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Botany Basics Amy Fulcher Assistant Professor Sustainable Ornamental Production and Management Presentation

› Introduction › Snack break › Overview/refresher on how work and implications for nursery and landscape situations › › Trunks/ › Snack break › Introduction to Amy

› Extension Philosophy “Enhance the current and future ornamental industry by addressing their needs through collaborations in quality education, demonstrations, and applied research.” › Program seeks to integrate applied research with extension education › IPM manual › Joint website › More on my research program later today! How About You?

› Agent Introductions Snack Break aka quiz There are ____ flowering plants in the world?

› 12,750 › 46,902 › 113,560 › 352,000 There are ____ flowering plants in the world?

› 12,750 › 46,902 › 113,560 › 352,000 There are more than _____ ?

› 24 › 240 › 2,400 › 24,000 There are more than _____ Asteraceae?

› 24 › 240 › 2,400 › 24,000 The smallest in the world can…

› Fit in a sewing needle eye › Is less than 2 salt end to end › Is the size of Abraham Lincoln’s on a penny

How Plants Work We have these amazing, diverse plants because of their , , and ability to fill niches

• Some plant parts lose , some take up water (and ) • Areas of growth • Vascular and apical

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/plantanatomy.htm Plants do these (and other things) differently

MONOCOTS DICOTS

› with single Embryo with two › Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of four or five › Major veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated › Stem vascular bundles scattered Stem vascular bundles in a ring › Roots are adventitious Roots develop from › absent Secondary growth often present

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Photo Credit: Wikipedia Plants do these (and other things) differently

MONOCOTS DICOTS

› Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons › Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of four or five › Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated › Stem vascular bundles scattered Stem vascular bundles in a ring › Roots are adventitious Roots develop from radicle › Secondary growth absent Secondary growth often present

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Photo Credit: Wikipedia What do roots really look like? Where are the roots? What Do Systems Really Look Like? Where are the Roots? • Roots are in top 12-18 inches

• Roots grow horizontally 1.5 to 2.0 the ht of the tree (not dripline)

• No taproot Where are the Roots: Root Distribution

O2

No O2

Photo courtesy Aaron Escobar / January 13, 2011 http://www.kwch.com/lifestyle/home-and-garden/ct-sun-garden-0116-morton-roots-20110113,0,7416892.story What Do Tree Roots Do?

› Anchor › Uptake water and nutrients › Store (underground away from ) How Do Tree Roots Grow?

› Roots develop from radicle › Branching Root branching When prune roots growth is at tip Can remove too many roots Can plant too deep Can dig a ball with few roots How Do Tree Roots Grow?

Photo Credit s): wikipedia and http://mayaphotography.blogspot.com/ Things not to do:

› Trench/severe roots › Dump cleaners/chemicals › Drive/ vehicles › Pile bricks and › Allow plants to become pot bound › Leave twine/burlap around at planting Compacting roots

http://levelsbirder-in-morocco.webs.com/day5.htm Burlap on, trees unstaked What Do Branches Do?

› Support leaves › Maximize interception › Get / into sunlight, access to › Shed loads › Extend so more visible, dispersed

Live Photo Credit: unknown, www Trunk, branches

› Maximize sun penetration

Photo(s) Credit: Peter Cowell Without enough

Home Landscape Photo Credit: Anonymous Without enough light…

Home Landscape Photo Credit: Gardeners Anonymous Without enough light…

Home Landscape Photo Credit: Gardeners Anonymous Without enough light… Another Thing Branches, Trunk Do…

› Supports, houses conductive › and ! › Herbaceous Dicots-Stem vascular bundles scattered › Monocots-Stem vascular bundles in a ring › Trees-concentric rings › Trees grow up and out Concentric Rings: Phloem and Xylem

› Phloem on outside › Xylem on inside What Not To Do…

› Girdle plants with twine, tags, stakes Question: Can You Graft Monocots? Leaves

Photo Credit: Edible Garden Project, Vancouver, BC Leaves

› Intercept light (leaf area = irradiance) › House photosynthetic apparatus › Water evaporates, exits the plant › Cools leaves › Transpirational stream is free and moves hundreds of gallons of water per day against gravity!! › 500gal/day redwoods › Transpirational stream is energy free › Moves against gravity!! › 500gal/day redwoods Leaf Anatomy Move water, lose water What Not To Do

› Coat leaves with substances that clog stomata. › Allow plants to wilt › Midday wilt - Too dry or isn’t being replaced as fast as it is moving out of the leaves? Vein patterns

Photo credit: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/StoryDetails.aspx?id=872 http://www.flickr.com/photos/scotnelson/5684510146/sizes/z/in/photostream/

Summary

› Anatomy and physiology of plant parts provide clues on how to care for plants. › Phloem: to roots › Xylem water to leaves › Roots: shallow, wide, from tips › Branches Trunks: increase in girth › Leaves: prune in triangle, careful with coatings, ample water for cooling,