DOCSLIB.ORG

Constance J. Cooper

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Constance J. Cooper Reprinted by nc-chap.org with the permission of the copyright owner A TOWN AMONG C ITIES: NEW CASTLE, DELAWARE, 1780-1840 By Constance Jean Cooper A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. June, 1983 Copyright Constance Jean Cooper 1983 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A TOWN AMONG C ITIES NEW CASTLE, DELAWARE, 1780-1840 By Constance Jean Cooper Approved: C 7 ________________________________ George ^ Frick, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: i id S i/V i Richard L. Bushman, Chairman of the Department of History Approved: R. B. Murray, Ph. University Coordi or for Gradxiate Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREFACE Today, in the early 1980s, New Castle, Delaware is a quiet yet distinctive suburb of Wilmington. An hour's drive from Philadelphia and within easy reach of New York, Balti­ more, and Washington, D. C., New Castle is now, and almost always has been, a town among cities. The town has actively • preserved its late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century architectural heritage, much to the delight of those seeking refuge from the metropolis. Charming and soothing as they are, however, the buildings speak not of gentler days but of busier and more ambitious times wlien New Castle tried to be more than a town among cities. Although founded in 1651, New Castle first developed a sustained sense of its economic and civic identity and potential in the prosperous days that closed the eighteenth century and opened the nineteenth. Optimistic and confident, New Castle seemed to be well on its way to becoming a small city that would rival Wilmington in importance. Between around 1808 and the late 1820s, New Castle worked with tenacious energy to fulfill its dreams. Economic, civic, and religious accomplishments did not come easily; realism and experience tempered earlier optimism, and aspiration and iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. frustration were in a creative balance. The balance tipped towards frustration in the 1830s as New Castle lost its hold on one major component of its economy and fought desperately with Wilmington to retain the county seat. Inertia and divisiveness assailed the town's churches, government, and organizations. The 1830s were a strenuous test of New Castle's economic and community life; by 1840, the town had discovered its limitations. This segment of New Castle's history sheds light on several important themes in the history of the Middle At­ lantic region and the early national period. The town's strategic location made it a living laboratory of the transportation revolution, affected by every new development. The same fact of location also placed New Castle in the midst of a regional urban network. New Castle did not exist in isolation; other places, particularly Wilmington, had a decisive effect on its fortunes. Within the town, the main emphasis is on community development and the complementary nature of religious, civic, and economic activities. Finally, this is the story of an old town that finds its limits in a new and apparently limitless nation. The source material for this period of New Castle's history is impressive for both quality and quantity. Letters, newspapers, tax assessments, manuscript censuses, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V petitions to the legislature, records of the town's churches, governments, and organizations, and even federal documents all help to tell the story. The town itself is a magnifi­ cent document. New Castle's people speak for themselves, with a little help from the author. Capitalization and punctuation in quotations have occasionally been changed to make them easier to read. New Castle Hundred's county tax assessments for 1798, 1816, and 1828; New Castle town assessments for 1798, 1804, 1810, 1815, 1820, and 1825; and federal manuscript censuses between 1800 and 1840 were all analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences on the University of Delaware computer. Many organizations and individuals have aided me in the pursuit of this study. Within the town of New Castle, the Trustees of the Common, the city government, Immanuel Episcopal Church, the New Castle Presbyterian Church, and the New Castle Methodist Church allowed me to use their records. Although they do not have records from my period, Bethany U. A. M. E. Church and Saint Peter's Roman Catholic Church were helpful. I did a great deal of research at the University of Delaware Library, the University of Delaware Computing Center, the Historical Society of Delaware, the Delaware State Archives, and the Eleutherian Mills Histor­ ical Library. The University of Delaware and the Colonial Dames provided financial support that made this study Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. v i possible. The members of my advisory committee, Dr. George F. Frick, Dr. David F. Allmendinger, Jr., Dr. John A. Munroe, and Dr. Carol E. Hoffecker, gave me unfailing sup­ port and sound advice. Finally, Donald Banks, Barbara Benson, the Reverend Myles Edwards, Betsy McMullen, Marie Perrone, Jack Robinson, Carolyn Stallings, and Vicky Uminowicz helped in many ways to make this finished dissertation a reality. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS Page Preface'................................................ Table of Contents ....................................... vii List of T a b l e s ........................................ viii Abbreviations used in Notes .......................... x 1. Fort Casimir Becomes New Castle .................. 1 2. A State of Churning Stagnation .................. 57 3. An Economy Shaped in the Urban W e b ................ 105 4. The Rise of Civic Consciousness.....................184 5. Faith and Frustration ....................... 235 6. The Organized Community ............................. 285 Bibliography ....................... 325 Appendix: Maps ................................. 340 vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Population of New Castle Hundred 1800-1840 ....................................... • 59 2. Population Distribution According to R a c e ................................... 61 3. Percentage of Population Change According to R a c e ................................... 61 4. Persistence of Town Taxables ...................... 64 5. Median Size of White Households....................71 6. Percentage of Households of Various Sizes .... 72 7. Percentage of Whites in Each Age Category .... 74 8. Children in New Castle Hundred ....................76 9. Number of Children Aged 0-9 per Woman Aged 1 5 - 4 4 ............................... 76 10. Percentage of White Households with Black Members ................................. 81 11. Status of Blacks ................................... 90 12. Percentage of Blacks Living in Black Households .............................. 90 13. Median Size of Black Households ................... 91 14. Percentage of Blacks in Each Age Category .... 94 15. Distribution of the Black Population by Sex . .......................................... 96 16. Property Ownership Among Townspeople .......... 110 viii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. i x 17. Comparison Between Town Tenants and Non-tenants, 1 8 1 6 ............................. .111 18. Property Ownership Among Rural People .......... 113 19. Livestock Owning in Rural New Castle Hundred . 115 20. Economic Characteristics of Supporters and Opponents of Proposed Changes in Government, 1 8 0 0 .............................. 198 21. Town Commissioner Elections, 1799-1804 200 22. Size of Town Electorate ........................... 222 23. Property Owning Among New Castle's M a l e Citizens, 1798 295 24. Differences between Propertied Signers and Propertied Non-signers, 1796 295 25. Property Owning Among New Castle's Citizens, 1814-16 ................... 305 26. Economic Characteristics According to Political Persuasion ..............................318 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES Common Minutes of the Trustees of the New Castle Common Dover Delaware State Archives, Dover, Delaware EMHL Eleutherian Mills Historical Library, Wilmington, Delaware HSD Historical Society of Delaware Wilmington, Delaware Town Commissioners Minutes of the Commissioners of the Town of New Castle Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. C H A P T E R 1 FORT CASIMIR BECOMES NEW CASTLE We will observe before leaving Sand-hoek that it has always been the principal place on the South River, as well in the time of the English as of the Dutch. It is now called Newcastle by the English. It is situated on the west side of the river upon a point which extends out with a sandy beach, affording a good landing place, better than is to be found elsewhere on that account. It lies a little
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Background Research
    BACKGROUND RESEARCH PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS Several archaeological investigations have been completed in the project vicinity, most of them associated with the building of SR 1 (Table 1). Figures 3-7 show the locations of these studies and the known archaeological sites in the APE. Table 1: Previous Archaeological Studies in the APE DESCRIPTION REFERENCE Phase I Archaeological Survey, Routes 4, 7, 273 Thomas 1980 Archaeological Planning Survey of the SR 1 Corridor Custer and Bachman 1986 Phase I and II Archaeological Studies, Route 7 South Corridor Catts et al. 1988 Archaeological Testing and Historical Investigations of “The Place at Catts et a. 1989 Christeen” Phase I Archaeological Survey of the SR 1 Canal Section, Red Lion Hodny et al. 1989 Creek to Scott Run Phase II Archaeological Testing of the Lewden Green Site, 7NC-E-9 Custer et al. 1990 Phase I Survey of Waterline Near Route 13/72 Intersection Mellin and Baumgardt 1990 Management plan for Delaware’s historic archaeological resources De Cunzo and Catts 1990 Cultural Resource Planning Study for the proposed Route 301 Corridor, Kellogg 1992 New Castle County Phase II Archaeological Investigations, SR 1 Canal Section Kellogg et al. 1994 Paleoenvironmental Studies of the SR 1 Corridor Kellogg and Custer 1994 Phase III Archaeological Excavations of the Wrangle Hill Site (7NC-G- Custer et al. 1995 105) Phase III Archaeological Excavations of the Snapp Site (7NC-G-101) Custer and Silber 1995 Phase I and II Testing at Scott Run and the Route 13/72 Interchange, and Doms et al. 1995 Phase III Mitigation of the Woodville Grave Site Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations in the SR 1 Corridor, Scott Bedell et al.
    [Show full text]
  • References Cited
    6.0 REFERENCES CITED Ames, David, Mary Helen Callahan, Bernard L. Herman, and Rebecca Siders 1989 Delaware Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan. Center for Historic Architecture and Engineering, College of Urban Affairs and Public Policy, University of Delaware, Newark. Ames, David, and Linda McClelland 2002 Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Ames, David, Bernard L. Herman, and Rebecca Siders 1987 Delaware Statewide Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan. Center for Historic Architecture and Engineering, College of Urban Affairs and Public Policy, University of Delaware, Newark. Amott, David, Eric Gollanneck, and David Ames 2006 A History of Delaware Roads and a Guide to Researching Them. Center for Architecture and Design, University of Delaware, New Castle. Baker, Lindsay 2012 A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today. National Clearing House for Educational Studies, National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, D.C. Bauman, Brad, Catherine Dluzak, Emma Young, Russell Stevenson, Barbara Frederick, and Paul Schopp 2010 West Dover Connector Determination of Eligibility Report. Prepared for the Delaware Department of Transportation, Dover, by A.D. Marble & Company, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Baist, G. William 1893 Atlas of New Castle County, Delaware: from Actual Surveys, Official Records and Private Plans. Philadelphia. On file, Delaware Public Archives, Dover. Beers, J.G. 1868 Atlas of the State of Delaware. Pomeroy & Beers, Philadelphia. Benenson, Carol A., and Mark A. Bower 1987 Architectural Investigation of the U.S. 13 Relief Route, Route 7 to U.S. Route 113 New Castle and Kent Counties, Delaware.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
    CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA SSIFI C ATI ON
    Form No. 10-300 ^ -\0-' W1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ___________TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS___________ ,NAME HISTORIC . .^ il-T^belaware Breakwater and Harbor of Refuge, National Harbor of Refuge AND/OR COMMON Y \k> Delaware Breakwaters and Lewes Harbor (Preferred Name) ________ LOCATION STREETS. NUMBER _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Lewes X VICINITY OF One STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Delaware 10 Sussex 002 UCLA SSIFI c ATI ON CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT X-PUBLIC X_OCCUPIED _ AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM _BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK X_STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _IN PROCESS —YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED X-YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL -X-TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army STREET & NUMBER Customs House, Second & Chestnut Streets CITY, TOWN STATE Philadelphia VICINITY OF Pennsylvania LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS.ETC. Sussex County Court House STREET & NUMBER The Circle CITY, TOWN STATE Georgetown Delaware REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Engineering Record DATE 1974 X— FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Library of Congress CITY, TOWN STATE Washington D,C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE X—EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED X_UNALTERED X-ORIGINAL SITE _GOOD _RUINS —ALTERED —MOVED DATE_______ _FAIR — UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The breakwaters at Lewes reflect three stages of construction: the two-part original breakwater, the connection between these two parts, and the outer break­ water.
    [Show full text]
  • "Toryism" of the Clergy of the United States at the Breaking out of The
    MLCS 89/14930 THE ALLEGEO "TORYISM" OF THE Clergy of the United States .\1' THE BREAKING OUT OF THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. AI HI -TORICAL EXAMI ATIO - BY ­ WILLIAM STEVE SPERRY. Hishop 0/ Iowa al1d .Historiographer 0/1/11 American Churdz. MLCS 89/14930 -­ --­ 89-832273 TH E ALLEGED" TORYISM" OF TH E CLERGY OF THE COLONIAL CHURCH AT THE BREAKING OUT OF THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. AN HISTORICAL EXAMINATION. In an interesting and readable article in a recent number of The American Histori­ cal Register, ~he able and impartial organ of the patriotic and hereditary societies of late coming into prominence throughout our land, the clergy of our colonial period are charged with "toryism." The writer of this article, a well-known and popular authoress of the American Church, and ev­ idently with the laudable purpose of freeing the "loyalists" from the bitter j udgmen ts and personal vilification which has ever at­ tended those who espoused the cause of Great Britain at the period of our struggle for freedom, thus revives an old misrepre­ aentation which has been refuted over and over again. The words to which ··we refer are these: "Tw\) thirds of the property owners in New York were loyalists. The im mediate descendants of William Penn were loyalists~ The illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin was a loyalist-and the clergy of the Episcopal Church, stipendiar­ ies of the English Church, were loyalists al­ most to a man. "Methodists were urged,by. Charles [ John] Wesley to stand by the king, and many of them did so.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Nanticoke Indigenous Cultural Landscape
    Indigenous Cultural Landscapes Study for the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail: Nanticoke River Watershed December 2013 Kristin M. Sullivan, M.A.A. - Co-Principal Investigator Erve Chambers, Ph.D. - Principal Investigator Ennis Barbery, M.A.A. - Research Assistant Prepared under cooperative agreement with The University of Maryland College Park, MD and The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Annapolis, MD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Nanticoke River watershed indigenous cultural landscape study area is home to well over 100 sites, landscapes, and waterways meaningful to the history and present-day lives of the Nanticoke people. This report provides background and evidence for the inclusion of many of these locations within a high-probability indigenous cultural landscape boundary—a focus area provided to the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay and the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail Advisory Council for the purposes of future conservation and interpretation as an indigenous cultural landscape, and to satisfy the Identification and Mapping portion of the Chesapeake Watershed Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit Cooperative Agreement between the National Park Service and the University of Maryland, College Park. Herein we define indigenous cultural landscapes as areas that reflect “the contexts of the American Indian peoples in the Nanticoke River area and their interaction with the landscape.” The identification of indigenous cultural landscapes “ includes both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife therein associated with historic lifestyle and settlement patterns and exhibiting the cultural or esthetic values of American Indian peoples,” which fall under the purview of the National Park Service and its partner organizations for the purposes of conservation and development of recreation and interpretation (National Park Service 2010:4.22).
    [Show full text]
  • Middletown Transcript Take Orders for Funeral'work
    'î-.r : • pppf gtiSfl — I.....M.7.. I R:ü keep at store cut Sowers, also PERSONALITIES THE EPISCOPAL SUNDAY-SCHOOLS TOWNSEND The Middletown Transcript take orders for funeral'work. E. J. Hiss Elnora Davis is visiting friends in Seventh Annual Institute to be Held at Sherman Webb, of Odessa, visited town Steel«, Store in Town Hall. Sassafras Md. -■ Seaford Next Week on Sunday. Matts clos® as Follows, The Rev. F. H. Moore will preach in Mrs. Ida R. McCrone has been visiting The seventh annual Sunday-school in­ Mrs. Maggie Lee is visiting relatives Men’s Nobby (Join* North—7.20 a. m , 10.0ia.m.,S.50 p.m., the Armstrong Chapel on next Sunday %43 p. m. and 9 p.m. „ _ in Baltimore. stitute of the Diocese of Delaware will be near Smyrna. Going South—8.00 a.m.. 1.10 p. m„ and * p.m afternoon at 2.30 o’clock. All are cor­ held at St. Luke’s P. E. Church, Seaford, For Odessa—75.0 a. m.. a. m. li-3u ». in., Miss Lenora Lee is spending.this week Miss Shake, of Georgetown, is visiting dially invited. next week, beginning on Monday even- 4-For'Warwick. Cecilton and Earlville S.20 a, at Atlantic City. Mrs. Husfelt this week. The members of the W. C. T. U. are The programme is as follows: High=grade m, and 4.46 p. m. mjr. delighted with the success of the supper Mr. and Mrs. E S. Jones weie in Wil­ Monday—7.45 P. M., The confirmation Walter Bolton, of near town, is visiting MIDDLETOWN, DEL., MAY 4, 1907.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Evangelicals and the Gospel of Freedom, 1790-1890
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 Alicestyne Turley University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Turley, Alicestyne, "SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890" (2009). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 79. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/79 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Alicestyne Turley The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2009 SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 _______________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION _______________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Alicestyne Turley Lexington, Kentucky Co-Director: Dr. Ron Eller, Professor of History Co-Director, Dr. Joanne Pope Melish, Professor of History Lexington, Kentucky 2009 Copyright © Alicestyne Turley 2009 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SPIRITED AWAY: BLACK EVANGELICALS AND THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM, 1790-1890 The true nineteenth-century story of the Underground Railroad begins in the South and is spread North by free blacks, escaping southern slaves, and displaced, white, anti-slavery Protestant evangelicals. This study examines the role of free blacks, escaping slaves, and white Protestant evangelicals influenced by tenants of Kentucky’s Second Great Awakening who were inspired, directly or indirectly, to aid in African American community building.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newark 'Post
    -- The Newark 'Post te Deluged By John Shilling at Loaded Cartridge J. Harvey Dickey High School E I d I CI xp~ n ass Furious Storm This moming, at High School Presides At Meeting as. embly, MI'. J ohn Shilling, ,Assistant Appears In Belt At R. O. T. C. 'ommissionel' of High Schools . ill Del­ Ninety-Third Annual Communica­ ial Downpour, Driven By aware, delivered a short but interest­ Machine Gun Class; Precautions tion Opened Today In Hig h Wind, Ca uses No Serious ing address. He emphasized the fact Prevent Any Injury that the community has the right to Wilmington Local Damage expect better t hings from the boys and girls in view of the excellent The explosion of a loaded cartridge The Ninty-tl)ird Annual Communi­ \'e terday t. he whole state of Dela­ facilities provided today, compared in a belt fitted with dummies at n USE machine gun demonstration before a cation of the Delaware Grand Lodge nntl , urrounding country was with ten years ago. He closed of Odd FeJ.Jows opened in Wilmington saying that each member of the schod class of 20 students at the University, by a fu rious storm which Friday morning, furnished a lively this morning with J. Harvey Dickey, should make a very definite contribu­ 0 ~a rl y in t. he morning and mystery for the R. O. T. C. authori­ Grand Master, ewark, presiding. tion each day trvard making the The Communication, which follows with but short respites till ties. So far there has been found no schools better.
    [Show full text]
  • Switzerland Yearly Meeting History and Biography Project a Resource
    Summer 2005 Switzerland Yearly Meeting History and Biography Project “Let Their Lives Speak” A Resource Book. prepared by Michael and Erica Royston SYM History and Biography Project Summer 2005 Page 1 SYM History and Biography Project Summer 2005 Page 2 Table of contents Abbreviations 8 Introduction 9 Why the Project? ________________________________________________________ 9 What does it mean “Letting Their Lives Speak”? _____________________________ 9 Who is in the list?________________________________________________________ 9 This is a resource book. __________________________________________________ 10 Thanks. ______________________________________________________________ 10 Section 1. Concerning People. 11 Allen, William__________________________________________________________ 11 Ansermoz, Félix and Violette._____________________________________________ 11 Ashford, Oliver and Lilias________________________________________________ 11 Ayusawa, Iwao and Tomiko.______________________________________________ 12 Balch, Emily Greene.____________________________________________________ 12 Béguin, Max-Henri. _____________________________________________________ 12 Bell, Colin and Elaine. ___________________________________________________ 12 Berg, Lisa and Wolf. ____________________________________________________ 12 Bieri, Sigrid____________________________________________________________ 13 Bietenholz, Alfred. ______________________________________________________ 13 Bohny, August and Friedel . ______________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 56 Number 1 CONTENTS
    ne Journal of the Friends' Historical Society Volume 56 Number 1 CONTENTS Page 1 Tensions in the Religious Society of Friends in England in the nineteenth century. Mollie Grubb. 15 The Quaker International Centre in Berlin, 1920-1942. J. Roger Carter. 32 'Stands Scotland where it did': Some thoughts on Quakers in Scotland during the last half century. William R. Aitken. 48 Recent Publications. 62 Notes and Queries. FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY President 1990 Hope Hewison 1991 Neville H. Newhotise 1992 Edward H. Milligan Clerk: Howard F. Gregg Treasurer: Jon E. North Editor of the Gerald AJ. Hodgett Journal: Annual Membership Subscriptions due 1st January (Personal) £4 US (U.K. Institutional) £6 (Overseas Institutions) US $15. Subscriptions should be paid to the Treasurer and Membership Secretary, FHS, 32 Bolehill Road, Bolehill, Wirksworth, Derbyshire, DE4 4GQ. Orders for single issues and back numbers should be sent to FHS c/o The Library, Friends House, Euston Road, London NW1 2BJ Volume 56 Number 1 1990 THE JOURNAL OF THE FRIENDS' HISTORICAL SOCIETY Communications should be addressed to the Editor of the Journal c/o The Library, Friends House, Euston Road, London NW1 2BJ. TENSIONS IN THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS IN ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY he history of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, discloses many causes for tension within the structure of its T belief. The zeal which characterizes any reforming movement and which in the early days of the Society united within its fold people of varying types of religious thought, is rarely transmitted in its original purity to succeeding generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Delaware the First State
    Fl64.3 H64 1988 Dt:carolE Hoffecker "T1, •• � ·' .. Dr. Carol E. Hoffecker DELAW\RE, TheFirst State A Delaware Heritage Commission book commemo­ rating the 200th anniversary of the United States Constitution and Delaware's ratification as "The First State." Publication made possible through a grant from The Na­ tional Society of The Colonial Dames of America in the State of Delaware ............. Freedom's First MIDDLE ATLANTIC PRE SS Moorestown, New Jersey DELAWARE, THE FIRST STATE A MIDDLE ATLANTIC PRESS BOOK All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, record­ ing, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. A Delaware Heritage Commission book, commemorating the ratification of the United States Constitution by Delaware, "The First State." Copyright© 1988 by Carol E. Hoffecker Li brary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hoffecker, Carol E. Delaware, the first state. Summary: Examines the history of Delaware, from its first inhabitants and the arrival of European settlers to the effect of modem times on its business and gov­ ernment. 1. Delaware-History-Juvenile literature. [L Delaware-History] !. Delaware Heritage Commission. 11. Title. Fl64.3.I-164 1987 975.1 87-11200 ISBN 0-9705804-0-1 Manufactured in the United Stales of America 7th Printing Middle Atlantic Press 10 Twosome Drive P.O. Box 600 Moorestown, NJ 08057 856-235-4444 Table of Contents Unit One Discovering
    [Show full text]