Interaction Réciproque Entre La Palmitylation Et La Phosphorylation Du Récepteur Pz-Adrénergique

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Interaction Réciproque Entre La Palmitylation Et La Phosphorylation Du Récepteur Pz-Adrénergique Université de Montréal Interaction réciproque entre la palmitylation et la phosphorylation du récepteur pz-adrénergique. Par Lynda Adam Département de biochimie Faculté de médecine Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.1 en biochimie Décembre 1999 Yynda Adam, 1999 National Library Biblioth$8 nationale du Cana Acqui8itiorrs and Acquisitions et 8ibliographic Sewb sewices bbüographiques The author has granteci a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in tnicrofonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electroaic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantid extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othewise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation, Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Cette thèse intitulée : ~NTERACTIONRÉCIPROQUE ENTRE LA PALMITYLATION ET &A PHOSPHORYLATtON DU RÉCEPTEUR P2-~~~É~~~~~~~~ Présentée par : Lpda Adam a été ivaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Dr Réjean Morais Président-rapporteur. Département de biochimie Université de Montréal Dr Guy Boileau Membre du jury, Département de biochimie Université de Montréal Dr Michel Bouvier Directeur de thèse, Département de biochimie Université de Montréal Dr Luc Berthiaume Examinateur externe, Départment de biologie cellulaire Université d'Alberta Représentant du doyen. Faculté de médecine Université de Montréai III Sommaire Le récepteur Pradrenergique est, parmi les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G, le mieux connu et, par conséquent, sert de prototype pour cette grande famille de récepteurs. Les différents mécanismes responsables de régulariser l'activité fonctionnelle du P2.4R sont relativement bien établis. Par exemple, ii la suite d'une stimulation soutenue par un agoniste, la phosphorylation et la palrnitylation du P2AR sont modifiées. Cependant, contrairement à la phosphorylation, peu d'études se sont attardées à caractériser la palmitylation du récepteur. Cette modification consiste à l'ajout d'un acide gras saniré de seize atomes de carbone sur le résidu cystéine 341 du récepteur via une liaison thioester. Selon les résultats d'études antérieures, la palmitylation pourrait correspondre à un niveau supplémentaire de régulation de l'activité fonctionnelle du P2AR. Le premier objectif vise donc à mieux comprendre la dynamique de palmitylation du récepteur. A la suite d'expériences de radiomarquages et de "pulse-chase", nous avons démontré que la palmitylation est une modification post-traductiomelle réversible durant la vie du récepteur indépendamment du système d'expression utilisé (cellules de mammifères et cellules d'insectes). De plus, l'état d'activation du récepteur influence grandement sa palmitylation. L'activation du récepteur par un agoniste aboutit 5 une au-mentation nette de la vitesse de renouvellement du palmitate associé au récepteur. Dans ce contexte d'activation, nous avons mis en évidence par mutagenese dirigée que le site de phosphorylation de la PKA ("'RRss"~) dans la portion C-terminale du récepteur y joue un rôle déterminant. La phosphorylation de ce site de la PKA serait responsable, par une répulsion entre les charges négatives des phospholipides de la membrane plasmique, et celles des sérines phosphorylées 345 et 346, de la diminution de la stabilité de l'ancrage du palmitate dans la membrane. Ultimement, la phosphorylation du récepteur favoriserait une forme non palmitylée du P2AR. La déphosphorylation du PtAR serait necessaire pour permettre au récepteur d'être de nouveau paimitylé. Dans l'ensemble. ces résultats suggèrent que la palmitylation est régulée non seulement à la suite de l'activation du récepteur, mais également par l'état de phosphorylation du P?AR. Cette interaction entre la phosphorylation et la palmitylation du récepteur a Cté observée en utilisant des cellules de mammifère et des cellules d'insectes (SB). Cependant, une différence existe entre ces deux systèmes en ce qui a à la vitesse de renouvellement du palmitate associé au récepteur. Dans les cellules de mammifères. la vitesse de renouvellement du palmitate associé au récepteur est beaucoup plus lente que celle observée dans les cellules d'insectes (SB).Pour cette raison, nous croyons que la palmitylation pourrait avoir dauues fonctions. Cependant, le ou les rôles pouvant être rattachés à cette modification demeurent à être déterminés. Nous avons également démontré que la paimitylation du PlAR pouvait être régulé indépendamment de l'activation du récepteur. Nous avons mis en évidence le fait que le monoxyde d'azote exerce une modulation sur l'état de palmitylation du P2AR. Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que la présence de monoxyde d'azote diminue l'incorporation du palmitate tritié au niveau du récepteur activé ou pas par un agoniste tel que I'isoprotérénol. Cet effet du monoxyde d'azote est accompagne du découplage fonctionnel du récepteur avec la protéine Gas. Selon nos résultats, le monoxyde d'azote module directement la voie P-adrénergique en régulant l'état de palmitylation du P2AR. Mots clés du sommaire: récepteur Pz-adrénergique. palmitylation, phosphorylation, monoxyde d'azote, régulation. Table des matieres Sommaire .......................................................................................................................... III Table des matieres ................................................... Liste des tableaux ...................................................................................................... VIII Liste des figures ................................................................................................................. IX Liste des sigles et abréviations ............................................................................................ X Remerciements ................................................................................................................ XII 1. Introduction.......... .... ............................................................................ 1 1 . i introduction aux récepteurs couplés aux protéines G ............................................... 1 1.2 Les récepteurs adrénergiques ................................................................................... -7 1.2.1 L'historique et la classification des récepteurs adrénergiques........................... - 7 12.2 La pharmacologie des ricepteun adrénergiques .............................................. 3 12.3 Les composantes de la voie de signdisation P-adrénergique ............................ 8 1.2.3.1 Le P2AR .................................. .. ..................... .... ........................................8 1 .2.3.l.1 Les sites d'interaction ligand-hAR ................................................... 12 1 .2.3. L .2 Les sites d'interaction Pa-protdine G ......................................... 15 1.2.3.2 LesprotrmesG.. ......................................................................................... 16 1 .2.3.3 L'adénylyl cyclase ..............................................................................19 1.2.4 Aspect dynamique de la voie de signalisation du PIAR. .............................. 20 L .2.5 La r&ulation du P2AR................ ....... .................................................... 27 1-2 3.1 Le découplagr fonctionnel ...................................................................... 28 * 1.2.5.2 La séquestration ........................................................................................ 33- 1 L5.3 La réguIa~onnégative .............................................................................. -40 1.2.5.3.1 Dégrdation du P2AR..................................................................... A0 1.2.5.3-2 Régulation du niveau d'ARNm du P2AR .......................................... -42 .. 1.3 L*acylatioa des protemes ....................................................................................... 43 1 .3.1 La glypiation ................................................................................................. 47 L .3.2 La prhylation............................................................................. .. ................ 18 1-3 -3 La myristylation...... .... ......................................................................... -50 1.3.4 Lacholestérylation........................................................................................ 52 1 .3.5 La palmityktion ......................................................................................... -32 1.3 .5 .L Enzymologie de la palrnitylation ............................................................... 53 1.33.2 Rôles de la paimitylation.......................................................................... -58 1.4 Les objeaifs de la thèse ...................................................................................... 76 2.1 Article 1: Palmitoylated cysteine 34 1 modula= phosphorylation of the P2' adrenergic receptor by the cAMPdependent protein kinase ..................................
Recommended publications
  • Ovid MEDLINE(R)
    Supplementary material BMJ Open Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily <1946 to September 16, 2019> # Searches Results 1 exp Hypertension/ 247434 2 hypertens*.tw,kf. 420857 3 ((high* or elevat* or greater* or control*) adj4 (blood or systolic or diastolic) adj4 68657 pressure*).tw,kf. 4 1 or 2 or 3 501365 5 Sex Characteristics/ 52287 6 Sex/ 7632 7 Sex ratio/ 9049 8 Sex Factors/ 254781 9 ((sex* or gender* or man or men or male* or woman or women or female*) adj3 336361 (difference* or different or characteristic* or ratio* or factor* or imbalanc* or issue* or specific* or disparit* or dependen* or dimorphism* or gap or gaps or influenc* or discrepan* or distribut* or composition*)).tw,kf. 10 or/5-9 559186 11 4 and 10 24653 12 exp Antihypertensive Agents/ 254343 13 (antihypertensiv* or anti-hypertensiv* or ((anti?hyperten* or anti-hyperten*) adj5 52111 (therap* or treat* or effective*))).tw,kf. 14 Calcium Channel Blockers/ 36287 15 (calcium adj2 (channel* or exogenous*) adj2 (block* or inhibitor* or 20534 antagonist*)).tw,kf. 16 (agatoxin or amlodipine or anipamil or aranidipine or atagabalin or azelnidipine or 86627 azidodiltiazem or azidopamil or azidopine or belfosdil or benidipine or bepridil or brinazarone or calciseptine or caroverine or cilnidipine or clentiazem or clevidipine or columbianadin or conotoxin or cronidipine or darodipine or deacetyl n nordiltiazem or deacetyl n o dinordiltiazem or deacetyl o nordiltiazem or deacetyldiltiazem or dealkylnorverapamil or dealkylverapamil
    [Show full text]
  • Drugs for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: an Overview of Systematic Reviews
    Supplementary Online Content Karmali KN, Lloyd-Jones DM, Berendsen MA, et al. Drugs for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews. JAMA Cardiol. Published online April 27, 2016. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0218. eAppendix 1. Search Documentation Details eAppendix 2. Background, Methods, and Results of Systematic Review of Combination Drug Therapy to Evaluate for Potential Interaction of Effects eAppendix 3. PRISMA Flow Charts for Each Drug Class and Detailed Systematic Review Characteristics and Summary of Included Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses eAppendix 4. List of Excluded Studies and Reasons for Exclusion This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. 1 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/28/2021 eAppendix 1. Search Documentation Details. Database Organizing body Purpose Pros Cons Cochrane Cochrane Library in Database of all available -Curated by the Cochrane -Content is limited to Database of the United Kingdom systematic reviews and Collaboration reviews completed Systematic (UK) protocols published by by the Cochrane Reviews the Cochrane -Only systematic reviews Collaboration Collaboration and systematic review protocols Database of National Health Collection of structured -Curated by Centre for -Only provides Abstracts of Services (NHS) abstracts and Reviews and Dissemination structured abstracts Reviews of Centre for Reviews bibliographic
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Measured Compared to Office
    Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Supplemental Tables and Figures Part 1: Self-Measured Compared to Office-Based Measurement of Blood Pressure in the Management of Adults With Hypertension Table 1.1 Electronic search terms used for the current meta-analysis (Part 1 – Self-Measured Compared to Office-Based Measurement of Blood Pressure in the Management of Adults With Hypertension). PubMed Search (Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory [mesh] OR self care [mesh] OR telemedicine [mesh] OR patient participation [tiab] OR ambulatory [tiab] OR kiosk [tiab] OR kiosks [tiab] OR self-monitor* [tiab] OR self-measure* [tiab] OR self-care* [tiab] OR self-report* [tiab] OR telemonitor* [tiab] OR tele-monitor* [tiab] OR home monitor* [tiab] OR telehealth [tiab] OR tele-health [tiab] OR telemonitor* [tiab] OR tele-monitor* [tiab] OR telemedicine [tiab] OR patient-directed [tiab] OR Blood pressure monitoring “patient directed” [tiab] OR HMBP [tiab] OR SMBP [tiab] OR home [tiab] OR white coat [tiab] OR concept + Self Care concept ((patient participation [ot] OR ambulatory [ot] OR kiosk [ot] OR kiosks [ot] OR self-monitor* [ot] OR self-measure* [ot] OR self-care* [ot] OR self-report* [ot] OR telemonitor* [ot] OR tele-monitor* [ot] OR home monitor* [ot] OR telehealth [ot] OR tele-health [ot] OR telemonitor* [ot] OR tele- monitor* [ot] OR telemedicine [ot] OR patient-directed [tiab] OR “patient directed” [tiab]
    [Show full text]
  • Multimedia Appendix 1. Search Strategy Developed for Medline Via Ovid to Identify Existing Systematics Review. Concept 1: BP
    Multimedia Appendix 1. Search strategy developed for Medline via Ovid to identify existing systematics review. Concept 1: BP lowering regimens 1 exp antihypertensive agents/ 2 (antihypertensive$ adj (agent$ or drug)).tw. 3 exp thiazides/ 4 (chlorothiazide or benzothiadiazine or bendroflumethiazide or cyclopenthiazide or metolazone or xipamide or hydrochlorothiazide or hydroflumethiazide or methyclothiazide or polythiazide or trichlormethiazide or thiazide?).tw. 5 (chlorthalidone or chlortalidone or phthalamudine or chlorphthalidolone or oxodolin or thalitone or hygroton or indapamide or metindamide).tw. 6 ((loop or ceiling) adj diuretic?).tw. 7 (bumetanide or furosemide or torasemide).tw. 8 exp sodium potassium chloride symporter inhibitors/ 9 (eplerenone or amiloride or spironolactone or triamterene).tw. 10 or/1-9 11 exp angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/ 12 ((angiotensin$ or kininase ii or dipeptidyl$) adj3 (convert$ or enzyme or inhibit$ or recept$)).tw. 13 (ace adj3 inhibit$).tw. 14 acei.tw. 15 exp enalapril/ 16 (alacepril or altiopril or benazepril or captopril or ceronapril or cilazapril or delapril or enalapril or fosinopril or idapril or imidapril or lisinopril or moexipril or moveltipril or pentopril or perindopril or quinapril or ramipril or spirapril or temocapril or trandolapril or zofenopril or teprotide).tw. 17 or/11-16 18 exp Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/ 19 (angiotensin$ adj4 receptor$ adj3 (antagon$ or block$)).tw. 20 exp losartan/ 21 (KT3-671 or candesartan or eprosartan or irbesartan or losartan or
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Beta Blockers - a Brief Review Tv
    IJRPC 2018, 8(4), 508-529 Namratha et al. ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Review Article A STUDY ON BETA BLOCKERS - A BRIEF REVIEW TV. Namratha*, KC. Chaluvaraju and AM. Anushree Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru-560 027, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT Beta blockers are agents or drugs which competitively inhibit the action of catecholamines at the beta adrenergic receptors, which are mainly used to treat variety of clinical conditions like angina, hypertension, asthma, COPD and arrhythmias. These drugs are also useful in several other therapeutic situations including shock, premature labor and opioid withdrawal, and as adjuncts to general anesthetics. These drugs produce their effect by interacting with the beta adrenergic receptors. In the present communication, an effort has been made to compile beta adrenergic receptors and the chemistry, discovery and development, classification and therapeutic applications of beta blockers. Keywords: Beta blockers, adrenergic receptors, catecholamines and aryloxypropanolamines. 1. INTRODUCTION Beta blockers were first developed by Sir 1.1 Adrenergic receptors James Black in 1962. The structures of The ability of a molecule to selectively these receptors have been studied by x- agonize or antagonize adrenergic ray crystallography.5 In the current article receptor made great advances in beta blockers are majorly focused with pharmacotherapeutics. The discovery of respect to their location, functions adrenergic receptors lead to major mediated, discovery and development, development of newer adrenergic SAR, classification, structures and agonists as well as antagonist.1 therapeutic applications. Adrenergic receptors are 7- transmembrane spanning receptors 1.2 Locations and agonistic action of beta which mediate both central and adrenergic receptors6 peripheral actions of the adrenergic The following are the various beta neurotransmitters.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Beta-Adrenoreceptors in Vivo with Iodine-131 Pindolol and Gamma Scintigraphy Bernadette Hughes', David R
    Characterization of Beta-Adrenoreceptors In Vivo with Iodine-131 Pindolol and Gamma Scintigraphy Bernadette Hughes', David R. Marshall, Burton E. Sobel, and Steven R. Bergmann CardiovascularDivision, WashingtonUniversitySchoolof Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri The aim of this study to was to assess the feasibility of using iodopindolol to delineate myocardial beta-adrenoreceptors in vivo. Preliminary biodistribution studies indicated that binding of 131l-d,l-pindolol in the heart was stereospecific, saturable, and displaceable by l-propranolol but not by phenoxybenzamine. However, considerable nonspecific binding was encountered. Subsequently, the stereoisomer, 131l-l-pindolol, was shown to be a high affinity beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist (Kd ~0.37 r\M) as assessed by Scatchard analysis, and one exhibiting marked specific uptake in lung and heart in rabbits. In contrast, 131l-d-pindolol exhibited no specific binding in rabbit left ventricular membrane preparations nor specific organ uptake. Gamma camera scintigraphy with both isomers demonstrated that the l-isomer accumulated in lung and heart, and that its accumulation was blocked by l-propranolol. In contrast, d-isomer uptake was nonspecific and diffuse. The results indicate that it should be possible to externally visualize receptors by differentiating specific and nonspecific binding components of a ligand in vivo with the use of radiolabeled stereoisomers. J NucíMed 27:660-667, 1986 Alterations of beta-adrenoreceptor number and af Recently, iodopindolol ([125I]PIN)has been charac finity have been implicated in cardiac disorders associ terized as a high affinity beta-adrenoreceptor ligand ated with ischemia (/). reperfusion (2), and congestive exhibiting minimal nonspecific binding in membrane heart failure (3). Analysis of adrenergic density in these preparation studies (6,7).
    [Show full text]
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US010493080B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No.: US 10,493,080 B2 Schultz et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : Dec. 3 , 2019 ( 54 ) DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION OF (56 ) References Cited OLIGODENDROCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS TO A MYELINATING CELL FATE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,301,071 B2 11/2007 Zheng (71 ) Applicants : The Scripps Research Institute , La 7,304,071 B2 12/2007 Cochran et al. Jolla , CA (US ) ; Novartis AG , Basel 9,592,288 B2 3/2017 Schultz et al. 2003/0225072 A1 12/2003 Welsh et al. ( CH ) 2006/0258735 Al 11/2006 Meng et al. 2009/0155207 Al 6/2009 Hariri et al . (72 ) Inventors : Peter Schultz , La Jolla , CA (US ) ; Luke 2010/0189698 A1 7/2010 Willis Lairson , San Diego , CA (US ) ; Vishal 2012/0264719 Al 10/2012 Boulton Deshmukh , La Jolla , CA (US ) ; Costas 2016/0166687 Al 6/2016 Schultz et al. Lyssiotis , Boston , MA (US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73 ) Assignees : The Scripps Research Institute , La JP 10-218867 8/1998 Jolla , CA (US ) ; Novartis AG , Basel JP 2008-518896 5/2008 (CH ) JP 2010-533656 A 10/2010 WO 2008/143913 A1 11/2008 WO 2009/068668 Al 6/2009 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this WO 2009/153291 A1 12/2009 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO 2010/075239 Al 7/2010 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days . (21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /418,572 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Molin - Holgado et al . “ Regulation of muscarinic receptor function in ( 22 ) Filed : Jan. 27 , 2017 developing oligodendrocytes by agonist exposure ” British Journal of Pharmacology, 2003 , 138 , pp .
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacotherapy for Mild Hypertension (Review) – the Cochrane Collaboration
    Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension (Review) Diao D, Wright JM, Cundiff DK, Gueyffier F This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 11 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension (Review) Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S HEADER ....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY .............................. 2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON . 2 BACKGROUND .................................... 5 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 5 METHODS ...................................... 5 RESULTS ....................................... 6 Figure 1. ..................................... 7 DISCUSSION ..................................... 8 Figure 2. ..................................... 9 AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS ............................... 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................ 10 REFERENCES ..................................... 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDIES ............................. 13 DATA AND ANALYSES .................................. 19 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Treatment versus No Treatment, Outcome 1 Mortality. 19 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Treatment versus No Treatment, Outcome 2 Stroke. 20 Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Treatment versus No Treatment, Outcome 3 Coronary Heart Disease. 20 Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Treatment versus
    [Show full text]
  • Beta Adrenoceptor Blockade Mimics Effects of Stress on Motor Activity in Mice Eric A
    ELSEVIER Beta Adrenoceptor Blockade Mimics Effects of Stress on Motor Activity in Mice Eric A. Stone, Ph.D., Sanil J. Manavalan, M.D., Yi Zhang, M.D., and David Quartennain, Ph.D. Reduced central noradrenergic function has been was effective only on swimming, whereas a membrane implicated as a factor in reduced behavioral activity after stabilizing agent, d-propranolol, was effective only on stress. The present studies examined the role of reduced grooming behavior. The peripherally active beta-1 beta adrenergic neurotransmission in mediating this antagonist, atenolol, was not effective on any measure. effect. This was done by testing the ability of beta The nonspecific dopaminergic receptor blocker, receptor antagonists to mimic the behavioral actions of fluphenazine, reduced locomotion but tended also to stress. Mice were subjected to stress or given various beta reduce grooming. The results indicate that blockade of antagonists and tested for swimming behavior, locomotor beta-1 receptors in the CNS selectively mimics the action activity, or grooming behavior. As previously reported, of stress on gross motor activity in mice and, along with stress reduced swimming and locomotor activity and previous data, suggest that stress leads to a relative increased grooming. Both the nonselective antagonist, deficiency in central beta-1 noradrenergic 1-propranolol, and the beta-1 selective antagonist, neurotransmission in these animals. betaxolol, produced the same effects as stress on all three [Neuropsychopharmacology 12:65-71, 1995] measures. A beta-2 selective antagonist, ICI 118,551, KEY WORDS: Stress; Beta adrenoceptors; Propranolol; The mechanism by which stress causes hypoactivity Betaxolol; ICI 118,551; Atenolol; Motor activity; has been under investigation for a number of years.
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscover the POWER of Radiometric Detection
    REDISCOVER THE POWER OF RADIOMETRIC DETECTION RADIOMETRIC REAGENTS GUIDE 2010-2011 Your resource for essential research tools you can trust. A Head B Head STILL THE MOST SENSITIVE Radiometric detection remains the standard used by researchers in many scientific applications. Its’ unprecedented sensitivity gives results that technicians and scientists can trust. Table of Contents of Contents Table n NEN Radiochemicals & Radionuclides Reference Guide 32P-Labeled Nucleotides . 4. 33P-Labeled Nucleotides . 5. 35S-Labeled Nucleotides . 6. 35S-Labeled Amino Acids . 7. 125I Labeled Products . 8. 3H- and 14C-Labeled Products . 12. Radionuclides . 14. n Therapeutic Radionuclides . 17. n Radioimmunoassay Kits . 18. n Technical, Safety & Storage Information . 19. n Radionuclide Safe Handling Guides . 21. n Common Radiochemical Measurements & Conversions . 24. n Vial Packaging . 26. n Radiochemical “ABC” Product Listing . 30. n Films, Screens & Accessories . 119. n Dedicated Microplates for Scintillation Counting . 120 n Custom Radiosynthesis & Radiolabeling Services . 121. n SPA Reagents & Technologies . 127. n Radiation Safety Equipment . 131. n Radiometric Detection Instrumentation . 133. n Scintillation Cocktails & Consumables . 137. n GPCR Membrane Guide . 161. Ordering Guide n To Place an Order/Payment Options/Product Availability & Delivery . 171. n Changes or Cancellations/Product Inspection, Credits & ReturnsTechnical Support . 172. n Online Ordering . 173. n Terms & Conditions of Sale . 177. n Licensing Requirements . 179. n Technical Support . 181. www.perkinelmer.com/RadiometricDetection 2 50 YEARS OF SUCCESS For over 50 years PerkinElmer has been a leading supplier of radiochemicals, liquid scintillation cocktails, vials and nuclear counting detection instruments. Today is no different. We have always been committed to NEN Radiochemicals providing you products for all of your radiometric needs and we are still committed today.
    [Show full text]
  • Beta-Blockers and Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System for Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (Review)
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Review) Martin N, Manoharan K, Thomas J, Davies C, Lumbers RT Martin N, Manoharan K, Thomas J, Davies C, Lumbers RT. Beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD012721. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012721.pub2. www.cochranelibrary.com Beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Review) Copyright © 2018 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON . ..... 4 BACKGROUND .................................... 6 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 7 METHODS ...................................... 7 Figure1. ..................................... 9 RESULTS....................................... 11 Figure2. ..................................... 14 Figure3. ..................................... 15 ADDITIONALSUMMARYOFFINDINGS . 20 DISCUSSION ..................................... 27 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 28 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 29 REFERENCES ..................................... 29 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 57 DATAANDANALYSES. 164
    [Show full text]
  • The Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Frail, Older Patients a Systematic Review
    MEDICINE Original Article The Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Frail, Older Patients A Systematic Review Viktoria Mühlbauer*, Dhayana Dallmeier*, Simone Brefka, Claudia Bollig, Sebastian Voigt-Radloff, Michael Denkinger he current recommendations for blood pressure tar- Summary get values and pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension in older people are heterogeneous (1, Background: It is debated whether the treatment goals and decision-making T 2). The 2017 guideline of the American College of Car- algorithms for elderly patients with hypertension should be the same as those for diology recommends a new target value of systolic blood younger patients. The American and European guidelines leave decisions about pressure <130 mmHg for persons ≥ 65 years living at antihypertensive treatment in frail, institutionalized patients up to the treating home (3). For the same age group, the recently published physician. We therefore systematically searched the literature for publications on guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the phamacotherapy of arterial hypertension in frail patients. state a target range of 130 to 139 mmHg for systolic Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Central databases were systematically pressure (level of evidence A) (4). The German Hyperten- searched for randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies, sion League and the German College of General including observational studies, on the pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension in Practitioners and Family Physicians (DEGAM) also elderly patients since the introduction of the concept of frailty, published over the recommend that the blood pressure should be period 1992–2017. <140/90 mmHg in the elderly (5–7). However, the Results: Out of 19 282 citations for randomized, controlled trials and 5659 for DEGAM describes the research data on antihypertensive non-randomized trials and observational studies, four RCTs and three observational treatment in older patients as inadequate (6).
    [Show full text]