our three-fold war, the re-examined. Included ln this evaluation gold, copper, cotton, rice, wheat, bauxite, sll· cooperation of labor in both planning and should be a review of policies toward invest­ ver, sugar, soybeans and petroleum was in­ increase in productivity is essential. ments by foreign corporations in the United creased by 200 percent and In some cases 400 6. Economic indicators at this juncture States and toward the operations of Amer­ percent. For the first time in history 500 mil· show that we have reached the peak of in­ ican-based multinational corporations and lion people from Indonesia to Venezuela flation. The gross national product, adjusted banks. In this new policy, we must coop­ have realized an annual income of $150 bil· for inflation, has dropped through the year erate with other nations in establishing, on lion. This sudden increase of affluence has 1974. During the summer there was a sub­ the one hand, principles of accountability created a great demand for American agri­ stantial decline in business inventory build· for multinational corporations and, on the cultural and industrial goods. ing, as we~l as a worsening of our foreign other hand, policies designed to protect their Unfortunately, even at this late date, the trade balance because we have not enough operations from arbitrary seizure or na­ President's advisers do not realize that they products to export at this time. During re­ tionalization by the host countries. are confronted not with one enemy but cent quarters businessmen have had much For many years I have advocated the es­ three: inflation, recession and a shortage of difficulty keeping inventories at desired lev­ tablishment of an international bank for all kinds of raw materials. As a result of this els. Shortages and bottlenecks have caused stabilization of the prices of raw materials three-fold problem, financial planning for stockbullding to drop far below intended and industrial goods. The future of the de­ the next five years must be designed not only levels. In the fourth quarter of last year, veloped and the developing nations depend to fight inflation but to ease credits and pro­ business inventories were rising at a $29 on a new program and pact based on mutual vide low interest rates for the expansion of billion annual rate. This growth declined to trust, mutual interest and a fair and stable American agricultural and industrial pro­ $13.5 billion by midyear; now it is down to price for both raw materials and industrial duction which will pay for the imports of $5.8 billion. Consumer spending picked up in products. The world is ready for a new but raw materials and meet domestic needs. Cuts the third quarter, but jobless and interest fair deal which would put an end to the ex­ in government spending-assuming they rate increases have undermined confidence ploitation of the developing nations and take place must come in the form of cutting in a rapid economic recovery. provide the developed nations with stable foreign aid and military expenditures abroad. Business spending . on new plants and prices for their raw materials. It is wrong to The rate of unemployment may or may not equipment fell last quarter. In real terms blame the oil producing countries for raising be affected by the public service employment the level of capital goods outlays is no higher the price of oil while in the United States program, depending on how it is funded. If today than it was a year ago. The big cor­ during the last 3 years the price of wheat has it is funded by diverting government expen­ porations concede that they need more cap­ gone up 300 percent, soybean 400 percent, ditures from other sectors, there will be little ital for expansion, but this will come only sugar 500 percent, cotton 300 percent, and net effect on the unemployment rate. In the when the interest rate drops to 7 or 8 per­ industrial goods 200 percent. long run, the solution to unemployment is cent. Several surveys of businessmen's cap­ Developing countries should be convinced expansion of production, increase in produc­ ital spending intentions show that for 1975 that they cannot exist without the tech­ tivity and competition in international American industrialists would like to spend nology, managerial skills, capital investment markets. from 10 to 15 percent more on new produc­ and agricultural and industrial products of The September labor force statistics are tive facilities. · the developed nations, and the developed na­ bleak: the last time 5.3 million people were The 1975 investment programs, aimed at tions must admit that without the coopera­ without work was sometime in 1941. Reflect­ correcting supply shortages in the basic tion of the developing nations and a sys­ ing the slump in housing, the jobless rate for material industries, should be encouraged, so tematic effort to bring together all the na­ construction workers is now the highest in that new capacity will develop steadily and, tions of the world in the search of solutions four years. As to the labor force in general, by restoring a better supply-demand balance, there could be no end to starvation, pov­ more people are working part-time involun­ help to bring down the artificially high prices erty, inflation, unemployment and recession. tarily than at anytime since early 1961. of many materials. This program can suc­ Therefore, I believe that the United States So far the suggestions, recommendations ceed if, at the same time that interest rates today is faced with the greatest challenge in and decisions made in Washington do not decline, agricultural production increases. the history of this nation. It is my earnest indicate that the administration has a plan It certainly will not be possible to solve hope that we can meet this great challenge to remedy the nation's financial maladies or present economic problems by adhering to with courage, confidence, humility and com­ to confront the greatest economic challenge the "old-time religion" or by retaining the passion. ever faced by this country. advisers who have been directly or indirectly 4. In the area of international trade and responsible for the present crisis. I respect­ investment, an exceptional transition is de­ fully recommend the following suggestions: PITY THE MAILMAN veloping in favor of the United States. Some (1) It ls essential that President Ford con­ of the changes in trade stem from major tinue his policy of consultation and establish currency realignments in developing nations a permanent economic planning committee which are in the market for cash purchase of composed of economists, businessmen, labor HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI American goods. and consumers. Their job should be to study OF ILLINO!S The volume of world trade increased by economic trends both at home and abroad IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some 12 percent between 1972 and 1973, com­ and prepare immediate and long-term plans pared with 9 percent in the previous year. for the President and the Congress. Friday, December 13, 1974 Since the middle of 1973, there has been a (2) There should be a full disclosure on Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we greater demand by the ~eveloping nations for economic policy making. The Federal Reserve enter into the Christmas season which agricultural and industrial goods, but a must coordinate its activity with the general also coincides with the advent of winter tapering of expansion in American industry economic planning approved by the Congress and agriculture has failed to satisfy the needs and executed by the President. It has to cease weather, we too often take for granted of the eager customers. As a result, limited 1ts up and down "rollercoaster" policy on the occupational hazards facing mailmen supplies in an expanding market have con­ money supply. The nation needs moderate as they cover their rr~ail routes. This tributed to the rise in prices. Very few people expansion of money supply, reasonable inter­ point is very effectively made in an edi­ have paid attention to the fact that the est rates, and stable long-term growth con­ torial of December 8, in the Homewood­ current high rate of interest, recession and sistent with the real economic expansion of Flossmoor Star Tribtme serving West limitations of supply have been the major the country. contributing factors to the upward pressure Cook County, Ill. on prices. (3) The establishment of a direct loan pro­ By working my way through college as 5. The Economic Summit meeting showed gram for housing should be accomplished a post office clerk-carrier, I can certainly that there can be many approaches to the through the establishment of a development attest to the practical emphasis of this problem of inflation. It is true that leader­ bank. The loans could be at low interest­ very timely editorial: ship and planning must come from the ad­ not to exceed the discount i·ate established [From the Homewood-Flossmoor (Ill.) Star­ ministration in Washington; however, the by the Federal Reserve. Tribune, Dec. 8, 1974] (4) Tax incentives for agricultural and in­ pri1ate sector can join In the fight too. One Winter has its own unique brand of beauty, important factor is productivity. According dustrial expansion should be carefully to be sure, but it also poses special problems to all data. available, in the key manufactur­ studied. The immediate removal of all eco­ for some people. ing sector, output per man-hour has not nomic laws which hinder industrial and agri­ Among those who are understandably ap­ risen at all for more than a year, while the cultural production is essential to the re­ prehensive about winter weather are individ­ cost of labor has risen 10 percent over the covery of the economy. Many of our prob­ uals with jobs that require them to get past 14 months. Although average hours lelll.$ can be traced to the crippling effects of around a great deal on foot, such as mailmen. worked have fallen one percent during this bureaucracy and diminished public con:fi- Snow and ice make their job more difficult. 39970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 Last winter, according to area U.S. Postal RICHARDSON REMARKS WERE solution was in the process of being for­ Service officials, a number of mailmm were PERCEPTIVE mulated. From the citizens' perspective, this injured, several seriously, in falls on 1cy or meant that, in spite of the change of leader­ snow-covered sidewalks. ship, the message still haid to be sent. And Failure to keep sidewalks and other ap­ HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN it was. proaches to homes and places of business The message was sent with sufficient force clear of such hazards can delay or even force OF MAINE to insure that it would be unmistakable. suspension of mail delivery for an indefinite IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And concerned Republicans are now-in one period. On rural mail routes, responsibility Friday, December 13, 197 4 way or another-offering prescriptions for for clearing the area around roadside mail­ party renewal. Some prescribe "comxnuni­ boxes rests with the boxholder, not the Postal Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, I would cation" campaigns aimed at imagined-but Service. Mailmen are not rquired to leave like to call the attention of my colleagues invisible-majorities. Others would formu­ their vehicles to make deliveries. to a very perceptive and lucid speech late a campaign based on running against the And now, with the holidays approaching, given recently before the Washington Congress. Some would-be healers prescribe the volume of mail arriving at post offices is a turn to the "right"; others prescribe a turn mounting daily. Keeping one's sidewalks free Press Club by Elliot L. Richardson. With to the "left." But turning left or right will of ice and snow will be a big help in getting customary acuity, Mr. Richardson has not effect a cure. Indeed, all such formula­ the mail delivered on time. Needless to say, located and defined a number of the tions are mistakenly conceived. One is re­ mailmen will be grateful for the favor. problems confronting our people and our minded of the physician in the cartoon who P.S.: So will the Star-Tribune carrier on Government and, in the process, I be­ prescribes: "Take one of these every four the route! lieve, has suggested remedies that de­ hours. If pain persists, see another doctor." serve the most serious consideration. And one wonders: Can the patient survive Because I know my colleagues will be another dose of ill-conceived advice? PRICE-ANDER.SON ACT SHOULD BE interested in Mr. Richardson's remarks, What voters want is performance. And-in accord with the axiom of retrospective ac­ EXTENDED FOR SHORT PHASE­ I insert a copy of his speech in the countability-what voters will judge is per­ OUT PERIOD RECORD at this point: formance. The single most important variable RESTORING THE HEALTH OF THE REPUBLICAN affecting the health of the Republican party HON. TENO RONCALIO PARTY in 1976-the most important by far-is not (By Elliot Richardson) likely to be talk of "le·ft" or "right" or OF WYOMING Surely all would-be Republican party "middle" or e·ven "old this" or "new that." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES healers must at least agree on this: that, to The most important variable affecting the Friday, December 13, 1974 put it euphemistically, the "New Republican health of the Republican party is, to put the Majority" must have fallen ill on the way matter directly, the performance of the in­ Mr. RONCALIO of Wyoming. Mr. to the polls; clearly the patient-party is cumbent Republican President. Speaker, I hope that upon our return not well. If there remains a political physi­ But having identified the key to recovery, next month we will lose no time in the cian who is as yet unsure on this point, it one cannot leap to a favorable prognosis. must be for failure to have made a House For the President, these are-for any Presi­ drafting and passage of Price-Anderson dent these would be-very difficult times in extension and revision permitting the in­ call. Men of sober intelligence and concern can no longer pretend that there is serious which to perform well. It may be useful, how­ surance industry to organize effective and question as to the illness; the question now ever, to attempt to be clear about where needed total coverage for all liabilities in­ is as to the means to restore health. the most significant difficulty does and does cident to the construction and operation Practitioners of politics-if not their not lie. of nuclear electric stations. academic observers-know well that politics Current fashion notwithstanding, it can­ I regret that President Ford saw fit to is not yet a science. Diagnosis and prescrip­ not in fairness be argued-at least not at this veto the Price-Anderson Act passed last tion are typically risky and frequently stage-that the principal difficulty lies in the specious. But there is, nonetheless, an axiom written Constitution, habitual practice, prac­ month by the Congress. In my opinion, tical necessity, and public expectation render it was a satisfactory fusion of the inter­ here or there which provides useful guidance. One such is simply this: In general, elections inescapable the conclusion that the execu­ ests of those who wanted a 20-year ex­ reflect a look backward not forward. This is tive branch must be held primarily account­ tension and the modern view of, in my in some respects an unfortunate rule. It leads able for leadership in policy formulation. opinion, the larger majority of the Amer­ to what I often term "Maginot line" habits Only if the public is first convinced thaJt the ican people that felt it was mandatory of would-be leadership-excessive attention executive has managed this responsibility that the nuclear industry must insure it­ to realities which have been overtaken by well, can the issue of Congressional respon­ self if it is to be believed that it is now events. But it does at least provide a desirable siveness be joined. And even if Congressional safe enough to carry on into the nuclear incentive to incumbents: It suggests that responsiveness is viewed as problematical, the electric power expansion age. they-or their party-will, in fact, be held fact remains that the President enjoys a vast accountable politically for their stewardship. freedom of action which is largely independ­ I happen to believe that we have no This simple-and largely reassuring-ax­ ent of the Congress. This is true to a very route to go but to encourage nuclear iom of political accquntability was exhibited considerable extent in the exercise of initia­ power generation. I have defended it in dramatically in the recent Congressional elec­ tive across the board through the power of all groups, including sessions of as many tions. As most analysts agree, the elections appointment; in integra.tive policy formula­ as a thousand of Ralph Nader's critical were a retrospective judgment upon the qual­ tion and management through the legitimate mass 1974 nuclear moratorium advocates. ity of Presidential management. They were a coordinative activities of the White House I believe nuclear power generation is vote on Presidential management of Water­ staff; in regulatory a.nd administrative pol­ gate and of the national economy-and here icymaking domestically through Cabinet safe, is acceptable, and should be con­ there is disagreement only as to the propor­ agencies; and in the management of foreign tinued. But it will need, in my opinion, a tional role of each. policy generally. The much-discussed "Im­ responsible Price-Anderson extension for Of course it was unfair, by and large, to perial Presidency" was hardly intended as a the interim period so that the private hold Congressmen accountable for Presiden­ reference merely to such symbols of power sector of insurance companies can begin tial management. But the Congressional elec­ as the epaulets of White House policemen. coverage of pooled liability as for air­ tions were the only available opportunity for The "Imperial Presidency" involved much a referendum on the Presidency-a referen­ actual, as well as symbolic, power. And al­ craft and fields where an occasional ac­ dum which a concerned electorate under­ though there have been some dramatic sym­ cident results in catastrophic damage standably did not wish to postpone for two bolic changes of late, there remains the fact and loss. years. The Congressional elections were a of continuing, vast, real Presidential power. Nuclear power generation has an un­ means of sending Washington a message­ This would be the case even after a sensible surpassable safety record, and the Gov­ the only available electoral means, in fact. readjustment of the Executive-Legislative It was unfair, similarly, to hold President balance. ernment, by serving as guarantor for Ford accountable for the actions of his pred­ The President's difficulty does not derive only a few more years will enable the ecessor. On the other hand, President Ford from a lack of adequate power. Rather, it energy companies, both public and pri­ in his first ninety days had not fully suc­ derives from the complexity of the substan­ vate, to complete the funding for their ceeded in giving the public confidence that tive problems to which the power must, in own insurance reserves, at which point he had no need of an electoral message. With one way or another, be applied. the Government coverage will expire. regard to Watergate, the timing of the par­ Among these complex substantive prob­ don was disconcerting. With regard to the lems, I would include the following five as It is my hope that the Joint Commit­ economy, the summit did serve to suggest a. especially important-and especially dif­ tee on Atomic Energy will lose no time healthy new openness; but it heightened at­ ficult. I enumerate them without intending with the introduction of this legislation tention to problems without providing any to suggest a priority among them; they are at the outset of the 94th Congress. assurance that a coherent approach to their themselves interrelated. December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39971 A first---and certainly, to tome, most obvi­ This is perhaps the least obvious of the prob­ have suggested, a phenomenon largely inde­ ous-problem is the problem of the economy lems here discussed. But it ls fundamental, pendent of general domestic demand policies. in an increasingly interdependent world. I nonetheless. For if we cannot comprehend About sixty percent of the current inflation, shall return to this shortly. reality, we can hardly expect to govern it-­ it is estimated, can be accounted for by two A second is the problem of foreign policy or ourselves-in a manner that would serve special international supply problems-food in a world of rapidly changing realities. It is us well. Yet complexity may be outpacing the and fuel. An anti-ir:flation strategy, then, a world of decreasingly tense "super-power" growth in our capacities o! comprehension. mu1t focus specifically on these. For the long relations-in large measure because of the It is growing exponentially-as a multiplier tt."nl, it must be oriented toward expansion progress in strategic arms limitation man­ of population and economic growth. Systems of supply. For the middle and long term, it aged by Presidents Nixon and Ford. But it is grow upon systems. The simplest of inter­ must-through foreign policy-develop more also a world of increasingly fluid pragmatic ventions have complex-and often unantici­ stable arrangements for the international alignments; a world of increasingly wide pated-effects. Getting from point A to point distribution of keJ commodities. For the im­ rich-poor disparities; a world in which the B, for all our technological advance, in many mediate term, the most sensible available calculus of power is increasingly complicated respects grows more difficult. ac;.aptation-given that supply cannot be by the rising potential of economic weaponry, But however we may yearn for a lost promptly expanded-is a specifically focused nuclear proliferation and terrorist blackmail; simplicity, these are not the times for the adjustment of demand. The obviously pref­ a world in which the elements of this cal­ Great Simplifier. Complex problems under­ erable specific focus for adjustment of de­ culus. extend increasingly beyond the tradi­ standing and, typically, complex solutions­ mand is automobile fuel. This focused ad­ tional narrow range of international actors. soh1tions which are comprehensive in scope justment of demand might best be effected It is a world in which problems, by virtue of and strategic in their formulation and ar­ through a gasoline tax or through a tax on their increasing complexity, lend themselves ticulation. This is true not only for the prob­ high-consumption automobiles. And because less and less well to intermittent, ad hoc lems identified here, but for virtually the tax might fall inequitably upon the poor, crisis or summit intervention-a world in every significant problem facing our coun­ it ought tv be linked with tax and welfare which the need for improved, ongoing in­ try today. It is true, in part, because of the reform-with the "income strategy" which stitutional problem-solving mechanisms inherent nature of modem problems­ has regr~ttably dropped from vi-ew since grows increasingly apparent. problems of many interconnected variables. 1972 A third problem is the problem of equal­ It is true the more because people sense this A first---and certainly, to some, most obvi­ ity-or at least some greater degree of fair­ interconnectedness and wish clearly to low. It is a time for clear, strategic policy: ness-in a world of increasingly limited re­ understand it in order to have confidence in To counter inflation, a specifically tailored sources. Neither at home nor abroad have we the relevance and appropriateness of what­ supply policy; to counter recession, conven­ learned to manage either the ethical or the ever actions are demanded. Without a sense tional counter-cyclical fiscal and monetary practical issues of the distribution of re­ of strategic confidence, an increasingly so­ policy; to counter inequity, a tax and welfare sources. As population grows. as expectations phisticated public will, at best, remain reforn-. policy. This is not a time for Iaundry­ rise, as disparities in the distribution of re­ skeptical. list solutions. sources become more evident, as economic de­ It is a curim s fact that one unintended The American people are more than ready velopment is limited by ecological concern consequence of Watergate seems to have fo: sophisticated approaches to problem­ and practical necessity, the distributional been the loss of a sense of strategic compre­ solving. Too often it has been assumed that issues become more difficult. The temptation hensiveness in our approach to major prob­ the people are of lesser quality than, in fact, is to put them aside. Yet if we do not soon lems. Strategic thinking was a special they are. Their sophistica.tion and maturity develop a humane and orderly set of policies strengt h of Richard Nixon's. In his first were consistently underrated in the course to cope with inequity, we will surely be led term-until the election campaign of 1972~ of Watergate. It would be a mistake to under- to the more painful order which emerges out he was remarkable for his appreciation of rate the people again. · of violent illsta.bility. changing realities and for his formulation of Confidence in t.he economy is dangerously A fourth problem-less obvious, perhaps­ strategies which were both adaptive and has to a considerable extent been restored. is the problem of continuity in a. world of creative. In foreign policy, this was reflected But the problem of confidence in the capacity increasingly rapid "post-industrial" change. in the Nixon doctrine and in the "linkage" of government remains to be addressed. It ls the problem of preserving the best of our policies toward the Soviet Union and People will respond favorably if complex humanistic traditions in the face of the China. In domestic policy, it was reflected in realities are met with clear, conscious, co­ "dehumanizing" pressures of industrializa­ his early formulation of the "income herent, and comprehensive strategies. But if tion, bureaucratization, "bigness," institu­ strategy" and the "New Federalism." not, the people will surely send another tional heavy-handedness, depersonalization. Realities have, of course, changed since the message. Without serious attention to continuity-to first Nixon term. And, though we need For Republicans, the message of the mo­ especially a sense of coherent and well-con­ a selective conservatism in the context of ment is simply this: If the health of the necessary change-we will only feel the more sidered strategy, we seem, rather, to be en­ party is to be restored, the health o:f the a sense of alienation, of purposelessness, of gaged in occasional struggles to catch up­ nation must be restored. · community lost. piecemeal. I doubt this will do. In this respect, I might note that the habits In another context, I might elaborate with of the "news" media are to some extent both reference to each of the problem areas I have a symptom and a cause of discontinuity. We touched on. Here I shall touch briefly on IN'DEPENDENT AMERICAN FILM are supersaturated wit h information which is only the most topical of these problems; the typically provided without an integrative economy. INSTITUTE framework or perspective-provided, rather, As it has now become commonplace to ob­ · as a form of distractive entertainment. Our serve, we are experiencing an odd-to many, HON. ALPHONZO BELL sense of proportion is lost. Investigative jour­ a baffiing--eombination of inflation and re­ nalists are our new historians. cession. The bamement, as far as I am able OF CALIFORNIA Television anchormen are our historical to discern, derives primarily from a con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dramatists. Indeed, the continued applica­ ceptual failure to distinguish demand prob­ Friday, December 13 ,. 1974 tion of the anachronistic labels "liberal" and lems from supply problems and domestic "c0nservative"-the misguided focus on problems from international problems. The Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, representing a turnings "left" or "right"' which earlier I fundamental reality not yet fully appre­ district and constituency that are de­ lamented-is but a symptom of the extent to ciated is that the current inflation prob­ pendent on the film industry, I strongly which a proper sense of history and propor­ lem is in its origin largely a special supply believe in the intent and purpose of this tion is removed from "coverage" of the news. problem, not a general demand problem, and bill-the creation of an independent The issues which once divided so-called "lib­ largely international, not domestic. In­ erals" and "conservatives" have been largely flation in its present form, therefore, is not American Film Institute to be under the overtaken by events. So far as they remain, properly subject to treatment through con­ direction of a board of trustee3 made they are now largely secondary to emergent ventional fiscal and monetary policies­ up of representatives from the Federal issues, for example, of confidence in our in­ these are better suited for ·treatment of ag­ legislative and executive branches of stitutions, of rights to privacy, of respect gregate domestic demand problems. Government and the private sector. for the individual in an increasingly homog­ It is, of course, true that the inflation we Although the youngest of arts, film has enized society-issues for which the old are now experiencing was generated in part become the most popular and important divisive labels are neither appropriate nor by fiscal and monetary policy-by excessive medium of today-not only in this coun­ helpful. It is hardly a constructive approach deficit financing in the period of the Viet­ to the building of contin1ity when our po­ nam war and by expansionary monetary try. but also throughout the world. litical narrators-and, indeed, our political policy particularly as late as 1972. But since We, in America, have substantially actors-are made to seem (or make them­ 1972, , monetary policy has been anti­ and uniquely contributed to this valuable selves seem) like new dummies mouthing infiationary, And, as the current recession art form, and the time has come for the the lines of old ventriloquists. would suggest, conventional counter-cycli­ Federal Government to grant film its A fifth problem is the problem of intelligi­ cal policy can still affect demand. place among the great art ·forms of the bilit y in the face of increasing complexity. That inflation persists, however, is, as I world. 39972 EXTENSIONS OF IIBMARKS December 14, 1974 The American Film Institute would be An musion is also being perpetrated that IT IS TIME TO CUT TAXES responsible for preserving, expanding, the budget can be significantly cut when recognizing, and developing films and prices jump by over 10 per cent a year. Merely programs of film study. to maintain existing programs will cost about HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN $30 billion more. OF ILLINOIS Since its establishment in 1967, the Our Treasury people have not discovered institute has preserved over 12,000 films, that prices fell in the early Roosevelt years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES established a Center for Advanced Film despite huge 50 percent deficits. Flaying Gov­ Friday, December 13, 197 4 Studies in Los Angeles, and opened the ernment largesse makes virtuous polltical American Film Institute Theatre in the copy, but budget-balancing will not end the Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, Mr. John F. Kennedy Center for the Per­ modern inti.a tion. Robert A. Mundell, a Canadian econo­ forming Arts. Beyond these conceptual confusions at the mist, believes inflation and unemploy­ Treasury, any appraisal of current Adminis­ ment are separate problems. In order to Such a firm commitment reestablishes tration policy must conclude that it is madly the fact that, as an independent agency, curtail these problems, we must enforce inept: production falling, unemployment ris­ tight money and a $30 billion tax cut. the American Film Institute will prosper ing, prices surging. The Administration has and greatly contribute to the global gone far to make it the worst of times. For my colleagues' information, I wish cultural community. There is a claim that we must deflate-that to insert the following Wall Street Jour­ In urging my colleagues to accept this we must tighten money and cut expenditures nal article which further explains Pro­ measure, I would like to quote a close to compress inflation. There is the shallow fessor Mundell's prescription to beat in­ friend and former constituent, Mr. pretense that inflation, and the Administra­ flation and unempioyment: Charlton Heston, actor and present tion's pseudo-remedies, began yesterday IT Is TIME To CUT TAXES rather than five years ago. (By Jude Wanniski) chairman of the American Film Insti­ Can unemployment and falling production tute: whip inflation? Hitherto, we have been taught Robert A. Mundell, a Canadian econo­ We have only begun to see what film can that to subdue inflation requires more pro­ mist now at Columbia University, does not do to enrich the lives and expand the oppor­ duction. It is a callous policy farce to throw believe the United States can Whip Infla· tunities for the American people ... all the people out of work wittingly, and slow pro­ tion Now and climb out of the deepening people. It will write the poetry of our time, duction, in order to hire them back at a recession by harking to either the classical and build bridges for us as well, to all the later date to speed output. e<:onomic advice of tight money and bal­ world. Destroy-to-revise is a warped caricature of anced budgets or to the neo-Keynesian nos­ economic doctrine and strategy. Our housing trum of easier money, public-service em­ deficiencies, the appalling state of our cities, ployment and wage-and-price controls. DESTROY-TO-REVIVE FANTASY and our woeful public transportation hardly The correct prescription, says Profes­ signal a lack of useful work to perform. sor Mundell, is & $30 billion tax cut and If high-level employment and output are the temporary halting of open-market op­ desirable next spring or next fall, why not erations by the Federal Reserve to assure HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN now? Why are they meritorious for the future monetary restraint. OF NEW YORK and an extravagance now? Furthermore, asserts the placid profes­ sor, whose voice in conversations rarely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The conventional rationalization of this absurd exercise in economic yoyoism is that rises above a whisper-if this medicine is Friday, December 13, 1974 it will stop inflation. By keeping money tight, not taken soon, there will be by mid-1975 creating a recession, and extending human more than seven million or even eight mil­ Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, The misery, inflation is supposed to fade away. lion Americans unemployed, an inflation Nation bears the dual burdens of infla­ To prevent the infiation evil, we must inject rate perhaps double the consensus predic­ tion and recession. Prices continue to rise the unemployment and lost-production virus. tion of 7% per annum, and a huge budget at record rates and it is estimated that It may yet dawn on the Administration, as deficit arising from the recession-level tax unemployment may pass 8 percent next well as the Democratic majorities in Congress, revenues and widespread company and that regardless of the employment-unem­ household bankruptcies. summer. Professor Mundell's prescription is ob­ In the face of this economic chaos, ployment level, inflation becomes inevitable so long as money incomes per employe mount viously not part of mainstream thinking ln President Ford seeks to press · on the faster than production. the United States, but it bears considera­ country half-baked remedies left over Over the last year productivity has been tion for no other reason than the 42-year­ from the administration of Richard Nix­ falling by about 3 percent. Employe com­ old Canadian's standing and reputation on and Herbert Hoover. I commend to pensation has advanced by about 11 percent. among lnterna.tional economists. "He's the my colleagues the article by Sidney E. How money income per employe-wages, most creative, innovative international Weintraub, a University of Pennsylvania salaries, interest, rents, dividends-can climb economist I know of," says Harold B. Van with productivity dropping, without the dif­ Cleveland, vice president and economist at professor, who offers some provocative ference erupting in inflation, is the supreme First National City Bank. Sir Roy Harrod, thoughts about, in his words, the Presi­ economic feat on which silence reigns, by J. M. Keynes' biographer has toasted him dent's "destroy-to-revive" economic pol­ the Administration, Congress, labor unions, as one of the "greatest economists in the icy. While we may not agree with all that and advocates of tight money hocus-pocus as world." And Lord Robbins, chairman of the Professor Weintraub says, his ideas are an inflation weapon. court of governors of the London School useful because they break with the past Increases in employe money incomes along of Economics, said of him at the Bologna and offer new approaches to the problems with declining labor productivity promise to conference on global inflation in 1971: perpetuate double-digit inflation. What "Bob-and here I lay down a sociological we face. monetary policy can do about it, besides law-is seldom wrong. And even when you The article follows: creating unemployment and inviting a de­ disagree with him, you must disagree with THE DESTROY-TO-REVIVE ECONOMIC FANTASY pression tailspin, is dubious. your hat in the hand." (By Sidney E. Weintraub) If the Federal Reserve could prevent infla­ The heart of the current problem, Mr. tion it would long ago have succeeded, with Mundell believes, lies in the international PHILADELPHIA.-The Democratic party arena. Inflation is, and has been for sev­ can forget Herbe.rt Hoover: President Ford the authorities grabbing off the kudos. The last six years provide cumulating evi­ eral years, a global phenomenon. The col­ promises a fresher identification with eco­ lapse of discipline of the balance of pay­ nomic shambles. With a crumbling economy, dence that monetary policy can destroy the housing industry and lift unemployment ments has unleashed a wave of inflation on Prosperity Around the Corner buttons may the world. He believes that the eventual so­ yet replace WIN. without ushering in stable prices. What failed for Richard M. Nixon will not WIN for Presi­ lution must involve not only control of the Economic discussion has become spurious, dent Ford despite the learn-nothing ideology dollar supply produced in the United with an eerie air of history repeating itself. of Secretary Simoh. States, but regulation of the Eurodollar A half century ago, the British "Treasury Restoring the economy will require modera­ market, the restabilization of gold and a view" held that Government borrowing tion in money-income expansion, involving return to the fixed system. With Professor would siphon off funds destined for private a new look at incomes policy covering wages, Arthur B. Laffer of the University of Chi­ enterprise, as if the moneys came from a stag­ salaries and executive pay, as well as a tax cago, he has worked out an economic model to deal with this problem. nant pool. cut and monetary easing at the Federal To deal with the immediate crisis of si­ Secretary of the Treasury William E. Simon Reserve. multaneous inflation and recession, has exhumed this myth, elevating it as a pro­ Should we not consider a handout to the though, Professor Mundell departs from found insight. What has not been explained is auto industry? This may be cheaper than to the traditional belief that monetary and how more savings can enter the capital mar­ watch it delay before building more func­ fiscal policies should always be working in kets when incomes, the source of savings, are tional vehicles. While Detroit writhes, the the same direction. He believes that infla­ vanishing through unemployment. economy suffers. tion and unemployment are separable December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39973 problems and that to combat them distinct always considered it inflationary,'' he says. present there is no control of international policy instruments are required. He be­ "They negl~~t the financing side, aggregate reserves and even the value of gold gets in­ lieves that tight money should be used to supply and inventory effects. dexed with inflation. "Inflation itself breeds combat the inflation, while expansive fis­ "The classical economists are only con­ even more money which in turn breeds more cal policies-preferably through lower tax­ cerned about the 'crowding-out' effect," by inflation." There was self-correction to an es-can be used to combat the recession in which he means the effect of deficit financ­ economic slump during the days of the gold­ a way that also works against inflation. ing on the private capital markets, i.e., gov­ exchange standard, when deflation raised the A CAUSE OF INFLATION ernment financing needs crowd out private purchasing power of gold, and self-correction borrowing that would otherwise go into cap­ to infiation when infiation reduced gold's He argues that monetary expansion no purchasing power. There is none of this to­ longer works as a means of stimulating ital expansion. "Both of these extreme views do not see that there is a middle position." day in a world of floating exchange rates, he production; it simply causes inflation. To says. The nation's economic problems feed some degree and for short periods it may A tax cut not only increases demand, but increases the incentive to produce. "The on themselves. have been a reasonably good anti-cyclical "They feed on themselves through the ef­ weapon during the best years of the Bret­ government budget recycles tax dollars into the spending stream through expenditures, fects of inflation on the progressive income­ ton Woods system. But now, in the regime tax schedules and through the negative mul­ of floating exchange rates, monetary stim­ but in so doing it reduces the incentive to produce and lowers total production. After tiplier effects thus generated," says Professor ulation by the Fed not only increases wage Mundell. "They feed on themselves through demands, but is immediately perceived by all, if total taxes and expenditures become confiscatory, all economic activity will cease the ever-increasing percentage increases in the foreign-exchange markets, causing de­ wages needed to maintain workers' purchas­ preciation of the dollar and an automatic and the government tax bite would be 100 % of nothing." With lower taxes, it is more at­ ing power. And they feed on themselves increase in the price of imports. This through the international escalation of world raises costs and aggravates inflation di­ tractive to invest and more attractive to work; demand is increased but so is supply. money supplies that has taken place since rectly. It also raises wages and th us the breakdown of the gold-exchange stand­ quickly shows up in the Cost of Liv1ng So too with the "crowding-out" effect, an argument against tax cuts that was popular ard. The $30 billion tax cut is needed im­ Index. mediately to arrest the world slump, and if To eliminate at least this cause of infla­ in the 1920s. The government sale of bonds to finance a tax cut indeed crowds private it is delayed by even one month, the figure tion, he says the Fed should temporarily required will be higher." halt open-market purchases of government borrowers out of the capital market. This securities, the traditional means through is only one effect, he says. Four other things which it increases the basic money supply. occur. Because capital and labor are the The thrust of demand expansion must main recipients of the proceeds of the gov­ come from fiscal stimuli, and when the ernment bond sale that finances the tax WCBS-TV SUPPORTS CALL FOR BI- U.S. economy responds to that stimulus, cut, they are in effect receiving as a gift $30 LINGUAL EDUCATION HEAR- growth in the real money supply can come billion they would otherwise have to borrow. INGS about through a resumption in open-mar­ In this sense, they are happily crowded out ket purchases. At the same time, the re­ of the credit market. viving U.S. economy would draw money Secondly, the finance required for the tax HON. HE.KMAN BADILLO from Europe and the Middle East and thus cut would be less than what would be needed OF NEW YORK protect the U.S. balance of payments. if the recession is allowed to deepen. Third, Something else would occur as the econo­ Professor Mundell believes the size of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES my's growth responds to the fiscal stimu­ credit pool would automatically expand as Friday, December 13, 1974 lus while monetary growth is checked. The the prospect of real economic growth en­ dollar would appreciate against foreign gendered by the tax cut allows a recovery of Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, a few currencies, which means the U.S. would real savings. That is, dollar holders will have weeks ago I requested authorization for then be able to buy a greater share of the a higher incentive to invest in capital goods oversight hearings by the General Educa­ world's goods and services with the same the larger and more rapid is the recovery from tion Subcommittee of the Education and number of dollars the recession. The fourth effect is that the Labor Committee into allegations by Al­ Real economic growth would be stimu­ bond-sale method of financing the tax cut bert Shanker, president of the United lated by the big tax cut on both personal will draw money from abroad. Federation of Teachers in New York City, and corporate incomes. He would adjust HELPING CAPITAL FLOWS income-tax brackets across the board and of widespread abuse in the city's bi­ The international effects of a tax cut are lingual education programs. index them to correct for future inflation, particularly important, he asserts. With an­ as is now the practice in Canada, and he Mr. Shanker charged in a New York would get the corporate tax bite down nouncement of a major tax cut, the capital Times article that unqualified teachers closer to Canada's 40%. market would instantly perceive that it is more profitable to do business in the United are being hired for the program, that "The level of U.S. taxes has become a drag States than the rest of the world. Capital children are being enrolled in bilingual on economic growth in the United States,'' that is now flowing out would remain; foreign classes whether they need such instruc­ he says. "The national ec0nomy is being capital going elsewhere would come in. The choked by taxes-asphyxiated. Taxes have tion or not and against their parents' increased real economic growth would mean wishes, and that bilingual programs are increased even while output has fallen, be­ the U.S. would run a sizable trade deficit as cause of the inflation. The unemployment the U.S. would keep more of what it produces replacing other specialized educational has created vast segments of excess capacity and buy more goods from abroad. Offsetting offerings in some schools. greater than the size of the entire Belgian this in the short run would be an inventory Shanker's charges are so serious as to economy. If you could put the sub-economy effect caused by tighter monetary conditions; threaten to undermine public support for to work, you would not only eliminate the the expectation of slower inflation would this necessary educational effort, and I social and economic costs of unemployment, cause a reduction in optimal inventory levels. am convinced that hearings must be held you would increase aggregate supply suffi­ There would be balance-of-payments ciently to reduce inflation. It is simply ab­ at the earliest possible date to provide a equilibrium, he says, because the capital forum for the airing of these charges. If surd to argue that increasing 11.nemployment flows would cover any residual trade deficit will stop inflation. To stop inflation you until market opportunities were arbitrated such allegations are indeed found to be need more goods, not less." worldwide. The U.S. tax cut would help to true, then we must immediately correct As it is, he believes U.S. policymakers are pull the whole industrial world out of its any practices not in accord with the in­ unwittingly creating a larger sub-economy slump, he maintains. tent of Congress in providing Federal of the unemployed guaranteed to reduce ag­ In a real sense, he sees the $30 billion tax support for . bilingual education. If the gregate supply, and thereby aggravate in­ cut as a future public's investment in the flation. A $30 billion tax cut implies a large charges are not verifiable, then they must current private, productive sector of the be discontinued so that this important initial federal deficit. But if taxes are not economy that is now unutillzed. He argues cut now, the size of the unemployed sub­ program to help children of limited Eng­ that the unemployed sub-economy would re­ lish-speaking ability may proceed with economy will expand. Tax revenues of state, spond not only by producing goods and serv­ local and federal governments will decline. full impact and with the widespread pub­ At the same time their outlays for unemploy­ ices sufficient to repay the bonds, but would meanwhile sustain itself with output and lic support it deserves. ment relief and welfare will expand. Com­ Mr. Speaker, we have been clearly put bined government deficits might even exceed would not have to be carried by the govern­ the amount implied by a tax cut. But what's ment dole. Six months from now, perhaps $30 on notice that abuses may exist in a pro­ worse, the nation would be no closer to turn­ billion of that potential output will have gram that the Congress extended and ing the economy around. been irretrievably lost and the economy will funded this year. Our responsibility to He disagrees with both the Keynesians and be in much worse shape than it is right now. ascertain the facts is clear, and I be­ the classical economists on 'the economic As he sees it, there is not now any self­ lieve that we must move quickly to dispel effects of a tax cut. "The Keynesians only corrective economic force acting to puil the any unwarranted suspicions or, alternate­ look at its effect on demand and have economy out of its infiationary nosedive. At ly, to make whatever improvements we 39974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 might find necessary in the interest of storms have caused destruction of telephone Western Electric efficiency in a survey report the best education for youngsters in the lines, so hook-ups may be in part along a. involving a telephone rate inquiry. Maybe schools of New York City. barbed wire fence. Most of these _archaic sys­ it's time for Congress to step in and call a tems are in small towns of 5,000 or less popu­ halt to Ma ~u·s proposed dismantling. I am pleased to be joined in this en­ lation. deavor by the editorial director of WCBS­ American Telephone and Telegraph Co., TV in New York City who has seconded affectionately known as Ma Bell, put together my request for hearings. The text of the a network of the larger telephone companies WI'.l'H CHARITY FOR FEW editorial follows: in some states and in some cases included BILINGUAL BATTLE several states in its effort to provide a better service. (Presented by Peter Kohler) Ma Bell provided a uniform system of its HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN There is a lot of controversy a.nd confu­ subsidiaries, maintained that system through OF NEW YORK s1on surrounding the idea of bilingual educa­ a competent repair service, operated Western tion. Electric Co. as its manufacturing arm to IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Basically, the idea is to help children over­ provide its main source of equipment at Friday, December 13, 1974 come language barriers. If a child can't un­ reasonable prices, and created Bell Telephone derstand English, bilingual education teaches Laboratories to develop the most modern and Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I com­ him some subjects in the J,.anguage he under­ sophisticated equipment possible. mend to the attention of my colleagues stands, be it Spanish, Chinese, or Greek. At The success of Ma Bell has made this coun­ a column by Anthony Lewis on the the same time, though, bilingual education try's telephone service the best in the world. catch-22 aspects of President Ford's am­ must mean teaching the child English, the Either by dialing or the more modern Touch­ nesty plan. Mr. Lewis describes with in­ language you must speak and understand to tone, a telephone user can reach points all sight and eloquence the unfair, discrim­ function in America. over the world in less time than it used to Some people fear, though, that bilingual take to give a central operator a number and inatory and, indeed, cruelly absurd situ­ programs will neglect English instruction, then be connected to a local call. ation confronting Vietnam deserters and and become a divisive force. These fears were The penalty for success in providing sub­ draft evader~ under the President's ill­ hightended by Albert Shanker, president of scribers with the best telephonic communi­ conceived plan. The American Federation of Teachers. Re­ cation is the attempt by the U.S. attorney The column, which appeared in the cently, Mr. Shanker charged that bilingual general's office to file an anti-trust suit which New York Times on December 12, 1974, programs in New York City were hiring teach­ seeks divestiture by Ma Bell of its Western follows: ers who could speak little or no English at Electric affiliate and possibly breaking up all. And he also suggested that non-hispanic the manufacturing arm into two companies, 'WITH CHARITY FOR FEW teachers who were well qualified were losing splitting off the Long Lines Department, (By Anthony Lewis) their jobs to less qualified hispanic teachers. and opens the door for seeking to have Bell WASHINGTON-Joe Smith avoided the draft The Shanker charges brought an anrgy re­ Labs become a separate corporate entity. during the Vietnam war but does not know ply from New York City Congressman Her­ Though the case may not come to trial whether he technically broke the law or, if man Badillo, who called the statements in­ for five years, the first effect of the legal he Jld, whether the Government has any flammatory and unfounded. acti::m was Ma Bell's cancellation of a $600 case agains"; him. He is living a quiet life in We agree with Congressman Badillo that million bond offering last week with the Indiana now, but he worries that some day the charges may have raised unnecessary funds scheduled fo be part of a $10 billion he could be prosecuted. If he does face that, fears, because Mr. Shanker failed to docu­ expendltur~ next year for further improve­ he might rather take up President Ford's ment his statements. But the issues Mr. ment of its system. clemency program. So he decides to ask the Shanker raised are serious indeed. At a time wheL. hundreds of thousands Justice Department what his status is. The whole idea behind bilingual education are out of work because of the recession The department finds that he was never would be violated if teachers in the program or strikes, the federal government steps in indicted or made the subject of an active could not speak English. And while bilingual with an anti-trust suit to halt the efforts investigation. But having been alerted by programs provide a good opportunity to hire of Ma Bell to provide work for thousands of Joe Smith's questfon, it looks into his rec­ teachers from hispanlc backgrounds and people. ord at Selective Service. If the investigation other ethnic groups, bilingual teachers With inflation driving prices up, the gov­ turns up a case now, the department will should be hired on the basis of their language ernment doesn't want Ma Bell to take ad- proceed against him. skills and ability to teach the subject mat­ antage of the manufacturing efficiency of The Smith story is of course a fictional ex­ ter, not on basis of their ethnic background. Western Electric, which has proven that it ample, but it precisely reflects the Justice If Mr. Shanker and others have evidence can provide products at 70 per cent of what Department's policy under the clemency pro­ about flaws in these fast-expanding bilingual it costs to buy from competitors in the field. gram. It is Catch-22 in action. The inan who programs, let's get the facts out and act on The Hawthorne Works, which has just does not know whether he is in jeopardy them. We agree with Congressman Badillo expanded and improved its cable-making puts himself in it by asking. that the House Committee on Education and plant in Cicero, is now supplying this item Moreover, the President's program ls due Labor should hold hearings in New York at 77 percent of what it would cost from to expire on Jan. 31. The man newly in jeop­ City to get at the truth. other suppliers, some of which ship copper ardy must decide before then whether to Reasonable people can act on facts, not on tv Japan to be fabricated with the loss of accept the "clemency" of up to two years' al­ fears. more jobs in America. ternate service, or risk prosecution there­ This community and the state of Illinois after. And he mus, do so without having any have a lot at stake in the attempt to dis­ real hearing to decide whether he violated DISMANTLING MA BELL mantle Ma Bell. Western Electric has 32,000 the law in the first place. employees in its Illinois plants. There are All this is an acute example of the anoma­ 16,000 of them employed at the Hawthorne lies and contradictions that hobble President HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Works and half of these are from Berwyn and Ford's clemency program. It i~• not generally OF ILLINOIS Cicero. realized that there are three quite distinct Then there are the side effects. Illinois operations in the program. They seem to be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bell, an A.T. & T. affiliate, purchases $265,- administered with distinct attitudes. Friday, December 13, 1974 000,000 of its requirements annually them The Presidential Clemency Board, under Western Electric, purchases that would cost the chairmanship of former Senator Charles Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in my $400,000,000 if bought from competitors. WE E. Goodell, deals only with men who have judgment, the suit against A.T. & T. op­ purchases various items from 5,300 Illinois already been punished-as deserters or draft poses the e:fiective and efficient service suppliers, 80 of them from Cicero sources evaders. The board keeps all information in renC:.ered to the American publtc, by Ma alone. confidence, and no one who approaches it Bell. At what point will Ma Bell and its affil­ can end up any worse off. Its function is to Therefore, I was especially pleased to iates no longer be <1. "trust" that needs to be recommned conditional or absolute pardons. busted? Will the bureaucratic anti-business The Defense Department handles the cases see the outstanding editorial that ap­ nincompoopl'l be satisfied with the present of military personnel who went AWOL and peared in the Life newspaper chain, objective? Or will they keep up the dis­ were never caught or punished. It has a final serving suburban Cook County, on De­ mantling process until the phone companies list of 12,500 such men and will tell anyone cember 1, which very appropriately ad­ number into the thousands with the loss of whether he is on the list without his risking dresses this issue. The article follows: efficiency while costs keep rising? being added to it. A man can wipe out his Oil companies, nearly drowning in their fear of capture and punishment by coming DISMANTLING MA BELL swollen profits, are gobbling up unrelated in and, in a. day, getting an undesirable dis­ Hundreds of small telephone companies businesses of major proportions. Huge con­ charge. Of the 12,500, some 2,200 have so far are still operating in this country. Some of glomerates have assembled holding of ma­ come in. them have a central office, usually in a home, jor industries without restraint. Even a Fed­ The Justice Department deals with civilian and service may not be of the best because eral Communications inquiry pays tribute to draft evaders. It is authorized to drop all December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39975 threats of prosecution against anyone who such measures are often advocated by swers, even ·nh')n they are heard, are ever ac­ comes in and accepts alternate service of up supposedly responsible elements of the cepted as conclusive. The attacks keep com­ to two years. Only 131 men have, so far. ing, keep multiplying. You cannot pick up Justice evidently recognizes the value of media, academia and the Congress. your daily newspaper without encountering some repose and finality in the unhappy How can this be happening to America? half a dozen. The sporadic answers are lost in area of draft offenses. It has instructed its This Nation's free economic system is the torrent of accusation. The charges or im­ prosecutors, the United States attorneys a marvel. It has made possible material plied charges outnumber the rebuttals ten around the country, to prune their files of all abundance beyond the dreams of earlier to one. draft cases except those clearly justifying ages and peoples in less fortunate lands. What is wrong? Does capitalism, after all, prosecution. It also has a list-of about 4,000 Throughout most of our history, free have an indefensible case? Have its men under i:adictment and another 2,200 champions been not only hopelessly outnum­ who are the subject of active investigations. economic institutions have been recog­ bered but hopelessly outargued? We can But the list is not final. In the words of nized as underpinning of our free society, hardly think so if we recall only a few of a department lawyer working on the clem­ the bulwarks of other freedoms-reli­ the great minds that have undertaken the ency program, Brue£: Fine, "the fact that gious, political, intellectual-that are the task of defense, directly ·or indirectly, in the your name is not on the list lli no guarantee. very essence of the American dream. past-Hume, Adam Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, The list is not a final determinant of all those But over the years, we have gotten out Bastiat, Senior, Boehm-Bawerk, John Bates who may be required to do alternate serv­ of the habit of defending free enterprise. Clark; or of the fine minds that have under­ ice"-or be prosecuted. to taken it in our day-Ludwig von Mises, F. A. Mr. Fine saw nothing wrong with this ap­ And our leaders are now ill-prepared Hayek, Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, proach. "I'm not terribly sympathetic to cope with the increasing clamor of anti­ Hans Sennholz, Israel Kirzner, David McCord someone who escaped prosecution by acci­ free-enterprise propaganda. Wright, and so many others. dent,'' he said. Our feeling is that somebody The misguided advocates of economic What, then, is wrong? I venture to suggest ought not to get what amounts to uncondi­ regimentation do not seem to realize the that no defense of capitalism, no matter how tional amnesty merely because he has not consequences of their schemes will be an brilliant or thorough, will ever be generally been detected." economic catastrophe, signs of which accepted as definitive. The attacks on capi­ In that comment Mr. Fine. inadvertently are already evident. Nor do they ap­ talism stem from at least five main impulses exposed the fallacy in the whole Ford clem­ or propensities, all of which will probably be ency program. That is the notion that a parently perceive the· loss of economic with us permanently, because they seem to fundamentally inequitable situation can be freedom is almost certain to be followed be inherent in our nature. They are: (1) gen­ cured by ad hoc decisions for or against a by the loss of other cherished liberties. uine compassion at the sight of individual few men. Day after day, new proposals seek to misfortune; (2) impatience for a cure; (3) There never was any equity in the way the restrict free market, control prices, envy; (4) the propensity to think only of the law treated those who did not want to fight wages, profits, business practices, and intended or immediate results of any pro­ in Vietnam. By far the largest number got competition or to impose other forms of posed government intervention and to over­ off legally, by luck or because they had bet­ regimentation, reduce incentives for look the secondary or long-term results ;and ter advice or were more articulate or were (5) the propensity to compare any actual rich enough to go to college. Of those not production, establish punitive tax policy state of affairs, and its inevitable defects, legally exempted, many slipped quietly or outright nationalization, proposals with some hypothetical ideal. through the system. Only a few became de­ which ought to be greeted with howls of These five drives or tendencies blend and clared fugitives. Among those caught, pun­ outrage are allowed to pass with scarcely overlap. Let us look at them in order, begin­ ishments differed widely. a murmur of dissent--indeed, almost ning with compassion. Most of us, at the sight There is no way to provide equal justice with an air of weary resignation-even of extreme poverty, are moved to want to do now for all those who avoided service and by those who should know better. something to relieve it-or to get others to were treated so differently-or for those who relieve it. And we are so impatient to see the fought, suffered and died. Nor are those So the antibusiness bias of · Govern­ poverty relieved as soon as possible that, no Americans who committed crimes of war ment, academic and the media is grow­ matter how forbidding the dimensions of the against the Vietnamese going to be brought ing steadily worse. But still only a few problem, we are tempted to think it will to justice. No law will satisfy our sense of voices are raised to defend free economic yield to some simple, direct, and easy solution. equity. All we can hope is to put the trauma institutions, to explain why profits THE ROLE OF ENVY behind us. That is the case for a genuine are good !or AVeryone including custom­ Let us look now at the role of envy. Few amnesty. ers and workers as well as managers of us are completely free from it. It seems to So few persons have responded to the and owners, the role of prices in allocat­ clemency program that Mr. Ford will doubt­ be part of man's nature never to be satified as less have to consider some further action ing resources and fine tuning supply and long as he sees other people better off than after Jan. 31. His instinct has been right on demand, the fantastic economic ef­ himself. Few of us, moreover, are willing to this issue. This time he should recognize ficiency of free enterprise and the fail­ accept the better fortune of others as the re­ ure of central planning· and regimenta­ sult of greater effort or gifts on their part. that complicated schemes to balance irrec­ We are more likely to attribute it at best to oncilable interests will prolong the agony tion wherever it has been tried, the in­ "luck" if not to "the system." In any case, the of Vietnam. The purpose can only be what separable relationship between economic pressure to pull down the rich seems stronger another President said after our most terrible freedom and other civil rights, and war until Vietnam: "To bind up the na­ and more persistent in most democracies than tion's wounds." other issues desperately in need of force­ the prompting to raise the poor. ful advocacy. Envy reveals itself daily in political speech­ In an era when the defense of eco­ es and in our laws. It plays a definite role in nomic freedom is so timid, it is hearten­ the popularity of the graduated income tax, which is firmly established in nearly every CAN WE SAVE FREE ENTERPRISE? ing to read an article of such clarity and country today, though it violates every canon power as Henry Hazlitt's essay "Can We of equity. As J. R. McCulloch put it in the Keep Free Enterprise?" 1830's: "The moment you abandon the car­ HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG Mr. Hazlitt, a noted economist, author, dinal principle of exacting from all individ­ OF COLORADO and editor, is well known to readers of uals the same proportion of their income or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the New York Times, Wall Street Jour­ of their property, you are at sea without rudder or compass, and there is no amount Friday, December 13, 1974 nal, Newsweek, the Freeman, and Na­ of injustice or folly you may not commit." tional Review, among some of the many McCulloch's prediction has been borne out Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, publications for which he has frequently by events. Historically, almost every time America's free enterprise system is being written. He is also the author of several there has been a revision of income-tax rates destroyed. Sadly, a lot of people who books and is widely recognized for his the progression has become steeper. When ought to be fighting to save it are seem­ economic expertise. the graduated income tax was first adopted ingly ignoring the threat. In the following article, Mr. Hazlitt in the United States in 1913, the top rate Our national economy is already ham­ says some things sorely in need of saying. was 7 percent. Some thirty years later it had strung with illogical regulations. Signs I am grateful he has made his arguments risen to 91 percent. In Great Britain the top rate went from 8~ to 97¥2 percent in a simi­ of more pernicious dangers are becoming with such precision and style: lar period. It has been repeatedly demon­ increasingly obvious. CAN WE KEEP FREE ENTERPRISE? strated that the confiscatory rates yield neg­ For a long time, most of us have dis­ (By Henry Hazlitt) ligible revenues. The reduction of real in­ missed calls for economic regimentation, Nine-tenths of what is written today on come that they cause is certainly greater nationalization, punitive taxation and economic questions is either an implied or than the revenue they yield. In brief, they other anti-free-enterprise proposals as explicit attack on capitalism. The attacks are have hurt even the taxpayers in the lower ravings of the lunatic fringe. But now occasionally answered. But none of the an- brackets. 39976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 Yet envy has played a crucial role in keep­ by the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. They were Perhaps the oldest and most widespread ing the progressive income tax. The built of decreed by Hammurabi, king of Babylon, in form of price control in the world ls control the taxpayers accept far higher rates of tax­ the eighteenth century B. C. They were tried of interest rates. In ancient China, India, ation than they would if the rates were uni­ in ancient Athens. and Rome, and nearly everywhere through­ form; for the taxpayers in each tax bracket In 301 A. D., the Roman Emperor Diocletian out the MidcUe Ages, all interest was called console themselves with the though that issued his famous edict fixing prices for "usury," and prohibited altogether. This made their wealthier r...elghbors must be paying a nearly eight hundred different items, and econolllic progress all but impossible. Later, far higher rate. Thus though about two­ punishing violation with death. Out of fear, the taking of interest was permitted, but thirds (65.5 percent) of the income tax is paid nothing was offered for sale and the scarcity fixed legal ceilings were imposed. These held (1969) by those with adjusted gross incomes grew far worse. After a dozen years and many back econolllic progress but did not, like total of $20,000 or less, there is an almost universal executions, the law was repealed. prohibition, prevent it entirely. illusion that the real burden of the tax is In Britain, Henry III tried to regulate the Yet political hostility to higher-than­ falling on the very rich. price of wheat and bread in 1202. Antwerp en­ customary interest rates never ceases. Today, But perhaps the greatest reason why gov­ acted price-fixing ln 1585, a measure which bureaucrats combat such "exorbitant" rates ernments again and again abandon the prin­ some historians believe brought about its more often by denunciation than by edict. ciples of free enterprise ls mere shortsighted­ downfall. Price-fixing laws enforced by the The favorite government method today for ness. They attempt to cure some supposed guillotine were also imposed during the keeping interest rates down is to have the economic evil directly by some simple meas­ French Revolution, though the soaring prices monetary managers flood the market with ure, and completely fail to foresee or even to were caused by the revolutionary govern­ new loanable funds. This may succeed for a ask what the secondary or long-term conse- ment's own policy in issuing enormous time, but the long-run effect of over-issuance quences of that measure will be. · amounts of paper currency. of money and credit is·to arouse fears among TAMPERING WITH MONEY Yet from all this dismal history the gov­ businessmen that inflation and rising prices ernments of today have learned absolutely will continue. So lenders, to protect them­ From time immemorial, whenever govern­ nothing. They continue to overissue paper ments have felt that their country was in­ selves against an expected fall in the future money to stimulate employment and "eco­ purchasing power of their dollars, add a sufficiently wealthy, or when trade was stag­ nomic growth"; and then they vainly try to nant or unemployment rife, the theory has "price premium." This makes the gross prevent the inevitable soaring prices with market rate qf interest higher than ever. arisen that the fundamental trouble was a ukases ordering everybody to hold prices "shortage of money." After the invention of The propensity of politicians to learn down. nothing about economics is illustrated once the printing press, when a government could HARMFUL INTERVENTION stamp a slip of paper with any denomina­ again in the laws governing foreign trade. tion or issue notes without limit, any But though price-fixing laws are· always The classical economists of the eighteenth imaginable increase in the money supply futile, this does not mean that they are century utterly demolished the arguments became possible. harmless. They can do immensely more eco­ for protectionism. They showed that the long­ run effect of protective tariffs and other bar­ What was not understood was that any nomic damage than the lnflation itself. They are harmful in proportion as the legal price­ riers could only be to make production more stimulative effect was temporary, and pur­ inefficient, to make consumers pay more and chased at excessive costs. If the boom was ceilings are below what unhampered market prices would be, in proportion to the length to slow down economic progress. Yet protec­ obtained. by an overexpansion of bank tionism is nearly as rampant as it was before credit, it was bound to be followed by a re­ of time the price controls remain in effect, and in proportion to the strictness with 1776, when The Wealth of Nations was pub­ cession or crisis when the new credit was which they are enforced. lished. paid off. If the boom was obtained by print­ For if the legal price for any commodity, THE CONQUEST OF POVERTY ing more government fiat money, it tem­ whether it is bread or shoes, is held by edict In the same way, all the popular political porarily made some people richer only at the substantially below what the free market cost of making other people (in real terms) measures to reduce or relieve poverty are price would be, the low fixed price must over­ more distinguished for their age than for poorer. encourage the demand for it, discourage its When the supply of money is increased the their effectiveness. producti'on, and bring about a shortage. The The major effect of minimum-wage laws purchasing power of each unit must corre­ profit margin in making or selling it will be ls to create unemployment, chiefly among spondingly fall. In the long run, nothing too small as compared with the profit margin the unskilled workers that the law is designed whatever ls gained by increasing the issu­ in producing or selling something else. to help. We cannot make a worker's services ance of paper money. Prices of goods tend, In addition to causing scarcities of some worth a given amount by making it illegal other things equal, to rise proportionately commodities, and bottlenecks in output, for anyone to offer him less. We merely de­ With the increase in money supply. If the price control must eventually distort and un­ prive him of the right to earn the amount stock of money ls doubled, it can in the balance the whole structure of production. that his abilities and opportunities would long run purchase no more goods and serv­ For not only the absolute quantities, but the permit him to earn, while we deprive the ices than the smaller stock of money would proportions in which the tens of thousands community of the moderate services he is have done. of different goods and services are produced, capable of rendering. We drive him on relief. And yet the government of nearly every are deterlllined in a free market by the And by driving more people on relief by country in the world today ls busily increas­ relative supply and demand, the relative minimum-wage laws on the one hand, while ing the issuance of paper money, partly if money prices, and the relative costs of pro­ on the other hand enticing more and more not entirely because of its belief that it is duction of commodities. A, B, C, and N. Mar­ people to get on relief by constantly increas­ "relieving the shortage of money" and "pro­ ket prices have work to do. They are signals ing the amounts we offer them, we encour­ moting faster economic growth." This illu­ to both producers and consumers. They tell age the runaway growth of relief rolls. Now, slon ls Intensified by the habit of counting where the shortages and surpluses are. They as a way to "cure" this growth, reformers the currency unit as if its purchasing power tell which commodities are going to be more come forward to propose a guaranteed an­ were constant. In 1971 there was a great profitable to produce and which less. To nual income or a "negative income tax." The outburst of hurrahs because the GNP (gross remove or destroy or forbid these signals must distinguishing feature of these handouts is national product) had at last surpassed the discoordina te and discourage production. that they are to be given automatically, with­ magic figure of a trillion dollars. (It reached SELECTIVE CONTROLS-NO STOPPING PLACE out a means test, and regardless of whether $1,046 billion.) It was forgotten that if the or not the recipient chooses to work. The putative GNP of 1971 had been stated in General price controls are· comparatively result could only be enormously to increase terms of dollars at their purchasing power in rare. Governments more often prefer to put the number of idle, and correspondingly to 1958 this 1971 GNP would have come to a ceiling on one particular price. A favorite increase the tax burden on those who worlc. $740 billion, and if stated in terms of the scapegoat since World War I has been the We can always have as much unemployment dollar's purchasing power in 1939 would rent of apartments and houses. as we are willing to pay for. have come to only $320 billion. Rent controls, once imposed, are sometimes At bottom, almost every government "anti­ Yet monetary expansion is everywhere to­ continued for a generation or more. When poverty" measure in history has consisted of day-in every country and in the Interna­ they are imposed, as they nearly always are, seizing part of the earnings or savings of tional Monetary Fund with its SDR's-the in a period of inflation, the frozen rents year Peter to support Paul. Its inevitable long-run official pollcy. Its inevitable effect is rising by year become less and less realistic. The result is to undermine the incentives of both prices. But rising prices are not popular. long-term effect is that the landlords have Peter and Paul to work or to save. neither the incentive nor the funds to keep What is overlooked in all these govern­ Therefore governments forbid prices to rise. the rental apartments or houses in decent And this price control has the enormous ment interventions is the miracle of the repair, let alone to improve them. Losses market--the amazing way in which free en­ political advantage of deflecting attention often force owners to abandon their proper­ away from the gove:rnment's own respon­ terprise maximizes the incentives to produc­ ties entirely. Private builders, fearing the tion, to work, innovation, efficiency, saving, sibility for creating inflation, and by im­ same fate, hesitate to erect new rental hous­ and investment, and graduates both its pen­ plication puts the blame for rising prices ing. Slums proliferate, a shortage of housing alties and rewards with such accuracy as to on the greed of producers and sellers. develops, and the majority of tenants, in tend to bring about the production of the PRICE CONTROL whose supposed interest the rent control tens of thousands of wanted goods and serv­ The record of price controls goes as far was imposed in the first place, become worse ices in the proportions in which they are back as human history. They were imposed off than ever. most demanded by consumers. Only free December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39977 private enterprise, in fact, can solve what an inestimable boon to mankind. Yet if this At the request of several other members economists call this problem of economic system is to be saved from willful destruc­ and myself the Republican Steering Com­ calculation. tion, the task of the incredibly few who seem mittee prepared a paper on the Rockefel­ THE PROBLEM OF CALCULATION to understand how and why it works 1s endless. '!'hey cannot afford to rest their l er record and his views on government. Socialism is incapable of solving the prob­ case on any defense of free enterprise, or any I would like to commend the fine job done lem. The bureaucratic managers of national­ by the steering committee on this paper ized industries may be conscientious, God­ exposure of socialism or other false remedies, fearing men; but as they have no fear of that they or their predecessors may have and the research work they do on behalf suffering personal losses through error or in­ made in the past. There have been some of conservative Republican Congressmen. magnificent defenses over the past two It is my hope, Mr. Speaker, that my efficiency, and no hope of gain personal prof­ centuries, from Adam Smith to Bastiat, and its through cost-cutting or daring innova­ from Boehm-Bawerk to Mises and Hayek. colleagues will take some of these points tion, they are bound, at least, to become safe But they a.re not enough. Every day capi­ seriously as they prepare to vote on this routineers, and to tolerate a torpid inefficien­ nomination. Therefore, I would like at cy talism faces some new accusation, or one that parades as new. this time, to read this paper into the But this is the smallest part of the prob­ lem. For a complete socialism would be with­ ETERNAL VIGILANCE-TRUTH NEEDS REPEATING RECORD. out the guide of the market, without the In brief, ignorance, shortsightedness, envy, Mr. Speaker, I might add that the guide of money prices or of costs in terms of impatience, good intentions, and a utopian Republican Steering Committee as an money. The bureaucratic managers of the idealism combine to engender an endless organization does not take positions on socialist economy would not know which barrage of charges against "the system"­ issues and this research is not to be items they were producing at a social profit which means aaginst free enterprise. And so interpreted as a view held by all members and which at a social loss. Nor would they the return fire, if free enterprise is to be of Republican Steering Committee. know how much to try to produce of each preserved, must also be endless. item or service, or how to make sure that I find I have only been applying to one SEVEN REASONS WHY MANY CONSERVATIVES the production of tens of thousands of dif­ particular field and exhortation that Goethe OPPOSE THE CONFmMATION OF NELSON ferent commodities was synchronized or co­ once applied to all fields of knowledge. In ROCKEFELLER AS VICE PRESIDENT OF THE ordinated. They could, of course (as they 1828 he wrote in a letter to Eckermann: UNITED STATES sometimes have), assign arbitrary prices to "The truth must be repeated again and INTRODUCTION raw materials and to the various finished again, because error is constantly being The American Presidency-the engine o! items. But they would still not know how preached round about us. And not only by our government-is now in a unique position. much or whether the bookkeeping profits or isolated individuals, but by the majority. For the first time in our history we have a losses shown reflected real profits or losses. In the newspapers and encyclopedias, in the President who was not elected by the people. In short, they would be unable to solve the schools and universities, everywhere error is For the first time in over 150 years we have problem of economic calculation. They would dominant, securely and comfortably en­ a President who was not chosen as a candi­ be working in the dark. sconced in public opinion which is on its date for either President or Vice President at The directors of a socialist economy would side." the national convention of one of the major have to fix wages arbitrarily, and if these Yet above all in political and economic political parties. did not draw the right number of compe­ thought today, the need to keep repeating Former President Nixon did have the wis­ .tent workers into making the various things the truth has assumed an unprecedented dom of choosing as his Vice President under the directors wanted produced, and in the urgency. What is under constant and mount­ the 25th Amendment a man who at least was quantities they wanted them to be pro­ ing attack is capitalism-which means free elected to the leadership of his party's Rep­ duced, they would have to use coercion, enterprise-which means economic free­ resentatives in the Congress and who did forcibly assign workers to particular jobs, dom-which means, in fact, the whole of and does enjoy the confidence of the great and direct the economy from the center, in human freedom. For as Alexander Hamilton majority of our people. If the Republican a military kind of organization. The mili­ warned: "Power over a man's subsistence is party controlled the House of Representa­ tarization and regimentation of work is power over his will." tives, Mr. Ford would have been the Speaker what, in fact, Cuba, Russia, and Red China What is threatened, in fact, is no less than of the House and therefore would have be­ have resorted to. our present civilization itself; for it is capi­ come President if the 25th Amendment had talism that has made possible the enor­ RISING EXPECTATION not been ratified.. In the case of President mous advances not only in providing the Ford therefore we do not have too great a de­ We come finally to the fifth reason that I necessities and amenities of life, but in parture from tradition. offered at the beginning for the chronic science, technology, and knowledge of all The nomination of Nelson Rockefeller to hostility to free enterprise. This is the tend­ kinds, upon which that civilization rests. the Vice Presidency, however, is necessarily ency to compare actual state of affairs, and All those who understand this have the the source of much more concern. The its inevitable defects, with some hypothetical duty to explain and defend the system. And former governor of New York was an active ideal; to compare whatever is with some to do so, if necessary, over and over again. candidate for the nomination of his party imagined paradise that might be. In spite This duty does not fall exclusively on pro­ for the Presidency three times and three of the prodigious and accelerative advances fessional economists. It falls on each of us times he was decisively defeated for that that a dominantly private enterprise econ­ who realizes the untold benefits of free en­ nomination by the elected delegates of Re­ omy has made in the last two centuries, and terprise and the present threat of its de­ publican voters. In all his many years even in the last two decades, these advances struction to expound his convictions within of active politics, Rockefeller has been can always be shown to have fallen short of the sphere of his own influence, as well as identified with one wing-a minority wing­ some imaginable state of affairs that might to support others who are expounding like of his party. He is regarded as a liberal Re­ be even better. convictions. Each of us is as free to practice publican and has never had the It may be true, for example, that money what he preaches as to preach what he confidence of the majority wing of the Re­ wages in the United States have increased practices. The opportunity is as great as the publican Party, the conservative wing. fivefold, and even after all allowance has challenge. A large number of Republicans, perhaps a been made for rising living costs, that real majority, as well as many independents and wages have more than doubled in the last Democrats do not have confidence in Nelson generation. But why haven't they tripled? THE CONFIRMATION OF NELSON Rockefeller and do not believe that he should It may be true that the number of the ROCKEFELLER now receive at the hands of one man "poor", by the Federal bureaucrats' yardstick, the national office that he could never win fell from 20 percent of the population ln at the hands of the people ... despite many 1962 (when the estimate was first made) to expensively-financed attempts. 13 percent in 1970. But why should there be HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS These conservative Republicans oppose any poor people left at all? It may be OF IDAHO Rockefeller's confirmation for at least seven true that the employees of the corporations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major reasons. already get seven-eighths of the entire sum Friday, December 13, 197 4 I. LACK OF POPULAR SUPPORT available for distribution between them and In the latest Harris poll, taken in No­ the stockholders. But why don't the workers Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, next week vember only 39 % of the American people get the whole of it? And so on and so on. we are expecting to vote on the confirma­ approve of Rockefeller's nomination. 43 % The very success of the system has en­ are opposed and 18 % are not sure. The drop couraged constantly rising expectations and tion of Nelson Rockefeller as Vice Presi­ dent of the United States. I and several in Rockefeller's public standing since the demands-expectations and demands that beginning of the Congressional hearings is keep racing ahead of what even the best of my colleagues have grave reservations apparently due to public concern over two imaginable system could achieve. as to the suitability of Mr. Rockefeller major issues. The struggle to secure what we now know for this high office. My opposition to According to that Harris poll, 47 % of the as capitalism-Le., unhampered markets and Rockefeller is based on his record as American people believe there would be a private ownership of the means of produc­ Governor of New York and his general confilct of interest if he were confirmed as tion-was long and arduous. It has proved philosophy of government. Vice President because of his family's finan- CXX--2520-Part 30 39978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 cial holdings and investments. 34% disagree gifts totaling some $2 milUon to 18 public pressed New Yorkers early quintupled. Ac­ wL_1 this view and 19% are not sure; 54% officials over a period of several years. Sev­ cording to the Citizens Public Expenditure in the Harris poll do not believe that it was eral of the public servants were employed by Survey, Inc., taxpayers in New York State all right for him to giv~ $2 mllllon as gifts the State of New York at the time. There is a are today the most overburdened in the U.S. and loans to people he appointed to high New York state law which prohibits gifts of The bonded indebtea.ness of New York also office. 28 % believe it was all right and 18 % more than $25 in value to state employees for increased 600% under Rockefeller. It ls are unsure. the purpose of "influencing them in the· per­ ironical that Rockefeller would have driven In the unique situation in which we now formance of their professional duties." the state even deeper in debt were it not for find ourselves (having a non-elected Presi­ Again, although there is no specific evi­ the restraining influence of the State Comp­ dent who replaced a man forced to resign dence that these very substantial gifts were troller, Arthur Levitt, a Democrat. Levitt has from the Vice Presidency and then who went intended to be bribes to insure the perform­ said, "Rockefeller and his staff fashioned de­ on to succeed another man who was also ance of particular acts that these officials vices whereby debt was imposed on the people forced to resign from the Presidency) it is otherwise would not have performed, there without their vote. This was done despite the vital, if public confidence in our political is no doubt that this pattern of philan­ fact that the state constitution forbids the institutions is to be restored, that our newly thropic behaviour has caused uneasiness in assumption of dcot or guarantee of debt appoJnted Vice President be a man (or the minds of many people. 54% of the people without the vote of the people." woman) who has the full and unquestioned polled by Harris, as we have seen, disapproved The question naturally arises, will Rocke­ support of the great majority of the American of this conduct. feller as Vice President or President be as people. If Nelson Rockefeller at this time Rockefeller has shown in this behavior a cavalier with the laws and Constitution of had the confidence of only 55 % of the people basically cavalier attitude toward the law of the United States as he was with the Con­ it would be an undesirable situation; the his own state. Because he doubtless believed st:tution of New York? fact that he apparently has the support of that he had no improper intentions he took Levitt, in an interview with the American barely 40% of the people makes his position it upon himself to ignore a very clear law Conservative Union Union (Battleline, Au­ untenable. against giving gifts of any appreciable value gust 1974, p . 3), went on to comment that he According to another poll conducted by to state public servants. disagreed strongly with Rockefeller's passion the American Conservative Union, Rockefel­ In effect, while Governor, he decided by for building more and more buildings and ler's support among people who regard them­ himself to pay certain favored state officials thus pushing the state more and more into selves as conservative is practically non­ higher salaries than the people of New York debt. "My feeling was,'' he said, "that with existent. Only 11 % of the 3000 ACU members wished them to be paid. It is a well-estab­ the rising inflation that began to be evident polled said they favored the nomination. lished principle in all democracies that the in 1966, 1967 and 1968 that it was improvident Since conservatives make up the largest part legislature, the people's representatives, must to embark upon huge spending programs of what is still the major conservative party control the purse-strings of government. By beyond the capacity of our taxpayers to pay, in this country, it seems difficult to justify unilaterally changing the official salary scale, expenditures involving huge borrowings, in­ the nomination of a man who totally lacks at the very minimum, he usurped an impor­ curring debt that would extend many, many support in the majority wing of his own tant power of another branch of govern­ years into the future." Rockefeller main­ party. ment. tained that since costs were increasing every II. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Rockefeller himself has essentially admit­ year, it was wise to build now and thus escape Although wealth (no more than poverty) ted that this policy was wrong since he has higher costs in the future. should exclude no one from political office, promised he will not give valuable girts (wtth Of course, as Levitt has said, "This is the Nelson Rockefeller is one of the very few the exception of ordinary Christmas pres­ very essence, the very language and philoso­ Americans whose financial interest are so ents, etc.) to any federal employee if he is phy of iufiation. My argument with him,'' widespread that there is no conceivable way confirmed as Vice President. Levitt went on to say, "was that although that conflicts of interests can be avoided. As Senator Jesse Helms has recently re­ this might be appropriate for the private If, for instance, Rockefeller derived his wealth marked on the floor of the Senate, "It is sector, even though I'd question its morality, from one major source, such . as automobile now plain that Mr. Rockefeller conducted for government to do this is a betrayal of manufacturing, everyone would know this a governorship in which the restraints of the people." fact and any political judgments he made law and custom were subordinated to hts Rockefeller's policy of tax and tax, spend as Vice President or President which affected personal style of governing. It ls for New and spend and elect and elect was popular automobile manufacturing would be fully Yorkers to decide whether his policies were with certain powerful vested interest groups and fairly criticized by the press and public. wise; it is for the rest of us to decide which benefited (or thought they bene­ Obviously, he would have to lean over back­ whether his style ought to be transferred fited) from inflation and debt. The con­ wards to avoid the appearance of favoring to the Federal executive offices." struction unions, in particular, have long the Rockefeller Motor Corporation and that IV. EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH TAXES AND RISING DEBT been uillars of Rockefeller's empire in New problem would then solve itself. The Rock­ IN NEW YORK STATE York State. For 15 years he ruled New York efeller family holdings are so vast and so Aside from matters of confiicting financial by forging an alliance of certain sectors of diversified, however, that there ls practically interests and possible personal nnanclal im­ big business and big labor at the expense no major part of our economy where Nelson propriety, the Congress should carefully con­ of the average taxpayer. Rockefeller does not have a financial interest. sider Rockefeller's public recora as Governor President Ford has said that our number The Rockefeller interests, directly and in­ of New York before voting on his connrma­ one domestic problem ls inflation, now run­ directly control between 8 and 10 million tion. ning at about 12 % a year. It is reported that, shares of Exxon, have a "substantial pres­ It is not only logical but necessary to if Rockefeller is confirmed, the President will ence" in Mobil Oil, own all the preferred evaluate that record before passing judgment assign him the task of presiding over the stock of Eastern Airlines, and hold at least on his fitness for the Vice Presidency or Presi­ administration's war on inflation. In view 700,000 shares of the Chase Manhattan Bank dency. Many people believe it would be a of Rockefeller's almost incredible record as which has branches in most countries of the profound mistake to elevate a man who has a champion infiationist in New York, this world. In addition the Chase Bank through so over-taxed his own state as to cause it to would be tantamount to appointing the vil­ its own trust department, holds the largest lose businesses and jobs at an alarming rate. lage arsonist fire chief. single blocks of shares in United Airlines, Obviously, if he could pursue such a high Northwest Airlines, and Atlantic Richfield V. LESS AND LESS JOBS AND MORE AND MORE tax policy in New York he could well try to WELFARE Oil, plus sizeable chunks of AT&T, IBM, impose yet higher levies on the Nation as Sperry Rand, Motorola, ITT, and so on. As a direct result of Rockefeller's finan­ a whole should he become President. cially improvident policies in his home state, As Senator Jesse Helms recently put it, The record here is very clear. In his years "There is no way in which he can perform New York State lost 400,000 jobs during the as Governor of New York Rockefeller in­ years of his governorship. New York's share the duties of Vice President, or President, creased the cost of state government by an without laying himself open to the charge of the nation's manufacturing declined sig­ almost unbelievable 400 % . nificantly during those years (from 11.2 % that his actions are tainted by the outlook From 1959 through Fiscal 1974, New York or interests of the Rockefeller family dy­ State's budget went up from Democratic to 9.2 % ). Many national companies moved nasty. If the people had an opportunity to Governor Harriman's relatively frugal $1.9 to other parts of the country; thousands of judge him in an election, the people could billion to nearly $9 billion. Under Rockefel­ businesses have fie,. across the Hudson to decide whether such a consideration should ler's money-devouring administration, state New Jersey since the cost of doing business in be decisive. But there is no way that he can taxes were imposed or increased at least every New York has become prohibitive for many take office under the 25th Amendment with­ other year: in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, industries. out that event appearing to confirm the hy­ 1969, 1971 and 1972. During his time in of­ At the ::;ame time the welfare rolls have pothesis that the Rockefeller interests con­ fice, the maximum rates on the state income grown larger each year until, in New York trol the Nation, including the Congress. It tax more than doubled, from 7 percent to City alone, one out of every six persons is is not fair to Mr. Rockefeller to put him in 15 percent. Over the same period, the state now a welfare client. such an untenable position." gasoline tax went up from 4 to 8 cents a VI. WORLD FEDERALISM In. GIFTS TO PUBLIC OFFICIALS gallon, the cigarette tax from 3 to 15 cents Congressman John Ashbrook has recently In his testimony before the Senate Rules per pack. A 4 percent state sales tax was pointed out that Rockefeller has long been Committee, Rockefeller admitted that he gave imposed. In 15 years, the taxload of hard- an advocate of world federalism and that it December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 39979 would be less than desirable to have as a better than return to the New Deal pre­ veltlan experiments with CCCs and RFCs, President of the United States a man who scriptions which not only did nothing to the U.S. economy was in no better shape than believes in submerging the sovereignty of end the depression, but which, when fol­ when the mess was inherited from Herbert the American nation under some form of Hoover. Nor did wage and price controls world government. "I find it somewhat lowed by Britain, drove the economy of work much better in wartime, when admin­ ironic," Rep. Ashbrook has said, "that-as that Nation into nationalization of over istered by 300,000 bureaucrats.than they did our country is preparing for its 200th birth­ 60 percent of the industry. when President Nixon tried them in peace­ day celebration-a man would be nominated What is even more pitiful is the sup­ time. The program the Democrats now pro­ as Vice ·President who believes the nation port the Democrats are getting from Re­ pose could not even .be contemplated without state is an anachronism and wh'> espouses publicans who should know better, and also sealing off the U.S. economy from glo­ the principles of international federalism." who at one time helped our party stand bal trade. Otherwise an internal investment would grind to a halt, with capital fieeing VU. TAXPAYER-GUARANTEED LOANS TO for free market economics and the in­ COMMUNIST COUNTRIES abroad and with inventories exported at arti­ centive system of private enterprise. ficial prices. Rockefeller has also long been a proponent As we add more workers to the public The prescriptions of Kansas City are pre­ of trade with Communist nations, preferably payroll have we forgotten that one out of cisely the ones the British have followed in subsidized by loans to Communist govern­ every six Americans in the labor force driving their economy into the ground. Sixty ments guaranteed by American taxpayers. Of today works for the Government and as percent of all Britain's economic activity ls all the questionable purposes for which our managed in one way or another through the tax dollars are spent, surely one of the least the debts and deficits pile up, the growth of the public sector further erodes the government, and the private sector continues excusable is to finance the shipping of U.S. to function only out of habit. There is no technology and industrial plants to the So­ capital necessary to truly stimulate our incentive to produce when what is pro­ viet Union-ai'ld this is a policy Rockefeller economy and provide more jobs and bet­ duced ls taxed away. If there ls hope in the has favored for years. ter wages for American workers. U.K., it ls because the Labor Party has lately CONCLUSION At this point, Mr. Speaker, I include shown some small signs of turning a way from As Congresswoman Marjorie Holt has put for the RECORD the following editorials: the caricatured Keynesianism that has dom­ it, "It's a safe bet that a large majority of THE DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM inated British thinking-moving a.way from Republicans are unhappy with the choice of The eight-point economic program adopted "incomes policies" and relenting on govern­ Nelson Rockefeller for the vice presidency. by the Democratic Party at its Kansas City ment taxation of the private sector. The party rejected his presidential ambitions convention invites at least one word of com­ The only other good thing about the Dem­ in three past national conventions. I am un­ mendation. It has forced us to realize how ocratic package ls that at the moment there happy with the choice, not only because it imaginative and effective, by comparison, is is little chance the economy will be bur~ ignores the will of most Republican voters, President Ford's WIN button as a means of dened with much of it. Congressional Demo~ but also because it fails to reflect the con­ dealing with the nation's economic problems. era.ts and organized labor went a.long with servative mandate expressed by the Ameri­ We assume that those who drafted the it at the convention only to preserve the ap­ can voters in the 1972 elections. President program intended for it to be taken seriously pearance of party unity. "We aren't quite Ford is working so hard for consensus poli­ as a blueprint for national policy, by the ready for all this yet," said George Mahon, tics that he ~s risking an early alienation of economically literate as well as economically chairman of the House Appropriations Com­ conservative voters." illiterate. But we can find very little that mittee. If the day ever comes when they are Congressman Steve Symms focused on the anyone could take seriously, other than out ready for all this, there will not be much left misgivingc of many conservatives when he of a sense of horror that a national party in of the U.S. economy. recently summed up his reasons for opposing 1974 would merely resurrect the discredited Nelson Rockefeller's nomination. "Nelson panaceas o! the 1930s. The program could Rockefeller," he said, "represents--in the only have been conceived by a committee of minrJ. •s eye of most Americans-big govern­ party hacks sitting a.round trying to imagine ANALYZING SOVIET POLICY ment, big business, big labor, high taxes, the what Franklin Roosevelt, John Maynard centralization of power and abrogation of Keynes and Henry Wallace might have TOWARD THE WEST liberty, which were all part of the Great So­ proposed. ciety, New Deal, paternalistic government ap­ They recommend a public-service jobs pro­ proach which was souLdly rejected at the gram in which the unemployed worker does HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK polls in 1968 and 1972." not even have to look for a job in the private OF OHIO sector before becoming eligible for a govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment rake or shovel. "To assist faltering businesses," they would revive the Recon­ Friday, December 13, 1974 THE DEMOCRAriC PROGRAM FOR struction Finance ' Corporation to channel Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, with THE ECONOMY IS A RECIPE FOR credit subsidies to the worthy. The Federal the recent announcement by President SHORTAGES AND A RETURN TO Reserve and other federal lending agencies are invited to allocate credit away from Ford on arms agreements with the Soviet CONTROLS "speculative ventures" to "productive enter­ Union, I think that it is important to prises." Taxes for lower middle income people understand Soviet policy toward West­ will be lowered by closing "tax loopholes." ern Europe. The Soviet view of the two HON. JACK F. KEMP Two birds are slain with one stone by ending OF NEW YORK power blocs in Europe-their own and "those tax incentives that encourage multi­ that of the United States and its allies­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES national corporations to export American jobs and capital." is an important consideration for Amer­ Friday, December 13, 1974 To fight inflation, the Democrats reach ican policymakers. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, yesterday back to World War II, with a few creative As Gerhard Wettig ha,s written: this House unwisely reacted to the short­ twists. "We support an across-the-board sys­ Soviet representatives have always stub­ age of investment capital in this country tem o! economic controls, including prices, bornly insisted, especially during negotia­ by passing a $2 b11Iion emergency public wages, executive compensation, profits and tions, that the reality which is to serve as a employment bill which can only be paid rents. Provision should be made for wage point o! departure can only lie within the catch-up and price rollbacks." And to insure framework of Soviet ideas.... ·Soviet design, for through higher taxes or increased that the controls are administered equitably, on the basis of Soviet power, decides what can inflation. authority should not be given to the Repub­ become reality. It is up to the Atlantic and It was said in debate that this was an lican President, but to a special council man­ neutral States to bring into play their own important feature of the eight-point pro­ aged by Congress, which would vest it with design on the basis of their own power in gram for our faltering economy, formu­ "whatever monitoring and enforcement pro­ order to determine the shaping of poll tical lated at the Democrat's Kansas City con­ cedures are necessary." Gasoline should be reality, and not leave the decision on the vention. rationed. structure of East-West relations to the All this is rather pitiful. The Democratic U.S.S.R. alone. I would like to point out to my col­ Party, which once prided itself on being a leagues, both Republican and Democrat, magnet for the nation's intellectual elite, can In regard to this view, which I think is who still believe in fr~e enterprise, that do no better than return to the fetal position correct, it is also important to remember the last part of the eight-point program of the Roosevelt coalition. All that's missing the composition of what Wettig refers to is across-the-board wage and price con­ ls a Blue Eagle and a plan to pack the Su­ as "the framework of Soviet ideas." Ger­ trols. Have we not learned our lesson from preme Court with appointees of the Demo­ hart Niemeyer has explicated what this the beef freeze? cratic Study Group. means. Dr. Neimeyer has stated: As the Wall Street Journal correctly But why should any parts of this program Communists regard the present not as a summed it up, all this is rather pitiful. work now, when they did not work when status quo to be preserved, but as a period It seems the Democratic Party can do no FDR tried them? After eight years of Roose- of transition in the revolutionary struggle 39980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 for a Socialist future .... The Communists East-West relationship conditions granting State in the East. Eventually the Soviet Un­ are oriented toward a future which in no the USSR and its camp a maximum of ad­ ion expressed its readiness to accept an item way resembles that of present-day democratic vantages and opportunities and a minimum on the agenda to this effect but has since politics.... Their orientation toward the of disadvantages and risks in the clash with insisted with unerring consistency that the future causes the Communists to think not in countries possessing different systems. The Eastern European States should be granted terms of desirable solutions for present-day States of Western Europe in particular are unlimited control over every detail of the living, but rather in terms of an endless ac­ to be impeded as far as possible from assert­ exchange procedure, which is to be closely cumulation of !'Ower for the Party. ing themselves politically against the Soviet restricted, painstakingly directed and robbed side. of all political effect from them very outset. It is a serious mistake for any Western The nature of the conditions the Soviet State coercion is to inhibit all movement in policymaker to neglect these fundamental Union would like to see established reveals Eastern European society. At the same time insights into the nature of Soviet policy the decisive problems. The Soviet concept of however Moscow claims the right to assert its toward the West. coexistence only permits a peaceful relation­ political influence on Western society with­ Too often free societies view the Soviet ship between States while a militant rela­ out restriction. The Western States are to or Communist Chinese systems as simply tionship must prevail between societies. It is renounce unilaterally the use of force in the other governments and societies with the declared assumption of Soviet political social struggle. As repeatedly stressed on the leaders that concentrating the clash on the Soviet side, these conditions should lead to some type of goals as their own. This is social level will involve a maximum of dis­ political changes being possible only in West­ both false and dangerous. False because advantages and risks for the Western side. ern societies. There should only be a ques­ the Soviets as explained before have a Unlike the area over which the Soviet Union tion therefore of the West conforming completely different outlook toward ex­ enjoys hegemony, the Western nations do not unilaterally to "socialist models". istence than do free countries. And dan­ possess organisations on the social level The Soviet concept of coexistence promises which would combine and mobilise economic, peace, that is the elimination of hostility gerous because the misreading of Soviet cultural and ideological potential under the intentions lead to Western policies which and violence, in the sphere of international aspect of the East-West struggle on the social relations. Relations between States belong­ do not meet the Communist threat. level or even guarantee a coordinated articu­ ing to the Soviet sphere of influence are how­ At this point I include in the RECORD an lation of interests toward a third party. The ever excluded from the very outset by the article from Osteuropa entitled "Soviet pluralistic structure of State and society in pointer to the commandments of "socialist Policy Toward Western Europe": the West offers a large number of targets for internationalism,'' in particular the Brezhnev specific coordinated influence and divisive SOVIET POLICY TowARDS WESTERN EUROPE Doctrine. Any member of the "socialist efforts on the East's part. From the Soviet (By Gerhard Wettig) community" which does not act in complete viewpoint, this is a decisive factor of weak­ agreement with the Soviet leadership in The Soviet attitude to cultural exchange ls ness which will be fully exploitable in a both foreign and domestic policy must ex­ inextricably linked with Soviet ideas about period of coexistence and detente. pect sanctions on the part of the USSR and how countries belonging to the two power STRENGTH FACTOR its allies which may culminate in the use of blocs in Europe are to coexist. The two levels of international coexistence and social strug­ But the West's pluralistic structure can armed force. Occasional Soviet statements gle are strictly separated in both definition also contain a factor of strength. As Moscow about the struggle against "peaceful counter­ and practice. But closer examination reveals too clearly recognises, the manifold oppor­ revolution" within the Warsaw Pact sphere that one and the same policy operates on tunities of economic and intellectual de­ justifying the risk of military conflict with both levels and that the two sectors are only velopment in Western nations exert a power­ NATO also indicate a reservation as regards differentiated for reasons of convenience. ful attraction on people everywhere, not least the renunciation of force in East-West re­ Two separate methods of procedure have in Eastern Europe. Even where Western "se­ lations. Finally, the theory that the prin­ been adopted. They are based on the desire duction" is not effective, the Russians see the ciple of peaceful coexistence does not apply to avoid risks and the endeavour to maintain danger of the basic confrontation between to relations between colonialists and colo­ opportunities and, in the final reckoning, re­ East and West fading and of tendencies de­ nised, justifies when necessary Soviet sup­ volve around the same objectives. veloping within their own camp for the other port of parties in civil or colonial wars in the Both theoretical statements about the sort side's case to be considered. Western State Western world. In specific circumstances, of relations between "socialism" and "capital­ and social systems could meet more under­ military force can therefore be a means ism" and the Soviet Union's practical pro­ standing and tolerance, it is thought. Once by which the Soviet leadership weakens posals at the European Security Conference the elimination of capitalism is no longer the Western States or groups of States. aim of humanity, communism's internation­ reveal Moscow's desire to fix definite rules of SUICIDAL VENTURE al historic mission would be betrayed. At procedure for the relationship between the As long as there is reciprocal second-strike two power blocs. Soviet propaganda stamps the same time, if this ideology's claim to rep­ resent universal liberty were to cease, there capability, the military balance of power the defamatory cold war tag on all rival between the two major powers makes di­ concepts which would lead to other rules of would be doubts about the justification for a strict system of Soviet domination which rect conflict between them and their allies procedure in East-West relations. This in­ negates the opportunities of man's economic a "suicidal venture", as a Soviet writer re­ vective is also directed against ideas of under­ and spiritual development in order to carry cently stated. An armed East-West conflict standing, reconciliation or rapprochement through an ideology expressed in absolute bringing States into confrontation with one between the two camps. The Soviet side also terms. another as consolidated units and therefore makes use of the argument that any type of Soviet leaders seek to neutralise the at­ providing the basic conditions for the pos­ reciprocal relations which appears undesir­ tractiveness of the Western pluralism of ideas sible use of nuclear capacities is therefore able to the USSR is at variance with "reality". and the Western pluralist model by all peace­ to be avoided. But that does not mean that Soviet representatives have always stub­ ful and violent means. Military intervention Soviet military power no longer has any bornly insisted, especially during negotia­ in Czechoslovakia after this country em­ function in international relations. "Not tions, that the reality which is to serve as a barked upon a course of reform communism even in a period of detente are the socialist point of departure can only lie within the and the Police State's repression of the Soviet States willing to dispense with a sober ap­ framework of Soviet ideas. The logic behind dissidents are striking examples. State se­ praisal of the balance of power." "A real­ this standpoint is that Soviet design, on the curity forces have the responsibility of de­ istic approach to the question of the power basis of Soviet power, decides what can be­ ciding the battle on the social level within balance" is seen as "necessary security for come reality. It is up to the Atlantic and the Soviet sphere of dominion or, if possible, firm and lastin::; peaceful coexistence". neutral States to bring into play their own not allowing it to break out in the first place. The USSR and its allies cannot of course design on the basis of their own power in Action by social organisations-such as the "gullibly place their trust in their opponents order to determine the shaping of political coordinated ideological campaigns by com­ in the class struggle", in other words the reality and not leave the decision on the munist party apparatuses in the Warsaw Western countries. The Soviet leadership structure of East-West relations to the USSR Pact States-have no more than an aux111ary therefore continues its programme of alone. function. The social struggle is therefore a nuclear and conventional rearmament, When the Soviet side wishes to fix specific State matter wherever State power is con­ especially in sectors where the Russians are rules of procedure for its relationship with trolled by the Soviet leadership and "its superior and the West is reducing its ca­ the West, this is meant to result in the es­ stalwarts. pability. As a result of these endeavours, a tablishment of specific conditions applying "balance of power favourable to socialism" to the increasing process of exchange between RUSSIAN CHANGE OF HEART has now developed, it is stated in Mos­ the two camps-for material cooperation and That was clearly revealed in connection cow. This verdict is based primarily on the for the political struggle along with resulting with the European Security Conference state of affairs in Europe. According to contacts and communication. The conditions when the non-communist States began to Soviet theories, the Western States are forced aimed for are naturally adapted to Moscow's call for a somewhat freer exchange of per­ by their relative weakness to agree to requirements and wishes. Among these re­ sons, information and ideas between East the Soviet Union's ideas more than in the quirements and wishes is the declared aim and West. At first the Soviet Union was past. that the Western class enemy should be grad­ unwilling to discuss even the possibility of The mUitary superiority achieved is con­ ually outstripped and vanquished. It is there­ any social opening, that is to say a reduc­ sidered and employed as a factor of political fore a question of establishing within the tion of the protective barriers erected by the strength. It can therefore be understood why December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39981 the Soviet leadership, even though it is not on the west and gradually take over the secu­ intervention on the one side and hopeless considering military employment of its forces rity and economic functions of these Western defence risks on the other-could then be in the foreseebale future, is continuing to groupings. Nato, the Western European Union perfected and guaranteed. increase its armanents and opposes the fixing and the European Community would there­ One of the demands raised by the East in of a balanced military relationship between fore lose the basis of their existence. At the connection with the European Security Con­ East and West. At the strategic arms limita• same 'time Moscow looks upon the Warsaw ference indicates the course that would be tion talks (Salt) the Soviet side is trying to Pa.ct organisation as an instrument that will taken. Western governments, it is stated, maintain and expand the quantitative lead increase in importance as the process of should no longer use the excuse of Western it was granted as a result of its one-time detente progresses. The Pan-European agency freedom of opinion to shirk their respon­ qualitative inferiority, even though it has for security and cooperation aimed for by the sibility for ensuring that the only influence now caught up technologically. During talks Soviet side at the current European Security emanating from their countries are in ac­ on a. mutual and balanced reduction of forces Conference would determine and strengthen cordance with peace and morality. In other (MBFR) the Soviet negotiators a.re trying Western Europe's reorientation to an alliance words, Western governments are expected to to make their Western partners agree to an with the USSR. exercise censorship in their societies with the arrangement which would increase· the East's MISLEADING BASIC ASSUMPTIONS aim of preserving the States of the Soviet qualitative superiority in Europe. The camp from the Western influences which are official argument states that the balance of A system of collective security is a. basically undesirable to the drafters of Soviet policy. power favouring the East should not be re­ dubious method of preserving peace. Ac­ In the event of Soviet hegemony over West­ served. From the Soviet view-point only cording to the basic idea. behind this scheme, ern Europe it could be forecast without dif­ increasing military superiority on the part of any member State attacked would always be ficulty that Western governments would be the Ea.st provides a. guarantee that op­ able to rely on the support of other members. requested to ensure that Eastern Europe was posing forces will be kept in check and its Accordingly, any victim of an a.ct of aggres­ shielded against Western ideology and that own aims achieved by peaceful means. sion should have an overwhelming majority pro-Soviet communist forces in Western of the powers and superior power on its side. societies should be guaranteed ideal operat­ SOVIET PROPOSAL Therefore, the argument runs, the possible The Soviet proposal for multilateral re­ ing conditions. aggressor could not hope for success and It is probably no coincidence that Soviet nunciation of the use of threat of force would consequently be deterred from using between States of different systems indi­ statements always contain reminders that force from the very outset. That is the theory. "peaceful coexistence" and the rules of pro­ cates that military strength is not to be In practice, it is quite different, as the League made politically effective by means of un­ cedure governing this will have to be "im­ of Nations experience revealed. Two basic as­ posed" on imperialism. Finally, the repre­ qualified coercion. But military strength sumptions a.re revealed to be misleading on can also help influence international rela­ sentatives of the Western system will be closer examination. In a. case of crisis, it is not forced to accept the prospect of increasing tions in different fashion. A power which clear to everyone who the aggressor is nor possesses the ability to exert irresistible suppression without being able to take coun­ are States committed to support the country termeasures. force in a specific sector and at the same time attacked willing to sacrifice their own inter­ reveals its desire to push through its objec­ ests. If a State has more ties with the ag­ SOVIET POWER OPPORTUNITIES tives against inferior countries will not gressor than the country attacked, it will at The extent to which these Soviet ideas of generally need to make any express threat to most remain neutral. "peaceful coexistince" materialise depend on emphasise its wishes. Those countries which Even those countries which advocate sup­ the opportunities the state and the conduct need to fear possible armed conflict will prob­ port in principle will first of all calculate the of Western groupings offer the spread of ably consider it the lesser evil to step down risks of action. As the roles of attacker and Soviet power. The Soviet leadership is com­ in time and as a. precaution eliminate any attacked are not always obvious, or at least pletely aware of this fact. It is always seeking factor that could result in the outbreak of exposed to propagandist distortion, a viola­ to derive the maximum of advantage but is hostilities. This situation could arise in rela­ tion of commitments entered into can always also willing to accept more balanced arrange­ tions between the USSR and the States be represented as conforming to the agree­ ments when the aim in sight has proved un­ of Western Europe if the Eastern bloc was ment by stressing the right facts. attainable after long and stubborn efforts. able to increase its qualitative military Additional problems arise if the scheme of Admittedly, the current crisis in the Atlantic superiority in Europe or if it found itself in collective security in Europe is to guarantee alliance, Western European integration, a position of power without a counterbalance peace between East and West. Among the Western self-assertion and democratic liberal due to possible estrangement between West­ European States the Soviet Union would awareness does not make Soviet modesty ap­ ern Europe and the United States. In pos5ess military superiority and this state of pear appropriate. Moscow therefore believes this case it would be more than probable that affairs would still remain if the other powers that there are good prospects for a pro­ Western European governments would see combined. In these circumstances the Soviet gramme of coexistence demanding from themselves forced to conform more and more Union would automatically assume the role Western countries an unreserved social open­ to Moscow's wishes even though they might of a. protector and hegemonial power over all ing for enemy attacks, a far-reaching dis­ not be expressly faced by threats of force. of Europe, it would not need to make allow­ mantling of instruments of milltary power The Soviet side is evidently aiming at a ances for other States in its actions and and general confidence in the peaceful and development of this type. Even today Mos­ would at the same time become the deci­ harmless nature of Soviet policy, while pre­ cow's propaganda towards the West occasion­ sive power in cases of dispute arising in other scribing for the Warsaw Pa.ct countries strict ally employs military superiority as an ar­ sectors. In the case of conflicts between West­ measures to ward off Western influence, con­ gument why European countries outside the ern and Eastern countries, it would have to tinuing consolidation of their military posi­ Warsaw Pact should agree with Soviet ideas. be assumed the criterion used in defining the tions in Europe and a complete prevention The Western Europeans in particular a.re aggressor would be based on the Russians' of "misplaced confidence" in the West. called upon to abandon the concept of deter­ ideological theory that "socialist States" can­ Current Soviet arguments skillfully take rence and the preservation of military balance not be guilty of causing the outbreak of advantage of the West's weaknesses. Signi­ and cease the "confrontation" resulting from armed hostilities in view of their social struc­ ficantly, the theory of possible milltary in­ the existence of the Atlantic Pact. Western ture. The existence of the "socialist com­ feriority on the Eastern side with which attempts to offer military opposition to the munity" as an active alliance strictly regi­ certain groups like to play down conceivable USSR in Europe are hopeless from the very mented by the USSR (and based ideologically dangers from the East and encourage uni• outset in view of Soviet strength, propagan­ on what has become known as the Brezhnev lateral Western disarmament ls not accepted. dists claim. At the same time this policy leads doctrine) rules out varying action on the The existence of a large Soviet military force to risks of instability and war which a.re un­ part of Warsaw Pact States in case of con­ is not to be supplanted from the minds of the tenable for Western Europe. As a way out of flict from the very beginning. But a sys'tem Western public in case the USSR's political this situation it is suggested that 'the coun­ of collective security in Europe would tend proposals lose some of their weight. Instead, tries of Europe should found their security to weaken and eventually end the USA's as Michail Voslenski recently wrote, Western on the Soviet Union's renunciation of force security commitment. deliberations must be based on the premise and promise to preserve peace as the Soviet AIM OF SOVIET COEXISTENCE that Soviet military power is "not a threat Union is the only power with sufficient mili­ to other countries but a. factor in the pres­ tary means to keep such promises. This con­ The envisaged security system would be an ideal means of achieving the gradual transi­ ervation of peace". In other words, military cept of a. hegemonial security guarantee for superiority is not to be considered as alarm­ Europe would be furthered if a system of tion from "capitalism" to "socialism" that is an aim of Soviet coexistence. This would ing when it is in Soviet hands. Western Eu­ European liaison were to institutionalise po­ rope is to base its future security on this iitical relations to the USSR for the conti­ create a state of affairs on the European con­ tinent which would only allow the USSR and assurance. Michail Voslenski interprets signs nent's Western-oriented countries. of political disorientation in Western socie­ This is the way the Soviet leadership would its allies to use military force in the pursu­ ance of its aims. As a result, the Western ties as proof that "this realisation" is be­ like its proposals on "European security" to ginning to be accepted in the West as well. It be considered. The USSR's foreign policy ex­ nations of Europe would depend on Soviet cannot be deemed possible, he adds rhe­ perts have long claimed that a system of col­ goodwill and would therefore have to accept torically, that the Western Europeans were lective security must be established in unreservedly Soviet conditions for the social more worked up about bans on Sunday driv­ Europe. A network of Pan-European struc­ struggle between East and West. The already ing than the growing precariousness of the tures would therefore be superimposed on the existing one-sidedness of success prospects security situation, if there was such a thing. alliances and partnerships currently existing on both sides-the largely riskless chances of "What rational human being would consider 39982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 such a schizophrenic attitude of whole na­ militancy and in the longer term displays in­ never-ending purposes and certainly her tions and States to be possible!" No--West­ terest in an East-West relationship based on favorite reform effort was the education of ern conduct could only be interpreted as evi­ tolerance and understanding. females to become more than hearthside dence of "confidence in the peaceful inten­ hostesses. Step by step through the years tions of the USSR". At the same time this is she campaigned for high schools for girls, meant to display irrefutably the harmless­ THE FEMALE EQUATION promoted the idea of normal schools and col­ ness of Soviet policy. leges for women, even outrageously urged MILITANT NATURE OF RELATIONS medical education for women at a time when But Soviet commentators and politicians HON. PATSY T. MINK such training was regarded as plainly in­ consider it quite certain that relations with OF HAWAII appropriate for "delicate souls." The con­ the West wlll also have to be of a militant IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clusion of her editorial career of nearly a nature even if the conflict has to be re­ half a century marked the beginning of the strained in certain aspects because of the Friday, December 13, 1974 upsurge in higher education opportunities risks existing and the USSR displays great Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, I would like for women throughout the land. interest in many of the West's economic and to call to the attention of the Members Far-reaching events other than the influ­ techno1ogtcal achievements. ence of The Lady's Book made 1837 a his­ During all practical cooperation resulting the following excellent article which ap­ toric year for women. That was the year from Soviet needs, the Eastern camp's re­ peared in the November issue of the for realization of the dream and crystalli­ lationship with the West must therefore be American Education magazine written zation of the career of Mary Lyon, who determined by the awareness of an insur­ by Kathryn G. Heath who is Assistant wanted young women to have the chance to mountable antithesis and unrelenting mili­ for Special Studies in the U.S. Office of attend a seminary of superior academic tancy if "socialism" is not to give itself up. Education: quality at an inferior price. Against almost A large number of institutions deriving the THE FEMALE EQUATION interminable discouragements, she raised justification for their existence from ideol­ funds through private philanthropy for a dis­ ogy are continually converting this ideologi­ (By Kathryn G. Heath) tinguished institution that offered its first cal maxim into political action. Whenever Sixteen years before A Vindication of the instruction in 1837 and, in time, became Soviet interests demand measures of Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft Mount Holyoke College. That year also saw cooperation or a pragmatic renunciation of was published in England, a Colonial woman the inauguration of co-education at the confrontation, these ideological tribunals on the other side of the Atlantic wrote a college level, and three of the first four have to subject this action to strict examina­ prophetic letter to a delegate to the Con­ women for the four-year course received their tion of the possible effects of this col­ tinental Congress in Philadelphia. The date B.A. degrees in 1841 from Oberlin Collegiate laboration. The practical conditions and was March 31, 1776-midway between the Institute. theoretical interpretation set out serve the New Year's Day publication of Thomas Their matriculation proved, however, to be aim of giving colloboration with representa­ Paine's Common Sense and the signing of the something less than a recognition of the tives of the West the function of purely Declaration of Independence. principle of equality of educational op­ pragmatic conduct without any indication The author of the letter was Abigail Adams, portunity for the two sexes, for they were of partnership. The ideological and institu­ wife of one future President and mother of barred from the study of Greek or La tin on tional structures of the Soviet camp aim at another, who had learned to read and write the ground that the "rigors of these lan­ neutralising the politically psychological ef­ without benefit of the formal schooling guages" were too great for the "female fect that could result from detente and usually reserved for her peers of the opposite mind." Moreover, a gross disparity in timing cooperation between East and West so sex. Its recipient was her husband, whom she was involved. The decision to establish the that the guiding light of militancy against admonished: institution soon known as Harvard College the West can be upheld uncontested under " ... in the new Code of Laws which I was made in 1636, and the first class of conditions involving a renunciation of Cold suppose it will be necessary for you to make "English and Indian youth"-meaning War. I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and males-was admitted two years later. By ELIMINATION OF WESTERN SYSTEM be more generous and favourable to them contrast, 199 years were to pass before the The idea that the Western countries' sys­ than your ancestors . ... If particular care first door was opened to baccalaureate de­ tem must be eliminated is an important de­ and. attention is not paid to the Ladies we grees for women. And for that matter, it termlnating factor in Moscow's long-term are determined to foment a Rebellion, and took another half century before Harvard's political considerations. This gives rise in will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws coordinate sister, Radcliffe College, offered particular to moral justification of a code of in W,~ich we have no voice or Representation. instruction resulting in conferral (in 1894) conduct which uninhibited pursues the A century later, however, and for almost of the first baccalaureate degree on a East's own advantage and alms relentlessly "Cliffie." at the elimination of other power blocs. As a century after that, educational oppor­ tunities as well as laws remained consider­ In any case, the early decades of the 19th the East's own aims of dominion are century did at least see the first steps coupled with its claim to ideological ably less than "generous and favourable" as far as "the Ladies" were concerned. Even so, toward introducing women to organized sec­ supremacy, the clash With the West appears ondary and postsecondary education, tenta­ as a bitter "struggle" or even "war", and there were some indications along the way that men might be forced one day to face the tive though that introduction may havf'I never as "rivalry". In other words, the East been. In addition, an alternative to privately is unwilling to recognize any rules which female equation. An early sign arose in 1819 when Emma financed education for women also had be­ would grant the opponent a rise to advan­ gun to emerge. A State law enacted in 1827 tages and opportunities and accordingly tend Willard issued An Address to the Public; Particularly to the Members of the Legisla­ reauired towns of a certain size in Mas­ to restrict its own freedom of manoeuvre. sachusetts to employ a master to offer "in­ It ls more a question of refusing the other ture of New York Proposing a Plan for Im­ proving Female Education. A Magna Carta struction of utility" to young lads, and towns side as many advantages and opportunities of a larger size to broaden that instruction as possible and at the same time warding off for the higher schooling of women, the plan called for public endowment of an institu­ to include such subjects as Greek and Latin. all risks and disadvantages which threaten To get their money's worth, these towns one's own side. The more onesidedly the rules tion that would offer systematized instruc­ tion having educational substance. The leg­ sometimes allowed girls to fill empty places of battle favour one's own camp the in the classes. A more subtle but in the better. An attitude of this type does not islature proved apathetic but the citizens of the town of Troy came to her aid, and the long run more significant development also necessarily exclude the use of force. After occurred in Massachusetts in the form of all, it would appear to favour the opponent Troy Female Seminary she founded in 1821 led to others. For example, Catharine laws enacted between 1827 and 1834 that unjustifiably if the East were not to seize required tax support for public schools and the certain chance resulting from the use of Beecher, an early advocate of domestic science, opened a school in Hartford in 1822 declared them free to pupils. arms 1n a specific situation. Soviet adherence Ultimately this concept of universal tax­ to a basically anti-Western attitude is there­ and later the Western Female Institute in Cincinnati. An activist in what she termed supported schooling was to give a dramatic fore no basis for coexistence that would really new dimension to the principle of equality be peaceful. "securing professional advantages of educa­ tion for my sex equal to those bestowed on set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Coexistence between East and West is still but that time was not at hand in 1840. Wit­ burdened by political tension and the risk of men," she sought to arouse the public to endow still other institutions for the liberal ness the Sixth Decennial Census conducted the direct or indirect use of force. The that year. At the instigation of Henry factors inhibiting the use of military force education of women. result from the situation and not from a In 1882, a different approach to the en­ Barnard of Connecticut (later to be the first basic desire for peace. There is therefore couragement of female education began to U.S. Commissioner of Education), statistics only a guarantee of continued peace and de­ unfold. Sarah Josepha Buell Hale, a writer about schooling were included for the first who had been tutored by her Dartmouth time. women, however, like blacks and In­ tente if both sides continue to possess the dians, were not considered in the enumera­ political and military arsenals to convince brother, began to publish the new Ladies the other side of the impracticability of Magazine. Two years later Louis A. Godey tion o! citizens over the age of 20 who could uninhibited force as a means of resolving started The Lady's Book, and in 1837-a neither read nor write. conflicts and if sufficiently balanced condi­ landmark year as it developed-bought out Similarly, women abolitionists were ex­ tions of political confrontation within the his competitio:1 and ensconced Mrs. Hale cluded from delegate participation in a societies arise so that the Sovet leadership as literary editor. Her work quickly gained World Anti-Slavery Convention held in Lon­ no longer derives any advantage from its a national reputation for Godey. One of her don in 1841, even when they represented December 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 39983 antislavery groups composed entirely of this country and in Europe." The subtitle 1971, in Reed v. Reed, that the Court began females. For two of the women thus ex­ was a telling clue to women's contemporary to change its stance. cluded, that action was the last straw. Said educational and employmnet status. Semi­ Winning the right to vote was nevertheless Elizabeth Cady Stanton to her friend naries were at a lower level than colleges, and a major victory for women, but it was one Lucretia Mott. "When we return home, we those seminaries open to women did not offer of the last they were to claim at the national must hold a convention and form a society training in such "men's fields" as the minis­ level until World War II. They continued, of to advance the rights of women." The result try, law, medicine, agriculture, and the me­ course, to make progress on their own. De­ was the first women's rights conference chanical arts. spite accumulating evidence that females the Nation had ever seen, convened in 1848 Shortly thereafter (in June of 1867) the were treated as second-class citizens by the at Seneca Falls, New York. Commissioner issued a Circular Respecting schools and colleges, when war clouds broke And so it was that three quarters of a Female Education, seeking current informa­ over the horizon in 1939 the United States century after Abigail Adams made her pre­ tion from leaders in education at home and could claim the lion's share of the best diction, the rebellion surfaced. The history abroad. Though the leaders were men, Com­ educated women in the world. In the mili­ of mankind, the delegates declared in their missioner Barnard's initiative was of no small tary and in civilian capacities ranging from overriding "sentiment," is "a history of re­ moment to the women's rights movement. Rosie the Riveter to entrepreneur, they won peated injuries and unsurpations on the This particular request inaugurated the Fed­ the Nation's respect. But not to the extent, as part of man toward woman, having in direct eral practice of routinely collecting, analyz­ individual leaders and various women's object the establishment of an absolute ing, and disseminating data on the educa­ groups insistently pointed out, that they tyranny over her." Buttressing this "senti­ tional status of girls and women. It also were treated on an equitable basis with men. ment" were 15 "facts" which they submitted established the foothold for Federal action In education, for example, male faculty mem­ "to a candid world." The one on education in the evolution that was to make the na­ bers received far higher salaries than their declared: "He had denied her the facilities tional Government a partner, albeit an often female counterparts, men overwhelmingly for obtaining a thorough education, all col­ reluctant one, in the rebelllon Abigail Adams dominated the ranks of school administra­ leges being closed to her." This statement had foreseen and the Seneca Falls Confer­ tors, countless women were snubbed by pro­ was almost but not quite true. College doors ence had launched. fessional schools. already had opened to women, but by so One such development occurred in 1909 Winds of change finally began to blow with small a crack that the 300 men and women with the convening of the first in a series of the establishment in 1961 of the President's at the Seneca Falls Conference evidently White House Conferences on Children and Commission on the Status of Women and a had not yet noticed it. Youth. Out of that initial meeting came, in In any case the Abigail Adams rebellion 1912, the establishment of the Children's followup drive by The National Federation had been launched, though numerous other Bureau, whose work in getting States to of Business and Professional Women's Clubs developments proved to be necessary before outlaw child labor served to supplement an to organize similar commissions at the State it achieved substance or even significant Office of Education drive to encourage com­ level, a move that ultimately resulted in recognition. pulsory school attendance throughout the formation of the Interstate Association of One such development occurred in 1862 land, with girls again being incidental bene­ Commissions on the Status of Women. It was while the Nation's Civil War was raging. ficieries in both cases. Seven years later the not until March of 1963, however, that the President Lincoln signed the Morrill Act as Secretary of War, impressed by the con­ modern women's liberation movement was the first of a series of Federal laws providing tributions of local women's groups in meet­ launched by the publication of The Feminine grants of land and other support for estab­ ing the Nation's needs in 1917-18, author­ Mystique, a book that established Betty Frie­ lishment and maintenance of what became ized some special funds to stimulate at­ dan as the Thomas Paine of the rebellion known as the "Land-Grant" institutions of tendance at a conference held in St. Louis Abigail Adams had called for nearly two cen­ higher learning. None of these laws con­ in 1919 which resulted in the founding of turies earlier. tained provisions specifically discriminating The National Federation of Business and This call to action was followed in Octo­ against females. Nevertheless, initial practice Professional Women's Clubs. Indignant over ber by American Women, the report of the in the States often barred women from ad­ the prevalent attitude that the education of President's Commission and the first effort mission, and even after that situation began girls was less important than that of boys, to produce a composite picture of the status to be eased they were either excluded or else the Federation mounted as one of its early of women for purposes of national policy­ denied anything approaching equal access programs a nationwide campaign, carried making. The report called, for example, for a to programs in certain fields-forestry, law, out through State and local clubs with the drastic revision of the structure of educa­ and medicine, for example--on grounds that cooperation of leaders in education, to en­ tion so as to provide for "practicable and ac­ these were not "women's fields" or that courage girls to stay in school beyond the cessible opportunities, developed with re­ women would not put into productive use eighth grade. gard for the needs of women, to complete ele­ the expensive training involved. The following year, 1920, brought some mentary and secondary school and to con­ Still, the Land-Grant institutions did open landmark advances in the drive for women's tinue education beyond high school ..." up wider opportunities for women-not only rights, again with action at the Federal level. Less than a month later President Kennedy in these institutions but in an array of pri­ June 5 marked the establishment of the established an Interdepartmental Commit­ vate institutions of higher learning, includ­ Women's Bureau in the Department of La­ tee and a Citizen's Advisory Council on the ing many women's colleges established pri­ bor, with responsibility for formulating Status of Women, and not by coincidence marily in the East. As Mary Woolley put it standards and policies to promote the wel­ Congress shortly thereafter authorized the during her Mount Holyoke College presi­ fare of wage-earning women. Its early studies Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and for dency, the era of expansion from about 1875 made official what women already knew: Re­ continuing education in the Higher Edu­ until the first World War was marked "by an gardless of how much education they had, cation Act of 1965. advance in the education of women such as they occupied the low rungs on the employ­ Such advances were accompanied, how­ the world has never seen." Moreover, with ment ladder. Then on August 26 came the ever, by a note·worthy setback involving the the incentive thus established to prepare addition to the Constitution of the 19th Civil Rights Act of 1964. As women leaders more students for higher education, schools Amendment, enfranchising women nation­ were quick to point out, though this contro­ l!lelow collegiate level began to be created at wide-72 years after such action had been versial legislation was strong in prohibiting an accelerated rate, and females were the in­ called for at the Seneca Falls Conference and discrimination in public education on the cidental beneficiaries. 50 years after the antislavery 15th Amend­ basis of race, color, religion, or national ori­ Meanwhile, the Civil War brought a fresh ment recognized the right to vote for "citi­ gin, it was silent on sex discrimination. Thus, examination of Congressional power under zens of the United States" (a term that did they said, educational institutions could and the Constitution to "provide for the common not extend to females, as Susan B. Anthony did continue to discriminate against girls Defense and general Welfare of the United demonstrated when she was arrested and and women in admissions, the right to take States." There ensued a new exploration of convicted for trying to enter a poliing booth particular courses, and opportunities for the scope of power at Federal level and of in 1872). scholarships and fellowships. Moreover, wom­ those areas-education was one-involving Momentous though the 19th Amendment en performing educational duties in edu­ concerns and issues that transcend State cational institutions were exempted from cov­ lines. One consequence was a memorial to the was, the celebration of that breakthrough was considerably dimmed by the fact that erage under the equal employment opportu­ Congress resulting in legislation enacted nity provisions of the law, thus affirming March 2, 1867, and establishing what was to women as individuals still were excluded by the Supreme Court from coverage by the 14th such existing practices as lower pay for wom­ become the U.S. Office of Education. It was en than for men, fewer opportunities for pro­ created, according to language in the law, to Amendment, adopted in 1868 and prohibiting "persons" (interpreted as males) from being motion, and poorer fringe benefits. These "aid the people of the United States in the injuries were in turn compounded, the wom­ establishment and maintenance of efficient denied "due process of law" and "equal pro­ tection of the laws." A case in point was that en felt, when the related Executive Order school systems, and otherwise promote the 11246-issued the next year-ignored sex dis­ cause of education throughout the country." of Myra Bradwell in 1872. Though she had crimination under thousands of Federal con­ Henry Barnard, the first Commissioner of duly been educated in law, an Illinois stat­ tracts with schools and colleges and under Education, immediately developed a Plan of ute was used to deny her the right to prac­ federally assisted construction contracts. Publication calllng· for a series of studies of tice. The United States Supreme Court up­ Number 11246 was destined to become one what he saw as some of the major educa­ held the State law and refused to apply the of the more noted of the Executive Orders tional issues confronting the Nation. One 14th Amendment in her case, though it did that are issued from time to time, for it at­ was entitled "Female Education, with an ac­ so in employment suits involving males, in­ tracted the particular attention of the var­ count of different seminaries for females in cluding alien men. It was, in fact, not until ious new activist groups that were coming 39984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 14, 1974 into being. One of these was the National the Publlc Health Service Act adopted in pers to the law now in effect as to other Organization for Women, more familiarly November of 1971 which forced some 1,400 modes of transportation. known as NOW. Founded in October of 1966. schools and training centers in medical and In effect, the amendment would add NOW was the first of what soon became an other health fields to open their doors as 17047, array of vigorous organizations established wide to women as to men-as a condition the provisions of H.R. introduced to fight for women's rights, and its members for further Federal financial assistance. Be­ earlier by me. to the legislation before promptly selected Executive Order 11246 as yond its more visible impact, this legislative us. a primary target. Lobbying their case with breakthrough brought home what was Pursuant to permission granted, I in­ the Department of Justice, the Civil Service quickly recognized as a guiding principle. sert into the RECORD a letter from the Commission, the Citizens• Advisory Council As Carnegie Corporation President Alan Pifer Civil Aeronautics Board in support of the on the Status of Women, and the White put it, "Without the threat of coercion it provisions of H.R. 17047 and so the pro­ House itself, they were able just 12 months seems unlikely higher education would have visions of the amendment, which ex­ later to point with considerable satisfaction budged an inch on this issue. Certainly it to Executive order 11375, which amended had every chance to do so and failed." plains the need for, and the working of its predecessor by adding a prohibition of dis­ Then an organized lobbying blitzkrieg in the amendment. The letter follows: cr1m1nat1on by sex. the 92nd Congress by women's groups and CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD, That was no small victory, for the revised their supporters proved successful-after 49 Washington, D.O., December 13, 1974. Order was the first (and for a time the only) years of struggle-in winning endorsement Hon. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, Federal mandate bearing on the situation. by both houses of the Congress of a joint Chairman, Committee on Interstate and For­ Although some observers initially may have resolution proposing an Equal Rights eign Commerce, House of Representa­ seen this administrative flat as little more Amendment to the Constitution. "Equality tives, Washington, D.C. than a palliative to some irate females, its of rights under the law," it declares, "shall DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: This is in reply to potential was to be made clear by another of not be denied or abridged by the United your request for the Board's views on H.R. the new activist groups-the Women's Equity States or by any State on account of sex." 17047, a bill "To amend the Federal Aviation Action League (WEAL). Organized in No­ Final action on the resolution calling for Act of 1958 to prohibit the solicitation or vember of 1968, WEAL jolted academe 14 the amendment, which now ts in the hands acceptance of rebates by shippers of property months later by starting to file specific and of the States for the necessary 38 ratifica­ in air transportation, and for other pur­ class action charges against hundreds of in­ tions, came on March 22, 1972. poses." stitutions of higher learning in virtually Two days later the Equal Employment Op­ Section 403 ( b) of the Federal Aviation Act every section of the Nation, accusing them portunity Act of 1972 broadened the purview (49 U.S.C. 1373(b)) prohibits air carriers and of discrimination by sex and relying on the of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include foreign air carriers from granting rebates, amended Order. In the following year, and persons (a word that now at last includes and carriers engaging in such practices are again relying on the revised Order as its au­ women) employed by States and their politi­ subject to criminal penalties under section thority, came another sweeping attack, this cal subdivisions and those employed in edu­ 902(d) of the Act (49 U.S.C. 1472(d)). time by the newly established Professional cational activities in private as well as public H.R. 17047 would amend section 403(b) Women's Caucus, organized to cut across the educational institutions. so as to prohibit shippers of property In air professions and thus assure a spectrum of ex­ Three months after that came the Educa­ transportation and certain other specified pertise in activities aimed at opening up tion Amendments of 1972, a far-reaching act persons from soliciting or accepting rebates. educational and professional opportunities that included a legal blockbuster on behalf Persons violating the prohibitions would be for girls and women. Charges by the Caucus of girls and women. With speclfied excep­ subject to the section 902(d) penalties. were directed at all law schools having Fed­ tions, it declared, "No person in the United Rebating ts a serious problem for a number eral contracts. In total, more than 2,500 ac­ States shall, on the basts of sex, be excluded of reasons. One is that it enables some ship­ credited institutions of higher learning found from participation in, be denied the benefits pers to obtain advantages that others do themselves under class action charges. of, or be subjected to discrimination under not enjoy. Another is that rebating can have Thus did the drive for women's rights gain any education program or activity receiving material and detrimental effects on the fi­ momentum, leading to a number of addi­ Federal financial assistance." Since the nancial health of the carriers, and ultimately tional advances at the Federal level. In mid- great majority of schools and colleges do in on the air transportation system. The Con­ 1970 the Department of Health, Education, fact receive such assistance, and want to gress it.self has recognized the serious dif­ and Welfare's Office of Civil Rights notified continue doing so, the recently proposed ficulties that rebating can cause by forbid­ its regional directors that "Investigations of Federal regulations for carrying out this act ding the carriers to engage in the practice sex discrimination must be a part of all com­ charts a level of change not far from revo- and by imposing criminal penalties on them pliance review, and .•. all affirmative action 1u tionary. for violations. plans in the future must address themselves From these major legislative advances­ Shippers of property by rail, motor and to overcoming matters of sex discrimina­ and from other legislative action that is fill­ water carriers are made subject to penalties tion." ing in the gaps, from an array of court de­ by various provisions of the Interstate Com­ Meanwhile, encouraged by Republican Con­ cisions and consent decrees, and from the merce Act (49 U.S.C. 1) and the Elkins Act gresswomen, President Nixon in 1969 had vigorous campaign to win ratification of the (49 U.S.C. 41(3)) for soliciting or accepting appointed a Task Force on Women's Rights Equal Rights Amendment-come the signs rebates. In addition, shoppers by ocean car­ and Responsibilities. Out of the recom­ that the female equation will one day be riers are subject to penalties under the Ship­ mendations contained in its subsequent re­ brought into balance. That day may not be ping Act, 1916 (46 U.S.C. 815) for engaging port-A Matter of Simple Justice-came such just around the corner. Nevertheless, as the in similar practices. The Boa.rd understands developments as the appointment of the first Nation prepares to celebrate its 20oth anni­ that inclusion of these statutory prohibi­ woman counselor to the President and the versary, it is reasonable to expect that the tions has operated as a deterrent against establishment of an Office of Women's Pro­ rebellion which Abigail Adams sought to shippers seeking rebates. grams in the White House: extension of the foment in 1776--like the one her husband In view of the foregoing, the Board sup­ jurisdiction of the Commission on Civil then was engaged in-will be crowned with ports the enactment of H.R. 17047. Rights to include sex discrimination; addi­ success. Sincerely, tions to equal pay provisions of the Fair Labor ROBERT D. TIMM, Standards Act of 1938 to cover executive, ·ad­ Chairman. ministrative, and professional employees, In­ cluding teachers; and establishment of a REBATES ON AIR FREIGHT Women's Program Staff in the Office of Edu­ cation. Also sparked by the report were es­ FARM BUREAU PRESIDENT WARNS tablishment of the Secretary's Advisory Com­ HON. ·JOHN D. DINGELL AGAINST NEW GOVERNMENT BU­ mittee on Women's Rights and Responsibili­ OF MICHIGAN REAUCRACY, BLASTS OSHA ties and appointment of a task force in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Office of Education to examine and advise on Friday, December 13, 1974 the impact on women of programs adminis­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK tered by the Department as a whole and the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the OF OHIO Office of Education in particular. amendment bans solicitation or accept­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By application of such administrative pres­ ance of rebates by shippers of airfreight. sure, the women's rights movement was Friday, December 13, 1974 achieving change. but the pace was frustrat­ At this time the giving thereof is illegal. ingly glacial. It was time, the women's groups But foreign-flag carriers with fair regu­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speake1·, I was and their supporters determined, to renew larity offer financial incentives. rebates, very impressed with a recent speech by their efforts along that most characteristic­ and so forth, to American shippers. William Kuhfuss, president of the Amer­ ally American route to redress of griev­ Other statutes relating to other car­ ican Farm Bureau Federation. In an ances-through legislation. Thus as the Na­ riers on land and water now prohibit this address to the National Association of tion entered its bicentennial decade, a con­ practice, but CAB has no power to halt Independent Insurers, Kuhfuss warned centrated drive was launched to achieve that the creation of new Government bu­ through new legislation the equity that the this practice, soliciting and accepting re­ inertia. of custom and tradition denied. bates by American suppliers. reaucracies such as the Consumer Pro· Among the landmark Federal legislation The amendment I offer conforms the tection Agency could result in new highs enacted thereafter was an amendment to law relating to air carriers and air ship- in the cost of living. Kuhfuss stated: December 16, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 39985 s!;very new government agency swells the all existing federal agencies, intervening in and has added to the cost of everything already bloated federal payrolls, puts a. new all regulatory activities of ea.ch agency, from cars to food. The top example of the burden on the taxpayer, and adds . to the saddling business with new red tape, and inconvenience a.nd increased cost imposed cost of doing business. These increased busi­ adding to the cost of their operations," on the driving public was the ignition inter­ ness costs are passed on to the consumer in Kuhfuss said. lock safety belts on cars. Congress exhibited higher prices. "Every new government agency swells the good common sense in revoking this regula­ already bloated federal payrolls, puts a new tion because of the united and militant Kuhfuss also had strong criticism for burden on the taxpayer, and adds to the cost resistance to 'Big Brother' dictation. But one bureaucracy that is already in ex­ of doing business. These increased business how many other orders arbitrarily imposed istence-the Occupational Safety and costs are passed on to the consumer in high­ on consumers can gain sufficient support Health Administration-OSHA. He er prices." . to achieve revocation? pointed out that some OSHA regulations Kuhfuss said that the legislation set for "Farmers, who constitute only 4.4 percent demonstrate a lack of practical knowl­ introduction in the 1975 Congress calls for of the U.S. population, have had an almost the establishment of a Consumer Protection impossible Job in challenging some of edge of farming operations. Although Agency. Such a blll was killed September 19 OSHA's unrealistic regulations which have OSHA regulations waste many hours, in the Senate with Senator Sam Ervin of handicapped agricultural producers in meet­ they achieve little in safety. Kuhfuss North Carolina leading the opposition. Sena­ ing record food needs. Farmers and ranchers went on to say: tor Ervin's retirement places Senator Abra­ have taken many hours from their produc­ Farmer, who constitute only 4.4 percent ham Ribicoff of Connecticut as chairman of tion jobs to appear at OSHA public hear­ of the U.S. population, have had an almost the Senate's Government Operations Com­ ings. Proposed regulations on some manda­ impossible job in challenging some of OSHA's mittee. Senator Riblcoff was the author of tory safety requirements on farm machinery, unrealistic regulations which have handi­ the original Consumer Protection Agency for example, reveal considerable lack of capped agricultural producers in meeting bill. knowledge of the practici:i-1 applications in­ record food needs. Farmers and ranchers "Some might think that Farm Bureau is volved in farm operations. Of equal impor­ have taken many hours from their produc­ not interested in consumer legislation be­ tance is the waste of time, manpower, and tion jobs to appear at OSHA public hearings. cause farmers are not thought of as consum­ resources in relation to the achievement of Proposed regulations on some mandatory ers. This is a common misunderstanding. increased safety. safety requirements on farm machinery, for Modern farm families are not only consum­ "Agricultural producers know from experi­ example, reveal considerable lack of knowl­ ers of food, housing, clothing, and other ence the tremendous cost of government edge of the practical applications involved goods and services necessary for family liv­ bureaucracy. For some 40 years, farmers and in farm operations. Of equal importance ls ing, but they are also major consumers of ranchers were subject to the self-defeating the waste of time, manpower, and resources industrial products used in farm production. controls of a federal farm program that put in relation to the achievement of increased Farmers buy one-fourth of all the trucks a ceiling on market prices and opportuni­ safety. produced in America, 10 percent of the U.S. ties and cost taxpayers billions of dollars. petroleum output, and five percent of the Today, agricultural ptoducers are relatively I agree wholeheartedly with Kuhfuss' nation's steel products. free of such controls only to discover new sentiments. I had doubts about OSHA "Farm Bureau believes that government problems created by federal regulatory wheh it was first proposed and I voted standards of quality, safety, health, and agencies," Kuhfuss said. against its final passage in the House. labeling have an important role in protect­ The farm leader said he favored the pro­ My doubts have certainly been con­ ing consumers and we already have a wide posed study by the Administration of the firmed. Farmers and businessmen are range of more than 45 federal regulatory inflationary effects of the federal regulatory being forced to comply with more and agencies operating in this and other areas agency operations such as Interstate Com­ of public concern. merce Commission regulations on transpor­ more OSHA regulations-regulations "Such a list, to name a few, would include t ation. that are difficult and costly to meet. the Food and Drug Administration, Federal "There is merit in such a study and I It is time that Congress moved to cut Trade Commission, Interstate Commerce would hope it is started as soon as possible. bureaucratic redtape. Rather than cre­ Commission, Federal Power Commission, At the same time I would hope that the ating additional Government bureaucra­ Securities and Exchange Commission, Com­ new Congress will cooperate in cutting gov­ cies, Congress should thoroughly review modity Futures Trading Commission, Pack­ ernment spending and balancing the ers and Stockyards Administration, Federal budget," Kuhfuss said. the ones that are already in existence. Communications Commission, and many Following is an article on Kuhfuss' On no-fault insurance legislation, Kuhfuss others. To keep up with all federal regula­ reported that Farm Bureau favors the con­ speech from the November 25 edition of tions and proposals, the government issues tinuation of state, as opposed to federal, the Farm Bureau News: a Federal Register almost dally that some­ regulation of the automobile insurance KUHFUSS WARNS-LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS FOR times runs to 100 pages and requires a team industry. NEW CONGRESS COULD CAUSE NEW HIGHS IN of lawyers to interpret. "In AFBF's statement this past July before LIVING COSTS "If these agencies are not doing a job for the House Interior Subcommittee on Com­ The cost of living could climb to new consumers, as some proponents of the Con­ merce and Finance, it was made clear that highs under federal legislation scheduled to sumer Agency legislation contend, it is hardly Farm Bureau does not oppose the concept be introduced in the 1975 session of Con­ likely that creation of another 'super agency' of no-fault,'' Kuhfuss said. gress, a national farm leader warns. will be of much practical value except to Discussing the availability of adequate The warning came from William J. Kuh­ provide more government jobs and more in­ crop insurance to farmers and ranchers, Kuh­ fuss, president of the American Farm come for lawyers. fuss said that the Farm Bureau has rec­ Bureau Federation, in an address to the "It is difficult to estimate how much ommended that the federal crop insurance 29th annual meeting of the National Asso­ proliferation of new regulatory agencies­ be converted to a reinsurance program. ciation of Independent Insurers. such as the Environmental Protection "Our policy states that suc:1 a program be "Consumers should be alert to legislation Agency and the Occupational Safety and sound actuarily, and premiums should be which would establish a new super govern­ Health Administration-has slowed the U.S. adequate to include reasonable charges for ment bureaucracy to be imposed on top of economy, both industrial and agricultural, administrative expense.

SENATE.-Monday, December 16, 19·74

The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was change the things that can be changed, the Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, called to order by the Acting President the serenity to accept the things that the Prince of Peace." Amen. pro tempore (Mr. METCALF). cannot be changed and the wisdom to know the difference. PRAYER While we toil through Advent days, THE JOURNAL The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward may we be star-led to the ancient stable Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following and the manger where truth became in­ prayer: I ask unanimous consent that the read­ carnate. May we follow the example of ing of the Journal of the proceedings of · O God, our Father, as we undertake the wise men of old and hear again the Saturday, December 14, 1974, be dis­ the tasks of a new week, we beseech Thee timeless refrain: "The government shall pensed with. to support us in all wise endeavors for be upon His shoulder: and His name The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ this Nation. Give us the courage to shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.