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GOGO STATION
MATTERS OF NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT
December 2017
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DOCUMENT CONTROL Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment Project Name for “Gogo Station” Proponent Gogo Station Pty Ltd
Project Reference 17/69 EPBC Assessment
Report Number 17/69 EPBC Assessment Gogo Station Pty Ltd “Gogo Station” PO Box 57 Prepared for Fitzroy Crossing WA 6765 Contact: Malcolm Harris Ph: 0408 448 142 SMK Consultants PO Box 774 Prepared by 39 Frome Street Moree NSW 2400 Peter Taylor Contact Ph: (02) 6752 1021 E: [email protected]
Author
Name Natasha Livingstone B. Sc. (Hons) Position Environment and Resource Consultant Company SMK Consultants
Reviewed By Peter Taylor
Name Peter Taylor B.Sc. MEIANZ, CIAg Position Director Company SMK Consultants
Revision History Version Number Date Authority Details Initial Issue for Pre- 0 October 2017 Peter Taylor referral meeting Submission following 1 December 2017 Peter Taylor Pre-referral meeting
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose of Project The aim of the Gogo Station agricultural project is to establish an agricultural enterprise of sufficient size to generate a viable and self-supporting agricultural industry on Gogo Station. The preliminary stages of the development of agriculture will to assist current grazing enterprises by improving its options for delivery of cattle of better quality both inside and outside of traditional mustering periods by producing hay and grain crops for cattle consumption. Once established, the primary purpose of the agricultural development is to produce a range of viable food crops to supply regional and export markets. Project Description The Gogo Station project involves conversion of selected open grassland to cropping land for production of a range of crops. Selection was based on soil mapping undertaken by the West Australian government. The selections are based on clay soil types with high potential for agricultural production. Crops are intended to supply export and regional markets using a competitive advantage of proximity to Asian markets and favourable seasonal conditions available in the Fitzroy River region (there is no winter cold period). The potential exists to support both rain-grown and irrigated cropping. The proposal will involve cultivation of grassland areas and removal of low woodland that is present on the selected area. Several seasons of cultivation will occur to incorporate organic matter into the soil prior to full production. Cropping will generally commence with fodder crops which can be baled as hay or fed off with controlled grazing. Once the soil structure is deemed acceptable for more intensive production, the proposal will involve land levelling to develop efficient field sizes and field slopes for surface and centre pivot irrigation. The proposal adjoins the floodplain of the Margaret River. Survey and observations have identified a high-level flood channel which flows once the river reaches a height of approximately 3m above zero flow level. The proposal involves construction of an offtake channel to divert some of this floodwater into above ground irrigation storages via a surface channel to fill the storages under gravitational flow. The diversion limit will be controlled by gated pipe structures at the diversion point. Water captured in storage would be applied to crops on a managed moisture balance, meaning that crops would be planted in the wet season and then irrigated when rain related moisture is depleted. Crops would be harvested between June and September. Markets need to be developed for the crops. Initial markets would involve cattle feed. The Proponent farms an area of approximately 1,000 hectares for forage cropping on Gogo Station at present. This has been successful for a period of 6-8 years. Appropriate mitigation measures in the form of weed control, runoff management and Biosecurity procedures to avoid offsite impacts from crops have proven successful to date. Impact on surrounding habitat has been minimal. Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment The development area represents a small area of grassland and open woodland in comparison to the total area of similar habitat on Gogo Station which is estimated to be in the order of 150,000 Ha. This habitat is well represented on adjoining properties throughout the Kimberley, primarily the clay soils adjoining the primary floodplain of the Fitzroy River system.
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The proposal includes a range of mitigation measures to ensure the development has limited impact on the surrounding landscape. The proposal will be confined to the selected clay soils and appropriate protection buffer zones would surround the development. Best practice irrigation management will be adopted to maximise water use efficiency. This includes management of tailwater or stormwater runoff to avoid uncontrolled discharges during the wet season. Such discharges may carry high silt loads, fertilizer or herbicide applied for weed management. Surface water will be extracted by diverting flood flows from a flood channel of the Margaret River. Surface water can only be accessed once a significant flood flow is occurring. Water will be diverted from the floodplain; it will not be extracted directly from the river. The proposal does not involve the construction of a dam, barrage, weir, or any other structure which could impound water within the Margaret River and therefore avoids all connectivity requirements associated with aquatic habitat within the river. The proposal will therefore have no impact of low flows in the river and only impact on major flows once river flow exceeds approximately 27,000 ML per day. Hydrological assessment has indicated that the annual average extraction rate of the proposed development would equate to 0.87% of the total river volume flow. This is considered to be a small volume, which is unlikely to result in negative environmental impacts. The potential impact of the development on rare and/or threatened species is likely to be minimal. Importantly, the issue of alteration of traditional fire regimes in grasslands and its impact on fauna and flora species is recognised as a significant impact in the region. The proposed development will result in a significant reduction of uncontrolled fires in the northern sector of the Station. This is considered as a significant conservation benefit to the landscape and threatened species. The proposed development is not considered to pose a risk to either local or National heritage values. The Proponent will continue to work closely with TO’s to ensure protection of any cultural heritage or artefacts of cultural significance that are present around the development site. This document provides an assessment of the potential impacts that may occur as a result of converting approximately 9,000 ha of clay soils supporting grassland and small areas of open woodland, to agricultural land on Gogo Station. The proposal represents a significant extension of existing agricultural activities on the Station. With appropriate mitigation measures including a Biosecurity plan for crop and weed management, the proposal has potential to operate with limited environmental impact on the surrounding habitat which is supporting a wide range of species, both common and threatened.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ...... 8 1.1 Project Overview ...... 8 1.2 Regional Setting ...... 8 1.3 Ecological Assemblages Present Within the Study Area ...... 12 2 Delineation of Predicted Extent of Environmental Impact of Development ...... 13 2.1 Predicted Impact of Vegetation Clearing ...... 13 2.2 Predicted Impact of Surface Water Extraction ...... 16 2.2.1 Environmental Water Requirements ...... 17 2.3 Predicted Impact of Groundwater Extraction ...... 19 2.4 Summary: Extent of Environmental Impact of Proposed Development ...... 20 3 Delineation of Predicted Extent of Heritage Impact of Development ...... 21 3.1 Cultural Landscape ...... 21 3.2 Gogo-Gooniyandi Consultation Process ...... 21 3.2.1 Potential Impacts of Vegetation Clearing ...... 21 3.2.2 Potential Impacts of Water Extraction ...... 22 4 Identification of Matters of National Environmental Significance ...... 27 4.1 Legislative Context of Assessment ...... 27 4.2 Database Search for Matters of National Environmental Significance ...... 27 4.2.1 Results of Database Search ...... 28 5 Protected Species MNES Assessment ...... 29 5.1 Assessment of Significance ...... 29 5.1.1 Vulnerable Species ...... 29 5.1.2 Critically Endangered and Endangered Species ...... 35 5.1.3 Listed Migratory Species ...... 41 6 National Heritage MNES Assessment ...... 44 6.1 Background ...... 44 6.2 Identification of Potentially Significant National Heritage Place Values ...... 45 6.3 Preliminary Heritage Assessment ...... 47 6.3.1 Devonian Reef ...... 47 6.3.2 Gogo Fish Fossils ...... 47 6.3.3 Rainbow Serpent Traditions ...... 48 6.3.4 Geikie Gorge National Park ...... 48 6.4 Assessment Against National Heritage Assessment Criteria ...... 48 6.4.1 Significant Impact Criteria ...... 48 6.4.2 National Heritage Places with Natural Heritage Values ...... 49
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6.4.3 National Heritage Places with Cultural Heritage Values ...... 51 6.4.4 National Heritage Places with Indigenous Heritage Values ...... 53 7 Conclusions ...... 55 8 References ...... 56
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Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
1 Introduction 1.1 Project Overview The Gogo Station project involves conversion of selected grassland to cropping land for production of a range of rain-grown and irrigated crops. These crops are intended to supply regional markets initially and eventually gain a competitive advantage of proximity to Asian markets to utilise seasonal conditions available in the Fitzroy River region. Land selection is based on soil types identified on Gogo Station that have the potential to support both rain-grown and irrigated cropping. Gogo Station includes an area of approximately 57,000 hectares of clay based soils that have been identified by the Western Australian Government as suitable to produce a range of crops. The potential area identified for cropping includes areas that are considered suitable for irrigated cropping as well as rain-grown cropping. The cropping program would include a fodder production program to maximise the potential quality of cattle available for export throughout the year in addition to grain and other crops which can be marketed from Gogo Station. The overall aim of the agricultural project would be to establish an agricultural enterprise of sufficient size to generate a viable and self-supporting agricultural industry on Gogo Station. Discussion with the region’s Traditional Landowners and other Pastoralists, has indicated that success on Gogo Station could support similar opportunities in other parts of the Fitzroy basin to develop a wider base of agricultural development, services and employment opportunities for the regional community. 1.2 Regional Setting Gogo Station is located immediately east of Fitzroy Crossing in northern Western Australia’s Kimberley region. The closest major centre is Broome, located approximately 400 km by road to the west. The following Figure 1 presents a locality plan showing the location of Gogo Station and northwest Australia. The Station is located within the centre of the Fitzroy River Catchment (Figure 2). Gogo Station has frontage to both the Fitzroy River along its western boundary and the Margaret River along the northern boundary. During the wet season from December through to March, both rivers break-out across the adjoining land on Gogo Station and inundate extensive areas of grassland and flood channels. River inundation provides an extensive area of flooded pasture. Gogo Station incorporates an extensive area of Limestone aquifer along the northern ridge area. This aquifer is currently utilised for irrigation of up to 400 hectares of pasture and hay which has been developed under a Diversification Permit issued by the Western Australia Lands Department. The Diversification permit incorporates an area of 1,000 hectares in total. Extensive cropping trials have been undertaken by Gogo Management in consultation with many other private and government agencies for the selection and development of silage and hay varieties suitable to the Kimberley Region.
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Figure 1: Locality of Proposed Development
Figure 2: Location of Fitzroy Crossing within the Fitzroy River Catchment
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The Fitzroy Catchment covers over 95,000 km2 within the Canning Basin. The catchment has a semi-arid/monsoonal climate, with rain falling in the wet season between December and March. Analysis taken by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as part of their Australian climate variability and change analysis has identified predicted increases of rainfall in the Kimberley by up to 30-40mm per annum as a result of climate change. The land included as Gogo Station extends from the Margaret River in the north to drier sand plains in the south supporting acacia scrub. Figure 3 presents an aerial image showing the boundary of Gogo Station. The property extends along the left bank floodplain of both the Margaret and Fitzroy Rivers.
Figure 3: Outline of Proposed Development Site with the Gogo Station boundary Figure 4 presents an aerial image of existing agricultural development on Gogo Station and the proposed development area.
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Figure 4: Layout of Existing and Proposed Cropland on Gogo Station
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1.3 Ecological Assemblages Present Within the Study Area A desktop assessment was conducted to assess ecological assemblages and protected/threatened flora and fauna that may use the habitat on the development site. The full assessment is provided in the accompanying document, Environmental Values Desktop Assessment. Field inspections and visual assessment has been undertaken over the past 4-years in conjunction with the Regional Elders of the Gooniyandi. Vegetation on site varies from grassland to low open woodland. Dominant grass species include Astrebla spp. (Mitchell grass), Chrysopogon spp. (ribbon grass) and Aristida latifolia (feather top wire grass). The primary tree species is Bauhinia cunninghamii. The area surrounding the agricultural development to the north includes a floodplain area supporting a differing range of grasses and trees. The area to the south includes both sandy and gravelly clay elevated knobs which support differing habitats to the open grassland area. It is considered that large areas of equivalent open grassland are present within Gogo Station. These areas of similar vegetation are primarily based on similar clay soils. The open grassland habitat to be developed for agriculture is well represented on Gogo Station. The development site has been utilised for grazing cattle for over 100 years, and therefore is likely to be moderately degraded from selective grazing. The grassland would continue to support a variety of fauna species; however, their habitat would be impacted by continuous use of the area by cattle. Species changes have been identified through pasture assessments. Other impacts on this open area include uncontrolled fires within the area during the hot drier months between September and December. Areas of spinifex, rock outcrops, scalded soil areas and gravelly soils within this area will not be disturbed as these are unsuitable for agriculture. Rock outcrops areas have been identified by Traditional Owners as cultural sites and therefore buffers will be maintained around such outcrops. The development proposal is targeting clay based soils only. Limestone outcrops and ridge areas are recognised as significant biodiversity hotspots and important habitat refuge sites for rare and/or threatened species. This recognition appears to be in part a result of a lack of investigation and therefore lack of data to identify flora and fauna distribution. By comparison, woodland and grassland pastures are less likely to serve as refuge habitat for rare and/or threatened species, as such sites are typically disturbed by grazing practices and annual fire regimes. To preserve regional biodiversity, the limestone outcrop habitat will be protected and remain undisturbed. The impact of the development on rare and/or threatened species in this limestone habitat is nil.
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2 Delineation of Predicted Extent of Environmental Impact of Development This assessment considers the potential impact of the proposed development upon environmental values. To complete this assessment, the extent and nature of potential environmental impacts of the proposed development must first be quantified. The proposed development will involve the following key components: • Clearing of up to 9,000 ha of vegetation for the development of 5,000 ha of cropland and associated infrastructure; • Extraction of floodwater from a flood channel of the Margaret River when the height of flow in the Margaret River is approximately 3m or above zero flow level with a design annual extraction limit of 50,000 ML (storage capacity); • Utilisation of an additional 2,500 ML per annum of Limestone aquifer based groundwater as a high security entitlement for application on fodder and hay crops to support intensive cattle finishing program within Gogo Station. • Implementation of Best Practice agricultural standards to minimise biosecurity risks associated with the potential introduction and proliferation of invasive species within the locality, and to minimise the risk of discharge of uncontrolled runoff from agricultural fields into adjoining areas of natural habitat. • Implementation of a Traditional Landowners agreement to develop a local source of agricultural expertise. An assessment of the impacts of each component of the proposed development on the environment is presented below. From this, the potential extent and scope of impacts of the proposed development are defined. 2.1 Predicted Impact of Vegetation Clearing Devonian limestone outcrops in the Kimberley are also recognised to support significant biodiversity and to act as refuge for a range of threatened native species. Preservation and protection of Devonian limestone outcrops are therefore a significant environmental objective of the development, as the outcrops are likely to serve as significant refuge sites for any native species which may be impacted by the proposed development. Further, the development boundaries have been established to ensure that clay soils which are suitable for agriculture have been targeted for development. These measures ensure that all land to be cleared will be suitable for agricultural production, and ensures that once cleared, land will be utilised for productive purposes. Existing cropping operations at Gogo Station indicate that the land targeted by the proposed development has the potential to be highly productive. The risk that unsuitable land will be cleared, trialled for agricultural purposes and then reverted to pastoral production is therefore negligible. The land to be cleared is well-represented within the wider region. Approximately 151,000ha of clay-based grassland habitat is available within the region, as indicated in Figure 5. Grassland habitat surrounding the area indicated in Figure 5 supports similar species, but on sandy or gravelly clay soils. The environmental characteristics of the area to be cleared have been assessed by desktop reviews, in combination with site visits and discussions with TO’s of the land. Prior to clearing, further environmental studies will be conducted by qualified persons (such as TO’s, ecologists, geologists or combinations of these individuals/groups as required) of the locality to identify and
SMK P a g e | 13 CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment assess environmental values of the site, to further refine the area to be cleared such that areas of outstanding environmental values are appropriately protected from development. Once the area to be cleared has been delineated and minimised as far as is practicable, broadscale clearing of native vegetation will occur. Vegetation clearing and associated agricultural development has the potential to produce a range of negative impacts on the environment, including: • Habitat loss for selected non-mobile fauna and flora species; • Increased risk of introduction and proliferation of invasive species; • Increased erosion, which can lead to dust production and waterway sedimentation; and • Alteration of local hydrological patterns (which may impact surface water runoff and surface water-groundwater interactions). A range of management measures will be implemented to minimise the environmental impact of land clearing. Such measures include: • Planning land clearing activities to minimise erosion risk. An example measure which may be taken is that of progressive land clearing and development, which minimises the creation of large areas of exposed soils; and • Maintaining best management practices to minimise the risk of spreading weeds (such as ‘come clean go clean’ vehicle wash down policies) and by implementing ongoing weed management strategies to complement operations on site. Overall, the Proponent will adopt a suite of measures to minimise the environmental impact of land clearing associated with the proposed development. However, it is inevitable that some environmental degradation will occur within the subject site as a result of the proposed development. The impacts of land clearing must therefore be considered when assessing the potential impacts of the proposed development on Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES).
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Figure 5: Extent of Clay-Based Grassland of Similar Habitat
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2.2 Predicted Impact of Surface Water Extraction The impact of the proposed surface water extraction has been considered in detail as part of the process of developing the proposal to expand irrigation activities on Gogo Station. The intention of the proposal is to ensure that appropriate environmental flows remain in the river. There is scientific uncertainty regarding environmental water requirements of the Fitzroy catchment. A recent review published by Pusey and Kath (2015) provides a detailed summary of information availability, knowledge gaps and research need with regard to environmental water management in the Fitzroy catchment. The review highlights a dearth of knowledge relating to environmental values of the catchment, and the associated surface flows required to sustain these values. Pusey and Kath (2015) further identify a comprehensive list of research requirements to improve understanding of environmental flow requirements in the Fitzroy River. Research requirements are presented in the form of research topics, ranging from small to large and from short-term to long-term projects. Completion of the full suite of research projects is not possible in the short-to- medium term, given the number of studies recommended and the proposed longevity of many of these studies. Given the scientific uncertainty regarding sustainable extraction thresholds in the Fitzroy catchment, caution has been adopted in developing the proposed water extraction infrastructure and volumes at Gogo Station. Water will be extracted from the Margaret River via an offtake channel. Given that the Fitzroy catchment is dominated by pastoral land use and does not currently support significant irrigation developments, existing rates of surface water extraction from the Margaret River and Fitzroy River throughout the catchment are minimal. Based on preliminary survey, the proposed offtake system will be based on a high-level flood channel which breaks out of the Margaret River once river height reaches 3m or more above base flow (zero flow) conditions. Floods below 3m in the river will not be accessible by the proposed diversion structure. Thus, the proposal is designed to ensure that water can only be accessed and stored within the proposed development during medium to major flood events when the take of water is relatively minor compared to the overall volume of water moving through the Fitzroy basin. When the river is flowing at three metres, the daily river discharge is approximately 27,000 ML. Assuming that the system is capable of capturing 3,000 ML per day, calculations using gauge data suggests that out of a total average annual flow of 1,998,450ML in the Margaret River, the average annual extraction for Gogo Station would be 17,424ML. This is equivalent to an annual average extraction of 0.87% of the total river flow volume. The remaining 99.13% would continue to flow toward the ocean. A more detailed hydrological assessment of water extraction from the Margaret River is presented in Appendix 1. The potential opportunities for flood harvesting are extremely variable. In many years of poor wet season conditions, no water would flow to Gogo. In extremely large flood events, the maximum
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment capture would be limited by storage capacity on the farm (50GL). The total average annual flow is 1,998GL. As water extraction from the Margaret River would occur via a natural flood channel, it should be noted that the proposed development does not involve construction of a dam, weir, barrage or any other structure within the riparian zone of the river which has the potential to impound/disconnect water flows within the river. The proposed development therefore maintains in-stream connectivity within the Margaret River, to allow for movement of aquatic organisms within the river. This is considered environmentally significant, as many aquatic organisms (such as the nationally significant freshwater sawfish, or Pristis pristis) rely on migration within the river channel to successfully breed. Overall, the proposed development involves extraction of a minor volume of water from the Margaret River (in comparison to total flow volumes of the river). The existing rates of water extraction from the Margaret and Fitzroy rivers is minimal. Whilst scientific uncertainty exists regarding sustainable surface water extraction thresholds within the Fitzroy catchment, the proposed development is considered of a comparatively small scale of the development in the context of the largely undeveloped Fitzroy catchment. The development is therefore unlikely to significantly impact upon water-based cultural values and water-dependent species of national significance within the region. 2.2.1 Environmental Water Requirements No determination has been made to date for an environmental water requirement for the Fitzroy catchment. Research projects have begun but no data has been freely published to date. On this basis, the following provides an assessment of environmental water parameters. Aquatic species including flora and fauna rely upon a range of river flows to trigger events, such as flowering, breeding and migration. These events include both low flow conditions and flood conditions. The existing system can be described as “near pristine” as there are few impacts on river flows at present. Water quality remains high in most conditions, however, the incidence of purposely lit wildfires in the summer period as against historical, natural and indigenous wildfire regimes may have resulted in the potential for increases in erosion of the landscape and therefore increases in water turbidity (personal observation of station management, 2016). Only a minor part of the landscape has been cleared, but this clearing has generally allowed increases in grass cover to improve pastoral intensity. The majority of flora to be considered in an assessment of environmental flow requirements, are located on the floodplain. Inundation triggers growth and flowering and therefore reproduction. It is therefore significant to maintain floodplain inundation. The riverine corridor includes a significant range of flora species that are highly dependent on permanent water. It is therefore essential to maintain low flows and the integrity of waterholes within the river and floodplain area. The movement of aquatic fauna species is highly seasonal. A flood event will allow many species to migrate from waterholes. Flood events also trigger breeding events in some species. Receding flood conditions and gradual drying of the floodplain and outer billabongs will result in some key species such as turtles and fresh water crocodiles to migrate to larger billabongs or return to permanent water in the river system. Other key species, such as the threatened freshwater
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment sawfish, rely upon both high and low flows for habitat preservation. Key recreational species including barramundi and turtles are more common but also rely upon flooding and low flows for triggers in their lifecycle. The Northern Australia Environmental Resources Hub is undertaking various projects to quantify environmental water requirements for rivers across northern Australia. Reference has been made to Northern Territory Water Allocation Planning Framework in the absence of quantitative regulations in Western Australia. This planning framework is based on an 80-20 rule, mainly: Rivers: At least 80 per cent of flow at any time in any part of a river is allocated as water for environmental and other public benefit water provision, and extraction for consumptive uses will not exceed the threshold level equivalent to 20 per cent of flow at any time in any part of a river.
In the event that current and/ or projected consumptive use exceeds the 20 per cent threshold level, new surface water Licences will not be granted unless supported by directly related scientific research into environmental other public benefit requirements.” (NT Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2017)
Further consideration of this principle, identifies the significant need to maintain the river habitat during drier periods and therefore exclusion of access during low flow conditions. Western Australian water policy relating to establishment of ecological and environmental water requirements, is based on similar statements, but at present, does not include a quantitative principle. In the absence of specific scientific data to determine appropriate levels of flow to protect ecological and environmental values of the Margaret River, the proposed development can be examined on the basis of an 80:20 rule. The following points are examined:
• Access to low flows – The Gogo Station proposal does not physically allow water to be taken from the river system or adjoining flood channel until a flow of approximately 27,000 ML per day is occurring. Analysis of available data indicates that an annual average flow of 1,998,450 ML will continue through the river with no extraction by Gogo Station. On this basis, low flows occurring in dry years will not be impacted by the proposal and therefore relevant flood flow triggers for flora and fauna will be maintained in drier years. • Percentage of extraction – Analysis of available data indicates that Gogo has the potential to extraction a long-term average of 0.87% of the flows from Margaret River. The maximum potential take is calculated from historical data of 1.6%. The potential annual extractions for Gogo Station are therefore significantly lower than the 20% maximum adopted by available policy for river systems that are at present, not managed by specific water sharing regulations. • Floodplain inundation – The diversion channel is located on the edge of the floodplain area. The channel does not obstruct or disrupt the lower floodplain areas which support species of flora and fauna requiring floodplain habitat • Maintaining water quality – The proposed development incorporates an internal runoff detention area and capture of internal tailwater. These structures will control internal
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runoff to settle sediments and associate organic matter that may cause localised contamination during flood or local runoff events that may flow onto the floodplain. • Aquatic habitat – The proposed development does not intercept or require destruction of aquatic habitat.
The Gogo Station proposal has significant limitations on accessing river flows. No direct extractions can occur from the river. All low flows will be maintained. The expected extraction volumes are considered significantly less than available policy recommendations for similar landscapes. The available policy is based on the Precautionary Principle which is the accepted approach where scientific based determinations are not available.
2.3 Predicted Impact of Groundwater Extraction There is limited regional information regarding sustainable thresholds of groundwater extraction due to a lack of research in this area. However, whilst there are information gaps at a regional scale, isolated groundwater data is available in locations throughout the catchment, which provides information regarding aquifer thicknesses, bore yields, groundwater quality and monitoring data. Such information is typically available for town water supply bores in areas such as Fitzroy Crossing, Camballin and for Aboriginal communities.
The proposed development intends to source groundwater from the Devonian limestone aquifer. The limestone aquifer has been intensively studied within the locality of the proposed development in association with activities of the (now closed) Pillara mine. Mining of this site involved a dewatering program of 3,000ML per annum. Following the closure of the mine in 2010, water levels in the air vent and all bores associated with the mine recovered rapidly during 2010 and 2011, and have remained approximately stable since 2012.
Groundwater monitoring of the limestone aquifer has occurred over the past five years as part of groundwater licence conditions. Annual reports indicate that the aquifer has remained largely stable, with only minor rises and falls in groundwater levels which appear to be somewhat independent of both the volume of water extracted in any given year and the rainfall of the preceding wet season.
Preliminary investigations suggest that the limestone aquifer to be utilised for the Gogo development has the capacity to yield between 3,000ML and 5,000ML per season. This potential is supported by water level monitoring undertaken by Gogo Station to date which indicates that the extraction occurring to date has had minimal influence on standing water levels. Further information regarding the potential yield and sustainable extraction thresholds of the limestone aquifer is presented as part of a hydrology assessment included as Appendix 1.
Water licence applications are to be considered by the Department of Water. Their assessment will require a review of potential extracted water volumes in consideration of sustainable limits. In accordance with their charter, the assessment will apply the precautionary principle.
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Current conditions of approval include seasonal variation in extractions based on standing water levels. The intent of the existing conditions is to ensure that extraction is reduced if groundwater levels fall to critical levels and do not recover. In part, these levels will be dependent on rainfall recharge of the system once a greater volume is extracted.
2.4 Summary: Extent of Environmental Impact of Proposed Development The environmental impacts of the proposed development will be limited as far as is practicable through the adoption of a suite of mitigation and management measures. Such measures include: • Clear delineation of the area of land to be subject to land clearing, in consultation with TO’s and relevant qualified persons (such as ecologists/archaeologists); • Adoption of best practice land clearing practices to minimise the risk of erosion; • Maintenance of best practice weed management practices on site; • Accessing surface water from the Margaret River via a flood channel, to ensure that: o Low flows within the river are not accessible by the proposed development to ensure the dry season ecosystem of the river remains untouched; o Environmental flows are maintained for ecosystem benefits; and o Floods continue to fill the river for cultural and social needs. • Accessing the Devonian Limestone aquifer for groundwater allocations, which: o Was identified by Harrington and Harrington (2015) as having significant potential to sustainably support large developments; and o Has been extensively studied in the locality of the proposed development, as part of the now-closed Pillara silver-lead-zinc mine. The development inevitably has the potential to produce a range of environmental impacts. The primary impacts associated with the development relate to land clearing, which will alter habitat values on site and may impact upon a range of native species and cultural values of the landscape. An assessment of the regional habitat indicates a significant area of similar habitat is available on Gogo Station that will remain undisturbed by the proposal and therefore the clearing would potentially create a short term population redistribution but minimal impact in the long term once cropping is undertaken. The proposed development has minimal potential to impact upon surface water and groundwater dependent ecosystems within the region, given that the total volume of surface water to be extracted from each resource is comparatively small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and given that available data indicates proposed groundwater extraction will be within the sustainable extraction threshold for the selected aquifer. However, given the scientific uncertainty underpinning these assumptions, water-dependent species and cultural values of national significance within the region have also been assessed within this report, in accordance with the precautionary principle.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
3 Delineation of Predicted Extent of Heritage Impact of Development 3.1 Cultural Landscape Gogo Station is located within Gooniyandi Native Title determination. There are numerous Gooniyandi communities located on Gogo Station. Gogo Station also leases the property of Cherubin and part of the adjoining property of Mount Pierre which are owned by the Gooniyandi. Gogo Station has a regular interaction with Gooniyandi representatives since the current owners purchased the lease of Gogo Station in 1988. The Fitzroy River catchment includes the Bunuba, Noonkanbah, Looma and Nyikina-Mangala traditional owners (TO’s) whose land adjoins the river and floodplain. The landscape within the region includes an extensive range system within the upper catchments of both Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers which hold an extensive range of culturally significant sites. The open grassland and woodlands within the range areas support a significant range of culturally sensitive landforms and sites. The rivers and streams provide connection within the lands as well as a traditional source of food. The flows of the Fitzroy River are also considered to be culturally significant, as an expression of the Rainbow Serpent tradition. In the past 40-years or more, the communities and TO’s have been encouraged to be more involved with management and documentation of their cultural values and traditions to allow their history to be maintained with the next generation. In more recent times, this has been undertaken through a Ranger program supported by various organisations such as the Kimberley Land Council, which have released statements such as: “The Gooniyandi Rangers are working to realise the vision of their senior elders through promoting increased biodiversity and culture on their country in the central Kimberley region” 3.2 Gogo-Gooniyandi Consultation Process It should be noted that the Gooniyandi communities located within Gogo Station have relatively unrestricted access across the property. In general terms, the Gooniyandi communities can maintain their traditional access to the land for hunting and cultural connections. This is maintained as an informal agreement between the station owners and TO’s. The initial process undertaken by Gogo Station to assess the potential to expand their farming operation was to consult elders of the Gooniyandi. This involved initial discussions to determine which elders held the knowledge of the land to be farmed. Once this was determined, several groups of elders and TO’s were invited to inspect the land that had some potential for agricultural development. This process involved driving around farm roads to show the elders the project area. The Elders were accompanied by representatives of the Gooniyandi Corporation and TO’s that had close connections with Gogo Station through either work or their community. Today, consultation with the Gooniyandi people is ongoing in relation to the proposed irrigation development and its potential impacts on heritage values of the region. The station managers at Gogo remain committed to working with indigenous groups to develop adaptive management strategies to protect local and regional indigenous heritage. 3.2.1 Potential Impacts of Vegetation Clearing The boundaries of the proposed development have been established in consultation with the TO’s of the land, to ensure that heritage sites are isolated from the impacts of the development. For instance, initial discussions and inspections of the property identified one area of cultural value within the proposed development footprint as outlined in the attached plan. This area consisted of two rock outcrops. No specific detail was provided to explain the cultural significance of these
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment two outcrops as this knowledge is kept by the elders. The extent of this cultural site was explained to Gogo Station managers to relate to two main outcrops of rock which extend into the grassland area. The outcrops are connected by a low exposed section of this rock. The following image provide a photo of a section of similar rock.
Photograph 1: Rock extrusion adjacent to cultural sensitive site near Gogo Station agricultural area Gogo Station agreed to leave this area outside of the agricultural development area. Access would remain open to TO’s to return to the rock area. It was further explained that the rocky area is not suitable for agriculture and it was agreed that an appropriate buffer of 100m would be retained around this site. The rock scatters extend to about 50m around this site. No other sites were identified within the area to be farmed. Most of this area consists of clay soils supporting open grassland and therefore it was stated that the area was a traditional foraging area for various seasonal conditions. In respect to foraging, the source of species such as Bush Turkey are in short supply as a result of mainly over-hunting. The existing irrigated farming area attracts a significant number of this species and therefore the proposal has some beneficial outcomes to the local indigenous population by supporting ongoing hunting traditions. 3.2.2 Potential Impacts of Water Extraction 3.2.2.1 Consultation Efforts The matter of extracting water from the Margaret River has been explained in detail to the TO’s. These explanations have continued on a regular basis through representatives of other communities and TO’s who are managing properties and land. The consultation has included several site inspections and discussions with leaders from Noonkanbah, Mount Pierre, Mowanjum and Bunuba regions. As part of the ongoing consultation process regarding planned water extraction from the Margaret River, the Gooniyandi Corporation were invited to attend three days of touring the Ord River irrigation area to show and explain what an irrigation farm looks like and how it operates. This inspection had a secondary purpose of meeting Kununurra based TO’s who had negotiated a training and apprenticeship scheme that aimed to integrate TO’s and the community with farming operations through employment and contracting.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Photograph 2: Gooniyandi Corporation Board with Gogo Station owners and representatives from the Ord River Irrigation scheme on a tour of Ord River farming operations. The meeting and tour included extensive consultation and presentations by both Gogo Station representatives and the Gooniyandi to achieve an agreed outcome for the Gogo Agriculture development and the integration of Gooniyandi TO’s with the project. The tour enabled a more detailed understanding of the use of water and farming operations. This further enhanced the Elder’s understanding of the project. They indicated that in their opinion the Gogo Station project has some potential for their community to obtain work and education outside the little available at present, bringing significant social benefits to a community that has an extremely high unemployment level and a declining respect for traditional values and culture. 3.2.2.2 Quantifying Cultural Flow Requirements Discussion with local elders from the Gooniyandi has indicated that close social and spiritual ties continue with the river. However, the difficulty of qualifying these ties and outlining a Cultural Flow value were identified and discussed. Recent studies (Jackson, 2015) has termed the phrase socio-ecological system to describe indigenous and non-indigenous communities. This provides a basis to start quantifying cultural and social expectations for water policy and the development of water management plans that include indigenous water values. TO’s have a cultural attachment to river flows and the presence of rivers within their cultural understanding of the landscape. At present, these values range from traditional observations of river flows associated with food sources and Indigenous water allocations to promote irrigation development. River flows that can be defined as Cultural flows have to date, not been quantified as a volume of water or flood depth. Research has commenced to quantify requirements for cultural flows. The
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment first step of this research aims to identify and document Indigenous values, cultural identity, practices, connection to water regimes and knowledge of the river systems. Documents available at present include work undertaken with the Gooniyandi to prepare a “Seasons Calendar” which was published by the CSIRO in conjunction with various other organisations. The calendar provides a valuable understanding of seasonal impacts of rainfall, weather, water temperatures in the river system and ecological understanding of the landscape. The calendar provides a clear link between traditional food sources and the impact on these from the river system. The calendar highlights the “Yiderla” or wet season. This triggers a wide range of wild fruit production, insects, fish, birds and other aquatic species such as turtles, to become more available as a food source. Once the rivers start running, the availability of a wide range of fish and turtles increases and therefore the traditional food source becomes more associated with the river system. It is also noted that preliminary research (NAER Hub) indicates a range of species having a dry season reproduction cycle that relies upon low flows in riffles for oxygenation of the water for egg laying sites. The river system remains a significant part of indigenous culture as a source of water and a traditional gathering area. This connection and use of the river remains strong for traditional owners of the river catchment areas. 3.2.2.3 The Process of Water Extraction Water will be extracted from Blue Bush Creek, a floodplain channel which only flows when flows in the Margaret River are above 27,000 ML/day (at this point, the water in the river is 3m deep). Flows of this volume in the river generally mean a significant flood event and therefore natural spawning events would occur. Low flow events will therefore not be accessible by Gogo Station. It is estimated that the annual average extraction by Gogo Station would equate to 0.87% of the total flows of the Margaret River. The remaining 99.13% of flow volumes would continue to flow towards the ocean. A more detailed hydrological assessment of water extraction from the Margaret River is presented in Appendix 1. The maximum take of water in any one year on Gogo Station will be limited by the property’s storage capacity; it is therefore impossible that Gogo Station will be able to extract any more than 50GL at any one time. The total average annual flow is 1,998GL. The development area is removed from the floodplain and therefore will not have a direct impact on the spread of floodwater. 3.2.2.4 Issues Raised During Consultation The management team at Gogo Station have been proactive in undertaking consultation efforts with local indigenous groups. A number of issues have been raised by indigenous groups during consultation. These issues include: • In relation to extraction of water from the river, concern was raised that the river would be pumped dry by Gogo Station. Response: More recent discussions have been heavily influenced by operations in the Murray Darling Basin under the Murray Darling Basin Plan. Concern is raised about all potential irrigation developments and the potential to pump the river dry. The Gooniyandi Elders were provided details and inspections of the proposed development area to indicate that this was physically impossible.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
The issue of “pumping the river dry” has been explained in detail; however, the fact that the Gogo proposal does not include pumps on the river has not been clearly understood. Based on the comment provided and large degree of concern about the ability of the proposed system to drain waterholes in the Margaret River, the preservation of water holes and low continuous natural flows through the river in dry season, it can be concluded that if the development has minimal impact on flows in the river during the dry season, a large proportion of the cultural values relating to river flows are preserved. • A second issue was raised in relation to the level of flow in the river that would be required before water could be captured on Gogo Station. Response: The concept of extracting water from the floodplain was outlined on plans and aerial images to show the process and indicate the methods of water capture. Details were provided to indicate that the system could not physically extract water during low flows or during periods outside of a flood event. The development of agriculture was also detailed to indicate its location above the floodplain area. During several consultation periods with the Gooniyandi, the concept of capturing water during floods was considered in detail. It is understood that no objections were raised with this concept other than that relating to preservation of the natural cycle of the river that relates to seasonal food transitions and breeding events to generate fruit and other traditional seasonal sources of food. • Specific issues raised by the Gooniyandi and local traditional owners identified that the irrigated agriculture would result in the proliferation of species such as the Australian Bustard, which is a favoured source of bush tucker at present. Response: This was considered a benefit and therefore positive impact of the proposal. The cultural values identified through consultation with local traditional owners identified a clear relationship with river flows, river use and traditional food sources. If these are maintained, the proposal for Gogo Station would potentially be acceptable. However, the concept of cultural water requirements, requires significantly more research and discussion over a period that would be expected to continue for more than 10-years before agreements can be reached. This is outside of the scope of this assessment. In relation to this assessment, the core cultural values of cultural water include traditional food sources based on a range of seasonal triggers and the cultural ties directly with the river. A quantitative assessment of the impact on river hydrology as presented in Appendix 1, indicates that the proposal has minimal impact of river flows and ensures that low flows will be preserved. The proposal will not impact on the river during the dry season. The proposal will have negligible impact on large flood events that would inundate the floodplain. Such events have the potential to trigger a spread of traditional foods such as fish and turtles in addition to triggering fruit production on a wide range of trees. Importantly, the proposal to produce more crops of Gogo Station may result in the proliferation and access to an easy source of popular bush tucker. Written responses from several regional traditional owners and their representatives have been requested in relation to an expression of cultural impact of the proposal. No written correspondence has been provided to support the above discussion. The above discussion provides information obtained from personal communication with a wide range of traditional landholders in the Fitzroy River region. These discussions have been limited to people that live in the region.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Letters and support have been provided that relate to the potential economic and social benefits of the proposal to the region and potential for other similar projects to proceed on Aboriginal properties that have frontage to the river system. See Appendix 2 for a copy of a letter of endorsement for the Gogo Station irrigation proposal from the Marra Worra Worra Aboriginal Corporation, in relation to the potential economic benefits of the proposal.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
4 Identification of Matters of National Environmental Significance 4.1 Legislative Context of Assessment The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 requires consideration of the effect of an action on the following 7 Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES): • World Heritage Properties • National Heritage Places • Ramsar wetlands of international importance • Nationally threatened species and communities • Migratory species protected under international agreements • Nuclear actions, including uranium mining, and • The Commonwealth marine environment. The impact of an action on these matters is assessed under the criteria specified in: Matters of National Environmental Significance – Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 (DoE 2013). 4.2 Database Search for Matters of National Environmental Significance A search of the proposed development site at Gogo Station was undertaken using the EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) (DoEE 2017) to generate a list of World Heritage Properties, National Heritage Places, Ramsar wetlands and nationally threatened species, communities and migratory species protected under international agreements that may occur on or within a 20km radius of the proposed development (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Region searched for MNES using the EPBC PMST.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
A 20km radius search of the region was also completed using the NatureMap search tool, maintained by the Western Australian government. Species protected under the EPBC Act identified by this search were also considered in the MNES assessment. 4.2.1 Results of Database Search The EPBC PMST does not list any World Heritage Properties on or within the search area. The proposal does not involve nuclear actions or impact on the marine environment; consequently, these matters are also not relevant to this assessment. The PMST identified Geikie Gorge as a nationally important wetland within the vicinity of the proposed development. However, Geikie Gorge is located upstream and in a different subcatchment to the proposed development. Therefore, the proposed development will not impact upon the environmental values of Geikie Gorge either directly or indirectly through potential off-site impacts. Consequently, Geikie Gorge has not been assessed against significant impact criteria for nationally important wetlands outlined in the Significant Impact Guidelines. Several protected species with the potential to be within the region of the proposed development were identified by the PMST and the NatureMap search tool. The impacts of the proposed development on these species is considered in Section 4. The PMST further identified the subject site as being within the West Kimberley National Heritage Property. The potential impacts of the proposed development on the heritage values of this heritage place are considered in Section 5.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
5 Protected Species MNES Assessment 5.1 Assessment of Significance A range of species were identified for assessment, using the PMST and NatureMap as outlined in Section 3.2. Species’ records, known distributions and habitat requirements were assessed, to evaluate the potential for each species to be impacted by the proposed development. A copy of this assessment is presented in Appendix 3. Overall, four vulnerable species, five endangered species, one critically endangered species and twelve migratory species have been identified as having potential to be impacted by the proposed development. The assessment of these species in accordance with the Department of Environment and Energy’s Matters of National Environmental Significance: Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 (the Significant Impact Guidelines) is shown below. 5.1.1 Vulnerable Species Four vulnerable species have been identified as having the potential to be impacted by the proposed development. These include: • Polytelis alexandrae (Princess Parrot) • Macroderma gigas (Ghost Bat) • Macrotis lagotis (Greater Bilby) • Pristis pristis (Freshwater Sawfish) Each species has been considered in regard to the Significant Impact Guidelines below. An action is likely to have a significant impact on a vulnerable species if it has a real chance or possibility that it will: • Lead to a long-term decrease in the size of an important population of species Princess Parrot (Polytelis alexandrae) The Princess Parrot’s preferred habitat is listed as sand dunes and sand flats in the arid zone of western and central Australia. The majority of records of the Princess Parrot within Western Australia occur further inland than the proposed development site. A record exists of the Princess Parrot within 10km of the proposed development site. However, mapping of P. alexandrae records across WA indicates that only one record of P. alexandrae is known to occur within the vicinity of the proposed development, and that the majority of records occur further south in the State. Whilst it is clear that the species has the potential to be within the development site, it must be acknowledged that the species is recognised to be highly dispersive, with ephemeral records. Given the absence of any other records of the species within the vicinity of the proposed development, it is unlikely that an important population of P. alexandrae regularly utilises habitat within the vicinity of the development site (although it is also possible that an absence of records could be the result of minimal historic sampling efforts). It may therefore be the case that the record of P. alexandrae near the development site is an ephemeral record which does not indicate the species’ primary habitat distribution. This is probable given that the Princess Parrot’s preferred habitat (sand dunes and sand flats) is not a common landscape feature near Fitzroy Crossing.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Therefore, it is likely that the proposed development will not lead to a long-term decrease in an important population of the Princess Parrot, as an important population does not occur within the area. Ghost Bat (Macroderma gigas) M. gigas is known to occur within the vicinity of the proposed development. The development site is located on the eastern boundary of a collection of records of M. gigas which occurs near the coastline of Derby, indicating an important population of M. gigas may be present within the region. The Ghost Bat roosts in caves, rock crevices and abandoned mines. The proposed development will not impact upon caves, rock crevices or mines within the region, and therefore the development will not impact the availability of roosting sites for this species. It is probable that M. gigas would forage across the subject site. The proposal involves significant modification to the development area by changing it from supporting grasses to supporting crops. The crops will provide foraging habitat for the Ghost bat in the form of insects and therefore may generate additional habitat for this species. This phenomenon has been identified in many other cropping areas where bat and other carnivorous populations have increased as a result of the additional foraging value of crop land. Therefore, the proposed development is unlikely to lead to a long-term decrease in an important population of M. gigas, as the foraging habitat currently offered by the grasslands of the development site will continue to offer foraging habitat for this species following its conversion to cropland. Greater Bilby (Macrotis lagotis) The habitat requirements of bilbies are difficult to determine. Given the dramatic decline of bilbies (which have now disappeared across at least 80 percent of their former range), most of the area currently occupied by the species probably represents the least favourable portions of its former range. Therefore, and it is likely that many known populations do not occupy optimal habitat. It is also difficult to determine the occurrence of core bilby populations. Bilbies are known to occur in a range of habitats, including open tussock grasslands on uplands and hills, mulga woodland growing on ridges and rises, and hummock grasslands on sand plains, dunes and alluvial systems. Whilst bilbies often occur in sandy habitats, they have also been known to occur on Mitchell grassland on deep clay soils in Queensland. The status of the greater bilby in large parts of WA is unclear. Given the large area in WA over which the greater bilby occurs and the fragmented nature of its occurrence, identification of habitat critical to the species will remain difficult. Unsuitable fire regimes may restrict breeding and impede dispersal and colonization of unoccupied areas by the greater bilby. Of particular concern are high intensity wildfires which burn across large, uncontrolled areas in WA and the NT. Such fires have recently burnt out and area of 2.6 M hectares of habitat to the south of Gogo Station. Extensive parts of Gogo Station have been subject to arson attacks, including parts of the area subject to this development. These wild fires are considered as a significant threat to most fauna in the region.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
The species has not been observed within the proposed development site by long-term Traditional Owners (TO’s) who forage across the area to be farmed on a frequent basis. It is possible that bilbies have not been able to colonise the subject site due to the frequent outbreak of severe fires. Given that bilbies have not been observed within or adjacent to the development site by the TO’s of the land, who frequently traverse the landscape while foraging and undertaking cultural activities as part of caring for country, it is unlikely that the subject site serves as important habitat for any bilby populations which may be available within the wider region. The species is known to occur some 60-80 km south of the development at the southern end of the property Cherrabun. Measures will be taken to protect areas known to support bilby populations from the impacts of future development. The location of the current development proposal approximately 60km from the closest known bilby location is considered to be suitable to protect bilby populations from any negative impacts associated with the development. Freshwater Sawfish (Pristis pristis) P. pristis is known to occur within the Fitzroy River and the Margaret River, in close proximity to the proposed development. The primary potential risk posed by the proposed development to P. pristis is associated with extraction of water from the Margaret River and groundwater resources by the proposed development. It should be noted that the amount of water to be extracted by the proposed development is small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and therefore that any impacts upon water flows are likely to be minor. Water extraction has the potential to lower connectivity between the main river channel and floodplain water bodies such as streams and billabongs. Extraction also has the potential to prematurely decrease the size of wetlands and groundwater-fed surface water bodies. It is likely that the breeding cycle of P. pristis relies upon in-stream migration within the Fitzroy River and its tributaries. P. pristis therefore does not rely upon horizontal floodplain connectivity (such as connectivity with billabongs) which may be impacted by the proposed development. It should also be noted that the proposed development does not involve the construction of dams, barrages, weirs or other structures within the Margaret River which would have the potential to act as a barrier for fish migration. The diet of P. pristis consists of fishes and benthic invertebrates. The diverse diet of P. pristis further increases the species’ resilience to potential impacts of the proposed development, as the species’ abundance is not dependent upon the response of any single (or small group of) organisms to changes in hydrology of the catchment. The proposed development is therefore considered to be unlikely to significantly impact upon P. pristis. • Reduce the area of occupancy of an important population As discussed above, the proposed development is unlikely to significantly impact upon important populations of vulnerable species identified for assessment. Therefore, the development is unlikely to reduce the area of occupancy for any of these species.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Fragment an existing important population into two or more populations The Freshwater Sawfish relies upon in-stream migration to complete its breeding cycles. It should be noted that the proposed development does not involve the construction of dams, barrages, weirs or other structures within the Margaret River which would have the potential to act as a barrier for fish migration. The development has therefore been designed to ensure that habitat connectivity of aquatic species within the Margaret River is maintained. Terrestrially, the development site is located within a large area of equivalent grassland habitat (see Figure 5 in Section 2.1). The development does not involve the clearing of any land which serves as a significant habitat corridor for native species. The proposed development will maintain grassed floodways throughout the development site, which will also serve as wildlife corridors across the development site. Thus, the development will not create small isolated areas of habitat within the development footprint which would subsequently become susceptible to islandisation impacts. The development is therefore not considered to fragment any important populations of vulnerable species within the region. • Adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of a species There is no critical habitat for the listed vulnerable species within the proposed development area. • Disrupt the breeding cycle of an important population The proposed development will not impact upon the breeding cycle of identified vulnerable species. In-stream habitat connectivity will be maintained, to ensure Pristis pristis can complete in-stream migration associated with its breeding cycle. Ghost bats breed in maternity caves, which will not be impacted by the proposed development. Princess Parrots nest in tree hollows within Eucalyptus trees close to water, or in Allocasuarina decaisneana trees away from water. This habitat is not offered by the development site. Unsuitable fire regimes may restrict breeding and impede dispersal and colonization of unoccupied areas by the greater bilby. Of particular concern are high intensity wildfires which burn across large, uncontrolled areas in WA and the NT. Such fires have recently burnt out and area of 2.6 M hectares of habitat to the south of Gogo Station. Extensive parts of Gogo Station have been subject to arson attacks, including parts of the area subject to this development. These wild fires are considered as a significant threat to most fauna in the region. The proposed development will reduce the incidence of arson attacks within the vicinity of the proposed development, by improving the surveillance of the area. The development will therefore contribute to reducing the occurrence of these wildfires, which has the potential to improve breeding success of bilby populations.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Modify, destroy, remove or isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline The habitat available within the subject area will be modified by the conversion of grassland to crops. The habitat is considered to offer potential foraging habitat to the Princess Parrot, the Ghost Bat and the Bilby. The subject site is not currently known to support a bilby population. It is possible that bilbies have been excluded from the region as a result of frequent wildfires within the region, which occur as a result of arson attacks. The proposed development will reduce the incidence of large, uncontrolled wildfires within the region, which is anticipated to benefit the potential for wider dispersal of bilby populations within the region. In the context of the catchment, the volume of surface water and groundwater to be extracted by the proposed development is considered to be minimal. The development will not impact upon in-stream habitat connectivity of the Margaret River, as the development does not involve any measures to construct a dam/barrage/weir or any other structure which may impede habitat connectivity within the river. The development is therefore not predicted to cause any further decline in identified vulnerable species. • Result in invasive species that are harmful to a vulnerable species becoming established in the vulnerable species’ habitat Cropping of the area will carry risk of introducing invasive species through imported seed. The Proponent has indicated in documentation dating back to 2014, that a Biosecurity plan will be adopted once the proposal proceeds. The purpose of this plan will be to ensure that no cropped species or foreign weeds escape from the development area to impact on adjoining habitat. This policy has been adopted to date with existing agriculture on Gogo Station. Observation around the outside of the farmed area has indicated that no invasive or cropped species have migrated from within the farmed area. Management has adopted a standard weed management program to ensure that species planted within the area remain within the farmed area. • Introduce disease that may cause the species to decline, or The development involves cropping and therefore is not considered as a threat for disease to fauna. • Interfere substantially with the recovery of the species A national recovery plan for the Greater Bilby was adopted in 2005. The plan remains active. The plan identifies a range of recovery objectives, which include: 1. Reduce the impact of predation by introduced carnivores; 2. Maintain genetic diversity by: a. Management aimed at maintaining a number and size of remnant populations, and b. Controlled management of a captive breeding program based on direction from the national studbook. 3. Establish self-sustaining populations within the former range; 4. Monitor trends in occurrence and abundance;
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
5. Assess the impacts of predators, fire and other threatening processes on bilby populations; and 6. Inform and involve the community and all stakeholders in the recovery process. The proposed development will not result in the introduction or the increase in population of introduced carnivores such as foxes and cats. The development will assist in reducing the occurrence of large, damaging wildfires caused by arson attacks within the wider region, which may assist in encouraging bilby dispersal across the wider landscape. The Proponent has been involved in regular consultation with land managers, including the TO’s of the area, to identify. monitor and protect known bilby habitat within the region. Overall, the proposed development is not considered to interfere with the recovery of the bilby within the region. A national recovery plan for Sawfish and River Sharks (Multispecies Recovery Plan) was adopted in 2015. The plan identifies the following objectives to protect the Freshwater Sawfish: 1. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate adverse impacts of commercial fishing on sawfish and river shark species. 2. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate adverse impacts of recreational fishing on sawfish and river shark species. 3. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate adverse impacts of Indigenous fishing on sawfish and river shark species. 4. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate the impact of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing (IUU) on sawfish and river shark species. 5. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate adverse impacts of habitat degradation and modification on sawfish and river shark species. 6. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate any adverse impacts of marine debris on sawfish and river shark species noting the linkages with the Threat Abatement Plan for the Impact of Marine Debris on Vertebrate Marine Life. 7. Reduce and, where possible, eliminate any adverse impacts of collection for public aquaria on sawfish and river shark species. 8. Improve the information base to allow the development of a quantitative framework to assess the recovery of, and inform management options for, sawfish and river shark species. 9. Develop research programs to assist conservation of sawfish and river shark species. 10. Improve community understanding and awareness in relation to sawfish and river shark conservation and management. The proposed development will not exacerbate the impacts of fishing on the Freshwater Sawfish, which is considered to be the primary threat to the species. The development will also not exacerbate threats posed by marine debris and collection of the species for public aquaria. The development is unlikely to result in habitat degradation within the Margaret and Fitzroy Rivers, which would impact upon the life cycle of the Freshwater Sawfish. The development will not involve the construction or a dam, weir, barrage or any other structure which would impede habitat connectivity within the Margaret River. Further, the volume of water to be diverted from the Margaret River is small in comparison to the total flow volumes of the river. The development will only access flood flows from the river; low flows will not be accessible to the development. No recovery plans have been adopted for the Princess Parrot or the Ghost Bat. It is recognized that inappropriate fire regimes are considered a current threat to many species, including granivorous birds, fire sensitive plants and a range of medium sized mammals. The
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment proposed development may contribute to decreasing the occurrence of arson attacks on Gogo Station, which would decrease the occurrence of large, damaging wildfires within the region. The habitat to be cleared consists of open grassland based on clay soils that has been disturbed by grazing and controlled fire for more than 100-years. The area is part of approximately 150,000 hectares of continuous adjoining open grassland habitat on the northwest sector of Gogo Station alone. This habitat adjoins similar grassland on all surrounding properties, creating a vast area of grassland across the Kimberley region. The development on the selected Gogo Station area is considered a relatively small area of grassland habitat when considered in the landscape. The development is not considered to represent a significant loss of habitat that would disrupt the recovery of listed species. 5.1.2 Critically Endangered and Endangered Species Five endangered species have been identified as having the potential to be impacted by the proposed development. These include: • Malurus coronatus (Purple-crowned Fairy-wren) • Erythrura gouldiae (Gouldian Finch) • Pezoporus occidentalis (Night Parrot) • Rostratula australis (Australian Painted Snipe) • Dasyurus hallucatus (Northern Quoll) One critically endangered species have been identified as having the potential to be impacted by the proposed development. This includes: • Calidris ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper) Each species has been considered with regards to the Significant Impact Guidelines below. An action is likely to have a significant impact on a critically endangered or endangered species if there is a real chance or possibility that it will: • Lead to a long-term decrease in the size of a population Purple-crowned Fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus) The Purple-crowned Fairy-wren is known to occur within the vicinity of the proposed development. Conservation advice for this species indicates it typically inhabits dense riparian vegetation. Records of the species in the area all occur within the riparian zone of the Fitzroy River, which is consistent with known habitat requirements of the species. The species is considered to have the potential to utilise grassland of the subject site as foraging habitat, yet it is likely that the riparian vegetation of the Fitzroy and Margaret rivers would function as more important habitat for this species. There is a small potential that water extraction from the Margaret River by the proposed development will impact upon riparian habitat which may be used by M. coronatus. Whilst the volume of water to be extracted from the river is small, a lack of hydrological and ecological data within the Fitzroy catchment means that the exact impacts of water extraction on riparian ecosystems cannot yet be quantified. However, given that the total volume of water to be extracted from the Margaret River and from groundwater sources is small in the context of the total flow volumes within the catchment, and
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment that low flows within the river will not be accessed by the proposed development, it is unlikely that this extraction would result in significant habitat degradation. The development will not involve the clearing or alteration of any areas of riparian vegetation which may constitute significant habitat for this species. The development is therefore not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of M. coronatus. Gouldian Finch (Erythrura gouldiae) The Gouldian Finch is found within the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing, and inhabits open woodlands with grassy groundcover. The species additionally requires ready access to surface water. E. gouldiae almost exclusively feeds on grass seeds. It is probable that E. gouldiae utilises open woodland habitat and potentially grassland habitat within the development area as foraging habitat. The proposal involves significant modification to the development area by changing it from supporting grasses to supporting crops. The crops will continue to provide foraging habitat for E. gouldiae in the form of grass seeds. The proposed development involves the construction of above-ground water storages for the storage of irrigation water. An existing water storage within Gogo Station which supports the existing cropping enterprise is frequented by an abundant array of water birds. The potential for the proposed storages associated with the development to provide water-based habitat to birds which require ready access to surface water such as E. gouldiae is therefore significant. The development is therefore not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of E. gouldiae. Night Parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) A highly cryptic species, the Night Parrot’s current distribution is not known. There are no records of the Night Parrot occurring within the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing. However, given the cryptic nature of the species, it is possible that the species is present within the region surrounding the proposed development without having been sighted. The development site is located on grassland which has the potential to be utilised by the Night Parrot. The species’ diet is thought to consist of seeds. The development involves the conversion of the development site from grassland to cropland, which will continue to produce a range of seeds. The Night Parrot may therefore continue to forage on site once the development has been completed. Overall, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions regarding the impact of the proposed development upon the Night Parrot, due to an absence of information regarding the species’ ecology. However, records of the species occur through much of inland WA, indicating the species may be present across a large range. The development site is located several hundred kilometres further north than the northernmost sighting of the species in the State. It is therefore considered to be unlikely that the development site would support a core population of this species. The development is therefore not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of P. occidentalis.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) R. australis is a highly mobile species with a significant range across Australia. A number of recordings of the species are known in northern WA. Whilst the species does not have known records within the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing, this may be due to low sampling rates within the region. The mobility of the species is such that it is likely that R. australis has the potential to use wetland and similar aquatic habitat within the vicinity of the proposed development. However, given the absence of records, such habitat is unlikely to be significant habitat for an important population of the species. There is a small potential that water extraction from the Margaret River by the proposed development will impact upon wetland habitat which may be used by R. australis. Whilst the volume of water to be extracted from the river is small, a lack of hydrological and ecological data within the Fitzroy catchment means that the exact impacts of water extraction on wetland ecosystems cannot yet be quantified. Water extraction has the potential to lower connectivity between the main river channel and floodplain water bodies such as streams and billabongs. Extraction also has the potential to prematurely decrease the size of wetlands and groundwater-fed surface water bodies. It should be noted that the amount of water to be extracted by the proposed development is small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and therefore that any impacts upon water flows are likely to be minor. The proposed development involves the construction of above-ground water storages for the storage of irrigation water. An existing water storage within Gogo Station which supports the existing cropping enterprise is frequented by an abundant array of water birds. The potential for the proposed storages associated with the development to provide water-based habitat to birds such as R. australis is therefore significant. The development is therefore not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of R. australis. Northern Quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) D. hallucatus has been recorded within the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing. NatureMap records of D. hallucatus across WA indicates that Fitzroy Crossing is likely to be located towards the eastern edge of an important population of Northern Quolls (which is primarily located towards the coast). D. hallucatus occupies a variety of habitats. It is likely that Northern Quolls within the region of Fitzroy Crossing would exhibit a preference for rocky areas, such as Devonian Reef outcrops which are known to occur within Gogo Station, as preferred habitat as such habitats are less likely to be disturbed by agricultural practices in the region such as grazing cattle. Devonian limestone outcrops within the region will not be impacted by the proposed development. However, it is possible that Northern Quolls would forage across the subject site. The proposal does involve significant modification to the development area by changing it from supporting grasses to supporting crops. The crops will provide foraging habitat for D. hallucatus in the form of insects. This phenomenon has been identified in many other cropping areas where populations of a range of species have increased as a result of the additional foraging value of crop land. The development is therefore not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of D. hallucatus.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) The Curlew Sandpiper is predominantly a coastal species. No records of C. ferruginea are known to exist within the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing. Given that records of C. ferruginea occur throughout WA, it is possible that C. ferruginea could be an occasional and irregular visitor to the region surrounding Fitzroy Crossing while pausing on migration. However, habitat within the Fitzroy Crossing region is unlikely to constitute ecologically significant habitat for the Curlew Sandpiper. There is a small potential that water extraction from the Margaret River by the proposed development will impact upon wetland habitat which may be used by C. ferruginea. Whilst the volume of water to be extracted from the river is small, a lack of hydrological and ecological data within the Fitzroy catchment means that the exact impacts of water extraction on wetland ecosystems cannot yet be quantified. Water extraction has the potential to lower connectivity between the main river channel and floodplain water bodies such as streams and billabongs. Extraction also has the potential to prematurely decrease the size of wetlands and groundwater-fed surface water bodies. It should be noted that the amount of water to be extracted by the proposed development is small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and therefore that any impacts upon water flows are likely to be minor. The proposed development involves the construction of above-ground water storages for the storage of irrigation water. An existing water storage within Gogo Station which supports the existing cropping enterprise is frequented by an abundant array of water birds. The potential for the proposed storages associated with the development to provide water-based habitat to migratory birds such as C. ferruginea is therefore significant. Overall, the development is not predicted to lead to a long-term decrease in a population of C. ferruginea. • Reduce the area of occupancy of the species As discussed above, the proposed development is unlikely to significantly impact upon important populations of endangered and critically endangered species identified for assessment. Therefore, the development is unlikely to reduce the area of occupancy for any of these species. • Fragment an existing population into two or more populations The development site is located within a large area of equivalent grassland habitat (see Figure 5 in Section 2.1). The development does not involve the clearing of any land which serves as a significant habitat corridor for native species. The proposed development area has a floodplain habitat along the northwest and northeast sides which is not suitable for the listed endangered and critically endangered species. The native vegetation along the southeastern side will remain undisturbed by the proposal. The western edge of the development will retain a minimum 600m wide buffer of natural vegetation between the western field and the Great Northern Highway corridor. The proposed development will maintain grassed floodways throughout the development site, which will also serve as wildlife corridors across the development site. Thus, the development will not create small isolated areas of habitat within the development footprint which would subsequently become susceptible to islandisation impacts.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
The development is therefore not considered to fragment any important populations of endangered or critically endangered species within the region. • Adversely affect habitat critical to the survival of a species The development is not considered to impact upon any habitat which is critical to the survival of the identified endangered and critically endangered species. • Disrupt the breeding cycle of a population The breeding cycles of populations of the identified species are unlikely to be impacted by the proposed development. To breed, the Purple-crowned Fairy-wren builds dome-shaped nests built of rootlets, grass stems, leaves and bark are built close to the ground in thickets of Pandanus aquaticus and canegrass (especially Chionachne cyathopoda). No such thickets are present within the development site. Given the species’ preference for riparian habitats, it is considered more probable that the species would breed in these areas. The impact of the proposed development on riparian habitats within the region is considered likely to be minimal. The Gouldian Finch constructs nests in an enlarged chamber at the end of long burrow or tunnel in flat or sloping ground, in the banks of rivers, creeks or dams, in roadside cuttings, in the walls of gravel pits or quarries, in mounds of gravel, or in cliff-faces. It is unlikely that the species would utilise the development area as a nesting site, due to the regular disturbance of the site by grazing cattle. Night Parrot roosting and nesting sites are consistently reported as within clumps of dense vegetation, primarily old and large Spinifex clumps, but sometimes other vegetation types. The Night Parrot is considered to be unlikely to breed within the development site, given that the site is regularly disturbed by grazing cattle and therefore it is unlikely to support old and large clumps of dense vegetation. Australian Painted Snipe breeding habitat requirements may be quite specific: shallow wetlands with areas of bare wet mud and both upper and canopy cover nearby. Nest records are all, or nearly all, from or near small islands in freshwater wetlands, provided that these islands are a combination of very shallow water, exposed mud, dense low cover and sometimes some tall dense cover. Nests consists of a scrape in the ground lined with grasses and leaves. The proposed development has minor potential to impact upon wetlands within Fitzroy Crossing as a result of water extraction associated with the development. Water extraction has the potential to prematurely decrease the size of wetlands and groundwater-fed surface water bodies. However, it should be noted that the amount of water to be extracted by the proposed development is small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and therefore that any impacts upon water flows are likely to be minor. Female quolls den in tree hollows. Quolls exhibit a preference for rocky habitat, which supports a higher proportion of den sites. Quolls would therefore be unlikely to breed within the development site. The Curlew Sandpiper is a non-breeding migratory visitor to Australia. C. ferruginea breeds in Siberia. The proposed development does not have the potential to impact upon the breeding of this species.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Modify, destroy, remove or isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline As discussed above, the proposed development will not modify, remove or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that identified species are likely to decline. The grassland habitat to be cleared by the proposed development is well-represented within the wider region. The development will contribute to reducing incidents of arson within the region, which results in large, uncontrolled wildfires burning within the region which pose a significant threat to native wildlife. The development may therefore contribute to improving the habitat quality of surrounding grassland habitat which is not directly involved in the proposed development. The proposal does involve significant modification to the development area by changing it from supporting grasses to supporting crops. The crops will provide foraging habitat for a number of species in the form of seed and insects. This phenomenon has been identified in many other cropping areas where seed eating bird populations have increased as a result of the additional foraging value of crop land. The proposed development also involves the construction of above-ground water storages for the storage of irrigation water. An existing water storage within Gogo Station which supports the existing cropping enterprise is frequented by an abundant array of water birds. The potential for the proposed storages associated with the development to provide water-based habitat to threatened birds such as C. ferruginea is therefore significant. • Result in invasive species that are harmful to a critically endangered or endangered species becoming established in the critically endangered or endangered species’ habitat Cropping of the area will carry risk of introducing invasive species through imported seed. The Proponent has indicated in documentation dating back to 2014, that a Biosecurity plan will be adopted once the proposal proceeds. The purpose of this plan will be to ensure that no cropped species or foreign weeds escape from the development area to impact on adjoining habitat. This policy has been adopted to date with existing agriculture on Gogo Station. Observation around the outside of the farmed area has indicated that no invasive or cropped species have migrated from within the farmed area. Management has adopted a standard weed management program to ensure that species planted within the area remain within the farmed area. • Introduce disease that may cause the species to decline, or The development involves cropping and therefore is not considered as a threat for disease to fauna. • Interfere substantially with the recovery of the species The Northern Quoll has a national recovery plan which was adopted in 2010. The plan identifies key threats to Northern Quolls as introduced carnivores (e.g. cats and foxes) and exposure to cane toad toxins. Additional threats may also include inappropriate fire regimes, land clearing, habitat degradation through over-grazing and destruction by humans. A recovery plan for the Gouldian Finch was adopted in 2005, and recognises inappropriate fire regimes and grazing impacts as two of the key threats to the species’ recovery.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Recovery plans for the Purple-crowned Fairy-wren, Night parrot, Australian Painted Snipe and the Curlew Sandpiper are yet to be adopted. It is recognized that inappropriate fire regimes are considered a current threat to many species, including granivorous birds, fire sensitive plants and a range of medium sized mammals. The proposed development may contribute to decreasing the occurrence of arson attacks on Gogo Station, which would decrease the occurrence of large, damaging wildfires within the region. The habitat to be cleared consists of open grassland based on clay soils that has been disturbed by grazing and controlled fire for more than 100-years. The area is part of approximately 150,000 hectares of continuous adjoining open grassland habitat on the northwest sector of Gogo Station alone. This habitat adjoins similar grassland on all surrounding properties, creating a vast area of grassland across the Kimberley region. The development on the selected Gogo Station area is considered a relatively small area of grassland habitat when considered in the landscape. The development is not considered to represent a significant loss of habitat that would disrupt the recovery of listed species. 5.1.3 Listed Migratory Species Twelve migratory species have been identified as having the potential to be impacted by the proposed development. These include: • Calidris ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper) • Pristis pristis (Freshwater Sawfish) • Acitis hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper) • Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) • Calidris acuminata (Sharp-tailed Sandpiper) • Calidris melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper) • Charadrius veredus (Oriental Plover) • Glareola maldivarum (Oriental Pranticole) • Pandion haliaetus (Eastern Osprey) • Calidris subminuta (Long-toed Stint) • Plegadis falcinellus (Glossy Ibis) • Tringa glareola (Wood Sandpiper) Note that the Curlew Sandpiper and the Freshwater Sawfish have been considered in assessments above. The proposed development is not predicted to significantly impact these two species. Each species has been considered with regards to the Significant Impact Guidelines below. An action is likely to have a significant impact on a migratory species if there is a real chance or possibility that it will: • Substantially modify (including by fragmenting, altering fire regimes, altering nutrient cycles or altering hydrological cycles), destroy or isolate an area of important habitat for migratory species Migratory bird species typically have very large ranges and therefore are found in a large number of habitats. Whilst a number of identified species tend to prefer coastal habitats (such as the Common Sandpiper and the Barn Swallow), these species may still be recorded inland whilst pausing on migration.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Migratory bird species typically utilise wetland habitat within inland Australia, which provides a source of food, water and respite for birds on their migration passage. There is a small potential that water extraction from the Margaret River by the proposed development will impact upon wetland habitat which may be used by migratory birds. Whilst the volume of water to be extracted from the river is small, a lack of hydrological and ecological data within the Fitzroy catchment means that the exact impacts of water extraction on wetland ecosystems cannot yet be quantified. Water extraction has the potential to lower connectivity between the main river channel and floodplain water bodies such as streams and billabongs. Extraction also has the potential to prematurely decrease the size of wetlands and groundwater-fed surface water bodies. It should be noted that the amount of water to be extracted by the proposed development is small in the context of total flow volumes within the catchment, and therefore that any impacts upon water flows are likely to be minor. The proposed development involves the construction of above-ground water storages for the storage of irrigation water. An existing water storage within Gogo Station which supports the existing cropping enterprise is frequented by an abundant array of water birds. The potential for the proposed storages associated with the development to provide water-based habitat to migratory birds is therefore significant. It should be noted that a thriving population of Ardeotis australis (Australian Bustard) has sought refuge within the existing water storage and cropping area on Gogo Station and now forms an integral part of the farming operation for pest control. Gogo’s biosecurity management strategy has resulted in a cessation of hunting this species by TO’s on cropped land. The species now has a thriving local population. The potential exists for other species to become more protected by cattle grazing and TO’s hunting is possible. Migratory birds may also forage for food across the development site. The proposal does involve significant modification to the development area by changing it from supporting grasses to supporting crops. The crops will continue to provide foraging habitat for a number of species in the form of seed and insects. This phenomenon has been identified in many other cropping areas where bird populations have increased as a result of the additional foraging value of crop land. • Result in an invasive species that is harmful to the migratory species becoming established in an area of important habitat for the migratory species, or The listed species considered in this assessment are fauna. The proposal involves crop production and therefore no harmful species issues should occur. The species of plant to be grown are already cropped in the Kimberley region. The proposal includes a monitoring program to manage weeds and pests as part of the overall biosecurity approach for developing agriculture in this region. Management aims to ensure that the crops grown on the property remain within the boundaries of the cropping area. This has been achieved with the existing farmed area on Gogo Station. • Seriously disrupt the lifecycle (breeding, feeding, migration or resting behaviour) of an ecologically significant proportion of the population of a migratory species The habitat to be modified on Gogo Station is not considered critical to the identified migratory species assessed within this report. None of the identified species are known to breed in Australia.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Wetland habitat within Fitzroy Crossing may provide respite for birds on passage whilst migrating. The proposed development is predicted to have minimal impact upon wetland habitat within the region. The presence of water in the form of stored water in storages, may provide additional habitat for these species. This is a common occurrence in irrigation areas and is observable at the existing small above ground storage associated with the existing irrigation on Gogo Station.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
6 National Heritage MNES Assessment 6.1 Background The proposed development is located within the West Kimberley Heritage Listing place under the EPBC Act. The proposed development involving clearing and farming operations within this Place has a potential to impact this listing. To assess this, guidelines indicate the following criteria need to be assessed. Firstly, the specific activity must be outlined in relation to the following clause: What is a significant impact? A ‘significant impact’ is an impact which is important, notable, or of consequence, having regard to its context or intensity. Whether or not an action is likely to have a significant impact depends upon the sensitivity, value, and quality of the environment which is impacted, and upon the intensity, duration, magnitude and geographic extent of the impacts. You should consider all of these factors when determining whether an action is likely to have a significant impact on matters of national environmental significance. The proposal involves clearing of land. This will result in the loss of native habitat from within fields and irrigation infrastructure that may at present provide some connection to land for TO’s. This connection has been reduced as a result of cattle grazing and the Pastoral Lease. The land was traditionally utilised for hunting of many species of bird and reptile. The open grassland will be replaced with crops and water holding bodies. These features are similar to existing habitat in that they provide seed and other foraging potential for many of the fauna species that are present, however the clearing will remove flora species. The development will not extinguish the hunting potential for the farmed area. The area will retain the potential to support a range of species targeted for hunting. Construction of water storages and associated channels will provide additional water bodies for local and migratory species. This is highly evident at the existing irrigation development which includes a small water storage. This has enabled some species to remain in the area for longer periods. The development proposal includes extraction and use of water from the Margaret River on an opportunity basis during flood events. The volume to be taken has been quantified using historic gauge data. This is the subject of a separate assessment. It is noted that the extraction does not impact on river flows below 3m in depth which represents a flow of greater than 27,000 ML per day. If the system is capable of capturing 3,000 ML per day, calculations using gauge data suggests that out of an annual average flow of 2000 GL, the maximum extraction for Gogo Station would potentially be 50 GL which is the storage capacity limit. The potential opportunities for flood harvesting are extremely variable. In many years of poor wet season condition, no water would flow to Gogo. In extremely large flood events, the maximum capture would be limited by storage capacity on the farm. The proposal does not have access to dry season flow in the river and therefore the integrity of all existing water holes will not be impacted by the proposal. The volume of water that could be taken is considered minor to the overall flow volume of any flood event. The amount to the extracted is not considered to impact main river flows or natural inundation of the floodplain. Flows referred to as environmental flows and cultural flows will not be impacted. Activities such as fishing will not be impacted as the river will retain environmental flows and base flow throughout the dry season (April to December).
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
The Gogo Station proposal is not setting a precedent. It is noted that the Liveringa-Camballin irrigation project was developed in the 1960’s under approval issued by the WA Government. This project involved diversion of water to the farm. The project continues extracting water for crop production. Extraction was made possible by a barrage built in the river. This barrage remains in place and has some environmental sensitivities to block fish passage during low or zero flow conditions. The Gogo Station proposal does not include any structures to be placed in the river that would alter river flows. Other precedents for water use include a multitude of projects on TO’s stations. The majority of these projects have been identified to improve cattle production through cropping. The water sources are primarily groundwater. This is an extensive resource that is still being identified in the Kimberley region. Many traditional owners have commented that the use of this water is beneficial for their economic development and therefore highly beneficial for TO’s to maintain their connection with the land if they are able to develop a more sustainable economic base for their communities. Much of this work is being led by Elders within the communities. These Elders retain the traditions and culture. In relation to the potential impact of the Gogo proposal is significant, the project is considered sensitive and this has been discussed extensively with TO’s. No objection has been raised other than concerns that the proposal will pump the river dry and in the long-term, result in deterioration of the habitat and therefore cultural connection to the river. The socio-economic benefits of the proposal are noted in a letter issued by the Marra Worra Worra Corporation who represent some 40-communities and 5-langauge groups in the Fitzroy Crossing region (Appendix 2). The Marra Worra Worra support the proposed development with the aim of “developing sustainable communities”. 6.2 Identification of Potentially Significant National Heritage Place Values The West Kimberley is listed as a National Heritage Place under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, covering 19.2 million hectares of land and ocean. The Place incorporates the northern parts of Gogo Station. The proposed development area is within the fringe of the Place. The West Kimberley was added to the National Heritage List on 31 August, 2011. At the time of the listing, representatives from Gogo Station contacted the Hon. Tony Burke, the then Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, to enquire as to the potential impact of the heritage listing upon the potential for Gogo Station to diversify into fodder crop production into the future. Mr. Burke indicated that the heritage listing was unlikely to impact upon potential diversification of Gogo Station into crop production, given that it is the “listed national heritage values of a national heritage place, rather than the entire place itself, that are protected by national heritage listing”. A copy of Mr. Burke’s letter is included in Appendix 4. The Australian Heritage Council (AHC) published a list and assessment of the heritage values of the West Kimberley (2011). The AHC’s report has been assessed regarding the proposed development, to ascertain which heritage values of the West Kimberley have the potential to be impacted by the proposed development. A copy of this assessment is presented in Appendix 5. The majority of listed heritage values of the West Kimberley relate to sites removed from the proposed development site (e.g. sites located in the north west, or on the coast, or discrete
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment heritage locations or with defined boundaries such as buildings, artefact sites or rock outcrops). These sites will not be impacted by the proposed development. A number of heritage values are associated with landscape features in the vicinity of Fitzroy Crossing. Relevant heritage values are outlined in Table 1. Table 1: Heritage Sites and Values in Proximity to Proposed Development Criterion Category Value A Ecology, Gogo fossil sites The place has outstanding biogeography heritage value to the nation and evolution The Gogo fossil sites have outstanding heritage value to the because of the place's nation under criterion (a) for important transitional fossils that importance in the course, or document the evolution of early Tetrapodomorph fish. pattern of Australia's natural and cultural history. B Ecology, Devonian reef The place has outstanding biogeography heritage value to the nation and evolution The Devonian Reef of the Kimberley has outstanding heritage because of the place's value to the nation under criterion (a) because it is a continuous possession of uncommon, rare record of 20 million years of reef deposition and shows the or endangered aspects of response of a Late Devonian reef to a mass extinction event. Australia's natural and cultural Gogo fossil sites history. The late Devonian Gogo fish fossil sites have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (b) for remarkable preservation of a diverse fauna of entire fossil fish skeletons complete with the rare preservation of extensive soft tissue. C Ecology, Devonian coral reef The place has outstanding biogeography, heritage value to the nation climate and The Devonian reef outcrops of the Lennard Shelf have because of the place's potential evolution outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (c) to yield information that will because of their potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding contribute to an understanding of the climatological and of Australia's natural and biological processes that affect major reef systems. cultural history. Gogo fossil sites
The Gogo fish fossils have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (c) as they have significant potential to yield new information about the natural history of Australia, the evolution of Australian vertebrates and about new technologies that can be used to study fossils. D Ecology, Rainbow Serpent traditions tied to Indigenous interpretations of The place has outstanding biogeography the different way in which water flows within the catchment heritage value to the nation and evolution because of the place's The Fitzroy River and a number of its tributaries, together with importance in demonstrating their floodplains and the jila sites of Kurrpurrngu, Mangunampi, the principal characteristics of: Paliyarra and Kurungal, demonstrate four distinct expressions of (i) a class of Australia's natural the Rainbow Serpent tradition associated with Indigenous and cultural places; interpretations of the different ways in which water flows within or the catchment and are of outstanding heritage value to the (ii) a class of Australia's natural nation under criterion (d) for their exceptional ability to convey and cultural environments. the diversity of the Rainbow Serpent tradition within a single freshwater hydrological system. E Wealth of Geikie Gorge Conservation Park and Geikie Gorge National Park The place has outstanding land and sea heritage value to the nation
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Criterion Category Value because of the place's Geikie Gorge Conservation Park and Geikie Gorge National Park importance in exhibiting have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (e) particular aesthetic for their aesthetic characteristics valued by the Australian characteristics valued by a community community or cultural group.
6.3 Preliminary Heritage Assessment 6.3.1 Devonian Reef The Devonian Reef consists of a sequence of limestone outcrops in the Oscar, Napier, Emmanuel and Pillara ranges. The reef is a continuous record of the Frasnian to the Famennian stage of the Late Devonian period (380-360 million years ago), and covers two significant marine mass extinction events. Famennian reefs are rare throughout the world. Studying the sequence of the Devonian Reef can provide insight into how reef communities react to climate change and changes in sea level. Devonian Reef outcrops serve as important sites of species endemism for many plant, mammal, reptile, invertebrate and frog groups. Devonian Reef outcrops occur within Gogo Station. These outcrops consist of rocky areas which are not suitable for agriculture. Matters of cultural significance have been discussed with TO’s to ensure that the development does not impact on local cultural sites. Consultation has included numerous inspections of the land by TO’s and involvement in current agricultural production on the property. Initial discussions with local TO’s identified that a rock outcrop area along the northern edge of the proposed development had cultural value. The value was not spoken about or defined. On this basis, the development has excluded this rock outcrop and immediate surrounds. This area will be retained in a natural condition outside of the proposed development. Access will be maintained in accordance with standard Station policy of notification prior to entry. The proposed development site will be located on alluvial clay plains, and will not incorporate any areas of Devonian Reef outcrops. No reef outcrops will be surrounded by the proposed development. Habitat connectivity of Devonian outcrops within Gogo Station will therefore be maintained, which is considered to protect the unique habitat values of the outcrops which support a range of endemic species in the region. Overall, the development is not predicted to impact upon Devonian Reef outcrops within the West Kimberley. 6.3.2 Gogo Fish Fossils The Gogo fish fossil sites are located within Devonian Reef outcrops within the West Kimberley. The fish fossil sites are one of the world’s most important early vertebrate fossil localities. Near- complete, articulated fossil fish are often found in limestone nodules and up to 50 different species are preserved. Fossils have been discovered with preserved soft tissue in association with bone. The deposits contain specimens of fish ancestral to tetrapods (vertebrate animals with four legs or leg-like appendages), fossils that clarify the anatomical transitions that took place at the base of this radiation. Fossils have also been discovered which present the earliest known evidence of internal fertilization and live birth in vertebrates.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
In short, the Gogo fish fossils are unique in preserving a diverse fossil fish fauna, complete with soft tissue anatomy, which provides significant insight into the evolution of vertebrates. The proposed development area is located over clay based soils and does not incorporate any areas of the Gogo Formation. The fossil areas are located on outcrops of rock which are not suitable for agriculture. Such sites are located some 4 km or more to the south of the development, on local range systems and rock outcrops. The 4 km will be used as a buffer zone to protect fossil sites from impacts of the development. The proposed development will therefore not impact on the important scientific values of fossils that have been preserved in this formation. 6.3.3 Rainbow Serpent Traditions Flow patterns within the Fitzroy River catchment are considered a National Heritage value, as they are culturally significant to indigenous populations of the region as an expression of Rainbow Serpent traditions. Whilst the proposed development involves extraction of surface water from the Margaret River (a tributary of the Fitzroy River), the volume of water to be extracted is small in comparison to the total flow volume of the river. Further, water will be extracted from a flood channel on an alluvial plain. Low flows will not be accessible to the project. Water extraction associated with the proposed development is therefore not predicted to significantly impact upon flow patterns of the Margaret River. Gogo Station has worked and consulted with TO’s of the region, to ensure that the nature and potential ramifications of the proposed development upon cultural flow values of the Fitzroy River are understood by indigenous groups. Consultation will continue into the future to enable indigenous stakeholders to participate within the development process, such that indigenous cultural values are protected by the proposed development. 6.3.4 Geikie Gorge National Park Aesthetic heritage values of the Geikie Gorge National Park and Conservation Reserve identified by the Australian Heritage Council include the colourful gorge cliffs and sculptured rock formations carved by water, riverine vegetation along the gorge, the fossil decoration of the gorge walls and the deep permanent waters within the gorge. Geikie Gorge National Park and Conservation Reserve are located on the Fitzroy River, upstream of the confluence with the Margaret River. The separation distance between the development and the Gorge in a direct straight line is approximately 11 km. The Gorge area is associated with Fitzroy River flows upstream of the influence of the Margaret River. Geikie Gorge can be considered as isolated from the development site and any potential impacts of the development. 6.4 Assessment Against National Heritage Assessment Criteria 6.4.1 Significant Impact Criteria An action is likely to have a significant impact on the National Heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that it will cause: • One or more of the National Heritage Values to be lost • One or more of the National Heritage values to be damaged or degraded, or
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• One or more of the National Heritage values to be notably altered, modified, obscured or diminished. The TO’s have been consulted to assess the proposed area of development. This consultation has included Elders, Corporate representatives and TO’s that have grown up on the property and have extensive initiations associated with this part of the region. TO’s and representatives of the region’s 5-language groups have been involved in their own archaeological assessment of the area to be cleared and cultivated for agriculture. Only one area of cultural significance has been identified within the development area. This area has been removed from the development footprint and will remain protected. The final footprint of the area does not include any site of cultural significance that may become damaged or altered as a result of the development. Further, buffer distances will be clearly delineated and maintained to ensure ongoing protection of sites of national heritage significance within the wider region. Accessing river lows to provide irrigation on Gogo Station is considered a more sensitive issue. Some difficulties have been identified with explanation of the proposal, however TO’s with a clear understanding of the proposal to extract water from the river have been included in all consultations with Elders to ensure that a full understanding of the proposal is made clear. TO’s and Elder groups ensured that an agreement was established to ensure that the proposal did not impact on low flows or normal dry season river conditions which are relied upon for fishing and recreation. This understanding included that the proposal was not associated with any damming of the river or works in the river. The principles of such an agreement is firmly incorporated in the proposed development design in that water can only be extracted once it floods the outer flood channels of the river.
6.4.2 National Heritage Places with Natural Heritage Values 6.4.2.1 Values Associated with Geology or Landscapes An action is likely to have a significant impact on natural heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will: • Damage, modify, alter or obscure important geological features in a National Heritage place • Damage, modify, alter or obscure formations or landscape features, for example, by clearing, excavating or infilling the land surface in a National Heritage place The proposed development will occur around two rocky outcrops that have been identified to have cultural significance. Elders were consulted with to determine their requirements for protection of this site. Maps were provided to show the development and the exclusion of this site from potential impacts. The Elders were satisfied with the proposal. The development will further not impact upon geological national heritage values within the region (such as the Gogo Fish Fossils, Devonian Limestone outcrops and Geikie Gorge), as these sites are not located within the footprint of the development. Buffer zones will be maintained to ensure that the visibility, quality and accessibility of sites of national heritage significance are not impacted by the proposed development.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Modify, alter or inhibit landscape processes, for example, by accelerating or increasing susceptibility to erosion, or stabilizing mobile landforms, such as sand dunes in a National Heritage place Erosion control measures, including dust control measures, will be implemented on site to minimise the potential impact of amenity values at sites of national heritage significance. Otherwise, the proposed development will not alter landscape processes which may result in alteration of sites of national heritage significance. • Divert, impound or channelize a river, wetland or other water body in a National Heritage place, and The proposed development involves the diversion of water from Blue Bush Creek, which is a flood channel of the Margaret River. The flows of the Margaret River, as part of the Fitzroy Catchment, are culturally significant to local indigenous groups as an expression of Rainbow Serpent traditions. The cultural impacts of water diversion from the Margaret River have been extensively considered in Section 3.2.2, Section 6.3.3 and Appendix 1. Overall, the potential impact of proposed diversion of floodwaters from Blue Bush Creek upon cultural water values of the Margaret River is likely to be minimal. Ongoing consultation will continue to occur throughout the development process to ensure that cultural values are identified and protected as far as is practicable by the proposed development. • Substantially increase concentrations of suspended sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, hydrocarbons or other pollutants or substances in a river, wetland or water body in a National Heritage place; permanently damage or obscure rock art or other ceremonial features with World Heritage values The development will implement a suite of management measures to minimise the potential impact of agricultural activities upon the Margaret River. Measures include (but are not limited to) the capture and recycling of tailwater from irrigation fields, to minimise the risk of discharge of irrigation water which may contain high nutrient and sediment loads into the surrounding environment. Management measures will be consistent with best practice management standards and will be implemented as an integral part of ongoing farm operations and maintenance. It is therefore considered to be unlikely that the proposed development will result in the release of pollutants into waterbodies within the National Heritage Place. No rock art or other artefacts or locations of World Heritage significance will be impacted by the proposed development.
6.4.2.2 Biological and Ecological Values An action is likely to have a significant impact on natural heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will: • Modify or inhibit ecological processes in a National Heritage place • Reduce the diversity or modify the composition of plant and animal species in a National Heritage place • Fragment or damage habitat important for the conservation of biological diversity in a National Heritage place • Cause a long-term reduction in rare, endemic or unique plant or animal populations or species in a National Heritage place, and
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Fragment, isolate or substantially damage habitat for rare, endemic or unique animal populations or species in a National Heritage place. The Devonian Reef outcrops are considered to be significant sites of biological diversity, supporting high rates of endemism and functioning as refuge sites for a range of threatened species within the landscape. Devonian Reef outcrops are not located within the footprint of the proposed development. Buffer zones will further be maintained to ensure that the reef is protected from indirect impacts of development. The development will not result in the fragmentation of habitat connectivity between Devonian Reef outcrops within the wider region. The development involves the clearing of approximately 9,000ha of grassland, located within an area of approximately 151,000ha of equivalent grassland habitat. The untouched grassland habitat will continue to provide foraging and connectivity values to species which may travel between sections of Devonian outcrop. The flows of the Margaret River are also significant in maintaining ecological processes and biological diversity within the Fitzroy Catchment. Hydrological assessment presented in Appendix 1 indicates that the proposed diversion of floodwaters from the Margaret River are minor in the context of the total flow volumes of the catchment. Currently, low rates of water are extracted from the Margaret River. It is forecast that average annual rainfall within the catchment will increase in the future as a result of changes in climatic conditions. Therefore, the proposed development is considered to be unlikely to significantly impact upon critical ecological processes of the catchment.
6.4.2.3 Wilderness, Aesthetic, or Other Rare or Unique Environment Values An action is likely to have a significant impact on natural heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will: • Involve construction of buildings, roads or other structures, vegetation clearance, or other actions with substantial and/or long-term impacts on relevant values, and • Introduce noise, odours, pollutants or other intrusive elements with substantial and/or long-term impacts on relevant values The proposed development will not involve the construction of buildings, roads, structures, vegetation clearance or other actions which will have substantial and/or long-term impacts on identified heritage values, as no heritage places have been identified within the footprint of the proposed development. The development will implement and maintain buffers between the proposed development site and sites of national heritage significance to protect the amenity values of sites of national heritage significance. The development will additionally implement a range of management measures (including dust minimisation and management measures) to minimise the impact of the proposed development upon the amenity values of National Heritage places within the locality of the development site.
6.4.3 National Heritage Places with Cultural Heritage Values 6.4.3.1 Historic Heritage Values An action is likely to have a significant impact on historic heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will:
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
• Permanently remove, destroy, damage or substantially alter the fabric of a National Heritage place in a manner which is inconsistent with relevant values • Extend, renovate, refurbish or substantially alter a National Heritage place in a manner which is inconsistent with relevant values • Permanently remove, destroy or substantially disturb archaeological deposits or artefacts in a National Heritage place As a result of consultation with the region’s TO representatives, land managers and rangers, the development site avoids all known archaeological deposits. Some risk remains that other smaller unknown deposits such as random scatters of artefacts may remain within the area. To avoid disturbance of these, the intention of the Proponent is to maintain consultations with TO representatives who will be involved in ongoing development of the area. This may include management of an archaeological site within the development area. The local Gooniyandi Rangers include site officers who are working on documentation of archaeological sites within their region. Buffer zones will be implemented to ensure heritage sites within the wider region are protected from being impacted by the proposed development. The development will therefore not result in modification/removal/ alteration/damage of historic heritage values within the wider region. Gooniyandi Corporation were engaged from the start of this project to consider impacts on their cultural values. Once the physical extent of the proposal was clarifying and agreement was reached to exclude an area of cultural significance, the Gooniyandi in addition to other regional tribes have contacted Gogo Station representatives to discuss the potential cultural and social impacts of the project and similar projects on their properties. The tribes that have contacted Gogo Station include Noonkanbah and Bunuba who have identified the positive social aspects that regional projects such as agriculture could benefit their communities. Benefits would include employment. It has been clearly identified that employment would develop an income stream outside of government welfare which would result in some training and education, but primarily a purpose to participate in the region’s opportunities without having to leave the area for better employment. The hope of the TO’s that this would develop a sustainable community base. The Elders in the region have clearly identified a relationship where welfare dependence reduction is hopefully replaced with respect for culture and the land. • Involve activities in a National Heritage place with substantial and/or long-term impacts on its values The proposed development involves diversion of floodwaters from Blue Bush Creek, which is a tributary of the Margaret River. However, as discussed in Sections 3.2.2, 6.3.3 and Appendix 1, this diversion is not predicted to produce substantial impacts on heritage values associated with Rainbow Serpent traditions expressed by water flows within the Fitzroy Valley. No other heritage values or sites occur within the footprint of the proposed development. Management strategies will be implemented to protect heritage values of heritage sites within the surrounding region, including through establishment of buffer zones and implementation of dust management practices to protect regional amenity values. • Involve the construction of buildings or other structures within, adjacent to, or within important sight lines of, a National Heritage place which are inconsistent with relevant values, and The Elders of TO groups within the locality have indicated they are satisfied with the plans to exclude cultural sites from the development site, and that this would not significantly impact upon
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment the cultural values of these sites. TO’s have indicated recognition of and support for the potential social and economic benefits of the project, which include provision of training and employment opportunities for their communities in which unemployment rates and social disengagement are significant issues.
The proposed development may be visible from vantage points of adjacent sites of heritage significance, such as Devonian limestone outcrops and potentially the heights of Geikie Gorge. However, the heritage values of these sites are not associated with landscape views from these heritage sites. Therefore, the development will not impact upon relevant heritage values of these places.
• Make notable changes to the layout, spaces, form or species composition of a garden, landscape or setting of a National Heritage place in a manner which is inconsistent with relevant values. No heritage sites are located within the footprint of the proposed development.
6.4.3.2 Other Cultural Heritage Values An action is likely to have a significant impact on historic heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will: • Restrict or inhibit the continuing use of a National Heritage place as a cultural or ceremonial site causing its values to notably diminish over time Gogo Station has an agreement with the Gooniyandi and its elders to retain access to the rocky outcrops adjacent to the development area in addition to continued access through the property to reach the Margaret River for fishing and recreational purposes. This agreement extends to other sites on the property, including initiation sites and general community access. • Permanently diminish the cultural value of a National Heritage place for a community or group to which its National Heritage values relate • Destroy or damage cultural or ceremonial, artefacts, features or objects in a National Heritage place, and • Notably diminish the value of a National Heritage place in demonstrating creative or technical achievement No cultural sites are located within the proposed development site. Buffer zones will be implemented to ensure that cultural sites within the region will be protected. Consultation with TO’s will continue throughout the course of the development to ensure that sites of cultural significance are identified and protected to the satisfaction of TO’s. The heritage values of cultural sites within the locality of the proposed development will therefore be protected and retained.
6.4.4 National Heritage Places with Indigenous Heritage Values An action is likely to have a significant impact on Indigenous heritage values of a National Heritage place if there is a real chance or possibility that the action will: • Restrict or inhibit the continuing use of a National Heritage place as a cultural or ceremonial site causing its values to notably diminish over time
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
Gogo Station operates a continuing agreement with TO’s, such that access to land across Gogo Station is not restricted to TO’s to enable continued cultural practices and traditions on the land. This agreement will continue with respect to the proposed development. In particular, sites of cultural significance will be excluded from impacts associated with the development, and will remain accessible to local indigenous peoples. There is potential for the proposed development to support ongoing traditional use of the land at Gogo Station. In respect to foraging, the source of species such as Bush Turkey are in short supply as a result of mainly over-hunting. The existing irrigated farming area attracts a significant number of this species and therefore the proposal has some beneficial outcomes to the local indigenous population by supporting ongoing hunting traditions. • Permanently diminish the cultural value of a National Heritage place for an Indigenous group to which its National Heritage values relate • Alter the setting of a National Heritage place in a manner which is inconsistent with relevant values The Elders of TO groups within the locality have indicated they are satisfied with the plans to exclude cultural sites from the development site, and that this would not significantly impact upon the cultural values of these sites. TO’s have indicated recognition of and support for the potential social and economic benefits of the project, which include provision of training and employment opportunities for their communities in which unemployment rates and social disengagement are significant issues. • Remove, destroy, damage or substantially disturb archaeological deposits or cultural artefacts in a National Heritage place • Destroy, damage, or permanently obscure rock art or other cultural or ceremonial, artefacts, features, or objects in a National Heritage place • Notably diminish the value of a National Heritage place in demonstrating creative or technical achievement • Permanently remove, destroy, damage or substantially alter Indigenous built structures in a National Heritage place, and No cultural sites are located within the proposed development site. Buffer zones will be implemented to ensure that cultural sites within the region will be protected. Consultation with TO’s will continue throughout the course of the development to ensure that sites of cultural significance are identified and protected to the satisfaction of TO’s. The heritage values of cultural sites within the locality of the proposed development will therefore be protected and retained. • Involve activities in a National Heritage place with substantial and/or long-term impacts on the values of the place. The proposed development involves diversion of floodwaters from Blue Bush Creek, which is a tributary of the Margaret River. However, as discussed in Sections 3.2.2, 6.3.3 and Appendix 1, this diversion is not predicted to produce substantial impacts on heritage values associated with Rainbow Serpent traditions expressed by water flows within the Fitzroy Valley.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
7 Conclusions The proposed development site is characterized by extensive tracts of moderately degraded grassland and low open woodland. The area to be cleared for the development represents a small area of grassland and open woodland in comparison to the total area of similar habitat on Gogo Station which is estimated to be in the order of 150,000 Ha. Additionally, this habitat is well represented on adjoining properties throughout the Kimberley, primarily the clay soils adjoining the primary floodplain of the Fitzroy River system.
Important adjoining habitat, such as limestone outcrop habitat within the region, will not be impacted by the proposed development. Such areas will be retained for grazing as they do not support appropriate agricultural soils.
A review of species that may be present and their potential impact has indicated that habitat on the site does not offer preferred habitat for rare and threatened listed species. Adjoining areas of habitat including sandy areas and floodplains, may offer some habitat for listed threatened species. These adjoining areas are to remain undisturbed by the development proposal and will continue to be used for grazing of cattle.
The proposed development is not considered to pose a risk to either local or national heritage values. The Proponent will continue to work closely with TO’s to ensure protection of any cultural heritage or artefacts of cultural significance that are present around the development site, including cultural values associated with river flows.
This document provides an assessment of the potential impacts that may occur as a result of converting approximately 9,000 ha of clay soils supporting grassland and small areas of open woodland, to agricultural land on Gogo Station. The proposal represents a significant extension of existing agricultural activities on the Station. With appropriate mitigation measures including a Biosecurity plan for crop and weed management, the proposal has potential to operate with limited environmental impact on the surrounding habitat which is supporting a wide range of species, both common and threatened.
SMK CONSULTANTS Gogo Station Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment
8 References Australian Heritage Council (2011) West Kimberley Place Report, Final Assessment of National Heritage Values of the West Kimberley DoE (2013) Matters of National Environmental – Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Department of the Environment Department of the Environment and Energy (accessed 2017) Protected Matters Search Tool, http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/protected-matters-search-tool Department of Parks and Wildlife (accessed 2017) NatureMap, https://naturemap.dpaw.wa.gov.au/ Harrington G.A., Harrington N.M. (2015) Lower Fitzroy River Groundwater Review, A report prepared by Innovative Groundwater Solutions for Department of Water, WA Hoare A., Lawrie K., Symington N., Brodie R.S., Tan K., Halas L., Brodie R.C., Magee J., Stocker C., Mueller N., Tingey W. (2016) Frontier Groundwater Investigations in the West Kimberley (Fitzroy) Region: Preliminary Assessment of Groundwater Resource Potential and the Salinity Hazard to Proposed Irrigation Developments, ASEG Extended Abstracts 1:1-7 Pusey B.J., Kath J. (2015) Environmental Water Management in the Fitzroy River Valley - Information availability, knowledge gaps and research needs, Report to the WA Department of Water, produced under the National Environmental Science Program SMK Consultants (2016), Kimberley Cropping Environmental Values Desktop Assessment Gogo Station Pty Ltd SMK Consultants (2016), Kimberley Cropping Business Plan Gogo Station Pty Ltd SMK Consultants (2016) Kimberley Cropping Water Resource Plan Gogo Station Pty Ltd
SMK CONSULTANTS