Pharmacological Importance of Buchnania Lanzan Spreng

Journal of Molecular Pharmaceuticals and Regulatory Affairs Volume 1 Issue 2

Chaturvedi Dev Sharan1*, Chaturvedi Barkha2 1Assistant Professor, 2PG Student Department of Pharmacology, Daksh Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: *[email protected] DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3362698

Abstract Anxiety is a neurological disorder. It is a common disorder in the community, and these are common in primary and secondary medical health care system. It is a general term used to describe physical and emotional distress which interferes with normal life. It is an emotional state, unpleasant in nature, exaggerated feeling of apprehension, uncertainty & fear about some defined or undefined future threat. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that have been characterized by the progressive impairment of cognitive function, changes in behavior. Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (B. lanzan) (Chironji) is a medium size tree belonging to family Anacardiaceae. The leaves are reported to contain tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, kaempferol-7-o’glucosides, quercetin-3- rahmnoglucoside, quercetin, gallic acid, and glycoside. Three major chemical components of potent medicinal value, namely Celidoniol, Vomicine, and Epinitol have been characterized by an organic extract of leaves. It is a plant in Ayurveda contents various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheal, antivenom activity, antistress and memory booster activity and antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Anxiety, Alzheimer’s, Buchnania lanzan spreng, Pharmacological activity

INTRODUCTION Plant Description Buchanania lanzan Spreng (Chironji) is a well-known forest plant, of family Anacardiaceae [1-2]. The tree is found as natural wild in the tropical deciduous forests of North, Western and Central India mostly with a monsoonal climate. Buchnania lanzan is widely used by Indian tribes for treating various diseases [3].

Plant Profile: Buchnania lanzan spreng Figure 1: An herb Buchnania lanzan spreng. Taxonomical Classification Kingdom - Plantae Morphological Characters Phylum - Tracheophyta Buchnania lanzan is a medium-size tree up Class - mangnoliopsida to 40−50 ft. height with a straight trunk. Order - Spindles Buchnania lanzan bark is rough10-12 mm Family - Anacardiaceae thick and surface black or dark brown. Genus - Buchnania Leaves are elliptical shaped with diameter Species - Buchnania lanzan Spreng 12.5-25 x 6.3-12.5cm, tickly leathery,

Journal of Molecular Pharmaceuticals and Regulatory Affairs Volume 1 Issue 2

alternate, petiolate, very coriaceous, and Habitat: Chironji originated in the Indian broadly oblong with blunt tip rounded sub-continent. The tree found as natural base. Petioles are about 12mm long, wild growth in the tropical deciduous panicles shorter than leaves, woolly or forests of Northern, Western and Central velvety. Leaves have 10−20 pairs of India, mostly in the States of Chhattisgarh, straight parallel veins and are pubescent Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and in [6]. Buchnania Lanzan flower is bisexual Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of Uttar greenish- white, sessile, in pubescent Pradesh [9]. terminal, and axillaries panicles; calyx lobes 5; persistent; petals5; oblong, Vernacular Names reflexed, pilose, stamens10, inserted at the Arabic - Chirongi base of flashy disc; filament free, glabrous, Bengali - Chironji disc cupular, 5 lobed, pilose, carpels 5-6 English - Almondette, Cuddapah almond free, superior, tomentose, 4 reduced to Hindi - Achar, Baruda, Char, Chironji, thread-like processes, one fertile, one Priyala ovule, pendulous, style lateral; stigma Gujarati - Charoli truncate. Its fruit are drupe, 10-13*8 mm, Marathi - Char, Chareli, Charoli, Chiraoli, oblong, laterally, compressed, black, Chirauli, Pyalchar stone-hard, 2 valved, seed one. Its odor is a Kannada - Charpoppu, Dhurkaalu, pleasant smell and sweetish in flavor [4] Malayalam - Cheru, Kalamavu, Priyalam [5]. Oriya - Charu Sanskrit - Akhatta, Bahulavalkala, Char, Phytochemical Profile Priyalam, Rajadana This plant like many other forest plants is Tamil - Ayattilitacempi, Caraipparuppu, the storehouse of important unknown Kaattumaa, Morala phytomedicines. There were till now Telugu - Chari, Chaarumaamidi, sporadic reports have been published that Jaarumaamidi, jarumamidi reveals that especially leaf, bark, and seed Urdu - Hironji, chiraunji [11-12]. are the major source of various important metabolites of great pharmaceutical value. Medicinal and Curative Properties Thereof late, researchers are focusing their Buchnania lanzan is a widely used plant attention on various forest plants including with a history of traditional medicinal use Chironji. The leaves are reported to for the treatment of various diseases. It is a contain tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, plant in Ayurveda content various flavonoids, kaempferol-7-o'glucosides, pharmacological activities such as [10] quercetin-3-rahmnoglucoside, quercetin,  Antistress Activity gallic acid, kaemferol, and reducing  Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic sugars, including a new glycoside, and activity myricetin-3'-rhmnoside-3-galactoside [7],  Antioxidant Activity [8]. Three major chemical constituents  Adaptogenic Activity isolated from the methanolic extract of  Antidiabetic Activity and leaves characterized based on chemical antihyperlipidemic activity tests and spectral analysis such as infrared,  Antivenom Activity H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass  Wound healing activity spectroscopy were Celidoniol, Vomicine,  Antiulcer Activity Epinitol.  Memory booster activity

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Medicinal Importance REFERENCES  The seeds are used as expectorant and 1. King M (2008), “Prevalence of tonic. The oil extracted from kernels is common mental disorders in general applied to skin diseases and also used practice attendees across Europe”, to remove spots and blemishes from British Journal of Psychiatry, Volume the face. 192, Issue 5, pp. 362−367.  The gum from the plant is used against 2. Katzman R (1986), “Alzheimer’s leprosy in traditional medicine. disease”, N Engl J Med, Volume 314,  Fruits are used in the treatment of Issue 15, pp. 964–973. cough and asthma. 3. Zeven AC, de Wet JM (1982),  The root of plant is useful in the “Dictionary of cultivated plants and treatment of diarrhea. their regions of diversity: Excluding  Leaves are used in the treatment in most ornamentals, forest trees, and skin disease. lower plants”, Pudoc Wageningen,  The root is used as expectorant, in Volume 2, Issue 227. biliousness and also for curing blood 4. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/ diseases. slides/Chironji%20Tree.html  The juice of the leaves is digestive, 5. http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/sho expectorant, aphrodisiac, and purgative w/229000 [9]. 6. Jain R, Jain SK (2011), “Total

CONCLUSION phenolic contents and antioxidant In conclusion, it may be stated that activities of some selected anticancer Buchanania lanzan leaf extract possesses a medicinal plants from Chhattisgarh rich source of Phytochemical like phenols, State, India”, Pharmacology online, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, Volume 2, pp. 755−762. carbohydrates, saponins, triterpene, etc. 7. Nasim KT, Arya R, Babu V, Ilyas M Leaf extract in different solvent systems (1992), “Myricetin 3′-rhamnoside- confirms the presence of a diverse group 3galactoside from Buchanania lanzan of phytochemical. It is a plant in Ayurveda (anacardiaceae)”, Phytochemistry, content various pharmacological activities Volume 31, Issue 7, pp. 2569−2570. such as ant stress activity, anti- 8. Mehta SK, Mukherjee S, Jaiprakash B inflammatory and analgesic activity, (2010), “Preliminary phytochemical antioxidant activity, adaptogenic activity, investigation on leaves of Buchanania ant diabetic activity, and anti- lanzan (Chironji)”, Int J Pharm Sci Rev hyperlipidemia activity, antivenom Res., Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 55−59. activity, wound healing activity, antiulcer 9. Pandey GP (1985), “Effect of Gaseous activity, and memory booster activity. As Hydrogen Fluoride on the leaves of the methanolic extract of leaves contains Terminalia tomentosa and buchanania more constituents it can be considered lanzan trees”, Journal of beneficial for further investigation. These Environmental pollution (Series A), phyto- constituents seemed to be the Volume 37, pp. 323−334. potential to act as a source of useful drugs 10. Swastika Banerjee, Abhijit and also to improve the health status of the Bandyopadhya (2015), “Buchnania consumers as the presence of different lanzan Spreng: a veritable storehouse compounds that are a vital role for good of phytomedicines”, Asian Journal of health. Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Volume 8, Issue 5, pp.

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