ROGER SCHULTZ COMMUNITY PARK MASTER PLAN

AUGUST 2018

FINAL DRAFT Issued 8/3/2018 This document is best viewed in two-page mode. In Adobe Acrobat, click View - Page Display - Two Page View  Show Cover Page in Two Page View ROGER SCHULTZ COMMUNITY PARK MASTER PLAN

Prepared by: Manhattan Parks and Recreation in partnership with National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program

August 2018 [this page intentionally left blank] Acknowledgments City Commission City of Manhattan Staff Linda Morse, Mayor Eddie Eastes, CPRP, Director of Parks and Recreation Mike Dodson, Mayor Pro-tem Wyatt Thompson, PLA, ASLA, CPSI, Assistant Director – primary author Usha Reddi Chandler Nyp, Intern Park Planner – concept graphics Wynn Butler Tim Kellams, Intern Park Planner – site analysis and planning Jared McKee Lesley Frohberg, Intern Park Planner – historical research Karen McCulloh (term expired) Maddie Salerno, Community Relations Intern – graphic design Jay Guarneri, Infrastructure Analyst – GIS mapping Parks & Recreation Advisory Board National Park Service Staff Ed Klimek, Chair Brian Leaders, PLA, RTCA Project Coordinator – technical assistance Mark Bachamp, Vice-chair Rachel Oestmann, RTCA Intern – GIS mapping Darell Edie Manhattan Parks and Recreation staff led this master plan study with Curt Herrman assistance from the National Park Service. MHKPRD was awarded a Dave Schafer technical assistance grant through the National Park Service Rivers, Trails Sue Maes and Conservation Assistance Program. Brian Leaders, RLA, served as the Elaine Johannes RTCA Project Coordinator, and provided invaluable insight throughout Linda Teener (term expired) this process. Refer to the appendix for information on the RTCA program. Brian Thomason (term expired) Marcia Rozell (term expired) Leah Fliter (term expired) Community Partners Patricia Hudgins (term expired) The planning effort also benefited from numerous community partners. David Dzewaltowski (term expired) The following individuals were instrumental to the success of this plan. Bruce McMillan (term expired) Details of their specific contributions are noted in the following chapters. Tim and Angie Schultz, Schultz Real Estate Development Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Diane Barker, Mike Haddock, and Valerie Wright, Kansas Native Plant Committee Society David Colburn, Chair Lisa Julian, Janet Stark, John Wolters, and the 2016 6th grade class at Brent Chamberlain, Vice-Chair Amanda Arnold Elementary School Paul Benne Aaron Apel and Mike Goodwin, Kansas Trails Council Jonathan Eden Lauren Ritterbush, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Joseph Edmunds Social Work, Kansas State University Brian Hardeman Katie Kingery-Page and Lee Skabelund, Department of Landscape Karen Hawes Architecture, Kansas State University Julie Hettinger Carol Blocksome, Ryan Sharp, and Kyle Wait, Department of Adam Inman Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University Seth Scobee Jason Hartman, Kansas Forest Service Greg Kramos, US Fish & Wildlife Service Arts & Humanities Advisory Board Irene (Miller) Abramowitz and Vicki (Miller) Bronfman Aaron Oleen, Chair Julie Pentz, Vice-chair Rebecca Hackemann-Bahlmann Finally, this plan would not be possible without input from hundreds of Charlene Brownson Manhattan residents who participated in this planning process. Thank Dr. Michaeline Chance-Reay you for engaging with us online, at City Hall, and at the park. Wayne Goins Karen McCulloh Sujatha Prakash Hilary Wahlen Hannah Kleopfer (term expired) [this page intentionally left blank] TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2: Park History 7 CHAPTER 3: Site Assessment 13 CHAPTER 4: Public Engagement 43 CHAPTER 5: Concept Design 53 CHAPTER 6: Final Concept 69 CHAPTER 7: Implementation 85 CHAPTER 8: Management Strategy 95 CHAPTER 9: Conclusion 105 Appendices 107 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 1: Introduction

This park master plan is a long-range vision for the Roger Schultz Community Park (formerly known as the Park at Lee Mill Heights). The plan responds to the site’s natural and cultural resources and community-identified priorities. This document begins with the history of the site and its acquisition by the City of Manhattan for a new public park. Subsequent chapters describe the planning process, including community engagement efforts, site inventory and analysis, and concept development. The final chapters describe the plan’s recommendations, phased implementation strategy, and funding options.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 1 Site Context The Roger Schultz Community Park is an undeveloped 93-acre park in the southwest quadrant of Manhattan, Kansas. The parkland is owned by the City of Manhattan and was annexed in 2015. The parkland was acquired through a combination purchase and land donation. Surrounding land uses include residential on the south and east (predominantly single family detached), rangeland to the north, and undeveloped land and some residential to the west. There are three public access points: from Miller Parkway, a major collector roadway that bisects the park; Loma Ridge Drive, a local street, on the east; and Hunter Drive, a local Figure 1: The park is an oasis of tallgrass prairie and street on the north. The site is comprised of rolling woodlands within the City of Manhattan. prairie with steep slopes and deep, wooded ravines. There is approximately 165 feet of elevation change on the site. Several high points offer stunning views of the park and the Kansas River Valley in the distance.

Figure 2: Looking south into the park from Miller Parkway.

Neighborhood Context The park is located in Lee Mill Heights, an affluent and rapidly growing neighborhood on the west side of Manhattan. Analysis completed as part of the 2014 Manhattan Urban Area Comprehensive Plan showed that residents of this area have limited access to parks and open spaces. Anneberg Park, to the north, and Warner Park, to the east, are both more than one and a half miles away, with limited walking potential for many residents. Using existing sidewalks and trails, approximately 420 residences are within ½ mile (10 minute walk). Approximately 970 residences are within 1-mile walk or bike ride to the park. With appropriate Figure 3: Entrance to the Lee Mill Heights neighborhood. planning, an additional 135 residences directly south of the park could also gain access. Many of these residents are families with young children. Due to topography of the area, many homes lack usable back yards for play and recreation.

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1/2 Mile (10 minute) aprox. 420 residences Figure 6: N  1 Mile (20 minute) Park Walkability Map aprox. 970 residences Park Walkability Map 1 inch = 1,000 feet [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 2: Park History

This chapter of the master plan provides a brief history of the parkland. Information for this section was compiled from research at Riley County Historical Museum, Riley County Genealogical Society, Riley County Register of Deeds, the Manhattan Archaeological Survey, Planning Board and City Commission memos, and interviews with Manhattan residents and past owners of the property.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 7 Archaeological History at several locations throughout Manhattan including one on Miller Parkway southeast of the park. It is not According to the Manhattan Archaeological Survey difficult to imagine caravans of soldiers passing by on (Ritterbush 2009), people have lived in the Manhattan the trail, camping or hunting, and looking out across area for thousands of years. Between 13,000 and 8,000 the rolling hills of today’s parkland. years ago, native peoples were attracted to the area by abundant natural resources located within the river In 1890, Charles Sumner Houston purchased 240 acres valleys formed by the confluences of the Kansas River of property in Section 22, Township 10, Range 7 from and Blue River, and major tributaries such as Wildcat the US Federal Government under the Land Act of Creek. Lowland areas were used for hunting and 1820. According to records at the Register of Deeds, gathering food, and later as the sites for permanent C.S. Houston failed to pay a $4,120.00 lien to the settlements. Upland areas were used for lithic (rock) First National Bank of Concordia (possibly also Cloud collection stations, where native people collected flint County Bank of Concordia) and George W. Tittle ended or chert that they later turned into tools. Prominent up with the property in 1893. ridge tops were used for burial sites. The property changed hands multiple times between Archaeological investigations completed throughout 1893 and 1913. One of the owners during this time Manhattan and on private lands near the park have was James Stagg, who settled in Manhattan at the foot identified cultural materials and features that show of a hill now known as Stagg Hill in 1887. the presence of prehistoric peoples. While no burial mounds have been located on the park property itself, there is evidence that the site was used by Native The Miller Ranch Americans as a lithic collection site. In 1944, Sam Miller purchased the property from Gus Roesener. Sam was born April 11, 1897 and emigrated to the United States from Russia in 1914. After serving Kansas Settlement in WWI, Sam moved to Manhattan in 1917 with his In 1854, the Kansas Territory was opened to legal brother, Harry. The Miller’s were one of the first Jewish settlement, bringing an influx of Euro-Americans from families in Manhattan. Sam married Leona Yvonne the eastern United States. Most settlers arrived by (Rosen) Miller in 1923. He worked at an auto junkyard, riverboat, floating the Kansas River from Kansas City. later became a used car salesman, and eventually the The Fort Leavenworth-Fort Riley Military Road was the owner of a car dealership. only overland route through the region, completed in 1855. The trail passed at the base of the hills just 880’ (1/6th mile) south of the park. Remnants of the trail are still visible today. Historical markers are located

Figure 7: Military Trail marker along Miller Parkway. Figure 8: The Miller family owned nearly 1,000 acres in Riley County. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 8 Sam’s passion, however, was horses. He had worked with horses in Russia and purchased over 1,000 acres in Riley County so he could continue that work. Lee Walters worked on the ranch for Sam, taking care of the horses and planting crops in the valley below the site that would become the park. Sam and Leona had six children: Earl, Marvin, Harris, Dorlyn, Irene and Vicki. The family lived near the present day City Library. Irene’s horse, Bill, was fenced in the backyard, but neighbors complained, and Bill eventually moved to the ranch. Irene remembers riding horses on the property and always seeing lots of snakes. Irene recalled a very bad thunderstorm on Figure 9: Sam Miller, daughter Vicki, and horse, Ginger, at Halloween night in 1948. Sam’s horse, Ginger, was the family farm just south of the park site in 1947. struck by lightning. In an unfortunate turn of events, Sam Miller died the next morning, followed shortly by Ginger. Leona Miller owned the land until 1973, at which time she deeded it to her daughters, Irene (Miller) Abramowitz and Vicki (Miller) Bronfman. Irene and Vicki eventually sold portions of the land to Miller Ranch Developers and VMI Developers in the mid- 1990s. This sale would result in development of Miller Ranch and Lee Mill Heights subdivisions where hundreds of Manhattan residents now reside.

Figure 10: Sam and Ginger on the farm in 1947. Photos provided by: Irene Miller Abramowitz Schultz Real Estate Development In 2006, the Lee Mill Land Company purchased land Roger passed away January 24, 2009. Tim and Angie from VMI Developers. The Lee Mill Land Company, Schultz continued to develop new properties in Lee with Roger Schultz at the helm, began development of Mill Heights and elsewhere in Manhattan. Inspired Lee Mill Heights. (That name is said to be a tribute to by trips to Colorado to see their daughters, Tim and Leona “Lee” Miller.) Angie never lost sight of the vision for a new park in southwest Manhattan. Their generosity and desire to Roger Schultz was born November 10, 1938 and leave a legacy to Tim’s father is the reason the 93-acre moved to Manhattan in 1959 to attend Kansas State Park at Lee Mill Heights exists today. Tim and Angie University. He started work with D&R Construction in requested that the City name the park the Roger the 1960s. In 1989, he formed Schultz Construction Schultz Community Park in honor of Tim’s father. with his son, Tim Schultz. As Miller Ranch was building out, Roger saw a need for a park in this growing area of the city. In December 2006, he offered to donate a 1-acre tract in Lee Mill Heights Unit One to the City. The offer was not accepted, but a dialogue about parkland acquisition began and continued for several years.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 9 Park Acquisition The park was acquired by the City over several years In June 2015, Lee Mill Heights Unit 10 was annexed from Tim and Angie Schultz, the land developers into the City. 75.82 acres of parkland was annexed at building the surrounding subdivisions. Discussion the same time. began with developer, Roger Schultz, in December 2006 about parkland in the Lee Mill Heights area. The 1999 In January 2016, Tim Schultz suggested to the Parks and Recreation Strategic Plan called for parkland City Commission that a portion of undeveloped acquisition in developing areas of the community. property located on the north side of Miller Parkway, City Administration and the City Commission were immediately northwest of the park, could offer a supportive of these efforts. The City Commission set suitable connection to the Stone Pointe neighborhoods a goal in 2008 to acquire an additional 32-34 acres of and Anneberg Park. Negotiations ensued, and on parkland to serve new growth areas in Manhattan. March 22, 2016, the City Commission accepted the recommendation of the Parks and Recreation Advisory In early 2008, Tim Schultz identified four tracts of Board and approved a transfer of 15.48 acres in the land that could be available to the City through a Ledgestone Ridge Addition to the City for parkland. combination of donation and purchase. The 2009 City As part of this transfer, the City would assume some Budget included funds for parkland acquisition. On additional cost for constructing Miller Parkway, a trail December 16, 2008, the City Commission accepted a would be built through the new parkland from Miller donation of 41.25 acres in three tracts, and authorized Parkway to Hunter Drive, and a 2-3 acre level green purchase of an adjoining 40.55 acres for park purposes. space would be created along the north side of Miller (11.23 acres of the donated parkland was adjacent to Parkway. The Ledgestone Ridge Trail was completed in Anneberg Park; 30.02 acres were in an unplatted area December 2017. Final grading and preparation of the of Lee Mill Heights, now part of the park subject to this open space is anticipated to occur in 2018 and 2019. plan.) In December 2016, a plat for Lee Mill Heights Unit 11 The value of the 30-acre donation was determined replatted portions of Lee Mill Heights Unit 10 Lots to be $450,000. The 40.55 acres was purchased by 181, 182, and 190. This land, totaling 1.89 acres, was the City of Manhattan for $350,000. In total, this 70 donated to the City and incorporated into the park to acres of parkland cost the City approximately $5,000 allow for better management of storm drainage and per acre, well below the $55,000-65,000 per acre a detention area, and improve opportunity for trail valuation of the surrounding property at the time. access. This addition brought the total park acreage to 93.19 acres. In 2010 and 2011, the City acquired easements and right-of-way for the extension of Miller Parkway. Approximately 3.4 acres of this land would later be dedicated to the park.

Figure 11: Aerial view of the parkland acquired from 2008-2011.

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An extensive site inventory and site analysis of the park site was completed as part of this planning process. Site inventory and analysis are the first steps in the design process. The goal of this work was to document existing conditions of the site; understand the relationships between those characteristics; identify opportunities, constraints and suitable locations for park amenities; and determine if or how the site could change to accommodate possible park uses. The site inventory was based on field investigations, mapping from 2016 aerial photographs, and other research into the natural and cultural elements present on the site. Elements of the inventory were mapped using ArcGIS. Inventory was initially completed on the 75 acres south of Miller Parkway. The 15 acres north of Miller Parkway was added to the park mid-way through this planning process and was considered separately. Maps from each area of analysis were combined for this report.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 13 Geology and Landform According to the Kansas Geological Survey, the The park is located in the Flint Hills, a physiographic region that covers a Flint Hills were once part portion of eastern Kansas from Marshall County to Cowley County (see of vast inland sea. The sidebar). The park landscape is characterized by rolling hills comprised of shallow, silty clay loam soils with exposed rock outcroppings of limestone, Flint Hills are comprised shale, and flint. Multiple drainageways and small streams have cut deep of limestone and flint, ravines amidst these hills. A prominent hilltop is located just west of the laid down in layers Loma Ridge entrance, near the center of the park. There is approximately and built up over the 165 feet of change from the lowest point on the site to the top of this centuries in this aquatic hill. Other localized highpoints exist elsewhere on the site, along several environment. Flint ridgelines originating from this point. The parkland adjacent to Miller is much harder than Parkway has been dramatically changed by construction of the road and limestone. As wind and surrounding developments. These areas, that are relatively flat today, water erode the native are the result of rocky fill material that was dumped into two major limestone, the exposed drainageways during construction of Miller Parkway. flint breaks down into gravel, which litters the ground surface. These rocky soils were not conducive to farming, but were suitable pasture for grazing livestock. As such, much of the Flint Hills remains tallgrass prairie.

Figure 13: Change in elevation within the park, compared to Johnny Kaw.

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Park Boundary Soil Types Geary Benfield-Florence Clime Clime-Sogn Figure 17: N Wymore-Kennebec Soil Types 1 inch = 450 feet Flora and Fauna The park is host to a variety of switchgrass), as well as numerous food, and space for numerous plants and wildlife native to the species of native forbs (flowering species of insects, grazers, birds, Flint Hills. plants). Red cedar and other woody and carnivores. Residents have vegetation (sumac, dogwood) reported seeing many native Flint The park is comprised of four present in the upland areas of Hills animals in the park. Nearby major plant typologies: grassland, the park are invasive species, undeveloped parcels create larger deciduous woodland, juniper indicative of prairie that has not patches and corridors that allow woodland, and mixed grass/ been actively managed in recent wildlife to move through the park juniper. The open prairie grassland years by prescribed fire or grazing. as well. Kyle Wait, a Research and oak-hickory woodlands are Approximately half (47 acres) of Associate in the Department of examples of healthy Flint Hills the parkland is classified as mixed Horticulture and Natural Resources ecosystems. These areas comprise juniper woodland or mixed grass/ at Kansas State University, set up approximately 39 of the 93 acres. juniper. a wildlife camera in the park as The park contains all four major part of a two-year study on urban prairie grasses common to the The relatively large expanse of carnivores. His camera captured tallgrass prairie (big bluestem, open grassland and wooded an impressive number of “wildlife little bluestem, Indiangrass and ravines in the park provide habitat, selfies.”

Figure 18: Native prairie and wood-land comprise about 40% of the park. Figure 19: “Wildlife selfie” station.

Figure 20: Photos of wildlife in the park. Photo credit: Kyle Wait.

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The tallgrass prairie ecosystem once covered most of the midwestern United States. Due to development and agricultural uses, less than 4% of the original tallgrass prairie remains, most of it in the Flint Hills of Kansas. Tallgrass prairie ecosystems are dominated by grasses such as Big Bluestem, Indian grass, Little Bluestem, and Switchgrass. Forbs, herbaceous flowering plants, are common amongst the grasses.

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Figure 23: Native plants that may be found in the park. PLANTS & ANIMALS OF THE FLINT HILLS

The grasses and forbs play an important role in the tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The forbs help attract pollinators such as birds, Longhorn Beetle Giant Swallowtail bees, and butterflies. The tall grasses provide food and cover for numerous native species.

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Figure 24: Common wildlife that may be found in the park. Archaeology Formal archaeological investigations within the park have not been conducted, but cursory evaluations of parts of the site have been completed by Lauren Ritterbush, a local archaeologist. Based on past research and preliminary site investigations, it is doubtful that burial mounds exist within the park. However, some of the upland slopes do appear to have served as lithic collection stations. Chert flakes amongst the rock outcroppings at elevations 1230-1240 and 1250-1260 show evidence of human influence. It is recommended that a professional archaeologist be on site for any major excavations, and that a more thorough and methodical review of areas affected by trail development be completed prior to any land clearing or construction. Figure 25: Archaeologist Lauren Ritterbush conducting a preliminary Viewsheds archaeological investigation at the park in April 2017. The park is located on one of the higher ridge tops in Manhattan. The higher elevation and natural topography lends itself to views of the surrounding countryside. A viewshed analysis was conducted using ArcGIS to identify major landmarks in the Manhattan area that are theoretically visible from the park. Existing structures or trees may block views from certain vantage points or in some seasons. From certain points in the park, a person can see southwest to the Manhattan Regional Airport and across the Eureka Valley, southeast towards the Konza Prairie, and north toward the K-State campus and Top of the World at Washington Marlatt Park. A viewshed analysis was also completed for each home site bordering the park to determine areas of the park that would be visible by neighboring residents. By extension, this analysis showed areas in the park where Figure 26: A chert flake discovered views back to neighboring homes were most likely to occur. The analysis during the preliminary investigation. considered topographic change, but did not account for existing vegetation that could screen views to or from the park. In the Site Analysis, views into the park were generally considered a benefit to adjacent properties. The park’s open spaces offer a scenic backdrop for residents, and “eyes on the park” tend to discourage inappropriate behavior. Locating certain park activities away from direct sight or screening some park activity areas, however, may still be warranted.

Wind and Sun The uplands are highly exposed to both wind and sun. North facing slopes and lowland areas are more sheltered due to the topography and shade from mature trees. In 2008, a tornado passed over the southern portion of the park depositing debris and damaging trees, particularly on the eastern Figure 27: Scenic view from the edge of the site. Ledgestone Ridge open space.

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L Park Boundary June 2008 Tornado Path Wind Exposure Exposed Figure 32: N Sheltered Wind Exposure 1 inch = 450 feet Utilities A variety of public and private utilities are located within and near the park. Water Electric A 12” water main is located on the north side of Miller Westar Energy has installed an underground Parkway. During construction of Miller Parkway, an 8” transmission line in the right-of-way on the north main was installed south across the road to provide side of Miller Parkway, with transformers set water service to that portion of the park. An 8” main approximately 600’ apart. Electric service for the park on the north side of Loma Ridge Drive terminates at may be obtained from these existing transformers. a fire hydrant at the park entrance. An 8” line is also One is located in the northern part of the park, just located on the south side of Hunter Drive at the far east of the Ledgestone Trail. A second transformer is north end of the park. Water pressure along Miller located across the street from the southern portion Parkway is estimated to be in excess of 50 psi. of the park. A third transformer is located at the park entrance at Loma Ridge Drive. In July 2017 Westar Sanitary installed street lights along Miller Parkway from Ladera The nearest sanitary sewer is an 8” main located Circle to Scenic Drive. Additional street lights can be on Lichen Lane, approximately 210’ from the park added at park entrance(s) as necessary. entrance at Loma Ridge. An 8” sanitary sewer main is also installed on the north side Miller Parkway, with a Storm Water stub south across the road into the park near the west The park is divided into five primary watersheds end of the site. 8” sanitary mains are installed on the ranging in size from approximately 5 acres to over 63 east side of Ledgestone Ridge Court, immediately west acres. Four major drainageways and two dry detention of the Ledgestone Ridge Trail. Ladera Circle and Ladera basins are located in the park. One basin, located Court to the northeast of the park are served by an 8” north of Miller Parkway, was constructed in 2007, main extended from the rear yards on the east side of upstream of Stone Pointe Addition Unit 2. This basin the development. Ledgestone Ridge Court and Ladera receives drainage from Ledgestone Ridge, adjacent Circle are higher in elevation, so any connection to that undeveloped lands, and a natural spring located in the sanitary sewer system would require a pump. At the woods north of the dam (Watershed #1). The second north end of the park, an 8” sanitary main is installed basin, south of Miller Parkway, was constructed in on the north side of Hunter Drive. 2016 with Lee Mill Heights Unit 10 and later added to the park. Storm water from Lee Mill Heights Units 4, Gas 7, and 10 is diverted into this basin before entering a Major gas transmission and distribution lines bisect natural drainageway and exiting the park to the west the southern end of the park. The two lines are (Watershed #2). Storm water from Miller Parkway parallel with Loma Ridge Drive. At the far south end of and portions of Lee Mill Heights Unit 3 is piped to a the park, the paths of the two lines diverge as one of drainageway on the east edge of the park, where the the lines turns more sharply to the south. Kansas Gas water exits the site at the southeast corner (Watershed service owns a 100’ easement for these lines. A gas #5). Two smaller channels convey stormwater to the line is also located on the south side of Miller Parkway west and south (Watershed #3 and #4). between the curb and sidewalk.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 30

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Less Area Drained Figure 34: N Park Boundary Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Watersheds 1 inch = 450 Page feet 32 Zoning Considerations General zoning: The park is zoned R-1. The R-1 District permits parks and playgrounds and no specific limitations are listed for parkland in this district. A 25’ Building Setback is required along Miller Parkway. The maximum structure height is 35’. Other setback requirements typically applied to the zoning district are not required because of the site’s use as a public recreation area. Airport Overlay The park is also in the Airport Overlay (AO) District and within the Conical Zone. The Manhattan Regional Airport is located approximately two miles west of the park. The Conical Zone, in general terms, is the airspace that extends outward and upward in relationship to the airport runway, and depicts the three dimensional area that a plane could use on its approach or take-off. This zoning restricts the height of structures (including trees) on the underlying land. Portions of the existing Figure 35: Low flying aircraft on approach to Manhattan Regional Airport are a common site in the park. ridge top actually penetrate the Conical Zone. Planned structures within the Conical Zone will be required to obtain an Airport Compatible Use Permit from the FAA. Structures may also be required to have lights on top of the roof so the obstruction is easy for pilots to see. Proximity to the airport also restricts activities like flying drones or kites. Lighting must be shielded and pointed downward; uplighting will not be allowed. Easements Easements within and surrounding the park were mapped. Within the park, there is a platted gas easement near Loma Ridge Drive, a utility easement along Miller Parkway, and utility and drainage easements near Hunter Drive. South of the park are several conservation easements that also allow the City to construct trails. These easements offer opportunities to extend a trail network beyond the park boundary to connect surrounding neighborhoods.

Figure 36: The airport runway in the distance as viewed from the park.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 33 Anneberg Park

PARK AT LEE MILL HEIGHTS

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Figure 40: Site suitability method diagram.

This process was repeated utilizing slope, tree canopy, and terrain ruggedness for trails. Soils, slope, airport overlay, easements, distance to entry points, and views into the park were considered to identify areas best suited for structures such as restrooms or playgrounds.

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O Trail Suitability L Unsuitable Possible Suitable Figure 44: N Ideal Total Suitability 1 inch = 450 feet [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 4: Public Engagement

The planning process incorporated numerous opportunities for the public to participate in the planning effort. Meetings were held at City Hall and at the park to set goals, view concepts in development, and explore the new parkland. Several special events were also held at the park to introduce residents to the park and highlight some of the fun and educational programming opportunities that the park could offer.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 43 Input Opportunities Online Survey An online survey was available from February 2 to A neighborhood meeting was held on April 10, 2015 March 2, 2016. The survey was promoted online at the to discuss annexation of Lee Mill Heights Unit 10 and City website and through social media, as well as yard the adjacent parkland. Thirteen residents came to the signs placed at the park and along Miller Parkway. In meeting, and the discussion primarily focused on the total, 387 residents participated in the survey. park. On June 1, 2015 a group of residents came to the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board (PRAB) to Survey respondents generally preferred a less further show their support for creating a plan for the developed park that allowed passive recreation to park. On July 6, 2015 the PRAB voted 6-0 to support occur within a natural setting. According to the survey an application to the National Park Service RTCA respondents, activities that should be encouraged Program. On October 9, 2015, the City was notified include hiking paths and trails, open space, places for that the grant application had been approved. small groups to gather, and a place for children to play. There was far less support for anything that would One month later, the project officially kicked off disturb the natural landscape like sports fields and with a stakeholder meeting on November 15, 2015. courts, large amounts of paving, or vehicle access. This meeting brought together staff from Parks and Recreation and the National Park Service, as well as local partners, Ryan Sharp (K-State Park Management and Conservation) and Aaron Apel (Manhattan Trail Works and the Kansas Trails Council) to discuss the scope of the project and public engagement strategy, identify additional project partners, and visit the site. Public Meeting #1 The first public meeting was held January 28, 2016 at City Hall. Seventeen residents attended the meeting to provide input on a vision for the park. For the first hour, Figure 45: Residents meet to discuss ideas for the park at the community was invited to drop-in to view posters Meeting #1 in City Hall. that featured site photos, preliminary site inventory data, and image/idea boards. Residents could “vote” for the type of features and amenities they wanted to see in the park by placing dots on images or word associations. During the second hour, a short presentation focused on the project background and goals. This was followed by small-group conversations to further define the public’s vision for the park. Staff facilitated conversations with three groups based on prepared questions. Ideas that came from this meeting included a focus on preserving and restoring native prairie, carving out pockets for developed park amenities within the natural setting, and creating park entrances and amenities that would serve both community and neighborhood users. There were strong preferences for natural hiking trails, restrooms, scenic overlooks, gravel parking areas, and non-programmed activity. Figure 46: Parks and Rec staff lead small group discussions at Meeting #1.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 44 PUBLIC MEETING AND ONLINE SURVEY RESULTS: TOP 10 Q: What activities would you like to see encouraged or promoted in the park? (Listed in order of ranked importance)

1 | Hiking Trails 2 | Scenic Walking Paths

Trails used for recreation and leisure that may include somewhat Easy to walk trails used for recreation, challenging slopes or large elevation changes leisure, and exploration

3 | Biking Trails 4 | Scenic Overlooks

Biking trails with relatively flat slopes used for recreation, Locations that provide scenic views to natural elements, leisure, and exploration landmarks, or wildlife areas from a distance

5 | Restroom Facilities T-6 | Scenic/Nature Viewing T-6 | Mountain Biking/BMX Trails

Facilities that provide toilets, water, and protection from Locations that provide views to nature or Biking trails designed to provide a natural elements such as rain and wind wildlife at a short to medium distance challenge to riders

7 | Children’s Play Area 8 | Pavilion Structure

An area that gives children the opportunity A structure used for picnicking, relaxing, to play and explore events, and protection

T-9 | Interpretive Signage T-9 | Wildlife Viewing 10 | Nature Exploration

Interpretive signage that provides Areas of the park that allow the public to Locations that allow children and adults to explore and narratives and facts about the park, view protected common areas for wildlife examine nature up-close and personal wildlife, or elements in the park

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 45 Figure 47: Top 10 park amenities based on public input. Public Meeting #2 Eighty-six people attended the second public meeting held at the park on March 10, 2016. Posters were on display showing the basic layout of the park and site inventory and analysis that had been further developed since the first meeting. Two posters also summarized the feedback received to that point from stakeholder interviews, public meeting #1, and the online survey. The same image/idea boards created for the first meeting and online survey were used again to give the public, who had not participated previously, an opportunity to share their vision for the park. Feedback from the meeting generally mirrored the survey responses. A major theme coming from neighborhood residents was development of a Figure 48: Residents meet at the park to get an update on the plan at Meeting #2. “neighborhood” entrance at Loma Ridge and a “community” entrance along the Miller Parkway. See Chapter 5 for development of this suggestion. Public Meeting #3 Public Meeting #3 was held at City Hall on July 19, 2016. Fifteen participants gathered before a City Commission meeting to view preliminary conceptual layouts for the park. The poster display included an overall trail concept, two options for development of the parkland immediately south of Miller Parkway, and two options for development of the Loma Ridge entrance. Later that evening, the Commission accepted a $25,000 donation for park development from Tim and Angie Schultz. Public Meeting #4 Two weeks later, on August 4, 2016, Meeting #4 Figure 49: Residents get a sneak peak at park concepts was held at the park. Approximately 50 residents prior to a City Commission meeting at City Hall. participated in this meeting to again review and provide feedback on the preliminary park concepts. The same posters presented at Meeting #3 were available. In addition, written notes describing potential changes to the concepts were added to each poster based on feedback collected at Meeting #3. Participants had the opportunity to comment on specific elements of each proposal on comment cards and sticky notes. Participants were generally supportive of the ideas presented in all concepts. Residents liked the proposed trail network, nature play pathway, and limited development that preserved the natural features of the park. A complete summary of comments is Figure 50: Residents return to the park for Meeting #4 to included in Chapter 5. see updated design concepts. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 46 Advisory Board Input The City of Manhattan hosts numerous citizen advisory Board members discussed several ideas for the design boards and committees to gain input from residents of scenic overlooks. A member of the public suggested on issues affecting the city. This master plan was incorporating a “tree house” to serve as a look-out presented to several boards at various stages of the point. A board member suggested a torii (Japanese planning process. These are open meetings and the archway) to frame a scenic view. public is invited to attend and make comment if they wish. Board members also suggested incorporating a performing arts space in the plan to accommodate Parks and Recreation Advisory Board planned or impromptu musical, dance, or theatrical The Parks and Recreation Advisory Board was involved displays. The board discussed the amount of space throughout the planning process. At the June 1, 2015 required and the size of performance that could meeting, board members heard from a group of reasonably be accommodated on the site. Board residents who advocated for development of children’s members were supportive of a shared amphitheater play areas at the park. At the July 6, 2015 meeting, the space that could accommodate performances and Board showed their support for the RTCA Grant and facilitate outdoor education or similar programs. recommended the City’s application. Brief updates were provided as work progressed on the master plan, and board members were invited to participate in the public meetings. A full update on the progress to date was delivered on August 7, 2017. The board considered the concepts that had been developed and provided input. Bicycle-Pedestrian Advisory Committee The Bicycle-Pedestrian Advisory Committee received an update on Parks and Recreation projects on March 17, 2017, which included the park master plan and a construction update on the Ledgestone Ridge Trail. Arts and Humanities Advisory Board The Arts and Humanities Advisory Board received updates on the park master plan on August 3 and December 7, 2017. The board considered the concepts that had been developed to date and provided input. Board members were sensitive to the community’s desire to showcase the natural beauty of the park. They suggested that public art be appropriately scaled and sited to not encumber scenic views, and that art be selected to highlight the unique environmental qualities of the park. Board members suggested reserving space for a kinetic sculpture (i.e. a piece that would move or make noise (chimes) in response to wind), “hands-on” sculptures in the play areas, and traveling (temporary) sculpture installations. The board was less favorable to murals or mosaics unless Figure 51: Suggestions for art installations at the park they were integral with a structure, as they felt views made by the Arts and Humanities Advisory Board. of the landscape would be a more appropriate “mural.” Photos provided by: Hilary Wahlen Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 47 Amanda Arnold Workshops A unique aspect of community engagement in this master plan was working with students at Amanda Arnold Elementary. The 6th grade classes at Amanda Arnold were selected because many of the students who attend this school live in the Miller Ranch and Lee Mill Heights neighborhoods. Roger Schultz Community Park is “their neighborhood park.” This partnership with USD 383 gave those students a chance to take ownership of the plan and learn more about the park. Manhattan Parks and Recreation worked closely with teachers at Amanda Arnold, Ms. Lisa Julian, Ms. Janet Figure 52: Students worked in groups to learn about Stark, and Mr. John Wolters, to develop a semester- different aspects of the park landscape and design. long curriculum to engage students in the process of park planning. Over the course of the Spring 2016 semester, a group of 60 students met with local professionals for seven park planning activities. Students learned about the site’s ecology and history, outdoor recreation trends, trail building techniques, landscape architecture, and park design. The College of Architecture Planning and Design at Kansas State University donated time in their workshop to enable production of a scale model of the site that students could use to better understand the site’s topography. At the conclusion of these activities, students prepared their own design concepts for the park and presented their work to a group of community partners and civic leaders at the Flint Hills Discovery Center. Ideas from these student concepts were incorporated into the Figure 53: Students took a field trip to the park to gain final park concept plans. some hands-on experience with the prairie.

Figure 54: A scale model of the park helped students Figure 55: The students presented their design proposals understand landform, topography, and drainage. to community leaders at the Flint Hills Discovery Center.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 48 SUMMARY OF AMANDA ARNOLD ELEMENTARY STUDENT WORK

Manhattan Praks and Recreation, along with community partners, worked throughout the 2016 spring semester with 6th graders from Amanda Arnold Elementary to learn about the Park.

The students learned about the site’s ecology and history, outdoor Summary of elements found or mentioned in 6th grade students’ concept recreation trends, landscape design or concept narrative. architecture, and park planning through a series of sessions. In groups, the students made concept design posters for the Miller Parkway and Loma Ridge Drive Entrances.

Figure 56: Student poster summary. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 49 Special Events Manhattan Parks and Recreation hosted several special events at the park throughout the planning process to create excitement about the plan and introduce the community to the new park.

Wildflower Walk On September 19, 2015, two months before the planning effort officially began, Manhattan Parks and Recreation partnered with the Kansas Native Plant Society (KNPS) to host a prairie walk at the park. Nearly 50 people participated in a guided walk on a freshly Figure 57: Residents explore the park while learning mowed half-mile trail. Three guides from the KNPS about the native landscape on the Wildflower Walk. led tours, helped participants identify native prairie grasses and forbs, and discussed the significance of the Flint Hills tallgrass prairie ecosystem.

Family Exploration Day On October 15, 2016, the community was invited to explore the park at this family friendly event. Parks and Recreation, the Flint Hills Discovery Center, Sunset Zoo, and Flint Hills Geocachers were on site to help people discover all that the park has to offer. Participants could hike the mown pathways and learn about flora and fauna native to the Flint Hills. New geocaches were placed for this event, giving veteran Figure 58: Participants check in before starting their hunters and those who were curious, an opportunity adventure on Family Exploration Day. to try the fun outdoor treasure hunting game.

Red Cedar Holiday Harvest Parks and Rec returned to the park for another new event on December 3, 2016. The Red Cedar Holiday Harvest gave residents a chance to cut their own red cedar tree to take home for the holidays. This was a unique opportunity for the public, and was a first step to restore native prairie in the park. Nearly 400 people participated in the event, and 180 trees were removed from the site. Feedback on the event was overwhelmingly positive. The Harvest was held again on December 2, 2017. Over 200 people participated and 160 trees were removed during the second year.

Figure 59: The Red Cedar Holiday Harvest helped residents get into the holiday spirit and cleared hundreds of cedar trees from the park. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 50 Overall Themes Several themes emerged from these engagement opportunities. Generally, Manhattan residents expressed a desire for the following park character, features, and amenities: • A park that can be used for walking and biking • A place to exercise and experience nature • A location for children to play • A space for family gatherings • Amenities that complement the natural landscape rather than fight against it • Amenities that are the right size; nothing that is over-sized to disrupt the natural atmosphere of the park • A quiet and peaceful park that will not disrupt the surrounding neighborhoods (i.e. limited light and noise) • A park that will not encourage unwanted behavior (i.e. vandalism, theft, parties) • Restrooms and water fountains • Gravel, not paved, parking areas • No sports fields/courts

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 51 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 5: Concept Design

Using the information collected through the public engagement process and the site inventory and analysis, multiple conceptual layouts for the park were developed. A key message expressed by the community was for park amenities to work with the natural features of the landscape. The driving concept for the park is, therefore, to cluster more intense development near the park entrances (Loma Ridge and Miller Parkway), connect these activity nodes with trails, and leave a significant portion of the parkland in a natural state. An overall park plan was developed showing how the activity nodes could be connected by an extensive trail network. More detailed site plans at the major park entry points followed.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 53 Conceptual Trail Network Working with the Kansas Trails Council, a conceptual trail plan for the park was prepared. Careful attention was given to planning routes that could be sustainably built and maintained using design principals from the International Mountain Biking Association (IMBA). The proposed trail network is a “stacked loop” system. A stacked loop is a trail system designed with many loops “stacked” on each other, taking advantage of a site’s topographic change and giving users options for varied routes. The stacked system works with the natural contour of the land, allowing multiple trail loops to be constructed in relatively small areas. Elevation differences between the different trail segments afford trail users with a sense of privacy. The trail routes can vary in length and difficulty to provide opportunities for users of differing skills and abilities. The loops share a common beginning and ending point at a trailhead. This type of trail system differs from “out-and-back” routes that forces users to traverse the same path, because the looped trails do not dead-

Legend end. Ledgestone Park Boundary Park at Lee Mill Heights Boundary Ped Pedestrian Access Tract E Ped Overlay Easements & Utilities Type Conservation Park Development Concepts Utility Gas Drainage Drainage/Ped Drainage/Utility Conservation/Drainage Conservation/Drainage/Ped. Conceptual alternatives for two park entrances at Loma Conservation/Drainage/Utility Pedestrian/Utility Structure Suitability Unsuitable Ridge and Miller Parkway were initially identified. A Possible Suitable Overlook Suitabilty Unsuitable concept for the parkland north of Miller Parkway to Possible Suitable Trail Suitability Unsuitable Hunter Drive was developed later once that property Posisble Suitable Ideal was added to the park. 1 inch = 60 feet Figure 60: Initial trail sketch developed in concert with A “two-entrance” concept was proposed to meet the with the Kansas Trails Council. needs of the immediate neighborhood and provide for the needs of the broader community. This idea originated with a comment at Public Meeting #1, and parking to accommodate visitors from throughout the gained support from other residents as the process community. Trails would connect the two areas of the unfolded. A “neighborhood entrance,” located at the park. Loma Ridge entry, would allow residents who live within a 10-minute (half-mile) walk of this entrance Two concepts for each development area were to access neighborhood-park amenities such as a prepared and presented at Public Meetings #3 and 4. playground, small picnic shelter, and restrooms. A Following is a general summary of each concept. trailhead connected to the public sidewalks on Loma Ridge, and a few parking spaces, would facilitate access without encouraging a lot of vehicular traffic. The “community entrance” would be easily accessible from Miller Parkway, a major collector, and provide larger community park amenities such as a destination playground, rentable picnic shelters, restrooms, and Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 54 Figure 61: Preliminary park concept plan. Loma Ridge Concept A This concept includes a small cul-de-sac style parking lot for up to 12 cars. Limestone boulders, native plantings, and an entry sign create a sense of arrival. Hiking trails originate from this trailhead leading northwest toward the Miller Parkway entrance. A paved pathway to the south leads to restrooms near a children’s play area and picnic shelter. The shelter and play area are located along a ridgeline. The children’s area features a nature play pathway. A scenic overlook and a “kid’s overlook” are proposed at the point overlooking the valley below.

Figure 62: Loma Ridge Concept A

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 56 Loma Ridge Concept B This concept includes a hammer-head style parking lot for five vehicles, a smaller native plant area, and entry sign. A restroom is located close to the trailhead parking and hiking paths diverge in several directions from this point. A scenic overlook is proposed on a highpoint west of the entrance. A children’s nature play path surrounds the overlook and leads to a kid’s overlook as well.

Figure 63: Loma Ridge Concept B

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 57 NATURE PLAY PATHWAY

What is a Nature Example Play Pockets Play Pathway? A nature play pathway is a trail “infused with ‘play pockets’ providing opportunities for playing along the way.” The idea of a play pathway is to get kids and adults moving and engaged in their environment. Natural or traditional play elements can be used. However, more natural elements offer greater opportunity to introduce kids to the native landscape and environmental stewardship. Figure 64: Example play pockets. Photo credits: Accessed on Pinterest, Tad Montgomery, World’s Children, Learning Landscapes Benefits of Nature Why include a Nature Play Pathway in this park? Play Pathways It’s a new way to play. Manhattan has lots of traditional playgrounds. A • Extending play value nature play path offers a unique opportunity for a new kind of play that kids and parents can enjoy together. • Enabling health promotion It’s an environmentally sensitive way to play. A typical play structure • Expanding inclusion would require disturbing a large area. Play pockets can be designed to fit with the landscape, minimizing disturbance to the native prairie that is the • Engaging with nature hallmark of this park. • Reinforcing environmental It’s a flexible way to play. Site constraints like topography, rocky soils, literacy a major gas line, and airport flight paths restrict structures in certain • Growing community areas of the park. Nature play paths allow play to happen in areas where social capital traditional playgrounds cannot be built. Example Play Path Configurations

FigureRoger Schultz65: Example Community play path Park configurations. Master Plan Photos credit: Pathways For Play Page 58 STACKED LOOP TRAIL SYSTEM

A looped trail system is defined by a common beginning and ending point. Looped systems are a great way to maximize the use of the available terrain.

Reasons why looped trails work: • Provides users a new experience because the trail does not cover the same terrain twice. The trail also does not dead end, allowing the user to return back to where they began (i.e. a parking lot or trailhead). • Reduces the number of collisions due to fewer instances of trails crossing. • Discourages users from making their own trails because each loop provides a different experience. • Provides the opportunity for different trail difficulty levels. This means more variety of trails and appeals to all different skill levels.

Diagram of a Stacked Loop Trail System

Figure 66: Stacked loop trails work with the contour of the land. Photo credit: Kansas Cyclist

Application to the Park at Lee Mill Heights The Stacked Loop System can be applied to the Park because of the large elevation change and form of the Flint Hills.

Core Loop Open and Flowing

Middle Loops Hybrid

Core Loop: Levels 1-2, paved or rock surface

Middle Loops: Levels 2-3, rock or natural surface

*Outer Loops: Level 4, natural or dirt surface

*Outer Loops Figure 67: Trail rating system. Photo Tight and Technical credit: Voelker Park Master Plan Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 59 Miller Concept A This concept is centered on a large picnic shelter and plaza. Scenic alcoves built into the hillside complete the space and provide opportunities for individuals or small groups to gather and enjoy the view across the park. The scenic overlook alcoves are envisioned to be built of limestone with timber trellis overhead for shade. A parking lot for 40 cars on the west end of the area is accessed from a single entry off Miller Parkway. A small play lawn separates the public use areas from the parking lot. The playground would provide opportunities for children aged 2-12. The playground could include manufactured or natural play elements. It could be enclosed with a fence with one or two gated entry points or surrounded by plants to form a softer landscaped buffer. Trees and canopies are proposed to shade the playground. Paved pathways are shown connecting to the public sidewalk along Miller Parkway. A rock surface trail extends to the south toward the Loma Ridge entrance.

Figure 68: Miller Parkway Concept A

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 60 Miller Concept B The centerpiece of this concept is a circular nature play courtyard. The courtyard could feature native plant demonstration gardens, nature play elements, or a large (sculptural) climbing feature. This area functions as the entry point for two separate play areas for 2-5 year olds and 5-12 year olds. Shade structures or canopies provide places for parents to rest. A restroom is located nearby. The eastern end of this site is proposed as a large play lawn. Paved pathways connect to the public sidewalk along Miller Parkway and loop around the play area. A scenic overlook path with a stone wall provides places to sit and enjoy the view. A 30-stall parking lot is accessed from two points along Miller Parkway. A landscape berm could screen views to the parking lot from the roadway. A large shelter and amphitheater are shown built into the natural contour of the hillside. A rock surface trail extends to the south toward the Loma Ridge entrance.

Figure 69: Miller Parkway Concept B

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 61 Ledgestone Ridge Open Space Concept As the master plan process was underway, planning began for the Ledgestone Ridge addition, immediately northwest of the park. This parcel had previously been platted for a large apartment complex. A pedestrian trail had been planned along the east side of the property. The trail was to be constructed from Miller Parkway to Hunter Drive, creating a pedestrian-bicycle connection to Anneberg Park. The apartment complex was never built, and the new landowner, Tim Schultz, decided to develop the site for single-family homes. Both the City and the developer recognized the value of the trail connection, and worked together to dedicate more parkland and develop the 0.4-mile paved trail. A concept was prepared for the remaining park area including an open playfield, picnic areas, and trails. The goal for this area was to create a large open playfield where neighborhood activities or drop-in sports practices could occur. Significant fill has already been placed to create approximately 2 acres of level ground for these activities. A small parking area was considered during concept development. Ultimately, however, parking was not included in the draft concept because of the limited amount of usable ground and the proximity of other parking proposed on the south side of Miller Parkway.

Figure 70: Ledgestone Ridge open space concept.

Figure 71: Ledgestone Ridge Trail near Hunter Drive. Figure 72: Ledgestone Ridge Trail near Miller Parkway. Photo credit: Jared Tremblay

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 62 SCENIC OVERLOOKS

Less Developed Why create scenic overlooks in the park? Scenic Overlooks help enrich the park-going experience in many ways. Overlooks can provide a place to rest, view nature, and learn about the environment through interpretive signage. Roger Schultz Community Park offers many scenic viewing opportunities to areas inside and outside the park.

What level of development is desired at the park’s scenic overlooks? The style, materials and level of development are important to consider when planning the overlooks. During the planning process, residents were presented with examples of existing scenic overlooks at other parks, ranging form a simple bench to highly detailed structures. Generally, feedback from the community favored more simple opportunities to sit and enjoy the view. There may be opportunities to create multiple scenic overlooks for the park and each site could be treated differently depending on its location.

Figure 73: Senic overlooks typology. More Developed Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 63 Community Feedback Feedback from two public meetings on all aspects of play pathways were skeptical, but as the concept was these concepts was generally very positive. more fully developed and explained, parents became more open to the idea. Several neighborhood kids who Participants in the public meetings liked that most of attended public meeting #4 were especially excited the park was left in anatural state. There seems to be about this new type of play. Traditional play elements, significant support for management of the park as a such as climbers or slides, should also be considered at natural area, including preservation and restoration of the Loma Ridge nature play area to satisfy residents’ the native prairie through removal of invasive woody desire for those activities. Attention should also be vegetation. A more detailed discussion of the proposed given to the location of the play area, restrooms, and land management strategy for this park is in Chapter 8. picnic shelter at Loma Ridge. Some residents expressed Almost all comments about the proposed trail system a desire to have those amenities closer to the entrance were supportive. Neighborhood residents are often than shown on either concept. seen walking along Miller Parkway, and the mown Overall, Miller Parkway Entry Concept A was paths in the park have seen extensive use. A proper preferred by most people. Residents preferred a single system of well-built trails is expected to be highly vehicular access point from Miller Parkway. New utilized. It is necessary to consider all users in the final curb cuts on Miller Parkway should align with future trail plan. Some paved or hard-surface trail should be entrances planned on the north side of the road, and considered for visitors who may desire an easier, more follow guidelines established by the Manhattan Area accessible route. It is also important to connect as Transportation Strategy (MATS). There was concern many neighborhoods as possible to the park. Building about the close proximity of parking to the playground trail in pedestrian and conservation easements south shown in Concept B. (This is similar to parking in of the park will provide even more residents with City Park, which has also elicited comments about access to the proposed park amenities. safety.) One challenge noted by a few residents was When presented with images of different scenic that parking option A could not be easily expanded overlook types on a spectrum from “less developed” if 40 spaces were not adequate for larger gatherings. (such as a simple bench) to “more developed” (highly Residents expressed greater comfort with the location detailed structures), the public generally leaned and configuration of theConcept A playground. It was toward lesser developed. There are multiple scenic important for parents to be able to monitor children overlook points planned for the park and each site of different ages who may be playing in 2-5 or 5-12 could be treated differently depending on the location play areas. For these residents, option A appeared and resources available for park development. to be more open and visible. It may be possible to incorporate a courtyard entry, like in option B, and Parents of young children were very supportive of address the visibility concerns. Concerns were also including playgrounds in the park. Some residents expressed about children running towards Miller thought the park should be entirely natural. Use of Parkway. Consideration should be given to enclosing natural materials, colors, and themes could help the play space or providing a barrier (fence, low wall, integrate the playgrounds into the native landscape. dense plantings) between the playground and street. A water play feature was requested by several residents. There was no clear preference for the Loma Ridge Some residents liked the large play lawn and the Drive Entry Concepts. Several residents preferred the paved pathway around the playground in Concept B. Concept A parking layout, as it provided a smoother traffic flow. At least one resident preferred Concept B Comfort while in the park was important to many because the area devoted to cars was smaller. Parking residents. Shaded areas and seating should be should be gravel-surfaced, consolidated near the provided, as well as multiple covered picnic areas entrance, and provide adequate space for parking and with access to restrooms, drinking fountains, trash maneuvering 6-10 vehicles, including school buses and receptacles, and dog waste bags. emergency vehicles. The initial reactions to nature Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 64 Other Considerations Several other ideas for park uses arose during the community input process including a disc golf course, a dog park, and off-road cycling areas. None of these amenities are recommended for this park at this time. As the City seeks out new parklands for acquisition or as existing park master plans are updated, these elements should be considered if sufficient space and buffering to accommodate the uses are available. Detailed discussion about the feasibility to implement each amenity at the Park is provided on the following pages. Disc Golf Disc golf is a popular activity in Manhattan, with an active group of players who frequently play the three courses in the area (Warner Park, Fairmont Park, Tuttle Creek Lake). Like ball golf, disc golf courses are typically set up in 9 or 18-hole configurations. Setting aside 1 acre per hole is recommended. Players should have access to amenities such as restrooms, drinking fountains, and parking. Disc golfers from the Little Apple Disc Golf Club expressed interest in the park for a new course. The group has been instrumental in fundraising, installation, and maintenance of Manhattan’s existing courses. Disc golf, however, received mixed reviews from the public at large. Multiple residents cited concerns that play would intrude upon the natural beauty and quality of the park. Several players and community members noted that the existing course at Warner Park was close by and offered similar terrain challenges that would be encountered at this site. A Figure 74: Disc golf is a popular activity in Manhattan and master plan for Warner Park will be underway in the throughout the region. Photo credit: ymcarockies.org near future and will address potential expansion and/ or improvements to that existing course. Areas for disc golf were evaluated as part of the conceptual planning process. If the course were located in open space areas, the fairways would need to be mowed, which would be in conflict with many resident’s desires for restoration/preservation of the tallgrass prairie. There does not appear to be sufficient space in the wooded areas of the site for a 9-hole course. The terrain in the wooded areas is even more rugged than similar areas at Warner Park. Development of a disc golf course is, therefore, not Figure 75: Warner Park Disc Golf Course is located nearby recommended in this plan. and offers similar course and terrain challenges.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 65 Dog Parks Dog parks are clearly defined places where dog owners can legally bring their dogs to exercise and socialize off-leash. These facilities are very popular, albeit oftentimes contentious. Dog parks vary in size from a 1-50+ acres. The two parks in Manhattan at CiCo Park and Fairmont Park (both managed by Riley County) are 0.8 acres and 1.4 acres, respectively. Typically, areas are enclosed with a chainlink fence (4-6 foot tall with double-gated entry), provide separate areas for large and small dogs, and include basic amenities such as shade, water, benches or tables for seating, dog waste bags and trash cans, signage, and parking in close proximity. Some dog parks include “play features” such as tunnels or mounds for the dogs to interact with. Several dog owners who attended public meetings requested this kind of space, and mentioned that the current dog parks were not easily accessible from the neighborhood and that no off-leash area was available in the southwest part of Manhattan. In the online survey, however, twice as many people expressed negative opinions as positive ones. Most of the Figure 76: Dog parks provide places concerns were related to potential conflicts between dogs and people or for pets and owners to socialize. wildlife. It is not known if those who had concerns envisioned a fenced Photo credit: tripadvisor.com off-leash area or if they believed dogs would be free to roam anywhere in the park. Dog parks do present certain maintenance challenges that the City does not currently have to attend to. First among these concerns is management of the ground cover. Natural groundcover such as turfgrass often cannot withstand intense foot-traffic (human and dog) and dog urine. This issue is even more pronounced in smaller facilities, as evidenced by the bare dirt at both CiCo and Fairmont. It is not expected that the native grasses presently in the park would respond any better. A variety of groundcover options have been used at other parks, including gravel fines, pea gravel, or synthetic turf. Noise from barking dogs is another potential issue. Some communities have established guidelines that dog parks be located 50- 200 or more feet from neighboring homes, and provide a visual buffer in order to minimize the impact on nearby homeowners. Areas for a dog park were evaluated during the conceptual design process. It was challenging to find areas of the park that met the recommendations listed above for acreage, proximity to parking, and distance from residential structures. This plan, therefore, does not recommend a dog park for this site. Figure 77: The CiCo Park dog park is a very popular place for dog owners and their pets. Photo credit: Riley County Parks

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 66 Mountain bike/cyclocross facilities Off-road cycling such as mountain biking, BMX, or cyclocross are other activities that could potentially occur in the park. The changes in elevation and ruggedness of the terrain at the site are features not found in many of Manhattan’s parks. Opportunities for mountain biking on public lands within Manhattan are limited to the Manhattan River Trails and Wildcat Creek Linear Park (“Sunset Zoo Trails”). A destination mountain bike trail, pump track, or cyclocross course could take advantage of the park’s natural features to create a new location for off-road cycling. Off-road cycling areas could take many different forms depending on the activity and user to be accommodated. Single track mountain bike trail is similar to hiking trail proposed elsewhere in the park. Pedestrians and cyclists could potentially share the same trail with proper signage and education for the trail users. Dedicated mountain bike trails are often designed to be ridden in a one-way loop, and can include natural obstacles such as tree logs, boulders, or steep grade changes. Pump Figure 78: Off-road cycling can take tracks are somewhat more specialized, comprised of a short, continuous many forms and appeals to a wide loop of banked turns and hills (rollers), which are designed to be ridden range of users. Photo credit: Eric without the need to pedal. A cyclocross track is also a short loop track Ashley Photography with constructed obstacles such as hills, steps, or ditches that may require the rider to dismount. Each of these trails/tracks would require regular maintenance. The River Trails, Zoo Trails, and other natural surface hiking paths are currently maintained by Parks staff and volunteers in coordination with the City Parks division. Maintenance of other type of bike facilities is not something the department is currently experienced with, though would not be beyond staff’s capabilities. Public input on off-road cycling was mixed. Many people engaged in the activity attended public meetings in support. Opposition predominantly came from survey participants who cited safety concerns (hiker-biker conflicts) and a desire to keep the park as natural as possible. If these Figure 79: Pump tracks, like this one elements are to be included in the park, care should be taken to provide in Philadephia, provide opportunities for cyclists to test their skills. Photo clear sight-lines for user safety, screening from nearby residences, and credit: Brice Shirbach appropriate signage. Trails for walking and biking was one of the top elements selected by the public to include in this plan. If designed appropriately, single track hiking trails, as are proposed, are a natural fit for both hikers and off- road cyclists. Preventing mountain bike use on single track trails would be extremely difficult. Proper trail design and user education should address potential user conflicts. Other off-road cycling activities are not recommended for this park. The space required for cyclocross or pump tracks, the related parking requirements, and a visual buffer from nearby homes are all concerns at this site.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 67 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 6: Final Concept

In response to community feedback on the preliminary concepts, a final park proposal was prepared. This chapter details recommendations for each area of Roger Schultz Community Park.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 69 Total Park Size Open Space and Trails 93 acres The majority of the park is to remain undeveloped open space. More intense park development will occur at the park entrances along Miller Natural area Parkway and at Loma Ridge Drive. A trail network will create access for park visitors to explore all areas of the park and provide connections 84 acres through the park and to surrounding neighborhoods. The park open space is to be managed as a natural area. Preservation and Developed area restoration of the native tallgrass prairie provides a scenic backdrop for 9 acres park activities and opportunities to see wildlife. This rich landscape offers an in-town outdoor venue for local schools, clubs, and organizations such as the Flint Hills Discovery Center or Sunset Zoo to conduct environmental Trails and pathways and conservation education or STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering 7 miles and Math) programs. A special event field, located at the crest of the highest point in the park, also creates a seasonal opportunity for other community activities to occur in the park. A “stacked loop” trail system will give park visitors opportunity to explore the landscape. In total, seven miles of trail are proposed, including over one mile of paved pathways. These trails and pathways will be designed to accommodate a variety of users. Paved pathways will provide ADA accessible routes to many of the park’s amenities. Non-paved routes could include mowed pathways, crushed stone paths, or natural surface hiking trail that could offer users different opportunities and challenges. Trailhead signs that include a map of the park should be installed at major entry points. A trail rating system should be developed to educate visitors about different types of trail experiences that are available so users can choose an appropriate route based on their goals and physical abilities. A trail marking system should also be implemented as wayfinding for users as they venture into the park. Clear signage and identifiable trail markings are especially important for first-time visitors and first responders. Some of the proposed trails are located outside of the park. Immediately south of the park is a large tract platted as conservation easement. The easement also grants the City the right to construct and maintain trails. Utilizing this land allows for more natural trail loops to occur, following the contour of the land. This area also allows trails to extend to property in the valley southeast of the park. If pedestrian easements could be acquired on this property, additional trail can be constructed linking neighborhoods from Anneberg Park to Warner Park. As visitors venture further from the park entrances, amenities become more limited to encourage immersion in the natural environment. A few locations around the park, however, offer incredible views to the surrounding Flint Hills. These scenic overlook locations are opportunities to create resting spots along the trail by including a bench or boulder for sitting. A scenic overlook with a view to the Manhattan Regional Airport should be utilized as an opportunity to interpret the airport’s operations and watch the planes take off and land. RogerRoger Schultz Schultz Community Community Park Park Master Plan Page 70 Master Plan HU NTER Legend

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SHA DOW RID GE N Figure 80: Park open space and trails plan. PLUM 1 inch = 550 feet THI CKET Loma Ridge Entrance The Loma Ridge entrance is designed as a neighborhood The Loma Ridge entry features several play spaces in park entry. This area includes parking, play elements, a close proximity to the entrance. The primary playspace picnic shelter, restroom, and other trailhead amenities. is located adjacent to the parking along the curved The site layout is based on a sweeping curved pathway path. The playground is separated from the parking that connects the park features and provides a clear by a paved sidewalk, planted buffer, and a fence definition for this developed portion of the park. accented with stone columns. A nature play path and The 10-foot wide pathway is paved and connects to prairie maze are also located nearby. Specific themes sidewalks on both sides of Loma Ridge Drive. Hiking and play elements should be explored with input from trails radiate in three directions from this circular path, neighborhood children at the time of implementation. offering several options for the park user to begin Potential themes could be based on Flint Hills geology, exploring the park. native plants and wildlife, or the site’s ranching history. The playground should encourage physical A gravel parking lot and turnaround is located at the activity and creative play, and provide space for group end of Loma Ridge Drive. The lot will accommodate play and individual activities. This plan recommends a five parked vehicles, including one ADA accessible mix of nature-themed playground equipment (slides, space. The lot is sized to allow a bus to turn around. spinners, climbers, swings), natural play elements During special events, the driving lane is wide enough (boulders, logs, plants), and features that inspire to parallel park approximately eight additional vehicles. creative play (make believe, music, loose parts). A native landscape rain garden in the center island of the turnaround collects and treats stormwater. The playground design should include plenty of shaded A fire access lane, paved with plantable pavers, can spaces and seating options for parents, caregivers, accommodate emergency vehicle access to the park. or children who need to rest. Seating could include Large limestone boulders ring the perimeter of the benches, tables, and sitting height boulders or walls. parking areas to define the turnaround and prevent There should be clear sight lines from the seating areas vehicles from driving into the park. A bike rack should to different areas of the play spaces so that caregivers be located near the park entrance. can keep a watchful eye on those playing.

Figure 81: View of the park entry and play area at the Loma Ridge entrance.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 72 1240

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Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Figure 83: View towards the Loma Ridge entry from the park trail. A 20x20 picnic shelter is proposed immediately west of the playground along the circular path. The shelter would accommodate small gatherings and provides a shaded space to sit and observe children on the playground or along the play path. Picnic tables and a trash receptacle should be included near the shelter. Lighting and electrical outlets should also be provided. Restrooms are also located near the playground and shelter. Initially, the restrooms could be one or two seasonal porta-potties placed inside an enclosure to screen views to the units. Long-term, permanent Figure 84: Example picnic shelter. restrooms could be constructed in this location. The most economical permanent solution is likely a pre- fabricated concrete building similar to the restrooms in City Park or Long’s Park. These buildings can feature rustic finishes that replicate stone or wood siding. An existing water main located on Loma Ridge Drive can be extended to serve the restroom and drinking fountain. Sanitary sewer is located northeast of the park on Lichen Circle. A sanitary main would need to be constructed in a utility easement between Lots 134 and 135 to the park, and then south to the restroom. A gravity line appears to be infeasible due to the existing topography and pipe elevations. A force main with a small grinder pump would likely be required. An alternative, possibly less costly option, would be a composting toilet that did not require connection to sanitary sewer. These units are common in State Parks Figure 85: Example composting park restroom. Photo and other outdoor recreation areas in Kansas. credit: Park and Restroom Structures

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 74 A native plant demonstration garden is also proposed in the area between the turnaround and the circular path. This garden space, planted with native prairie grasses and flowering plants that are commonly found in the Flint Hills, would provide a colorful entry feature as park guests arrived to the park and critical pollinator habitat. Interpretive signage and plant labels could be provided so patrons can learn about the plants they will see as they explore the park. Site amenities such as lighted bollards, benches, trees, trash cans, and dog waste bags, add to the park’s usability and user comfort. Signage is a key amenity, particularly at a primary entry point such as Figure 86: Example pollinator garden. Photo credit: Loma Ridge. Park identification signage needs to be Prairie Rose’s Garden Blog developed and located near the entry, possibly in the center of the turn-around island. A trailhead map also needs to be provided in a highly visible location near the entry. The trail map should include a visual map of the park trail system and basic information about the different trail segments, including surface type, mileage, and difficulty rating. Public art should be considered as this entrance is developed. The site design lends itself to a variety of art options, both in terms of location and artistic form. For example, appropriately scaled art pieces could be installed in the demonstration garden or located within the native rain garden in the center of the turn- Figure 87: Example interpretive signage for the native around, possibly in conjunction with a park sign. Artful gardens. Photo credit: NancySeiler.com play elements could also be incorporated in the play space, along the play path, or inside the prairie maze. Artistic elements could also be used in the design of the fence, signage, and site furnishings. The Arts & Humanities Advisory Board should be involved in identifying appropriate sites and selecting the art. Proposed elements in this area of the park will be located within the Airport’s Conical Zone. These projects require review by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). A Notice of Proposed Construction was filed in October 2017. The FAA conducted an Obstruction Evaluation / Airport Airspace Analysis, and in January 2018, made a determination that the restroom, shelter, and playground, as proposed, would not present a hazard to air navigation. If the final structure elevations or heights vary dramatically from what was initially proposed, the FAA may need to review site plans again before construction takes place. Figure 88: Example trailhead sign with trail map.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 75 Miller Parkway entrance The Miller Parkway entrance is envisioned as a A gravel parking lot with a drop-off zone is located on community park entrance. The area is proposed to the west side of the site. The lot will accommodate be more intensely developed, and the amenities on approximately 60 vehicles, including ADA accessible a slightly larger-scale, than the Loma Ridge entry. The spaces. The lot is sized to allow a bus or firetruck to proposed design responds to community feedback in turn around. Curb and gutter would add a maintainable this general sense, and in many of the specific features and finished looking edge to the parking lot, while the included in the concept. gravel surface will lower overall cost. A planted berm will separate the parking lot from the adjacent sidewalk The Miller Parkway entrance includes parking and and screen views from Miller Parkway. A bicycle rack is drop-off, gathering spaces, restrooms, play elements, provided near the ADA parking and vehicle drop zone. picnic shelters and scenic overlooks, an open lawn, and related site and trailhead amenities. Like the Immediately east of the parking lot is a public gathering Loma Ridge site, this concept has a clear geometric space. This courtyard serves as the front door to the footprint, to contrast with the more natural areas of park. The space is predominantly hardscape, with the park. The space is organized into the three activity plantings to soften edges and define spaces. A colored zones, or “paddocks,” reflecting the site’s history as a or stamped stone concrete paving pattern creates horse ranch. The spaces are linked by a central east- interest on the groundplane and focuses attention west axis and oriented toward scenic views across the toward the center of the space. valley to the south. Existing sidewalks and proposed pathways connect this entry to other areas of the A labryinth is located in the center of this courtyard, park and the surrounding neighborhoods. Street trees partially hidden and enclosed by native plantings planted along Miller Parkway, adjacent to the existing and stone seat walls. The entrance to the labyrinth sidewalk, define the park edge and creates a shaded is located opposite the entry to the playground, canopy for pedestrians and park users. Amenities such providing a calmer, more methodical form of play than as pedestrian lights or lighted bollards, seating areas, a traditional play space. A climbable sculpture could trees, trash cans, and appropriate signage within each be located at the center of the labyrinth. The sculpture area add to the parks usability. would be visible through the surrounding tall grasses and draw people into the space.

Figure 89: View towards the entry courtyard at the Miller Parkway entrance.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 76 Around this centerpiece on three sides are radial limestone sitting walls with sloped planting beds filled with native grasses. The form of the walls and landscape beds are inspired by the cuesta (a landform characterized by a hill with a gentle slope on one side and a steep, sometimes rocky, slope, on the other) common throughout the Flint Hills. One quadrant of the gathering space is reserved for an outdoor classroom. Limestone seat blocks are oriented in an amphitheater style layout. The classroom could serve as a meeting point for school groups coming to learn about the park landscape, or a location to host park programs. The limestone blocks also provide seating options for park patrons. A large curved picnic pavilion delineates the southern edge of the space. Limestone walls form the edge, and a solid overhead canopy provides shade. The east edge of the pavilion includes a restroom. The shelter and restroom should be designed in a rustic style, reminiscent of similar structures in National Parks. Picnic tables, benches, and trash receptacles should be provided under the canopy. Site furnishings, paving patterns, or other means should be used to define large and small-group spaces under the continuous roof of the pavilion. This will provide more flexibility for Figure 90: Example labyrinth. Photo credit: naturalplaygrounds.com the space by allowing multiple users or groups to use the space at once. A traditional 20x20 picnic shelter is also provided closer to the western property line. This shelter is directly accessible from the parking lot, and separated from the other activity zones in this part of the park. This shelter may be preferred by some families without children or groups looking for a more private gathering space. Tables, trash cans, lights, and electrical outlets should be provided. The entry plaza also serves as a primary trailhead. A trail begins near the west end of the entry plaza. A switchback is necessary to traverse significant grade change down the face of an existing steep embankment. Short stone walls may be required to stabilize the trail tread. The trail continues south along the east property line, crosses over an existing dam, and ends at the Loma Ridge entry. A second access to this trail, utilizing stone steps to traverse a steep grade, is provided on the eastern side of the site. Figure 91: Cuesta landform. Photo credit: Go-Kansas.com

Figure 92: Example trailhead signage. Figure 93: Horse sheds like these could inspire park shelters. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 77 Miller Parkway

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Parking Scenic Overlook Lot Buterfly Garden Picnic Area and Restroom

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60 The second space in sequence is an 11,000 square foot, destination play space. The play space is intended for children ages 2-12 with specific elements to entice and challenge younger and older children of all abilities. Access to the playground is restricted to two points, on the west end from the entry plaza and the east end from the circular lawn. A perimeter pathway provides access around the play space and could serve as a tricycle path for younger children. Curved seating walls along the north and south edges of the path provide sitting space for caregivers to observe their children. Beyond this wall to the south is a butterfly garden and a walking path with benches. The pathway is envisioned to be approximately 3-feet lower than the playground. Children could feel “big” by being at eye Figure 95: Example play cave. Photo credit: ID Sculpture level with adults on the path. Taller native plantings would grow above the level of the bench, screening the playground from the lower path and providing children and caregivers an opportunity to interact closely with the plants. The densely planted slope also creates a sense of enclosure for people walking or sitting along the lower path. As proposed at the Loma Ridge entry, multiple play types should be supported. Specific themes and play elements should be explored with input from the community at the time of implementation. Two sample playground designs are included in this plan for possible inspiration. These concepts include nature- themed structures, nature play elements, and a water play “splash pad” feature based on a natural spring. Figure 96: Example nature-themed play structures. Photo credit: cre8play.com Based on community input, the playground should be separated from Miller Parkway to keep kids contained on the playground and help put parents at ease. In addition to the perimeter sidewalk and seat wall, a berm, plantings, and decorative fence located between the playground and existing sidewalk adjacent to the roadway could provide additional separation. If a fence is included, it should be similar to the barrier at the Loma Ridge entry, incorporating stone and wood, and possibly draw inspiration from the site’s ranch history. Finally, the playground design should include plenty of shaded areas and seating options for parents, caregivers, or children who need to rest. Shade could be created with trees or overhead canopies. Seating is planned along the stone sitting wall, but could also Figure 97: Example playground utilizing pathways and include traditional park benches or picnic tables. elevation change to create new play experiences. Photo credit: AccessiblePlayground.net Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 80 Play Concept 1 Cave entrance Waterfall splash pad Sand play area Play fort with slides, bridge, & overlooks Swings with a view Rock climbers

Figure 98: Play concept 1.

Play Concept 2 Water play zone Small play structure Sand play area Hill climb and slide Musical play Giant net climber Swings with a view

Figure 99: Play Concept 2.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan PagePage 81 81 Figure 100: View across the circular lawn toward the scenic overlook.

The third space is a circular lawn, 145-feet in diameter be provided in this shaded space. Low level security (approximately 16,500 square feet), with a second lighting should be provided, but be shielded to prevent overlook plaza. A perimeter pathway defines the lawn. glare into surrounding homes. The grass field should be irrigated to create a high quality turf. The open space provides a visual separation The lawn can serve multiple functions such as an open between the active play area and neighboring residents field for play or relaxation, an event space for pop- to the east. Trees are to be planted around half of the up festivals, or a venue for small theatrical or musical circle and along the eastern property line, providing performances. The activity could occur on the lawn, further definition and separation. with viewing from the shaded plaza. Alternatively, the venue could be flipped, with lawn seating oriented The south edge of the circle is defined by a stone wall toward an activity on the overlook plaza. and handrail. An overhead trellis creates a shaded sitting space. The overlook is oriented to views to the A secondary pathway leads from the sidewalk on Miller southwest, across the park toward the Kansas River Parkway to the lower pathway described previously. A valley. To continue the rustic theme of the park, the stone stairway provides a more direct connection to structure should be built from rough hewn timber with the switchback trail that leads to the south. stone column accents. Benches and/or tables should

Figure 101: Looking south from near the site of the proposed scenic overlook.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 82 Ledgestone Ridge Open Space The Ledgestone Ridge open space is envisioned as a The site is accessed from public sidewalks and the drop-in playfield for residents and visitors to use. This Ledgestone Ridge Trail which was completed in 2017. area along the north side of Miller Parkway will be a Additional hiking trail is proposed along the east side level, irrigated lawn where residents could engage in of the open space, continuing north toward Hunter a variety of activities such as playing catch, throwing a Drive along the east side of a wooded ravine. frisbee, or kicking a soccer ball. The flat open space is approximatley two acres, and would provide enough Parking is not recommended on the site due to space to host a U-8 soccer practice or similar activity. the area of flat ground that would be required to Trees should be planted on the southern edge of the accommmodate vehicles. The space is better utilized field to provide shade and enhance the streetscape. for recreation. Parking will be available at the Miller Parkway entrance, located less than 300 feet away.

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Miller Parkway RogerFigure Schultz102: Ledgestone Community Ridge Park Open Master Space Plan Concept Plan Page 83 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 7: Implementation

It is anticipated that the improvements identified in this plan for the Roger Schultz Community Park will be implemented over a period of years, as funds are available. The plan is divided into four phases. Each phase includes multiple projects that may require several years of funding to fully implement. The priorities are numbered, but implementation may follow a different path as resources are identified or community priorities change. Some of the phases are dependent on earlier projects and should only be undertaken after other necessary infrastructure is in place.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 85 U NT Legend ER Park Boundary

Phase 0 1A 1B 2A 2C 3A Ledgestone Ridge Open Space 3B Miller Pkwy Entrance 3C 4A 4B

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Figure 104: Recommended Phase 0 improvements.

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12” Gas Main 1260 5050 Phase 1 5555 Phase 1 projects include standalone site improvements6600 at the park entrances that are necessary to establish

basic park access. This phase is essential to prepare the Site Boundary Gas Main Easement primary park entry points for future park665 5amenities. RReststrooomoms Phase 1A HiHikkingg Traaiill Community input has favored development of the GGrava ell Loma Ridge entry as the first priority. This entrance PaParkking PPllayy Areea ana d Turn is close to many homes and is already being used for Around access. The Plan recommends the first phase include the gravel parking area, stormwater management RRaiinn GaGardrdenen features, fire department access, and rough grading of the site for future phases.PiPicncniicc The Ridgetop Trail should be constructed during Shthishel lphase.teter Other mowed pathways can also be established and maintained in areas where 6655 the terrain is not overly difficult. Park identification PlPlayy Lawn PPrraiairirie signagewiw shouldtht Plaa ybe Tr included.aia l Utility sleeves should beDDe mmoonsn trratatioion installed where necessary to accommodate future CoC GaGardrdenen needs. Trees should be planted7700 to provide shade andncn Figure 105: Recommended Phase 1A improvements. rer tet 60 give the plants time to grow. Disturbed areas should e TrT be seeded with native grass. This project will create aiil

the initial park access that the community desires and Restored Prairie 6600

set the stage for future projects. Proposed Trail ailil Phase 1BTra TTallllgrrasass nngg Theikik isecond Phase 1 project is to complete gradingMaM zeze of theHiH Ledgestone Ridge Open Space and Miller Parkway Entrance. The rock pile on the south side of Miller RReesttoredd Parkway should be moved across the road and used PrPraiiririe

l as fill on the Ledgestone Ridge tract. (Some rock fill ili Play a may also be used at the Loma Ridge Entrance.) Topsoil Lawnrar

T Existing Trail Existing

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8” Gas Main ng

side of the road and can be spread once rough grading kki i

is complete. Once the sites are leveled, they should HHi be seeded and maintained as open space tracts. The Miller entrance should be seeded with a native shortgrass blend. The Ledgestone Ridge tract could

1270 be seeded with the same, or with a turftype fescue 1260 Gas Main Easement Gas Main Easement Miller Parkway commonly found on recreation fields. Large boulders could be used to define the park edges or be placed Figure 106: Recommended Phase 1B improvements. in small groupings to provide temporary sitting areas.

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Water Main Utility Easement Phase 2 Utility Easement Phase 2 projects begin development of the park entrances by adding amenities that make the park 8” Gas Main

12” Gas Main more usable for individuals and1260 families. 5050 5555 Phase 2A The next project recommended for the Loma Ridge 6600 entry is the children’s playground and the paved circular Site Boundary Gas Main Easement path with connection to public sidewalks. This project 6655 RReststrooomoms will create a new play opportunity for neighborhoodHiHikkingg T raaiill GGrava ell children and create an accessible walking loop at the PaParkking park entry. The prairie demonstration garden should PPllayy Areea ana d Turn be established with this phase. Additional trees could Around RRaiinn also be planted at this time. Seasonal porta-potties GaGardrdenen in a screened enclosure should be provided untilPiPicncn iicc a permanent restroom can be built. Shhellteter 6655 Phase 2B PlPlayy Lawn PPrraiairirie The next project for the Ledgestone Ridgewiw thtOpenPlaay Tr Spaceaia l DDemmoonsn trratatioion CoC GaGardrdenen is to install an automatic irrigation system. This will 7700 ncn rer tet e TrT greatly enhance the quality of the turfgrass making aiil this open space more attractive to drop-in recreational 6600 60 uses. ilil raa TTallllgrrasass g T kikinng MaM zeze Phase 2C HiHi Figure 107: Recommended Phase 2A improvements. The next project is to develop a trailhead at the Miller Restored Prairie RReesttoredd Parkway entrance. A temporary gravel parking area PrPraiiririe

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kki concept plan. Painted crosswalks on Miller Parkway i should be installed to facilitate safe access to both HHi areas of the park and the Ledgestone Ridge Trail. The trail connecting the Miller Parkway Entrance and the 1270 1260 Loma Ridge Entrance should be completed withGas Main this Easement Gas Main Easement phase. Street trees should be planted in selective areas where they will not be impacted by future construction. Planting the trees in an early phase will IrrigatedPlay immediately enhance the streetscape and give the PlayLawn Lawn trees a head start to grow in before other projects areTrail Existing completed.

Miller Parkway Figure 108: Recommended Phase 2B improvements.

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12” Gas Main 1260 5050 5555 Phase 3 6600 Phase 3 projects continue development of the park amenities and trails. Site Boundary Gas Main Easement 1240 6655 RReststrooomoms HiHikkingg T Phase 3A raaiill GGrava ell The next projects recommended for the Loma Ridge PaParkking 1250 PPllayy Areea ana d Turn entry are the picnic shelter, nature play path, and Around prairie maze. These amenities will provide additional RRaiinn play opportunities and a picnic/resting spot. Lights and GaGardrdenen electrical outlets should be provided at the shelter. PiPicncniicc Shhellteter Phase 2A and 3A may occur simultaneously if funds 6655 Water Main allow. The projects are listed as separate sub-phases PlPlayy Lawn PPrraiairirie in order to allow the park development to occur in wiw tht Plaay Traia l UtilityDDemmo oEasementnsn trratatioion CoC GaGardrdenen smaller, more financially feasible, increments. 7700 ncn rer tet e TrT Utility Easement Phase 3B aiil Trails are a continued priority for this plan. Each new 6600 foot of trail built will provide recreational opportunity ailil Tra TTallllgrrasass nngg and open up more areas of the park for exploration. It ikiki MaM zeze will take time, over multiple phases, to complete seven HiH RReesttoredd miles of hiking path proposed in the stacked loop PrPraiiririe 8” Gas Main

l system. Two trails are already recommended to be ili a

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8” Gas Main ng completing an additional loop or connector trail kki 12” Gas Main i every1260 one or two years until the network is complete. 5050 HHi Appropriate signage and distance markers should be added as new trails are developed. Scenic overlooks Figure 109: Recommended5555 Phase 3A improvements.

1270 should also be developed as trail loops are completed. Gas Main Easement Gas Main Easement 1260 Some of the overlooks are proposed as simple benches installed along the side of the trail. Other overlooks 6600 could be more highly developed, with elements such as overhead canopies, interpretive signs, or seating. These developed locations will require more resources Site Boundary to accomplish and will likely need to be planned as Gas Main Easement stand-alone projects. 6655 RReststrooomoms Phase 3C HiHikkingg Traaiill A permanent restroom will complete the Loma Ridge GGrava ell entry. Depending on the neighborhood’s use of the park and the resources available, this project could PaParkking be implemented as part of Phase 2 or as a standalone PPllayy Areea ana d Turn project. Around RRaiinn GaGardrdenen Figure 110: Recommended Phase 3C improvements. PiPicncniicc Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Shhell teter Page 90 6655

PlPlayy Lawn PPrraiairirie wiw tht Plaay Traia l DDemmoonsn trratatioion CoC GaGardrdenen 7700 ncn rer tet e TrT aiil 6600

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1270 Gas Main Easement Gas Main Easement 1260 Phase 4 This phase completes development of the Miller Miller Parkway Parkway Entrance. Ideally, the area would be designed and developed as a unified project. Construction may Berm need to be split into sub-phases based on available funding. If the project cannot be completed in its entirety, the following sub-phases are suggested: Play Lawn Playground DrainageZone Phase 4A Entry Area The first improvements should include development Plaza of the ADA parking and drop-off, entry courtyard with plantings and art, pathways connecting to the public Parking Scenic Overlook sidewalk, the overlook picnic shelter and seating Lot Buterfly Garden area, restrooms, and the outdoor classroom. Site Picnic Area furnishings such as benches, tables, drinking fountain, and Restroom trash cans, dog waste station, and bicycle racks should be provided. Lighting and electrical outlets should be provided at the shelters. The restroom building Stair Trail should be sized to accommodate pumps for the future Restored Prairie splash pad. In this initial phase, the area immediately Figure 111: Recommended Phase 4A improvements. to the east of the plaza could remain open space. If the restrooms and picnic structure(s) are not built with Picnic this phase, seasonal restrooms should be provided Shelter and appropriately screened. Consideration should be given to the utilities that will be required for the future restroom. Sleeves should be installed and Hiking Trail appropriate space reserved for the permanent facility. In the parking lot, curb could be added and the gravel surface expanded with this phase. Landscape beds featuring native plants should be irrigated. Miller Parkway

Phase 4B Berm This phase includes the play space and splash pad, the circular lawn, the overlook plaza and trellis, additional 60 Play pathways, and landscaping. If the restrooms were not Lawn Playground DrainageZone completed with the previous 4A project, permanentEntry Area Plaza facilities should be built at this time. The circular lawn and landscape beds shouldParking be irrigated. Lighting and Scenic Overlook Lot Buterfly Garden electrical outlets should be provided at the shelters.Picnic Area The shelter near the west edge of the park couldand be Restroom built at this time, or delayed if necessary. If the property immediately west of the park is developed, the City Stair Trail should consider coordinating with the neighboringRestored land Prairie owner in a way that would be mutually beneficial to the park and the development. Any such development Figure 112: Recommended Phase 4B improvements. Picnic agreement should realizeShelter a net gain in usable acreage for the park and show a substantial benefit to the park user. Hiking Trail

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 91

60 Cost Estimates The following pages include budget estimates for improvements shown on the final master plan concept. A range of costs for each phase is shown. The cost for these improvements may vary depending on the size, quality, or complexity of the elements ultimately selected for each feature. The estimates were developed based on 2018 dollars, and represent construction costs only. A 20% contingency has been added to account for aspects of each project that are not known at this time. Each phase also includes a 1% set-aside for public art. Some aspects of these projects could be completed by City Staff or possibly in partnership with local organizations or volunteer groups. These strategies could help reduce the estimated costs. As projects are further developed and more refined budgets are prepared, consideration should be given to engineering or architectural design fees, permitting fees, additional contingencies, and other costs necessary to complete each phase. Project budgets should also account for annual inflation and other market conditions based on the anticipated construction dates. Phase 0: Prairie Restoration...... $15,000 - $30,000 (multi-year phase) Phase 1A: Loma Ridge Entry...... $175,000 - $215,000 Phase 1B: Miller Pkwy/Ledgestone Open Space...... $75,000 - $95,000 Phase 2A: Loma Ridge Playground...... $200,000 - $325,000 Phase 2B: Ledgestone Open Space Irrigation...... $50,000 - $65,000 Phase 2C: Miller Parkway Trailhead...... $100,000 - $135,000 Phase 3A: Loma Ridge Shelter and Play Path...... $40,000 - $55,000 Phase 3B: Trails and Scenic Overlooks...... $145,000 - $230,000 (multi-year phase) Phase 3C: Loma Ridge Restroom...... $75,000 - $105,000 Phase 4A: Miller Parkway Entry Plaza and Parking....$730,000 - $860,000 Phase 4B: Miller Parkway Playground and Lawn...... $860,000 - $1,280,000

Total estimated park development cost: $2,465,000 - $3,395,000 Total cost per acre: $26,500 - $36,500 (approximate) Estimated Soft Costs (A/E fees, permits, etc): $250,000 - $350,000

The table below shows one possible scenario to implement all phases of the Plan over a ten-year period. The costs shown are based on the average cost of each phase noted above. This is an example only, as actual funding allocations will occur during the City’s annual budgeting process.

Example 10‐year Project Sequence Phase 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 0 Restoration costs will vary based on area and methods 1A $195,000.00 1B $85,000.00 2A $262,500.00 2B $57,500.00 1A $117,500.00 3A $47,500.00 3B Trail included in Phase 1A, 1B, 2A $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $35,000.00 3C $90,000.00 4A $795,000.00 4B $1,070,000.00

Estimated $280,000.00 $262,500.00 $107,500.00 $117,500.00 $97,500.00 $90,000.00 $50,000.00 $795,000.00 $35,000.00 $1,070,000.00 Annual CIP Figure 113: Example 10-year phasing strategy Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 92 Possible Funding Sources Each year the City establishes an annual budget including a 5-year Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The CIP includes the major projects and equipment that the City desires to implement or procure for the coming year. Projects are identified and prioritized by each division and department, reviewed and modified by City Management, and ultimately modified and/or approved by the governing body. Funding for these projects may come from a variety of sources. Potential sources of funding to make the improvements recommended in this plan include:

Parks and Recreation Operating Funds Donations The City’s General Fund supports operations for Financial support from community members or the Parks and Recreation Department. Operational organizations interested in leaving a legacy with dollars from the department’s annual budget could Manhattan Parks is another way to fund potential be allocated to the park. These funds are most likely improvements. Donations can also take the form suitable for new projects that will be constructed of volunteer time. There are many examples of with City forces or ongoing maintenance of the park community funded projects or volunteer-led projects grounds. Historically, the department has been able to that have been implemented throughout the park set aside funds for playground and trail maintenance, system. A significant land donation helped establish which could be used for development of these this park, and a $25,000 cash donation has already amenities. been made to facilitate the park’s development.

Park Development Fund Grants This sales tax supported fund is intended to finance Grant funding from outside agencies is often available park development and expansion within the City. for park and trail improvements. These grants are often competitive, and funding is therefore not guaranteed. Grant funds often require matching funds. Potential Specials Parks and Recreation Fund grant sources for park and trail improvements could Revenue for this special fund comes from a 10% include the National Recreation and Parks Association, liquor surcharge on alcoholic beverages, a portion of National Recreation Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife which is returned to the City for park and recreational Service, Kansas Forest Service, Kansas Trails Council, services, programs, and facilities. Historically, the fund Kansas Health Foundation, National Recreation Trails has been used to support the department’s capital Program, National Endowment for Humanities, or improvements. $75,000 has been allocated for park Kansas Humanities Council. Local organizations, such improvements in the 2018 City Budget from this fund. as the Greater Manhattan Community Foundation, or service clubs may offer funding opportunities as well. There may be other grant programs for specific aspects of the project, such as public art, shade structures, Quality of Life Sales tax playgrounds, interpretive signage, native plant Manhattan residents passed a sales tax question installations, pollinator gardens, habitat restorations, in November 2017 that dedicates $2 million for trail educational programming, health and wellness improvements over the next 10 years. These funds initiatives, or a variety of other park amenities. Staff could be used for new trail development projects in should pursue applicable grant opportunities as they the park. become available.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 93 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 8: Management Strategy

This chapter outlines land management strategies for the Roger Schultz Community Park. This chapter provides an evidence-based approach to maintaining and developing an ecologically diverse and accessible native park landscape. The specific recommendations in this chapter for prairie restoration and sustainable trail building are based on best management practices from experts in these fields. This chapter is not meant to encompass all aspects of maintaining and managing the site. Instead, this information should be used to introduce or supplement more specific plans that Manhattan Parks and Recreation has, or will develop, for this park and other similar natural areas within the parks system.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 95 Developed Areas The most intensely developed areas of the park “Between 2005 and 2015, the number of cedars, are planned at the Loma Ridge and Miller Parkway sometimes referred to as junipers, on Kansas entrances and the Ledgestone Ridge open space. These forestland increased from an estimated 55 million areas should be managed in the same manner as other to 85 million trees, according to the Kansas Forest city parks with similar features. In contrast to the wild Service’s most recent survey. Between 2007 and 2012, areas of the park, turfgrass at the developed entrances cedars encroached on about 50,000 additional acres” should be mowed on a regular basis. Planting areas, (Morrison 2016). though they will utilize native plants, will need regular maintenance to keep the beds looking attractive. Red cedars are beneficial, in some respects. Farmers have planted red cedar for windbreaks, and some species of animals and birds use the tree as a source of food, shade, or winter cover. On balance, however, Prairie Preservation and Restoration many experts in the field of range management believe the negatives of red cedar overgrowth far outweigh The vast majority of the parkland in this plan has the benefits. Red cedars pose numerous problems for intentionally been left undeveloped. This plan views prairie health and public safety. open prairie within the park as a significant asset that should be preserved. A major threat to this prairie Eastern red cedar changes the prairie ecology. Many ecosystem, particularly in the upland portions of the prairie birds, such as the greater prairie-chicken and site, is encroachment of woody vegetation, such as northern bobwhite quail, prefer open rangelands, eastern red cedar, dogwood, and sumac. Approximately and will not roost near trees where predatory birds 50% of the park can be classified as mixed prairie- might perch (Newlin 2016). The trees also shade out juniper (30 acres) or mixed juniper woodland (17 prairie grasses and forbs, limiting food and cover for acres), compared to 26% that is predominantly open many native animals. One study showed that “eastern grassland (25 acres). red cedar can expand and convert tallgrass prairie to a closed-canopy in as little as 40 years” (Briggs, Eastern red cedar is particularly troublesome. et. al 2002). “When tallgrass prairie was converted According to the Kansas Forest Service, Juniperus to red cedar forest, herbaceous species diversity virginiana, or Eastern red cedar, is “Kansas’ only native and productivity were drastically reduced, and most evergreen tree.” Although it is a native tree, it does not grassland species were virtually eliminated.” This necessarily belong in the open prairie. “Cedar trees loss of biomass leads to soil erosion and increased were formerly restricted to steep, rocky places where run-off. Red cedars also absorb significant amounts fires were uncommon. Now they have expanded across of water, effectively taking water from other prairie the prairies of the Flint Hills…” (Homestead 2014). plants (Newlin 2016). The trees can also change the chemical make-up of the surrounding soil which affects establishment of some prairie plants (Stipe and Bragg, 1989). This study concluded “that eastern red cedar should be of particular concern in prairie management since it has the potential to increase the rate of degradation of prairie beyond the effects of shading of invading trees alone.” In addition to the ecological dangers, red cedars can have a direct impact on public safety. Multiple reports indicate that red cedars are partially to blame for fueling wildfires that burned almost one million acres in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma in 2016 Figure 114: This hillside is almost entirely red cedar. and 2017. “The cedars…make ideal kindling for wild- Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 96 fires. And when you toss in recent high winds and drought conditions, you’ve got a deadly combination” (Baker 2016). Red cedar foliage contains volatile oils that easily ignite, causing the tree to explode. “According to Aron Flanders of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who also is a firefighter, even moderate cedar encroachment makes it more likely fires will jump roads and creeks and reach temperatures and smoke levels that make them difficult to fight” (Morrison 2016).

As suburban development has expanded to the edge Figure 115: An accidental fire burned over 5 acres of the of the park, the dangers to life and property are real. park in 2016. Photo credit: Ryan Almes, Deputy Fire Chief Grass fires can be ignited by natural causes, such as lightning, or by people, on accident or on purpose. In March 2016, an illegal campfire got out of control and According to Carol Blocksome, a range management burned 5.5 acres in the southwest corner of the park. specialist and Research Assistant Professor at Kansas Manhattan Fire Department responded and put the fire State University, “There is no substitute for what fire out before the blaze endangered any nearby homes. does” (Blocksome 2017). Fire is a very effective tool in First responders reported that the fire was burning controlling red cedars and other woody species. Fire “hot,” in part due to the incendiary nature of the red can kill cedar trees four to six feet in height. Larger cedar trees. The incident is proof that safeguards need trees may need to be cut, but fire can burn the lower to be put in place to ensure that the wildland-urban branches making access to the tree easier for a forestry interface is resilient to uncontrolled fire, whether the crew. cause is man-made or natural. Fire also rejuvenates the prairie by removing old dead Management Options biomass and encouraging new growth. The accidental Early in the planning process, it was determined that fire in March 2017 had a very positive effect on the the red cedar growth within the park needed to be landscape. Shortly after the fire, City Forestry crews controlled. Parks and Recreation staff began working removed the larger burned-out trees. Within a few with the National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife months, new prairie grasses had sprouted and soon Service, the Kansas Forest Service, professors in covered the entire area. By late summer, leadplant was Range Management at Kansas State University, and in bloom around the stumps of the old trees and was the Manhattan Fire Department to develop a strategy providing food and habitat for hundreds of butterflies to remove red cedars from the park. This group met and other insects. several times during the planning process to discuss Controlled burns are common in the Flint Hills during the best ways to remove the woody vegetation and the spring and fall. According to Walter Fick, professor ensure the long-term health of the prairie. at Kansas State University, “Ranchers in the Flint Red cedar can be removed using mechanical or Hills…burn nearly 2.5 million of their 5 million acres of chemical methods, as well as with fire. Larger trees may pasture every year…” (Morrison 2016). Ranchers burn need to be cut down or dug up. Targeted applications for a variety of reasons including removing brush and of herbicide can also kill the trees, though treatments grass litter, increasing the diversity of wildflowers and are usually most effective on smaller trees. The most improving stands of grass, promoting new wildlife to effective method to remove red cedar is a controlled the area, and improving grazing conditions (Blocksome burn. Controlled, or prescribed, burns are intentional 2017). Prescribed fire also enhances the landscape’s fires set to remove unwanted vegetation and maintain resiliency to unplanned fires by reducing the fuel load the health of existing natural areas. which can contribute to more intense wildfires (Jones, 2017).

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 97 FIRE’S EFFECT ON THE LANDSCAPE

Figure 116: Pre-burn landscape, October 2016. Figure 117: The day after accidental fire, March 2017

Figure 118: One month after fire, April 2017. Figure 119: 5-months after fire, August 2017

Figure 120: New growth where a cedar stood, August Figure 121: 9 months after fire, December 2017. 2017 Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 98 MILLER PKWY

5.5 Acres Legend

Burn Area, March 23, 2017 Park Boundary Figure 122: N Streets March 2017 Fire 1 inch = 450 feet Michael Haddock writes Recommendations in his book, Wildflowers This plan recommends managing the parkland using a combination of and Grasses of Kansas, burning, cutting, and chemical applications. “Before settlement, fire The City’s Forestry crews are responsible for the health of all trees in parks played an important and public right-of-way. Management of the urban forest often includes role in regulating prairie removal of existing trees and spraying herbicide on undesirable or invasive vegetation. Fires were plants. In the past, cedars have been selectively removed from Warner accidentally started by Park to create open prairie and manage fire fuel loads near existing lightning, or in some homes. The department is exploring the use of herbicides to kill invasives cases purposely set by like honeysuckle along trail corridors in several natural area parks. Over Native Americans as a the past year, Forestry has cut trees from a few areas in the Park at Lee management tool. Fire Mill Heights. maintained the grass- The Red Cedar Holiday Harvest was a way to involve the public in the lands by hindering the management plan. Residents removed nearly 350 trees at the two growth of aggressive December events. Informational signage was in place at the 2017 Harvest woody plants. In many to help educate participants about the need to remove the trees and the locales today, invading goals of this plan. Additional Harvests should occur in the park for as long woody species such as as there are trees of appropriate size. Once the smaller trees are removed, red cedar and sumac the event could be moved to other city parks with similar overgrowth of have come to dominate red cedar. the landscape and are The US Fish and Wildlife Service sponsors the Partners for Fish and Wildlife significant problems Program to help landowners implement habitat improvement projects. from a range-manage- USF&W provides cash reimbursement for the costs to remove invasive ment perspective” species, clear fire breaks, and establish new habitat areas. Staff time (page 3). engaged in these management activities count towards an in-kind grant match. The City should pursue this partnership opportunity with USF&W. Parks and Recreation does not currently conduct prescribed burns in city parks. City ordinances restrict burning within the City limits. A 24- acre prairie restoration area in Northeast Community Park is, however, currently managed with prescribed fire. The park is located in the County, and the Flint Hills Audubon Society partners with the Manhattan Fire Department to perform the burn each year. The opportunity to burn at the Park at Lee Mill Heights needs to be explored and a process established to allow burning to occur. The City should continue to leverage partnerships with individuals and organizations with relevant expertise to ensure a safe and effective burn. As former rangeland, the park was likely burned by some of the previous owners to encourage new growth for grazing and control woody vegetation. Several large landowners around the park currently manage their properties this way. Riley County requires land owners to submit a burn permit for all prescribed burns. Records at the Emergency Management Office and Riley County Police Department only date back to 2004. No burn activity is on record for this site since that time. One way to estimate the time since the last controlled burn is based on the height of the trees. Red cedars can grow one to one and a half feet per RogerRoger Schultz Schultz Community Community Park Park Master Plan Page 100 Master Plan year (Kansas Forest Service). Some of the trees in the Public Engagement park are 30+ feet tall, indicating the site may not have In general terms, this strategy for management of been burned in 25-30, or more, years. Some areas the prairie has been discussed and largely supported within the park, such as the hilltop immediately south by the public during the planning process. At several of Miller Parkway, is already a closed canopy. With no public meetings, residents volunteered to help management plan to remove the trees, it will not take remove cedars or assist with a controlled burn. There long before prairie is lost in other areas of the park. are, however, many residents who may not be familiar with this style of land management who may have Jason Hartman with the Kansas Forest Service questions or concerns about burning prairie near their prepared a draft burn plan for the park. A burn plan homes. Additional public education and outreach will lays out the necessary details for conducting a burn be necessary as the management strategy is finalized including assignment of a Burn Boss: a knowledgeable and implemented. and trained individual in charge of the burn. The plan describes the burn area, goals and reasons for the Prior to a burn, the City should engage with residents burn, potential hazards, and the necessary weather from the surrounding neighborhoods to offer conditions, personnel, and safety protocols that are information and hear concerns. Manhattan Fire required to conduct a prescribed burn. Department should be on-site during the burn. If possible, residents should be invited to watch the The draft burn plan describes a “patch burning” burn occur or possibly even participate in a small technique, where small areas of the park would be demonstration burn. The Flint Hills Discovery Center burned on a regular basis. The trail corridors would will host a demonstration burn program at a site in Riley serve as natural fire breaks. The City should work County in September 2018. Similar demonstrations closely with its partners at Kansas Forest Service and or “burn school” events could be hosted at the park, Manhattan Fire Department to finalize a burn strategy organized by the Flint Hills Discovery Center with and begin implementation as soon as practical. assistance from other local partners. Once a burn is The Kansas Forest Service offers annual fire training complete, interpretive displays should be installed at programs for fire fighters around the state. Once a the park to inform park visitors about the landscape burn plan is in place, the park could be eligible for management goals and processes used. participation in this training program. Fire fighters would have the opportunity to practice and train in wildland fire management. The City would benefit from involvement by a large group of trained volunteers working to prepare the park and implement the burn.

Figure 123: Trained burn crews conduct regular burns at Figure 124: The Manhattan Fire Department will be an the Konza Prairie. Photo credit: Kansas State University essential partner in any future burn planning at the park.

Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 101

A contour trail is a path that traverses a hill or side slope (see figure 2)5, distinguished by a gentle grade, undulations called grade reversals (see figure 3)6 and a tread that usually tilts orTrail Building out slopes (see figureTrail building will be a substantial part of the park 7 4) slightly towarddevelopment well into the future. Seven miles of trail the downhill edge.are proposed throughout the park and surrounding These features publicly accessible lands. minimize trail The trails will provide varying levels of difficulty in erosion by allowingresponse to the site’s natural terrain. As such, not all water to drain in atrail segments may be fully accessible to all users. As gentle, non-erosivea best practice, however, where practical, trails should manner called sheetbe designed in accordance with the Architectural flow (see figure 5)Barriers8. Act (ABA) Standards for Outdoor Developed Areas. Currently these standards are only applicable to projects in national parks and other federalWhen lands. water Mostdrains of in the thin, new dispersed trail construction sheets, soil effort will take place on the third tier trail. This section connects the 9 However, guidelines for non-federal landsstays are likelywhere itupper belongs, two existingon the trail. tiers with the lower part of previously established trail near Wildcat Creek. This tier to be developed in the future based on the ABA/ADA willFigure utilize 125: Example the rolling of a properly contour constructed trail design. natural Bench cutting techniques will be fully utilized here (see surface hiking trail. Photo credit: Aaron Apel standards. Following these standards asThe closely secondary as figure trailhead 10)14 .has suffered from practical will allow for the greatest amountexcessive of public overgrowth from disuse as well as some Bench cutting techniques are especially important when access. fall line erosion. Most of the work done to this constructing trails following the side contours of a hill. A Trails should also be designed with sustainabilitysection and of trail will be clearing of overgrowth. full bench trail is constructed by cutting the full width of long-term maintenance in mind. SustainableHowever, trail some clever re-routing of trail will help the trail tread into the hillside. Mineral soil is then building techniques based on guidelines developedavoid the by fall line portions of the trail and revive compacted to make a trail that lasts indefinitely with little the International Mountain Biking Associationaccess or via the Linear Trail. US Forest Service should be utilized. This will not only maintenance. This technique in conjunction with rolling ensure effective use of resources, but also create a contour design will also be employed to help repair more positive user experience. existing trails to be included in the loop.

Mike McFadin, a USFS Wilderness & Trails Supervisor in Northern California, says, “The best trails ever are the Once the main loop is established, other plans include ones that [visitors] think ‘just happened’” (Kohlstedt some additional trails to link in with the main loop. These 2017). While some trails and pathways proposed trails will make further use of the varied and demanding will be paved or rock surfaced, this is not necessary Figure 126: Bench cut trail creates a more durable trail terrain, catering to the more experienced and adventurous on all trail segments. Natural surface hiking paths, surface and allows water to sheetflow off the trail. Image visitors. Offering more line choices follows with the constructed by scraping off the top layer of vegetation credit: IMBA 2004 over-arching ideology: to keep environmentally damaging and compacting soil along the trail corridor to define a path, offer an inexpensive way for many people to user made trails out of the system by planning and access areas throughout the park. offering varied experiences to users.

Effective drainage solutions are the key to sustainable 5 Keep in mind that Manhattan has many trail opportunities. Trail Solutions, pg 56trail construction. “’In functional terms,’ says [Kelly 6 Trail Solutions, pg 67Kate] Warren, trail construction often ‘boils down to This proposal outlines a plan for just one trail loop. The 7 Trail solutions pg 69keeping water off the trail. Trails can easily funnel water community, economy and population growth of our city will dictate the expansion of new trail systems. 8 Trail Solutions pg 69and if planned or maintained improperly they will turn Many of the smaller trail loops can be combined to form a comprehensive trail network, which will 9 Trail Solutions, pg.56into creeks and waterfalls during the rainy season.’ Hikers seeking to avoid these soggy ruts will step off further serve the public needs. With cooperation from all, we can accomplish this goal. the path, which can turn a simple, low-impact trail into 7 14 a series of confusing side trails. This phenomenon also Figure Trail 127: Solutions, Proper outslopepg 140 is necessary for trails to shed creates health and safety issues, potentially leading water effectively. Image credit: IMBA 2004 10 Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 102

A contour trail is a path that traverses a hill or side slope (see figure 2)5, distinguished by a gentle grade, undulations called grade reversals (see figure 3)6 and a tread that usually tilts or out slopes (see figure 4)7 slightly toward the downhill edge. These features minimize trail erosion by allowing water to drain in a gentle, non-erosive manner called sheet flow (see figure 5)8. When water drains in thin, dispersed sheets, soil 9 A contour trail is astays where it belongs, on the trail. path that traverses a The new trail work will include fixing the faults in existing trail design by utilizing the International hill or side slope (see 5 Mountain Bicycling Association's (IMBA) trail construction guidelines. These guidelines have been a figure 2) , The timesecondary tested and trailhead proven way has to sufferedbuild all multi-use from trails, not just mountain bike trails. distinguished by aexcessive overgrowth from disuse as well as some gentle grade, undulations calledfall lineThe finishederosion. trail Most will be of a well-definedthe work done loop. to Looped this trails are appreciated by users because they grade reversals (seesection begin of and trail end will at the be same clearing point. Thereof overgrowth. is no need to shuttle from one dead end to another, as is the figure 3)6 and a tread case with the existing trail. Loops reduce the opportunity for collisions whereas criss-crossed random that usually tilts orHowever, paths introduce some clever potentially re-routing hazardous of intersections trail will ofhelp traffic. out slopes (see figureavoid the fall line portions of the trail and revive 4)7 slightly toward the downhill edge.access A looped via Linear trail also Trail. discourages users to make their own unsound fragment trails by guiding the user These features through different and varied terrain. Current users of Wildcat Creek Linear Park have been minimize trail inadvertently creating environmentally damaging trails for years, furthering the erosion problems erosion by allowing inherent with unplanned or poorly planned trail. Random trampling of the natural environment, which water to drain in a gentle, non-erosive is more harmful than organized use through a well-designed trail, will be reduced under the plan manner called sheet contemplated by this proposal. 8 flow (see figure 5) . Figure 129: Rolling contour trails shed water easily. Image This plan includes two entranceWhen water points, drains orin thin,trailheads, dispersed to sheets, the loop soil system. The main trailhead is an 9 alreadycredit:Starting established IMBAat the east 2004 trail staysheadsection whereand at highest itthe belongs, southwest point on ofthe elevation, cornertrail. of usersSunset will Cemetery. be guided Thetowards other Wildcat trailhead Creek will be locatedin three further descending south, trails near linked the intersection together. Some of Linear of these Park descending Trail and trails Poliska already Lane. exist Both and trailswill be alrea dy The secondary trailhead has suffered from Figure 128: Grade reversals force water to drain off the exist,improved but a alongfew design the way. flaws Once will at needthe lowest to be pointaddressed of elevation, before nearthey the can creek, be fully the trailutilized. turns uphill. Utilizing established trailexcessive with additional overgrowth new from tra disuseil, a series as well of as switchbacks some (see figure 6 and 7) 10guides fall line erosion. Most of the work done to this trail. Image credit: IMBA 2004 you back to the uppermost trail and the east trailhead. section of trail will be clearing of overgrowth. The northeast trailhead route has

However, some clever re-routing of trail will help severe erosion problems because people off the beaten path and into danger. ‘It’s also … Visitors utilizing the south entrance avoid the fall line portions of the trail and revive it is situated on what is access via Linear Trail. will join the second tier trail, and ugly. Bad design begets ugly trails…’” (Kohlstedt 2017). considered a “fall line” (see then follow the descending4 path towardsfigure Wildcat 1) .Creek. This term After is used to Trails should be designed to shed water as quickly as st 5 Trail Solutions, pg 56 followingdescribe the trail trails back that to thefollow 1 the possible6 to keep the trail surface (tread) dry. Bench tier, theyshortest may choose path down to exit a thehill. The Trail Solutions, pg 67 7 park atshortest the east pathtrailhead, down or a hill is also cutting Trail solutions the trail pg 69into the side of the hill by “digging the continuethe on way back that to waterthe south travels, 8 Trail Solutions pg 69 trail tread out of the hillside and down to the mineral trailheadgaining and exit gravity utilizing assisted Linear speed 9 Trail Solutions, pg.56 soil below....creates the best, most durable foundation Trail. along the trail surface while for the trail surface” (IMBA 2004). Trails should also be 7 removing soil along the entire length of the trail (trail photo built with proper outslope so water is not trapped on 2). the trail surface. Grade reversals are a good5 Trail Solutions, method pg 56 6 Trail Solutions, pg 67 to divert water off the trail surface and 7prevent Trail solutions pgwater 69 8 Trail Solutions pg 69 from channelizing along the trail itself. 9 Trail Solutions, pg.56 Figure 130: Trails built along the “fall line” channelize JustwaterIn orderone lookand to accomplish atcause the lower erosion. this part loop of Imagesystem, this trail somecredit: will of show th IMBAe existing proof, 2004 as the stairs7 at the bottom are barely usable Trails should follow the natural contour of the land. Fall duetrail to will erosion be included (trail photo and new 3). trail A trail created. re-route A small will portion be necessary here, converting the entrance to a more line trails – trail that runs perpendicular to the contour sustainable,of the existing rolling trails contour will be trail.blocked off and covered to – should be avoided. “Trail that follows the fall line discourage use. Some of the trails to be blocked are inconsistent with the loop system. Others are inappropriate to will erode very quickly, causing not only hazard to the use for trails as they present drainage and sustainability issues. environment but a maintenance quagmire. The trail ”Poorly designed trails tread or trail surface will constantly change making can alter hydrologic functions - for instance, it very unstable and unsafe to use” (IMBA 2004). A 4 Trail Solutions, pg 60 trails can intercept and “rolling contour” trail “gently traverses a hillside and divert water from seeps or springs, which serve 6 avoids the problem of fall line erosion.” Where trail important ecological access is required on steep slopes, properly designed functions. In those situations, water can switchbacks could be used to work up the grade more sometimes flow along the slowly. This will allow the slope of the trail to be more tread, leading to gradual, and allow the trail tread to maintain proper muddiness or erosion and, in the case of cupped and drainage. eroded treads; the water may flow some distance Utilizing trail best management practices such as these 10 will ensure that the investment in new park trails will Figure Trail Solutions, 131: A pg switchback 152 can be used to traverse steeper be sustained and well received by the public. grades. Image credit: IMBA 2004 8 Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 103 [this page intentionally left blank] CHAPTER 9: Conclusion

Roger Schultz Community Park is a special place in Manhattan. It is rare to find 90 acres of open space prairie and woodlands within the city, accessible to so many residents. Warner Park is a comparable natural resource which, for over 50 years, has offered Manhattan residents a place for quiet respite, exercise, and discovery. Roger Schultz Community Park offers similar opportunities, and more, for our growing community. Community input has been an integral part of shaping the vision and plan for the Roger Schultz Community Park The ideas proposed in this master plan are based on contributions from neighborhood residents; local experts in topics such as biology, history, archaeology, range management, design, and construction; and numerous volunteers from city advisory boards and local clubs. The community’s vision for the park is rooted in the ruggedness and beauty of the Flint Hills landscape. Community members expressed a strong desire for maintaining the wildness of the park, while also providing spaces for play and recreation. This plan capitalizes on the park’s natural beauty by preserving over 90% of the land as undeveloped open space. The plan also proposes restoration of the site’s critical prairie and woodland habitat. Finally, the plan proposes strategic interventions intended to make the land more accessible and available for all people to enjoy. To realize this plan, the City will need to continue partnerships with the community members who have helped shape the plan and commit resources to the development and management of the park. Roger Schultz Community Park Master Plan Page 105 [this page intentionally left blank] APPENDICES

A. RTCA Program information B. Online Survey Instrument C. Draft Burn Plan D. References

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