State Library of North Carolina
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North Carolina State Library N. C. Ra Ieig h Doc. \ SHELTERING A HERITAGE NORTH CAROLINA'S HISTORIC BUILDINGS - \ l Above: FiT('p lace of the Palmer·Marsh iM.lu)c at Bath. St.'c page 22 for a mmpklc description of the hou!;e. Co,'cr : St. Thomas Church , Bath. See page 4 for a complete de~ r iplin n . Like other colonies in the New World, North Carolina was settled primarily by people of English descent. Therefore. much that remains in our St..1te from earlier days bears the stamp of an English heritage. In our architecture, the innuence of the Mother Country is especially urong. Il stems from the fact that among the colonistS the ideal in architecture was the creation of homes and public buildings that resembled as closely as possible those familiar structures left behind. Dotting the landscape from the natlands of the East to the awesome peaks of the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky mountains of lhe West are thousands of old homes patterned after the mallOrs and farmhouses of England. This plan consisted of two rooms on the first Ooor, one larger than the other, and a loft, sometimes divided, above, In addition to being familiar, the plan also was utilitarian and easy to build. Even as building materials and good builders became more numerous and the amenities of life more accessible in the colony, the style persisted. Although many palatial old homes stand today as reminders of the great planta· tion em in the South, it should be remembered the plantation system was never widespread ill North Carolina as it was in South Carolina and Virginia. Instead, colonial North Carolina, "the vale of humility between twO mountains of conceit,'· was the land of the yeoman farmer who could neither afford nor particularly desired the massive "big house" around which plantation busi ncss and social affairs centered. So while the more affluent planters to Ihe South and to the North devoted much time and money to the cOllstruction of grand homes, practical North Carolinians were developing the art of log cabin constmction to itS highest degree of perfection in the nation. In 1728. William Byrd, a member of the commission that established the border between North Caroli na and Virginia, noted in his private journal that "most of the houses" in eastem North Carolina "are log houses covered with pine or cypress shingles." While modesty has prevailed for the most part in the construction 'of private dwellings, North Carolinians have generally been of a dilTerent turn of mind in the construction of our public buildings. Offering sharp contrast between private and public preferences are such buildings as Tryon Palace at New Bern, once called the most beautiful building in colonial America; The St...te Capitol in Raleigh. regarded as one of the best examples of Grecian Doric architecture in America; the Governor's Mansion, one of the nation's bt.'St examples of Victorian architecture; and the State Legislative Building in Raleigh, one of the most handsome governmental buildings in the fifty states. Throughout Nonh Carolina, there are thousands of private and public build ings linking the present to the past. No single volume could possibly contain all of the buildings which shelter our heritage. For that reason. definite criteria were established at the outset for inclusion in this volume. Those criteria are that buildings are the homes of famous people, the sites of historic eventS, or in themsclves an:hitecturally significant. Since this volume is designed fo r persons visiting Nonh Carolina, particular care was gi ven to the selection of homes that could be visited easily and toured or inspected, thus providing memorable experiences for visitors. , The book is divided into three sections: public buildings. the homes offamoliS per.;ons and the sites of historic events, and architecturally significant buildings. \Vhercver possible. the hours during which a building can be seen are given and admission, if any. is listed. A listing in the back of the book provides a county by-county referellcc for all significant buildings. Pamphlets describing individual buildings or groups of buildings in a given location are often available. The serious architectural scholar can obtain reference sources through the Travel and Promotion Division of the Department of Conservation alld Development or by contacting the North Carolina Department of Archives and History. PUBLIC BUILDINGS T T)'on Palace • , TRYON PALACE ORANGE COUNTY COURTHOUSE Described by many as .. the mOSI bcauliful Thi ~ 1845 example of American Classic RC\'ival building ill Colonial Americ:I," Tryon I'alan' archilttture "'as built by Captain j oh n Berry, was co nstructed in 1767·1770 by Royal Go\'ernor who also constructed the Carolina Playma. ker's William T ryon, The design W,IS b)' J ohll Hawks, Theater .. t Ch:tpel Hill alld lhe original build· all English architect who wa~ the fil"$ t member ing at Wake Forest Collegc, before the institu of his profeS$ion 10 rcmain in America, tion was mOl'ed to ' Vi nslOll·Saicm. North Carolina's first I'rovincial Congress T he clock in the cupola was made in Uirmi ng. mel at the palace in In4 in defiance of ham, England, in 1766, It ""a$ a gift LO the British authority. The beautiful building was town fro m either the Earl of Hillsborough or also the meeting place of Ihe fint constitution:.1 George II J. The dock's original bell was lost. geueml asse mbly ill 1777. Richard Caswell, lint perhaps when raiding Tories thre,,· it into the consdtut iOllal gO\'erll or of the State. was inaugu. river. rated there; "nd the ]label! served as the seat The two-stol'Y building is conSI rUCled of ha nd· 01' go\'crnrne nL much or the lime until the pressed brick laid in lo'lelllish bond. The Doric ClIpital was moved to Raleigh in 179<1. columns of the ]'lOrtioo 5ul'I>orl .m elll"hlalure Physically. the magn ificelll building wa,5 com· that carries around the building, The domed prised of a brick hOllse of two main stories. 87 cupola has a Mluarc pl inth that carries an feet ""ide and 59 fttl deep with two outlying octagonal. ""indo",'cd stage. (Opc" Tuesday wings of tWO lower Stol'i es each. O ne wing th rough Sunday 1:.'10-4:30, Admission free.) contained M:rvants' (Iuan en an,1 a laundry; the other, a gr:IU'u)' and hayloft. ST, THOMAS CHURCH, nATH The p,,!ace combined tile governor's resi· dence and ~talchouse. containing assembly hall. The pa ri5h of SI. Thomas in thr 8 ;.th area W;tS council chamhcr, and public omcn, created in JiOI. four years before North Caro· In 1798. all bUlthe ""cst wing of the building Ii na's oldest town was incorporated, r he church was d~troyed by a fire purportedly 5tHted b)' a buildi ng was slarlt'd in 1734 and completed by woma n looking for eggs in the cellar. However, 1740. ' he uuildil1g h as heen reSlO red 10 its originlll Many of the furnishings for Ihe religious elegance. (Open Tuesday·Saturday. holidays se n 'ices were brought from Engl .. nd, T he com· 9:.'1;·4: Sunday 1:.'10-4: clO!ied New Year's Da y, munion chali ce, given by the 8ishop of London Thanksgiviug. Decembcr 24-26, Admission: 10 the church's first rector in 173.'1, is still owned Adillts $2.00, Child ren throllgh high school nge by the parish, Two three·hranched Sherfield $1.00.) candelabra dale from the time of George I II of Engl,md, 8ETHABARA CH U RCH Also on dispJa) in the church is a Uible dated 170:-1 and a book from North Carolina's This sturdy, wdl'prcsen'ed building, dat ing li rst public lihrary. The book was one of a from 1788, marks the sile where fo.IoraviallS thousand given to SI. Thomas parish in 1699 estahlished their first sCl! lemcm ill North Caro· or 1700 by the Sociely for the Propagation of Ii n a aftCremigrating from l'en llsy l\Pdnia in 17:,.'1, the Gospel in "'oreign Lands through the Re\'. Bu ilt in Iwo section5. the )IrUliUre features twO Thomas Bray. foot pl:utered fieldslolle ",'ails, T he higher In a slllall belfry ncar the ch urch is a bell se<tion is capped by all octagonal lOwer and finl cast in 17:-12 and purchased wilh lIlo ney Sleep Ie. At the rear of the auditoriulil a Il arrow provided by a fund begun by Queen Anile in stair leads to "PIX!r rooms and Ihe belfry, 1701 . T hc lower section of the building cOlllai ns The e lHr ~ n cc to the church is marked by fOllr rooms origin ally designcd 10 house the memorial pla{lues fl anking and abcwe Lhe minincr alld his family. A vau lted ceJlar liC'! doorway. Abo\'e this is a cun'ed brick arch in bene:llh, (Guided tOUI'1i .\londay through Satur· the front wall of the building, The tile floor day W ·!j; Sunday 2·5, Admission free,) of the church co\'ers the gr.t\'C$ of m,IIIY carly St! ttlers, (Opeu yea r round, day and night: THALIAN HALL AdmiS$ion free. \'Oluntary offering box.) Wiimingtoll might be called the birthplac(, of drama ill NOl'lh Carolina si ncc the e,trli eSI wril . MARKET HOUSE ing and produltion .... en: centen:d here. In 1759 Thomas Cod frc)' Jr., li\'ing in Wil· The romantic archi tecture and iu [lu1'l}Qrted minglOn, wrote the finil ;\ mcrkan tragedy, U!>C as a ]Jlace to sell sla"~ have dra"'n much Th t: Prirlet:Q/Po.rlilill.