Biodiversity Journal , 2020, 11 (2): 369–382 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.2.369.382

Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna”, a Special Area of Conservation (S.A.C.) in northern Sicily (Italy)

Salvatore Cambria 1& Gianmarco Tavilla 1

1Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of a floristic survey carried out in the area falling within the S.A.C. ITA020002 “Boschi di Gibilmanna e Cefalù” (Sicily, Italy), a site with a marked en- vironmental heterogeneity lying from almost sea level to over 1000 meters of altitude. On the basis of our investigations, a total of 605 taxa has been detected, including some endemic or rare , as Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman, Arabis collina Ten. subsp. rosea (DC.) Minuto, Brassica incana Ten., Hieracium racemosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. crinitum (Sm.) Rouy, Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. albida (Guss.) P.W. Ball., Stachys sylvatica L., Symphytum gussonei F.W. Schultz, Viburnum tinus L., etc. A map with floristic emergencies has been prepared in order to highlight the sites with the greatest conservation interest in the area. Besides, the taxonomical, biological and chorological composition of this flora is analyzed and discussed.

K E Y W O R D S Mediterranean; conservation; Endemism; Madonie.

Received 6.01.2020; accepted 11.03.2020; published online 28.04.2020.

INTRODUCTION esting forest communities, as well as sporadic aspects of chasmophilous vegetation on the limestone out- The Madonie massif, located in north-western crops and temporary ponds. The first investigations Sicily, represents one of the main hotspots of plant about the flora of this area date back to first half of biodiversity in the Mediterranean area, hosting about the nineteenth century, due to Enrico Pirajno di Man- 1500 taxa and 170 endemisms (Raimondo et al., dralisca (1809–1864), a nobleman with wide cultural 2004a). The central highest part of the massif is quite and naturalistic interests (Domina & Mazzola, 2005), well studied from a floristic and vegetational point who owned a large estate in Gibilmanna. Between of view (see Raimondo, 1980, 1984a, 1984b; Brullo, the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the 1984), while specific contributions on the lower twentieth century other botanists provided new data, northern slopes are very scarce. Although this area including Michele Lojacono Pojero (1853–1919), does not present a phytogeographical interest com- author of a monumental Flora Sicula, and Domenico parable to that of the mountain belt, it is characterized Lanza (1868–1940), who usually spent the summer by the presence of valuable plant communities and time in his house of Contrada Pianetti inside the rare species, within a strongly anthropized and de- Gibilmanna wood. Later, only sporadic floristic re- graded context. In particular, the Gibilmanna wood, ports about this area have been quoted by Raimondo located in the hills above Cefalù, retains some inter- & Mazzola (1983), Raimondo et al., (1994, 2004b) 370 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

and Falci & Giardina (2004). Therefore, the compi- with flat or slightly inclined surfaces with deep and lation of a floristic list for the S.A.C. ITA020002 humid soils (Figs. 1, 2). It lacks only in the slopes “Boschi di Gibilmanna e Cefalù” represents the first with a marked inclination and shallow soils, where attempt to provide a more complete and punctual ac- it is replaced by a dense woody community with count of the plant heritage occurring in the lower belt Quercus ilex , generally spread from 600 m to the top of Madonie massif. of Pizzo Sant’Angelo (Fig. 3). Sometimes, the woody vegetation is replaced by less evolved stages belonging to the same dynamic series, as perennial MATERIAL AND METHODS grasslands and shrublands. Among the other relevant plant communities, the greater example of chas- The boundaries of the investigated area coincide mophilous vegetation occurs in the calcareous rocks with those of the S.A.C. ITA020002 “Boschi di of Rocca San Nicola (Fig. 4), while an interesting Gibilmanna e Cefalù” (Sicily, Italy), covering a sur- temporary pond is located near the road between face of 2570 ha. It includes a quite heterogenous ter- Gibilmanna and Gratteri. Finally, some places (e.g., ritory from the low hills above Cefalù at 150–200 m contrada Romito and Colombo) are characterized by of altitude until the top of Pizzo Sant’Angelo at 1081 artificial woods with Castanea sativa , now aban- m. From the geological point of view, it is mainly doned and severely damaged by fungal diseases, and constituted by substrata belonging to Numidian Fly- small reforestations with Pinus sp. pl. or less fre- sch formation, mixed with scattered limestone out- quently also Eucalyptus sp. pl. crops. The flyschoid areas are characterized by gentle The field surveys for this floristic research have and rounded morphologies, while the calcareous been carried out during the years 2012–2019 in dif- ones show sharp ridges, deep valleys and macro- or ferent seasons. The nomenclature follows Bar- micro-karst microforms. Until the second post-war tolucci et al. (2018) and Galasso et al. (2018). period this area was probably intensely cultivated at Besides, Flora of Italy (Pignatti, 1982; 2017–2019), least up to 600–700 m above sea level, while subse- Med-Checklist (Greuter et al., 1984; 1986) and quently it became a popular holiday resort both for Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964–1980) were also its proximity to Cefalù and for the particularly favor- consulted. The collected samples are preserved in able climatic conditions in summer (Palmeri, 2007). the herbarium of the Department of Biological, Ge- Actually, the lower stands shows a spreading urban- ological and Environmental Sciences of Catania ization, sometimes interrupted by small patches of University (CAT). scrub with Spartium junceum and Bupleurum fruti- This study regards the native and naturalized cosum belonging to Spartio juncei-Bupleuretum fru- vascular flora, highlighting the species of particular ticosi Raimondo & Ilardi 2009 and few relicts of phytogeographic interest, whose location has been Pinus pinea forests ( Cisto cretici-Pinetum pineae indicated with GIS mapping. Brullo, Minissale, Siracusa, Scelsi, Spampinato 1993), often replaced by low garrigues with Cistus creticus and Cistus salvifolius . The quite evolved RESULTS AND DISCUSSION soils with loose texture are instead colonized by com- munities dominated by Quercus suber , which repre- Our investigations have allowed to record 605 sent impoverished and thermophilous aspects of the species and intraspecific taxa of vascular , na- Genisto aristato-Quercetum suberis Brullo 1983. tive or naturalized. The pteridophytic component is The cork oak woods are widespread from 150 to 650 represented by 11 taxa, while only one conifer has m, although occupy fairly small areas and often ap- been detected. The angiosperms are clearly more pear in a very degraded condition. Above 500 m, numerous, being represented by 593 taxa. Among they are gradually replaced by deciduous oak woods the dicotyledons, the richest families are Asteraceae dominated by Quercus virgiliana , often characterized (79 taxa), Fabaceae (61), Caryophyllaceae (28), by a dense undergrowth with Erica arborea and Ar- Lamiaceae (26), Apiaceae (24) and Brassicaceae butus unedo . This community, referable to Erico ar- (17). The monocotyledons are represented mainly boreae -Quercetum virgilianae Brullo & Marcenò by Poaceae (44), Orchidaceae (35) and Liliaceae 1985, still covers large surfaces in correspondence (17). The biological spectrum (Fig. 5) reveals the Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 371

Figures 1–4. S.A.C. ITA020002 “Boschi di Gibilmanna e Cefalù” (Sicily, Italy). Figs. 1, 2: View of the woods around the Gibilmanna sanctuary. Fig. 3: Holm oak wood near Pizzo Sant’Angelo. Fig. 4: Limestone cliffs near Rocca San Nicola. prevalence of terophytes (38%), followed by siculus ,Echium italicum subsp. siculum , Odontites hemicryptophytes (29%), geophytes (18%), vernus subsp. siculus , O. archimedea , Ophrys phanerophytes (7%), chamaephytes (4%), nano- lunulata , Pimpinella gussonei , Symphytum gussonei phanerophytes (3%) and hydrophytes (1%). (Fig. 9) and Trifolium bivonae . As regards the chorotypes (Fig. 6), the In addition, to the endemic species, the flora of Stenomediterranean is the most frequent (30%), the investigated area is characterized by some rare while the Eurimediterranean represents the 19%. taxa or with a phytogeographical interest, such as Among others, the Cosmopolitan (6%), Eurasian Astragalus echinatus , Isoëtes durieui , Lavandula (5%), Paleotemperate (5%), South Mediterranean stoechas subsp. stoechas , Melittis melissophyllum (3%), Mediterranean-Turanian (3%), West Mediter- L. albida , Serapias nurrica subsp. nurrica , Silene ranean (3%), Sub-cosmopolitan (2%), Eastern fruticosa , Viburnum tinus subsp. tinus (Fig. 7), Mediterranean (2%), European-Caucasian (2%) and whose local distribution is shown in figure 11. As Circumboreal (2%) can be mentioned. A special regards the latter, during the present study a small mention must be given to the alien species, which population almost certainly indigenous was found represent only the 4% of the total flora, including 12 in Contrada Romito along a small stream inside the terophytes, 6 geophytes, 4 phanerophytes and 1 holm oak wood. A particularly interesting group hemicryptophyte. The endemic elements are repre- from a phytogeographic point of view is represented sented by 32 taxa (5%), including all species re- by the species that in this area reach the western stricted to Sicily, Italy or a few neighboring areas. limit of their range in Sicily, such as Brassica in- In particular, the Sicilian endemisms are Anthemis cana , Bupleurum fruticosum , Hieracium racemo- cupaniana , Bellevalia dubia subsp. dubia , Dianthus sum subsp. crinitum (Fig. 10) and Stachys sylvatica 372 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

Figure 5. Biological spectrum of the vascular flora. Figure 6. Chorological spectrum of the vascular flora.

(Fig. 8). In fact, the Gibilmanna wood shows some Asplenium ceterach L. subsp. ceterach intermediate features between the Madonita and Ne- brodense districts from an ecological, vegetational DRYOPTERIDACEAE and floristic point of view. Its woody vegetation is Dryopteris pallida (Bory) Maire & Petitm. subsp. clearly related to that of the nearby Nebrodi moun- pallida tains, also due to the common presence of flyschoid Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T. Moore ex Woyn. substrates and the similar climatic conditions, as well as the isolated limestone outcrops host a chas- SPERMATOPHYTA mophilous flora closer to that of the Madonie massif GYMNOSPERMAE and in general of north-western Sicily. PINACEAE Pinus pinea L.

FLORISTIC LIST ANGIOSPERMAE ACANTHACEAE PTERIDOPHYTA Acanthus mollis L. subsp. mollis EQUISETACEAE AMARANTHACEAE Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Achyranthes sicula (L.) All. *Amaranthus albus L. SELAGINELLACEAE *Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. blitum Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring, *Amaranthus cruentus L. *Amaranthus deflexus L. ISOETACEAE *Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Isoëtes durieui Bory Brenan *Amaranthus hypocondriacus L. ADIANTACEAE *Amaranthus retroflexus L. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. *Amaranthus viridis L.

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum Allium polyanthum Schult. & Schult.f. Allium roseum L. subsp. roseum POLYPODIACEAE Allium sphaerocephalon L. subsp. arvense (Guss.) Polypodium cambricum L. Arcang. Allium subhirsutum L. subsp. subhirsutum ASPLENIACEAE Allium triquetrum L. Asplenium onopteris L. *Amaryllis bella-donna L. Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes Narcissus miniatus Donn.-Morg., Koop. & Zonn Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 373

Narcissus obsoletus (Haw.) Spach Bellevalia dubia (Guss.) Kunth subsp. dubia Narcissus papyraceus Ken Gawl. Charybdis pancration (Steinh.) Speta Narcissus tazetta L. subsp. tazetta Loncomelos narbonensis (L.) Raf. Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. ANACARDIACEAE Muscari commutatum Guss. Pistacia lentiscus L. *Oncostema elongatum (Parl.) Speta Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus Ornithogalum montanum Cirillo ex Ten. *Rhus coriaria L. Prospero autumnale (L.) Speta Ruscus aculeatus L. APIACEAE Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr. ASPHODELACEAE Anthriscus nemorosa (M.Bieb.) Spreng. Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. Athamanta sicula L. Asphodelus fistulosus L. Bupleurum fruticosum L. Asphodelus ramosus L. subsp. ramosus Bupleurum tenuissimum L. Chaerophyllum temulum L. ASTERACEAE Conium maculatum L. Achillea ligustica All. Daucus carota L. s.l. Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis Eryngium campestre L. Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman Eryngium tricuspidatum L. subsp. bocconei (Lam.) Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. Wörz Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L. Eryngium triquetrum Vahl Bellis annua L. subsp. annua Foeniculum vulgare Mill subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Bellis perennis L. Bég. Bellis sylvestris Cirillo Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. Kundmannia sicula (L.) DC. Carduus argyroa Biv. Oenanthe globulosa L. Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. pycnocephalus Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Carlina gummifera (L.) Less. Pimpinella anisoides V. Brig. Carlina involucrata Poir. Pimpinella gussonii Bertol. Carlina lanata L. Scandix pecten-veneris L. subsp. pecten-veneris Carlina sicula Ten. subsp. sicula Smyrnium olusatrum L. Carthamus lanatus L. Smyrnium perfoliatum L. subsp. perfoliatum Centaurea calcitrapa L. Thapsia garganica L. subsp. garcanica Centaurea sicula L. Tordylium apulum L. Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link subsp. arvensis Cichorium intybus L. Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. subsp. nodosa Cirsium creticum (Lam.) d’Urv. subsp. triumfetti (Lacaita) K. Werner APOCYNACEAE Cirsium scabrum (Poir.) Bonnet & Barratte Vinca major L. subsp. major Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. subsp. vulgare Coleostephus myconis (L.) Cass. ex Rchb.f. ARACEAE Crepis vesicaria subsp. hyemalis (Biv.) Babc. Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. subsp. vulgare Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis. Arum italicum Mill. subsp. italicum Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott subsp. tenuifolium Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter subsp. viscosa ARALIACEAE Doronicum orientale Hoffm. Hedera helix L. subsp. helix Echinops siculus Strobl Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. ASPARAGACEAE *Erigeron bonariensis L. Asparagus acutifolius L. Eupatorium cannabinum L. 374 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

Filago eriocephala Guss. BORAGINACEAE Filago germanica (L.) Huds. Aegonychon purpurocaeruleum (L.) Holub Filago pygmaea L. Anchusa azurea Mill. Filago pyramidata L. Borago officinalis L Galactites tomentosus Moench Cerinthe major L. subsp. major *Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Cynoglossum creticum Mill. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach Echium italicum L. subsp. siculum (Lacaita) Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. Greuter & Burdet Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt Echium plantagineum L. Helminthotheca aculeata (Vahl) Lack subsp. ac- Heliotropium europaeum L. uleata Myosotis ramosissima Rochel subsp. ramosissima Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. subsp. elongata (Strobl) Hieracium racemosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Grau subsp. crinitum (Sm.) Rouy Symphytum gussonei F.W. Schultz Hyoseris radiata L. Hypochaeris achyrophorus L. BRASSICACEAE Hypochaeris radicata L. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Lactuca sativa L. subsp. serriola (L.) Galasso, Arabis collina Ten. subsp. collina Banfi, Bartolucci & Ardenghi Arabis collina Ten. subsp. rosea (DC.) Minuto Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl subsp. Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. viminea Arabis verna (L.) R. Br. Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis Biscutella maritima Ten. Leontodon tuberosus L. Brassica incana Ten. Logfia gallica (L.) Cosson & Germ. Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. subsp. muralis Clapham Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. subsp. bursa- Onopordum illyricum L. pastoris Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. subsp. spinosa Cardamine hirsuta L. Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D. Gut. Larr., Santos- Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. subsp. erucoides Vicente, Anderb., E. Rico & M.M. Mart.Ort. Draba verna L. subsp. praecox (Steven) Rouy & Picris hieracioides L. Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. Foucaud Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb. Draba verna L. subsp. verna Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth Isatis canescens DC. Scolymus grandiflorus Desf. Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Scolymus maculatus L. Lunaria annua L. Scorzonera hirsuta (Gouan) L. Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum Senecio leucanthemifolius Poir. subsp. leucanthemi- Sinapis pubescens L. subsp. pubescens folius Senecio lividus L. CACTACEAE Senecio vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper CAMPANULACEAE Sonchus oleraceus L Campanula dichotoma L. *Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G.L. Nesom Campanula erinus L. Taraxacum minimum (V.Brig.) N. Terracc Jasione montana L. Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. Tragopogon porrifolius L. CANNABACEAE Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F.W. Schmidt Celtis australis L. subsp. australis Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt Xanthium italicum Moretti CAPPARACEAE *Xanthium spinosum L. Capparis spinosa L. Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 375

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp. tetraphyllum Lonicera implexa Aiton subsp. implexa Sabulina tenuifolia (L.) Rchb. subsp. t enuifolia Sagina apetala Ard. subsp. apetala CARYOPHYLLACEAE Silene colorata Poir. Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. subsp. leptoclados Silene conica L. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia Silene fruticosa L. Cerastium brachypetalum Desp. ex Pers. subsp. Silene fuscata Brot. brachypetalum Silene gallica L. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Silene italica (L.) Pers. subsp. sicula (Ucria) Jeanm. Cerastium semidecandrum L. Silene latifolia Poir. Dianthus siculus C. Presl Silene nocturna L. subsp. nocturna Eudianthe coeli-rosa (L.) Endl. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. tenoreana Petrorhagia dubia (Raf.) G. López & Romo Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood (Colla) Soldano & F. Conti subsp. haynaldiana (F.N.Williams) P.W.Ball & Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris Heywood Stellaria neglecta Weihe subsp. cupaniana (Jord. & Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood Fourr.) Gutermann Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link subsp. gasparrinii Stellaria neglecta Weihe subsp. neglecta (Guss.) Greuter & Burdet Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link subsp. saxifraga Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp. diphyllum CHENOPODIACEAE (Cav.) O. Bolós & Font Quer Chenopodium album L. subsp. album

Figure 7. V iburnum tinus subsp. tinus . Figure 8. Stachys sylvatica . Figure 9. Symphytum gussonei . Figure 10. Hieracium racemosum subsp. crinitum . 376 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. Borsch Cytinus ruber Fourr. ex Fritsch Chenopodium vulvaria L. DIOSCOREACEAE CISTACEAE Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin Cistus creticus L. subsp. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter & Burdet DIPSACACEAE Cistus monspeliensis L. Dipsacus fullonum L. subsp. fullonum Cistus salvifolius L. Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) Greuter & Burdet Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr. ERICACEAE COLCHICACEAE Arbutus unedo L. Colchicum bivonae Guss. Erica arborea L.

CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus sepium L. Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss. Convolvulus althaeoides L. ceratocarpa Ten. Convolvulus arvensis L. Euphorbia characias L. Convolvulus cantabrica L. Euphorbia dendroides L. Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. subsp. epithymum Euphorbia helioscopia L. subsp. helioscopia Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Euphorbia meuselii Geltman Euphorbia peplus L. CRASSULACEAE *Euphorbia prostrata Aiton *Aeonium arboreum (L.) Webb & Berth. Euphorbia rigida M. Bieb. Petrosedum amplexicaule (DC.) Velayos Mercurialis annua L. Petrosedum sediforme (Jacq.) Grulich *Ricinus communis L. Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf. Sedum album L. subsp. album FABACEAE Sedum caeruleum L. Anthyllis vulneraria L . subsp. maura (Beck) Maire Sedum cepaea L. Astragalus boeticus L. Sedum dasyphyllum L Astragalus echinatus Murray Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Astragalus hamosus L. Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt. Cytisus infestus (C. Presl) Guss. subsp. infestus CUCURBITACEAE Cytisus villosus Pourr. Bryonia dioica Jacq. Emerus major Mill. subsp. major Ervilia hirsuta (L.) Opiz CYPERACEAE Hippocrepis multisiliquosa L. Carex caryophyllea Latourr. Lathyrus annuus L. Carex distachya Desf. Lathyrus cicera L. Carex flacca Schreb. subsp. erythrostachys (Hoppe) Lathyrus clymenum L. Holub Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. Carex hallerana Asso Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. Carex pendula Huds. Lathyrus sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris Cyperus rotundus L. Lotus biflorus Desr. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. Lotus edulis L. palustris Lotus hispidus DC. Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla Lotus ornithopodioides L. Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják Lupinus albus L. Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal. CYTINACEAE Medicago doliata Carmign. Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 377

Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill. Trifolium lappaceum L. Medicago minima (L.) L. Trifolium nigrescens Viv. subsp. nigrescens Medicago murex Willd. Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. Trifolium physodes M. Bieb. Medicago polymorpha L. Trifolium pratense L. subsp. pratense Medicago rugosa Desr. Trifolium repens L. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Trifolium resupinatum L Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. Trifolium scabrum L. Ononis diffusa Ten. Trifolium stellatum L. Ononis mitissima L. Trifolium subterraneum L. subsp. subterraneum Ornithopus compressus L. Trigonella italica (L.) Coulot & Rabaute Pisum sativum L. Trigonella sulcata (Desf.) Coulot & Rabaute Scorpiurus subvillosus L. Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) Fourr. Spartium junceum L. Vicia bithynica (L.) L. Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik. Vicia dasycarpa Ten. Trifolium angustifolium L. Vicia disperma DC. Trifolium arvense L. subsp. arvense Vicia hybrida L. Trifolium bivonae Guss. Vicia sativa L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Trifolium fragiferum L. subsp. fragiferum FAGACEAE Trifolium incarnatum L. subsp. molinerii (Balb. ex Castanea sativa Miller Hornem.) Ces. Quercus ilex L. subsp. ilex

Figure 11. Bosco di Gibilmanna: local distribution of rare taxa or with a phytogeographical interest. 378 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

Quercus suber L. Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. albida (Guss.) Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. P.W. Ball. Mentha aquatica L. subsp. aquatica GENTIANACEAE Mentha pulegium L. subsp. pulegium Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. subsp. intermedia Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. subsp. (Ten.) Zeltner graeca Centaurium erythraea Rafin subsp. erythraea Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth. Centaurium grandiflorum (Pers.) Ronniger subsp. Origanum vulgare L. subsp. viridulum (Martin- grandiflorum Donos) Nyman Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch Prunella laciniata (L.) L. Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris GERANIACEAE Pseudodictamnus hispanicus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Her. Salvia clandestina L. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. *Salvia microphylla Kunth Erodium malacoides (L.) L’Her. subsp. malacoides Salvia verbenaca L. Geranium dissectum L. Geranium lucidum L. Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Geranium molle L. Stachys germanica L. var. dasyanthes (Raf.) Ar- Geranium purpureum Vill. cang. Geranium robertianum L. Stachys major (L.) Bartolucci & Peruzzi Geranium rotundifolium L. Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. Stachys romana (L.) E.H.L.Krause HYPERICACEAE Stachys sylvatica L. Hypericum perfoliatum L. Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum Teucrium siculum (Raf.) Guss. subsp. siculum

IRIDACEAE LAURACEAE Crocus longiflorus Raf. Laurus nobilis L. Gladiolus byzantinus Mill. Gladiolus italicus Mill. LINACEAE Hermodactylus tuberosus (L.) Mill. Linum strictum L. *Iris germanica L. Linum tryginum L. Juno planifolia (Mill.) Asch. Linum usitatissimum L. subsp. angustifolium Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. (Huds.) Thell. Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri Romulea columnae Sebast. & Mauri LYTHRACEAE Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. JUNCACEAE Juncus bufonius L. Juncus effusus L. subsp. effussus MALVACEAE Juncus inflexus L. subsp. inflexus Malva cretica Cav. subsp. cretica Malva nicaeensis All. LAMIACEAE Malva olbia (L.) Alef. Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. nepeta Malva sylvestris L. Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. arundanum (Boiss.) Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb. Nyman Lamium amplexicaule L. MORACEAE Lamium bifidum Cirillo subsp. bifidum Ficus carica L. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas Marrubium vulgare L. NYCTAGINACEAE Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis *Mirabilis jalapa L. Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 379

OLEACEAE Serapias lingua L. Fraxinus ornus L. subsp. ornus Serapias nurrica Corrias subsp. nurrica Olea europaea L. subsp. oleaster (Hoffmanns. & Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. Link) Negodi Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Phillyrea latifolia L. OROBANCHACEAE ONAGRACEAE Bellardia trixago (L.) All. Epilobium hirsutum L. Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey Epilobium tetragonum L. subsp. tetragonum Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. subsp. siculus (Guss.) P.D. Sell ORCHIDACEAE Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol. ex Russell) R.M. Orobanche crenata Forssk. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Orobanche hederae Vaucher ex Duby Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M. Bateman, Prid- Phelipanche lavandulacea (Rchb.) Pomel subsp. la- geon & M.W. Chase vandulacea Anacamptis longicornu (Poir.) R.M. Bateman, Prid- Phelipanche mutelii (F.W. Schultz) Reut. geon & M.W. Chase Phelipanche nana (Reut.) Soják Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R. M. Bateman, Prid- Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel geon & M.W. Chase subsp. grandiflora (Boiss.) Kreutz 2007 OXALIDACEAE Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. *Oxalis articulata Savigny Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter *Oxalis pes-caprae L. Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) Soó subsp. markusii PAEONIACEAE (Tineo) Holub Paeonia mascula (L.) Miller subsp. russoi (Biv.) Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) Soó subsp. romana Cullen & Heywood Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. PAPAVERACEAE Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. Fumaria capreolata L. subsp. capreolata Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. Fumaria flabellata Gasp. Ophrys apifera Huds. Papaver dubium L. Ophrys archimedea P. Delforge & M. Walravens Papaver hybridum L Ophrys bertolonii Moretti subsp. bertolonii Papaver rhoeas L. subsp. rhoeas Ophrys bombyliflora Link Papaver rhoeas L. var. himerense Raimondo & Ophrys fusca Link subsp. lupercalis (Devillers-Ter- Spadaro sch. & Devillers) Kreutz Papaver setigerum DC. Ophrys lunulata Parl. Ophrys lutea Cav. subsp. lutea PLANTAGINACEAE Ophrys lutea subsp. sicula (Tineo) Soldano 1993 Antirrhinum majus L. subsp. tortuosum (Bosc ex Ophrys pallida Raf. Lam.) Rouy Ophrys passionis Sennen subsp. garganica E. Nelson Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall Ophrys speculum Link Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. panormitana (Tod.) Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. subsp. integrifolia Kreutz (Brot.) R. Fern. Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. sphegodes Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd. Linaria reflexa (L.) Desf. subsp. reflexa Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. Misopates orontium (L.) Rafin. Orchis brancifortii Biv. Plantago afra L. subsp. afra Orchis italica Poir. Plantago lagopus L. Orchis provincialis Balb. ex Lam. & DC. Plantago lanceolata L. Serapias cordigera L. subsp. cordigera Plantago major L. 380 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

Plantago serraria L. Poa annua L. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. subsp. anagallis- Poa infirma Kunth aquatica Poa sylvicola Guss. Veronica cymbalaria Bodard Poa trivialis L. Veronica persica Poir. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. PLUMBAGINACEAE Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser & H.R. Plumbago europaea L. Hamasha Triticum vagans (Jord. & Fourr.) Greuter POACEAE Aira caryophyllea L. Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand & POLYGONACEAE Schinz Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski subsp. madritensis Rumex bucephalophorus L. subsp. bucephalopho- Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski rus Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski Rumex crispus L. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Rumex cristatus DC. Arundo donax L. Rumex thyrsoides Desf. Arundo plinii Turra Avena fatua L. PORTULACACEAE Avena sativa L. Portulaca oleracea L. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) Beauv. (Host) PRIMULACEAE Roem. & Schult. Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton subsp. hederifolium Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) P.Beauv. Cyclamen repandum Sm. subsp. repandum Briza maxima L. Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. hordeaceus Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. subsp. rigidum subsp. arvensis Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Samolus valerandi L. Cynosurus cristatus L. Cynosurus echinatus L. RANUNCULACEAE Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. glomerata Anemone hortensis L. subsp. hortensis Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth) Clematis cirrhosa L. Nyman Clematis vitalba L. Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy Delphinium halteratum Sm. subsp. halteratum Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. Ficaria verna Huds. subsp. verna subsp. cilianensis Nigella damascena L. Festuca ligustica (All.) Bertol. Ranunculus bulbosus L. subsp. aleae (Willk.) Rouy Festuca myuros L. subsp. myuros & Foucaud Hordeum bulbosum L. Ranunculus bulbosus L. subsp. neapolitanus (Ten.) Hordeum murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link) Ar- H. Lindb. cang Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf subso. hirta Ranunculus bullatus L. Koeleria splendens Presl subsp. splendens Ranunculus muricatus L. Lagurus ovatus L. subsp. ovatus Thalictrum calabricum Spreng. Lolium perenne L. Lolium rigidum Gaudin RESEDACEAE Melica ciliata L. subsp. ciliata Reseda alba L. Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser & H.R. Hamasha Paspalum distichum L. RHAMNACEAE Phalaris paradoxa L. Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus Check-list of the vascular flora of the “Bosco di Gibilmanna” a Special Area of Conservation in N. Sicily 381

ROSACEAE SMILACACEAE Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria Smilax aspera L. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Fragaria vesca L. subsp. vesca SOLANACEAE Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. Mespilus germanica L. Solanum nigrum L. Potentilla reptans L. Poterium sanguisorba L. subsp. sanguisorba THYMELAEACEAE Prunus spinosa L. subsp. spinosa Daphne gnidium L. Pyrus communis L. subsp. communis Daphne laureola L. Pyrus spinosa Forssk. Rosa canina L. TYPHACEAE Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. Typha angustifolia L. Rosa sempervirens L. Typha latifolia L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott ULMACEAE RUBIACEAE Ulmus minor Mill. subsp. canescens (Melville) Asperula aristata L. f. subsp. scabra Nyman Browicz & Ziel. Galium aparine L. Galium lucidum All. URTICACEAE Galium verrucosum Huds. Parietaria judaica L. Parietaria lusitanica L. subsp. lusitanica Galium verum L. subsp. verum Urtica dioica L. subsp. dioica Rubia peregrina L. Urtica membranacea Poir. Sherardia arvensis L. Urtica pilulifera L. Valantia muralis L. VALERIANACEAE RUTACEAE Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. subsp. ruber Ruta chalepensis L. Fedia graciliflora Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. SALICACEAE Salix pedicellata Desf. VERBENACEAE Verbena officinalis L. SANTALACEAE Osyris alba L. VIBURNACEAE Viburnum tinus L. subsp. tinus SAPINDACEAE Acer campestre L., VIOLACEAE Viola alba Besser subsp. dehnhardtii (Ten.) W. SAXIFRAGACEAE Becker Saxifraga bulbifera L. Viola odorata L. Saxifraga tridactylites L. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE Tribulus terrestris L. Scrophularia peregrina L. Verbascum sinuatum L. Verbascum thapsus L. subsp. thapsus CONCLUSIONS

SIMAROUBACEAE This study allowed to survey the vascular flora *Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle of the Gibilmanna and Cefalù woods, an area clas- 382 SALVATORE CAMBRIA & G IANMARCO TAVILLA

sified as a Special Area of Conservation (S.A.C.). beris G., Bernardo L., Blasi C., Bouvet D., Bovio M., It provides new data on a territory that had not pre- Cecchi L., Del Guacchio E., Domina G., Fascetti S., viously been the subject of specific floristic inves- Gallo L., Gubellini L., Guiggi A., Iamonico D., tigations, having a certain phytogeographical Iberite M., Jiménez-Mejías P., Lattanzi E., Marchetti interest for its location and ecological features. D., Martinetto E., Masin R.R., Medagli P., Passalac- qua N.G., Peccenini S., Pennesi R., Pierini B., Podda Besides, the results obtained show a low inci- L., Poldini L., Prosser F., Raimondo F.M., Roma- dence of exotic plants (23 species), mostly re- Marzio F., Rosati L., Santangelo A., Scoppola A., stricted to cultivated areas and to the most disturbed Scortegagna S., Selvaggi A., Selvi F., Soldano A., sites located near country houses and roads. Stinca A., Wagensommer R.P., Wilhalm T. & Bar- tolucci F., 2018. An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152: 556‒592. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018. 1441197 Greuter W., Burdet H.M. & Long G., 1984. Med-Check- We want to thank for useful suggestions and for list.1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones providing some unpublished data Prof. Giannianto- (Acanthaceae-Cneoraceae). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. nio Domina (University of Palermo, Italy) and Dr. Greuter W., Burdet H.M. & Long G., 1986. Med-Check- Antoine Giardina (Museo naturalistico “F. Minà list. 3. Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae-Labiatae). Palumbo”, Castelbuono, Italy). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. Palmeri G., 2007. Gibilmanna, al crepuscolo del mondo REFERENCES contadino. Publisicula, Palermo, 91 pp. Pignatti S., 1982. Flora d’Italia. 1–3. Bologna, Edagri- Bartolucci F., Galasso G., Albano A., Alessandrini A., Ar- cole. denghi N.M.G., Astuti G., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., Pignatti S., 2017-2019. Flora d’Italia, 1–4 vol. Edagri- Banfi E., Barberis G., Bernardo L., Bouvet D., Bovio cole-New Business Media, Milano. M., Cecchi L., Di Pietro R., Domina G., Fascetti S., Raimondo F.M., 1980. Carta della vegetazione di Piano Fenu G., Festi F., Foggi B., Gallo L., Gottschlich G., della Battaglia e del territorio circostante (Madonie, Gubellini L., Iamonico D., Iberite M., Jiménez- Sicilia). Quaderni C.N.R. AQ/1/336: 1‒43. Mejías P., Lattanzi E., Marchetti D. Martinetto E., Raimondo F.M., 1984a. La vegetazione rupestre delle Masin R.R., Medagli P., Passalacqua N.G., Peccenini Serre di Quacella (Madonie, Sicilia). Atti Società S., Pennesi R., Pierini B., Poldini L., Prosser F., Rai- Toscana di Scienze Naturali, 90: 31‒41. mondo F.M., Roma-Marzio F., Rosati L., Santangelo Raimondo F.M., 1984b. On the natural history of the A., Scoppola A., Scortegagna S., Selvaggi A., Selvi Madonie Mountains. Webbia, 38: 29‒52. https://doi. F., Soldano A., Stinca A., Wagensommer R.P., Wil- org/10.1080/00837792.1984.10670294 halm T. & Conti F., 2018. An updated checklist of the Raimondo F.M., Gianguzzi L. & Ilardi V., 1994. Inven- vascular flora native to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152: tario delle specie “a rischio” nella flora vascolare na- 179‒303. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263 504.2017. tiva della Sicilia. Quaderni di Botanica Ambientale 1419996 Applicata, 3: 65‒132. Brullo S., 1984. Contributo alla conoscenza della vege- Raimondo F.M. & Mazzola P., 1983. Aggiunte alla flora tazione delle Madonie (Sicilia settentrionale). Bollet- delle Madonie (Sicilia). Atti Accademia Scienze di tino dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Palermo, 40: 1‒11. Catania, 16: 351‒420. Raimondo F.M., Mazzola P. & Domina G., 2004b. Domina G. & Mazzola P., 2005. Su un frammento d’er- Check-list of the vascular plants collected during bario di Enrico Pirajno di Mandralisca. Il Naturalista Iter Mediterraneum III. Bocconea, 17: 65‒ 231. siciliano, 29: 3‒17. Raimondo F.M., Schicchi R. & Surano N., 2004a. Carta Falci A. & Giardina A., 2004. Parco delle Madonie. Le del paesaggio e della biodiversità vegetale del parco Orchidee. Paruzzo Editore, Caltanissetta, 96 pp. delle Madonie. Il Naturalista siciliano, 27: 71‒137. Galasso G., Conti F., Peruzzi L., Ardenghi N.M.G., Banfi Tutin T.G., Heywood V.H., Burges N.A., Moore E., Celesti-Grapow L., Albano A., Alessandrini A,. D.M.,Valentine D.H., Walters S.M. & Webb D.A., ed- Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., Bandini Mazzanti M., Bar- itors. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea (1–5). Cambridge.