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First Aid Resource Pack Emergency First Aid at Work
www.westsussex.gov.uk
Please note:
This document is intended as a resource pack to assist you in gaining or refreshing your First Aid knowledge. You will still be required to attend face to face training when this is resumed.
If you are in any doubt as to the seriousness of a situation, you must seek immediate medical advice.
In an emergency, dial 999.
For the NHS non-emergency advice line, dial 111.
Please watch the below video's using your own device where possible, e.g. home PC, tablet or mobile phone. You can access the L&D Gateway via www.westsussexcpd.co.uk from your home device. Alternatively, please watch outside of the peak working times of 8am to 6pm as this will help to reduce demand on the WSCC network.
Lifesaver game
At points throughout this document, you will be prompted to practise your lifesaving skills by selecting different scenarios using the Lifesaver game.
Lifesaver is a live-action movie that you play like a game. It is a cutting-edge way to learn life-saving skills anytime, anywhere, through four action-packed scenarios. It throws you into the heart of the action as you make the crucial decisions and learn the essential skills needed to save a life.
It is available as an app for smartphones and tablets which you can download from the App Store and Google Play:
It is also possible to play on your desktop / laptop, but you will need to ensure your computer has the correct Flash Player for this. Here is the link:
http://www.life-saver.org.uk/
Emergency First Aid at Work
Extension to expiring first aid certificates as the COVID-19 lockdown is eased:
The HSE (Health and Safety Executive) have updated their advice regarding Emergency First Aid at Work and First Aid at Work certificate validity extensions. This update relates to certificates which expired on or after 16th March 2020 and the time remaining for requalification training to be completed:
"The first aid training industry in England is confident that enough courses will now be available for all required requalification training to take place. HSE has therefore agreed a final deadline for requalification for these qualifications of 30th September 2020."
For further information on the HSE's advice, please click here: https://www.hse.gov.uk/news/first-aid-certificate- coronavirus.htm?dm_i=4UZ0,CIZP,PRWMF,1EQCR,1
The DfE (Department for Education) have also updated their advice regarding Paediatric First Aid certificate validity extensions. This update relates to certificates which expired on or after 16th March 2020 and the time remaining for requalification training to be completed.
“Additionally, if PFA certificate requalification training is prevented for reasons associated directly with coronavirus (COVID-19), or by complying with related government advice, the validity of current certificates can be extended by up to 3 months. This applies to certificates expiring on or after 16th March 2020. If requalification training is still unavailable, a further extension is possible to no later than 30th September 2020.”
For further information on the DfE’s advice, please click here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-early-years-and- childcare-closures/coronavirus-covid-19-early-years-and-childcare- closures?dm_i=4UZ0,CIZP,PRWMF,1EQCP,1#early-years-foundation-stage
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
Subjects:
• Primary Survey
• Recovery Position
• CPR and AED’s (Automated External Defibrillator)
• Choking
• Stroke
• Seizures
• Bleeding
• Shock
• Burns
• Minor injuries
IMPORTANT:
A Purple box denotes a temporary change in protocol due to the current COVID-19 Covid19 pandemic. Change Please follow the guidance set out in these boxes whilst the pandemic is still ongoing.
As guidelines change, this document will be updated
Emergency First Aid at Work
• Primary Survey (Adult & Child)
The Primary Survey is our initial assessment of a casualty. It’s a systematic way of assessing their level of consciousness and most importantly, whether they are breathing or not breathing. If we always use the Primary Survey when approaching a casualty, we will always be protecting ourselves, as the first step is to check for Danger.
Here we can use the DR ABC acronym:
• Danger • Response • Airway • Breathing • Circulation
• Danger: Is it safe to approach the casualty? Your own safety comes first.
• Response: Try to assess the level of consciousness by speaking to the casualty and gently shaking their shoulders.
• Airway: If the casualty is not responding, you will quickly need to open the airway by tilting their head back.
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
• Breathing: Check if the casualty is breathing or not breathing by putting your ear close to their mouth and:
• Look at the chest to see if it rises and falls. • Listen for normal, un-laboured breathing. • Feel for the casualty’s breath on your cheek.
Do this for no more than 10 seconds.
• If the casualty is unconscious and not breathing normally, you will need to start CPR (see CPR section below).
IMPORTANT:
Do not listen or feel for breathing by placing your ear and cheek close to the patient’s mouth. Covid19 Look for the absence of signs of life and the absence of normal breathing. Change If you are in any doubt about confirming cardiac arrest, the default position is to start chest compressions until help arrives.
• Circulation: Identify and treat any life-threatening circulation problems (heart attack, heart failure, severe bleeding, poisoning, anaphylaxis).
• When life-threatening circulation problems have been ruled out or treated, the Primary Survey is complete. • You can now look for less urgent problems, such as broken bones.
How to complete a Primary Survey:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea1RJUOiNfQ&t=23s
Baby Primary Survey:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZYptqxfZ1E
Emergency First Aid at Work
• Recovery Position
When a casualty is unconscious and breathing, the best thing we can do for them is to place them in the Recovery Position as quickly and safely as possible.
• Placing a casualty in the Recovery Position protects the airway from both of these dangers. The tongue will not fall backwards, and vomit will run out of the mouth.
See here how to place a casualty in the Recovery Position:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmqXqwSV3bo
Baby Recovery Position:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NupCeGFUuoo
• Remember, once your casualty is in the Recovery Position:
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
• CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
When a casualty is unconscious and not breathing normally, we need to call for help and immediately start CPR.
We can call for help in one of two ways:
o Ask a bystander to call 999 and send for an AED. o If you are alone, call 999 on your mobile phone. Use the loudspeaker function, place the phone down, and commence CPR while talking to the call handler.
Now we know help is on the way, we need to start CPR as quickly as possible.
CPR Adult:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQNNOh8c8ks&t=198s
CPR Child:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aV9NS0ogiM
CPR Baby:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avYRvVHAvfM
CPR protocol in summary:
o Adult: 30 Chest Compressions:2 Rescue Breaths
o Child: 5 initial Rescue Breaths, then 30 Chest Compressions:2 Rescue Breaths
o Baby: 5 initial Rescue Breaths, then 30 Chest Compressions:2 Rescue Breaths
Emergency First Aid at Work
Rescue Breaths
Rescue breaths will give the casualty a better chance of survival, but they should only be attempted if you are trained and it is safe to do so.
If you do not have a resuscitation face shield or mask, there is vomit or fluid present, or you do not feel safe attempting rescue breaths – you do not have to do them.
Chest compression only resuscitation is perfectly acceptable and will still give the casualty a chance of survival.
If you are attempting chest compression only resuscitation, you do not need to stop at 30 compressions. Just keep going at a rate of 2 compressions a second continuously.
IMPORTANT:
If COVID-19 is suspected, tell the call handler when you call 999.
Covid19 If there is a perceived risk of infection, rescuers should place a cloth/towel over the casualty’s mouth and nose and attempt compression only CPR and Change early defibrillation until the ambulance (or advanced care team) arrives.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4ZI1PAsmks&feature=youtu.be
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
Agonal Breathing
• Warning: In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a casualty may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy gasps.
• These are known as ‘agonal’ gasps and should not be confused with normal breathing - if you are in doubt, you must start CPR.
• To the untrained eye, agonal gasps can give the impression that the casualty is conscious and moving – this can be confusing for the rescuer.
• A casualty can also have ‘seizure like’ episodes during a Cardiac Arrest where the body may move around.
• Neither of these are conscious actions, more a reflex action of the body due to the situation.
• A First Aider should familiarise themselves with the above in order to prepare themselves in the instance of a real-life situation.
The following links are to videos of real-life resuscitations. They are quite difficult to watch, but both have positive outcomes, and both will help to familiarise you with these conditions:
Agonal breathing – Taka, back from the dead, Bondi Rescue: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICODRFoWZkw&t=1s
Seizure like episode – Chris Solomons Cardiac Arrest, Helicopter Heroes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w32PUDL2lb8&t=225s
You can practise the Primary Survey, Recovery Position and CPR by playing the Lifesaver game on your phone or tablet, or via the link below. Select ‘Peter’ from the menu: http://www.life-saver.org.uk/
Emergency First Aid at Work
• AED (Automated External Defibrillator)
Cardiac Arrest occurs because the normal electrical rhythm that controls the heart is replaced by a chaotic disorganised electrical rhythm called Ventricular Fibrillation (VF).
An AED delivers a high energy electric shock to a casualty to restore the heart’s normal rhythm. They are compact, portable, easy to use and guide the operator through the process with prompts and commands. The AED analyses precisely the casualty’s heart rhythm and will only deliver a shock if it is required.
Anybody can use an AED – even without prior training.
How to use an AED:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbjcCjSNvUY
UK out of hospital Cardiac Arrest survival rates:
• CPR alone - around 5% • CPR with AED - upwards of 50%
Children and Babies.
AED’s are also safe to use on Children and Babies. Some have paediatric pads in the carry case with them, and some have a paediatric setting that you can switch to. Either of these will mean a smaller shock is delivered to the casualty.
If your AED doesn’t have these, it is still much better to deliver a shock with adult pads to a child or baby that is unconscious and not breathing, than to do CPR alone.
Usually the electrode pads are placed on the centre of the chest and the upper back in between the shoulder blades – unless the AED advises you otherwise. If you only have adult pads, they are always placed this way on a child/baby.
Please see this helpful list of frequently asked questions on AED’s:
https://www.resus.org.uk/faqs/faqs-defibrillators/
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
Public Access Defibrillators
Public Access Defibrillators (PAD’s) are AED’s that are available for use by members of the public in an emergency. Usually placed in areas where large amounts of people will be, or in more remote locations, they are becoming more and more common.
When you call 999, a call handler may be able to advise you of the location of your nearest AED.
They will usually be found in a wall mounted, locked cabinet. To access the AED, you will need to give the call handler your location (which may be displayed on the cabinet). They will then provide you with the access code to open the cabinet.
Public Access Defibrillator locators: There are also apps for smartphones that work with maps to show you the AED’s closest to your current location. These are available to download on Google Play and the App Store.
You can practise using an AED by playing the Lifesaver game on your phone or tablet, or via the link below. Select ‘Jake’ and ‘Harry’ from the menu: http://www.life-saver.org.uk/
Emergency First Aid at Work
• Choking
If you suspect a person is choking, the first thing you need to do is encourage them to cough.
If they are able to cough, this means there is air movement and it is not a complete blockage. Allow the person to try to clear the blockage themselves.
If they are unable to cough and are silent, this indicates a full blockage and you will need to act fast to help them. Here’s how:
Choking Adult or Child:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA9hpOnvtCk
Choking Baby:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oswDpwzbAV8
Choking Protocol in summary:
If you are unsuccessful with your treatment, the casualty will lose consciousness.
If it gets to this stage, you must ensure help is on the way and start CPR.
CPR is started in exactly the same way as before (see CPR section above).
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
You can practise treating a Choking casualty by playing the Lifesaver game on your phone or tablet, or via the link below. Select ‘Rebecca’ from the menu: http://www.life-saver.org.uk/
Emergency First Aid at Work
• Stroke
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhH9a0kIwmk
• Seizures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovsw7tdneqE&t=47s
• Bleeding
Severe bleeding:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxO5LvgqZe0
Cuts & Grazes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e7evinsfm0
• Shock
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61urGQrmeNM
• Burns
Adult / Child:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaJmzB8YgS0
Baby:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqLbwfEZwQc Please note: The minimum amount of time for cooling a burn under running water is now 20 Minutes.
• Minor Injuries
Nose bleeds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmmhxW0vVXA
Emergency First Aid at Work www.westsussex.gov.uk
Cuts & Grazes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e7evinsfm0
Eye injuries: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHrrxe3p8vw
For any questions, further advice on First Aid or feedback, please contact:
Jay Hunter, Learning & Development Officer (First Aid), WSCC.
Internal: 22189 | External: 033022 22189
Emergency First Aid at Work