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Forbs for Seeding Range and Wildlife Habitats

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Forbs for Seeding Range and Wildlife Habitats Richard Stevens Stephen B. Monsen Chapter 19 Forbs for Seeding Range and Wildlife Habitats Forbs are abundant in all vegetative types throughout the Intermountain West. Most are found intermixed in grasslands and as understory plants in shrub and forest types. Forbs provide ground cover, soil stability, community (flora and fauna) diversity, nutritious forage, and are of aesthetic value. Forbs should be seeded in most range, watershed, mine recla- mation, highway, recreational site, restoration and revegetation projects. Many commonly used forbs have been introduced to the Intermountain West and are now under cultivation for seed production. The principal introduced forbs planted on range and wildlands are alfalfa, small burnet, and cicer milkvetch. Lewis flax, Rocky Mountain penstemon, and Palmer penstemon are the major native forbs being commercially grown and planted. Additional species are being commercially grown in seed fields as demand increases. Seeds of many native species are collected from wildland stands but generally are in short supply. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136. 2004 425 Chapter 19 Forbs for Seeding Range and Wildlife Habitats Chapter Contents by Species Achillea millefolium ssp. lanulosa (western yarrow) .......................................................................................... 430 Artemisia ludoviciana (Louisiana sage) ............................................................................................................... 430 Aster chilensis (Pacific aster) ................................................................................................................................ 431 Aster glaucodes (blueleaf aster) ............................................................................................................................ 433 Astragalus cicer (cicer milkvetch) ......................................................................................................................... 433 Balsamorhiza sagittata (arrowleaf balsamroot) .................................................................................................. 435 Balsamorhiza macrophylla (cutleaf balsamroot) ................................................................................................. 436 Balsamorhiza hookeri var. neglecta (hairy balsamroot) ...................................................................................... 436 Coronilla varia (crownvetch) ................................................................................................................................ 437 Geranium richardsonii (Richardson geranium) .................................................................................................. 438 Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium) ........................................................................................................ 439 Hedysarum boreale (Utah sweetvetch) ................................................................................................................. 439 Helianthella uniflora (oneflower helianthella) .................................................................................................... 440 Heracleum lanatum (cow parsnip)........................................................................................................................ 441 Ligusticum porteri (Porter ligusticum) ................................................................................................................. 442 Linum perenne spp. lewisii (Lewis flax) ............................................................................................................... 443 Lomatium triternatum (nineleaf lomatium) ........................................................................................................ 444 Lomatium kingii (nuttall lomatium) .................................................................................................................... 445 Lupinus sericeus (silky lupine) ............................................................................................................................. 446 Lupinus argenteus (silvery lupine) ....................................................................................................................... 447 Medicago sativa (alfalfa) ....................................................................................................................................... 447 Medicago falcata (sicklepod alfalfa) ..................................................................................................................... 447 Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweetclover) ............................................................................................................. 451 Mertensia arizonica (tall bluebell) ........................................................................................................................ 452 Onobrychis viciaefolia (sainfoin) ........................................................................................................................... 453 Osmorhiza occidentalis (sweetanise) .................................................................................................................... 454 Penstemon palmeri (Palmer penstemon) .............................................................................................................. 454 Penstemon cyananthus (Wasatch penstemon) ..................................................................................................... 456 Penstemon eatonii (Eaton penstemon) ................................................................................................................. 456 Penstemon humilis (low penstemon) .................................................................................................................... 457 Penstemon pachyphyllus (thickleaf penstemon) .................................................................................................. 457 Penstemon rydbergii (Rydberg penstemon) .......................................................................................................... 457 Penstemon strictus (Rocky Mountain penstemon) ............................................................................................... 457 Sanguisorba minor (small burnet) ....................................................................................................................... 457 Senecio serra (butterweed groundsel) ................................................................................................................... 459 Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod)............................................................................................................. 460 Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (gooseberryleaf globemallow) ................................................................................ 461 Sphaeralcea coccinea (scarlet globemallow) ......................................................................................................... 462 Trifolium (clovers) ................................................................................................................................................. 463 Trifolium fragiferum (strawberry clover) ............................................................................................................. 463 Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover)....................................................................................................................... 464 Trifolium pratense (red clover) ............................................................................................................................. 464 Trifolium repens (white clover) ............................................................................................................................. 464 Viguiera multiflora var. multiflora (Showy goldeneye)....................................................................................... 465 Viguiera miltiflora var. nevadensis (Nevada goldeneye) ..................................................................................... 466 Important characteristics of a number of forbs are The following forb species have the potential for listed in table 1. Seeding recommendations for princi- improving range and wildlife habitats in the Inter- pal vegetative types and conditions are discussed in mountain West. A brief description along with infor- chapter 17. Seed characteristics and information mation regarding ecological relationships and distri- about collection, cleaning, and storage are provided bution, cultural requirements, use, and management in chapter 24. Forbs adapted to different vegetative of each species are included. types and conditions are included in the seeding recommendations. 426 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-136. 2004 Chapter 19 USDA ForestService Gen.Tech.Rep.RMRS-GTR-136. 2004 Table 1—Characteristics of Selected Forbs. Ratingsb -Vegetative Early Compati- typea to Ease of Ease of Initial Seedling Final spring Summer Toler- bility with Seed Flood Shade Range which the handling Ease of trans- Germi- estab- growth estab- Persis- Natural Forage palata- palata- ance to Evergreen- other produc- Soil toler- toler- of adapt- species is Species seed seeding planting nation lishment rate lishment tence spread yield bility bility grazing ness species tion stability ance ance ability adapted Alfalfa, range type 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 2 4 5 SA,A,PP,MB,JP, MS,BS,WS Alfileria 2 4 2 4 4 5 3 2 5 3 5 3 4
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