The Chagos Archipelago: Its Nature and the Future

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Chagos Archipelago: Its Nature and the Future 71°30 72°00 73°00 73°30 THE BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRItoRY The Chagos Archipelago: Its Nature and the Future Organisations supporting the environmental objectives set out contents in this brochure include: 1 Where and what is the Chagos? 2-3 What’s so special about the The Chagos Environment Network: Chagos environment? Chagos Conservation Trust 4-5 What’s the big idea? The Linnean Society 6-7 Creating a Chagos Archipelago Pew Environment Group Reserve Area The Royal Society The Royal Society for the 8-9 The largest coral atoll in the world Protection of Birds (RSPB) 10-11 Chagos oceans and fisheries The Zoological Society of 12-13 The massacre of the London (ZSL) Indian Ocean sharks Coral Cay Conservation 14-15 The Chagossian people and National Coral Reef Institute History of the Chagos 16-17 Science and the Chagos The Nature Conservancy 18-19 Chagos climate change and UK Overseas Territories island survival Conservation Forum 20-21 Chagos natural treasures United Nations Environment 22-23 Hard shells: the world’s largest Programme (UNEP) crab and others The University of Wales 24 An inspiring example The University of Warwick 25 The Chagos Conservation Trust The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Published by the Chagos Conservation Trust www.chagos-trust.org Email: [email protected] Tel: 44 (0)20 738 7712 71°30 72°00 73°00 73°30 10380_CH_ChagosCOVER_v7.indd 1 31/12/08 17:29:48 71°30 72°00 73°00 73°30 5°30 Colvocoresses The Chagos Speakers Bank Reef Conservation Trust The Chagos Conservation Trust (CCT) is a well-established, entirely voluntary, charitable society which promotes conservation and related Blenheim Reef science and education in respect of the Chagos Archipelago (The British Peros Banhos Atoll Indian Territory). The Chagos Archipelago is an exceptional natural asset for the planet, as one of the most pristine tropical marine environments still surviving. Salomon Atoll In our increasingly crowded world it provides a rare refuge for very vulnerable wildlife. Also, because it still has a mainly unspoilt and healthy 6°00 environment, the Chagos provides us with a benchmark showing how the web of life functions in its natural state; and this is important in helping us Victory Bank to understand and deal with such problems as pollution, loss of biodiversity and climate change. Nelsons Island The British Government, through the BIOT Administration, is committed to conserving the environment of the Territory and has taken measures to put this into effect. It has designated a first Ramsar site and has agreed in principle on substantial further Ramsar designations on the basis Three Brothers of proposals from CCT. The Government has also declared a very large Environmental Zone and has undertaken to manage the area as if it were a natural World Heritage site. Eagle Island Clearly, however, there needs to be a means of engaging non-governmental interest and support for this remarkable treasure trove of marine and island 6°30 nature. This is the function of the Chagos Conservation Trust. Great Chagos Bank The Trust monitors the status of the environment with the most expert Danger Island scientific advice and provides a channel for bringing environmental problems to the attention of the British and BIOT Governments. It promotes and supports practical measures such as, in 2006, a major ship-based scientific survey. The Society’s publications include CDs, factsheets and booklets on the fauna and flora of the Chagos and the book Peak of Limuria, the Story of Diego Garcia and the Chagos Archipelago. They represent a significant contribution to information on this little-known part of the world. Egmount Atoll In face of the longer-term threats and uncertainties facing the Chagos Pitt Bank environment, the Trust is concerned to continue to support and to Calvin Bank strengthen the national and international framework for its protection, in co-operation and partnership with other organisations. 7°00 Website: www.chagos-trust.org Contact: Simon E Hughes In the USA: Sam Purkis Secretary CCT National Coral Reef Institute 29 Champion Hill Nova Southeastern University London SE5 8AL 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004 USA Ganges Bank Diego Garcia T: 44 (0) 20 7738 7712 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] 25 Centurion Bank 7°30 71°30 72°00 73°00 73°30 10380_CH_ChagosCOVER_v7.indd 2 31/12/08 17:30:01.
Recommended publications
  • This Keyword List Contains Indian Ocean Place Names of Coral Reefs, Islands, Bays and Other Geographic Features in a Hierarchical Structure
    CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 8/9/2016 Indian Ocean This keyword list contains Indian Ocean place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. For example, the first name on the list - Bird Islet - is part of the Addu Atoll, which is in the Indian Ocean. The leading label - OCEAN BASIN - indicates this list is organized according to ocean, sea, and geographic names rather than country place names. The list is sorted alphabetically. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Indian Ocean” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. For example, the first place name “Bird Islet” has a unique identifier of “00S073E0013”. From that we see that Bird Islet is located at 00 degrees south (S) and 073 degrees east (E). It is place number 0013 at that latitude and longitude. (Note: some long lines wrapped, placing the unique identifier on the following line.) This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bird Islet (00S073E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bushy Islet (00S073E0014) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Fedu Island (00S073E0008)
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of the British Indian Ocean Territory, Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean Peter Carr
    CARR: Birds of Chagos 57 Birds of the British Indian Ocean Territory, Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean Peter Carr Carr, P., 2015. Birds of the British Indian Ocean Territory, Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Indian BIRDS 10 (3&4): 57–70. Peter Carr, 80 Links Way, Beckenham, Kent, England, UK, BR3 3DQ. E-mail: [email protected]. Manuscript received on 02 June 2015. Introduction from three directions, the east, north and west and seabird The Chagos Archipelago lies at the end of the Chagos-Laccadive migrants from four, the north and south and dispersing east and Ridge and is some 500km due South of the Maldives archipelago. west along the equatorial counter current systems.” Observations It is the final termini for migrating organisms heading South in post-1971 have proven that Bourne’s words were prophetic; the central Indian Ocean. It is made up of five islanded atolls landbird and seabird vagrants and migrants are an exciting aspect centred upon the Great Chagos Bank, the largest atoll structure of birding in the Chagos. The vast majority of migratory species in the world. The climate is tropical oceanic, hot and humid yet are of northern hemisphere origin (though there is evidence moderated by trade winds. Mean monthly temperatures vary that a limited number of vagrants are from the east and west) from a maximum of 30.75°C in March to a minimum of 28.03°C and are generally present in the archipelago from September in August. The northern atolls of the archipelago are the wettest through to March. As more ornithological research is conducted in the Indian Ocean (Stoddart & Taylor 1971).
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Darwin Initiative Annual Report Important note: To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders: it is expected that this report will be about 10 pages in length, excluding annexes Submission Deadline: 30 April Project Reference 19-027 Project Title Strengthening the world’s largest Marine Protected Area: Chagos Archipelago Host Country/ies British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) Contract Holder Institution Bangor University Partner institutions University of Warwick, Zoological Society of London, FCO BIOT Administration Darwin Grant Value £287,788 Start/end dates of project 2012/13 – 2014/15 Reporting period (eg Apr 2013 2013-2014: Annual Report 2 – Mar 2014) and number (eg Annual Report 1, 2, 3) Project Leader name Dr John R Turner Project website Chagos Environment Outreach Project: http://www.zsl.org/conservation/regions/africa/chagos- coral/chagos-community,1915,AR.html http://www.zsl.org/regions/uk-and-overseas-territories/chagos- archipelago Scientific Expedition 2014: http://chagos-trust.org/2014-biot- expedition Report author(s) and date Dr John Turner, Prof Charles Sheppard, Dr Heather Koldewey, Rebecca Short and Audrey Blancart contributed to report and/or annexes. June 2014. Project Goal: To strengthen the Chagos Marine Protected Area by providing scientific knowledge for effective management, and develop a strategy that engages the support of potential stakeholders through outreach, education and engagement. The legacy will be sound management and increased value of what is currently the world’s largest no-take Marine Protected Area and a unique and globally important reference site. Location: The Chagos archipelago is situated in the middle of the Indian Ocean at the southernmost end of the Laccadive-Chagos ridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Bleaching Impacts from Back-To-Back 2015–2016 Thermal Anomalies in the Remote Central Indian Ocean
    Coral Reefs (2019) 38:605–618 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01821-9 REPORT Coral bleaching impacts from back-to-back 2015–2016 thermal anomalies in the remote central Indian Ocean 1,2,5 3,4,5 1 Catherine E. I. Head • Daniel T. I. Bayley • Gwilym Rowlands • 6 7 1 5 Ronan C. Roche • David M. Tickler • Alex D. Rogers • Heather Koldewey • 6 1,8 John R. Turner • Dominic A. Andradi-Brown Received: 28 September 2018 / Accepted: 20 May 2019 / Published online: 12 July 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Studying scleractinian coral bleaching and becoming the dominant coral genus post-bleaching because recovery dynamics in remote, isolated reef systems offers of an 86% decline in Acropora from 14 to 2% cover. an opportunity to examine impacts of global reef stressors Spatial heterogeneity in Acropora mortality across the in the absence of local human threats. Reefs in the Chagos Archipelago was significantly negatively correlated with Archipelago, central Indian Ocean, suffered severe variation in DHWs and with chlorophyll-a concentrations. bleaching and mortality in 2015 following a 7.5 maximum In 2016, a 17.6 maximum DHWs thermal anomaly caused degree heating weeks (DHWs) thermal anomaly, causing a further damage, with 68% of remaining corals bleaching in 60% coral cover decrease from 30% cover in 2012 to 12% May 2016, and coral cover further declining by 29% at in April 2016. Mortality was taxon specific, with Porites Peros Banhos Atoll (northern Chagos Archipelago) from 14% in March 2016 to 10% in April 2017. We therefore document back-to-back coral bleaching and mortality Topic Editor: Morgan S.
    [Show full text]
  • Alejandro Anganuzzi Executive Secretary Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Mahe Seychelles 20 January 2010
    18 Queen Street Tel: (+ 44) 020 7255 7755 London Fax: (+ 44) 020 7499 5388 W1J 5PN E-Mail: [email protected] United Kingdom Internet: www.mrag.co.uk Alejandro Anganuzzi Executive Secretary Indian Ocean Tuna Commission Mahe Seychelles 20 January 2010 Dear Dr Anganuzzi, Resolution 09/03. On establishing a list of vessels presumed to have carried out illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in the IOTC area. On behalf of the British Indian Ocean Territory Administration as required under resolution 09/03 please find attached details of five vessels flagged to Sri Lanka carrying out IUU fishing activities in the IOTC Area, specifically within the BIOT Fisheries Conservation Management Zone during 2009. The Sri Lankan Authorities have been notified of this action. All vessel owners have paid their fines and the vessels have been released. We would be grateful if you could bring these details to the attention of the Compliance Committee for inclusion on the IUU list. Whilst none of the vessels had tuna onboard there were a large number of sharks and the vessels all used longline gear, associated with targeting tuna. This further highlights the continuing problem of IUU activity by vessels flagged to Sri Lanka, despite this issue having been raised at a number of levels in the past. Yours sincerely Dr C. C. Mees Head of UK Delegation to IOTC Marine Resources Assessment Group MRAG Ltd In association with Registered Company no. 291 2982 Marine Education and Conservation Trust VAT Registration No 877 7013 92 Reg. Charity No. 297 193 IOTC Reporting Form For Illegal Activity Recalling IOTC Resolution 2009/03 ³2Q Hstablishing a list of vessels presumed to have carried out illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in the IOTC area´ attached are details of illegal activity recorded in the British Indian Ocean Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
    [Show full text]
  • Additional International Service Terms and Conditions
    Additional International Service Terms and Conditions International Applied Charges: International calls that begin in one rate period and end in another rate period will be charged the rate in effect at the time the connection is established. Telecommunications Relay Service (“TRS”) Discount: TRS service "includes domestic interstate and international calls." "International calls placed through the MCI National TRS Center are not eligible for discounts." Casual (Non-Account) Calling Surcharge: $5.50 per-call surcharge is applicable to international calls placed by Casual Callers. International Direct Dial Calling rates apply. Operator Assistance Service Operator Assistance service is available with rates that apply 24 hours a day and seven days a week. The rates apply to calls that originate in the U.S. Mainland and Hawaii and terminate in the international locations identified in a separate table. Call usage will be calculated on a 60-second minimum duration basis with additional 60-second increments.. Operator Assistance surcharges will apply. Below is a list of international locations that may be reached only with the assistance of an operator. Operator services surcharges do not apply to calls made to these locations. COUNTRY COUNTRY CODE NAME ------------- ------------------------- 246 BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN 246 CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO 246 DANGER ISLAND 246 DIEGO GARCIA 246 EAGLE ISLANDS 246 EGMONT ISLAND 246 NELSONS ISLAND 246 PEROS BANHOS 246 SALOMON ISLANDS 246 THREE BROTHERS 258 MOZAMBIQUE 675 NEW BRITIAN 675 NEW GUINEA 675 NEW IRELAND 675 ADMIRALITY ISLANDS 675 BISMRK ARCHPLGO ISL 690 TOKELAU ISLAND 808 MIDWAY ISLANDS (US) 808 WAKE ISLAND (US) 850 KOREA, NORTH 872 PITCAIRN ISLAND International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT) Special rates apply to calls that involve International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT) Calling.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study for the Resettlement of the British Indian Ocean Territory
    Feasibility Study for the Resettlement of the British Indian Ocean Territory Draft Report 13th November 2014 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 4 1.1 The British Indian Ocean Territory 4 1.2 Aims and overview of this study 5 1.3 Structure of this draft report 6 2 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 7 2.1 Guiding principles 7 2.2 Analytical framework 8 2.3 Key phases of activity 11 3 KEY ACTIVITIES AND RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS 13 3.1 Field visit to the British Indian Ocean Territory 13 3.2 Consultations and survey results 15 3.3 Overview of resettlement options 18 4 LEGAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS 20 4.1 Introduction and overview 20 4.2 Constitutional and governance framework 22 4.3 Treaty arrangements between the US and the UK 31 4.4 Environmental protection laws and conventions 32 4.5 Conclusions and implications for resettlement 35 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 38 5.1 Introduction and overview 38 5.2 Assessment of key environmental issues 38 5.3 Evaluation of potential resettlement locations 48 5.4 Summary environmental comparison of resettlement options 55 6 INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS 58 6.1 Introduction and overview 58 6.2 Assessment of key infrastructure issues 59 6.3 Summary of implications for resettlement 66 7 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 68 7.1 Introduction and overview 68 7.2 Data sources 68 7.3 Indicative cost estimates 68 8 COMPARISON OF RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS 74 8.1 Choice of resettlement location 74 8.2 Environmental considerations 76 8.3 Comparative costs of resettlement options 79 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BIOT British Indian Ocean
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating Space Use of Mobile Fishes in a Large Marine Protected Area with Methodological Considerations in Acoustic Array Design
    fmars-06-00256 May 21, 2019 Time: 18:26 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 May 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00256 Estimating Space Use of Mobile Fishes in a Large Marine Protected Area With Methodological Considerations in Acoustic Array Design Edited by: Aaron B. Carlisle1*†, David Tickler2, Jonathan J. Dale1, Francesco Ferretti1, Rob Harcourt, David J. Curnick3,4, Taylor K. Chapple1, Robert J. Schallert1, Michael Castleton1 and Macquarie University, Australia Barbara A. Block1 Reviewed by: 1 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States, 2 Marine Futures Lab, School of Biological Alana Grech, Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, 3 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral United Kingdom, 4 Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Reef Studies, Australia University College London, London, United Kingdom Phil J. Bouchet, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become an increasingly important tool to protect *Correspondence: and conserve marine resources. However, there remains much debate about how Aaron B. Carlisle [email protected] effective MPAs are, especially in terms of their ability to protect mobile marine species † Present address: such as teleost and chondrichthyan fishes. We used satellite and acoustic tags to assess Aaron B. Carlisle, the ability of a large oceanic MPA, the British Indian Ocean Territory MPA (BIOT MPA), School of Marine Science and Policy, to protect seven species of pelagic and reef-associated teleost and chondrichthyan University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, United States fishes. We satellite-tagged 26 animals from six species (Blue Marlin, Reef Mantas, Sailfish, Silky Sharks, Silvertip Sharks, and Yellowfin Tuna), producing 2,735 days of Specialty section: movement data.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOT Field Report
    ©2015 Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation. All Rights Reserved. Science Without Borders®. All research was completed under: British Indian Ocean Territory, The immigration Ordinance 2006, Permit for Visit. Dated 10th April, 2015, issued by Tom Moody, Administrator. This report was developed as one component of the Global Reef Expedition: BIOT research project. Citation: Global Reef Expedition: British Indian Ocean Territory. Field Report 19. Bruckner, A.W. (2015). Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, MD. pp 36. The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation (KSLOF) was incorporated in California as a 501(c)(3), public benefit, Private Operating Foundation in September 2000. The Living Oceans Foundation is dedicated to providing science-based solutions to protect and restore ocean health. For more information, visit http://www.lof.org and https://www.facebook.com/livingoceansfoundation Twitter: https://twitter.com/LivingOceansFdn Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation 130 Severn Avenue Annapolis, MD, 21403, USA [email protected] Executive Director Philip G. Renaud Chief Scientist Andrew W. Bruckner, Ph.D. Images by Andrew Bruckner, unless noted. Maps completed by Alex Dempsey, Jeremy Kerr and Steve Saul Fish observations compiled by Georgia Coward and Badi Samaniego Front cover: Eagle Island. Photo by Ken Marks. Back cover: A shallow reef off Salomon Atoll. The reef is carpeted in leather corals and a bleached anemone, Heteractis magnifica, is visible in the fore ground. A school of giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, pass over the reef. Photo by Phil Renaud. Executive Summary Between 7 March 2015 and 3 May 2015, the Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation conducted two coral reef research missions as components of our Global Reef Expedition (GRE) program.
    [Show full text]
  • Chagos News the Periodical Newsletter of the Chagos Conservation Trust No.35 January 2010
    ISSN 1355-6746 Chagos News The Periodical Newsletter of the Chagos Conservation Trust No.35 January 2010 EDITORIAL what will be the most important marine Possibly the most important event for protected area in the Indian Ocean, CCT in its history to date, is the issue by perhaps even the world. the government of the Consultation document on proposals for the Chagos The excellent condition of Chagos is of Protected Area. course for the most part restricted to its marine environment. But although much There is an old Chinese saying which, in of the land environment has been its three parts, goes: May you come to the degraded due to the coconut plantations attention of those in authority; May you which covered most of the islands, and find what you are looking for; and May because of introduced plants and rats you live in interesting times. which came with the people, many of the smaller islands were left Well, for CCT this is exactly what we have undisturbed. These islands today been waiting for! Our long time efforts for contain huge numbers and densities of the conservation of Chagos have certainly seabirds and have resulted in there come to the attention of those in authority, being ten Important Bird Areas amongst resulting in the FCO issuing this the islands. document, of which there is more information by Charles Sheppard in this The idea to improve the condition of the issue. terrestrial habitat was first proposed over 30 years ago, during the We certainly hope to find what we are expeditions of the 1970s, though looking for and, for many complex practical work on it started only 6 years reasons, these are certainly interesting ago with the plans to remove the rats times.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes
    Part II. of Volume I. will be published on April 75, igo2. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes Being the Account of the Work carried on and of the Collections made by an Expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 Edited by J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. Fellow of Gonville and Cains College and Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. VOLUME I. PART I. With Plates I —V and Text-Illustrations i —23 Cambridge : at the University Press. London:' C. J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Q ' Ave Maria Lane. 115 u • F 3 Price Fifteen Shillings net. V . 1 pt. 1 ^^"^"^ The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes VOLUME I. PART I. •^ ^ = a ILoniion: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MABIA LANE, AND H. K. LEWIS, 13G, GOWER STREET, W.C. (Slasgoto : 50, WELLINGTON STREET. Itnvm- F- A. BROCKHAUS. i^tto gork: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. eombap: E. SEYMOUR HALE. \All Rifihts re>:erved.\ 1 The Fauna and Geography ^pc of the t Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes Being the Account of the Work carried on and of the Collections made by an Expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 Edited by J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. VOLUME I. PART I. With Plates I —V and Text-Illustrations i —23 Cambridge : at the University Press. 1 90 : CAMBRIDGE PRINTED BY J. AND C. P. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PKESS. PEEEACE. In March, 1899, I left England, in pursuance of my appointment as Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge, with a commission to explore and investigate the Coral Reefs of the Laccadives, Maldives, and Ceylon.
    [Show full text]