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Comparison of Biodegradable, Plastic and Wodden Imidacloprid- Treated Spheres for Control of Rhagoletis Mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies

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Comparison of Biodegradable, Plastic and Wodden Imidacloprid- Treated Spheres for Control of Rhagoletis Mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS) College of the Environment and Life Sciences 2003 Comparison of Biodegradable, Plastic and Wodden Imidacloprid- Treated Spheres for Control of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies Jon E. Hamill Oscar E. Liburd Steven R. Alm University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cels_past_depts_facpubs Citation/Publisher Attribution Hamill, J. E., Liburd, O. E., & Alm, S. R. (2003). Comparison of Biodegradable, Plastic and Wodden Imidacloprid-Treated Spheres for Control of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies. Florida Entomologist, 86(2), 206-210. doi: 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0206:COBPAW]2.0.CO;2 Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0206:COBPAW]2.0.CO;2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of the Environment and Life Sciences at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARISON OF BIODEGRADABLE, PLASTIC AND WOODEN IMIDACLOPRID-TREATED SPHERES FOR CONTROL OF RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FLIES Authors: Jon E. Hamill, Oscar E. Liburd, and Steven R. Alm Source: Florida Entomologist, 86(2) : 206-210 Published By: Florida Entomological Society URL: https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0206:COBPAW]2.0.CO;2 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Florida-Entomologist on 17 Jul 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use 206 Florida Entomologist 86(2) June 2003 COMPARISON OF BIODEGRADABLE, PLASTIC AND WOODEN IMIDACLOPRID-TREATED SPHERES FOR CONTROL OF RHAGOLETIS MENDAX (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FLIES JON E. HAMILL, OSCAR E. LIBURD AND STEVEN R. ALM1 Department of Entomology and Nematology, Natural Area Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 1Department of Plant Sciences, Woodward Hall, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 ABSTRACT In experiments comparing biodegradable, plastic and wooden imidacloprid-treated spheres for control of Rhagoletis mendax Curran, the mean number of flies caught on plexiglas panes be- low each sphere type was not significantly different for the entire season. However, the mean time spent by R. mendax flies alighting on biodegradable imidacloprid-treated spheres was significantly greater (2.6×) than plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres. During 2001, signifi- cantly fewer larvae were found in blueberries harvested from bushes that had wooden imida- cloprid-treated spheres hung within the canopy compared with bushes where biodegradable and plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres were deployed. There was no significant difference between the number of larvae found in berries picked from bushes where biodegradable or plastic spheres were deployed. All imidacloprid-treated sphere treatments were found to sig- nificantly reduce blueberry maggot larval infestation in fruit compared with the control. Key Words: attractant, imidacloprid-treated sphere, blueberry maggot RESUMEN En experimentos comparando las esferas de plástico y de madera biodegradable y tratadas con imidacloprid para el control de Rhagoletis mendax Curran, el promedio del número de las moscas atrapadas sobre la superficie de “plexiglas” debajo cada clase de esfera no fué sig- nificativamente diferente para la estación completa. No obstante, el promedio del tiempo pa- sado por mosca de R. mendax encima de las esferas biogradables tratadas con imidacloprid fué significativamente mayor (2.6 veces) que en las esferas plasticas tratadas con imidaclo- prid. Durante 2001, fueron significativamente encontradas menos larvas sobre las moras (Vaccinium sp.) cosechadas de arbustos que tenian las esferas de madera tratadas con imi- dacloprid colgadas dentro del dosel comparados con arbustos donde pusieron esferas de plás- tico biodegradable y tratadas con imidacloprid. No habia una diferencia significativa entre el número de larvas encontradas en la frutas cortadas de los arbustos donde habian puestas las esferas de plástico biodegradable y tratadas con imidacloprid. Se encontraron que todos los tratamientos de las esferas tratadas con imidacloprid redujieron significativamente la in- festación de larvas en las frutas comparados con el control. The potential for using a lure and toxicant sys- Recently, Ayyappath et al. (2000) evaluated thi- tem to control fruit flies has been examined by sev- amethoxam at 2-4% AI in sugar/starch spheres and eral researchers. Hanotakis et al. (1991) combined found this insecticide to be significantly less effec- a food attractant, a phagostimulant, a male sex tive than spheres treated with 2% AI imidacloprid. pheromone, a female aggregation pheromone, a hy- Wright et al. (1999) determined that regardless of groscopic substance (glycerin), and two insecticides trap design and pesticide incorporation, several (deltamethrin and dichlorvos) with a trap to control conditions must exist for spheres to become a via- the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Duan ble alternative for control of Rhagoletis flies. and Prokopy (1995) and Hu et al. (2000) tested Spheres must be: 1) easy and safe to deploy, 2) as dimethoate, abamectin, phloxine B, diazinon, imi- effective as insecticide sprays, 3) able to endure dacloprid, azinphosmethyl, methomyl, tralom- throughout the growing season, and 4) maintain ethrin, malathion, fenvalerate, and carbaryl on fly-killing power with a very low dose of toxicant. wooden spheres and found that only dimethoate, A recent trap design is a biodegradable sphere malathion and imidacloprid were viable candidates consisting of water, gelatinized corn flour, corn for incorporation into spheres to suppress apple syrup, sugar, cayenne pepper, and sorbic acid maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), activity. (Liburd et al. 1999; Stelinski & Liburd 2001). The Dimethoate, malathion, and imidacloprid did not biodegradable sphere is coated with a mixture of reduce the time of visitation by R. pomonella flies 70% paint, 20% sucrose solution (wt:vol), 4% imi- on treated spheres in field cage studies. dacloprid (AI), and 6% water. Biodegradable Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Florida-Entomologist on 17 Jul 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Hamill et al.: Imidacloprid Spheres for Control of R. mendax 207 spheres were developed as alternatives to broad- diameter green biodegradable imidacloprid- spectrum insecticides for management of key treated spheres (treatment 1), ten 9-cm diameter Rhagoletis spp. in the northeastern United green plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres (treat- States. The benefits of using insecticide-treated ment 2), and a section of the block consisting of 30 spheres include the reduction of pesticide resi- bushes was left untreated (treatment 3, control). dues on crops as well as reduced environmental Spheres, approximately one per three bushes, and worker hazards. were hung about 15-cm from the uppermost bush, The purpose of this study was to compare biode- which is the most effective position (Liburd et al. gradable, plastic, and wooden imidacloprid-treated 2000), and baited with ammonium acetate (1 g in spheres to determine the most efficacious sphere 4 ml of water) in a 5 ml scintillation vial (National type for preventing blueberry maggot injury. All Diagnostics, Atlanta, GA). A 45 cm × 45 cm square previous trap designs, with the exception of the of plexiglas spray-coated with Tangletrap (The biodegradable sphere, had focused on using Tanglefoot Co., Grand Rapids, MI) was hung 30 wooden spheres brush painted with enamel paint cm beneath each of the imidacloprid-treated mixed with an insecticide. Using a plastic sphere, spheres and supported by four tie-wires (Liburd either dipping it into an insecticide/sugar solution et al. 1999). or coating it with a mixture of paint and insecticide During each sampling period, R. mendax flies presents a third alternative to previous designs. that landed on treated spheres were observed for 30 minutes; a total of 54 flies were observed. R. MATERIALS AND METHODS mendax flies captured on plexiglas panes were counted and removed twice weekly. In addition to Research plots were located in Rhode Island monitoring fly populations with Plexiglas panes, and Michigan. In Rhode Island plots were located R. mendax fly populations were also monitored at two locations during 2000, a 0.5 ha highbush twice weekly using 9-cm diameter unbaited green blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., planting of plastic spheres coated with Tangletrap.
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