DOCSLIB.ORG

Handbook of Forensic Science Federal Bureau Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Handbook of Forensic Science Federal Bureau Of l""'--:--~""'" If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. l i I U.S. Department of Justi~ ~ Federal Bureau of Investigation HANDBOOK OF Office of the Director FORENSIC SCIENCE Washington. D.C. 20535 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Each day the modern crime laboratory attempts to discover new techniques of applying recent technological and scientific developments to aid the on-the-scene invest:igator in solving crime. The Handbook of Forensic Science se'eksto f~~iliarize the investigator with these techniques and to makelaboratory. known the capabilities and the limitation~ of the: crime The value of properly collected physical evidence U.S. Department of Justl.ce ex~.unined by trained scientists in the crime laboratory cannot National Institute of Justice besystem. overestimated. It is a vital element in ,our criminal justice ced exa"Uv as received from the This document has bee~ ~ep;?dl\ Points~o{ view or opinions stat~d erson 0' organization ongma 109 I. thors and do not necessarily in this document are tho.s.e of the ~~es of the National Institute of -""resent10t"~ the official posItion or po I I At crime scenes every law enforcement officer shares Justice. the responsibility of collecting as much pertinent physical Permission to reproduce ....."l";~ c....,....,.-..~n~ material has been evidence as possible. The objective of the handbook is to granted by. • /Federal Bureau of Invest- make available to law enforcement personnel a guide to legally PUbll.c :oamaln . /US Dept of Just.::.:l._c_e__ accepted and practical procedures for collecting, preserving l.gatl.on • I and nandling physical evidence. It contains suggestions and 10 Ihe National Criminal Justice Reference Selvice (NCJRS). enforcement.is offered as a training aid for those in professional law F rther reoroduction outside. of the NCJRS system requires permis- Si~n of the ~ owner. J It is hoped that this handbook will promote maximum use of physical evidence in our criminal justice system and encourage greater use of the crime laboratory to help solve today's law enforcement challenges. Director Federal Bureau of Investigation REVISED MARCH, 1984 I TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I PAGE f PART I "[nt.roduction • INTRODUCTION . • • u • 1 Services of the FBI Identification Division • • Services of the FBI Laboratory and . 3 DEFINITIONS OF "EVIDENCE Technical Services Divisions • . 5 Availability of Services • • • • • • • c. • • (1) That which is legally submi.tted to a competent tribunal 7 as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter P1LR.T II Crime Scene Search of fact under investigation before it. .. 9 Bombing Crime Scene • • • . (2) Anything which a suspect leaves ata crime scene or takes . 13 from the scelle or which may be otherwise connected with PAR'!' III FBI Technical Services Division, the crime. Engineering Section • • • • • • • . 17 Terminology PART IV FBI Identification Division . 20 "Physical," "real," "tangible," "laboratory," and "latent" are all Latent Fingerprint Section adjectives to describe the types of evidence which the FBI . 24 Laboratory and Identification Divisions examine. PART V FBI Laboratory Division . 30 PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE Serology Examinations • • • • • • • • • • Microscopic Examinations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 A. Aids in the solution of the case because it can: Chemical Examinations • • . • •• • • 37 Mineralogy Examinations • • • • • • 40 (1) Develop M.O.'s or show similar M.O.'s. Firearms Identification • • • • • • • • • . 45 52 "' Toolmark Identification • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • (2) Develop or ident.ify suspects. Metallurgy Examinations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 60 Instrumental Analysis Examinations • • • 64 (3) Prove or disprove an alibi. Explosive Examinations " • • • • • • • • • . • • •. 68 73 (4) Connect ~or eliminate suspects. Document Examinations • • • • • • • • • • • • • ti • • Photographic Examinations • • • • • • • • 75 Shoe Print & Tire Tread Examinations '" 84 (5) Identify loot or contraband. Clandestine Business Records Analysis • • • • . 86 90 lead~. Linguistic Examinations • • • • • • • 0 (6) Provide Radiation Hazards • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 93 94 B. Proves an element of the offense, for example: PART VI Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence 99 (1) Safe insulation, glass or building materials on suspect's Requesting Laboratory Assistance • • • • • • • • • • clothing may prove entry. Shipment of Evidence • • • • • • 101 Sample Request for Examination • • • • • .• .• .• .• . 103 (2) Stomach contents, bullets, residue at scene of fire, Sample FBI Latent Fingerprint Report " • • • • • • 105 semen, blood, toolmarks may all prove elements of certain Sample FBI Laboratory Report • • • • • • • • • • 107 offenses. Handling of Hazardous Materials • • • • • • • • • • • 109 Collection, Shipment, Identification and III (3) Safe insulation on tools may be sufficient to prove violation of possession of burglary tools statutes. Packaging Charts • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Proper Sealing of Evidence • • • • • " • • • • • 112 134 1 II f. J",f r- f ! 1 SERVICES OF FBI IDENTIFICATION DIVISION I c. Proves theory of a case, for example: A. Largest collection of fingerprint ldentification data in the (1) Footprints may shm'l how many were at scene. world available to law enforcement agencies. ~ (2) Auto paint on clothing may show that a person was hit by B. Will furnish standard forms, such as fingerprint cards, for car instead of otherwise injured" submitting identification data. NATURE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE C. Search of fingerprints: For the most part, physical evidence falls into two classifications: (1) Arrest cards. Evidence with Individual Identifying Characteristics (2) Application cards (taken in compliance with Federal and state statutes). This evidence can be positively identified as having come from a specific source or person if sufficient identifying characteristics, {3) Deceased and amnesia victims. l or sufficient microscopic or accidental markings are present. (Examples are: fingerprints, handwriting, bullets, toolmarks, shoe (4) International exchange of fingerprint data. prints, pieces of glass where the broken edges can be matched, and wood where broken/cut surfaces can be matched.) D. Name checks to locate identification records. Evidence with Class Characteristics Only E. Fugitive program: This evidence, no matter how thoroughly examined, can only be placed (1) Wanted notices placed on fingerprint cards for law into a class. A definite identification as to its source can never enforcement agencies. be made since there is the possibility of more than one source for the evidence found. (Examples are: soil, blood, hairs, fibers, (2) Records of fugitives furnished to agencies. single-layered paint from a safe or car, glass fragments too small to match broken edges, and toolmarks, shoe prints, or bullets, in F. Latent print examinations: those instances where the microscopic or accidental markings are insufficient for positive identification.) (1) Will examine original evidence, lifts and photographs. i ~,( It is desirable to have evidence that can be positively identified 1 - (2 ) Comparisons on cases made for indefinite period. f but the value of evidence with class chaI'acteristics only should J not be minimized. In cases involving evidence with class character­ (3) Examinations and comparisons by highly trained experts. istics only, the following are desirable: (4) Expeditious service available. (A) A preponderance of such evidence. (5) Technical assistance in special situations, such as (B) A preponderance of class characteristics within a single kidnaping, hijacking cases and airline disasters. item of evidence, such as pain~ with many layers all matching or soil with foreign matter such as paint chips, (6) Latent print testimony. odd seeds, and safe insulation. t ' I (7) No restriction on prior examination of latent material by t (C) Elimination specimens, such as soil from where a suspect I other fingerprint technicians. claims he/she was or where he/she claims a car was; soil from the surrounding areas to show that a variation does exist; and paint or other materials from a source mentioned in an alibi. ~. \ 3 2 '" ~ .. ~~ -III'-·~ ij i " I ;!; I;~ [1 G. Examination of fingers of deceased persons for possible SERVICES OF THE FBI LABORATORY AND THE TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION* identification. {1 ,A. ,< Capabilities in a wide range of forensic sciences: "" H. Reference files in Lat~nt Fingerprint Section: I (1) Document. (I) Single F'ingerprint File. {2} Scientific analysis. (2) National Unidentified Latent File. Ii ( (3) *Radio-engineering, electronics. I. Advanced Latent Fingerprint Schools. B. Examination by highly trained scientists. J. Disaster Squad: . C. Full range of scientific equipment available. (I) Long experience in major disasters. D. Expeditious service, if needed. (2) Quick, positive identification. E. Competent expert testimony. K. Supplies of literature on identification matters. ) F. Technical assistance in special situ~tions, such as kidnaping t cases, airline disasters, and photographic problems~ q. I Standard reference files and collections: ( l) Type~.']r iter standards. i (2) Automotive paint. ( 3 ) F irearrn,$ • , (4) Hairs and fibers. (5) Blood sera. (6) Safe insulation. (7) Shoe print. (8) Tire tread. (9) Watermark standcu:ds. (10) Safety paper standards. (11) Checkwriter standard$. (12) Office copier standar.ds. (13) National Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title File. , ... 4 5 r .. =-\>..,..-- ----.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estimation and Correction of the Distortion in Forensic Image Due to Rotation of the Photo Camera
    Master Thesis Electrical Engineering February 2018 Master Thesis Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Signal Processing February 2018 Estimation and Correction of the Distortion in Forensic Image due to Rotation of the Photo Camera Sathwika Bavikadi Venkata Bharath Botta Department of Applied Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Department of Applied Signal Processing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Signal Processing. Contact Information: Author(s): Sathwika Bavikadi E-mail: [email protected] Venkata Bharath Botta E-mail: [email protected] Supervisor: Irina Gertsovich University Examiner: Dr. Sven Johansson Department of Applied Signal Processing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Images, unlike text, represent an effective and natural communica- tion media for humans, due to their immediacy and the easy way to understand the image content. Shape recognition and pattern recog- nition are one of the most important tasks in the image processing. Crime scene photographs should always be in focus and there should be always be a ruler be present, this will allow the investigators the ability to resize the image to accurately reconstruct the scene. There- fore, the camera must be on a grounded platform such as tripod. Due to the rotation of the camera around the camera center there exist the distortion in the image which must be minimized.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking
    Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking ROD GEHL AND DARRYL PLECAS JUSTICE INSTITUTE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA NEW WESTMINSTER, BC Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking by Rod Gehl is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking by Rod Gehl and Darryl Plecas is, unless otherwise noted, released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) license. This means you are free to copy, retain (keep), reuse, redistribute, remix, and revise (adapt or modify) this textbook but not for commercial purposes. Under this license, anyone who revises this textbook (in whole or in part), remixes portions of this textbook with other material, or redistributes a portion of this textbook, may do so without gaining the author’s permission providing they properly attribute the textbook or portions of the textbook to the author as follows: Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking by Rod Gehl and Darryl Plecas is used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license. Additionally, if you redistribute this textbook (in whole or in part) you must retain the below statement, Download this book for free at https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/criminalinvestigation/ as follows: 1. digital format: on every electronic page 2. print format: on at least one page near the front of the book To cite this textbook using APA, for example, follow this format: Gehl, Rod & Plecas, Darryl. (2016). Introduction to Criminal Investigation: Processes, Practices and Thinking.
    [Show full text]
  • Occum Inciment Et Fugia Nobitas Ditate Quam Neurolaw
    from SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2012 Volume 24, Issue 5 A publication of the American Society of Trial Consultants Foundation Occum inciment et fugia nobitas ditate quam Neurolaw: Trial Tips for Today and Game Changing Questions for the Future By Alison Bennett HE FUTURE OF LAW is standing on the courthouse steps. cannot predict the point in time at which the intersection of Neurolaw – the combination of neuroscience research technology and law will merge to create credible courtroom Tand the law – is worthy of attention for a number of evidence, we can look to neurolaw research today for research reasons. Neuroscientists are conducting ground-breaking findings that confirm current trial practice techniques and research with a machine called a functional MRI, or fMRI, offer new insights into jury decision making and the art of which is similar to traditional MRI technology but focuses on persuasion. brain activity, not just structure. Some would argue the use of neuroscientific evidence based on fMRI research is a premature Current Criminal Trial Applications adoption of a novel technology, but neurolaw evidence is already In the United States, neuroscientific evidence has been influencing jury trials in the United States and abroad. Billions admitted in over one hundred criminal trials now, has been of dollars are being pored into interdisciplinary neuroscience cited in at least one U. S. Supreme Court case, and is being research each year in the United States and abroad. While we admitted as evidence in other countries as well. In many cases, September/October 2012 - Volume 24, Issue 5 thejuryexpert.com 1 neuroscientific evidence was offered to mitigate sentencing “John grasped the object” and “Pablo kicked the ball.” by presenting neuroimaging highlighting brain damage that The scans revealed activity in the motor cortex, which could have diminished the perpetrator’s capacity and ability coordinates the body’s movements, indicating imagining to make rational decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Forensics in Support of Investigations
    IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 2-G (Rev.1) Implementing Guide Nuclear Forensics in Support of Investigations This publication is a revision of IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 2, Nuclear Forensics Support, which was published in 2006 and has been widely adopted by States to develop a nuclear forensic capability. This publication provides up to date information on investigating nuclear security events, the legal basis for nuclear forensics, nuclear forensics within a national response plan, the initiation of an examination, the availability of a nuclear forensics laboratory using existing national capabilities, and forensic analysis of nuclear and other radioactive material and of evidence contaminated by radionuclides. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–102115–1 ISSN 1816–9317 @ RELATED PUBLICATIONS IAEA NUCLEAR SECURITY SERIES RADIOLOGICAL CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT Nuclear security issues relating to the prevention and detection of, and response IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 22-G to, criminal or intentional unauthorized acts involving, or directed at, nuclear material, STI/PUB/1672 (93 pp.; 2014) other radioactive material, associated facilities or associated activities are addressed in the ISBN 978–92–0–108714–0 Price: €48.00 IAEA Nuclear Security Series. These publications are consistent with, and complement, international nuclear security instruments, such as the Convention on the Physical Protection NUCLEAR SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS of Nuclear Material and its Amendment, the International Convention for the Suppression of ON NUCLEAR AND OTHER RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, United Nations Security Council resolutions 1373 and 1540, and the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. OUT OF REGULATORY CONTROL IAEA Nuclear Security Series No.
    [Show full text]
  • 1902. 5, Forensic Photography, Digital Cameras, and Digital Imaging Archive
    ORLANDO POLICE DEPARTMENT POLICY AND PROCEDURE 1902. 5, FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY, DIGITAL CAMERAS, AND DIGITAL IMAGING ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE: 9/14/2017 RESCINDS: 1902. 4 DISTRIBUTION: ALL EMPLOYEES REVIEW RESPONSIBILITY: INVESTIGATIVE SERVICES BUREAU COMMANDER ACCREDITATION STANDARDS: 14.03, 14.06, 14.07, 35.03 CHIEF OF POLICE: ORLANDO ROLÓN CONTENTS: 1. DEFINITIONS 2. USE OF DIGITAL CAMERA 3. PROCEDURES FOR CAPTURED IMAGES 4. DIGITAL IMAGING ARCHIVE 5. CARE AND STORAGE 6. TRAINING 7. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR POLICY: This directive is intended to provide information about the Forensic Imaging Lab and the duties and services of the Forensic Photographer. It also provides direction regarding the use of issued digital cameras, the handling of digital media, and digital archiving. With the ongoing development of technology and the availability of personally-owned recording devices, smart phones, tablets, etc., all employees shall acknowledge that this policy shall apply to the capture, handling and archiving of all digital evidence, even if such evidence is collected on an employee’s personal device. This may include, but is not limited to, incidents where certain evidence may be irretrievably altered or lost prior to the arrival of a supervisor, corporal or CSI. This may also include circumstances where fire department officials, public works personnel and/or any wrecker service have responded and the nature of their lawful duties directly creates a danger for certain evidence remaining intact. Further examples would include situations where rapidly-changing weather conditions jeopardize the position or structure of the evidence being documented. PROCEDURES: 1. DEFINITIONS 1.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY Forensic Photography is the provision of general and forensic photographic services, including photography of evidence, for use in investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • Supreme Court of the United States
    no reactions indicative of deception. Htr. 44. Smith also testified that he was aware Davenport suffered a stroke sometime prior to 2006, did not have any record associated with the polygraph, and was now unavailable to answer questions about his conduct of the exam. Htr. 184-85. Smith also obtained two affidavits from Britt; one was executed on October 26,2005, the other in November 2005. Htr. 44-52; DX 5058; DX 5059. The October affidavit stated, in at least one paragraph, that Britt transported Stoeckley from Charleston to Raleigh; the November affidavit states that he transported her from Greenville to Raleigh. DX 5058 f 15; DX 5059 ^ 15; see also Htr. 40 (“Sometimes he said Charleston. Sometimes he said Greenville.”). The October affidavit also mentions what Britt felt was unethical behavior - Judge Dupree accepting cakes made by jurors - during the MacDonald trial. DX 5058 U 28. In February 2006, Britt executed an addendum to his affidavit, which included more detail than his previous affidavits. Htr. 199; GX 2089.34 Specifically, Britt stated that he and Holden transported Stoeckley to the courthouse on August 15,1979, for her interviews with the parties. GX 2089. He also stated that the defense interview of Stoeckley concluded around noon, and he then escorted her to the U.S. Attorney’s office. Britt again asserted that he was present during Stoeckley’s interview with the Government, and quoted Blackburn as telling her: “If you go downstairs and testify that you were at Dr. Jeffrey MacDonald’s house on the night of the murders, I will indict you as an accessory to murder.” Id.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes with Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2018 Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes With Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios Kevin Gidusko University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Gidusko, Kevin, "Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes With Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6026. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6026 TESTING THE CAPABILITY OF CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO DOCUMENT OUTDOOR FORENSIC SCENES WITH SKELETAL REMAINS USING MOCK SCENARIOS by KEVIN A. GIDUSKO BA Anthropology University of Central Florida, 2011 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2018 Major Professor: John J. Schultz © 2018 Kevin A. Gidusko ii ABSTRACT More rigorous methodological protocols are needed to document outdoor forensic scenes containing skeletal remains. However, law enforcement protocols rarely provide specific guidelines for processing these scenes. Regardless, the need to preserve contextual information at crime scenes is of paramount importance and it is worth exploring new technological applications that will allow for better documentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurolaw Or Frankenlaw? the Thought Police Have Arrived Brain
    Volume 16, Issue 1 Summer 2011 Neurolaw or Frankenlaw? Brain-Friendly The Thought Police Have Arrived Case Stories By Larry Dossey, MD Part Two Reprinted with the author’s permission “This technology . opens up for the first time the possibility of punishing By Eric Oliver people for their thoughts rather than their actions.” —Henry T. Greely, bioethicist, Stanford Law School Without the aid of trained emotions the intellect is powerless against the animal organism.” Wonder Woman, the fabulous comic book heroine, wields a formidable - C. S. Lewis weapon called the Lasso of Truth. This magical lariat makes it impossible for anyone caught in it to lie. FIRST THINGS FIRST American psychologist William Moulton Marston created Wonder After the August, 1974 resig- Woman in 1941. He hit a nerve; Wonder Woman has been the most popular nation of Richard Nixon, an apoc- Continued on pg. 32 ryphal story began making the media rounds. It seems one of the major outlets had run a simple poll, asking respondents who they had voted for in the previous presi- dential race: McGovern or Nixon. have a most productive and practical contribution According to the results, Nixon had to share with you from my friend and consulting lost to “President” McGovern by a colleague, Amy Pardieck, from Perceptual Litigation. No stranger to these pages, Katherine James, landslide! Whether it is true or not, of ACT of Communication, makes the case that ac- the story rings of verisimilitude. Hi All – tors and directors have known for decades what tri- What the pollsters didn’t measure, Welcome to the second issue of the new al attorneys interested in bridging the gap between and which would have been much Mental Edge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System, Final Report
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System, Final Report Author: Tom McEwen, Ph.D. Document No.: 236474 Date Received: November 2011 Award Number: 2006-DN-BX-0095 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. 1219 Prince Street, Suite 2 Alexandria, Virginia Phone: 703-684-5300 The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System Final Report December 13, 2010 Prepared by Tom McEwen, PhD Prepared for National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Forensic Photography
    Forensic Photography ABOUT THE PROGRAM The Forensic Photography PAY College Certificate program is The median hourly wage of designed to provide students with photographers was $14.00 in May the technical skills necessary to 2010. Forensic photography may photographically preserve crime have a higher salary depending scenes and items of evidence, on experience and training. from both technical and legal standpoints. The Forensic JOB OUTLOOK Photography program provides Employment of photographers is students with the necessary projected to grow by 13 percent skills needed in the principles from 2010 to 2020, about as fast of composition, focus, exposure, as the average for all occupations. color theory, and lighting. Salaried jobs in particular may The program enables students be more difficult to find as to work in front of the camera, companies and agencies may photography studios, and hire freelancers rather than computer based processing labs. hire their own photographers. The program addresses the need Competition for jobs will be for an alternative career track for strong because of substantial students that work in crime scene interest in forensic science. investigation, criminal justice, homeland security, fire safety, as well as other evidence gathering related occupations. There is a Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department demand for individuals that have the skills and talents as a photographer of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, or a computer-based digital imaging specialist. 2012-13 Edition, Forensic Science Technicians, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social- WHAT DO FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHERS DO? science/forensic-science-technicians.htm and http://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and- Forensic photography, sometimes referred to as forensic imaging or crime communication/photographers.htm scene photography, is the art of producing an accurate reproduction of a crime scene or an accident scene using photography for the benefit of a court or to aid in an investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Paper FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY: a REVIEW
    Received : 13‑01‑15 Review completed : 19‑02‑15 Review Paper Accepted : 11‑03‑15 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY: A REVIEW Vinod Sargaiyan, * Deepti Bharddwaj, ** Pooja Singh, *** Rahul Sharma, † Sana Noor Siddiqui, †† Sateesh Bhatele ††† * Senior Lecture, Department of Oral Pathology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & RC, Gwalior, India ** Senior Lecture, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & RC, Gwalior, India *** Senior Lecture, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & RC, Gwalior, India † Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & RC, Gwalior, India †† Senior Lecture, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Rc, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India ††† Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SGT Dental College and Hospital & RC, Gurgaon, Haryana, India _________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT UV, normal, and IR light source photography for Forensic photography is the art of producing the documentation of the examination, latent an accurate reproduction of the scene of a fingerprinting processing, detection of semen and crime or an accident to aid in investigation and bloodstains, trace wound pattern detection, teeth presentation of evidence during the legal restorations, and bite mark documentation has [1] process.It provides investigators with photos opened a new frontier for forensic science. of victims, places and items involved in a crime Need for the Forensic Photography or accident. Forensic photography often The need to photographically record injury represents the best method to collect and patterns as they appear on skin is paramount to preserve evidence in forensic odontology cases the odontologist and pathologist.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime Scene Investigation
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Crime Scene Investigation A Guide for Law Enforcement research report U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Daniel Marcus Acting Associate Attorney General Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General Noël Brennan Deputy Assistant Attorney General Jeremy Travis Director, National Institute of Justice Department of Justice Response Center 800–421–6770 Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij Cover photograph of man on the ground by Corbis Images. Other cover photographs copyright © 1999 PhotoDisc, Inc. Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement Written and Approved by the Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation January 2000 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Jeremy Travis, J.D. Director Richard M. Rau, Ph.D. Project Monitor Opinions or points of view expressed in this document are a consensus of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 178280 The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Jus- tice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Message From the Attorney General ctions taken at the outset of an investigation at a crime scene can Aplay a pivotal role in the resolution of a case.
    [Show full text]