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Juno PPT Slides Presentation Title Presenter Presenter title Date Juno Mission Overview Salient Features: • First solar-powered mission to Jupiter • Eight science instruments to conduct gravity, magnetic and atmospheric investigations, plus a camera for education and public outreach • Spinning, polar orbiter spacecraft launched on August 5th 2011 – 5-year cruise to Jupiter, arriving July 2016 – About 1 year at Jupiter, ending with de- orbit into Jupiter in 2017 • Elliptical 11-day orbit swings below radiation belts to minimize radiation exposure • 2nd mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program Science Objective: Improve our understanding of giant planet formation and evolution by studying Jupiter’s origin, interior structure, atmospheric composition and dynamics, and magnetosphere Principal Investigator: Scott Bolton Southwest Research Institute Liftoff! Atlas V August 5, 2011 Kennedy Space Center Cape Canaveral, FL Why Juno? Jupiter is by far the largest • How did Jupiter form? planet in the solar system, • How is the planet arranged on the inside? and we’ve been studying it • Is there a solid core, and if so, how large is it? for hundreds of years. Yet • How is its vast magnetic field generated? we still have major unanswered questions • How are atmospheric features related to the movement of the deep interior? about this giant planet… • What are the physical processes that power the auroras? • What do the poles look like ? Juno Science Objectives Juno will improve our understanding of the history of the solar system by investigating the origin and evolution of Jupiter. To accomplish this goal, the mission will investigate Jupiter’s Origin, Interior, Atmosphere and Magnetosphere. What we learn from Juno also will tell us how giant planets form and evolve, helping us understand the evolution of planetary systems in general. The orbit: the key to the whole mission Spacecraft & Payload SPACECRAFT DIMENSIONS JunoCam Diameter: 66 feet (20 meters) Height: 15 feet (4.5 meters) UVS Waves (2 detectors) JEDI JIRAM (6 sensors ) JADE Gravity Science (4 sensors ) (2 sensors) Magnetometer (2 sensors, 4 support cameras) MWR (6 sensors ) Juno’s science instruments GRAVITY SCIENCE & MAGNETOMETERS Study Jupiter’s deep structure by mapping the planet’s gravity field & magnetic field 34 meters (112 feet) Juno’s science instruments MICROWAVE RADIOMETER Probe Jupiter’s deep atmosphere and measure how much water (and hence oxygen) is there Juno’s science instruments JEDI, JADE & WAVES Sample particles, electric fields and radio waves around Jupiter to determine how the magnetic field inside the planet is connected to the atmosphere and magnetosphere – especially the auroras Juno’s science instruments UVS & JIRAM Take images of the atmosphere and auroras, along with the chemical fingerprints of gases there, with ultraviolet & infrared cameras. JUNOCAM Take spectacular close- up, color images The Juno spacecraft Juno’s key components: Propulsion The Juno spacecraft Juno’s key components: Communications FLGA MGA HGA ALGA TLGA The Juno spacecraft Juno’s key components: Radiation vault The Juno spacecraft Juno’s key components: Solar arrays Preparations for launch Preparations for launch Preparations for launch Preparations for launch Launch Juno’s Flight Plan, or Trajectory • A five-year trek that loops once around the inner solar system before heading for Jupiter • Why does it take so long to get there? • Direct path would have required a much more powerful launch vehicle • Using Earth’s gravity for a boost makes the trip longer, but saves a lot of rocket cost! Deep Space Maneuvers • The spacecraft completed two deep space maneuvers on Aug. 30 & Sept. 14, 2012 • The two 30-minute engine burns refined Juno’s course, setting up the critical Earth flyby encounter Earth flyby • Successful Earth flyby completed on Oct. 9, 2013 • Multiple spacecraft instruments took data as a practice run for Jupiter • Juno left the encounter with the necessary velocity and heading to reach Jupiter on July 4th, 2016 Earth flyby – from space and ground Earth flyby Earth flyby – Hi Juno • More than 1500 amateur radio operators on all seven continents sent the word “HI” as a very slow Morse code message to Juno • The spacecraft detected several of these transmissions, which were turned into the visual above and audible sounds Are we there yet? What does the Juno team do during the five-year cruise to Jupiter? (Quite a lot, actually!) • Checkouts for the spacecraft’s engineering subsystems and science instruments • Trajectory control maneuvers – to stay on course • Deep space maneuvers (DSMs) • Prepare for Oct. 2013 Earth flyby (including spacecraft health & safety, targeting, science planning) • Outbound to Jupiter, during the “quiet cruise” phase, can we do some science on the way? • Science planning – science team has to plan operations for all 30 science orbits • Start preparing for Jupiter orbit insertion operations in summer 2015 (about 1 year in advance) For more information… Juno mission website: missionjuno.swri.edu On the NASA website: www.nasa.gov/juno Fly along with Juno Juno is part of NASA’s 3D interactive, Eyes on the Solar System… solarsystem.nasa.gov/eyes Supplemental materials Supplemental materials: Contents Slide 29 - Many Ways of Seeing & Studying Jupiter Slide 30 - Jupiter Exploration History: Where does Juno fit? Slide 31 - Juno Mission: Major Partner Institutions Slide 32 - Juno’s Orbit at Jupiter Slide 33 - Why Doesn’t Juno Study the Moons Slide 34 - Jupiter’s Radiation and the Juno Mission Slide 35 - Details about the End of Juno’s Mission Slide 36 - Juno’s Special Passengers: Lego Minifigures and Galileo Plaque Slide 37 - Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? Slide 39 - Big unanswered questions relevant to exploring giant planets Slide 41 - Juno’s Science Investigation: Probing the deep interior from orbit Slide 42 - Juno’s Science Investigation: Mapping Jupiter’s gravity Slide 43 - Juno’s Science Investigation: Mapping Jupiter’s magnetic field Slide 44 - Juno’s Science Investigation: Sensing the deep atmosphere Slide 46 - Juno’s Science Investigation: Exploring the Polar Magnetosphere Many ways of seeing Jupiter Where Does Juno Fit? Major Partner Institutions Juno’s orbit at Jupiter Why doesn’t Juno study the moons? Juno’s orbit deliberately avoids the four large Galilean moons. Why go all that way and not visit Europa? Radiation To accomplish its science objectives, Juno orbits over Jupiter’s poles and passes very close to the planet. This carries the spacecraft repeatedly through the hazardous radiation belts and limits the length of the mission. Orbits 1, 16 and 31 pictured End of mission Why crash a perfectly good spacecraft into Jupiter? After 33 orbits and 15 months at Jupiter, Juno will have received a dose of radiation equal to 100 million dental x-rays! Eventually radiation damage would render Juno uncontrollable, so the spacecraft is sent into Jupiter in a controlled way so there’s no possibility it will impact the icy moons. Juno’s special passengers Galileo, Juno and Jupiter Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt1) The Galileo mission dropped a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1995 and showed us our planetary formation theories were wrong! Haven’t we already been to Jupiter? Why go back? (Pt2) Perhaps Jupiter’s formation required an extra contribution from asteroid- sized pieces of ice and rock. These icy planetesimals could have carried in the other, more volatile, elements trapped within the ice. Colder ice would carry more volatiles, so Jupiter’s water content will tell us whether or not Jupiter formed farther from the Sun and drifted in to its current location. If Juno does not find extra water in Jupiter, then this icy planetesimal theory is wrong and we’ll need a whole new way to understand Jupiter’s formation. There are some big unanswered questions relevant to giant planets… • Over what period in the early solar system did gas giants form, and how did birth of Jupiter and its gas-giant sibling, Saturn differ from the “ice giants” Uranus and Neptune? • What is the history of water and other volatile compounds across our solar system? •How do processes that shape the present character of planetary bodies operate and interact? •We see a lot of giant planets around other stars. What does our solar system tell us about development and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems, and vice versa? Juno Science Additional detail about Juno’s science investigation Probing the deep interior from orbit Juno maps Jupiter from the deepest interior to the atmosphere using microwaves, and magnetic and gravity fields. Mapping Jupiter’s gravity Tracking changes in Juno’s velocity reveals Jupiter’s gravity (and how the planet is arranged on the inside). Precise Doppler measurements of spacecraft motion reveal the gravity field. Tides provide further clues. Mapping Jupiter’s magnetic field Jupiter’s magnetic field lets us probe deep inside the planet. Juno’s polar orbit provides complete mapping of planet’s powerful magnetic field. Sensing the deep atmosphere (Pt1) Juno’s Microwave Radiometer measures thermal radiation from the atmosphere to as deep as 1000 atmospheres pressure (~500-600km below the visible cloud tops). Determines water and ammonia abundances in the atmosphere all over the planet Synchrotron radio emission from the radiation belts makes this kind of measurement impossible from far away on Earth Sensing the deep atmosphere (Pt2) Microwave Radiometer investigates shallow atmospheric structure Gravity science investigates the much deeper structure of Jupiter’s interior Exploring the Polar Magnetosphere Jupiter’s magnetosphere near the planet’s poles is a completely unexplored region! Juno’s investigation will provide new insights about how the planet’s enormous magnetic force field generates the aurora. .
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