Figures p. xxi Acknowledgements p. xxiii Note to Reader about Transliterations p. xxvii Introduction p. 1 The Early History p. 7 Introduction p. 7 Earliest History of the Region p. 7 Origins of the Settlements and the Tatar Invasions p. 11 The first Jews in Podolia p. 16 Khmelnitsky Massacres p. 21 Eighteenth Century Revival p. 27 Turkish Rule p. 27 Polish Lords and their Jews p. 31 18th Century Uprisings and Massacres p. 32 Polish Partition - the beginning of Tsarist Rule p. 35 Jewish Population Statistics in Letichev District p. 36 The Rabbis p. 43 Introduction p. 43 Early Rabbinic Leadership p. 44 Rabbi Joel Sirkes p. 44 The False Messiahs p. 46 Khaim ben Solomon Malakh p. 48 Jacob Frank p. 48 Baal Shem Tov and the Rise of the Chasidic Movement p. 51 Rabbi Israel ben Eliezar: Baal Shem Tov p. 51 Associates of the Baal Shem Tov p. 56 Rabbi Zev Wolf Kitces p. 56 Rabbi Zelig of Letichev p. 57 Miedzyboz and Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov p. 58 The Spread of the Chasidic Movement p. 71 The Rabbinic Leaders from the Baal Shem Tov's Family p. 74 Udel p. 74 Rabbi Moshe Khaim Ephraim of Sudilkov p. 75 Rabbi Borukh of Medzhibozh p. 76 Hershel Ostropoler p. 79 Rabbi Nakhman of Bratslav p. 85 Other Besht Decendents p. 86 The Apter Rebbe and the Zinkover-Medzhibozher Heshel Dynasty p. 88 Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heshel of Apt p. 88 Rabbi Isaac Meir Heshel of Zinkov p. 89 Rabbi Israel Shalom Joseph Heshel of Medzhibozh p. 89 The Chasidic Rabbis of Zinkov p. 93 The Zinkover Rebbes p. 93 Simkhas Torah in Zinkov p. 100 Professor Abraham Joshua Heschel p. 102 Other Rabbis of Letichev District p. 103 Rabbi Hersh Leybowish Aptekarz p. 105 Rabbis in 1765 p. 105 Crown Rabbis in 1853-55 p. 105 Rabbi Joshua Heshel Rabinovitz of Monastrich p. 106 Rabbi Israel of Letichev p. 106 Rabbi Joseph Veys of Medzhibozh p. 106 Rabbi Lev Gardshmir of Medzhibozh p. 106 Rabbi Mordechai ben Lev Gardshmir of Medzhibozh p. 106 Landa Family p. 106 Rabbi Gedali Mordkovich Goldenberg of Derazhnia p. 108 Rabbi M. Puler of Letichev p. 108 Rabbi Meir of Letichev p. 108 Rabbi Mendel ben Tsvi Kesel of Letichev p. 108 Rabbi Meir Shmuel Raysher p. 108 Rabbi Samuil Burshteyn of Letichev p. 108 Rabbi Alter Katsenelenbogen of Zinkov p. 108 Rabbi Yitskhak Khankis of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi Gersh Leyzorovich Tentserman of Derazhnia p. 109 Rabbi Moshe Mikhailovich Fishman of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi Yuil Aronovich Malkiman of Letichev p. 109 Rabbi Yosef Leybovich Shvartsman of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi Yoel Yehuda ben Moshe Glazer of Letichev p. 109 Rabbi Israel Avraham ben Ephraim Gorenshteyn of Mikhalpol p. 109 Rabbi Asher Zelig ben Shloim Muterperil of Mikhalpol p. 109 Rabbi Pinchas ben Israel Melamed of Mikhalpol p. 109 Rabbi Potechin of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi D.B. haCohen Kordiner of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi Menachem Nuchim ben Chaim Yosef Rud of Zinkov p. 109 Rabbi Shmuel Maranz of Medzhibozh p. 109 Rabbi Minor of Letichev p. 109 Rabbi Abrum of Medzhibozh p. 110 Rabbi Moshe Goldenberg of Letichev p. 110 The Rapoport - Bick Dynasty of Medzhibozh p. 110 Rabbi Dov Berish Rapoport p. 110 Rabbi Tsvi Arieh Rapoport p. 111 Rabbi Khaim ben Dov Berish Rapoport p. 111 Rabbi Isaac Bick p. 111 Rabbi Saul Issachar Bick p. 112 Rabbi Khaim Yekhiel Mikhel Bick p. 113 Rabbi Simkha Bick p. 113 The Rapoport Family of Zinkov p. 115 Religious Institutions p. 127 Introduction p. 127 Synagogues in Letichev District p. 128 Medzhibozh Synagogues p. 130 The Mikhalpol Synagogue p. 134 The Zinkov Synagogue p. 138 Zinkov Synagogue Fire p. 138 The Synagogue p. 142 Letichev Synagogues p. 145 The Gitman Kloiz in Letichev p. 146 Jewish Cemeteries in Letichev District p. 149 The Old Jewish Cemetery in Medzhibozh p. 157 Rabbi Israel "The Dead" of Medzhibozh p. 161 The Roof Over the Baal Shem Tov's Grave p. 162 Inventory of the Old Jewish Cemetery in Medzhibozh p. 164 Health and Welfare in the Shtetl p. 173 Introduction p. 173 Epidemics, Diseases, and Other Causes of Death or Disability p. 174 Types of Healers p. 179 Folk Remedies p. 189 Health Institutions and Charitable Societies p. 196 Food p. 213 Introduction p. 213 Repertoire of Jewish Housewife's Dough Delicacies p. 214 Gefilte Fish and the Spread of Chasidism p. 224 Sugar and the Jews p. 226 Other Recipes p. 228 Folk Beliefs and Superstitions about Food p. 229 Typical Family Diet p. 232 Folksongs p. 237 Introduction p. 237 Religious Songs p. 241 Ki Lo Na-eh p. 241 The Baal Shem Tov in Song p. 242 More Wordless Melodies p. 244 The Besht and his Cantor, Mendl p. 250 Yiddish Folk Melodies p. 251 Weddings p. 255 Children's Songs p. 262 Love and Romance p. 265 Pogrom Songs p. 274 Education p. 281 Introduction p. 281 Kheder Memories p. 283 The Talmud Torah of Zinkov p. 289 The Haskalah Movement and Judah Leib Nevakhovich p. 290 Chasidic Education and Storytelling p. 291 Czartoryski and the Maskilim of Podolia p. 292 Micha Joseph Berdichevski p. 293 Haskalah in Letichev District p. 295 Crown Schools p. 296 Russian Primary and High Schools (Gymnazium) p. 297 Soviet Jewish schools p. 303 Pinkas Books from the Letichev District p. 306 Occupations p. 317 Introduction p. 317 Leaseholding and Innkeeping p. 318 Artisans p. 321 Fairs and Merchants p. 323 Fairs p. 323 Merchants p. 326 Transportation and Trade p. 331 River transport p. 331 Coachmen p. 331 The railroad p. 334 Der Daitch / "The German" p. 337 Name lists, 1758-1913 p. 345 Medzhibozh taxpayers, 1758 p. 345 Letichev District merchants, 1820 p. 351 Jewish homeowners in Letichev, 1838 p. 351 Guild merchants of the Letichev District, 1826-1862 p. 353 Medzhibozh town hall merchants p. 355 Medzhibozh merchants, circa 1880 p. 357 1895 Russian business directory p. 358 1903 Russian business directory p. 359 1905 Voter Registration List p. 362 1910 Russian business directory p. 363 1912 Voter Registration List p. 364 1913 business directory p. 378 Jewish Millers in Letichev District, 1904-1911 p. 387 Jewish Butchers in Medzhibozh p. 388 The Jewish Farmers of Podolia p. 391 Introduction p. 391 Historical overview of Jewish colonization p. 392 Kolonia Staro Zakrevsky Meidan p. 394 The pre-colonial history of the colony p. 394 The early Jewish colonists p. 394 Life in the colony p. 400 The land tax case p. 404 The continued years of struggle p. 406 Other colonies in the Letichev district p. 411 The Balta colonies p. 412 World War I: the end of the Balta colonies p. 414 Military p. 419 Early References p. 419 The 1827 Military Decree and Forced Conscription p. 421 The Last of the Great Czartoryskis p. 423 The Polish Uprising p. 425 Medzhibozh: A New Military Headquarters p. 428 The Draft Lottery: 1874 and Later p. 431 The Life of the Jewish Soldier p. 434 The Avoidance of Military Service p. 436 Care of Jewish Soldiers p. 439 Proud Soldiers p. 440

Law and Order p. 447 Introduction p. 447 Jewish Court Matters and Jewish Justice p. 447 Polish Court Matters and Polish Justice p. 454 Robberies p. 455 Murder p. 456 Russian Court Matters and Russian Justice p. 457 Illegal Inns and Distilleries p. 461 Robberies p. 465 Murder p. 470 Joseph "Doc" Stacher: A Criminal Immigrant p. 475 Pogroms p. 483 Introduction p. 483 The Seeds of the 1882 Pogrom p. 484 The 1882 Pogrom p. 485 The Aftermath of the 1882 Pogrom p. 487 Pogroms During the Period 1896-1907 p. 495 The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903 p. 496 Violence in the Letichev District p. 498 The 1917-1921 Pogroms p. 499 Overview p. 499 Jewish Revolutionaries p. 504 The Proskurov Pogrom p. 506 Letichev District Pogrom Chronology p. 508 Immigrants p. 525 Introduction p. 525 The Journey to America p. 526 Noteworthy Letichev District Immigrants p. 538 Joseph Barondess (1867-1928) p. 538 Rose Pesotta (1896-1965) p. 546 Morris Weinberg (1876-1968) p. 547 Oscar Williams (1900-1964) p. 547 Rabbi Samuel M. Blumenfield (1901-1972) p. 549 David H. Kurtzman (1904-1977) p. 550 Bernard I. Goldstein (1880-1953) p. 551 Archibald Silverman (1880-1966) p. 551 Morris Zimmerman (1876-1959) p. 552 Landsmanshaftn p. 553 Derazhnia p. 553 Kolonia Staro Zakrevsky Meidan p. 556 Letichev p. 559 Medzhibozh p. 577 Mikhalpol p. 595 Volkovintsy p. 597 Zinkov p. 601 Family Circles p. 607 The Silverman Family Circle p. 607 The Family "Rapoport" p. 608 Notable Children of the Letichev District p. 610 Zionism p. 613 Introduction p. 613 Chasidic Immigration p. 613 The Zionist Movement p. 614 The Collection of Money for Palestine p. 617 After the Death of Herzl p. 620 The Pioneers p. 623 The End of Zionism in the U.S.S.R p. 629 Recent Arrivals p. 630 Pogrom Aftermath and Soviet Rule p. 633 Introduction p. 633 Return Trips, Relief Work, and the End of Emigration p. 635 Early Soviet Economics p. 645 The Five Year Plan and its Repercussions p. 650 The End of Traditional Jewish Life p. 654 The Holocaust p. 659 Introduction p. 659 Einsatzgruppen p. 660 German Civil Administration p. 664 Organisation Todt p. 665 Transnistria p. 666 German Invasion of the Soviet Union p. 668 Resistance and Partisans in Letichev District p. 671 Reliability of Testimonies p. 672 The Labor Camp in Letichev p. 673 Letichev Memories p. 675 A Prisoner in the Letichev Labor Camp p. 676 The Medzhibozh Ghetto p. 683 Escape from Medzhibozh p. 696 Memory about my Life--The Letichev Ghetto p. 698 Hard Labor in the Letichev Camp p. 701 The Tragedy of the Letichev Ghetto p. 703 The Halatl of Rabbi Borukh of Medzhibozh p. 725 The Zinkov Ghetto p. 727 Escape from the Zinkov Ghetto p. 730 The Destruction of Zinkov p. 736 Summary of the Holocaust in Zinkov p. 743 The Derazhnia Ghetto p. 744 Soviet Extraordinary Commission Records of Nazi Atrocities p. 746 The Aftermath p. 752 Heros of the Soviet Union p. 753 Leonid Afanasyevich Berdichevski p. 754 Samuil Ruvinovich Shteynberg p. 754 Letichev District Holocaust Necrology p. 755 Righteous Gentiles p. 763 Post World War II p. 771 Introduction p. 771 Bandits p. 771 Famine and Poverty p. 773 Arrests p. 774 "The Doctors' Plot" p. 774 Life after Stalin p. 778 Nazi trials p. 780 Erection of Holocaust Memorials p. 781 Letichev p. 781 Medzhibozh p. 783 Derazhnia p. 785 Zinkov p. 789 Monuments in Other Countries p. 789 Continued Emigration from the USSR p. 790 Visits to Letichev District p. 791 Rescuing the Old Medzhibozh Cemetery p. 792 A Trip to Medzhibozh p. 793 A Trip to Letichev District p. 797 A Visit to Zinkov p. 802 The Last Jew of Medzhibozh p. 805 Postscript p. 811 Gazetteer of Towns in Letichev District p. 815 Glossary p. 823 Subject Index p. 831 Jewish Name Index p. 857 Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Letichev District p. 857 Comments on Naming Patterns in Letichev District p. 869 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.