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Disorders of Puberty the Causes and the Endocrine Medical Treatment Disorders of Puberty • Sandro La Vignera and Aldo E. Calogero Disorders of Puberty The Causes and the Endocrine Medical Treatment Edited by Sandro La Vignera and Aldo E. Calogero Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Journal of Clinical Medicine www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm Disorders of Puberty DisordersofPuberty TheCausesandtheEndocrineMedical Treatment Special Issue Editors Sandro La Vignera Aldo E. Calogero MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Sandro La Vignera Aldo E. Calogero University of Catania University of Catania Italy Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/ special issues/Disorders Puberty). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-196-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-197-7 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Disorders of Puberty” .................................... ix Sandro La Vignera, Rossella Cannarella, Rosita A. Condorelli and Aldo E. Calogero Disorders of Puberty: Endocrinology of the Pre-Pubertal Testis Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 780, doi:10.3390/jcm9030780 .................. 1 Rossella Cannarella, Iva Arato, Rosita A. Condorelli, Giovanni Luca, Federica Barbagallo, Angela Alamo, Catia Bellucci, Cinzia Lilli, Sandro La Vignera, Riccardo Calafiore, Francesca Mancuso and Aldo E. Calogero The IGF1 Receptor Is Involved in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Signaling in Porcine Neonatal Sertoli Cells Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 577, doi:10.3390/jcm8050577 .................. 5 Rossella Cannarella, Francesca Mancuso, Rosita A. Condorelli, Iva Arato, Laura M. Mongio`ı, Filippo Giacone, Cinzia Lilli, Catia Bellucci, Sandro La Vignera, Riccardo Calafiore, Giovanni Luca and Aldo E. Calogero Effects of GH and IGF1 on Basal and FSH-Modulated Porcine Sertoli Cells In-Vitro Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 811, doi:10.3390/jcm8060811 .................. 15 Rossella Cannarella, Iva Arato, Rosita A. Condorelli, Laura M. Mongio`ı, Cinzia Lilli, Catia Bellucci, Sandro La Vignera, Giovanni Luca, Francesca Mancuso and Aldo E. Calogero Effects of Insulin on Porcine Neonatal Sertoli Cell Responsiveness to FSH In Vitro Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 809, doi:10.3390/jcm8060809 .................. 25 Anna Perri, Danilo Lofaro, Giulia Izzo, Benedetta Aquino, Massimo Bitonti, Giuseppe Ciambrone, Sandro La Vignera, Carlotta Pozza, Daniele Gianfrilli and Antonio Aversa The Risky Health Behaviours of Male Adolescents in the Southern Italian Region: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Disease Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1414, doi:10.3390/jcm8091414 ................. 37 Ylenia Duca, Antonio Aversa, Rosita Angela Condorelli, Aldo Eugenio Calogero and Sandro La Vignera Substance Abuse and Male Hypogonadism Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 732, doi:10.3390/jcm8050732 .................. 47 Ylenia Duca, Andrea Di Cataldo, Giovanna Russo, Emanuela Cannata, Giovanni Burgio, Michele Compagnone, Angela Alamo, Rosita A. Condorelli, Sandro La Vignera and Aldo E. Calogero Testicular Function of Childhood Cancer Survivors: Who Is Worse? Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2204, doi:10.3390/jcm8122204 ................. 73 Rosita A. Condorelli, Sandro La Vignera, Laura M. Mongio`ı, Angela Alamo, Filippo Giacone, Rossella Cannarella and Aldo E. Calogero Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 756, doi:10.3390/jcm8050756 .................. 85 v Rosita A. Condorelli, Aldo E. Calogero, Rossella Cannarella, Filippo Giacone, Laura M. Mongioi’, Laura Cimino, Antonio Aversa and Sandro La Vignera Poor Efficacy of L-Acetylcarnitine in the Treatment of Asthenozoospermia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 585, doi:10.3390/jcm8050585 .................. 93 Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Rosita A. Condorelli, Filippo Giacone, Antonio Aversa and Sandro La Vignera Management and Treatment of Varicocele in Children and Adolescents: An Endocrinologic Perspective Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1410, doi:10.3390/jcm8091410 .................101 Sandro La Vignera, Rosita A. Condorelli, Laura Cimino, Rossella Cannarella, Filippo Giacone and Aldo E. Calogero Early Identification of Isolated Sertoli Cell Dysfunction in Prepubertal and Transition Age: Is It Time? Reprinted from: J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 636, doi:10.3390/jcm8050636 ..................113 vi About the Special Issue Editors Sandro La Vignera. Born in Catania, Italy, on the 27th of July 1977. He earned his M.D. in 2002 at the University of Catania reporting 110/110 with honors, his post-graduate degree in Endocrinology in 2007 reporting 70/70 with honors, and Ph.D. in Andrological Science, Human Reproduction, and Biotechnologies in 2012. Since 2014, he has been Assistant Professor and Physician of Endocrinology at the University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania. He has also been awarded the National Scientific Qualification as Full Professor of Endocrinology. Orcid number: 0000-0002-7113-2372. He has authored over 240 publications in peer-reviewed journals on Pubmed. h-Index: 28 (Scopus). His research activity has mainly focused on the endocrinological aspects of reproduction and human sexuality, including male accessory gland infections/inflammations, hypogonadism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the impact of thyroid dysfunction on semen quality. He has been awarded as Best Under 40 Researcher in 2017 by the Italian Society of Endocrinology and included in the “Top Worldwide Scientists Database” in 2019 by Plos Biology. He holds important positions with several scientific societies and journals. He is a Board Member of the Master of Reproductive Biotechnology of the University of Catania, Delegate for the Sicilian Regional Health Department for continuing medical education, Treasurer of the Italian Society of Andrology and Medicine of Sexuality, Member of the Regional Executive Council of the Italian Society of Endocrinology, Member of the Editorial Board of Scientific Reports-Nature and Annals of Translational Medicine and Androgens: Clinical Research and Therapeutics, and Guest Editor for the Journal of Clinical Medicine and Frontiers in Endocrinology. Aldo E. Calogero. Born in Vittoria (RG), Italy, on the 29th of December 1958, Prof. Calogero earned his M.D. degree in 1983 at the University of Catania, reporting 110/110 with honors. In 1986, he achieved a post-graduate degree in Endocrinology at the University of Catania reporting 50/50 with honors. Orcid number: 0000-0001-6950-335X. Currently, he is Full Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Director of the Division of Endocrinology, University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Italy. He has published more than 800 articles, book chapters, and abstracts; of which, 385 are original articles published in peer-reviewed journals with impact factor (total impact factor 1277.474, 2018). h-Index: 52 (Scopus). He has organized and participated in the organization of numerous national and international conferences and has been a speaker and chairperson at more than 250 national and international congresses. He was included in the “Top Worldwide Scientists Database” in 2019 by Plos Biology. Prof. Calogero’s research activity was initially dedicated to the neuroendocrinological aspects of CRH- and GnRH-secreting neurons, which were investigated using in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models at the National Institute of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA). Subsequently, it was extended to different areas of male infertility that included sperm chromosome and DNA integrity, cigarette smoke, male accessory gland infections/inflammations (MAGI), diabetes and metabolic disorders, hypogonadism, and hormonal and non-hormonal treatment of male infertility. In particular, a great number of studies have been carried out to demonstrate the negative impact of MAGI, pollutants, diabetes, and cigarette smoke on sperm parameters, leading to the development of preventive strategies. Recently, he has also been studying the possible existence of a male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome. vii Preface to ”Disorders of Puberty” This book was conceived to help understand the mechanisms that occur in childhood and whose alterations probably contribute to the pathogenesis of male idiopathic infertility, a very common condition in our society. We hope that the topics contribute to the correct management of andrological health from the first months of life and then in childhood and adolescence, to
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