Occasional Paper Series No. 32 l April 2020
The Truth about Health in Morocco: No Health without Workforce Development!
By Sanaa Belabbes
As the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, spreads procurement in the country. But it is not the throughout the world, we are confronted with relentless spread of COVID-19 in Africa that stories and images of healthcare systems in worries King Mohammad, it is the virility and the most developed countries strained to a speed in which it is taking over Europe, where breaking point. This presents a grave situation many Moroccan citizens live and work. Though for countries like Morocco, where health Morocco may have reported fewer than 100 infrastructure and governance are still catching cases at the time of publication, uncontrolled up to standards set by Europe, North America, community spread could set the Kingdom back and East Asia. In response to this new global a decade in development. We can only hope that pandemic, King Mohammad VI announced some the King’s proposed fund hasn’t come too late. of the most aggressive measures in the region by restricting travel, closing nonessential shops Beyond the global health crisis currently taking and restaurants, and announcing a $1 billion place, Morocco is in a phase of demographic fund to ramp up healthcare infrastructure and transition affecting healthcare, economic sustainability, and youth employment. The
Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series No. 32 l April 2020
failure to include young people and increase their The Moroccan healthcare system economic output is detrimental to generating growth and catching up with the developed world. The Moroccan population has almost tripled from The unemployment rate among youth 15-24 years 12.3 million in 1960 to 36 million in 2018 (39 percent old is 20 percent - twice as high as the national living in rural areas).2 During this period, the annual rate. It rises to 25 percent among graduates with rate of population growth has decreased from 3.1 bachelor’s degrees and 60 Percent among those percent to 1.2 percent. This sharp reduction shows with masters and above. that the country will experience an accelerated aging process that will lead to a gradual increase And while many sectors of the economy aren’t in demand for healthcare services. In order to generating jobs or are becoming saturated, the increase supply to meet the demand, there must be Moroccan health sector, similar to other healthcare a considerable expansion of health infrastructure, systems around the world, suffers from a shortage equipment, and human resources. of human resources, which is desperately needed to increase efficiency and quality in healthcare. The present analysis of the current situation of the ...the Moroccan health sector, similar supply of medical and paramedical1 professionals to other healthcare systems around shows there are too few qualified individuals to the world, suffers from a shortage of cope with the increased demand for healthcare. This situation is exacerbated by retirements from human resources, which is desperately the sector and the need to staff newly created needed to increase efficiency and health facilities. In addition, not only is the problem caused by an inadequate number of doctors and quality in healthcare. nurses, but is also because of geographic inequality in healthcare distribution. Indeed, differences in population density are important not only when In order to guarantee access to healthcare for the observing health outcomes between regions but whole population and to realize the right to health also within the same region. stipulated by article 31 of the 2011 Constitution, Morocco has implemented law 65-00 of basic This paper, which draws from an emerging literature medical care. This Act established two main social on the subject, deals with socio-demographic protection schemes: the basic compulsory health characteristics, differences in the governance of insurance (AMO), introduced in 2005, for employees the public and private healthcare systems, the in the public and private sectors, and the medical education to employment transition and the role assistance scheme for low-income individuals that the government plays in facing the cultural (RAMED), that both partially covers healthcare cost and institutional constraints on employment in the of 62 Percent of the Moroccan population.3 A health health sector. insurance scheme for native and foreign students in private and public education and vocational training
THE TRUTH ABOUT HEALTH IN MOROCCO: 2 No Health without Workforce Development Occasional Paper Series No. 32 l April 2020
was introduced in 2015 which covers about 260,000 “out of pocket” - spending on healthcare remains beneficiaries.4 very high compared to other countries at 53.6 Percent; indicating that families and individuals still The share of total health expenditure to GDP contribute significant amounts of their healthcare increased from 3.9 Percent in 2000 to 5.8 Percent costs from personal income. This could be explained 5 in 2016 . Despite this increase, this share remains by the low rate of medical coverage as well as the below the average of the WHO member-countries high price of the technology8; which means that (6.5 Percent) and well below the average of OECD obstacles still exist to accessing health services and countries (8.9 Percent)6 The annual average that families are significantly exposed to financial expenditure on health per capita reached about risk from health emergencies. $171.4 in 2013, while the average for member- countries of WHO is $302.7 Direct household - or
(Figure 1) Out-of-pocket expenditure ( Percent of current health expenditure)
Percent
60