Great Depression 1934-1935 By Trey Benally

Job availability and money to the poor

Government involvement

Social Security

National Labor relations act

WPA

PWA

Citizens relied on the government for support

Was the instrument in spurring economic growth

Regulating the stock market

Franklin D. Roosevelt supported labor- New Deal

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Union Uprising

Organized Labor declining

1933- about 3 million union members

Skilled Craft Unions and with the AFL

Roosevelt for Private-sector unions

“A fundamental individual right”

Investments in job programs and workers

Union Uprising

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Group made up of various craft and trade

To gain collective bargaining powers

Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees. Union Uprising

AFL organized strike on the Electric Auto-Lite Company

22% hourly wage hike

2 dead w/hundreds injured

May 1934

Minneapolis

General Drivers and Helpers Union (Teamsters)

Unionizing in hopes of raise

4 dead w/hundreds injured Union Uprising

United Textile Workers (UTW)

NRA permitting 25% cuts in working hours and pay

September 3 (labor Day) workers went on strike

Stretched from South Carolina to Massachusetts

Plant to plant stretch

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Georgia, North and South Carolina,

Eugene Talmadge declared statewide martial law bringing strikers to internment camps Union Uprising

FDR was able to suppress the progress

National Industrial Recovery Act

1933- suspended antitrust laws

Alliance of industries

Right to organize unions

No requirement of joining a labour organization

Declared Unconstitutional May 1935

Schechter Poultry Corp V Harry L. Hopkins

Born August 17, 1890, Sioux, Iowa

New Deal Democratic administrator

Worked closely with Eleanor Roosevelt to promote and defend other relief agencies

Negotiator

Winston Churchhill

Joseph Stalin FERA

Federal Emergency Relief Act

May 22, 1933

Harry L Hopkins

Former president and executive director of the NY State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration

FERA

Adequacy of relief measures

Providing work for employable people on the relif rolls

Diversification of relief programs

Work cooperatively with state government

Federal grants

Replaced by the Works Progress Administration

$3 billion to state and local governments for direct relief payments. Civil Works Administration

November 8, 1933

Subdivision of FERA

Employment

Aimed at unskilled laborers

Improved bridges, airports, and pipelines

Employed more than 4 million people

$15 a week Public Works Administration

June 16, 1933

Large-scale public works contruction agency

Billions of $$ to be reserved for construction

Employment

Funded more than 34,000 projects

Conservation in public policy planning

More than $6 billion spent Works Progress Administration

1935- Congress established the WPA

Employed 8.5 million people

Average Salary of $41.57 a month

WPA employees

Bridges, roads, public buildings and airports

Harry Hopkins

Largest relief program Unemployment

https://youtu.be/b6KSOaaWqb4

Wagner Act - July 5, 1935

National Labor Relations Act (1935) - Sen. Robert F. Wagner

To establish the legal right of workers to join labor unions to bargain collectively with their employers

Government involvement with labor relations

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Administer NLR

Power to decide labor disputes

Wagner Act

Opposed by Republicans and big business.

Challenged in Court

violation of the “freedom of contract”

unconstitutional intrusion

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937).

Upheld Wagner Act

National Labor Relations Board

To decide, when petitioned by employees, if an appropriate bargaining unit of employees exists for collective bargaining

To determine by secret-ballot elections whether the employees in a business or industry wish to be represented by labour unions

To prevent or correct unfair labour practices by employers and unions. Dr. Francis Townsend

Born January 13, 1867, Illinois

Townsend Plan

Monthly retirement pensions to citizens over the age of 60

$200 a month from government

Keep the elderly out of poverty

Published his ideas in newspapers in 1933 Dr. Francis Townsend

Townsendites

Gained a great amount of support

Critics of the New Deal

Townsends influences led the Roosevelt Administration to adopt a version similar to the Townsend Plan

Social Security Act Social Security Act

August 14, 1935

A permanent national old-age pension through employer and employee contributions

Retired workers age 65 or older

Eventually became available for the blind persons, handicapped, maternal and child welfare, and public health

Cushion Social Security Act

Public Assistance

Federal government would have to match state expenditures

Decision was left for the states

Unemployment Compensation

“Insurance”

Old-Age Insurance

Financed by tax on employers and employees

Born August 30, 1893, in Winnfield Louisiana

Became Governor of Louisiana in 1928

“Kingfish”

Supported the impoverished

Public Works

Welfare Legislation

Increased tax Huey Long

Manipulative

Autocratic-Intimidation

U.S senate 1932- fired legally lieutenant governor Paul Cyr

1934- Louisiana government

Abolished local government

Personal control of all educational, police, and fire job appointments

Control of militia, judiciary, and election and tax-assessing apparatus Huey Long

1932-1935

“Every man a king”, ”Share Our Wealth”

Redistribute the nation’s wealth more fairly

Restructured federal tax code and sharing revenue with the public

Capped personal fortunes at $50 million

A four week vacation for every worker

Regulation of commodities to stabilize the prices

Assassinated by Carl Austin Weiss 1935 Charles Coughlin

Born October 25, 1891, Ontario Canada

Greatly renowned for his radio broadcasts

“Radio Priest”

The Hour of Power

Political Interest

Anti-Hoover

Anti-New deal

Charles Coughlin

Early supporter of FDR

Through his broadcasts he encouraged votes towards FDR

FDR however, only wanted the endorsements

Coughlin became a puppet for FDR

FDR managed to continue to gain support for his New Deal

Tricked Coughlin to think he played a vital role

Audience of millions

Lower to middle class citizens Charles Coughlin

National Union for Social Justice (NUSJ)

Political action group- Washington D.C

Social Justice

Antisemitism

Prejudice against Jews

“International Bankers”

Died of heart failure on October 27, 1979

OPCVL

Origin

Created by Clifford Berryman

“Washington Post” in 1933

Displays FDR being portrayed as a child during the Christmas holiday while talking to Uncle Sam

Purpose

HIghlight flaws in FDR’s programs. FDR was unsure whether or not that his programs would work. The stockings (representing the programs) are awaiting a fulfillment that FDR is seeking. FDR is waiting for progress to appear. Uncle Sam represents the U.S OPCVL

Purpose

Uncle Sam giving FDR a unknowing sense of approvement allows FDR to proceed with hope. Being portrayed as a child FDR is characterized with gullible and naive qualities.

Value

As a cartoon in the “Washington Post”, it was widely viewed. This gave the public an insight towards opportunites that are bound to fail, because they were awaited for use by a “child”. The cartoon was primarily suppose to further enhance skeptism of persons that already had grasp. Indicates a slow restoration of the economy and society because FDR must wait to see progress. Bibliography

Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Jan. 2017

"Social Security." Social Security History. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

“Social Security Act." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 5 Aug. 2010. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/68456. Accessed 8 Jan.

2017."Depression-political Cartoons." Apus-b - Depression-political Cartoons. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. Bibliography

Buchholz, Rogene A. "National Industrial Recovery Act." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 07 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

"." Harry Hopkins. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

"Essay: The Federal Emergency Relief Administration." ::: Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Collection :::. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.

"Public Works Administration." Public Works Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.