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New Zealand-6: Motueka River

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New Zealand-6: Motueka River New Zealand ―6 Motueka River Map of River 161 New Zealand ―6 Table of Basic Data Name: Motueka River Serial No. : New Zealand-6 Location: Nelson Region, New Zealand S 41° 05' ~ 41° 47' E 172° 24' ~ 173° 08' Area: 2,076 km2 Length of main stream: 116 km Origin: Red Hills, in SE of catchment Highest point: Mt. Owen, 1,875 m Outlet: Tasman Bay Lowest point: River mouth, 0 m Main geological features: Complex geology of: basement igneous, ultramafic and sedimentary rocks, young sedimentary rocks, clay-bound gravels and small, but hydrologically significant areas of younger alluvium. Main tributaries: Wangapeka, Motupiko, Baton, Upper Motueka, Tadmor, Dove, Stanley Brook. Main lakes: None Main reservoirs: None Mean annual precipitation: 1,600 mm Mean annual runoff: 844 mm Population: 12,000 Main cities: Motueka (7,000) Land use: Agriculture (pastoral, horticultural) and commercial forestry on lowland and hill areas. Protected Indigenous forests in the mountains. 1. General Description The Motueka River drains 2,076 km2 of dominantly mountainous and hilly terrain located about 40 km west of the city of Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. The catchment elevation range is from sea level to 1,875 m. The river rises in the southeast of the catchment and flows north for about 116 km to Tasman Bay. The Motueka is joined by a series of small and medium-sized tributaries that drain hilly alluvial terrain to the east, and by a series of much larger tributaries originating in a complex assemblage of sedimentary and igneous rocks which form the mountainous terrain of the Arthur Range on the western boundary of the catchment. Rainfall is strongly seasonal. Catchment mean annual rainfall is around 1,600 mm. Average monthly maximum temperature (29°C) and average monthly maximum pan evaporation (180 mm) occurs in December and January, respectively. Frosts can occur between April and October and snow can fall during all months at higher elevations. Mean annual sunshine hours (2,407) are among the highest in New Zealand with mean monthly values ranging from 265 to 134 hours in January and June, respectively. The Motueka River basin is geologically and pedologically very complex. The wide variety of rock types include, complex basement rocks, ultramafic and old sedimentary rocks, granites, young sedimentary rocks, clay-bound gravels and small, but hydrologically significant areas of recent alluvium. The characteristics of the wide variety of soils are closely related to geology, landform and climate. The Motueka Catchment is largely rural. The major productive land uses are commercial forestry (25%), sheep and beef farming (19%) and limited, but increasing dairying. Horticulture, mainly pip- fruit, berry-fruit, hops and market gardening, occupies a small, but expanding area, and is a major surface and groundwater user. The largest areas of indigenous forest are found in the Kahurangi National Park situated in the headwaters of the western tributaries, and in Mt. Richmond Forest Park, in the upper catchment. 162 New Zealand ―6 2. Geographical Information 2.1 Geological Map 163 New Zealand ―6 2.2 Land Use Map 164 New Zealand ―6 2.3 Characteristics of River and Main Tributaries Length [km] Highest peak [m] Towns Land use [%] No. Name of river Catchment area Lowest point [m] population (2001) (2001) [km2] Motueka 116 1,875 Motueka F60 1 (Main river) 2,076 0 7,000 A20 Wangapeka 41 1,875 F80 2 None (Tributary) 483 130 A10 Motupiko 50 1,540 F85 3 None (Tributary) 344 180 A10 Baton 28 1,810 F90 4 None (Tributary) 212 90 A 5 Upper Motueka 26 1,790 F60 5 None (Headwaters) 163 370 S40 Tadmor 40 1,200 F50 6 None (Tributary) 124 130 A45 Dove 23 450 F45 7 None (Tributary) 102 180 A50 Stanley Brook 27 580 F60 8 None (Tributary) 93 90 A35 A: Agricultural (pastoral, horticultural) F: Forest (indigenous, commercial) S: Scrub/Tussock 2.4 Longitudinal Profiles 165 New Zealand ―6 3. Climatological Information 3.1 Annual Isohyetal Map and Observation Stations Primary Flow/Active Rainfall means that both flow and rainfall are being measured at the location. Active Rainfall means that only rainfall is being measured. 166 New Zealand ―6 3.2 List of Meteorological Observation Stations Mean annual Mean annual Elevation Period of Period of Other No. Station Location rainfall evaporation1) [m] record record Items2) [mm] [mm] S41°06' Jan 1943 Jan 1971 P, T, G12191 Motueka 8 1,376 1,050 E 172° 58' Jun 2003 Sep 1996 TS, SR 1) Raised pan. 2) P = Precipitation, T = Temperature, TS = Total Sunshine, SR = Solar Radiation 3.3 Monthly Climate Data Observation Observation Period for Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual item station the mean Temperature Apr 1956 Motueka 17.4 17.5 15.9 12.9 10.1 7.6 6.9 8.1 10.2 12.3 14.2 16.2 12.4 [°C] Jun 2003 Precipitation Jan 1943 Motueka 75 89 100 123 133 129 144 153 115 121 99 96 1,376 [mm] Jun 2003 Evaporation Jan 1971 Motueka 168 124 99 61 32 23 27 42 72 105 137 158 1,050 [mm] Sep 1996 Solar radiation Apr 1995 Motueka 23.2 20.4 17.0 10.9 7.6 6.1 6.9 9.4 13.0 17.4 21.3 23.3 14.7 [MJ/m2/d] Jun 2003 Duration of Jan 1965 Motueka 265 235 216 186 166 134 153 170 184 222 231 246 2,407 sunshine [hr] Jun 2003 3.4 Long-term Variation of Monthly Precipitation 167 New Zealand ―6 4. Hydrological Information 4.1 Map of Streamflow Observation Stations 168 New Zealand ―6 4.2 List of Hydrological Observation Stations Catchment Observation Observation No.* Station Location area (A) items1) period [km2] (frequency) S 41° 16' 57009 Motueka @ Woodstock 1,750 1969 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 49' S 41° 20' 57025 Wangapeka @ Walters Peak 479 1981 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 46' S 41° 37' 57036 Motupiko @ Christies 105 1990 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 48' S 41° 19' 57004 Baton @ Flats 168 1971 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 43' S 41° 38' 57008 Upper Motueka @ Gorge 163 1965 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 55' S 41° 27' 57024 Tadmor @ Mudstone 88 1978 ~ 2003 Q, P (15m, 1h) E 172° 44' S 41° 19' 57014 Stanley Brook @ Barkers 82 1970 ~ 1994 Q, P (---, ---) E 172° 49' Q2) Qmax3) Qmax4) Qmin5) Q/A Qmax/A Period of No.* [m3/s] [m3/s] [m3/s] [m3/s] [m3/s/100km2] [m3/s/100km2] statistics 57009 59.4 1,442 646 9.4 3.40 82 1970-2000 57025 23.8 605 270 4.6 4.97 126 1983-2000 57036 2.2 45 23 0.4 2.10 43 1991-2000 57004 8.1 242 95 1.6 4.79 144 1983-2000 57008 7.1 212 109 1.5 4.37 130 1965-2000 57024 2.2 69 31 0.2 2.51 79 1980-2000 57014 1.2 76 34 0.0 1.4 94 1970-1994 *: New Zealand stream gauging site numbers. 1) Q: Discharge P: Precipitation 15m: 15 minutes, 1h: 1 hour 2) Mean annual discharge 3) Maximum daily discharge 4) Mean maximum daily discharge 5) Mean minimum daily discharge 169 New Zealand ―6 4.3 Long-term Variation of Monthly Discharge 4.4 Annual Pattern of Discharge 170 New Zealand ―6 1) Located 36 km upstream from the river mouth. 2) Contributing area = 1,750 km2 4.5 Annual Maximum and Minimum Discharges Motueka at Woodstock1), 2) Maximum3) Minimum4) Maximum3) Minimum4) Year Date Flow Date Flow Year Date Flow Date Flow [d/m] [m3/s] [d/m] [m3/s] [d/m] [m3/s] [d/m] [m3/s] 1970 1/9 621.8 21/2 6.512 1986 26/1 626.5 14/12 12.96 1971 7/6 616.1 21/2 6.873 1987 21/5 312.4 23/2 11.6 1972 13/8 934.0 3/3 6.558 1988 6/10 984.3 2/2 11.21 1973 22/11 527.1 12/3 5.256 1989 11/6 485.9 29/4 10.95 1974 17/4 1,013 1/4 7.399 1990 13/8 1,355 15/4 7.437 1975 14/3 656.0 7/1 6.759 1991 8/8 485.7 17/7 10.13 1976 28/1 474.4 27/3 10.48 1992 9/7 424.8 6/6 10.22 1977 29/6 587.5 23/4 9.839 1993 14/6 725.2 9/5 11.33 1978 21/10 396.4 18/3 6.512 1994 8/11 704.3 19/4 9.299 1979 1/11 837.3 11/2 9.354 1995 24/12 599.7 22/1 12.14 1980 6/6 544.3 31/12 13.73 1996 14/11 423.9 30/12 16.39 1981 16/11 825.3 1/3 6.254 1997 19/6 420.1 7/11 11.00 1982 23/6 409.2 17/2 9.143 1998 3/7 792.1 6/3 10.6 1983 10/7 1,442 23/3 6.959 1999 16/6 275.3 25/2 6.337 1984 7/7 336.6 2/3 11.05 2000 22/7 457.5 1/4 9.360 1985 5/9 568.8 17/4 8.984 1) Located 36 km upstream from the river mouth. 2) Contributing area = 1,750 km2 3), 4) Daily mean values 171 New Zealand ―6 4.6 Hyetographs and Hydrographs of Major Floods 5.
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