September 2010

Here comes part L Are you ready for next month's changes?

lighting debate Radical measures for cutting carbon

housing case study Lessons from a post occupancy survey

Drain gain Expert analysis of public health engineering in our PHE Special Report

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p02_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 2 13/8/10 09:16:00 Contents September 2010 44 27

61

61 Comfort zone News 42 PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIAL The key to computer modelling: it is 8 News all in the human physiology. Top stories include: consequential 43 Introduction improvements ‘could have saved 44 Blue-roof thinking 67 Quest for airtight solution millions’; building regs may be Is blue the new green roof for hots up reviewed every two years. removing stormwater? Ventilation manufacturers need to change how they apply their systems 17 CIBSE News 49 Sealed solution in the wake of the new Part L. The CIBSE Building Performance Innovation in drainage has been a Awards 2011 – enter now; improve run away success for a university- Classified your knowledge online. manufacturer partnership. 70 Products 52 International rescue Opinion Services and products available in Why selling drainage codes the sector. 20 Letters internationally can have damaging Includes: CHP-fired district heating consequences. 73 Directory is not necessarily the solution; 54 After the deluge A guide to suppliers. young engineers do need hands-on How ever-changing regulations, experience of M&E. policy and environmental Learning standards are impacting design. 22 Opinion 75 CPD Quantity surveyors speak out over A guidThe implications of the Renewable the need to work more closely with 33 In the spotlight Heat Incentive. building services engineers. Shedding light on the Part L changes 24 Legal column set to affect the lighting sector from People & Jobs next month. How might the new revisions to the 80 Looking ahead Energy Performance of Buildings 36 Social success What’s new about Part L conference, Directive affect you? A post-occupancy evaluation shows and events and training in the sector. how energy use can be reduced – Features despite huge variations in occupants’ 83 Appointments behaviour. Find your next job here and online at 27 Roundtable debate jobs.cibsejournal.com Leading experts from the world 56 Lurking faults of lighting discuss the feasiblity of Don’t put your clients at risk – learn 86 People radically cutting their industry’s huge how to check complex electrical Paul Driscoll explains why he left carbon footprint. systems for potential faults. teaching to become an acoustician.

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 3

CIBSEsep10 pp03 contents.indd 3 20/8/10 12:44:52 Monodraught

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p04_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 4 13/8/10 09:16:47 Editorial

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Editorial Editor: Bob Cervi Tel: 01223 273520 From the Email: [email protected] Reporter: Carina Bailey Tel: 01223 273521 Email: [email protected] Senior designer: David Houghton

Advertisement Sales editor Sales manager: Jim Folley Tel: 020 7324 2786 Email: [email protected] Sales consultant: Mark Palmer Tel: 020 7324 2785 Autumn’s winds of change Email: [email protected] Sales executive: Darren Hale Tel: 0207 880 6206 he alarm bells which sounded last month and the following article on the impact of Part L Email: [email protected] Recruitment sales manager: over the latest changes to the Building 2010 on that industry (page 27 onwards). Our John Seaman Tel: 020 7880 8541 Regulations have, thankfully, been article on ventilation and mechnical services Email: [email protected] quietly laid to rest. Fears of the demise (page 67) also offers food for thought. Advertising production: Jane Easterman Tel: 020 7880 6248 T When it comes to further changes to the of the 1st October implementation date for Email: [email protected] Part L 2010 were somewhat exaggerated, it regulations, the bad news – or the good news, For CIBSE seems (with apologies to Mark Twain). depending on how you look at it – is that we Publishing co-ordinator: Nicola Hurley Tel: 020 8772 3697 More good news has arrived this month could well see the next tranche of revisions to the Email: [email protected] in the form of a reprieve for all 152 building Building Regulations occurring in just two years’ Editorial advisory panel and refurbishment projects whose future time, instead of the expected three (see page 8). Laurence Aston, Director, Buro Happold David Clark, Partner, Max Fordham was uncertain after the coalition government Whether this bringing forward of the changes is Consulting Engineers announced the immediate scrapping of the an attempt to speed up progress on meeting the Patrick Conaghan, Partner, Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers Building Schools for the national carbon-reduction David Hughes, Building Services Consultant, MTT Consulting Future programme (see targets is unclear. And Philip King, Director, Hilson Moran our news pages). And It remains how the move sits with the Chani Leahong, Senior Associate, Fulcrum Consulting fears over future further Conservatives’ pre-election Alan Tulla, President, The Society of Light to be seen and Lighting government funding for pledge to ‘streamline’ the Professor John Swaffield, CIBSE Past the Zero Carbon Hub, whether consultation Building Regulations also President Ged Tyrrell, Managing Director, the advisory body that is is a guise for slashing needs clarifying. Tyrrell Systems doing important work What we are clearly seeing, Ant Wilson, Director, AECOM ‘red tape’ Morwenna Wilson, Graduate Engineer, Arup on meeting low carbon though, is the welcome Terry Wyatt, Consultant to Hoare Lea targets, have been allayed in the fulfilment of another Tory Christopher Pountney, Graduate Engineer, AECOM with the announcement regulations pre-election promise to CIBSE Journal is written and produced by Cambridge of a fresh cash injection. consult with the industry on Publishers Ltd. Tel: 01223 477411. www.cpl.biz 275 Newmarket Road, Cambridge CB5 8JE. Autumn hasn’t arrived a wide range of issues around Editorial copy deadline: First day of the month preceding the publication month yet but it seems as if ministers are desperate to be the regulations. It remains to be seen, however, The opinions expressed in editorial material do not necessarily represent the views of the Chartered Institution handing out early Christmas presents. However, whether the industry’s views will be properly of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). Unless specifically stated, goods or services mentioned in editorial or the unveiling of the Comprehensive Spending considered, or whether the ultimate immovable advertisements are not formally endorsed by CIBSE, which does not guarantee or endorse or accept any liability for any goods and/or services featured in this publication. Review next month will no doubt dash any hopes aim of ministers is to slash regulatory ‘red tape’ CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS Tel: 020 8675 5211. www.cibse.org of a reprieve on deep cuts to public spending – under the guise of an open invitation for building ©CIBSE Services Ltd. ISSN 1759-846X leaving industry to face the very real prospect of professionals to state what they believe should be Subscription Enquiries If you are not a CIBSE member but would like to receive a ‘double-dip’ recession. done to improve the regulations. CIBSE Journal, subscribe now! Costs are £80 (UK) and £100 (international). For subscription enquiries, and any But with the ‘arrival’ of Part L 2010 next Whatever the government’s motivation – and change of address information, please contact: Nicola Hurley at [email protected] or telephone 020 8772 3697.Individual copies are also available at a cost month, building services professionals will the industry must fully respond to the exercise of £7 per copy plus postage. have plenty to take their minds off the economic – it does seem that the face of the Building Cover: Photo courtesy of British Land gloom. Throughout this issue of the Journal you Regulations could end up looking very different will find plenty to guide you on the impact of the by the time of the next general election. latest changes to the regulations, including, for example, revisions to Part F. As well as our news Bob Cervi, Editor ABC audited circulation: 19,728 January to December 2009 pages, see also our roundtable debate on lighting [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 5

CIBSEsep10 pp05 editorial.indd 5 19/8/10 17:58:30 “ I HAVE ENOUGH ON MY PLATE WITHOUT HAVING TO CONSIDER WHETHER WE’VE CHOSEN THE RIGHT SUBCONTRACTORS”

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6 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p046-07_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 6 13/8/10 09:18:00 To find an ECA contractor that’s right for you: www.eca.co.uk www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 7

p046-07_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 7 13/8/10 09:18:12 News

Consequential improvements ‘could have saved millions’ Introducing ‘consequential ‘The scandal behind this perversity n improvements’ to Part L has finally come to light over a year

2010 of the Building Regulations Shutterstock on, but only thanks to the refusal could have resulted in £705m of by the Freedom of Information savings, according to a campaign Commissioner to put up with a group. litany of obfuscation.’ Consequential improvements, A government spokesman which would have seen refused to be drawn on the matter, homeowners forced to make but did say that the communities energy efficient improvements and energy departments are to their homes when carrying out now working together to develop large renovations, was expected the Green Deal which will allow to be consulted on in June last householders to invest in home year, but did not appear in the energy efficiency improvements consultation document. at no upfront cost. The money The Labour government Increasing energy efficiency ‘should be compulsory in major home renovations’ spent carrying out the works will suggested it did not want to burden be recouped through savings on households with these extra costs 2010 would have resulted in: improvements were removed from energy bills. in an economic recession. • £201m in savings to households the economic impact assessment The spokesman added: ‘The The Association for the (energy savings minus the costs that was released with the June Green Deal will be consumer-led, Conservation of Energy (ACE), of renovation works); 2009 consultation. with householders choosing the which represents building • £142m in reduced carbon Consequential improvements right solutions for them, based on services companies, says emissions; and were seen as giving the greatest advice on the available options. It information it has received • £363m from avoiding investment proportional saving to each is in this context that the case under a Freedom of Information in renewables. household, with energy savings for additional measures, like request shows that introducing The ACE says the financial 2.3 times greater than any costs, consequential improvements, will consequential improvements savings and carbon benefits according to the ACE. be considered.’ into existing domestic buildings in of enforcing consequential Andrew Warren, its director, said: www.ukace.org Building regs may be reviewed every two years Part L of the Building Regulations made at an evening reception for ‘improved, added to or slimmed changes to Parts F, J and L of the could be reviewed every two years the Energy Efficiency Partnership down, and suggestions as to how Building Regulations are scheduled under proposals set out by the UK for Homes. Stunell has also written we can deliver even better levels of to come into operation on 1 government. to industry asking for its opinion on compliance in the future’. October as previously announced. Building Regulations Minister a wide range of issues affecting all The closing date for input was The regulations had to pass Andrew Stunell is looking into the Building Regulations. the end of August. through the Reducing Regulation move, which may affect the next CIBSE and BSRIA, the research n Fears that the 2010 changes Cabinet sub-Committee, which was round of revisions expected in 2013, body, were among the recipients, could face a six-month delay tasked with reviewing all legislation bringing them forward by a year who were asked to air their views have now been allayed after the introduced from 1 January 2010. It to 2012. The announcement was on how the regulations can be government confirmed that the has now approved the changes.

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8 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp08-09 news.indd 8 19/8/10 18:16:13 News

Minister pledges to adopt News in Brief New housing benchmark renewable heat incentive ... The London Development Agency (LDA) has published The UK government a new benchmark for housing n has committed itself to design. All housing built on LDA implementing some form of Shutterstock land is expected to meet these Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) as standards, and will be applied to part of its long-term energy strategy. schemes qualifying for funding The commitment forms part from the London Homes and of the government’s first Annual Communities Agency from April Energy Statement, set out to 2011. www.lda.gov.uk parliament by Energy and Climate Change Secretary Chris Huhne. £5.7bn of BSF contracts lost Listed as action number 13 of 32 The government’s first annual energy statement has confirmed plans for the RHI A survey of 26 councils by in the document, the pledge states: Reuters has revealed that builders ‘We will set out detailed proposals Bank; increasing the scope and a good stimulus, encouraging have lost out on £5.7bn-worth for taking forward the government’s target for producing energy via industry to adopt renewable energy, of construction work because commitment to renewable heat renewables; and increasing energy but we would argue that RHI is the £55bn Building Schools for through the spending review [in from waste projects. more important as an instrument the Future programme has been October].’ Alongside the energy statement, for change.’ scrapped. www.uk.reuters.com The government says the the government also published n The government has also move is designed to accelerate its 2050 Pathways Analysis report, proposed phased support for High street giants advice the transformation of the energy which considers some of the developers of offshore wind farms. Marks & Spencer, Tesco and network to a low carbon system. choices and trade-offs that the The Department for Energy and HSBC have all been asked to Ministers have also decided country will have to make over the Climate Change suggested that, for advise government on how to to keep the Carbon Reduction next 40 years to achieve an 80% large projects, developers should save energy money across all its Commitment Energy Efficiency reduction in greenhouse gases. be allowed to register groups of departments. They will sit on a Scheme (CRC), but will look to Peregrine Fraser, director turbines over a period of up to five cross-government committee simplify it. at carbon reduction company, years, to take account of the long looking at how Whitehall’s energy Other pledges include publishing Sustain, welcomed the report, construction periods involved. use can be reduced by 10% proposals for the Green Investment adding: ‘The feed-in tariff has been www.communities.gov.uk in a year.

Jobs in sector rise The construction sector saw ... as industry warns over delay the biggest rise in jobs in July, The government’s refusal to government runs the very real risk for Energy and Climate Change to according to the Recruitment release detailed information on its that a recently built industry will make progress on microgeneration and Employment Confederation planned commitment to renewable simply fall apart, and be impossible policy are constantly being thwarted and KPMG. Overall demand for heat before October risks the to rebuild quickly enough to meet by the Treasury and by the machine staff rose at a slower pace, with microgeneration industry falling the country’s climate change and taking over from ministers in policy the rate of expansion easing apart, a sector council fears. renewable energy targets’. making at DEFRA and CLG. This to an eight-month low. KPMG The Micropower Council states Dave Sowden, chief executive of is distorting the market, costing described the result as an in its latest report that jobs are the Micropower Council, said: ‘The jobs, spooking entrepreneurs, and indication of a sustained recovery. disappearing, investors face a valiant attempts of Chris Huhne causing investors to flee.’ www.rec.uk.com confidence crisis and that ‘the and Greg Barker at the Department www.micropower.co.uk i0522-12 CIBSE AD AW:CIBSE Magazine 190x66 16/6/10 14:29 Page 1

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CIBSEsep10 pp08-09 news.indd 9 19/8/10 18:16:27 News

SAP tool ‘needs more investment to deliver’

An advisory body on zero carbon homes forward – integrating new technologies; n zero carbon homes has within three months provided • An urgent assessment of recommended that SAP be overheating issues are addressed overheating issues to produce a used as the compliance tool immediately; secondly, to integrate simplified overheating test; for zero carbon homes – if a the requirements into the 2013 • A means of reflecting the simplified overheating test can Building Regulations; and thirdly, progressive decarbonisation of be developed immediately. to fully implement the changes the electricity grid; and The Zero Carbon Hub has in the 2016 regulations. The • Scrapping a building’s produced 27 recommendations report added that a version of performance relative to a design and actual performance of in a study of current compliance the compliance tool needs to be notional building; a building’s what is built on site. tools, assumptions and related available by the summer of 2011. target emissions should be Carbon Compliance for Tomorrow’s regulations in an attempt to create The developments required dependent on its absolute New Homes can be downloaded at: a definitive guide to building zero within SAP include: carbon performance. www.zerocarbonhub.org carbon homes, which will become • A better way of reflecting the The hub also recommended CIBSE was part of the taskforce compulsory from 2016. energy used for water heating and action to close the gap between that prepared the report. However, for SAP to work effectively, more investment is required to develop it, the Some of the Zero Carbon Hub’s 27 recommendations: report says. • An improved SAP to continue to should be developed and • The compliance tool should Achieving zero carbon homes be used as the carbon compliance implemented on a sample basis model, more closely than SAP ‘requires the wider house building tool for new homes; as part of accreditation; currently does, the factors industry to change at a pace and • An absolute limit set for predicted • As a matter of some urgency, affecting hot water demand, scale never previously undertaken’, carbon emissions per square research should be undertaken to including system losses; it says. metre of floor space in new compare the carbon and energy • The carbon compliance tool ‘Provided work progresses dwellings; performance of a national sample should incorporate appropriate at a pace on all of the • Emission factors should of newly completed dwellings tests for air quality and recommendations, delivery include upstream emissions with their design performance. daylighting; and appears possible but very tight.’ and carbon equivalents for other The findings should be widely • Need for a structured continuing To this end, the report greenhouse gases; published and mechanisms put in programme of monitoring, recommends three steps: firstly, • Whole house post-construction place to gather performance data starting immediately, to test and the government should announce fabric and services audit tests on a continuing routing basis; refine the compliance tool. its intent to take the issue of New ‘energy fund’ to help achieve carbon target Councils and developers are to be windows. The standard would be given more flexibility to help homes based on amendments outlined in a meet the zero carbon standard by recent consultation on the Code for 2016, according to UK ministers. Sustainable Homes. Housing Minister Grant Shapps ‘I will need to be realistic and is looking to establish a ‘community take account of costs,’ said Shapps. energy fund’ to allow developers ‘The government recognises the to make payments to councils challenges posed by the 70% level to support local energy projects, previously proposed and the case for such as district heating schemes this needs to be re-examined. and wind farms. This would help ‘Therefore, I am commissioning developers build new homes that more work from the Zero-Carbon emit fewer emissions. Hub to test what would be an It should also help them to meet appropriate level. I have asked the the allowable solutions part of the hub to report back on this as early as zero carbon definition. New homes they can.’ will be required to be built to zero Councils and developers are to be given ‘more flexibility’ on local energy projects Ministers also quashed rumours carbon standards from 2016. that the Hub would have its grant If developers are allowed to take standards, or set up their own revisions of Part L of the Building cut by announcing £600,000 of part in a community energy fund, off-site low-energy/renewables Regulations to make homes funding for the body to continue it would mean they no longer have schemes. warmer and more air tight. These its work this year. Government is to install expensive renewable Shapps said he also intends standards would improve the fabric working on what the full definition of technologies on site, as they do to set minimum standards for of buildings, such as wall and loft zero carbon will be with the hub. currently to meet low-energy energy efficiency measures in future insulation and high-specification www.communities.gov.uk

10 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp10 news.indd 10 19/8/10 17:59:03 13 A

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p11_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 11 13/8/10 09:32:40 News

News in brief BREEAM urged to publish English contractors win big Companies in the construction industry in England have been building performance data awarded the lion’s share of contracts for the London 2012 incorporation and the setting of Olympic Games, a parliamentary minimum standards. question has revealed. England One area that demands more won £5bn worth of contracts, but attention, said the UKGBC, is the only £22m worth were awarded responsible sourcing of materials to Scottish companies, while and their embodied carbon. Northern Ireland won £17m and Greater transparency of the data Wales just £573,000. Companies and lifecycle models behind the outside the UK were awarded Green Guide and the Environmental £12m. Profiles Methodology would be www.london-2012.co.uk/ODA hugely beneficial in this area, it said. BREEAM should also clearly set Wales sets CO2 target out future strategies and direction Wales is using its devolved so that industry is prepared for powers to introduce its own future changes, including how these Building Regulations to will relate to government policies cut carbon emissions from UKGBC members would welcome the sharing of performance data from BREEAM and regulations. buildings by 55% compared The report also recommends that with 2006 levels. The Assembly BREEAM should publish covering a range of businesses and a specific retrofitting scheme should Government expects to consult n the performance data it organisations, stressed that the be introduced. on detailed proposals during gathers to help the sector meet sharing of performance data from Martin Townsend, director 2012 for implementation in 2013. its emissions reduction targets, BREEAM-rated buildings would be of BREEAM at BRE, said: ‘The www.wales.gov.uk according to a new report. hugely beneficial for the industry. UKGBC workshop [that gave rise The UK Green Building Council This, alongside integrating to the report] was an important Retrofit for Welsh homes (UKGBC), the independent advisory operational performance into opportunity for me and the team Six terraced homes in Wales body, consulted its members building certification, would to hear first-hand the changes could see their carbon emissions about how the UK environmental help deal with discrepancies we need to make on a wide range and heating bills halved as part assessment method could be between design-stage energy use of issues and importantly the of a new retrofitting project. improved, in light of the planned calculations and actual energy use pace stakeholders want to see The Wales Eco Terrace Project updating of BREEAM next year. in occupation. these happen.’ has installed triple-glazing, According to the UKGBC, it was It was also felt that BRE Global BRE Global said it would respond insulation, roof-mounted solar generally felt that the 2011 update should review the BREEAM to the report’s findings in due thermal collectors and A-rated was necessary. But members, guidance to consider new areas for course. www.ukgbc.org condensing boilers to achieve BREEAM EcoHomes Excellent standard. When occupied, the homes’ performance will be Homes in London ‘kick-started’ monitored. Sixteen housing schemes in Seven of the projects were former being saved from the HCA’s London London that were at risk because ‘Kick-start’ schemes and nine are budget for the local authority NHS procurement scheme of a lack of funding are to share local authority new builds. new-build projects. A number of Six companies have been chosen more than £50m. In total, £51.7m is being provided other former London Kick-start to carry out construction and The Homes and Communities to support these projects from the schemes remain subject to further refurbishment works at NHS Agency (HCA) has provided London region budget. consideration. hospitals, under the new Procure the cash to the 16 housing and The funding follows a lengthy To view the full list of 21+ framework. The six are: regeneration schemes to build review of the projects to cut costs, resurrected schemes, visit www. Balfour Beatty Group; Healthcare more than 500 new homes. which resulted in more than £3.6m homesandcommunities.co.uk Partnership Solutions; Integrated Health Projects; Interserve Project Services; Willmott Dixon Holdings; and Kier Regional. Cuts risk UK missing carbon targets The UK risks missing its own legally technologies currently receive, it in specific areas, such as marine Product recall by Mitsubishi binding carbon targets if funding would increase the risk of missing technologies and low carbon Mitsubishi Electric UK has issued for low carbon technologies is not carbon budgets. The budgets were innovation more generally, over the a product safety recall after a protected, an advisory body to set to ensure the UK ultimately next decade. power receiver component in government has warned. meets its 80% carbon reduction by If government fails to do this, the one W85 (medium-sized) unit The Committee on Climate 2050. It also fears that the UK would CCC warns that a range of essential failed under pressure, seriously Change’s (CCC) latest report, lose out on critical opportunities to low carbon technologies are likely damaging the outdoor unit. Building a low-carbon economy – the build a green economy. to get stuck in a so-called ‘valley www.mitsubishielectric.co.uk/ UK’s innovation challenge, concludes And, once financial pressures of death’ where development is response-team that if there is any reduction in have eased, the CCC recommends curtailed, and they fail to make it to the £550m per year low carbon that funding should be increased market. www.theccc.org.uk

12 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp12-13 news.indd 12 19/8/10 17:59:24 News

Councils get cash Bodies seek reassurance pledge for homes ??? Councils that build more homes over planning reforms will receive a cash bonus from government to increase house Fears that planning reforms very careful not to miss the bigger building. ■ could create barriers to picture as the localism agenda The New Homes Bonus, house building have led to nearly 30 gathers pace.’ to be introduced as part of the organisations requesting a meeting Reports suggest that local Comprehensive Spending Review with government. authorities are already scaling in October, will mean more Since the coalition came to down plans to build thousands of homes will be built where they are power in May it has announced a homes in the wake of the abolition needed, said Housing Minister string of policy changes, including of RSSs, with Ashford Borough Grant Shapps. The building of new a clampdown on building in back Council announcing it intends to homes is at the lowest peacetime gardens and abolishing Regional scrap between 10% and 20% of its level for 80 years. Spatial Strategies (RSSs). original 31,000 homes planned Local authorities are being Now 29 organisations have by 2031. encouraged to give planning written to Eric Pickles, Communities ■ A CBI report looking at consent now to receive the bonus, and Local Government Secretary, Britain’s energy future stresses which can be used on any priorities through the Royal Town Planning that government needs to instil they choose. Institute (RTPI), requesting an business with confi dence in the Shapps said: ‘We will not tell urgent meeting to discuss the revised planning system. It says communities how or where they reforms at regional level. Among the that, within the next six months the should grow. But the new Homes bodies supporting the move is the Ann Skippers: ministers must not fail to Decentralisation and Localism Bill Bonus will ensure that those Royal Institute of British Architects, see the ‘bigger picture’ on planning must deliver a coherent structure communities that go for growth the UK Green Building Council for major energy infrastructure reap the benefi ts of development, and the Institution of Structural bodies would also like to have some planning. not just the costs.’ Engineers. input into the draft Decentralisation It has found signifi cant A consultation paper on the fi nal The letter highlights fears that and Localism Bill. uncertainty still over the investment scheme will be published following barriers to ‘much-needed’ housing Ann Skippers, president of the frameworks for a number of fuels the spending review. could be created by the plans. The RTPI, said: ‘Ministers need to be and renewables. www.cbi.org.uk   

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CIBSEsep10 pp12-13 news.indd 13 20/8/10 12:44:06 News

News in brief 1920s home recreated Atkins buys US company Engineering group Atkins has acquired the PBSJ Corporation for efficiency research in a $280m (£178m) deal. A replica 1920s traditional- PBSJ is an American provider n style terrace property is being of engineering, planning, constructed at Salford University architecture, construction, to test the energy efficiency of old environmental and programme housing stock. management services. The Energy House will be PBSJ is an employee-owned constructed within a sealed three- firm headquartered in Florida storey testing chamber using a host that employs about 3,500 of reclaimed building materials people. Atkins expects the and more than 20,000 bricks acquisition to give the multi- from recently demolished terraced disciplinary consultancy even homes to make it as authentic as more international presence and possible. improve its technical skills. A laboratory is being built www.atkinsglobal.com next to the house to control and monitor the effects of a range of Sector output grows but external climatic conditions within demand for property dips the testing chamber, including Figures released by the Office rain, snow, winds and up to 80% for National Statistics showed humidity. Researchers says they will that construction output grew be able to accurately monitor heat by 6.6% in the second quarter loss, domestic energy usage and Salford University hopes to reveal more about heat loss in old terraced properties of 2010. In a year-on-year carbon emissions. comparison, output was up To accurately recreate the effect House represents a landmark Moreover, it says, about 70% 5.8% on the same period of of an adjoining terrace property, development in the ongoing pursuit of the UK’s existing residential 2009. However, the RICS UK main contractor ISG is building one to minimise energy consumption property will still be inhabited in Commercial Market Survey and a half houses within the sealed and reduce the environmental 2050, including around two million for the second quarter of chamber. impact of properties within the UK.’ two-up, two-down dwellings similar 2010 showed that demand The university hopes that working Britain’s least efficient to that being constructed at Salford. for commercial property has closely with research body BRE and properties are predominantly those The house should be fully dropped for the first time in 12 other partners will help it establish constructed prior to 1920, according operational by the end of January months. Demand slipped after a an official standard for sustainable to the university. These make up 2011, when the first tranche of data positive first quarter – particularly retrofitting. 15% of homes in England but will be presented at a retrofitting in London – and in the latest Jim Parker, regional managing account for 23% of total notional and sustainability conference at findings from online estate agent, director of ISG, said: ‘The Energy CO2 emissions. the university. Rightmove, house prices fell for the first time this year, down by 0.6% (£1,435). www.rics.org; AECOM’s US arm www.rightmove.co.uk acquires rival firm PFI projects need scrutiny, says spending watchdog Davis Langdon Projects backed by the Private The American arm of consulting Finance Initiative (PFI) could engineer AECOM has acquired rival find it tougher to get funding firm Davis Langdon in a deal valued after a spending watchdog called at $324m (£206m). for more scrutiny of schemes. Davis Langdon will continue to A report by National Audit operate under its own name for Office (NAO) found that, while some time, but it will eventually the costs for projects in 2009 officially become a global buisness represented value for money, they within the AECOM structure. At the committed the public purse to time of buying, Davis Langdon had between £500m to £1bn in extra 2,800 employees. The transaction costs over the next 30 years. The ‘Very Good’ verdict for new schools is expected to close in October. NAO recommends a thorough A £100m cluster of new schools in Sunderland, UK, has opened. The three The move will see Langdon’s project-by-project review of future projects – Washington School, Castle View Enterprise Academy and Asia counterpart, Davis Langdon PFI schemes ‘to apply more St Roberts Academy (pictured) – all achieved BREEAM Very Good ratings. & Seah, remain independent, exacting and narrower criteria Washington was also awarded a Green Apple Award for Environmental Best but it will continue to work than applied to projects at the Practice, reflecting its sustainability features, including solar power, biomass with AECOM’s Davis Langdon height of the crisis’. heating, and what is believed to be the largest green roof on an English operations under an existing www.nao.org.uk school. AECOM and Balfour Beatty Construction worked on the projects. collaboration agreement. www.aecom.com

14 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp14-15 news.indd 14 19/8/10 18:00:03 News

Reports of English Green light for 152 school Heritage/CABE merger ‘inaccurate’ The government is ‘unlikely’ to projects that were in doubt merge English Heritage with the Commission for Architecture and All 152 projects whose future the Built Environment (CABE), ■ was in doubt after the closure although it is examining CABE’s of the Building Schools for the future role. Future (BSF) programme have been The Department for Culture David Barbons/BDP David given a lifeline. Media and Sport (DCMS) told Last month the projects were the Journal that it was currently left in limbo after the government reviewing the roles of 50 ‘arm’s cancelled 735 BSF projects and length bodies’ in an effort to reduce said another 151 (now revised to costs as part of the government’s 152) would need to be reviewed austerity drive, and has been before their future could be decided. looking at the possibility of merging Ministers have now announced that both organisations. all 152 will go ahead. The Leigh Academy in Dartford, Kent. More new schools will be built, say ministers But the department said it is Of the 152 projects, 119 are ‘unlikely’ to bring the two quangos academies – all-ability, state-funded government’s Comprehensive bureaucracy so every new school is under one roof. schools established and managed Spending Review to be announced built in as cost-effective and effi cient A spokesman said that reports by sponsors to raise attainment for in October. a way as possible.’ suggesting the merger was likely the most disadvantaged, according A further 33 schools among A spokesperson for the were ‘inaccurate’, adding: ‘We want to the government’s defi nition. the reprieved 152 projects are Department of Education said that, to take more time over the summer Forty-four of the 119 academies ‘pilot’ BSF projects where wider in the run-up to the spending review to look not just across DCMS are at the most advanced stage building programmes were never ‘we will be working with these but across government to see of planning and will receive their actually started. schools to ensure they can proceed where any of CABE’s functions are capital now. Education Secretary Gove added: ‘We will work most cost-effectively and quickly in mirrored and duplicated and how Michael Gove said capital with councils, sponsors and the the future’. Government is working organisations could be streamlined allocations for the remaining 75 construction industry to ensure with companies in the construction and refocused to deliver better value academies will be decided in the we bear down on costs and industry to reduce costs. for money.’

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CIBSEsep10 pp14-15 news.indd 15 20/8/10 12:45:36 Lockzone Base – for vortex air distribution and a comfortable indoor climate

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16 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p16_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 16 13/8/10 09:33:48 CIBSE News news Tel: 020 8675 5211 Fax: 020 8675 5449 Email: [email protected] President: Rob Manning BSc (Hons) ENg FCIBSE Chief executive and secretary: Stephen Matthews The CIBSE Building Performance Awards 2011 – enter now! • Energy-using Product Award; • Passive (energy related) Product Award; • Contractor of the Year Award; • Commissioning Project of the Year Award; • Low Carbon Consultant of the Year Award; • New Build Project Award; • Refurbishment Project Award; • Building Operation Award; • Client of the Year Award – Large; • Client of the Year Award – Medium/Small; • Integrated Project Team Award; and • Carbon Champion of the Year. The winners will be announced on 9 February 2011, at London’s Grosvenor House Hotel, with an evening celebrating the Winners of the 2010 awards show off their plaques advancements and achievements of the industry. The CIBSE Low Carbon and skills of the people The categories are: For more information on n Performance awards have involved, to the products, the • Training for Building entry forms and criteria, visit: been reviewed, revised and commissioning, and, finally, Performance Award; www.cibseawards.org. The repositioned, and in 2011, CIBSE those operating • Building Services Consultancy closing date for entries to be will be hosting the Building the building. of the Year Award; received is 8 October 2010. Performance Awards. Once again, the awards will reward excellence in the development and management Coalition seeks industry views of low carbon buildings, but they will also take into consideration Almost a dozen government evidence on compliance with consultations area of the CIBSE a variety of other factors consultations are currently Building Regulations was issued on website. We now have a dedicated that have an impact on the underway – and the technical team 3 August, but requested responses page for each consultation, which performance of a building. at CIBSE HQ will be co-ordinating by 31 August. gives a brief summary of the The awards will recognise the responses to them all. The consultation on scope, and links to the relevant buildings that are operating at The building-related microgeneration is running documents. It will also have a link the highest standard – rewarding consultations range from to a slightly longer timetable, to the draft CIBSE response as that actual performance and not just microgeneration through to although some initial scoping develops, with a mechanism for potential – and will demonstrate OFGEM, smart meters, skills workshops have already been members to comment on the draft. the value building services for sustainable growth and held. This consultation is looking To see the latest information, go engineers, consultancies and Building Regulations. at quality, training, certification, to www.cibse.org/consultations other professionals have on The technical team will be skills and availability of advice We are keen to involve CIBSE the development and operations seeking input from the relevant and information. CIBSE is already members in the development on buildings. special interest groups and involved in the initial studies, and of our responses to these The 14 awards categories have committees. Some of these will be seeking contributions from consultations. We will be seeking been designed to incorporate exercises are running to very groups with an interest in this input from the various groups, each stage in the development tight timescales. For example, topic. societies and committees, but of a building and recognise the letter from the Department To enable us to manage the there will be many others who can those who play a part at each of Communities and Local CIBSE response to these various contribute views and evidence to stage, from the initial training Government seeking input and consultations, we have revised the support our case.

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 17

CIBSEsep10 pp17-18 CIBSE News.indd 17 19/8/10 17:22:06 CIBSE News

2010 Annual CIBSE Certification satisfaction survey Lecture For the second year running CIBSE the fact that you are members of has conducted a certification a high quality scheme, with 98

The 2010 CIBSE Annual Lecture satisfaction survey, directed respondents believing this to be of Shutterstock will take place on 23 November at CIBSE Low Carbon Energy the highest value. with a presentation by Professor Assessors (LCEAs), Low Carbon When asked what CIBSE Mike Hume. Prof Hume is Consultants (LCCS) and those certification does well, 22% Professor of Climate Change at undertaking air conditioning believed that CIBSE provides the the University of East Anglia and certificates. Once again, more highest quality brand and 20% his work explores the idea of than 200 people completed the were most satisfied with the climate change using historical, survey, and, as before, results training and CPD opportunities cultural and scientific analyses, were very positive. that are offered. and ways in which it is deployed The credibility of CIBSE When it comes to value for in public and political discourse. certification behind the brand money, 43% of LCEAs told us that The free lecture will take was rated most highly by LCEA, the CIBSE scheme is competitive place at the Wellcome Collection LCC and AC inspectors – 113 when compared with others in Conference Centre, 183 Euston respondents rated this to be of the industry. On air conditioning Road, London NW1 2BE. highest value. Not far behind was inspection, this figure rose to 59%. Booking is essential. To book, contact Veron Williams on [email protected] or call 020 8772 3612. Improve your knowledge online

CIBSE will soon be launching information in one place to help saving features such as page- Key titles updated n an online interface for all its you with your day-to-day job. to-page linking with the same publications and guides. All users of the Knowledge publication, as well as across more Look out for the following updated This new service, called the CIBSE Portal will be able to buy electronic than 90 others, and will be given publications due out in September: Knowledge Portal, promises to publications instantly through a access to all new CIBSE material as • Commissioning Code W: Water provide quick and easy access pay-as-you go system, but CIBSE soon as it is published. distribution systems – revised to to all CIBSE, and other relevant, members and companies will This new online resource is an ensure the most recent knowledge information. also be offered the opportunity to essential step for CIBSE to allow and experience for practicing There will be advanced search subscribe to full access. frequent updates to technical engineers; and facilities , with search results Subscribing to the system will information and guidance to be • Guide D: Transportation systems showing relevant CIBSE guides give access to the full content of the accessed with greater ease. in buildings – for fully updated and publications, and links to the portal, and therefore the ability to If you are interested in guidance on lifts, escalators and relevant British Standard and to view and search across all CIBSE participating and can spare the moving walkways. commercial resources, such as a content, online. Subscription users time, contact Anastasia Mylona at Visit www.cibse.org/bookshop product directory – providing all the will benefit from innovative, time [email protected] for more information and to order. Seeking Training and development North West region awards your views Submissions CPD Directory update Good news! Trainees no longer To be added to the Directory of Preston-based consultancy Pettit For the second year running, we need to submit their interim annual CPD Course Providers, contact Singleton Associates was named will be emailing a short survey to reports to CIBSE, but can do so on Rosemary Perks on 020 8772 3639 North West Consultant of the all our members. a voluntary basis, if guidance from or at [email protected]. Year at the recent CIBSE North We want to hear your views the T&D Panel is required. Trainees We also accept applications for West region’s annual dinner on CIBSE: what you are happy will still need to submit their annual online courses and we will welcome and awards. with, and not so happy with; reports to their supervisors for more e-learning applications. A The company, which what’s working well, or not so review on an annual basis. concessionary rate is available for specialises in providing building well. If the company scheme is new, entries of the following categories: services design, has worked The survey will be sent to you trainees will need to submit their • Academic institutions; on new football stands, health in early September so look out year 1 reports to CIBSE for review by • Not-for-profit organisations centres and colleges. for it – and tell us what you think. the T&D Panel. All trainees need to offering free or non-profit courses; Other winners on the The results will help feed submit their T&D Plan Registration • Sole traders who are members night were: into the development of CIBSE forms to CIBSE to register their of CIBSE and offering free or Contractor of the Year 2009 – EIC membership in the future. If you training. non-profit training courses; and Student of the Year (Stockport don’t have an email address, Any queries, including • Sole traders who are members College) 2009 – Nicholas but would like to complete the employers’ enquiries and of CIBSE and whose training Thomas survey, contact Nadia Gatter on applications for approved company business is less than 5% of their Student of the Year (Manchester 020 8772 3680. training schemes, should be turnover. University) 2009 – Daniel Coles A summary of the results will addressed to Olwen Williams, For more information on training Student of the Year (University appear in the November edition training and development and development, visit the IPD CPD of Central Lancashire) 2009 – of CIBSE Journal. administrator, on 020 8772 3605 section of the CIBSE website at Greg Osborne. or at [email protected] www.cibse.org

18 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp17-18 CIBSE News.indd 18 19/8/10 17:22:52 LIFE SUPPORT for energy efficient and sustainable homes

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 19

p19_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 19 13/8/10 09:34:38 Letters

CHP-fired district heating is not should have a minimum level of hands-on must surely be time to accept that a single necessarily the solution experience in this area during their academic voice for engineering will not happen now. I refer to your August issue article (page or initial training periods. It would also help I strongly believe that the way forward 38) on CHP and heat pumps, in which the if professional bodies globally required M&E for the profession is through a perestroika- author shows by use of a Sankey diagram design engineers to undertake continuous style decentralization of the 36 professional that (provided you ignore district heating professional development. engineering institutions currently pumping and heat losses) a combined heat Dr M Ramaswamy CEng MCIBSE administered by the Engineering Council, and power (CHP) system with district heating Muscat, Oman together with licensing reform and the and heat pumps can be almost as statutory regulation and recognition efficient as a conventional power of engineers. station and heat pumps. Eur Ing Ian Brown MSc CEng CDir It is refreshing to see some analysis that compares CHP on a ‘same-fuel’ Time to manage your waste basis. However, I would come to a In these days of austerity measures different conclusion to the author. If and concerns about a ‘double the CHP-fired district heating system dip’ recession, environmental only manages to equal the efficiency responsibility seems to have of a conventional centralised power dropped off the political agenda system, then what is the incentive somewhat and out of our collective to incur the cost (and disruption) of consciousness. Si t e Wa s t e installing the district heating, coupled Management Plans Regulations have with the increase in pollutants from been put in force to help address the the decentralised power station located issue of the amount of wasted site in a dense urban environment? materials being sent to landfill, and Proponents of district heating need yet the problem continues. to design their systems to be ultra-low Instead of over-ordering on a carbon if we are going to meet the UK just-in-case or guesstimate basis, target of an 80% carbon reduction by contractors should be looking to 2050. District heating based on fossil their suppliers to help them order fuel-powered CHP is clearly not the only the amount of materials solution. needed. Suppliers can help with James Thonger PhD BSc CEng this not only by offering technical MIMechE support to help with specification and quantities but also by ensuring Young engineers do that their supply chain can provide a need hands-on fast turnaround on orders, removing experiences of M&E A single engineering voice? Not the need for anxiety about under-ordering. John Rose’s comment in the July issue of in the current climate Managing waste effectively saves time, the Journal (Letters, page 22) that young Andrew Ramsay’s valedictory remarks as underpins a quality approach and reduces engineers need real experience on site during outgoing chief executive of the Engineering costs so, in reality, it’s not a fad that we can the construction and operational stages of a Council (Letters, page 18, August 2010) ill afford but a fundamental that we cannot project is spot on – particularly for young seem a remarkable acceptance of blame. He afford to overlook. engineers who want to pursue their career as unequivocally cites his own Engineering Tim Brown mechanical and electrical (M&E) designers. Council (EC), the Royal Academy and the National sales manager, Cablofil UK In the last few years I have been leadership of the institutions for the lack of associating with facilities maintenance a coherent single voice for engineering. CIBSE Journal welcomes article proposals from management services in Oman, and have So where do we stand on this core issue? any reader, wherever you are – whether it be letters, longer opinion pieces, news stories, observed that some plants appear as if Was a single voice for engineering just Monty people or events listings, humorous items, or any the concept of maintenance has not been Finneston’s ‘big idea’ or is there a realisable ideas for possible articles. considered during design stage. We find it benefit for EC registrants? Please send all letters and any other items for very difficult to maintain these plants. This Running a complex, high-level bureaucracy possible publication to: bcervi@cibsejournal. suggests to me the limited knowledge of like the EC to provide a single voice for the com, or write to Bob Cervi, Editor, CIBSE Journal, Cambridge Publishers Ltd, 275 Newmarket Road, the designers and project managers who profession only makes sense when it delivers Cambridge, CB5 8JE, UK. We reserve the right to were involved in these projects. I strongly results. But when the impossibility of the edit all letters. Please indicate how you wish your support the statement that, before starting task is endorsed by the retiring EC chief letter to be attributed, and whether you wish to have your contact details included. work on M&E facilities, design engineers executive with 35 years’ experience, then it

20 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp20 letters.indd 20 19/8/10 17:23:18 www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 21

p21_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 21 13/8/10 09:41:25 Opinion Pre-tender partnership Many of the problems arising between building services engineers and building services quantity surveyors could be resolved through greater collaboration, argue Joe McCaffrey (left) and Trevor Schwer

he design and procurement of services are in relation to the architectural design. However, at cost- unquestionably two of the most important planning pre-contract stage, the BS engineer is waiting aspects in the construction process. As building on the architect, and the QS is at the end of the line engineering becomes more complex, building waiting on the BS engineer’s design. Tservices engineers will need to rely more on specialist By the time sufficient detail is shown on the engineer’s sub-contractors and suppliers to provide solutions. drawings, there is little time to value-engineer the It is often the case that the BS engineers will meet services because the client wants to go to tender – so with a specialist sub-contractor pre-contract, to develop value-engineering happens during or after the tender the client brief into a design. The BS engineer then takes process, which is not ideal. A possible solution is the this specialist design input, includes it in the design, and inclusion of a longer design period, this then forms part of the overall tender document. but generally people just then The issue for the QS is that s/he is now procuring a prioritise other projects, resulting For quantity design that possibly only one specialist subcontractor/ in the same issues. supplier can provide – and this is generally reflected From our experience, there is surveyors, the in a higher price. The QS’s role is to try to introduce a sense of ‘don’t give the QS too services in an existing competition to achieve a fair and reasonable market much information as they will price, and this is hampered by getting specialists to only highlight the deficiencies building are design pre-contract – which can give the specialist sub- in design’. Building services often a black art contractor/supplier an advantage during tendering. If engineers must realise that the QS the BS engineer and the QS work more closely together, is looking at the design from a procurement and cost- perimeters for the specialist design input could be agreed management perspective, so that variations/changes are upon, and a fair market rate could be ensured. reduced post-tender. Again, more collaborative working The issues surrounding services design development and communication pre-tender could seriously reduce have never really been tackled by the construction the amount of work post-tender for both parties. A industry, but the opportunity exists between the watertight tender document and design needs far less engineering and the surveying professions to make management post-tender. improvements in the future by working collaboratively While the QS profession recognises that it has a and sharing knowledge. lot more to do in terms of education, training and From our viewpoint as QSs, the services in an existing improvement of core skills in relation to building building are often a ‘black art’ in terms of designing and services, it is also necessary for the relationship between cost planning, as often very little is known about the BSEs and QSs to improve from a knowledge-transfer and condition of the existing services. QSs tend to price out communication point of view. the risk and BS engineers try to put the responsibility An open relationship between these two professionals on the contractor in terms of completing the design. could go a long way to improving the cost and design In a perfect world, the existing design records would issues often incurred on construction projects, with the be available, with a full detailed maintenance regime in result of increased demand for both professionals in a place detailing any changes since the original installation. future where sustainability and building services are However, it is rare indeed to see this happen. significantly increasing. l The flow of communication and knowledge transfer depends hugely on the individuals involved in the project. Joe McCaffrey MRICS is course director, College of Estate Generally at pre-contract stage there is not enough Management, [email protected] Trevor Schwer discussion and interaction between the BS engineer and MRICS is commercial director, Update Technology, Gulf, [email protected] the QS. Part of the issue is the sequencing of services

22 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp22 opinion.indd 22 19/8/10 17:23:49

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 23

p23_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 23 13/8/10 09:42:26 Legal Recasting the EPBD The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) has been revised. Hywel Davies looks at what might be in store when the new provisions are implemented in the UK

he EPBD was adopted in 2003, and whilst it • For existing buildings the minimum energy has been fully implemented into the various performance requirements for new buildings also UK regulations, compliance is very patchy. apply when a ‘major renovation’ is to be carried out, The ‘recast’ of the directive aims to clarify with no threshold floor area (Article 7); Tthe original document and extend its scope, whilst • Member states must list financial incentives for ‘nearly reducing the variations in its implementation among zero’ energy buildings (Article 10); EU member states. Its provisions cover energy used • Public buildings over 500 sq m will have to display for space and hot water heating, cooling, ventilation, energy performance certificates (EPCs) from 2012-13, and lighting for new and existing residential and non- and five years later that drops to 250 sq m. Additionally, residential buildings. EPCs will provide detailed recommendations for The directive sets a target for all new buildings to improvements (Articles 11 to 13); be ‘nearly zero-energy buildings’ by the end of 2020, • There are some changes to the rules for boiler and air including existing buildings conditioning inspections and undergoing major renovation reports (Articles 14-16) and to (Article 9). The cash-strapped The long-awaited the rules for independent public sector in the UK is experts and controls over expected to lead the way and definiton of zero certificates and inspection achieve this by the end of carbon will seek to address reports (Articles 17 to 18); 2018. •Member states must On the face of it, the UK the question of undertake a programme goals of achieving zero interpretation of public awareness and carbon homes by 2016 and communication to tell owners zero carbon non-domestic or tenants about certification buildings by 2019 will meet this target. However, as no and inspection and the opportunities to improve definition of ‘nearly zero’ is given, there will be national energy performance (Article 20); and interpretations. It remains to be seen: a) whether • Member states will set rules on penalties applicable existing national rules for very low or zero energy for non-compliance (Article 27). buildings will suffice; and b) how these rules will have There have already been many questions about when to be met alongside the renewable energy requirements, the new requirements in the directive will take effect. which also have to be achieved by 2020. Apart from the ‘nearly zero’ target by 2020, most other DOWNLOAD Directive 2010/31/EU of the The long-awaited definition of ‘zero carbon’ for requirements must be implemented by member states European Parliament and of England and Wales will seek to answer the first issue; between July 2012 and January 2013. the Council of 19 May 2010 the policy on renewables, including the proposed One aspect of particular interest to those engaged on the energy performance Renewable Heat Incentive and feed-in tariffs, will aim in energy assessment and building regulations is the of buildings (recast) was to address the latter. requirement in Article 27 relating to penalties. These published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 18th There are a number of other developments in the new must be set by member states by January 2013, and June 2010. The full text of the version of the EPBD, which include: ‘must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive’. Directive can be downloaded • Provision of a comparative methodology for calculating Given the widespread view that it is considered cheaper from www.cibse.org/epbdrecast cost-optimal levels of energy performance, taking into to risk a fine than pay for an air conditioning system CIBSE is preparing a briefing account life-cycle costing (Article 5); inspection, there is going to be an interesting debate to on the recast, in collaboration with the Association for the • Member states will have to calculate minimum energy be had about this particular requirement. l Conservation of Energy. This requirements according to the above mentioned will also be available on the link is technical director of CIBSE. benchmarking methodology (Article 4); Hywel Davies above from early September.

24 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp24 legal.indd 24 19/8/10 17:24:24 N_pMX`ccXek6 9\ZXlj\fli_\Xk`e^Xe[i\e\nXYc\jpjk\djdXb\Zfdd\iZ`Xcj\ej\%

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 25

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26 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p26_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 26 13/8/10 09:44:16 Roundtable debate Lighting efficiency Bright ideas All images: Simon Weir www.simonweir.com Weir Simon images: All

Lighting is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of all types Roundtable of building. Making lighting more efficient is therefore key to participants Lee Barker-Field is achieving carbon-reduction targets. CIBSE Journal, together with principal, lighting design, sponsor Lutron, brought together a range of leading experts from at AECOM Bob Cervi is editor of across the industry to discuss the question: How can key supply CIBSE Journal Marc Draper is project chain players in the building engineering industry promote lighting director, UK and Middle efficiency and provide the tools and technologies to radically reduce East, for Scott Wilson Dominic Meyrick is lighting’s substantial carbon footprint? Bob Cervi chaired the event lighting principal – partner, Hoare Lea

‘We need the legislation that will drive those Mark Ridler is lighting Topic one director at BDP Is lighting efficiency a neglected part of developers who are not looking at lighting efficiency,’ said Simon Robinson of WSP UK. According to Simon Robinson is the built environment, particularly in the associate director, WSP UK regulations? Dominic Meyrick of Hoare Lea: ‘The problem rests Julian Sutherland is design Lighting is often the biggest user of energy in a building with CIBSE and the writing of [lighting] codes.’ director for sustainable – particularly in larger offices and retail outlets. So why AECOM’s Lee Barker-Field agreed: ‘Increasingly, development at Atkins is it apparently given such a low priority compared with outside of the industry people are buying energy-saving Iain Trent is project other contributors to a development’s carbon footprint, lighting equipment. But in the industry, the problem engineer at Land Securities such as the mechanical and electrical services? is the design process and some of the tools that are Alan Tulla is president of One overarching problem is a lack of tight regulation involved in that process, such as the codes.’ the Society of Light and on lighting efficiency. Revisions to the Building Clearly, regulations are key, and Part L 2010’s Lighting, a CIBSE society Regulations, in particular the recent Part L 2010, were minimum requirement of 55 luminaire lumens per Simon Wootton is principal a missed opportunity to put more emphasis on lighting circuit watt for interior office lighting (raised from 45) technical manager at NG Bailey efficiency, the roundtable participants agreed. has not gone far enough, many of the group argued (see >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 27

CIBSEsep10 pp27-30 roundtable.indd 27 19/8/10 17:25:07 Martin Preston (Lutron observer) Mark Ridler Bruce Griffin (Lutron observer) Dominic Meyrick

Julian Sutherland

Simon Robinson

Alan Tulla

> the guide to lighting terms on the facing page). Some felt for 10 years. If they put in a product that’s 65 lumens the minimum level should have been raised to 65. per watt, that would really save energy .’ ‘But there’s Downlighters ‘I have an issue that manufacturing in this country an opportunity for the Code to say: “the minimum could have been has too much influence on [the lighting] codes and standard should be achieved, and we can add to that,” scrapped but legislation,’ said Meyrick. ‘Downlighters could have said Mark Ridler of BDP. been scrapped [in Part L 2010] but there was an uproar Many in the group felt that building design should there was an in manufacturing in certain places, and it was seen as begin with an emphasis on using natural daylight. ‘But uproar from being a step too far.’ there is a tension between daylight design and solar manufacturers ‘I’ve had manufacturers come up to me and say, you gains and ventilation system design – for example, can’t go much above 55 [luminaire lumens per circuit I’m getting lots of good daylight but also huge solar watt] because it’s too hard to achieve,’ said Alan Tulla, gains and am putting in a big cooling system to deal president of the Society of Light and Lighting, which with that,’ added Julian Sutherland of Atkins. ‘When publishes the Lighting Code. Meyrick added: ‘Part L you look at the land between architecture and building is a one-size-fits-all, unfortunately. The reason I have services engineering, that tension sits in here and we’re an issue about the 55 [minimum requirement] is that not quite sure who’s responsible [ for resolving it].’ there is an enormous refurb market, and that 55 allows Marc Draper of Scott Wilson said: ‘If you’re looking a core quality replacement to go in and it will stay there at overall energy consumption of a building, and are

28 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp27-30 roundtable.indd 28 20/8/10 12:51:06 Roundtable debate Lighting efficiency

Guide to lighting terms Marc Draper Lumens per circuit watt: This is a measure of a lighting system’s ‘luminous efficacy’ – ie, efficiency. Luminaire: This is the lighting fixture and lamp combined. Bob Cervi Part L 2010: Building Regulations Part L 2010 sets Simon Wootton tougher minimum requirements for lighting efficiency levels in different types of environment. Efficiencies must be at least 55 lumens/circuit watt for general lighting in non-domestic buildings. Part L 2010 also sets tougher targets for buildings’ ‘notional’ carbon emissions, which are to be 25% lower. Lee Lux: This is a measure of ‘illuminence’ – how much Barker-Field light falls onto a surface. The Lighting Code: This is published by the Society of Light and Lighting (SLL). www.sll.org.uk Sources: CIBSE Journal, SLL

it could be in the Part L, with its focus on thermal performance. Iain Trent While most of the group felt that the rules could set tougher requirements for energy efficient lighting, in reality it is building occupiers and users who will determine just how much energy is saved or wasted. However, it was felt that Part L’s requirement for a 25% reduction in carbon emissions from buildings would be a key driver of change over time. Topic two Are ‘ultra-efficient’ lighting technologies the answer, or are they oversold? There is a role for more highly efficient lamps, particularly when it comes to refurbished properties, which generally can’t depend on adding more daylight There’s a to reduce energy use, argued Tulla. But he agreed with the group that there is genuine concern about possible whole world misselling of new products. of hurt coming Wootton said: ‘Manufacturers are convincing us that from people LEDs are the energy efficient source.’ But the danger from overselling new lamps, said Ridler, is that clients badly specifying won’t do other stuff such as daylighting. LEDs He added: ‘I do think that manufacturers are going for BREEAM Excellent or Outstanding, you’ve overselling LED lighting,’ said Robinson. ‘This got to put lighting into the equation in a much bigger convinces clients that LEDs are the most efficient way.’ ‘But BREEAM credits are too easy to get for lighting source, and that’s not right.’ lighting,’ added Simon Wootton of NG Bailey. ‘There’s a whole world of hurt coming from people One key problem with inefficient lighting is the level badly specifying and installing LEDs,’ warned Trent, of light required by building tenants and users. Iain adding: ‘But when we get LEDs right, they’re a very Trent of Land Securities suggested that, if offices are efficient light source.’ designed with a level of lighting at the lower end of When it comes to office lighting, said Tulla, ‘a T5 the range of 300 to 500 lux, the ceilings will have to lamp and a properly designed luminaire with proper be stripped out to put in extra lighting. He suggested control gear is pretty efficient’. it was better to ‘design for 500 lux and then bring this Tulla pointed out that the lighting industry had down to 300’ when the building is occupied. recently produced a three-page guide on how to specify The discussion on regulations and codes highlighted LED lighting, which was freely available, and is also some of their limitations when it comes to trying to working on a definition of ‘ultra-efficient’ lighting. legislate for bringing about a reduction in energy Barker-Field argued that a system powered by use in larger commercial and domestic properties. electricity, with all the wasted energy that occurs along In particular, the role of natural light is not as strong the supply chain, was ‘inherently inefficient’. If we are >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 29

CIBSEsep10 pp27-30 roundtable.indd 29 20/8/10 12:51:34 Roundtable debate Lighting efficiency

need simple systems that are manageable by all. We have oversold [controls] and we need to start again,’ said Draper. Trent argued that providing simple automated messages to a building’s users, such as ‘your lights were left on last night’, is one of the simple but effective uses that controls can be put to. One problem, he added, was that no one is doing ‘really good research’ on lighting controls. Meyrick asked: ‘How can we get those exemplar projects for all sectors out there, so that people can see, that whatever amount of money you want to spend, it’s worth it?’ Topic four > looking to radically reduce lighting’s carbon footprint, So how do we radically reduce lighting’s we’d have to look to natural light as the solution, carbon footprint? If you want alongside more energy efficient lamps and renewables, ‘Design may save you but technology won’t,’ said to drive down he added. Barker-Field. ‘The broad-ranging discussion we’ve energy for ‘We’re not going to make any fundamental changes had shows that it’s a complicated area we’re dealing unless we say that natural light is the way,’ he said. with – behavioural psychology, architecture, building lighting in the services – how you link all those things together. How next decade Topic three do you get better [lighting] design into that process? or two it’s got Are the benefits of lighting controls being Getting the right people doing the design is the biggest under-recognised? opportunity [ for low carbon lighting].’ to come from Fitting controls can be key to ensuring that lighting is ‘If you want to drive down energy for lighting in your existing used more efficiently, but achieving user satisfaction the next decade or two, it’s got to come from your buildings is the most difficult aspect of controls, said Ridler: ‘If existing buildings,’ Tulla said. ‘And you’ll do that with you get a control system that does not deliver for users, a technology refurb,’ responded Sutherland, ‘but then they simply turn it off!’ you have to turn the lighting off.’ ‘You need to drive Controls technology is written by software daylight as being the primary lighting source,’ said developers and driven by the technology, and this Ridler. Meyrick added: ‘In my view, any daylight is presents problems when it comes to usability for better than no daylight at all, and that’s what the great building occupants, said Trent: ‘That’s why we’ve got architects of the past absolutely knew.’ very expensive systems in buildings that are lit up like Overall, the group felt that a combination of Christmas trees at night.’ Addressing the question improved legislation, lower lighter levels, more ‘what are controls for?’, Trent said simply: ‘To deliver efficient technology and effective and usable controls the right amount of light at the right time.’ provided some of the answers. But they agreed that the Users want to be able to influence their local area, root of the problem also lay in the lack of a ‘holisitic’ said Sutherland: ‘We saw ventilation controls as approach to the designing and specifying of lighting something that controlled everything for everybody for new builds and refurbishments. l some years ago, but we then realised that, actually, we The edited video of this discussion can be found with had taken too much control away from people, who the September issue online at www.cibsejournal.com didn’t feel comfortable anymore because they did not have enough control of their environment.’ He added: ‘We need both building-wide energy From the sponsor: Lutron management and local control – a light switch for Lutron Electronics is the leading designer and every workstation.’ However, he said, relying on manufacturer of lighting controls and architectural controls can mean designers feeling that ‘it’s solved’. lighting control systems for residential, commercial It’s much more important to get both lighting and and institutional applications. Lutron offers natural daylight right. more than 15,000 products — from single-room For a radical change in lighting’s carbon footprint, dimmers to comprehensive architectural systems we need to think about how we ‘plan buildings from that operate lighting throughout an entire building the ground up’, said Barker-Field, who stressed the role and can control virtually any lamp source. Lutron of better daylight: ‘Controls are a response to better is committed to helping its customers find ways to daylit buildings.’ save energy and leads the industry in controlling Despite the payback on investment that controls can energy efficient light sources. Full-range dimming is provide through lower energy usage, they are often now possible for a wide range of fluorescent lamp pushed out of specifications to cut costs, it was felt. types. The trend toward LED lighting for accent and Moreover, both the developer and the tenant/user have general lighting is growing, and historically viewed them an ‘evil’ because they haven’t Lutron is there to control it all. worked or been at all user-friendly. ‘We therefore

30 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp27-30 roundtable.indd 30 19/8/10 17:25:46 www.medem.co.uk

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32 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p32_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 32 13/8/10 09:47:46 Lighting Part L 2010 In the spotlight Changes to Part L, due to come into effect next month, will have key implications for the lighting industry, writes Richard Forster

he changes to Part L 2010 of the Building Regulations set out tougher Target Emission Rates (TERs) for dwellings and non-domestic buildings. The Non-Domestic Compliance TGuide tabulates minimum standards for metering of general and display lighting by kWh meters on dedicated lighting circuits, or metering coupled to lighting or building managements systems, or a lighting management system that can calculate and report consumed energy. This will improve information for the building user. Because the aim is to assess the overall energy consumption of a building, it is possible for an individual product to be compliant in one building but not in another, thus compliance only relates to individual buildings and not products. However, ‘each building service should be at least as efficient as the worst acceptable value for a particular type of appliance as set out in the Compliance Guide’. Section 6 of Approved Document (AD) L2B for existing non-dwellings includes the requirement for consequential improvements. Among the practical and economical measures suggested in table 6 is ‘upgrading general lighting systems with an average lamp efficacy of less than 40 lamp lumens per circuit- watt… by new luminaires or improved controls’. Later in Section 6 para 11(c) there is a supplementary requirement when the installed capacity per unit area of a cooling system is increased: ‘Any general lighting system within the same area with an average lamp efficacy of less than 45 lamp lumens per circuit- watt should be upgraded with new luminaires and/ or controls …’ This is to reduce the lighting load and hence the space cooling demand. For dwellings, the changes largely relate to withdrawal of tungsten filament lamps: • For internal lighting, three out of four fittings are to use low-energy lamps (previously only one out of four); • Low energy lamps to have an efficacy of not less than 45 lamp lumens per circuit-watt (previously 40); • The fittings to have a total of more than 400 lamp lumens; >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 33

CIBSEsep10 pp33-34 lighting.indd 33 19/8/10 17:26:08 Lighting Part L 2010

> • Fittings of less than five circuit-watts are excluded from the total number of light fittings. These latter two requirements are 2010 additions, although Shutterstock products of less than 5 watts and an output exceeding 400 lumens seem likely in the near future. The previous exclusion of compact lamps with bayonet or Edison screw caps has been withdrawn as there is less risk of subsequent substitution by GLS tungsten lamps. • For external lighting (attached to the building) there is a choice of not greater than 100 lamp watts per fitting, together with automatic switching controls when there is sufficient daylight and when the location is unoccupied (previously the limit was 150 lamp watts); • Alternatively, the use of low energy lamps greater than 45 lamp lumens per circuit-watt with automatic daylight control plus manual switching. For non-domestic buildings, some key terms are defined in the Compliance Guide, but for display Compliance with Part L does not lighting, emergency escape lighting and special process lighting, it is necessary to refer to Section 3 indicate good lighting practice or in the AD. As before, the recommended minimum even suitability for purpose lighting efficacies for new and existing buildings are defined by type and situation: areas, the average initial efficacy to be not less than • For general lighting in office, industrial and storage 55 luminaire lumens per circuit-watt (previously 45). For existing buildings, this value can be modified by a lighting control factor in table 45 where automatic Various Building Regulations documents lighting controls are employed. For new buildings, of relevance to the lighting industry no correction should be applied as it is incorporated in the calculation method; The Building and Approved Inspectors (Amendment) Regulations 2010 • For general lighting of other areas the average initial Approved Approved Approved Approved efficacy to be not less than 55 lamp lumens per circuit- Document L1A: Document L1B: Document L2A: Document watt (previously 50); and New Dwellings Existing Dwellings New Buildings L2B: Existing • For display lighting the average initial efficacy to other than Buildings other be not less than 22 lamp lumens per circuit-watt Dwellings than Dwellings (previously 15). Domestic Building Services Non-Domestic Building Services What is often overlooked is average luminous Compliance Guide Compliance Guide efficacy of the area, and so it will vary for each building according to the combination of products used. Dwelling Emission Rate (DER) Building Emission Rate (BER) SBEM* Places of worship are excluded, but not ancillary SAP 2009 areas such as offices, kitchens and meeting halls. There Reference Documents – Standards, guides and legislation is special consideration for listed and historic buildings Energy Performance Certificate and evidence of largely as before, and the guidance issued by English commissioning and building log book Heritage should be taken into account. The area subject to the largest change is display *Simplified Building Energy Model 2010 version or other approved software lighting, with average lamp lumens per circuit watt increased by nearly 50%. Replacements for reflector The format of the regulations is multi-tiered and the number of documents tungsten filament lamps in this sector are overdue so has increased with each edition. The table above shows the structure of compliance should not prove difficult. the documentation. The legal aspect of the regulations requires reasonable Finally, compliance with Part L does not indicate provision for the conservation of fuel and power. Specific detail is provided in good lighting practice or even suitability for purpose. either the Approved Documents (ADs) or the Compliance Guides. One major It only examines whether the building’s energy change is that the detail now appears in the two Compliance Guides whereas performance – including the permanent lighting – is previously it was part of the ADs. ADs are not intended to be prescriptive; there equal to or better than the worst acceptable efficacy as is no obligation to adopt any particular solution in the AD if some other way is given in the compliance documents. l preferred and can be shown to be equally effective.To view the ADs, visit: www.planningportal.gov.uk/england/professionals/buildingregs/ Richard Forster IEng, MCIBSE, MSLL, MILE is a lighting technicalguidance/bcconsfppartl/bcconsfppartlappdoc engineer. A version of this article is also published in the latest edition of the SLL Newsletter.

34 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 35

p35_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 35 13/8/10 09:48:39 Social success An affordable-housing development is performing well against design targets, according to engineers, but an evaluation of the project reveals huge variations in occupants’ behaviour. Mark Jansen reports

ost-occupation evaluations (POEs) of green buildings are comparatively rare, according to Zack Gill, research engineer at Buro Happold. He believes the problem is partly a lack of Pfunding and partly a fear that the results may reveal issues that the design and construction teams would rather not have to grapple with. However, a recent POE of the award-winning Clay Fields estate in Elmswell, Suffolk, has shown a good energy reduction in both space heating and ‘regulated’ energy consumption. It also highlights the huge differences that occupant behaviour can have on energy use. The Clay Fields estate comprises 26 social housing units designed to the BRE Eco-homes Excellent standard and was completed in September 2008. The project was first featured in CIBSE Journal in September 2009 (page 36). Sustainability adviser Buro Happold has spent 18 months examining how Clay Fields comprises 26 social housing units designed the homes have been performing. Studies of the to the BRE Eco-homes space heating and hot water consumption revealed Excellent standard the average amount of energy used is 51% less than >

36 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp36-38,40 clayfields.indd 36 19/8/10 18:01:12 Case study Post-occupancy evaluation All images courtesy of Buro Happold Buro of courtesy images All

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 37

CIBSEsep10 pp36-38,40 clayfields.indd 37 19/8/10 18:01:32 Case study Post-occupancy evaluation

Clay Fields specification

Location: Elmswell, Suffolk Scheme: 13 x 2-bedroom and 9 x 3-bedroom houses, plus 4 one-bedroom flats, each built to BRE EcoHomes Excellent standard, completed September 2008 Client: Orwell Housing Association Sustainability consultant: Buro Happold Architect: Riches Hawley Mikhail Features Biomass district heating network. Whole-house mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. High airtightness: at 3.47m3/sq m at 50Pa, is 65% improvement on regulatory minimum Massing: homes grouped in threes to reduce area of exposed facade, two and three-storey buildings are positioned to maximise winter solar gain Rainwater harvesting: each dwelling fitted with a 50 to 60 litre tank that supplies filtered, unmetered grey water for toilet flushing and garden irrigation Optimised solar orientation: main portions of glazing face south to enable useful solar gain in winter Improved insulation: walls are 0.25W/sq m.K, Clay Fields’ biomass store > the national average and 23% lower than the design glazing 1.9W/sq m.K, roof 0.12W/sq m.K and and boiler room target (see details in the box on page 40). Gill says there ground 0.25W/sq m.K. Low-energy lighting and is no single explanation for why the design target was low-flow fixtures throughout the homes exceeded by such a large margin. The walls were made using hempcrete, a mixture of hemp and lime chosen for its excellent thermal properties. This was sprayed through greater engagement with the occupiers, onto timber frames, and Gill believes this method stressing that the highest users often appear very enabled the team to achieve a good seal. interested in reducing their consumption. One of In addition, he points out that energy modelling the biggest consumers had never lived in a centrally tools, including SAP that was used for Clay Fields, heated home before and only had experience of storage can lack accuracy: ‘There have been calls for better heaters. Initially, this occupier set this thermostat at modelling tools and there can be big variations between 27C, although this was later reduced. one type and another. I think this shows that they need But many occupiers complained that the thermostat to be informed by actual performance data, so this is controls, which allow seven-day programming an argument for greater use of POEs.’ with days broken into five different time segments, However, one thing the Clay Fields POE does show were too complicated. ‘They said the heating controls is the huge differences in energy use depending on were confusing and on some occasions would stop occupier behaviour, something that, in Gill’s view, people from making the changes they wanted,’ policymakers will have to consider when deciding explains Gill. Other researchers within Buro Happold the final form of levels 5 and 6 of the Code for are now studying the most effective forms of Sustainable Homes. thermostat design. The lowest energy user in Clay Fields, in terms of In addition, Gill notes that most occupiers at Clay heating and hot water, consumed just 46 kWh/yr per Fields keep their homes fairly warm – the average sq m, while the highest consumed 144.9 kWh/yr per internal temperature being 21.9C, with thermostats sq m – both are substantially better than the national set at 21C to 22C. ‘This tells us that the houses are average of 191.5 kWh/year. The homes are grouped in controllable, but they are demanding a fair bit of heat threes to minimise heat loss through the exterior walls in there, to be honest,’ Gill admits. and there is a 20% t0 5% difference in heat demand The Clay Fields estate is linked to a district heating between mid-terrace and end-of-terrace properties, Gill system that runs on a mixture of gas and biomass says. However, the study has shown that the highest that is controlled by the landlord, Orwell Housing energy users are not necessarily those living in the end- Association. However, the study shows a relatively of-terrace properties, as might be expected. disappointing proportion of biomass being used – just Gill insists energy use could be reduced further 42% over the monitoring period, although Gill says the >

38 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 39

p39_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 39 13/8/10 09:49:27 Case study Post-occupancy evaluation

> use of biomass is now rising rapidly and should reach 70% after some technical and supply problems were The POE results The wildly resolved. ‘Things are moving in the right direction,’ Post-occupation evaluation of Clay Fields varying electrical he notes. development in Elmswell, Suffolk, by Buro consumption The wildly varying electrical consumption on site Happold. Data collected between September 2008 is also very much down to occupant behaviour. The and November 2009. on site is very highest users at Clay Fields consume 64.7 kWh/year much down per sq m, substantially above the national average of to occupant 47.7 kWh/year per sq metre, while the lowest users consume just 17.6 kWh/year per sq m. These figures behaviour include electricity consumption that is beyond the control of the building team, such as televisions and white goods like tumble driers. ‘Thirty-seven to 45% of total carbon emissions are out of the designer’s hands,’ asserts Gill. Buro Happold also discovered the use of ‘regulated’ electricity at Clay Fields – lighting, pumps (for central heating) and the mechanical ventilation and heat recovery system (MVHR) – varies widely. But the variation is not as wide as for ‘unregulated’ use – that Space heating and hot water, kWh/yr is, of various appliances such as in cooking. So involving and motivating users in reducing energy use in this area Great Britain average per sq m: 191.5 will be important for further reductions in future. Mid-Suffolk average per sq m: 172 Water consumption also varies widely, with the Clay Fields design target per sq m: 121 biggest users measured at 196 litres per person per Clay Fields average actual performance per sq m: day, far exceeding the national average of 148 litres. 92.9 However, average water consumption at Clay Fields Clay Fields highest per sq m: 144.9 was well below the national figure, at 91 litres, while Clay Fields lowest per sq m: 46 the most sparing occupiers consumed just 28 litres per person per day. The rainwater harvesting system, Estimated average energy requirement for space which supplies grey water for toilet flushing and garden heating per sq m at Clay Field: 73 irrigation, is believed to be providing 24 litres per Estimated average energy requirement for hot person per day. Gill suggests that water consumption water per sq m at Clay Field: 20 may fall further if there were some way of showing occupiers how much stored rainwater is in their tanks on any given day; for example, if the tank is empty, they Electricity in kWh/yr may think twice about watering the garden. However, Great Britain average per sq : 47.7*** Gill notes: ‘The occupiers aren’t too worried about Mid-Suffolk average per sq m: 61.9*** Electrical consumption on the water consumption because it is relatively cheap and Clay Fields design target per sq m: 13.9* site is logged they don’t feel they are wasting it.’ l Clay Fields average actual performance, per sq m: 40.9** Clay Fields highest per sq m: 64.7** Clay Fields lowest per sq m: 17.6**

* ‘Regulated’ electricity only, ie MVHR, lighting, pumps ** Includes unregulated electricity, ie other appliances *** Is both regulated + unregulated electricity combined

Average MVHR electricity use at Clay Fields, per sq m: 6.7 Electricity used for lighting at Clay Fields, per sq m: 4.8 to 9.8 (estimated) Other electricity use at Clay Fields, per sq m: 24.6 to 29.6 (estimated)

Water litres/person/day Great Britain average: 148 Clay Fields average: 91 Clay Field highest: 196 Clay Fields lowest: 28

40 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp36-38,40 clayfields.indd 40 19/8/10 18:02:20 FRESH AIR AND A GOOD INDOOR CLIMATE ARE IMPORTANT FOR OUR:

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©WindowMaster - Solutions for Natural Ventilation www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 41

p41_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 41 13/8/10 09:50:21 Special report Public Health Engineering

42 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp42-43 PHE supplement contents.indd 42 19/8/10 18:03:16 Public health

Contents

44 Blue-roof thinking The custom has been to remove storm water from a building as quickly as possible, but there is a different way of managing rainwater 49 Sealed solution Collaboration between a UK university and a manufacturer has led to the development of an innovative building drainage technique 52 International rescue The selling of building drainage codes globally is causing more harm than good in the public health arena, but an answer may be at hand 54 After the deluge A torrent of policy, regulations and standards for sustainability has poured down on the sector, but how have these impacted upon best practice in water efficiency? Introduction As the sustainability agenda in the built environment grows, so does the remit for public health engineers

n this special report on public health engineering, we look at the torrent of policy, regulations and environmental standards that has gushed from government in recent years as it strives to meet the challenges that a warming world will bring. IWithin the next dozen pages we aim to show how these changing requirements in standards and regulations, such as the environmental assessment methodology BREEAM, the Code for Sustainable Homes and Part G of the Building Regulations, are all pushing the boundaries of design in public engineering. In other articles we show how blue roofs may become the new ‘green roof’ when dealing with the attenuation of storm water; and another explores the question of who wins when European, Australian and US codes on drainage are sold to all parts of the globe. We hope you find these articles both useful and enjoyable, and look forward to your comments on these and related issues.

Carina Bailey, special report editor [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 43

CIBSEsep10 pp42-43 PHE supplement contents.indd 43 19/8/10 18:03:36 Public health Rainwater Blue-roof thinking The custom has been to remove storm water from a building as quickly as possible, but there is a different way of managing rainwater, says Carl Harrop

he strict attenuation of storm water from involved in the design for taking the rainwater from the developments is now commonplace, with the roof, through the building and to its point of discharge. flow control normally taking place close to the The timing of appointments reinforces the difficulty outfall from the site. for any particular discipline to propose an approach TMore recently, the idea of reducing the volume of that may cross several contractual boundaries. water through using a ‘green roof’, which also provides Using traditional methods creates a concentration a habitat for wildlife, has been used. But a third, and of flows that inevitably leads to large-bore rainwater commonly overlooked, way is gaining credence with pipework connected to the underground drainage, engineers – the blue roof. which is also sized to take the peak flows resulting from ‘Blue roof’ is a term used to describe a system which short, high-intensity storms. However, does removing allows rainwater to temporarily build up where it lands the water based on a two-minute storm duration really on the building roof, reducing or potentially eliminating provide the best value? the need for other downstream attenuation methods, A typical flat roof office building will have been such as tanks or oversized drains, and is particularly designed to withstand the weight of snowfall, which suited to new-build flat-roof developments. A blue roof is usually at least 0.6 kN/sq m. Also, to help convey normally has zero degrees fall, maximising the volume the rainwater to the various outlets as efficiently as available for attenuating the rainfall in a relatively thin possible, the roof will normally be laid to falls, often film across the maximum possible surface area. It can with screed weighing in at between 1.2 kN/sq m and also be cheaper than more established methods. 4.8 kN/sq m. So what is wrong with the current approach? All too This means that if we remove the screed, there is often, barriers to a holistic surface water disposal plan already the structural capacity to allow more than are created through the number of different parties 180mm of water to build up on the roof. So, what if we use this inherent strength to contain the peak flows from a storm, as opposed to sizing the entire system to The traditional approach to rainwater disposal convey it to a remote attenuation point? The architect designs the roofspace including The key to designing a blue roof or similar system the falls, flashings and waterproofing details is to understand not just the peak flow rates generated The public health engineer sizes the rainwater by a particular storm, but also the volumes of water outlets and downpipes to remove the water from delivered by the downpour. the roof as quickly and completely as possible Every building will have different requirements, The public health engineer provides downpipe and this approach would only be suitable for flat-roof positions, sizes and flow rates to the buildings. But as the costed example in the box on the underground drainage designer third page shows, if a building is well suited to the The drainage engineer sizes the underslab approach, there is the opportunity to actually reduce drainage in line with the flow rates provided by the public health engineer the cost of a building by adding storm attenuation. A blue roof system needs a means to control the The drainage engineer considers restrictions flow rate from the roof. Currently, however, there imposed on discharge rates and engineers mechanisms and structures to attenuate flows are very few components on the market designed to before outfall accurately restrict flows. But there are several ways of approaching this. One is to control the flow at the outlet. Although this can be difficult to calculate and control effectively due to the very small head of

44 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp44-46 PHE supplement - rainwater.indd 44 19/8/10 18:03:59 An example of a roof that is well suited to rooftop attenuation. Even with BS compliant falls, some ponding is common due to building tolerances and workmanship

water, Polypipe, for example, has developed and tested Blue roofs: some key design elements versions of its siphonic outlets that can give accurate Adequate overspill points or reduced discharges for a range of flow rates. overflows must be provided Another option is to run small-bore pipework down to ensure water ingress to the building is prevented in the the building with a standing head of water in them and event of blockage or rainfall install an in-line flow control device located in a plant- above the design parameters room or somewhere similar on a lower floor, where Waterproofing upstands to be maintenance can be undertaken safely. increased to cater for potential additional water depth The performance of any control device must be demonstrable to the sewerage undertaker, Environment The design depth of water will depend upon the outflow Agency or other authority that has set the outflow restrictions, the chosen return restriction. period for the storm and the available storage area As with all rainwater disposal designs, the most important factor is to correctly assess and design out The roof membrane performance and application the risk of ingress into the building. Overspill points must be discussed with the from the roofs to protect against blockage of the manufacturer at the time of design outlets or a storm in excess of the design parameters are critical. In theory, if these are provided and the There will be some residual water retained in slab flashings and tanking details are robust, there should undulations potentially be no additional risk of water ingress using a blue roof requiring designated walkways for safe access as opposed to more traditional approaches. The rainwater designer must also check that all Most of these details will ultimately be the penetrations through the roof have been adequately responsibility of the architect detailed so that the reservoir is not breached at any to detail but will require guidance and co-ordination point. An explanation of how the roof is designed to from the rainwater disposal perform should also be included in the building log > designer

The Society of Public Health Engineers The CIBSE Society of Public Health sanitation and drainage facilities. Over the and relevant updates on legislation, as Engineers (SoPHE) was set up to provide last few years, water conservation has also well as having the opportunity to network a higher profile and focus for public grown in importance, forming an important with colleagues. It also organises the health engineering, and a route to gaining part of the drive for sustainability in homes annual SoPHE Young Engineers Award, professional status. and offices. encouraging young engineers of the future. Public health engineers contribute greatly SoPHE aims to promote the art, science The society has also created an Industrial to social welfare, with particular regard to and practice of public health engineering, Associates forum for leading manufacturers facilities such as water, drainage, gas and along with raising the awareness of the working within the public health industry. fire engineering systems in a large range contribution engineers make to this sector. Through the society members are able of applications. This important input is Through organised technical talks, evening to input into CIBSE publications and long established and essential to provide events and newsletters, members are government consultations. To find out more clean drinking water supplies and adequate kept informed of specific developments about joining, visit www.cibse.org/sophe

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 45

CIBSEsep10 pp44-46 PHE supplement - rainwater.indd 45 19/8/10 18:04:09 Public health Rainwater

Blue roof vs traditional method Traditional roof Roof type: flat roof office building, 5,000 sq m Outflow:15 litres per second for a one in 100 year storm Scenario one: Category A void can be used to both attenuate and store water for harvesting two storm intensity for a two minute storm = 0.062 litres per second > book as it will be important that the calculated volume per sq m (BS 12056 on the roof is not reduced during the installation of Attenuation for free? Part 3) Total flow rate = 310 l/s tenant plant on the roof, for example. Using a 5,000 sq m, six-storey building, the The roof waterproofing must, of course, be carefully Conclusion: Using a traditional approach to rainwater disposal traditional approach, the designed, and the suppliers/contractors happy to may consist of: entire system, from the provide the necessary guarantees, which should be Roof membrane £225,000 outlets through to the little different from those required for a green roof. underground drainage, Screed laid to falls £90,000 So, what could the next step be? In the example would need to be sized 45 rainwater outlets £6,000 to remove this peak described in the panel on the left, we use only 40mm flow (although time of of the potential 180mm structural capacity for water 550m of 100-150mm diameter rainwater pipe £16,000 concentration allowances storage. Could the next step be to install a shallow crate 470m of 150-450mm dia £35,000 can be made on larger underground drainage systems). or paving pedestal system, across the flat roof to provide a storage zone beneath a pedestrian accessible area and Total traditional system without attenuation £372,000 re-use the collected rainwater? Blue roof Currently, a typical rainwater harvesting system may During the planning process a requirement for Scenario two: If we look consist of the following elements: at the same location 218 cu m of attenuation is identified. • Conveyance of the water from the roof as quickly as and storm, but choose underground attenuation tank £50,000 to install a truly flat roof possible in large pipework; with outlets (or other • Routing roof water to an underground tank in its own Total cost £422,000 means) restricting the system of underground drainage; flow rate from the roof to the required 15 l/s: • Pumping water back up to a ground-level plant Blue roof approach: room; and Total traditional system without attenuation £372,000 Temporary available • Pumping water again to distribute it through the ‘pond’ space: 3,750 sq m Add: enhanced roof membrane +£60,000 (assuming 25% volume building. of the roofscape is taken In this example, if we were to construct the rainwater Add: higher waterproofing detailing +£17,000 up by plant bases or outlets as standpipes, creating a storage zone of Add: above ground flow attenuators +£3,000 other structures) 40mm beneath it as rainwater harvesting, it would Omit: screed laid to falls -£90,000 Conclusion: Looking at a yield a storage volume in excess of 120,000 litres. The range of storm durations Omit: 39 rainwater outlets -£5,000 from one minute to rainwater harvesting could then consist of: Omit: reduction in rainwater pipework -£14,000 several hours and an • Storage at source with small bore pipework delivering Omit: reduced underground drainage -£28,000 outflow rate of 15 l/s, water by gravity to the treatment plant; the maximum depth • Pumped distribution to fittings; and Total blue roof attenuated system £315,000 of water on the roof would only reach 40mm! • No associated underground drainage or tanks (Most rainwater outlet To use water stored in this manner for rainwater and value for the client. If we can reconsider the need manufacturers assume harvesting may require some additional treatment to drain flat roofs quickly, with no residual water, 35mm head of water over their outlets to achieve because of the higher storage temperatures and then it will give us, as designers, significant scope the stated flow rates.) potentially less effective silt removal. However, when for innovation, cost reduction and real sustainability As the storm intensity the energy, carbon and cost of such a simplified system benefits. decreases and the outlet are taken into account, this becomes insignificant. Just as the building services engineer is now an capacities begin to (Roughly speaking, the use of the pumps will be essential member of the conceptual design team, exceed the rainfall rate, reduced by 50%, so energy consumption may be advising on building form in relation to energy and the roof will slowly clear of water. In this example, reduced by about 40%. Embodied energy/carbon ventilation, perhaps it is time for the public health after 3.5 hours the water would be reduced in line with the reduced materials engineer to forge a role in the early design stages to will have cleared, with the as given in the box, top right.) add value and shape the way in which a development exception of some minor l ponding retained in any Every building is different, but the public health manages its impact on the water environment. depressions in the flat engineer is well placed to become the person to advise slab caused by building the design team on what solution, or combination of Carl Harrop IEng FCIPHE MCIWEM MSoPHE is an associate director with multi-disciplinary consultancy, WSP tolerances. solutions, best delivers the environmental aspirations

46 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp44-46 PHE supplement - rainwater.indd 46 19/8/10 18:04:18 Reduce False Alarms every second counts

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 47

p47_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 47 13/8/10 09:51:11 Solutions for low cost, clean and high effi ciency combustion New, inexpensive technologies make it quick and easy to retrofi t existing combustion systems and signifi cantly reduce energy costs and noxious emissions. Compared with a new boiler, an axial air fl ow burner with Ratiotronic controls fi tted to an existing shell may be half the capital cost. Yet it’s the burner, not the boiler, that has the major impact on effi ciency, fuel consumption and reduction of emissions.

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48 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p48_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 48 16/8/10 15:35:19 Public health Drainage Sealed solution

Collaboration between a UK Studor university and a manufacturer has led to the development of an innovative building drainage technique, write John Swaffield and Steve White

artnerships and collaborations between industry and academia are commonplace in high-tech industries such as aerospace. Needless to say, they are rather more rare in the public health Pengineering sector. However, a 15-year partnership between Heriot Watt University (HWU) and Studor, a manufacturer of air admittance valves (AAVs), has delivered both innovative product and design The multiple positive Attenuator (PAPATM) – was used to much acclaim to methodologies, as well as a non-invasive methodology air pressure attenuator remedy positive air pressure transients within the Pak Tin for the assessment of trap seal integrity. installation at the Pak housing complex in Hong Kong, where bathrooms on the Tin estate in Hong Kong HWU has worked with Studor since the mid- first five floors were unusable due to the water seals being cured the stack surcharge 1990s, when together they started to develop models transient propagation ejected by the severe transients following surcharge – the to characterise the action of AAV in the control and surcharge being due to both poor stack base design and suppression of negative air pressure transients, generated indeterminate occupation levels (pictured above). by sudden increases in water discharge to vertical stack PAPATM is essentially an inflatable bag normally networks. evacuated by the negative pressure regime within the In 1999 Studor was introduced to HWU’s invention stack. It provides a diversionary route for an entrained of a variable volume containment device to control and airflow brought to rest suddenly by a surcharge – an suppress positive air pressure transients generated by application of the control and suppression approaches the cessation of the entrained airflow path through the followed in mainstream pressure surge analysis, the most drainage network, and particularly down the system important being to ensure that the rate of change of the vertical stacks due to surcharge at stack base or at stack flow is reduced, thereby cutting the transient pressure offsets. The device – now called a Positive Air Pressure generated. PAPATM should also be positioned between the source of the transient and the device to be protected. Following the development of the PAPATM and the Figure 2: Demonstration of the +1/-1 reflection coefficients encountered at a closed earlier work on modelling AAV characteristics, HWU and open end termination of a single pipe subject to a positive pressure pulse proposed the Active Control approach to the venting 60 design of building drainage systems, where a traditional Closed End roof penetration was impossible. The technique relies on 50 Open End the AAV installation to limit negative pressure transient -1 reflection coefficient Swaffield John 40 propagation while the PAPATM units control the positive transients. The HWU’s development of a simulation 30 package, AIRNET, allowed the feasibility of such a +ve reflection 20 from closed end methodology to be evaluated, and the approach has been incorporated into the drainage network installation in the 10 +ve reflection O2 dome in London, (see Figure 1). from open end 0 Thanks to collaboration with Studor, this methodology is promoted worldwide and has now been used elsewhere Pressure (mm Water Gauge) Pressure (mm Water -10 on buildings utilising Studor products. -1 reflection coefficient In 2003, poor drainage design was found to be a -20 factor in the spread of the SARS virus within the Amoy -30 Gardens housing complex in Hong Kong. A World 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 Health Organisation investigation, and HWU’s own Time, seconds modelling, confirmed that the spread of SARS was >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 49

CIBSEsep10 pp49-51 PHE supplement - drainage.indd 49 19/8/10 18:04:40 Figure 1: Details of the Active Control building drainage system > exacerbated by dry traps in many bathrooms, failures installed at the O2 Dome due to a combination of poor maintenance and bathroom extraction fan usage. In 2005, HWU proposed a non-invasive remote and non-destructive methodology to identify depleted trap seals by drawing upon pressure surge theory, and in particular, the result that an open or closed branch termination will generate differing responses to an incoming transient. (See Figure 2). With UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funding, and with additional funding and project team membership from Studor, IAPMO Studor SNIPEF, Buro Happold, RBS and the UK Department of Health, a practical system was developed and tested in large buildings in Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, including an RBS building in Glasgow and the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary building. The research team could not control the activity within the building, so it was a very good test of the system. The equipment consisted of a sinusoidal pressure wave generator and diversion valves fitted to the upper dry levels of a system stack and pressure sensors (see Figure 3). The comparison of a no-fault system response to a 10 Hz sinusoidal pressure excitation, with a duration of less than two seconds and a response where one or more traps are depleted, indicates the location of any depleted trap as the pressure signal travels at the acoustic velocity in air. Baxi_LZC_CIBSE Journal_HalfDPS_JUNE 7/5/10 18:10 Page 1 Further development beyond the EPSRC research The No.1 choice for LZC solutions

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CIBSEsep10 pp49-51 PHE supplement - drainage.indd 50 19/8/10 18:04:56 Public health Drainage

project by the HWU/Studor partnership has resulted Figure 3: Developed test equipment used to provide a remote and non- in a marketable product and methodology soon to be invasive transient-based technique to identify empty water trap seals available to facilities engineers and building operators. The methodology is both non-invasive (as the equipment is mounted in the upper dry stack); non-destructive (as a 10 Hz signal of 30mm water gauge is insufficient to Directional f bw valve (in Pressure generate more than a 1mm deflection in a fully charged transducer trap seal); and remote, as the operation may be controlled Data collection test mode) from afar (the Glasgow tests were run by computer link & signal to HWU in Edinburgh to prove this capability). generator Connection It is essential that academia works closely with its branch industrial partners in the broadest sense of that term. HWU and Studor have demonstrated the benefits of such partnerships by the development of new product and new design technologies and the introduction of a public health-enhancing remote sensing system to assess Amplifier Sinusoidal trap seal integrity. exciter HWU has also worked with major industry players, such as CaromaDorf in Australia (on low-flush WC John Swaffield John design and drainline carry) and Hepworth (now Wavin) on the waterless sheath trap development. It is hoped that these projects will encourage further industry-academia interactions, as both parties have much to learn and much to benefit from each other.l Further details of the partnership outcomes and HWU’s other research can be found in Transient airflow in building John Swaffield is emeritus professor at Heriot Watt drainage networks by John Swaffield, published by Spon, University. Steve White is technical manager at Studor, a manufacturer of air admittance valves. Baxi_LZC_CIBSE Journal_HalfDPS_JUNE 7/5/10 18:10 Page 1 April 2010. The No.1 choice for LZC solutions

Baxi Commercial Division now offers a comprehensive range of energy-efficient, low SOLARflo AMBIflo GEOflo A-Cubed Sirius SAT DACHS Mini-CHP carbon products designed to meet the latest Solar Thermal Package 20kW Air Source Heat Pump 21.3kW Ground Source Gas Absorption Heat Pump Heat Boxes with Wireless Combined Heat & Power A complete solar thermal solution Offers a solution for pre-heating Heat Pump Can deliver efficiencies of over 140% Data Transmission Europe’s biggest selling CHP product government directives. From Solar to CHP for both commercial condensing mains cold water to support Provides a “best in class” offering a significant reduction in An integrated solution for delivering offers energy cost savings together boiler and direct-fired water heating domestic hot water production via coefficient of performance of carbon emissions, ozone depletion and recording the heat energy with significant environmental benefits there is a solution to suit virtually every applications. Includes glazed flat a gas-fired water heater such as 4.7 when used with a low and global warming potential through consumed by an individual in the sub-10kW output range. plate or evacuated tube collectors, Andrews MAXXflo. temperature heat load such use of ammonia as the refrigerant. dwelling in a block of apartments commercial application. single/twin coil unvented cylinders, as underfloor heating. served by central boiler plant. expansion vessel and all accessories.

Visit the Andrews website to download Sales 0845 070 1056 or request your copy of the 2010 SizeIT CD which includes new Solar options Technical 0845 070 1057 www.baxi-senertec.co.uk www.pottertoncommercial.co.uk www.andrewswaterheaters.co.uk

CIBSEsep10 pp49-51 PHE supplement - drainage.indd 51 19/8/10 18:05:12 Opinion International rescue?

The selling of building drainage codes globally is causing more harm than good in the public health arena, but an answer may be at hand, says Peter White

hen working on international projects, one experience of similar ‘working’ buildings informed the of the first things you are likely to notice code. I would argue that the ‘well, they all work’ approach is the plethora of local and international is risky if it isn’t tempered with some consideration of the codes according to which we are required ‘home’ zone from which a particular code has evolved and Wto design the drainage. This is due to the codes of Europe, the type of buildings on which the code is based. Perhaps the US and Australia being sold internationally. It isn’t an even greater risk is when you are presented with several unreasonable to expect some variations to reflect local different international codes. custom and practice, and this wouldn’t be so difficult if Do you choose the one that you they more or less all said the same thing, but they don’t – feel is most relevant, the one The ‘well, they all far from it, especially where venting and building height that is least onerous, or cherry are concerned. pick the bits that suit you best work’ approach In his latest book, Transient Airflow in Building Drainage from each? is risky if it isn’t tempered Systems, John Swaffield, emeritus professor and former Obviously only one code head of the School of the Built Environment at Heriot- should be applied. However, with some consideration of Watt University, compares the five major codes used the temptation to use more than the ‘home’ zone from which internationally to design the drainage for a 20-storey one is enticing, because some residential block. These are: BS EN 12056-2:2000; AZ/ of what is written in the codes a particular code NZS 3500.2:2003; ASPE DATA book; Uniform Plumbing is nonsense. For example, the has evolved Code; and the International Plumbing Code. What Professor maximum 10-storey implied Swaffield found was that the documents all recommend restriction on the use of air different solutions, particularly in terms of vent stack admittance valves (AAV) in BS EN 12056 is arbitrary. It was requirement and size, the requirements for which range based on the fact that the largest hydraulic rig available for from none to 125mm. BBA testing was – you guessed it – 10-storeys! This rather suggests that some of the guidance may be Of course, if future codes were to be based on set design a little wide of the mark, but the question is whether or not parameters and analysis as opposed to what is observed to it is recommending under- or over-design. The latter is, of work, codes would become interchangeable, because the course undesirable, but the former risks expensive post- laws of physics don’t change from country to country. The construction problems. good news is that this may not be too far off. Heriot-Watt These various codes have all arrived at different design University has developed a computer simulation called solutions for two reasons; the first is because codes have AIRNET to model individual system behaviour, which evolved on the basis of translating what is observed to work could be used to inform the basis of a future code. AIRNET at the time into sets of rules – rules that become more and has already been used to develop the positive air pressure more detailed in response to the increasing complexity attenuator (PAPATM) device. This, in conjunction with AAVs, of systems. The second is because codes are written by can be used instead of traditional venting. committees, and the nature of committees leaves them prey PAPAsTM are currently being retrofitted to various to the influences of special and local interests. international projects that are experiencing problems with ‘Okay,’ I hear you say, ‘so if the codes are all based on drainage ventilation. I would speculate this is due in part to what works, then where (or what) is the issue?’ Well, if you the inappropriate application of existing codes – hopefully are using the local code in its home country and designing something that will no longer be an issue with the next something similar to the schemes that provided the generation of codes. l experience on which the code is based, you are not going to go far wrong. But if you use BSEN 12056 to design a 100-storey Peter White is public health principal at consulting engineers, tower in the Middle East, you have to ask yourself how much Hoare Lea.

52 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

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p53_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 53 13/8/10 09:55:14 istock/Sandsun

After the deluge?

A torrent of policy, regulations and standards designed and tested as a single unit to ensure the effective evacuation of the bowl and to minimise the need for the for sustainability have poured down on the user having to carry out a second fl ush. sector, but how have these impacted upon The CSH is endeavouring to reduce the consumption of water in the home from a previous average best practice in water effi ciency? A team of consumption of 135-150 litres per person per day to an specialists at Hilson Moran give their view aspiration of just 80 litres per person per day, in order to achieve Code levels fi ve and six. However, reducing the fl ow rates too stringently in showers, for example, could ngineers are striving to reduce flow rates all easily mean that people require a longer one to rinse off the time, while ensuring sanitary and drainage lather, so the anticipated water savings become rather systems function effectively, in a bid to meet self-defeating. Get it wrong in either environment and the challenges posed by BREEAM, the Code for the occupants will soon be changing the fi ttings, post ESustainable Homes (CSH) and the updated Part G of the occupancy. Building Regulations. Designers can’t afford to ignore what’s lurking But despite engineers conducting extensive below ground either. They need to look at the entire assessments of predicted water use and gaining post- installation, right down to the drainage level, to ensure occupancy water meter readings, it’s still difficult to that new sanitary ware won’t cause future problems. For know precisely what the population of a building will instance, there is no distinction in BREEAM between actually be and, therefore, exactly how much water is old and new buildings in terms of water consumption required. requirements. Water demand in a commercial offi ce building used However, retrofi tting modern low-fl ow fi ttings to work to be 40 litres per day per person, but this has reduced with an old drainage system could cause serious issues. dramatically over the last 10 years and is now thought to For example, older drainage systems that were designed be closer to 25 litres per person. to convey nine litres per WC fl ush can now be using just Credits are awarded under BREEAM, for example, for 4.5 litres today, causing solids to settle and increasing water conservation by encouraging reductions in water the risk of blockages, as well as changing the ratio of use, the use of low water use fi ttings, and through the sludge to liquid in the effl uent that arrives at the water detection of leaks. treatment works. But to make systems work at much lower fl ow rates, it To achieve the full three credits rating in BREEAM takes not just the right specifi cation of materials, but also Offi ces, engineers are obliged to incorporate rainwater the right communication with clients and end users. It’s harvesting and/or grey water recycling solutions into their also important at the design stage to ensure that the low design. However, this can be quite a challenge, especially fl ow rates being sought are refl ected in the architect’s in commercial buildings, which, generally speaking, have specifi cations, to ensure the sanitary ware selected is quite small roof areas relative to a building’s population. compatible with the system’s design. If incompatible In reality, rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling fi ttings are used, it can cause issues with water delivery. can only deliver a small percentage of the water required For example, the WC pan and cistern need to be by a multi-storey offi ce building.

54 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp54-55 PHE supplement - policy.indd 54 19/8/10 18:06:28 Public health Policy

For a high density commercial building (such as there is temptation to use this approach at the conceptual a compact, high rise, city centre development), the stage of the project. All of these can deliver very good rainwater harvesting system would achieve only 10% to theoretical results according to the rating system applied, Get it wrong 15% of the overall WC fl ushing demand of the building but very poor results in real-life performance. in either dependent upon the storage provision. In comparison, In situations like this, solutions may become driven by environment, for a low density commercial building of the same their credit-worthiness rather than best engineering or population (but low rise, with a larger roof area), the construction practice, or user needs – and sticking to the and the rainwater harvesting system could achieve between 40% letter of the CSH, or of BREEAM could instead lead to occupants and 50%. duplication of systems and increased capital costs. will soon be Given such percentages, any rainwater harvesting Of course, the latest changes to Part G of the Building system would actually need to be supplemented with Regulations will introduce water efficiency on a changing the fresh water, and pipework systems will, in part, need to be mandatory basis. With the exception of publicly funded fi ttings, post duplicated. A further irony is that, due to the increasing properties and the requirements of some planning occupancy trend for green roofs, there is also less run-off water authorities, until now the need to comply with CSH available for rainwater harvesting. Studies have also has been voluntary. But very soon, compulsory water shown that the run-off from green roofs can be too high effi ciency measures could have a massive impact on the in biological residues to be suitable for water fl ushing. design and construction of new homes. Grey water systems are technically more complex It remains to be seen whether this impact will create than rain water systems utilising either mechanical a long-term shift. After all, once you have completed filtration or settling tanks and UV treatment. These construction and achieved Part G, there is no way of require maintenance and supervision to ensure that the enforcing continued compliance. ● water is of suitable quality for distribution around the building. These systems also consume energy, which can Contributing authors, all from Hilson Moran: be similar to the energy consumed per cubic metre by a Chris Springett, senior associate public health design large scale water treatment plant. It could well be that the engineer; Andrew Russell, associate public health energy required to clean it is greater than the amount of design engineer; Steve Johnson, associate sustainability consultant; and Emma Flower, sustainability consultant. water it provides, so it might be a better investment in time and resources to reduce leaks in the mains water distribution network instead. All of this needs to be considered very closely by engineers, before assuming that rainwater or grey water harvesting automatically offers energy saving advantages. In domestic situations, rainwater harvesting is much simpler. A water butt provides a rough and ready solution for watering the garden. However, CSH applies equally Leaders in fluid pumping equipment and controls to an individual house as it does to a block of fl ats. This can create anomalies in the credits assigned for particular PREVENT practices. For example, in terms of rainwater recycling, it is obviously sensible to only recycle rain water at the Hydraulic lower levels within multiple dwelling developments to achieve a balance between the volume collected and Shock distribution effi ciency. In this situation, to obtain the required CSH credit for a dwelling not served by the rainwater harvesting system, it will be necessary to install low-fl ow water appliances, as the benefi t of the rainwater harvesting system cannot be averaged across the block. with the NEW Aquavent Other anomalies can be found within both the CSH and from Aquatech Pressmain

BREEAM Commercial. For example, Part L-compliant Hydraulic shock can occur after power failures software, such as TAS, estimates hot water consumption in high rise buildings due to vacuums occurring in the pipework risers. Without the correct controls based on metre square of fl oor area of a particular room philosophy on pump restart an increase in water pressure can cause hydraulic shock resulting in type. Therefore a hotel room hot water consumption burst pipes and dramatic flooding.

varies depending on the room size and not the number Aquatech Pressmain have developed of occupants or the type of fi ttings. Solar thermal and the Aquavent, which can be fitted to new and existing systems, to prevent this from happening. CHP systems must be confi gured based on the predicted water consumption requirements and therefore the Part To discuss your project please call: Head Office: 01206 215121 Manchester: 0161 226 4727 L results are not particularly suitable for sizing these email: [email protected] systems. However, with energy performance certifi cates www.aquatechpressmain.co.uk and energy strategies being based on Part L calculations,

www.cibsejournal.com ap90x133_cibse_supp_0910.indd 1 September 2010 10/08/2010CIBSE Journal 10:17 55

CIBSEsep10 pp54-55 PHE supplement - policy.indd 55 19/8/10 18:06:38 Electrical services Fault reduction Lurking faults Electrical engineers are facing increasing challenges to lower the risk of faults as more complex systems and services are installed in buildings. Tony Sung offers a guide to checking for faults

odern built environments are becoming currents. Protection of electrical installations against more complex as a wider range of fault currents in the built environment can range from When it services systems are being integrated simple dwellings to a highly complex type of building comes to under one roof – from lighting and power such as an airport or hospital. For simple domestic Mdistribution to intelligent control and data networks. dwellings that receive a single phase AC supply from operational risk This complexity is placing increasing challenges on the supply utility company, the fault current protection management, electrical designers and installers to provide clients design can be implemented using rules of thumb; protection with a carbon friendly, energy efficient, safe and robust advice is also available in guidance materials published against electrical electrical building services system. by trade bodies and professional learned societies. Any system downtime arising from electrical As for more-sophisticated buildings that contain faults is a top maintenance or clearance of faults needs to be HV/LV transformers and complex distribution priority minimised using a well-designed protection scheme: equipment on site, electrical building services engineers the impact of the downtime on the day-to-day activities are required to devise a bespoke overcurrents protection within the building – including potential loss of scheme to provide correct discrimination to disconnect revenues – has to be reduced to a minimum. Clearly, and isolate overcurrents and earth faults without when it comes to operational risk management, protection against electrical faults is a top priority. The duty of care that a professional engineer owes BS7671: 2008 – 17th edition IEE Wiring to the client cannot be delegated, which makes the Regulations states that: engineer responsible for producing a safe and robust Regulation 132.13 Documentation for the electrical design. On pages 58 to 59 we provide a simple 15-step installation ‘fault MVA (megavolt-ampere) calculation method’ Every electrical installation shall be provided with aimed at helping designers and installers to check appropriate documentation, including that required by the level of fault currents that could be lurking in an Regulation 514.9, Part 6 and where applicable Part 7. electrical system. Regulation 434.1 Determination of Prospective fault current Electrical standards The prospective fault current shall be determined at There are relevant national electrical rules such as every relevant point of the installation. This shall be BS7671 and NEC, and international standards from done by calculation, measurement or enquiry. the IEEE, IEC and BSI that designers and installers can use to ensure electrical equipment and cables (The authors acknowledge the permission granted by the IET to reproduce the above regulations from BS7671:2008) are adequately protected against dangerous fault

56 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSESep10 pp56-59 Sung.indd 56 8/19/10 5:32:03 PM Victaulic INSTALLATION-READY TECHNOLOGY Up to 10 times faster to install than other joining methods.

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causing unnecessary interruption to fault-unrelated services. While it is possible to use primary and secondary injection tests to check and commission the settings of an overcurrents protection scheme, no one has ever put the system online and slammed on it a bolted three-phase fault to prove it’s designed to withstand kA capacity. For a complex HV/LV electrical installation, a complete Fault Current Calculations Study is considered to be one of the most important electrical building services engineering activities that TIgHTeN IT designers and installers must get right in order to meet the life and property safety design requirements of an electrical installation.

Faults In an HV/LV electrical installation, there are fi ve types of electrical fault that can give rise to dangerously high energy fault currents: • A three-phase symmetrical fault; • A three-phase to neutral and/or earth symmetrical fault; • A double-phase asymmetrical fault; • A double-phase to neutral and/or earth asymmetrical fault; and NORTH AMERICA · UNITED KINGDOM · EUROPE • A single-phase to neutral and/or earth asymmetrical MIDDLE EAST · LATIN AMERICA · ASIA PACIFIC fault. Normally1 the three-phase symmetrical fault can provide the maximum prospective fault current for equipment fault rating selection purposes. It is a legal requirement2 that an electrical installation should be designed for safety under normal and abnormal (fault) conditions. To obtain the maximum and minimum >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 57

CIBSESep10 pp56-59 Sung.indd 57 8/19/10 5:32:23 PM Case study Fault MVA (megavolt-ampere) calculation: checking tool to help reduce electrical services technical risks

Figure 1 shows an electrical system deriving a 415V three-phase 50Hz a.c. supply from a 350MVA (fault MVA)

66kV grid supply. Usuffi x denotes the impedance voltage of the transformer and sub-transient reactance of the standby generator in percentage. The voltage values shown are line voltage and the ratings shown against the transformers and standby generators are the full load rating of the equipment. The steps for applying the Fault MVA calculation method for the system shown in Figure 1 are as follows:

Step 1: Fault MVA at location FA = 350MVA MVA 25 Step 2: Fault MVA of transformer T1 = TX = = 500MVA Uk–Tx 0.05 (V )2 11000 2 Step 3: Fault MVA of 0.1Ω 11kV distribution cable = LL = = 1210MVA ZCable 0.1 MVA 0.7 Step 4: Fault MVA of transformer T2 = TX = = 15.556MVA Uk–Tx 0.045 (V )2 4152 Step 5: Fault MVA of 0.01Ω 415V LV incoming cable = LL = = 17.223MVA ZCable 0.01 MVA 0.7 Step 6: Fault MVA of generator G = G = = 4.667MVA Uk–G 0.15 Step 7: The single line diagram is then converted into an equivalent Fault MVA single line diagram (see Figure 2) 6 MVAFault 350 x 10 Step 8: At location FA, the fault MVA = 350MVA, fault kA = = = 3.062kA 3 3 x VLL 3 x 66 x 10 1 1 1 1 Step 9: At location F the fault MVA = -1 = + + -1= 175.945MVA B (∑ MVA ) (350 500 1210 ) MVA 175.945 x 106 fault kA = Fault = = 9.235kA 3 3 x VLL 3 x 11 x 10 Step 10: When the mains is healthy, 1 1 1 -1 at location F the fault MVA = + + = 7.81MVA C (175.945 15.556 17.223 ) MVA 7.81 x 106 at location F fault kA = Fault = = 10.867kA C 3 3 x VLL 3 x 0.415 x 10

Step 11: When the mains is down and the supply at location FC is derived only from the standby generator, the fault MVA = 4.667MVA – the result is from Step 6. MVA 4.667 x 106 Hence, at location F , the generator fault kA = Fault = = 6.493kA C 3 3 x VLL 3 x 0.415 x 10 Step 12: Since when the mains supply is restored, the mains and the standby generator will be running in parallel for a short period before the standby generator is taken offl ine, the distribution equipment should be designed to cope with the sum of the maximum fault currents supplied by both energy sources. Therefore, maximum designed fault kA for the switchboard and circuit breakers at location Fc should have a fault capacity not less than (10.867kA + 6.493kA)=17.36kA. Maximum fault MVA is therefore 12.48MVA. Step 13: When the mains supply is restored, because of the short-time paralleling arrangement, fault

contributions from the standby generating set need to be added to location FB. 1 1 1 The fault MVA due to standby generator = + + -1= 2.971MVA ( 4.667 15.556 17.223 ) 6 MVAFault 2.971 x 10 therefore, at location FB fault kA = = = 0.156kA 3 3 x VLL 3 x 11 x 10

Step 14: Therefore location FB should have a fault capacity not less than (9.235kA + 0.156kA)=9.391kA due to fault current contributions from the standby generator. Maximum fault MVA is therefore 178.92MVA.

Step 15: At location FA the fault current contributions from the standby generator is attenuated to 25.8A. The fault withstand capacities should not be less than 3.088kA and 353MVA. The design check results are summarised thus:

Fault location FA FB FC Line Voltage 66kV 11kV 415V 3-phase fault kA 3.088kA 9.391kA 17.36kA 3-phase fault MVA 353MVA 178.92MVA 12.48MVA Fault MVA Calculation results for the electrical system shown in Figure 1

58 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSESep10 pp56-59 Sung.indd 58 8/19/10 5:32:53 PM Electrical services Fault reduction

Case study Fault MVA (megavolt-ampere) calculation: checking tool to help reduce electrical services technical risks It is a legal requirement that an electrical installation should be designed for safety under normal and abnormal [fault] conditions

> fault currents at relevant distribution points, designers and installers are strongly recommended to apply BS EN 60909-0 to perform detailed calculations of acceptable accuracy to select the settings for correct coordination of protective devices. Although there are many useful guidance materials on BS7671 from various authors available to assist designers and installers to calculate the prospective fault currents of an electrical installation, they are generally more applicable for smaller installations. l

References (1) In an electrical system such as a power station, with a near-to-source fault, if the system’s zero sequence 66kV 11kV 0.415kV impedance is small when compared with the positive G 0.1Ω 0.01Ω and negative sequence impedances, the single-phase ~ Tx1 Tx2 700kVA to neutral/earth fault can produce a fault current higher 350MVA U =15% k-g than the three-phase prospective fault current. 25MVA 700kVA U =5% U =4.5% (2) The UK’s Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 – F k-t x F k-t x F a b c Regulation 11, says: ‘Efficient means, suitably located, Figure 1 – Single-line diagram of a Fault MVA calculation case study shall be provided for protecting from excess of current every part of a system as may be necessary to prevent danger.’ 66kV 11kV 0.415kV 4.667 MVA 350 500 1210 15.556 17.223 ~ MVA MVA MVA MVA MVA CIBSE Electrical Services Group quiz What is the p.u. value of the equipment shown in Fa Fb Fc Figure 1 (in the main article) if the base MVA is Figure 2 – MVA equivalent single-line diagram chosen to be 100MVA: 1. Grid supply – (a) 3.5, (b) 0.286 or (c) 1.0? When the same set of base data was used, often the results of the Fault MVA 2. Transformer T1 – (a) 0.01, (b) 0.125, or (c) 0.2? calculation method were found to be accurate within a few percent of computer 3. 0.1Ω 11kV cable – (a) 12.1, (b) 0.0827 or (c) 6.05? calculations using industry standard electrical design software. Since most 4. Transformer T2 – (a) 6.428, (b) 12.85 or standard quality assurance procedures in engineering require designers and (c) 0.1556? installers to use a different method to verify the calculated results from the one 5. 0.01Ω 415V cable – (a) 0.581, (b) 58.1 or (c) 5.81? originally used, the use of Fault MVA calculation method would be a useful aid 6. Standby Generator – (a) 0.047, (b) 21.43 or for verifying e.g. BS7671, BS EN 60909-0 or IEEE calculation results derived from (c) 7.14? proprietary software. It is left for the reader to show that the p.u. analysis The reader should note that the Fault MVA calculation method shown in outcomes are similar to the one derived by the Fault here does not give precise fault kA values when compared with the classical MVA calclation method. fault calculation method (ie the per unit method1). It is suggested that the Fault MVA calculation method should be used by engineers and installers as a quick The answer will be posted on the CIBSE Electrical checking tool only. Services Group website: www.cibse-electricalservicesgroup.co.uk References (1) The Fault MVA calculation method uses a lumped impedance approach, which is only an approximation. The classical per unit method using symmetrical Tony Sung is chairman of CIBSE Electrical Services Group; component analysis technique can take the advantage of splitting the impedance Patrick YP Du is associate professor, Department of Building Services Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic into resistive and reactive components, hence BS EN 60909-0:2001 is more University; Kevin O’Connell is head of the Department accurate. of Electrical Services Engineering, Dublin Institute of Technology

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 59

CIBSESep10 pp56-59 Sung.indd 59 8/31/10 12:21:33 PM XBOXER XB2-5 low profile unit.

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p60_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 60 13/8/10 09:56:27 Ventilation 1 Building performance modelling Comfort zone? How easy is it to predict levels of human comfort when designing a naturally ventilated environment? Recent studies show that computer models used for such predictions are more accurate if they take human physiology into account, write Malcolm Cook, Paul Cropper and Tong Yang

atural ventilation is now frequently used in modern buildings either as the sole means of ventilation or as part of a mixed-mode strategy. Examples cover a wide range of Nbuilding sizes and categories, and include performing arts spaces, healthcare facilities and schools. Natural ventilation not only offers potential energy savings, but can also lead to greater occupant satisfaction resulting from higher indoor air quality and increased adaptive control. Occupants in such buildings often remark on the ‘airiness’ or ‘freshness’ of their environment. But what design tools do we have at our disposal for predicting comfort parameters in such spaces? Predicting the likely performance of buildings using computer simulation, both in terms of energy use and comfort, is now widespread practice in design consultancies around the world. This is particularly true when developing innovative strategies such as those that incorporate natural ventilation. In such cases, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often used to determine the likely performance of a design and to refine important parameters such as ventilation opening sizes and positions. In these simulations, the detail with which occupants are represented varies considerably, both in terms of geometrical form and conditions imposed at the surface of the occupant. Some cases use simple shaped blocks >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 61

CIBSEsep10 pp61-62,64 cook.indd 61 19/8/10 17:36:05 Ventilation 1 Building performance modelling

Air temperature predictions in a naturally ventilated classroom with ambient temperature of 21C. In this case, the predicted dynamic thermal sensation for the manikin was -0.73 (slightly cool) with a natural ventilation flow rate of 14 litres/s/person

> of constant temperature, others specify a constant heat In contrast, the work reported here uses a flux based on an assumption of the surrounding air computational manikin of human thermoregulation conditions. and thermal comfort embedded within the solution Some models pay little or no attention to the cycle of a CFD program to provide a fully coupled model radiation exchange with the environment or make capable of predicting the influence of temperature assumptions that lead to over-sizing of heating systems and velocity fields on human thermal comfort and the Taking human physiology or show up natural ventilation to be far less feasible effect of human metabolism and sweat excretion on the into account can help than it otherwise might be. In some cases, CFD models surroundings. This provides the opportunity to model when modelling for natural are used to derive empirically-based thermal comfort more realistic human geometries (and the boundary ventilation. PIctured is the Lee Valley indoor athletics parameters such as predicted mean vote (PMV) and layer flows and heat transfer associated with this) as stadium, east London predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) of occupants. well as the convection, radiation and moisture transfer between the body and the surrounding environment. The work uses the IESD-Fiala model (Fiala, 1998), which represents human thermal comfort using two interacting systems: the controlling active system; and the controlled passive system. The active system is a cybernetic model predicting the thermoregulatory defence reactions of the central nervous system such as shivering, skin blood flow and sweating. The passive system simulates the dynamic heat transfer phenomena that occur inside the body and at its surface. The model also incorporates a physiologically based thermal comfort model that predicts human thermal sensation responses in steady state and transient conditions. A wide range of commercial CFD codes are currently available, most of which provide facilities for the user to modify and extend the functionality of the CFD solver. In this project, model coupling between the ANSYS >

62 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp61-62,64 cook.indd 62 19/8/10 17:36:25 The EPIC Fan Coil Unit with the unique single fan deck

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 63

p63_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 63 13/8/10 09:57:13 Ventilation 1 Building performance modelling

CIBSE publications KS6 – Comfort KS16 – How to manage overheating in buildings Both are introductions and are available from the CIBSE bookshop at www.cibse.org/bookshop, £21 for members, and £42 for non-members.

Temperature distributions > CFX solver and the IESD-Fiala model is achieved using windows with cross ventilation to a stack driven purely around the IESD-Fiala model CFX Command Language (CCL), CFX Expression by buoyancy forces generated by the room occupants. compared with simplifi ed Language (CEL) and Junction Box routines. CCL is The detailed image is taken from a simulation that was shapes for occupants showing differences in used to defi ne numerical parameters for controlling used to investigate the differences exhibited by the new surface temperature and the coupled simulation, while CEL functions are used coupled system alongside a more traditional, simplifi ed buoyant plume structures to dynamically assign boundary conditions at the body shape model of a human with a constant heat fl ux. surface based on data from the IESD-Fiala model. Although still in progress, the work demonstrates Junction Box routines, linked to specifi c events in the how a coupled model approach can lead to a more CFD solution cycle, are used to extract information accurate prediction of the convective-radiative split at from the CFD solver and to exchange data with the the human body surface to generate a more buoyant thermal comfort model. plume and ultimately a greater ventilation rate in The coupled system begins by setting an initial guess buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. And if this is for the fl ow fi eld in the CFD model. In response to not enough to whet the appetite of CFD modellers, this, surface temperatures and perspiration rates are the coupled system also predicts dynamic thermal calculated for each of the 59 body parts by the IESD- sensation using one of the world’s most respected Fiala model and are passed to the CFD model to be used and widely validated cybernetic models of human heat as boundary conditions. Once the CFD solution has transfer and thermoregulation. achieved a suffi cient degree of stability, or convergence, The work continues and is now being enhanced information about the local environment close to the to include the effects of breathing to provide a more body surface is extracted by a Junction Box routine and accurate means of investigating indoor air quality and passed to the IESD-Fiala model, which determines pollutant dispersion. ● the body’s response to these new conditions. Updated surface temperatures and perspiration rates are then Dr Malcolm Cook and Dr Tong Yang are based at returned to the CFD model and the CFD solution the Department of Civil and Building Engineering, process resumed. Loughborough University, UK. Dr Paul Cropper is with the This data exchange is repeated until the coupled Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development at De Montfort University, UK. www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cv system achieves a sufficient degree of overall convergence; that is, when changes to the body surface temperatures between consecutive data exchanges Reference: and the CFD residual values (equation errors) are Fiala D. Dynamic Simulation of Human Heat Transfer and Thermal Comfort. PhD Thesis, De Montfort University, suffi ciently small. 1998. This two-way data transfer is thought to be particularly important when modelling naturally ventilated spaces Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the Engineering where air velocities are low, because the effect that a and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for human body has on the local environment is potentially supporting this research through grant ref. EP/C517520/2. more signifi cant than in other environments where The authors also wish to acknowledge the technical support provided by Dr Yehuda Sinai (formerly of CFX velocities are often higher. Technical Services, ANSYS Europe Ltd), Mr Chris Staples The two illustrations (see left and page 63) show the (CFX Technical Services, ANSYS Europe Ltd) and Dr coupled system in use to simulate natural ventilation Dusan Fiala (ErgonSim – Comfort Energy Effi ciency, Stuttgart, Germany). in a school classroom. The model comprises open

64 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp61-62,64 cook.indd 64 19/8/10 17:36:51 www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 65

p65_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 65 13/8/10 09:58:17 FLUE DILUTION FANS Your Alternative to a Chimney

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Ruskin Air Management Limited For more information, visit www.actionair.co.uk, email [email protected] or call 01227 276100 now.

66 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p66_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 66 13/8/10 09:59:50 Ventilation 2 Mechanical services Quest for airtight solutions hots up The latest changes to the Building Regulations will have key implications for the application of ventilation systems in homes, writes Lee Nurse of manufacturer Vent-Axia

hange is on the horizon. Next month the revised Part F (Means of Ventilation) and Part L (Conservation of Fuel and Power) of the Building Regulations come into force, Calong with five approved documents giving guidance. These look set to provide an essential step change in energy efficiency and a key stage towards reaching zero carbon homes in 2016. Part L and Part F are intrinsically linked; both documents feature a number of major revisions that include minimum energy efficiency levels for all ventilation systems. The new Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide, which accompanies Part L, highlights ventilation performance levels. Here, for the first time, a specific fan power requirement of less than 0.5 watt/sec is included for intermittent fans used in both refurbishments and new- build developments – a key factor when specifying fans. To lower dwelling emission levels further, homes need to be increasingly airtight, but not at the cost of good air quality. Changes to Part F therefore include ventilation rate guidelines for airtight properties with infiltration rates tighter than 5 cu m h/sq m at 50pa. For ventilation using either Intermittent System 1 or Passive Stack System Mechanical heat recovery with 2 approaches, in airtight dwellings the guidance ventilation will become more increases background ventilation rates by up to 50%. important as airtightness increases This looks set to cause some developers to re-evaluate in new homes, says Vent-Axia their designs and, in our view, is likely to move any new planning applications away from intermittent fans, As intermittent fans fall out of favour, changes to since the previous provisions in Approved Document Part F and Part L look set to increase the uptake of F 2006 have already been difficult to achieve when continuous ventilation since it performs better in SAP, using trickle ventilators in windows. is easier to specify and easier to standardise, as trickle Currently about 10% of new-build developments vents are not required. For Continuous Mechanical would require these increased airflow rates, and they Extract (System 3) approaches, the guidance removes are generally designed appropriately. Our belief is that the need for background ventilation in dwellings the new regulations will clarify any grey areas to ensure designed with infiltration rates above 5 cu m h/sq m. that as buildings become more airtight, ventilation It is likely that these factors, along with the Dwelling levels are maintained. Emission Rate (DER) benefits of using SAP Appendix >

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 67

CIBSEsep10 pp67-69 Ventaxia.indd 67 19/8/10 17:29:54 Shutterstock

The drive towards zero > Q, will combine to boost the adoption of whole-house Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning carbon homes will have mechanical extract ventilation systems (MEV and Compliance Guide has been introduced to ensure an impact on ventilation dMEV) and mechanical extract ventilation systems ventilation not only delivers the required airflow, but technologies, according with heat recovery (MVHR). also does it efficiently and quietly. The guide includes to manufacturers This changing trend from intermittent fans to checklists for declaration of the equipment, its continuous mechanical ventilation poses a potential performance, its commissioning, sign-off procedures noise issue in dwellings. However, this has already and paperwork completion to ensure performance and been addressed by some manufacturers and has led efficiency are met. to the development of new, quieter fans that can run This completed information must be sent to Building continually without disturbing householders. To ensure Control. With the post-completion testing, if ventilation this, Part F stipulatesBest that the noise in from continuousthe is designed to 5 cu m h/sq m and achieves down to mechanical ventilation systems should be below 35dBA three, then the ventilation will be adequate. on trickle speed. business Post-installation performance policing is critical to Meanwhile, for the first time Part F will require post- ensure air quality in increasingly airtight homes. This completion testing of ventilation equipment. The new is especially important with the increased adoption of

Best in the Design Service Engineers, “ Our clients can always Architects and Specifiers are business trust us to do a good, faced with demanding statutory responsibility combined with safe job – and that’s increasingly complex Building Regulations. For guaranteed what matters most.” peace of mind, always specify Damian Parkin an NICEIC registered contractor. AKD, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Crewe It’s no coincidence that 25,000 “ Knowing Bestthat inwe the are NICEIC of the best contractors in the UK are registered with NICEIC. business Our training, certification and Contractors gives you technical support is the best in the business. That’s why there’s no better choice than an NICEIC total peace of mind.” Registered Contractor. NICEIC Contractors – John Bell Best in the business AKD, Edinburgh, To find your local NICEIC Glasgow and Crewe Contractor click or call: www.niceic.com 0843 290 3393

CIBSEsep10 pp67-69 Ventaxia.indd 68 19/8/10 17:30:21 SP CIBSE 06.08.10.indd 1-2 11/8/10 14:05:41 Ventilation 2 Mechanical services

meets the requirements of Part F, contractors must be Approved Documents rigorous about key areas of each and every installation Changes Approved Documents (ADs) are government – the product, ductwork, the electrical fixing, system guidance on how to meet the legal requirements set balancing, control and maintenance. Here, best to Part F and out in the Building Regulations. ADs are intended practice is important to ensure not only that MVHR Part L look set systems are installed correctly, but that they are also to provide guidance for some of the more common to increase building situations. However, there may well be maintained correctly. In countries where MVHR is an alternative ways of achieving compliance with the established technology, contractors are heavily involved the uptake of requirements. Thus there is no obligation to adopt in after-sales maintenance, which can potentially offer continuous companies a new and successful revenue stream. any particular solution contained in an AD if you ventilation since prefer to meet the relevant legal requirement in With the Code for Sustainable Homes and the Building some other way. (Source: CIBSE) Regulations mapping out the coalition government’s it performs hopes for future carbon reductions, we need to prepare better in SAP now for the journey to zero carbon homes in 2016. highly efficient ventilation systems like MVHR, which As homes become inevitably more airtight to meet require trained competent installers. changes to the regulations, it will be essential to use Heat recovery systems are more complex to install energy efficient ventilation, such as MVHR. But than single fan solutions and need to be fitted correctly meeting the challenge of zero carbon homes is about to ensure performance, which is key when it comes more than just making a product selection; we also to lowering carbon emissions. Currently there is a need to work together to consider correct specification, shortage of skilled installers trained to fit MVHR, and commissioning and installed performance of products, without contractors undergoing training now, we look ongoing maintenance and system design, which are all set for a skills gap. necessary to meet our shared goal of achieving good low To help with this, Vent-Axia offers the BEAMA CPD carbon ventilation. l Best in the seminar to try to support the rapid rise in demand for MVHR systems, and is also working to develop a Lee Nurse is the chairman of The Electric Heating and Ventilation Association (TEHVA) ventilation committee business competency framework with the industry to help deliver and marketing director at Vent-Axia. a longer-term, better-integrated training solution. www.vent-axia.com To ensure the installed performance of MVHR units

Best in the Design Service Engineers, “ Our clients can always Architects and Specifiers are business trust us to do a good, faced with demanding statutory responsibility combined with safe job – and that’s increasingly complex Building Regulations. For guaranteed what matters most.” peace of mind, always specify Damian Parkin an NICEIC registered contractor. AKD, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Crewe It’s no coincidence that 25,000 “ Knowing Bestthat inwe the are NICEIC of the best contractors in the UK are registered with NICEIC. business Our training, certification and Contractors gives you technical support is the best in the business. That’s why there’s no better choice than an NICEIC total peace of mind.” Registered Contractor. NICEIC Contractors – John Bell Best in the business AKD, Edinburgh, To find your local NICEIC Glasgow and Crewe Contractor click or call: www.niceic.com 0843 290 3393

CIBSEsep10 pp67-69 Ventaxia.indd 69 19/8/10 17:30:36 SP CIBSE 06.08.10.indd 1-2 11/8/10 14:05:41 Products & Services Telephone: 020 7880 6206 Email: [email protected]

Towel rails from MHS Radiators MHS Radiators has supplied 544 electric-only Space towel rails to Strata SE1, London’s tallest residential tower, in Southwark. Nicknamed ‘the Razor’, the 148-metre-high, 43-storey Strata SE1 has three built-in wind turbines integrated into its façade. The 19kW wind turbines are expected to generate up to 50MWh of electricity annually. The development has focused on sustainability, incorporating whole house ventilation systems with heat recovery, a district heating system, low energy lighting and high Renewable energies heat performance glazing. National Welsh Heritage Centre l For more information visit www.mhsradiators.com Award-winning building controls specialist, BG Controls, has installed the controls to enable an eco-friendly new heating system at JS Air Curtains at Hope University the picturesque Welsh Language and Heritage JS Air Curtains has supplied a Rotowind Centre in Pwllheli. Based in a former granite- air curtain for a revolving door at Hope quarrying village on the northern coast of Llyn University in Liverpool. It was installed by Peninsula, the heritage centre specialises in M&E contractor, HE Simm, and is helping intensive Welsh language courses. As well as to maintain internal temperatures at the residential Welsh language classes, there's new Registry Building. Although revolving also conference facilities, a heritage centre and doors offer some protection from the outside visitor shop all on site. elements, they also act like a slow-moving fan, l For more information call +44 (0)1909 dragging in cold air with every rotation. An air 517460 or visit www.bgcontrols.co.uk curtain prevents this cold air from entering the building. l For more information email mverney@ jsaircurtains.com or call +44 (0)1903 858656

Alpha packages help HA properties achieve CSH Level 3 Alpha Heating Innovation’s FlowSmart and SolarSmart packages have been installed in housing association properties in the city of Rochester. The products went a long way to helping them achieve Code for Sustainable Danlers lighting controls help Homes Level 3 without needing to go ‘over reduce Clarks’ footprint the top’ in terms of the building fabric Danlers UK-manufactured passive infra-red specification. This led to cost savings, and (PIR) occupancy switches have been installed will also help keep ongoing gas bills to a at Clarks’ headquarters in Street, Somerset, minimum. to promote energy efficiency in their offices. l For more information call +44 (0)1732 Project contractors KDR Electrical Services 783001 or visit www.alpha-innovation.co.uk said: 'We have always found Danlers products reliable and never have problems with them. Their after-sales service has been excellent, Major Line comfort units and when we have had technical questions, from CIAT Ozonair the help has been good. We would have Sleek, modern design combined no hesitation in recommending Danlers with technology makes CIAT Ozonair’s products and will continue to use them for the new Major Line range a revolution in foreseeable future.’ comfort units. The products were supplied to KDR A product of CIAT’s sustainable Electrical Services by Edmundson Electrical development philosophy, Major Line of Bridgewater. Danlers PIRs help to reduce consumes 20% less electricity than its energy bills and carbon emissions by turning predecessors and is extremely quiet in the lights on and off automatically through operation. It also filters indoor air to movement detection. This prevents lights protect the well-being of occupants. The being left on unnecessarily when an area is range offers a broad range of cooling vacant. Every Danlers PIR also has a photocell capacities up to 10kW, and includes an that prevents the load coming on when there is array of innovations. already sufficient light in the area. l For more information call l For more call +44 (0)1249 443377, visit www. +44 (0)1883 621015 danlers.co.uk or email [email protected]

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CIBSEsep10 pp70-73 products.indd 70 19/8/10 18:08:42 Products & Services Telephone: 020 7880 6206 Email: [email protected]

UK’s first online task management system Energy efficient Dimplex air Mechanical and electrical companies across the UK can now benefit from curtains can help hit CRC targets TaskAdviser – the UK’s first online task management system. Owned by Large organisations across the public and MMB Software Ltd, TaskAdviser enables M&E companies to automate the private sectors are actively looking for ways production of job sheets and invoicing. Maintaining such control over the to reduce their energy consumption, and business is vital for the success of any enterprising M&E firm. Dimplex air curtains can help by creating a l For more information visit www.taskadviser.com or stream of fast-moving air that stops treated air email [email protected] from escaping through open doorways. Specifying air curtains, or upgrading them to more efficient units, can offer a fast and TITAN Products expands energy easy way to reduce the energy required to efficient BACnet range maintain a comfortable indoor environment. l For more information call +44 (0)1489 TITAN Products announces the release of 773336, email [email protected] or two new BACnet enabled control products visit www.dimplex.co.uk operating to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135. The CCI-2X485 is a Modbus to BACnet gateway, with a 128 Modbus object mapping capability, and is designed to interface third party Modbus control products onto a BACnet system. The CCI-2242 BACnet controller is a multi-purpose product with inputs and outputs that can be used to monitor and control building services plant or configured to customer specific applications. Ultramax WM from MHS Boilers l For more information visit The competitively priced and popular www.titanproducts.com Ultramax WM high efficiency condensing or call +44 (0)161 406 6480 boiler from MHS Boilers now comes with a Aggreko opens new national two-year full parts and labour guarantee, as rental centre well as its first annual service, included as Aggreko, the global leader in temporary standard. power and temperature control solutions, The inclusion of the first year service on has opened its new National Rental Centre the Ultramax WM has been widely welcomed. in Cannock, Staffordshire. The move brings Additionally, the full guarantee and annual together the 24/7 operations centre and head service can be extended with one of MHS office for Northern Europe and signals the Boilers’ maintenance and service packages. company’s long-term commitment to the l For more information visit UK and European markets, despite the www.mhsboilers.com tough economic conditions facing many industry sectors. l For more information call +44 (0)8458 247365, email [email protected] or visit Bio-fuel Boilers from Atlantic www.aggreko.co.uk Atlantic’s R Series, dual-fuel, year-round maximum condensing boiler, can burn rapeseed oil, natural gas, vegetable and waste oils, LPG or kerosene in a clean manner and within EU NOx emission standards. For all these fuels, efficiencies exceed 92% GCV and can rise up to 99.5% GCV. The boiler will condense to its maximum efficiency, even at 82ºC flow and 71C return. For combustion air at inlet temperatures below 30C, efficiencies always exceed 92%. l For more information email [email protected] or visit www.atlanticboilers.com

Green heating from leftover timber Green and Easy is a distributor of green products for the home and garden and so naturally took to the idea of using their wood waste usefully to heat its small warehouse. The heat comes from a Fabbri wood burning heater, distributed in the UK and Ireland by Euroheat, suitable for burning all types of dry wood and secondary waste wood, like broken pallets. Efficiency is high – around 83% – and heating starts 15 minutes after lighting. l For more info visit www.euroheat.co.uk or call +44 (0)1885 491100

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High efficiency RDM controls Armstrong integrated heating for new Aviva Stadium solution speeds London Dublin’s new Aviva Stadium is equipped with 64 apartment block refurb cold rooms, all controlled by an RDM Data Manager. When property management company PCP The installation required 8km of ethernet cabling to took over an old building that had been a connect the refrigeration systems and controls. It hostel for nurses at the Royal Free Hospital, supports the stadium’s vast catering facility, which it had an ambitious scheme in mind. serves 50,000 capacity crowds. Martin Kerr, of installer The 1907 building, Ornan Court, is in the Montgomery Refrigeration, said: 'The RDM controls desirable Belsize Park area of London. ensure it operates at peak performance, minimising Armstrong’s award-winning MBS integrated energy costs and pinpointing any potential issues. heating solution was specified, and was a l For more information call +44 (0)141 810 2828 great success. l For more information call +44 (0)161 223 2223, email [email protected] or visit Planor SR revamped with LEDs www.armstrongintegrated.com Thorn’s Planor SR now employs LED technology to guarantee lighting quality. The lay-in 600mm sq luminaire uses a dimmable Cree 58W LED module with active colour management and a micro prismatic lighting technique that regulates the light. This ensures colour temperature stability of ICS (Eastern) provides critical 3500K through life, a colour rendering index controls at Frimley Park Hospital (CRI) of 92 and reduced glare. It solves one of Building controls expert, ICS (Eastern), those eternal problems – how to give even yet has installed a new building management 'soft’ lighting over an entire desk surface. system in six operating theatres for Frimley l For more information visit Park Hospital in Surrey. This included the www.thornlighting.co.uk automation of several of the theatres’ special ‘air curtains’ around operating tables to help keep infection at bay. These are connected to the system and can be easily accessed by the surgeon. The display screen allows Fläkt Woods introduces industry the surgeon to view the temperature in the first scrappage scheme operating theatre and adjust accordingly. lFor more information call +44 (0)1603 Fläkt Woods has introduced an industry first: 879510 or visit www.ics-eastern.co.uk a scrappage scheme for fans, offering a 10% discount to any customers replacing their old fan with the new ‘Twist Wing’ fan, and Dimplex pumps to create the company also guarantees to completely mega heat at college recycle the removed fan. A new college campus being constructed in To assist the increased need for low energy Luton has used Dimplex ground source heat options, Fläkt Woods has developed a unique pumps to help meet its twin objectives of energy design for a mounting configuration named efficiency and sustainability in a large-scale 1.5MW Twist Wing, which can accommodate foot installation. mounted IE2 category motors and maintain As part of the Building Schools for the Future high fan efficiencies. initiative, the £56m development will see a new l For more information call +44 (0)1206 Luton Sixth Form College built. The design consists 222549 or email [email protected] of 28 ground source heat pumps ranging in size from 11kW to 75kW. l For more information call +44 (0)1489 773336, email [email protected] or visit www.dimplex.co.uk

Classroom ventilation units Aircraft Air Handling’s 260mm-high classroom ventilation units: silenced to nr25; plate recuperator 60% efficient; air volume 0-500 litres. Heating: LPHW/ELECTRIC. Cooling: CW/DX. Larger air volumes and bespoke units are available. l For more info visit www.aircraftairhandling.com

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New Grundfos web portal KNX technology provides Enter the Grundfos’ web portal and see how this link can complete control help to simplify pump selection: A complete home • Product information on specific Grundfos pump families automation and their areas of application; system at a • Quick pump selection – in just a few clicks allows you private house in to select pumps that will meet the needs of your Leicestershire particular application; has been • Downloads – quickly find and download all the completed by information you need when you need it; and KNX UK member • Lexicon – a quick reference guide to both familiar and and building less familiar industry terms. automation l Visit www.grundfos.com/commercialbuilding or call +44 specialist Design (0)1525 850000 Innovation. The company was contracted to undertake Hospital heating update a complete turnkey solution, A major overhaul of the heating system at St Ann’s Hospital, Tottenham including electrical installation. KNX was completed in December. Working in conjunction with Broag-Remeha, technology has been used extensively in Kirkfields Heating Services of Enfield specified a mix of both commercial the property to control lighting, blinds, and domestic boilers from the Remeha product range. Replacing curtains, heating and hot water. The scheme outdated systems, a total of 14 Remeha boilers from across the Quinta incorporates halogen and LED light sources. range and one Gas Eco 610 now serve a variety of areas throughout the l For more information call +44 (0)845 869 hospital complex. 5908, email [email protected] or visit l For more information visit www.remeha.co.uk. www.knxuk.org

Your guide to building services suppliers Your guide to building services suppliers Directory Telephone: 020 7880 6206 Email:Directory [email protected] Telephone: 020 7880 6206 Email: [email protected] Air Conditioning Air Handling CAD Services Fluid Flow Air Conditioning Air Handling CAD Services Fluid Flow CadEURO CadDraughtingEURO Services Draughting Services A leading supplier of quality Manufacturer of high quality bespoke AHU’s • Building Services Work HVACA leading and Fluid supplier Flow of equipment quality Manufacturer ofand high fan quality coils. bespoke AHU’s • BuildingUndertaken Services Work HVACfor residential, and Fluid Flow commercial equipment Specialists inand refurbishment fan coils. and site • Undertaken2D Draughting andfor residential, industrial applications. commercial • 3D Autocad MEP Specialistsassembly in refurbishment projects. and site • 2D Draughting and industrial applications. • 3DRecord Autocad Drawings MEP Our commitment is to provide assembly projects. Expedient delivery service available. • RecordExcellent Drawings Rates & Turnaround Ourinnovation, commitment effi ciencyis to provide and ExpedientAircraft delivery Air Handling service available.Ltd • ExcellentService Rates & Turnaround sustainabilityinnovation, toeffi our ciency customers and • MEP BIM Services UnitAircraft 20, MoorfieldAir Handling Ind LtdEst, Service sustainabilityon a global to our scale. customers CotesUnit Heath, 20, Moorfield Stafford, Ind ST21 Est, 6QY Contact• MEP Stephen:- BIM Services on a global scale. Tel: 08444 145 145 Tel:Cotes 01782 Heath, 791545 Stafford, Fax: 01782 ST21 6QY791283 ContactT: 020 7043 Stephen:- 7491 F: 020 7043 7493 Fax:Tel: 08444 145 145146 Tel:Email: 01782 [email protected] 791545 Fax: 01782 791283 T: 020 7043 7491 F:E: [email protected] 7043 7493 Email:Fax: [email protected] 08444 145 146 Web: www.aircraftairhandling.com Email: [email protected] E:W: [email protected] Web:Email: www.armstrongintegrated.com [email protected] Web: www.aircraftairhandling.com W: www.cadeuro.co.uk Web: www.armstrongintegrated.com

Energy Effi ciency LST Radiators Pump Packages Energy Effi ciency LST Radiators Pump Packages

LST Radiators Range of modelsLST to Radiatorssuit Ground Source Heat Pump Rangeall budgets of models and applications to suit Leaders in fluid pumping equipment and controls Ground Source Heat Pump allEasy budgets installation – and ready assembledapplications Installations Leaders• Water in fluid Pressure pumping equipment Booster and Sets controls BSRIAEasy installation tested outputs – ready and assembled surface temperatures Installations • Water Pressure Booster Sets SteriTouch®BSRIA tested antimicrobial outputs and surfacessurface temperatures as standard • Sealed System Pressurisation Units Meeting Renewables Targets •• SealedTank Level System & Temperature Pressurisation Controls Units Meeting Renewables Targets EnergySteriTouch® efficient antimicrobial copper aluminium surfaces emitters as standard AttractiveEnergy efficient yet functional copper aluminiumdesign emitters • Tank Level• Energy & Temperature Efficient Controls Attractive yet functional design • Bespoke• Energy Design Efficient Service • Bespoke Design Service Tel: 02392 450889 Call 01787 274135 www.autron.co.uk To discuss your project please Tel: 02392 450889 To discusscontact your Jim projectRusbridge please Fax: 02392 471319 Call 01787 274135 www.autron.co.uk Fax: 02392 471319 Headcontact Office: Jim01206 Rusbridge 215121 www.groenholland.co.uk Certificate Number MCS 1201 email:Head [email protected] Office: 01206 215121 Heat Pumps www.groenholland.co.uk Certificate Number MCS 1201 www.aquatechpressmain.co.ukemail: [email protected] Heat Pumps www.aquatechpressmain.co.uk

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Directory September.indd 53 12/8/10 12:34:31 Directory September.indd 53 12/8/10 12:34:31 74 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p74_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 74 13/8/10 10:00:39 CPD Programme CPD Programme

The CIBSE Journal CPD Programme programme is free and can be used by any Members of the Chartered Institution of reader. It is organised jointly by CIBSE Journal Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and other and London South Bank University, and will professional bodies are required to maintain help you to meet CIBSE’s requirement for their professional competence throughout CPD. It will equally assist members of other their careers. Continuing professional institutions, who should record CPD activities development (CPD) means the systematic in accordance with their institution’s guidance. maintenance, improvement and broadening Simply study the module and complete the of your knowledge and skills, and is therefore questionnaire on the final page, following the a long-term commitment to enhancing your instructions for its submission. Modules will competence. CPD is a requirement of both remain available online at www.cibsejournal. CIBSE and the Register of the Engineering com/cpd while the information they contain Council (UK). remains current. You can also undertake the CIBSE Journal is pleased to offer this questionnaire online, and receive your results module in its CPD programme. The by return email.

Renewable and efficient heating Since heat pumps are now officially recognised by the UK government and European Union as renewable energy, they qualify for the latest incentive initiative that will come into effect from April 2011. Called the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), it gives a fixed payment for the renewable heat generated in building. This CPD article will look at the implications of the RHI and compare some renewable heat producing options for a particular commercial building, in the light of the latest information available. Renewable heat provision includes air/ground source heat pumps, solar thermal, biomass boilers, renewable CHP and use of biogas/bioliquids.

he Renewable Heat Incentive is a been finalised by the UK government, so Microgeneration Certification Scheme or fixed payment for the renewable heat there is some doubt as to the precise content equivalent standard; generated and is similar to the Feed- of the scheme. • The proposal is that payments are made in Tariffs (FiTs), a comparable scheme Under current proposals – subject to any annually for a number of years, for forT electricity which went live in April 2010. changes implemented by this autumn’s equipment below 45kW and quarterly for It has done more than anything else to government spending review – the key larger systems. Payments will be subject accelerate the installation of renewable elements of the RHI include the following: to conditions such as continued operation energy capacity in Europe. • The scheme will support a range of and maintenance of the equipment; While the Renewable Heat Incentive renewable technologies including air- and • Payments will be made on the amount of (RHI) is very similar to FiTs, there are some ground-source heat pumps, solar thermal, predicted heat output generated in kWh important differences due to the fact that biomass boilers, renewable CHP and use when installed; and nearly every building in the UK generates of biogas/bioliquids; • RHI will remain open to new projects until its own heat from a gas or oil boiler. In • RHI payments will be claimed by and paid 2020 and eligible installations completed other words, there is no national grid for to the owner of the equipment; after 15 July 2009 will benefit from the heat, and so importing and exporting heat • In small and possibly medium-sized scheme. is irrelevant. installations, installers and equipment Figure 1 indicates the proposed tariff levels To date the details of the scheme have not will have to be certified under the within the RHI consultation document. >

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> However, these are not final and may be source heat pump would be 4.5 to 5.0. This moved up or down. means that, for every kW of electrical energy Heat pumps have already proved their to drive the heat pump, 3.5 to 5.0kW of heat worth as energy efficient cooling and is generated (ie, an overall ‘point of use’ heating systems for today’s buildings. With efficiency of 350% to 500%). the latest development of ‘heating-only’ In order to maximise COP it is necessary heat pumps designed to take the place of to minimise the temperature difference the heating-only gas boiler, or the biomass/ between the heat source and the heating biogas system, there is now an alternative requirement. CIBSE Guide F: Energy renewable technology to be considered. For Efficiency in Buildings, states that for every 1C the forseeable future it seems likely that all increase in this temperature difference the the renewable technologies will have specific heat pump requires 3% more energy to drive A fairly typical office building may be able to make applications that benefit most from the it. Design and specification for a heat pump use of an air-to-water heat pump particular technology. system is therefore vital, as is commissioning For example, biomass may be best for and maintenance of the installed system. 200kW, to meet the heating demand, the projects that require large amounts of hot In his book, Sustainable Energy – Without following systems can be considered: water, such as hospitals. In the size range 50 the Hot Air, Professor David MacKay • Air-to-water heat pump comprising an to 200kW heating capacity, heating-only heat maintains that heat pumps are superior in outdoor unit and two water heating units; pumps offer ease of design and installation, efficiency to condensing boilers, even if the • A biomass, wood pellet-burning boiler; and ease of operation and maintenance, and heat pumps are powered by electricity from • A condensing gas boiler. flexibility in heat source (ground or air). In a power station burning natural gas. In the The heat pump system is shown in Figure 2 a comparison between heat pumps and gas- CIBSE Journal August 2010, Huw Blackwell and the biomass cycle in Figure 3. Biomass fired boilers, the most efficient gas boiler of Hoare Lea compares the performance of is a biological material such as wood, waste provides 93 units of heat for 100 units of gas heat pumps with combined heat and power, or biogas and is a renewable energy source. input, while a heat pump operating at a COP and drawing out some of the practical points A biomass boiler is regarded as a zero carbon (see below) of 3.5 can produce the same 93 about heat pumps that can adversely affect technology and the cycle between production units of heat from 53 units of gas input. their efficiency, such as the need for defrosting and absorption of CO2 is short in comparison The principles of operation of a heat pump the outside heat source coil when the ambient with other fuels. have been well documented in previous CPD drops below about 5C. A further article in In this example, the costs for the biomass articles, the most recent being the February the same Journal issue, ‘Gaining Ground, system are based on the Biomass Heating 2010 issue, ‘Design of air-source heat pumps Heat Pumps 2 Specification’, acknowledges Guide CTG012 produced by the Carbon for heating and hot Water’. The performance the growth that has taken place in the heat Trust. The tariffs and emissions factors in of a heat pump is defined by its COP pump market and again emphasises the Figure 4 are based on information in the SAP (coefficient of performance), which is the need for good design at the building stage 2009 version 9.90(March 2010) document. ratio between useful heat output and the total before selecting the appropriate heating Figures 5 to 8 speak for themselves with energy input (normally electrical energy) to technologies. regard to comparative costs, efficiency and drive the system. A typical seasonal value of emissions. COP for an air-source heat pump providing Comparing renewable technologies Note that the water flow temperatures hot water at 40C in an ambient of 0C would If we take a fairly typical office building of achievable for the three options are: be 3.5 to 4.0. A typical value for a ground about 2,800 sq m and a design heat load • Heat pump 55C • Biomass boiler 90C Technology Scale Tariffs (pence/kWh) Tariff lifetime (years) • Gas boiler 85C Small installations There are several issues that need to be Solid biomass Up to 45kW 9 15 addressed when using biomass boilers. In Biodiesel (restricted use) Up to 45kW 6.5 15 urban and inner city areas delivery and storage Biogas on-site combustion Up to 45kW 5.5 10 of the fuel is a problem, even prohibiting its Ground-source heat pumps Up to 45kW 7 23 application in some cases. There can also Air-source heat pumps Up to 45kW 7.5 18 be a problem in rural areas where delivery Solar thermal Up to 20kW 18 20 involves long transport distances for the Medium installations fuel, resulting in an overall increase in CO2 Solid biomass 45kW–500kW 6.5 15 emissions for the application. Biogas on-site combustion 45kW–200kW 5.5 10 Maintenance and testing of a biomass Ground-source heat pumps 45kW–350kW 5.5 20 boiler and associated equipment is generally Air-source heat pumps 45kW–350kW 2 20 greater in time and cost than heat pumps Solar thermal 20kW–100kW 17 20 or gas boilers. Should biomass installations Large installations increase significantly in the future, there Solid biomass 500kW and above 1.6 - 2.5 15 may come a point where the UK cannot Ground-source heat pumps 350kW and above 1.5 20 meet the fuel demand and the fuel has to be Biomethane injection All scales 4 15 imported. This again would increase the CO2 Figure 1: Proposed tariff levels for the Renewable Heat Incentive Source: RHI consultation document emissions.

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£160,000 Commercial Heating Design £140,00 – Heat Pump £120,000 Heat Pump Outdoor Units £100,000 £80,000 Cost (£) Cost £60,000

£40,000 AW750 £20,000

AW500C £0 Commercial Heating Biomass Boiler Gas Boiler – Heat Pump

Figure 5: Capital and installation costs Refrigerant Pipes

£30,000

£25,000 Indoor Heat Pump Boiler Units £20,000

£15,000

Annual Run Costs (£) Annual Run Costs £10,000 Figure 2: Heat pump water system £5,000

£0 Commercial Heating Biomass Boiler Gas Boiler – Heat Pump From the example used, while the heat Electricity Wood Gas pump solution has many points in its Pellets Figure 6: Annual running costs favour, it is important to emphasise the need Tariff (p/kWh) 13 4 5 CO2 Emission 0.544 0.026 0.184 to consider all options for each building Factor (kg/ application. It would seem that the future kWh) 100,000 90,000 will include heating solutions that make use 80,000 of each of the renewable technologies. The Figure 4: Assumed fuel tariffs 70,000 following points should be considered: 60,000 50,000 • Capital and installation costs are similar for 40,000 30,000 heat pump and biomass boiler, but the gas © Terry Welch Annual CO2 Emissions (kg) 20,000 boiler has signifi cantly lower costs; 10,000 0 • The heat pump system costs the least to run References: Commercial Heating Biomass Boiler Gas Boiler on an annual basis, though very similar to CIBSE Journal August 2010, CIBSE News – Heat Pump the gas boiler. Biomass has higher running editorial Figure 7: Annual CO2 emissions and maintenance costs; Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, • A biomass boiler has the lowest CO2 David MacKay, www.withouthotair.com emissions by far, though fuel transport is CIBSE Journal August 2010, Sustainability 5 4.5 not included; without the hot water, Huw Blackwell 4 3.5 • Heat pumps have the highest efficiency CIBSE Journal August 2010, Gaining 3 by far, but this can easily be reduced with ground, Heat pumps 2 article 2.5 2 poor design/application/commissioning Mitsubishi CPD 30, Information Guide, ciency (SCOP) Effi 1.5 1 and maintenance; and Commercial heating, 2009 0.5 0 • Gas boilers occupy the least space, though the Mitsubishi presentation, Commercial Commercial Heating Commercial Heating – Biomass Boiler Gas Boiler – Heat Pump Heat Pump entire heating system is comparable to heat heating analysis, 2010 (Air to Water) (Ground to Water) pumps, while biomass boilers and ancilliary Renewable Heat Incentive, equipment occupy the most space. www.rhincentive.co.uk Figure 8: Seasonal effi ciency

Fuel Storage

FES Atmospheric carbon dioxide, Heat water and sunlight Exchanger

Supply and return Auto Ash Auger pipework to building hot water and heating distribution systems Auto Biomass Boiler Carbon released Converted into new plant material Feed

back into the atmosphere through photosynthesis Auger Boiler Room

Ash Tank Harvested and burnt

Figure 3 The biomass cycle and system

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Module 20 September 2010 ______

1) Which of the following is not a key element of the Renewable Name (please print)...... Heat Incentive scheme?

A The scheme is the same as the Feed-in Tariff scheme Job title...... B The scheme will support a range of renewable technologies Organisation...... C RHI payments will be claimed and paid to the owner of the equipment Address...... D Payments will be made on the amount of heat output generated in kWh when installed ...... E In small installations, installers and equipment will have to be certified under the Microgeneration Certification ...... Scheme or equivalent standard Postcode...... 2) What is the proposed RHI tariff for a 40kW air source to water heat pump? Email ...... A 5.5p/kWh Are you a member of: B 6.5p/kWh C 7.5p/kWh CIBSE D 7.0p/kWh If so, please state your membership number E 2.0p/kWh (if available)...... 3) What is the maximum flow water temperature from a biomass boiler?

A 80C Other institution B 70C (please state)...... C 55C D 90C To help us develop future CPD modules, please indicate your E 85C primary job activity:

4) In the case study of this article, what is the seasonal efficiency of Building services engineer a ground source to water heat pump? Mechanical engineer A 3.5 Electrical engineer B 5.0 Commissioning engineer Energy manager C 2.0 Facilities manager D 0.9 Other (please give details)...... E 6.0 If you do NOT wish to receive information about Mitsubishi Electric, 5) Which of the following statements is not true? the sponsors of this CPD module, please tick here:

A Capital costs are similar for both heat pumps and By entering your details above, you agree that CIBSE may contact you from time to time with biomass boilers information about CPD and other training or professional development programmes, and B Gas boilers occupy the least space, though the entire about membership of CIBSE if you are not currently a member. heating system is comparable to heat pumps C The biomass boiler has the highest CO2 emissions Please go to www.cibsejournal.com/cpd to complete this questionnaire online. You will receive notification by email of D The heat pump system costs the least to run on an successful completion, which can then be used to validate your annual basis CPD records in accordance with your institution’s guidance. E Heat pumps have the highest efficiency compared with biomass or gas boilers Alternatively, you can fill in this page and post to: . N Hurley, CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS

78 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

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p79_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 79 13/8/10 10:03:48 Looking ahead Events & Training

NATIONAL EVENTS AND Julie Kane, [email protected] Conference: what’s new about Part L? CONFERENCES l 19 Oct 2010 Energy in Lighting London Paul DeCort will l 18 Sep 2010 The YEN Autumn Carbon Reduction Commitment address delegates at Ball Cambridge and design. [email protected] CIBSE’s conference on l Young Engineers Network event. 28 Oct 2010 SLL Masterclass Part L in October www.cibse.org/yen – The Low Carbon Challenge l 22-24 Sep 2010 National Leeds Housing Federation Annual Julie Kane, [email protected] Conference Birmingham Affordable housing event. CIBSE regions www.housing.org.uk l 01 Oct 2010 CIBSE Intelligent l 15 Sep 2010 The benefits Buildings Seminar London of stainless steel in above- Saving costs and delivering and below-ground drainage sustainability. www.cibse.org/ibg applications Manchester l 01-02 Oct 2010 AECB Speakers: Frank Netherwood and Anniversary Conference Powys Simon Vautrey (Blucher UK). Talks, workshops, demonstrations [email protected] To help prepare for the these revisions. Speakers include: and more. www.aecb.net l 16 Sep 2010 Update on updated Part L of the Building Paul DeCort (above), from the l 05 Oct 2010 Solids Handling changes to Building Regulations Regulations, CIBSE is holding Department of Communities and and Processing Association Part L 2010 Chichester a one-day conference on Local Government, who will give (SHAPA) Knowledge Conference An overview of the likely changes. 19 October in London. an overview of the changes to Loughborough Malcolm Atherton 0161 872 4811 The changes will prove to be the regulations, standards and One day conference. l 17 Sep 2010 Southern Region the toughest yet, as part of the guidance; and Paul Davidson, www.shapa.co.uk Golf Challenge Chichester government’s plan for lower of BRE, who will be speaking on l 07 Oct 2010 CIBSE/ASHRAE A fun golfing day out. carbon buildings. Attendees will modelling and the impact on Graduate Award London [email protected] gain an understanding of the EPCs. Five finalists will give presentations l 21 Sep 2010 UPS and IT Data differences between the new The conference will also before the winner is announced. Centres Northampton regulations and the current ones. highlight case studies showing www.cibseashrae.org Further details to be advised. Industry professionals will how the 2010 version will affect l 08 Oct 2010 President’s [email protected] highlight the impact these designs. Terry Wyatt, consultant Awards Dinner London l 17 Nov 2010 Energy Efficiency changes will have on the industry, to Hoare Lea, will chair the event. Includes the presentation of the Opportunities from Zip Heaters along with other critical issues, The conference will take place CIBSE Undergraduate Award. Manchester such as the financial and practical at the RSA in London (WC2N). [email protected] Speaker: Adrian Hippert. implications that come with www.cibsetraining.co.uk l 12 Oct 2010 Hinton Lecture Malcolm Atherton 0161 872 4811 or and Dinner London [email protected] Speaker Dr Lyn Evans. Regulations Liverpool l 18 Oct 2010 Air conditioning [email protected] Cibse/other TRAINING l 18 Oct 2010 Part L Building basics 1: comfort, climate and l 12-14 Oct 2010 Energy in Regulations London heat gains London Transition London l 07 Sep 2010 Air conditioning l 20 Sep 2010 Part L Building FIRE SAFETY Meeting future energy demands. inspection training London Regulations Bristol l 23 Sep 2010 Control of Door [email protected] How to undertake inspections and ENERGY EFFICIENCY Release Arrangements (1/2 Day) l 15 Oct 2010 Part G – Reading become accredited by CIBSE. l 21 Sep 2010 Introduction to London between the lines London www.cibsetraining.co.uk Energy EfficiencyLondon l 05 Oct 2010 Part B Provision of domestic hot and cold l 21-22 Sep 2010 LCC/EPC l 22 Sep 2010 The Carbon (Fire Safety) of the Building water services. [email protected] training course Birmingham Reduction Commitment (CRC) Regulations London l 17-18 Oct 2010 ACE GCG Becoming Low Carbon Consultants London ELECTRICAL SERVICES 2010 Conference Abu Dhabi and Low Carbon Energy Assessors. l 23 Sep 2010 Energy Strategy l 28-30 Sep 2010 Electrical Risk management and more. www.cibsetraining.co.uk Reports London Services Explained (Three days) [email protected] MECHANICAL SERVICES Birmingham l 19 Oct 2010 What’s New CPD TRAINING l 15-17 Sep 2010 Mechanical l 14 Oct 2010 Introduction to About Part L 2010? London Services Explained Birmingham BS 7671:2008 Requirements for Updates for the building services l 15 Sep 2010 Design of Electrical Installations London sector. www.cibsetraining.co.uk Visit www.cibsetraining.co.uk, Heating and Chilled Water Pipe PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT call 020 7675 5211 or email Systems London l 16 Sep 2010 Presentation SOCIETY OF LIGHT AND [email protected]. l 16 Sep 2010 Design of Skills for Engineers London LIGHTING BUILDING REGULATIONS Ductwork Systems London l 6 Oct 2010 Practical Project l 14 Sep 2010 Part L Building l 12 Oct 2010 Introduction Management London Visit the SLL pages via www.cibse.org Regulations Manchester to Building Services London l 07 Oct 2010 SLL Masterclass l 28 Sep 2010 Part L Building l 13 Oct 2010 How To Specify Send your event details to – The Low Carbon Challenge Regulations Birmingham A Ground Source Energy [email protected] Birmingham l 07 Oct 2010 Part L Building System London

80 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEsep10 pp80 events.indd 80 19/8/10 18:18:02 6–7 October 2010 Stoneleigh Park Warwickshire United Kingdom Register now for Europe’s largest Bioenergy Expo Get the latest industry updates! Biogas Biomass/Wood for Energy Biodiesel/Energy from Waste

Free to attend industry workshops Material Differences – understanding the range of solid fuel feedstocks and consequences for plant design and operation Dust Explosion Protection Imported Wood Fuels Funding Renewable Energy Projects

The REA Conference will address Getting Bioenergy into Buildings

Register for study tours to bioenergy facilities: Biodiesel: Visit a 30,000Litre/week production site Biogas: Visit a 1Mw new Biogas site using energy crops and waste food as the feedstocks Biomass: Visit a Miscanthus pelleting facility or a local school where a 500MW Biomass boiler provides the bulk of the energy needs.

For more information and to register visit www.ebec.co.uk Telephone 0208 846 3792 Organisers of EBEC

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p81_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 81 13/8/10 10:05:05 Engineering a sustainable built environment %22.6+23

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82 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p82_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 82 18/8/10 11:57:13 Telephone: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected] Appointments

ZZZR[DFXNMREV 5HIULJHUDWLRQDQG$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ (QJLQHHU  SD Department of Physics

-RLQLQJ WKH %XLOGLQJ 6HUYLFHV 7HDP \RX ZLOO ZRUN DFURVV WZR VLWHV DQG IRXUEXLOGLQJVZLWKLQWKH6FLHQFH$UHDFDUU\LQJRXWVHUYLFHPDLQWHQDQFH DQGUHSDLURQDUDQJHRIDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJYHQWLODWLRQDQGUHIULJHUDWLRQSODQW ZLWKLQWKHGHSDUWPHQW 7KLV LV D QHZ UROH DQG ZLOO UHTXLUH WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI D UDQJH RI PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHPV DV ZHOO DV SODQQLQJ DQG PDQDJLQJ D PDLQWHQDQFH VFKHGXOH

Building Services & Low Energy Division • Business Development Managers • Sustainability Consultants/BREEAM Assessors

Capita Symonds is one of the largest multidisciplinary design consultancies in the country employing over 4500 staff throughout the UK and overseas, operating in all market sectors. We are looking to appoint high calibre individuals from within the building services industry for the following positions:

Business Development Managers - London, Southampton, Cambridge The position(s) would ideally suit a senior status engineer within a current engineering consultancy who has a client focus approach to business development, but is now ready to make the next step in becoming a key member of a management team.

Sustainability Consultants / BREEAM Assessors - Redditch, Manchester, Glasgow Sustainability Team Leader - Based in our Redditch office, the candidate will be experienced in the field of low energy/sustainability, possess good communication skills with the ability to contribute to continued growth and success of the team.

We also have vacancies for appropriately qualified senior and intermediate grades of sustainability specialists.

Packages will be commensurate with a FTSE100 company.

Please apply in writing with CV to Terry Ashmore, Capita Symonds, Salter House, 263-265 High Street, Berkhamsted HP4 1AB or email [email protected]

www.capitasymonds.co.uk/buildingservices

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 83

p83-85_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 83 18/8/10 15:25:03 Appointments

Faculty of Engineering and Computing

Specialists in Building Services Recruitment Lecturer/Senior Lecturer in Built Environment THE BUILDING SERVICES JOB MARKET IS PICKING UP! £29,856 - £36,717 or £34,611 - £49,344 pa We are now experiencing an increase in both contract and Ref No:ÊREQ000449 permanent positions from our clients. If you are looking for a new The Department of The Built Environment is seeking to appoint role call us today! a new member of academic staff with the expertise and Senior Electrical Design Engineer | London | £45K+ | ref: 2004 enthusiasm to contribute across the range of our degree courses Our client is a blue chip M&E Consultancy looking to recruit a senior in Building and Building Services Engineering. Your main areas engineer. You will have a stable background with good commercial, new of undergraduate teaching would be in building technology and build, fi t out and residential experience. Experience in shell and core performance. The role also includes contributions to postgraduate and fi t out for commercial and fi nancial type projects/clients would be courses and to the research and consultancy activities of the advantageous. Department in the general area of sustainable building. Senior Mechanical Design Engineer | Hertfordshire | £45k+ | ref: 0113 Our client, an international M&E Consultancy, is looking to recruit an Our courses are popular and we are growing strongly. Our staff experienced senior engineer/Associate for their Hertfordshire offi ce. You are well qualified academically and professionally, and enjoy will have experience working on retail projects and be profi cient using making an excellent job of preparing students for the challenges both Hevacomp and IES. of the industry. BREEAM/Energy consultant | Hampshire | £35K+ | ref: 4124 Closing date: 16 September 2010 Our client is looking for a BREEAM/Energy Consultant to work out of their Hampshire-based offi ce. You will have signifi cant experience and be a Please visit our website at www.coventry.ac.uk/vacancies. qualifi ed BREEAM assessor (preferably a BREEAM AP). This is an exciting Alternatively, you can call the Human Resources Department new opportunity. on 024 7688 7814 or email: [email protected].

Senior/Principal Mechanical Engineer | South London | NEG! | ref: 4269 ;OPZQVIPZ\USPRLS`[VH[[YHJ[ZWVUZVYZOPW[V^VYR Great opportunity for a senior engineer to join a leading Consultancy. (WWSPJH[PVUZMYVTJHUKPKH[LZ^OVYLX\PYLZWVUZVYZOPW You will have signifi cant experience and ideally be Chartered. Wide [V^VYRPU[OL<2TH`UV[ILJVUZPKLYLKPM[OLYLHYLH ranging project experience is also advantageous along with an interest in Z\MÄJPLU[U\TILYVMV[OLYZ\P[HISLJHUKPKH[LZ sustainable design. You will be joining a successful and busy company.

For more information or a confidential discussion please contact Mark Butter t: 02392 603030 e: [email protected] www.blueprintrecruit.com E3 & E5 Heritage Business Park, Heritage Way, Gosport, Hampshire PO12 4BG

Estates Department Ref: OTR0189 the UK’s European University

The University of Kent is one of the UK’s most dynamic universities with a strong European and international presence. Our excellent RAE results reflect our world-leading research and, while we are currently increasing our postgraduate activities, our undergraduates continue to rate us one of the top universities in the country according to the National Student Survey. Energy Systems Engineer Grade 7: £30,747 - £35,646 pa

This new role has been created to support the Assistant Director in the management of energy and carbon and the delivery of value for money utility services. The post holder will be expected to oversee and periodically review effectiveness of the University’s energy management systems and make recommendations for their ongoing development. They will monitor energy and water consumption and initiate appropriate and timely remedial action to minimise waste, as well as take a leading role in the delivery of energy related projects across the University’s estate, ensuring that the University fully meets its obligations under the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme. The position involves working with the Environmental Co-ordinator in promoting energy awareness and water conservation among the wider University community as well as working with, and advising, relevant managers within Estates, academic schools and other departments on minimising the consumption of utilities. Therefore, the ability to communicate highly detailed and high impact information, ensuring full understanding in others, is crucial. Candidates must be a Chartered Engineer or hold an equivalent professional qualification, with a degree in Building Services or Energy Systems Engineering. Proven significant experience in Building Services or Energy Systems Engineering in a medium to large organisation, along with experience with data handling and processing in a utility environment is essential for this position. Candidates must also have experience and an understanding of control systems relating to Building Services and the ability to operate/interrogate building management systems. In addition they must have knowledge of current legislation, regulation and fiscal incentives relating to energy use and carbon emissions. Further information is available from our website: www.kent.ac.uk/jobs Minicom users please telephone 01227 824145. Closing date for completed applications: Monday, 20 September 2010. Interviews are to be held: early October 2010.

We actively promote equal opportunity in education and employment and welcome applicants from all sections of the community.

84 CIBSE Journal September 2010 www.cibsejournal.com

p83-85_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 84 18/8/10 15:25:16 Appointments

To advertise your jobs with CIBSE Journal contact: Building Services Vacancies [email protected] Not just any recruitment. 020 7324 2787 ElectricalWind Project Design Director Engineer Ref:REF: 50957 11310 Brighton London- Circa to£60,000 £50,000 + BenefiBenefits ts AOur senior client electrical is one ofdesign the world’s engineer largest is required employee-owned to assist in the companies design of stadiaand they and use leisure their complexes experience andand mentorresources junior to staff.help International deliver projects experience on any an scale advantage. and implement Contact Lucy development for further information.policies and programmes as well as advance sustainability. They are looking for a Project Director to take Designresponsibility Engineers for technical due diligence and feasibility studies for onshore and offshore wind Ref:projects 50421 around the world. You should be and experienced wind energyNW London professional from £35,000 with thor- Electricalough understanding x1 and Mechanical of technical x1 with advisory Commercial, work for Laboratory large on and offshorePharmaceutical wind projects. sector building services design experience required within this established company. Contact Darren for further information.Construction Manager REF: 11294 Saudi Arabia - £110,000 + Expenses/Accommodation/Travel HV/LVOur client Electrical is developing Design an EngineerIndependent Power Project (IPP) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Ref:project 11050 provides for the design, engineering, procurementManchester and construction & London of a from power £40,000 genera- The home of building services Ourtion client,plant anda leading associated expert facilities in the fieldsto be of located Energy approximately & Environmental 125 Services, km to the Building west ofServices Riyadh, Design,Kingdom Property of Saudi Appraisal Arabia. Services The power and People generation Solutions plant are and recruiting associated for a HV/LV facilities Electrical will be Design imple- vacancies in print and online Engineermented under to join a lumptheir sumBuilding turnkey Services EPC contract Design whichTeam. is The in placecandidate between shall our demonstrate client and thea fullEPC understandingContractor. You of shouldon HV sitebe surveyan experienced and desk basedconstruction review, manager analysis, calculation,on CCGT power HV design. plant Contactprojects. DarrenMechanical for further or civil information. discipline required Renewable Energy Engineer - Wind Due Diligence Senior Mechanical Design Engineer Ref:REF:11304 11002 GlasgowLondon £from Negotiable £40,000 AnOur established client is looking Property to Managementbuild their renewables company requiresteam to aprovide Senior advisoryMechanical services Design for engineer a range to of provideinternational survey clients and design (private solutions. developers, Managing utilities, existing government commercial bodies) properties involved you inwill the be develop-tasked withment, creating procurement, new cost construction efficient replacement and operation HVAC ofdesigns renewable and monitoring energy projects their installation. and wind Contact farms in Darrenparticular. for furtherThey areinformation. looking for a graduate engineer (mechanical or aeronautical) with relevant experience in the renewable energy industry - preferably offshore wind farms. This position will M&Erequire Facilities travelling. Engineer Ref:Contact 11062 Alex Hill on 01483 768 600 forNottinghamshire additional information to £35,000 on + bonusthe above and car Thisand is othera new Energybusiness streamopportunities within an existing company which requires an M&E professional with facilitiesAssociate and Mechanical maintenance Directorexperience. The work will entail both planned and reactive works to commercialREF: 11098 sites. Contact Darren for further information.Central London £40,000 - £55,000 A Multi-Disciplinary Consultancy are currently expanding their successful Building Services Depart- M&E Coordinator Ref:ment 11047 to the London area. Established and expanding their wide portfolio ofSouth exciting East and to challenging £42,000 Workingprojects willon behalfattract ofa thismotivated Main Contractor,self starter toyou lead will anbe engineeringversed in overseeing team. The subcontractors successful candidate in the installationwill preferably of new be Chartered,Mechanical commercially & Electrical mindedsystems andon live have projects. experience Experience in the London essential market. across Commercial,Contact Darren Education Warmington and Healthcare on facilities.01483 768Contact 600 Darren for additionalfor further information. information on this and other Building Services opportunities

Call 01483 768600 or email [email protected] toCall enquire us on about01483 these 768600 and or other email vacancies. [email protected] BSV Consultants Visit jobs.cibsejournal.com www.bsvconsultants.co.uk to find your next career move

What’s new about Part L 2010?

…come and find out on the 19 October where we’ll be discussing what effects the revisions will have on your projects

• Hear a concise overview of the revisions to Part L 2010 • Understand the differences between the new and current regulations • Recognise the critical financial and practical implications that come with these revisions • Ensure you/your company are compliant – can you afford not to be?

Confirmed speakers: 19 October 2010, London • Paul DeCort, Sustainable Buildings, Communities and Local Government Members: £225 +VAT • Paul Davidson, Director, Sustainable Energy, BRE Non Members: £325 +VAT • Steve Wisby, Partner, Hoare Lea • Nick Cullen, Partner, Hoare Lea • Peter Raynham, Lighting Education Trust Lecturer, For more information contact our events team on the Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University 020 8675 5211, email [email protected] or visit College London • Erin Karsten, Technical Sustainability Consultant, Jones Lang LaSalle www.cibsetraining.co.uk • David Kingstone, Associate, Buro Happold

www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 85

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Movers & Shakers

The sound Design, Mott MacDonald’s engineering and director Alan project Powderham has management been awarded the consultancy 2010 Royal of music Morgan Sindall Academy of Professional Services has Engineering (RAEng) Sustained Active musician Paul Driscoll explains appointed Dominic O’Hara as Achievement Award. This is one why he left teaching for the melodious associate engineer. O’Hara is a of the ultimate accolade for a member of CIBSE and a chartered British engineer and recognises world of engineering acoustics engineer, based in the practice’s Powderham’s influence on London office. civil engineering over the last For Paul Driscoll, a musician by four decades. heart, becoming head of London Ian Watmore, acoustics at multi-disciplinary former chief The government has announced consultancy, BDP, was the perfect executive of the that Lord Heseltine will chair the job – but it wasn’t his chosen career Football Independent Approval Panel by any means. Association, is to for the £1bn Regional Growth A graduate in music technology, become chief Fund, which will allocate funds Driscoll started his vocation as a operating officer of the for schemes – including capital part-time music teacher when he government’s Efficiency and projects – to areas hit hardest was just 16. His career in teaching Reform Group. As CEO, Watmore by public spending cuts. The lasted a few years, but it was an will work closely with ministers to government is now seeking inspirational lecturer in university make sure there is a co-ordinated views on how the fund should be and a chance Google search many approach to tackling waste and designed to best meet the needs of years later that led him into the improving accountability across all communities across England. acoustics sector. There’s a few more government departments. Driscoll explains: ‘I sat in a extract fan noise Business secretary very dour electronics department Steve Bratt will replace David Vince Cable has lecture about logarithms and sound assessments than Pollock as group chief executive appointed Roger pressure calculations. The lecturer, of the Electrical Contractors’ Cashmore as chair , David Howard, was incredibly I had hoped but Association, after Pollock of the United enthusiastic. He started talking there’s still enough announced that he would Kingdom Atomic about how there were people out retire at the end of September. Energy Authority. Cashmore is the there whose job it was to design creativity and art to Following his retirement, Pollock principal of Brasenose College, buildings for how they sound rather keep me interested will continue as an adviser to the Oxford, and the current chairman than just how they look. association as well as representing of the Nuclear Research Advisory ‘I had been interested in marking up architectural plans the ECA’s interests in Europe. Council of the Ministry of Defence. architecture since I was young but to show acoustic requirements, He has previously worked for had never seen how that could tie or producing acoustic models of Multi-disciplinary CERN, the European Laboratory in with my main passion – music. buildings.’ consultancy for High Energy Physics. Then I suddenly saw that designing He leads a team of seven people, Atkins has buildings for their acoustic ranging from senior acoustic appointed Phil Patrick D’Cruz has joined properties would match up the consultants to assistants, but Malem, former independent engineering and artistic/creative side of architecture also works alongside many other head of Sellafield environmental consultancy Gifford with the science of music and it people in different professions as Limited’s Capenhurst as technical director. Based in would be a beautiful match!’ part of the overall design team – decommissioning facility, to lead Oxford, he will take a leading role Now, as well as being an active one of the joys of the job. Recent the development of its nuclear in directing the mechanical and musician playing in his ‘human projects include two recording strategy and positioning in new electrical engineering team. jukebox’ band, the The Dukes studio facilities, a television studio markets. He is Atkins’ second Box, Driscoll manages a team of complex and a rehearsal hall for an senior energy management-level Martin Burton acoustic consultants providing opera company, as well as the usual recruit this year, following the is the new advice to architects, building schools and shopping centres. appointment of Tony Price. president of the services engineers, interior Driscoll, who has been in the Heating and designers and contractors – and industry for just five years, admits Architectural and engineering Ventilating he’s still only 29 years old. that the job involves ‘a few more practice Pick Everard has Contractors’ ‘One of the good (and often extract fan noise assessments and announced the appointment Association for 2010/11. Burton is challenging) things about motorway noise barriers than I had of two new associates, Jose also an associate member of the acoustics is that you will typically hoped’, but says the fundamental Hernandez and Matthew Institute of Domestic Heating and be working on many different principle is the same, and that Sweeting, and Doug Soutar as Environmental Engineers. projects simultaneously,’ enthuses ‘there’s still enough creativity and assistant director. Hernandez is He has been a member of the Driscoll. ‘In any one day I will art to keep me interested’. a sustainability consultant, while association’s council since 2005 typically advise on six or seven Soutar joined Pick Everard in 2006 and chairman of its commercial different projects, dealing with Email people appointments/ and has been key to the expansion and contractual committee role profiles to queries from contractors, doing of building services consultancy. since 2007. [email protected] design workshops with architects,

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www.cibsejournal.com September 2010 CIBSE Journal 87

p87_CIBSEMagSept10.indd 87 13/8/10 10:06:12 CMR Controls manufactures low air pressure and air volume measurement sensors and control systems for standard air conditioning, clean rooms, sterile laboratories, containment facilities, and fume cupboard extract systems.

DPC CONTROLLER Fast and accurate controls to drive high speed dampers or invertors. Full PID stand alone controls with DPM PRESSURE SENSOR BMS interface. Panel Mount Pressure or Velocity Transducers with remote alarms, analogue and digital interfaces. Traceable calibration certificates CAV AND VAV DAMPERS supplied as standard. Accurate air flow measurement with the unique CMR Venturi built into the AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM airtight shut-off damper to control room pressure or constant volume. A complete turn-key system to control room pressure to +/-1Pa. Fume cupboard face velocity to 0.5m/s at high speed and provide constant air changes into the labo - clean Metal Damper room.

VAV CAV PPS EXTRACT DAMPER PPS EXTRACT SUPPLY EXTRACT DAMPER DAMPER DAMPER CONTROLLER Poly-propelene control and shut off valve incorporating the CMR Venturi Nozzle. This

NORMAL EXTRACT HEPA is essential when dealing with corrosive FUME FILTER extract air especially from fume cupboard CUPBOARD systems.

LABO - CLEAN ROOM PPS Damper PRECISION COMPONENTS FOR VENTILATION AND PROCESS CONTROL 22 Repton Court, Repton Close, Tel: +44 (0)1268 287222 CMR CONTROLS Basildon, Essex SS13 1LN. GB Fax: +44 (0)1268 287099 A Division of C. M. RICHTER (EUROPE) LTD Website: http://www.cmr.co.uk E-mail: [email protected]

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