The Bridge Booklet Popular Conventions
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The Unusual Notrump
BB What’s Standard? by David Lindop This series is based on Grant Vulnerability is a consideration with Standard, a set of conventions and a borderline hand. The opponents agreements that are in popular use The Unusual will be quicker to double when we today, such as 15-17 1NT openings, Notrump are vulnerable, especially if they are five-card majors, and weak two- not. The longer and stronger the bids. A summary chart of Grant suits, the less riskier it is to bid 2NT. Standard and the corresponding We can afford to give this ‘unusual’ WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH convention card can be found at ♠ meaning to 2NT because we rarely 1 ? www.AudreyGrant.com. The site hold a strong balanced hand of 20 Although there also has Grant Basic, a simpler set ♠ or more points when the opponents are only 8 high- 4 of agreements. ♥ — open the bidding. If we do get such card points, this ♦ Earlier articles in this series would be a good Q J 10 7 6 5 a hand, we can let partner know by ♣ K Q 10 9 8 3 appeared in the Bridge Bulletin and starting with a takeout double and hand to bid 2NT can also be found under ‘Articles’ at then bidding notrump—showing a even at unfavorable vulnerability. www.AudreyGrant.com. hand too strong to overcall 1NT. This hand would ♠ Suppose the auction starts: be a much riskier 4 hen the opponents open ♥ 8 3 WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH 2NT bid. We might the bidding, and we have a ♦ K Q 8 7 5 1♥ ? only take such an ♣ Wtwo-suited hand, we could action at favorable Q J 7 5 4 This would be an start by overcalling in the higher- ♠ 4 vulnerability, if at all. -
Slam Bidding Lesson
Slam Bidding and Modified Scroll Bids By Neil H. Timm In this Bridge Bit, I explore more fully Slam bidding techniques, some old and some perhaps new. To reach a small slam, the partnership should have roughly thirty-three Bergen points. In addition to a trump fit and count, slams require controls (aces, kings, voids, and singletons). The more controls between the partners, the easier the slam. To evaluate whether or not the partnership has the required controls, one uses cuebids with perhaps the 5NT trump ask bid (Grand Slam Force), and Blackwood Conventions. Blackwood Conventions reveal how many aces and kings, while cuebidding or control showing bids reveal where they reside. To make a slam, one usually requires first-round control in three suits and second round control in the fourth suit. It is possible to make a slam missing two aces, provided the missing ace is opposite a void, and the second missing ace is replaced by or is opposite a second-round control (a king or a singleton). When looking for a possible slam, one often asks the following questions. 1. What cards should my partner have to be able to make a slam? 2. How may I obtain the required information? 3. Are there any bidding techniques or conventions that I can use to obtain the required information? 4. If my partner does not have the required cards for a slam, can I stop short of slam, and if not is the risk of going down worth it? We shall review techniques to help the partnership find the required information for making a slam! However, with some hands one needs only to count points to reach a slam. -
Acol Bidding Notes
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION The following notes are designed to help your understanding of the Acol system of bidding and should be used in conjunction with Crib Sheets 1 to 5 and the Glossary of Terms The crib sheets summarise the bidding in tabular form, whereas these notes provide a fuller explanation of the reasons for making particular bids and bidding strategy. These notes consist of a number of short chapters that have been structured in a logical order to build on the things learnt in the earlier chapters. However, each chapter can be viewed as a mini-lesson on a specific area which can be read in isolation rather than trying to absorb too much information in one go. It should be noted that there is not a single set of definitive Acol ‘rules’. The modern Acol bidding style has developed over the years and different bridge experts recommend slightly different variations based on their personal preferences and playing experience. These notes are based on the methods described in the book The Right Way to Play Bridge by Paul Mendelson, which is available at all good bookshops (and some rubbish ones as well). They feature a ‘Weak No Trump’ throughout and ‘Strong Two’ openings. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ INDEX Section 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Bidding objectives & scoring Chapter 2 Evaluating the strength of your hand Chapter 3 Evaluating the shape of your hand . Section 2 Balanced Hands Chapter 21 1NT opening bid & No Trumps responses Chapter 22 1NT opening bid & suit responses Chapter 23 Opening bids with stronger balanced hands Chapter 24 Supporting responder’s major suit Chapter 25 2NT opening bid & responses Chapter 26 2 Clubs opening bid & responses Chapter 27 No Trumps responses after an opening suit bid Chapter 28 Summary of bidding with Balanced Hands . -
Hall of Fame Takes Five
Friday, July 24, 2009 Volume 81, Number 1 Daily Bulletin Washington, DC 81st Summer North American Bridge Championships Editors: Brent Manley and Paul Linxwiler Hall of Fame takes five Hall of Fame inductee Mark Lair, center, with Mike Passell, left, and Eddie Wold. Sportsman of the Year Peter Boyd with longtime (right) Aileen Osofsky and her son, Alan. partner Steve Robinson. If standing ovations could be converted to masterpoints, three of the five inductees at the Defenders out in top GNT flight Bridge Hall of Fame dinner on Thursday evening The District 14 team captained by Bob sixth, Bill Kent, is from Iowa. would be instant contenders for the Barry Crane Top Balderson, holding a 1-IMP lead against the They knocked out the District 9 squad 500. defending champions with 16 deals to play, won captained by Warren Spector (David Berkowitz, Time after time, members of the audience were the fourth quarter 50-9 to advance to the round of Larry Cohen, Mike Becker, Jeff Meckstroth and on their feet, applauding a sterling new class for the eight in the Grand National Teams Championship Eric Rodwell). The team was seeking a third ACBL Hall of Fame. Enjoying the accolades were: Flight. straight win in the event. • Mark Lair, many-time North American champion Five of the six team members are from All four flights of the GNT – including Flights and one of ACBL’s top players. Minnesota – Bob and Cynthia Balderson, Peggy A, B and C – will play the round of eight today. • Aileen Osofsky, ACBL Goodwill chair for nearly Kaplan, Carol Miner and Paul Meerschaert. -
The QBA Bulletin October - December 2019 2
HE ULLETIN TPublished by the QueenslandQBA Bridge Association BOctober-December 2019 Volume 45 No www.qldbridge.com.au Email: [email protected] 4 for the 2020 ANC in Adelaide. This From the is earlier than usual due to our GNOT Final crammed program. Stage 2 and the President trials for the Women and Seniors will be held as usual after the GCC, please consult the Calendar. The QBA AGM will be held on April 23 this year, and nominations for any Richard positions becoming vacant close on Ward Richard Wallis April 1. Thanks to Joan Butts for her many High-level Decisions HOPE that you all had a very Merry years of service to the QBA as the IXTY teams from all over I Christmas and can look forward to Teacher Trainer, a position that she SAustralia converged on Tweed a happy and prosperous 2020. relinquished at the end of 2019. Also Heads in late November to contest Coming up in February we have thanks to Neville Francis, for his the 2019 Grand National Teams the 59th International Gold Coast many years of service to the QBA Final. With 15 Queensland teams Bridge Congress, acknowledged as the Chairman of the Appeals entered, the top two teams would as one of the premier events world- Committee, from which he will stand earn subsidised trips to Perth in April wide. In addition to a substantial down at the AGM in April. 2020 to play in the Asia Pacific Bridge contingent from New Zealand there Finally I am happy to report that two Federation Congress. -
Sandwich 1NT Overcall ©Aib Robert S
Adventures in Bridge Leaders in Bridge Entertainment and Education www.advinbridge.com This Week in Bridge (194) Sandwich 1NT Overcall ©AiB Robert S. Todd Level: 3 [email protected] General When we are a passed hand, bids that we might make that would show strong hands are now illogical. For example, a 2-level simple overcall usually shows an opening hand and a good suit, but as a passed hand we cannot have that hand. Instead, a 2-level overcall as a passed hand shows something different in this situation (usually a good suit). This idea of “Illogical bids” having different meanings is also true for a 1NT overcall by a passed hand. Since it is impossible for us to have a balanced hand with 15-17 points, then this passed hand 1NT overcall can not be natural. Thus, we can use a 1NT overcall as a passed hand as something different – a special conventional bid. Let’s look at our options for using this “Illogical” 1NT bid. 1NT Overcall by a Passed Hand One example of an illogical 1NT bid is a direct 1NT overcall by a passed hand. Example P P P 1♠ 1NT This 1NT overcall cannot show a natural 15-18 points, so instead it is played as an Unusual NT (just “less” Unusual than 2NT). This shows 5-10 points and usually at least 5/4 in the minors (either suit could be longer). Another example of an illogical 1NT bid is a balancing 1NT by a passed hand. Example P 1♠ P P 1NT This balancing 1NT bid normally shows a balanced hand with about 11-14 points and a ♠ stopper by an unpassed hand. -
Applying Case-Based Reasoning to the Game of Bridge
Applying Case-Based Reasoning to the Game of Bridge Jacob Bellamy-McIntyre A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Postgraduate Diploma of Science in Computer Science, University of Auckland, 2008 1 Abstract Bridge provides a challenging problem for Artificial Intelligence research due to the game being stochastic (from the shuffling of the cards), hidden information (from not being able to see opponents cards) and from the general complexities of the game. Research into Computer Bridge is in its relative infancy, with the American Contract Bridge League holding the first World Championships Computer Bridge competition in 1997. With Bridge being a game that is more probabilistic and intuitive than Chess, it may be a better avenue of research for evaluating human-like intelligence. This paper will explore the possibility of applying Case Base Reasoning to the game of Bridge and will discuss the problems that arise from trying to do so, while comparing Case Base Reasoning to other techniques used in Artificial Intelligence. 2 Table of Contents 1. Case-Based Reasoning 1.1 Introduction ……………………………… 5 1.2 The Domain and Adaptation …………….. 8 1.3 The Case and the Case Base …………….. 10 1.4 The Similarity Function …………………. 11 2. Games in AI 2.1 Introduction ………………………………………….14 2.2 Chess ………………………………………………. 15 2.3 Checkers …………………………………………… 17 2.4 Poker ………………………………………………. 19 2.5 Bridge ……………………………………………… 25 2.6 Other Games ……………………………………... 28 3. The Game of Bridge 3.1 Introduction to Bridge ………………………........... 30 3.2 The Bidding Phase …………………………….…… 30 3.3 Play of the Hand …………………………………... 31 3.4 The Value of a Hand ………………………………. -
Slam Bidding Why Bid a Slam? Just Like There Is a Bonus for Being in the Game Level, There Is a Bonus for Being in the Slam Levels
Slam Bidding Why bid a slam? Just like there is a bonus for being in the game level, there is a bonus for being in the slam levels. A small slam is a contract at the 6-level, Bidding and making a small slam is worth 500 bonus points when not vul and 750 bonus points when vul. A grand slam is a contract at the 7-level, Bidding and making a small slam is worth 1000 bonus points when not vul and 1500 bonus points when vul. Decision #1: Do you have enough overall strength? When considering a slam, you have to first decide if your two hands have the power to take 12 or 13 tricks once you get the lead. You can often add your points to the number partner has shown to determine your chances. For "normal", fairly balanced hands, use these guidelines: • To make a small slam (bid of 6) -- you need 33 pts. • To make a grand slam (bid of 7) -- you need 37 pts. You may make a slam with fewer points if your hands have other features to make up for what you lack in high-card strength. These include: • Extra trumps -- you need at least an 8-card fit to bid a suit slam, but stronger fits produce more tricks. You may score an extra trick for each trump you have over 8. • Long, strong side suits -- if you can set up and run a long side suit, the small cards can be as valuable as honors. • Short suits -- once you know you have a trump fit, add in your distribution points to determine your hand's full value. -
Slam Bidding — ♥ K 7 6 4 ♥ a Q J Today, Such a 15-17 1NT Openings, ♦ J 5 3 ♦ Q 10 7 5 Five-Card Majors, and Weak Two- Part I ♣ KQ J ♣ a 7 3 Bids
BB What’s Standard? by David Lindop This series is based on Grant WEST EAST Standard, a set of conventions and ♠ KQ 10 ♠ A J 5 agreements that are in popular use Slam Bidding — ♥ K 7 6 4 ♥ A Q J today, such a 15-17 1NT openings, ♦ J 5 3 ♦ Q 10 7 5 five-card majors, and weak two- Part I ♣ KQ J ♣ A 7 3 bids. A summary chart of Grant Now slam has no chance, despite Standard and the corresponding the 33 combined high-card points. convention card can be found at West opens 1NT showing 15-17 However, it would take very sophis- www.AudreyGrant.com. The site points and a balanced hand. With 18 ticated methods to keep out of slam also has Grant Basic, a simpler set high-card points, East knows the with these combined hands. We of agreements. partnership has at least 33 com- would have lots of company in 6NT. Earlier articles in this series bined points (15 + 18) and at most We can invite slam on a purely appeared in the Bridge Bulletin and 35 (17 + 18). There is enough com- quantitative basis: can also be found under ‘Articles’at bined strength for a small slam but WEST EAST www.AudreyGrant.com. not enough for a grand slam. ♠ A 9 7 3 ♠ K J 5 ♥ KQ ♥ A J 6 lam bidding is an important East knows the partnership belongs ♦ ♦ aspect of the partnership in notrump and there’s no need to A J 7 2 Q8 5 ♣ AQ 5 ♣ J 7 4 3 Smethods since there are lots of ask for aces. -
Standard American System Notes Noble Shore
Standard American System Notes Noble Shore Pages Definitions 2 1NT opening 3-10 1H/S openings 11-14 1D/C openings 15-18 Weak openings 19-21 Strong openings 22-23 Overcalls 24-25 Takeout Doubles 26-27 Slam Bidding 28-29 Carding 30 Sample ACBL Convention Cards 31-32 Index of Conventions 33 Author’s Note 34 Definitions A balanced hand contains no singletons or voids and at most one doubleton. Points refer to a total value of a hand, including shape. HCP refers only to a hand’s high-card points. A natural suited bid shows 4+ cards in its suit. A natural notrump bid shows a desire to play in notrump. A non-natural bid is called an artificial bid. A convention is a commonly used artificial bid that has been given a name. Conventions are not part of Standard American, but many are commonly or nearly-universally played. A forcing bid demands a bid from partner if the next opponent passes. A forcing bid is also known as one- round-forcing. A signoff is a bid that strongly requests a pass or correction to another suit shown by the player signing off. Partner normally may not make a bid in any suit not shown by the signing-off player. A signoff usually occurs when the captain of the auction places the final contract. An invitational bid communicates that the partnership should bid a game unless partner has very minimal strength for previous actions. A game-forcing bid means that the partnership cannot play any contract below 3NT. -
Southern Californiabridgenews
Southern California Volume 52, #4 BrApril 2016 idge NewsPublished By ALACBU President’s Message Board Passes Balanced Budget by Kevin Lane, District Director Reno Tales by Mike Marcucci, District 23 President Bridge is a game and should be fun A week at an NABC is always interesting and Reno was no differ- I enjoyed the Reno NABC. I did ent. The fact that the Lavazza team return home a week ago with an won the Vanderbilt took me back upper respiratory infection that I'm to 2001 when I attended my first just now overcoming. Many players NABC in Las Vegas. Got those have reported similar health issues first gold points. Didn’t know what which they attribute to the Reno hotels allowing smok- gold points were. Could not under- ing. On the positive side, the main ballroom offered stand my partner from Canada jumping up and down great smoke-free playing conditions and hotels and res- when we won our Zip Swiss bracket. Lots of fun taking taurants were plentiful and reasonably-priced. advantage of the town – gambling a little and having At the Reno board meeting, the board balanced the breakfast at 4 a.m. Took golf clubs and played a very budget. In fact, the board finally approved an operat- cold and windy round at the old Desert Inn course be- ing budget with a surplus of $100K. The board voted to fore they closed it. Enjoyed the history of it. Played with cut a number of costs including $15K in the president's a guy from Miami and his girlfriend. -
Keeping up with Conventions Slam Bidding — by David Lindop
play bridge Keeping Up With Conventions Slam Bidding — by David Lindop ߜ This series of articles looks at how SLAM CONVENTIONS Gerber □: 4NT: Blackwood □ RKC □ 1430 □ to fill out the standard convention card. Previous articles can be found by visiting the Better Bridge News section at www.AudreyGrant.com. vs Interference: DOPI □ DEPO □ Level: ROPI □ Diagram 1 - The area on the convention card covering slam bidding t’s time to look at a small but important area of the convention Gerber 13 tricks: one spade, two hearts, card, the section on SLAM seven diamonds and three clubs. I Now suppose ♠ 6 CONVENTIONS (see Diagram 1). have none. Of course, you might partner opens ♥ K 4 A lot of points are at stake when the hold your breath for just a moment, 1NT and you ♦ K Q 10 9 7 5 3 partnership is considering whether hoping you haven’t miscalculated! have this hand. ♣ KQ 5 to bid slam, so you want to have If partner were to reply 4NT, You only have 13 high-card points firm agreements in this area. showing three aces, you would know but 3 length points for the seven-card only one ace is missing and could Slam Bidding on Power suit puts you in the slam zone. When jump to 6♦, expecting to have a good bidding slams with unbalanced As a guideline, the partnership chance at 12 tricks. If partner were to hands, where you are adding points needs about 33 or more combined reply 4♠, showing two aces, you for length or shortness, it is usually points to consider bidding to a small would settle for 5♦, knowing the best to check for controls — aces and slam and about 37 or more for a partnership is missing two aces.