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Lived Experience and Literature: Trans Authors, Trans Fiction And Lived Experience and Literature: Trans Authors, Trans Fiction and Trans Theory HUTSON, Emma Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/25366/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version HUTSON, Emma (2019). Lived Experience and Literature: Trans Authors, Trans Fiction and Trans Theory. Doctoral, Sheffield Hallam University. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Lived Experience and Literature: Trans Authors, Trans Fiction and Trans Theory Emma Hutson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2019 1 Abstract The primary aim of this thesis is to investigate the complex relationship between contemporary trans rights discourses and contemporary trans fiction by trans authors with a critical framework informed by scholarship in the field of trans theory. Trans theory cannot exist separately from lived experience, and I argue that trans authored texts are the written equivalent of lived experience. I state that trans theory is uniquely positioned to consider the impact of theoretical concerns on subJective experience and the ways in which seemingly disparate communities may be linked through shared oppression. In showing that trans theory may be thematically applied to trans texts, this thesis provides the basis for a framework of trans literary analysis that may be applied to all texts. The analysis is presented thematically, covering the topics of essentialism, passing, representation and violence. Each theme is discussed theoretically and then used to analyse two trans authored fiction texts. In order to provide my analysis, I have used and modified Judith Butler’s work on cultural intelligibility and viability (1990, 2008), and Johanne Galtung’s work on types of violence (1969, 1998) as lenses for analysis to better account for the specific ways in which societies have an impact on trans lived experience and oppression. An obJective of this thesis is to highlight the importance of trans narratives in society and how their analysis is beneficial both theoretically and socially. My main contributions to knowledge within this thesis are twofold: I create a paradigm for the development of trans theory as a method of literary criticism; and I apply this to the previously under acknowledged genre of trans fiction. 2 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 7 Candidate’s Statement ............................................................................................... 8 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 0.1 Aims, Scope and Questions .......................................................................................... 9 0.2 Terminology ............................................................................................................... 11 0.3 Theoretical Context .................................................................................................... 17 0.3.1 – Feminism .............................................................................................................................. 18 0.3.2 – Queer Theory ........................................................................................................................ 20 0.3.3 – Trans Theory ......................................................................................................................... 22 0.4 Methodology: Theory and Activism ............................................................................ 28 0.5 Choice of Texts: Trans Fiction ..................................................................................... 34 0.6 Structure of Thesis ..................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 1: Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism .......................................................... 49 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 49 1.1: Essentialism .............................................................................................................. 57 1.1.1: Cis context .............................................................................................................................. 58 1.1.2: Trans context .......................................................................................................................... 62 1.2: Anti-Essentialism ...................................................................................................... 66 1.2.1: Cis context .............................................................................................................................. 66 1.2.2: Trans context .......................................................................................................................... 71 1.3: Tiny Pieces of Skull .................................................................................................... 74 1.4: Refuse ....................................................................................................................... 87 1.5: Coda ....................................................................................................................... 103 Chapter 2: Passing: The Single Story Narrative ....................................................... 105 2: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 105 2.1: Reasons for Passing and their Impact ...................................................................... 110 2.2: Reasons for Not Passing and their Impact ............................................................... 115 2.3: Stone Butch Blues .................................................................................................... 118 2.4: Transition to Murder ............................................................................................... 130 2.5: Coda ....................................................................................................................... 145 Chapter 3: Community, Representation and Visibility ............................................. 147 3: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 147 3.1: Community ............................................................................................................. 152 3.2: Representation and Visibility .................................................................................. 158 3.3: Roving Pack ............................................................................................................ 168 3 3.4: Otros Valles ............................................................................................................. 181 3.5: Coda ....................................................................................................................... 194 Chapter 4: Society and Violence ............................................................................ 196 4: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 196 4.1: Identity violence ..................................................................................................... 200 4.2: Physical Violence ..................................................................................................... 208 4.3: Nevada ................................................................................................................... 213 4.4: First Spring Grass Fire .............................................................................................. 226 4.5: Coda ....................................................................................................................... 235 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 238 5: Summary ................................................................................................................... 238 5.1: Essentialism ............................................................................................................ 239 5.2: Passing .................................................................................................................... 240 5.3: Representation and Community .............................................................................. 240 5.4: Violence .................................................................................................................. 241 5.5: Limitations and Future Recommendations .............................................................. 242 5.6: Final Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 243 Bibliography .........................................................................................................
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