Great Depression 1934-1935 By Trey Benally New Deal
Job availability and money to the poor
Government involvement
Social Security
National Labor relations act
WPA
PWA
Citizens relied on the government for support
Was the instrument in spurring economic growth
Regulating the stock market
Franklin D. Roosevelt supported labor- New Deal
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Union Uprising
Organized Labor declining
1933- about 3 million union members
Skilled Craft Unions and with the AFL
Roosevelt for Private-sector unions
“A fundamental individual right”
Investments in job programs and workers
Union Uprising
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Group made up of various craft and trade
To gain collective bargaining powers
Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees. Union Uprising
AFL organized strike on the Electric Auto-Lite Company
22% hourly wage hike
2 dead w/hundreds injured
May 1934
Minneapolis
General Drivers and Helpers Union (Teamsters)
Unionizing in hopes of raise
4 dead w/hundreds injured Union Uprising
United Textile Workers (UTW)
NRA permitting 25% cuts in working hours and pay
September 3 (labor Day) workers went on strike
Stretched from South Carolina to Massachusetts
Plant to plant stretch
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Georgia, North and South Carolina,
Eugene Talmadge declared statewide martial law bringing strikers to internment camps Union Uprising
FDR was able to suppress the progress
National Industrial Recovery Act
1933- suspended antitrust laws
Alliance of industries
Right to organize unions
No requirement of joining a labour organization
Declared Unconstitutional May 1935
Schechter Poultry Corp V United States Harry L. Hopkins
Born August 17, 1890, Sioux, Iowa
New Deal Democratic administrator
Worked closely with Eleanor Roosevelt to promote and defend other relief agencies
Negotiator
Winston Churchhill
Joseph Stalin FERA
Federal Emergency Relief Act
May 22, 1933
Harry L Hopkins
Former president and executive director of the NY State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration
FERA
Adequacy of relief measures
Providing work for employable people on the relif rolls
Diversification of relief programs
Work cooperatively with state government
Federal grants
Replaced by the Works Progress Administration
$3 billion to state and local governments for direct relief payments. Civil Works Administration
November 8, 1933
Subdivision of FERA
Employment
Aimed at unskilled laborers
Improved bridges, airports, and pipelines
Employed more than 4 million people
$15 a week Public Works Administration
June 16, 1933
Large-scale public works contruction agency
Billions of $$ to be reserved for construction
Employment
Funded more than 34,000 projects
Conservation in public policy planning
More than $6 billion spent Works Progress Administration
1935- Congress established the WPA
Employed 8.5 million people
Average Salary of $41.57 a month
WPA employees
Bridges, roads, public buildings and airports
Harry Hopkins
Largest relief program Unemployment
https://youtu.be/b6KSOaaWqb4
Wagner Act - July 5, 1935
National Labor Relations Act (1935) - Sen. Robert F. Wagner
To establish the legal right of workers to join labor unions to bargain collectively with their employers
Government involvement with labor relations
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Administer NLR
Power to decide labor disputes
Wagner Act
Opposed by Republicans and big business.
Challenged in Court
violation of the “freedom of contract”
unconstitutional intrusion
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937).
Upheld Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Board
To decide, when petitioned by employees, if an appropriate bargaining unit of employees exists for collective bargaining
To determine by secret-ballot elections whether the employees in a business or industry wish to be represented by labour unions
To prevent or correct unfair labour practices by employers and unions. Dr. Francis Townsend
Born January 13, 1867, Illinois
Townsend Plan
Monthly retirement pensions to citizens over the age of 60
$200 a month from government
Keep the elderly out of poverty
Published his ideas in newspapers in 1933 Dr. Francis Townsend
Townsendites
Gained a great amount of support
Critics of the New Deal
Townsends influences led the Roosevelt Administration to adopt a version similar to the Townsend Plan
Social Security Act Social Security Act
August 14, 1935
A permanent national old-age pension through employer and employee contributions
Retired workers age 65 or older
Eventually became available for the blind persons, handicapped, maternal and child welfare, and public health
Cushion Social Security Act
Public Assistance
Federal government would have to match state expenditures
Decision was left for the states
Unemployment Compensation
“Insurance”
Old-Age Insurance
Financed by tax on employers and employees Huey Long
Born August 30, 1893, in Winnfield Louisiana
Became Governor of Louisiana in 1928
“Kingfish”
Supported the impoverished
Public Works
Welfare Legislation
Increased tax Huey Long
Manipulative
Autocratic-Intimidation
U.S senate 1932- fired legally lieutenant governor Paul Cyr
1934- Louisiana government
Abolished local government
Personal control of all educational, police, and fire job appointments
Control of militia, judiciary, and election and tax-assessing apparatus Huey Long
1932-1935
“Every man a king”, ”Share Our Wealth”
Redistribute the nation’s wealth more fairly
Restructured federal tax code and sharing revenue with the public
Capped personal fortunes at $50 million
A four week vacation for every worker
Regulation of commodities to stabilize the prices
Assassinated by Carl Austin Weiss 1935 Charles Coughlin
Born October 25, 1891, Ontario Canada
Greatly renowned for his radio broadcasts
“Radio Priest”
The Hour of Power
Political Interest
Anti-Hoover
Anti-New deal
Charles Coughlin
Early supporter of FDR
Through his broadcasts he encouraged votes towards FDR
FDR however, only wanted the endorsements
Coughlin became a puppet for FDR
FDR managed to continue to gain support for his New Deal
Tricked Coughlin to think he played a vital role
Audience of millions
Lower to middle class citizens Charles Coughlin
National Union for Social Justice (NUSJ)
Political action group- Washington D.C
Social Justice
Antisemitism
Prejudice against Jews
“International Bankers”
Died of heart failure on October 27, 1979
OPCVL
Origin
Created by Clifford Berryman
“Washington Post” in 1933
Displays FDR being portrayed as a child during the Christmas holiday while talking to Uncle Sam
Purpose
HIghlight flaws in FDR’s programs. FDR was unsure whether or not that his programs would work. The stockings (representing the programs) are awaiting a fulfillment that FDR is seeking. FDR is waiting for progress to appear. Uncle Sam represents the U.S OPCVL
Purpose
Uncle Sam giving FDR a unknowing sense of approvement allows FDR to proceed with hope. Being portrayed as a child FDR is characterized with gullible and naive qualities.
Value
As a cartoon in the “Washington Post”, it was widely viewed. This gave the public an insight towards opportunites that are bound to fail, because they were awaited for use by a “child”. The cartoon was primarily suppose to further enhance skeptism of persons that already had grasp. Indicates a slow restoration of the economy and society because FDR must wait to see progress. Bibliography
Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Jan. 2017
"Social Security." Social Security History. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
“Social Security Act." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 5 Aug. 2010. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/68456. Accessed 8 Jan.
2017."Depression-political Cartoons." Apus-b - Depression-political Cartoons. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017. Bibliography
Buchholz, Rogene A. "National Industrial Recovery Act." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 07 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
"Harry Hopkins." Harry Hopkins. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
"Essay: The Federal Emergency Relief Administration." ::: Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Collection :::. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
"Public Works Administration." Public Works Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.