Associative Meanings Used in the Song Lyrics of World of Our Own Album: Semantic Analysis

Home , Bop Bop, Bop Bop Baby, In the Arms of an Angel, I Walk Away, Keep On, Perfect Girl

ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS USED IN THE SONG LYRICS OF WORLD OF OUR OWN ALBUM: SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

A THESIS

MELVA SANTI TARIGAN 167052005

ENGLISH POSTGRADUTE STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS USED IN THE SONG LYRICS OF WORLD OF OUR OWN ALBUM: SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

A THESIS

Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts (M. A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara

By:

MELVA SANTI TARIGAN 167052005

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This research entitles The Associative Meanings in Westlife’s Song Lyrics: Semantic Analysis. The objective of the research is to find out the types of associative meanings, to describe the associative meanings used in the song lyrics of the World of our own album, to find out the reasons of for the use the associative meaning as it is. The data of the research were the phrases and words in the song lyrics of Westlife’s World of Our Own album. The method used in this research was the descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in the research was the theory of associative meaning by Leech in Semantics study of meaning. The types of associative meaning found in the data were Reflective Meaning (RM) with 72 lines (36%), Affective Meaning (AM) with 49 lines(25%), Collocative Meaning (CLM) with 31 lines (16%), Social Meaning (SM) with 24 (12%), Connotative Meaning (CM) with 21 lines (11%). The reason of using the reflective meaning was because it had relationship with the individual experience and the real word terms. For social meaning, it was because it showed social circumstance, especially related to the family and experience in apologies for mother. Then, the using of affective meaning was to express the personal feelings or attitudes of the singer to the listener through those songs. Furthermore, the using of reflected meaning was because it gave the new meaning based on the context. The last, the use of collocative meaning was because it was communicated through association with word tends to occur in the environment and it had different sense when it was combined with another noun. The finding showed that the associative meanings used in the album are Reflective Meaning, Affective Meaning, Collocative Meaning, Social Meaning, and Connotative Meaning. Reflective Meaning was the highest rank of associative meaning compared to other types. Meanwhile, Connotative Meaning was the least one.

Keywords: associative meaning, semantic meaning, westlife’s song lyrics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini berjudul The Associative Meanings in Westlife’s Song Lyrics: Semantic Analysis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis makna asosiatif, untuk menggambarkan makna asosiatif yang digunakan dalam lirik lagu dari album World of Our Own, untuk mengetahui alasan penggunaan makna asosiatif. Data dari penelitian ini adalah frasa dan kata-kata dalam lirik lagu dari Westlife di album World of Our Own. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori makna asosiatif oleh Leech dalam studi makna semantik. Jenis makna asosiatif yang ditemukan di dalam data penelitian ini adalah Reflective Meaning (RM) dengan 72 baris (36%), Affective Meaning (AM) dengan 49 baris (25%), Collocative Meaning (CLM) dengan 31 baris (16%), Social Meaning (SM) dengan 24 baris (12%), Connotative Meaning (CM) dengan 21 baris (11%). Alasan menggunakan Reflective Meaning adalah karena memiliki hubungan dengan pengalaman individu dan istilah dunia nyata. Untuk Social Meaning, itu karena menunjukkan keadaan social, terutama terkait dengan keluarga dan pengalaman dalam permintaan maaf untuk ibu. Kemudian, penggunaan Affective Meaning adalah untuk mengekspresikan perasaan atau sikap pribadi penyayni kepada pendengar melalui lagu-lagu itu. Lebih jauh, penggunaan makna yang direfleksikan adalah karena memberikan makna baru berdasarkan konteks. Terakhir, penggunaan makna kolokatif karena dikomunikasikan melalui asosiasi dengan kata cendrung terjadi di lingkungan dan memiliki arti yang berbeda ketika dikombinasikan dengan kata benda yang lain. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa makna asosiatif yang digunakan dalam album adalah Reflecyive Meaning, Affective Meaning, Collocative Meaning, Social meaning dan Connotative Meaning. Reflective Meaning adalah peringkat tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tipe lainnya. Sementara itu, Conotative Meaning adalah yang paling sedikit.

Kata kunci : arti asosiatif, arti semantik, lirik lagu, westlife.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praised and thank God the Name of Jesus Christ, who has given the writer His love and compassion to finish the last assignment in his study. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help and contribution to all of lecturers, family, and friends who have contributed in different ways hence this thesis is processed until it becomes a complete writing which will be presented to the Postgraduate

Program of English in the University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in English.

In doing this thesis, it is impossible to finish it without any contributions helps suggestions, comments and motivations from many people. In this valuable chance, she would like to give the sincerest gratitude and great appreciation to:

1. The Rector of University of Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.

Hum.

2. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Budi

Agustono, M.S.

3. The Head of Department of English Postgraduate Program Dr. Ridwan

Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., and The Secretary of Department of English, Dr. Drs.

Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans, M. Hum.

4. Her supervisors, Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., and Dr. Muhizar Muchtar

M.S who have patiently guided the researcher and provided input the suggestion

in completing her thesis.

5. Her reviewers, Prof. Dr. Sahron Lubis, M.A., Dr. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans, M.

Hum., Dr. Masdiana Lubis M. Hum. who have provided valuable knowledge in

supporting her thesis, as well as all lectures who have shared their knowledge

while studying and advice in English Postgraduate Program.

iii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 7. The staff of English Postgraduate Program for her contributions in

accomplishing the administration Mam Adry Wiyanny Ridwan, S.S.

8. Her Father Drs. John Kalep Tarigan (+), and her Mother Dra. Erniati Bangun

who always pray, give motivation and support, giving full love, patience,

encouragement, and also advice to the writer to pursue a higher level degree of

education and contribute for human beings. Her old Sisters Eka Tabita Tarigan,

S.T. and brother in law Pdt. Vicardo Ananda Ginting, S.Th., her brother Pdt.

Yohannes Ngantara Tarigan, S.Th. and sister in law Dwi Duma Sembiring, also

especially her son Levin Adriel as my best child friend.

10. My Classmates in University of Sumatera Utara Zahra, M.A. Afrida, M.A.

Gunawan, M.A. Shena, M.A. Lilis, M.A. Deby, M.A. Shilvi, M.A. Rindy, M.A

for their care, shared knowledge, shared story moments and ideas during study.

Medan, 16th January 2020 The writer,

Melva Santi Tarigan 167052005

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CURICULUM VITAE

Personal Data Name : Melva Santi Tarigan Place, Date of Birth : Gebang, 22nd October 1988 Gender : Female Religion : Christian Nationality : Indonesia Address : Jl. Pasiran No. 165 Gebang Langkat, 20856 Phone Number : 085294601156 Email : [email protected]

Academic Background 1. 1994 – 2000 SD Negeri Tegal Rejo

2. 2000 – 2003 SMP Samanhudi Tanjung Pura

3. 2003 – 2006 SMA Negeri 1 Gebang

4. 2006 – 2012 University of Prima Indonesia (UNPRI)

5. 2016 – 2019 University of Sumatera Utara (USU)

Working Experience 2013 – 2014 SD Santo Michael School Simpang Kantor (Teacher)

2015 – 2017 Privat Teacher

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i ABSTRAK ...... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... iii CURRICULUM VITAE ...... v TABLE OF CONTENT ...... vi LIST OF TABLE ...... viii LIST OF CHART ...... ix LIST OF FIGURE ...... x LIST OF ABBREVIATION ...... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background of the Research ...... 1 1.2 Problems of the Research ...... 7 1.3 Objectives of Research...... 7 1.4 Scope of Research ...... 8 1.5 Significance of Research ...... 8 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 10 2.1 Semantics ...... 10 2.2 Meaning ...... 11 2.3 Types of Associative Meaning ...... 13 2.3.1 Connotative Meaning ...... 16 2.3.2 Social Meaning ...... 18 2.3.3 Affective Meaning ...... 19 2.3.4 Reflected Meaning ...... 20 2.3.5 Collocative Meaning ...... 21 2.4 Lyric ...... 22 2.5 Song Lyrics ...... 23 2.6 Westlife ...... 24 2.7 Related Studies ...... 26 2.8 Conceptual Framework ...... 29 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 30 3.1 Research Design ...... 30 3.2 Source of Data and Data ...... 31 3.2.1 Data ...... 31 3.2.2 Source of Data ...... 31

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ...... 32 3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ...... 33 CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ...... 36 4.1 Data Analysis ...... 36 4.1.1 Types of Meaning Used the Song Lyrics of World of Our Own Album . 37 4.1.2 Description of Associative Meaning Used in the Song Lyrics of the World of Our Own Album ...... 40 4.1.2.1 Connotative Meaning (CM) ...... 40 4.1.2.2 Social Meaning (SM) ...... 41 4.1.2.3 Affective Meaning (AM) ...... 43 4.1.2.4 Reflected Meaning (RM) ...... 47 4.1.2.5 Collocative Meaning (CLM) ...... 48 4.1.3. The Reasons of Using the Associative Meaning in the Song Lyrics of the World of Our Own Album ...... 50 4.2 Finding ...... 52 4.3 Discussion ...... 55 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 58 5.1 Conclusions ...... 58 5.2 Suggestions ...... 59 REFERENCES ...... 61 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.3 Associative Meaning based on Leech’s Theory (1981:23) ...... 13 Table 4.1.1 Associative in the World of Our Own album ...... 37

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF CHART

Chart 4.1.1 The types of Associative Meaning in the World of Our Own Album 39

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework...... 29 Figure 3.1 The data sources of the study are Songs Lyricsin the Westlife’s album ...... 32

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF ABBREVIATION

CM = Connotative Meaning

SM = Social Meaning

AM = Affective Meaning

RM = Reflected Meaning

CLM = Collocative Meaning

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.3 Associative Meaning based on Leech’s Theory (1981:23) ...... 13 Table 4.1.1 Associative in the World of Our Own album ...... 37

xii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research

Language is the principal means of the human being to communicate with each other. It is used to express our reaction to a certain situation, and to reveal our thoughts, ideas, emotions, and feelings. It may represent explicit and implicit feelings and thoughts. Bloomfield (1933:3) state, that the study of language plays a great part in our life. Language is an important thing which is very close to human life since language is used by human to communicate in their daily activity.

Language used to communicate with other people in the society’s daily life, whether spoken or written, to convey message, information or to show their social relationship to each other. Language could either be in the written or spoken form. In a literary way, people can express their feelings in forms of writing a literary work such as prose fiction, drama, poetry, and non-fiction prose. Prose fiction or narrative fiction includes myths, novels or romances, parables, and short stories than song lyrics are similar to poetry. Leech (1997: 22) states meaning is divided into different elements, they are conceptual meaning, thematic meaning, and associative meaning. Associative meaning is also like figures of speech. It is the meaning of words that have a connection to the relationship of word with the condition beyond the language.

Leech (2003:29) states that meaning is an idea or concept that can be transferred from the mind of the speaker in the mind of the hearer by embodying them in the form of one language or another. Meaning must be completed with the context by the time and space in which an expression is applied because similar expression may have a different meaning if it is used in different conditions or

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA contexts. The writer chose Geoffrey Leech’s theory to understand meaning generally; it is classified in to seven types of meaning in which five of them are identified as associative meaning. Leech (2003:29) states that associative meaning is the unstable meaning and has variants of individual experience (based on culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual). It means associative meaning is the related meaning of the experience of a person, in which experience one of them can be felt in the surrounding environment. For instance, the word “black” is associated with the meaning of darkness and sadness; the word

“jasmine” is associated with the meaning of the holy.

Associative meaning is divided into five types meaning: Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning. Leech (1974: 18) states that, associative meaning is a type of meaning that analyzes the words, phrases, and sentences in the written or spoken language.

Associative meaning can be defined as unstable meaning and has variants of individual experience. The associative meaning of an expression has to do with the individual mental understanding of the speaker. In addition, it is the meaning of words that have a connection or the relationship of the word with the condition beyond the language. The reason makes the writer interested in analyzing the meaning that is focus on associative meaning because in the song lyrics give different meaning.

Based on the background and statements above, the researcher is interested to analyze the associative meaning in the lyrics of the song especially in the lyrics of Westlife’s song using semantic theory. The reason why the writer chooses the song lyrics by Westlife as the object of the study is that in addition to this album contains many meaningful words that make the listener curious to know the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA meaning of the words. According to Griffee (1995:3), songs have elements in common with speech and poetry, but they are a unique form. Both songs and speech are vocally produced, are linguistically meaningful and have a melody.

Both songs and poetry use words to convey meaning, both are usually written down before publication, both can be put to music and both be listened.

The song consists of the stanzas that are sung by people. Poetry has the stanzas; it has the same element with the song which also has stanzas that are called lyrics. The song is a soul expression through the art of music. Nowadays, music and people are two things that are inseparable. Music is a part of people’s life. Listening to music is one of the pleasurable activities for people. In music, a song is a composition for voice performed by singing or alongside musical instruments. People listen to music every day and everywhere because it cans certainly people. In music, a song is a composition for voice performed by singing or alongside musical instruments. The composer always tries making beautiful and meaningful lyrics and making its listeners more interested to hear. Through a song, a message in the lyric can be more attractive to be accepted by its listener so that the message of the composer such as feeling anger, happiness, hate, love, depression, and all the things that lead to emotional intimacy can be conveyed.

The composer uses associative meaning to make beautiful lyrics. The associative meaning of expression has to do with the individual mental understanding of the speaker. Besides, it is the meaning of words that have a connection or the relationship of the word with the condition beyond the language.

Many associative meanings can be found in song lyrics. Sometimes it is not easy for the reader or hearer to understand the real meaning of sentences or utterances which contain associative meaning since they will be vary based on personal

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA perception because the lyrics are full of Associative Meaning in the words, phrases, or sentences. Here are examples associative meanings in song lyrics of

Westlife album:

 The queen of my heart

Queen of my heart shows that the sentence uses “queen” was called connotative meaning since the word “queen” was defined as purely conceptual as the human, female, authority, strong and mature. Besides, the word “queen” had physical characteristics such as “having hair, head, two eyes, and wearing the crown, etc”.

 And you rescue me time after time

From the sentence above, the italic sentence “you rescue me time after time” was also called social meaning to show the blessing statement. The singer was so grateful that the presence of his lover in his life had treated the deep pain which previously made him suffer a long time.

 Let me be empty and weightless and maybe

Based on the sentence above, the two italic words “empty” and “weightless” were considered to affective meaning. These words showed the feeling or expression of the singer to the listener. Those describe the roomy expression because to be able to love a woman willingly not to love even to think of anyone other than the woman by giving her all the right heart.

 You are pulled from the wreckage of your silent reverie

Based on the sentence above, the italic word “wreckage” was called reflected meaning because it had not the meaning of something shattered so that it became

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA rubble which was no longer useful, but it represents to describe feeling down due to disappointment.

 Why did I ever let you slip away?

The italic phrase “slip away” was called collocative meaning. It has a different meaning based on the context in which it is used. The italic phrase “slip away” can collocate with “getting around”. In this case, the “slip away” relates to going away such as trip, travel, journey, fare, etc. While slip away means moving from the relationship that has been fostered. So, the word slip away has a different sense in the case of association

 When I find my way back to your arms again

In the sentence above, the italic word “arm” was called reflected meaning because it was not limbs from wrist to shoulder. Instead, it was the hope of a singer to become an important part of the life of the lover.

 You always said I was a dreamer now it’s dead

In the sentence above, the italic word “dead” was called reflected meaning because it was not the absence of life in biological organisms due to natural causes such as illness or unnatural conditions such as accidents. Rather, the word means that the singer is not someone who can only dream to be something he wants to be anymore, but he now dares to take action rather than dreaming like before.

The researcher would analyze Westlife’s song lyrics as the data. The researcher takes seventeen songs as the research data with 395 lyrics; the album was launched in 2001. The researcher chooses song lyrics in this album as the data because they used associative meaning in their lyrics and many meaningful symbols make the listener curious to know the meaning of the lyrics . In this

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA research, there are a lot of significances that we can get from the meaning. This research related to the previous studies that discussed associative meaning in songs. They researched songs but every researcher was in different aspects. By using Leech’s theory of associative meaning hope will explain the types of associative meaning. In Journal Types and Functions of Associative Meaning in

The Opening Statements Used by the Host of Mata Najwa Talk show, Nelvia

(2019) This research find out the functions of associative meaning uses the theory conducted by Leech (1974) to find out the types of associative meaning, and the theory proposed by Searle (1979) to. The result shows that the types of associative meaning in this research are connotative meaning (25 data), stylistic meaning (1 data), affective meaning (5 data), reflected (21 data), and collocative meaning (0 data). This research also find out the functions of associative meaning; connotative meaning is used to assert the hearer about the speaker’s ideas; social meaning is used to show the expression of the speaker, expressed through the style of the use of words, affective meaning is used to express the feeling of the speaker; reflected meaning is used to present the new sense of word.

1.2 Problems of the Research

In this paper what the writer wants to explain and to analyze are about:

1. What types of associative meanings are used in the song lyrics of World of Our

Own album?

2. How are the associative meanings used in the song lyrics in World of Our Own

album?

3. Why are the associative meanings used in the song lyrics of the World of Our

Own Album as they are?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.3 Objectives of Research

In accordance with the problems of the study the objectives of the study are:

1. To find out the types of associative meanings used in the song lyrics of World

of Our Own album.

2. To describe the associative meanings used in the song lyrics of the World of

Our Own album.

3. To find out the reasons of for the use of associative meanings in the song lyrics

of the World of Our Own album as they are.

1.4 Scope of Research

Based on the background above the researcher focused on analyzing of lyrics of seventeen songs from World of Our Own album using the theory associative meaning by Leech in Semantics Study of meaning book. And describing the meaning of those meanings used in the phrases, clauses, and sentences. And also to find out the reason why associative meaning used in the song lyrics of the World of Our Own as they are.

The researcher analysis the album of Westlife’s album, the title is World of

Our Own (2001) queen of my heart, Bop bop baby, i cry, why do I love you, I wanna grow old with you, evergreen, world of our own, to be loved, drive, if your heart’s not in it, when you come around, don’t say it’s too late, don’t let me go, walk away, love crime, imaginary diva, angel.

1.5 Significance of Research

The findings of the study are expected to be relevant and significant theoretically and practically. The findings give a contribution to all readers for

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA those who are concerned with this field. Theoretically, this research gives a contribution to the readers or students especially students of the English

Department who are interested in Semantics studies. It is aimed to enrich the theory of associative meaning according to leech's theory of associative meaning.

Practically, it is aimed to know specific information about the Associative meaning found in World of Our Own album. And then it is analysis can help the readers or students that are interested in the Associative Meaning (connotative, social, affective, reflected and collocative meaning).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Semantics

Semantics is one of the branches from linguistics that dealing with the meaning of words and sentences. Semantics tries to understand what meaning is as an element of language and how it is constructed by language as well as interpreted, obscured and negotiated by speakers and listeners of language.

Hurford (2007: 1) states, that semantics is the study of meaning in language. The study of meaning includes the study of the meaning of words, sentences, and utterances, as well as sentences which are used in context. Study on the uniqueness of the choice of words employed in the language of song. Semantics is also at the center of the study of the human-mind thought process, cognition and conceptualization. Semantics is one major branch of linguistics that focuses on studying meaning in language. The aim of semantics is to explain and describe the meaning in natural language. Explicitly, in short simple way, it can be said that the purpose of semantics is to explain what underlies the use of the word means and related terms (sense, nonsense, signify, ambiguous, antonym, synonymy, etc.) in

English and other languages.

The human-mind thought process, cognition and conceptualization are bounded up complicatedly with the way in which the experience of the world is conveyed and classified through language. The points that can be extracted from description above are semantics is the study of meaning in the field of linguistics which is able to turn the meaning and relationship between words with the concepts or the meaning of the word, as well as objects or things that are referred

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA by the meaning of beyond language. Understanding others meaning in communication is very important to reach the aim of communication and also eliminate and minimize the misunderstanding will be raised. Thus, it is no doubt that studying and learning semantics is important for communication especially for those who are specialized in linguistics and language. Katz (1972:1), Semantics is linguistics that studies about meaning. It is concerns with what sentences and other linguistics object express, not arrangement with syntactic parts and pronunciations.

Palmer (1976: 1) states, Semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning. Meaning is regarded as one of the most ambiguous and controversial terms in the theory of language. The meaning of word is determined by the words arrangements in sentences or in other words. Based on the definitions above, it can be concluding that semantics is the study of meaning through language. In semantics we can see how people communicate meanings with pieces of language. The study of meaning can be used to communicate better in real life and to understand every word, literature, even in song.

2.2 Meaning

The term meaning is simply derived from the word mean. Meaning is regarded as the message that is intended or expressed or signified. Meaning is the message conveyed by words, sentences, and symbols in a context. In other word, it can be said that meaning is the intended aim. The term “meaning” according to

Leech (1976: 4) is “a systematic account of the nature of meaning” a single word may have a number of quite different senses. The term “hand” may occur in several kinds of contexts in which it contributes quite diverse meaning, for examples:

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. He raised his hand

2. We give him a hand

It can be explained that is the sentence (1), the word “hand” refers to the person who wants to say hello or say good bye to some person. In example (2), the word

“hand” refers to the persons who want to help him or give attention. A single word may have a number of quite different senses. The term hand may occur in several kinds of context in which it contributes quite diverse meanings.

Semantics meaning depends on the grammatical structure of the sentence.

The meaning that the speakers say have to express their ideas, minds and feelings.

Leech (1981:22) says that the importance of meaning in communication is become the media between the speaker and the hearer to understand each other. We can investigate easily the difference between how to deliver the meaning and how to make the hearer understand the intention.

Palmer (1991:7) states that meaning has a wide scope to be defined; it is rarely causing a variation in interpreting a meaning. The definition of it also being diverse because meaning do not seem to be stable but depend upon speakers, hearer and the context. The meaning of a word is defined in part by its relations with other words in the language. Meaning must be something that in the mind rather the word and it must be abstract than pictures and more than just features.

2.3 Types of Associative Meaning

Leech (1974: 18) states, associative meaning can be defined as unstable meaning and has variants of individual experience. They are connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Associative meaning is a type of meaning that analyzes the words, phrases, and sentences in the written or spoken language. The associative meaning of an expression has to do with the individual mental understanding of the speaker. In addition, it is the meaning of words that have a connection or the relationship of the word with the condition beyond the language.

Table 2.3 Associative Meaning based on Leech’s Theory (1981:23) Connotative What is communicated by  Connotative meaning is the Meaning virtue of what language refers to. communicative value an

expression has by virtue of what

it refers to, over and above its Associative Meaning purely conceptual content.

 Connotative meaning is prepared

compared with conceptual

meaning is that connotations are

relatively unstable: that is, they

vary considerably, as we have

seen," according to "culture,

historical period, and the

experience of the individual.

 Connotative meaning is

indeterminate and open-ended in

a sense in which conceptual

meaning is not. Connotative

meaning is open-ended in the

same way as our Knowledge and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA beliefs about the universe are

open ended: any characteristic of

the referent, identified

subjectively of objectively, may

contribute to the connotative

meaning of the expression which

denotes it.

Social What is communicated of  It refers to the usage of language Meaning the social circumstances of language use. in and by society which has big proportions in determining the

meaning that certain speaker has

to use and wants to convey, those

factors include social class of the

speaker and hearer and the

degree of formality.

Affective What is communicated of  It refers to the speaker’s feeling / meaning the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. attitude towards the content or the

on going context.

 Only a small step to the

consideration of how language

reflects the personal feelings of

the speaker, including his altitude

to the listener, or his attitude to

something he is talking about.

Reflected What is communicated  Reflected meaning is the meaning

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA meaning through association with which arises in cases of multiple another sense of the same expression. conceptual meaning, when one sense of a word forms part of our

response to another sense.

 It is the product of people

recognition and imagination.

Collocative What is communicated  Collocative meaning consists of meaning through association with words which tend to occur the associations a word acquires in the environment of on account of the meanings of another word. words which tend to occur in its

environment.

2.3.1 Connotative Meaning

Connotative Meaning (what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to) It refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotation for the word snake can include evil and danger. Finch (1998:142) stated that connotative meaning is consistently exploited by writers who wish to engage our emotions, stimulate our imagination, or enlist our prejudice. It causes that behind the word of connotative which hints attribute in the real world have something valuable. Leech (1974: 14) stated connotative meaning refers to what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. It is something more than the dictionary meaning which embraces putative properties of reference

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA due to the viewpoint of personal, social, or communities. Further, Leech state

(1974:15) that talking about connotative, actually talking about the real world which associates the expression when someone used or heard it in their speech.

This meaning is relatively unstable from age to age, society to society, and personal experience. It is more open-ended, and indeterminate rather than conceptual meaning. In any ways, it describes something that goes beyond mere referent of a word and hints at its attributes in the real world. The real-world value is perceived in terms of tacit socio-cultural principles, norms, and rules. These terms are only the same in the conceptual meaning but have difference in those senses. At least, the meaning will be recognized when appropriate with the time to time and condition of people that reflects to the real world. For examples: the word

“woman” conceptually it is human, female, and adult.

Example:

Queen of my heart

It shows that the sentence uses Connotative Meaning, it means that data text queen in the phrase is a literal meaning, give an expressions meaning. Queen in denotative meaning is a wife of a king, based on the phrase above, the italic word

“queen” was called connotative meaning since the word “queen” was defined purely conceptual as human, female, authority, strong and mature. Besides, the word “queen” had physical characteristics such as “having hair, head, two eyes, and wearing crown, etc.” Furthermore, the word “queen” also had psychological and social characteristics like “beautiful and strong woman, and holding the power.

Then, this queen wiould be the supreme ruler for all those who love her”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Connotative meaning may change from time to time, from one society to another society because it is unstable and depends on culture, historical period, and personal experiences. Connotative meaning is indeterminate and open-ended in the same way as people knowledge and beliefs about the universe. Leech (1981:13) comments that latest semanticist believed that the same basic conceptual framework is common to all languages, and that is universal property of the human mind.

2.3.2 Social Meaning

Social meaning is the meaning conveyed by the pieces of language about the social context of its use. The decoding of a text is dependent on our knowledge of stylistics another variations of language. We recognize some words or pronunciations as being dialectically. As telling us something about the regional or social origin of the speaker. Social meanings related to the situation in which an utterance is used. It is concerned with the social circumstances of the use of a linguistic expression. For example, some dialectic words inform us about the regional and social background of the speaker. In the same way, some usages let us know something of the social relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The examples of Social meaning, which are included as the relatively permanent features of style are style of individuality, for example the language of Mr. X, of

Mrs. Y, of Miss Z, or the style of the other individualities. Through utterances we come to know about the social facts, social situation, class, region, and speaker- listener relations by its style and dialect used in sentences.

Example:

I'd rather walk away if your heart's not in it

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From the sentence above, the italic phrase “walk away” was called social meaning to show the condolance statement. The lover who never gave him a second chance made him feel down and helpless. Then, because of the impossible situation to be together again, he decided to go far from his woman to be able to survive rather than having to be close to his lover who did not care anymore.

2.3.3 Affective meaning

Affective meaning is related to speaker’s point of view about something being talked. Function of affective meaning in language is to express personal feelings or attitudes to the listener. Leech (1981:18) stated that it is kind of language which reflects the personal feelings of the speaker includes his attitude towards something he is talking about. It expresses the speaker's emotion or feeling about something that is happened according to the situation because associative meaning relates to the emotive devices.

In affective meaning factors such as intonation and tone of voice are important things. The impression of politeness in sentence a) Can be reserved by a tone of biting sarcasm; sentence b) Can be turned into a playful remark between intimates if it is delivered with the intonation of a mild request. Meanwhile on the other side, there are elements of language (chiefly interjections, such as Aha! And Yippee!) This functions as emotive expression. These interjections are used to communicate feeling and attitudes without the mediation of any other kinds of semantic function.

Example:

Let me be empty and weightless and maybe

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on the sentence above, the two italic words “empty” and

“weightless” were considered to affective meaning. These words showed the feeling or expression of the singer to the listener. Those describe the roomy expression because to be able to love a woman willingly not to love even to think of anyone other than the woman by giving her all the right heart.

2.3.4 Reflected Meaning

Leech (1981:16) conveys that reflected meaning is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression or the meaning which arises in case of multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of word forms part of our response to another sense. It means that one sense of a particular word affects the understanding and usage of all other senses of world. This is usually caused when familiarity with one sense of a word affects the interpretation of another sense.

Reflected meaning is commonly found in poetry because it invites heightened sensitivity to language in all respects.

Example:

You are pulled from the wreckage of your silent reverie

Based on the sentence above, the italic word “wreckage” was called reflected meaning because it tells about the feeling of the composer, that his feeling are broken and it had not the meaning of something shattered so that it became rubble which was no longer useful, but it represents to describe feeling down due to disappointment.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3.5 Collocative Meaning

Finch (1998: 143) adds the meaning of collocative from the verb

“collocate” which means “to go with,” and one of the ways by which we know the meaning of a word. For instance, the words “clear” in clear conscience, clear sky, and clear case. Clear conscience means without guilds, clear sky means free from clouds, clear case means unmistakable. So those, the meaning of collocative words have different meaning based on the linguistic context in which it is used. Leech

(1974:20) Collocative meaning communicated through association with word tends to occur in the environment of another word. It refers to associate of award since its usual habitual co-occurrence with certain types of words. Then, collocative meaning is not only caused by co-occurrence events but also by stylistic and conceptual differences. Simply, it has an idiosyncratic property of certain words.

For example: the word “pretty” and “handsome” “pretty” tends to collocate with “girl, woman, villages, garden, and flower.” “Handsome” tends to collocate with “boys, man, car, and overcoat. “The words “handsome woman” and “pretty woman” might happen in linguistics since both have the same meaning but still be considered that both have different attractive performance because of association to collocation. Another example is the words “tremble” and “quiver.” Those words are in the same meaning but indifferent concept that is “tremble” when someone is in frightening; “quiver” when someone is in chilled.

Example:

Cause you're the one good reason

Here, “good reason” means the best and right choice as a life partner who will accompany the singer everyday. As we know that “good” was used to refer the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA quality, but usually “good” was used with another adjective to express an emotion as in sentence above. So, the phrase “good reason” is more suitable for this context. So that, the phrase “little child” belongs to collocative meaning because it refers to associate of a word because its usual with certain types of words.

2.4 Lyric

Lyric is as important part in song, because lyric can make song beautiful with the associative meaning. According to the sentence about lyric is poetry, it means it contains personal feeling expression. But now days, the word is not only to express the feeling but also, point histories, parallels, maxims, beliefs, critics, etc. According to Stanford (2003:66), lyric are written in many forms, including the following:

 English (Shakespearean) sonnet

 Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet

 Open form

A lyric is a fairly short poem which is the expression of strong feeling of thoughts or perceptions of a single speaker in meditative manner. The lyric was originally in Greek poetry, the kind of poem which was to be set to the lyre, hence the word lyric. But even today the word still retains the sense that lyric poems are musical. Lyric is an important part of song, because lyric can make a song beautiful. In fact of word is also used in music to denote “lines of a song”. The term “lyric” includes any types of poems with the very general qualities of being personal and emotional and expression, being meditative, and being musical, so sonnets, elegies and metaphysical poems, romantic poems, and even ballads and odes maybe “lyrical”. Most lyric are mediation on loneliness by the poet, but lyric

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA can also be dramatic if it is addressed to a specific person we should understand the lyric in terms of an imaginary speaker or character.

2.5 Song Lyrics

The song is a tone or sound art composition in sequence, combination, and the temporal relationship (usually accompanied by a musical instrument) to produce a musical composition having unity and continuity (containing rhythm).

And variety of tone or rhythmic sound is also called the song. Songs can be sung solo, both (duet), three (trio) or the rollicking (choir). Words in the song are usually shaped rhythmic poetry. Listening to music is of comfortable activity. We know that music is not complete without a song. In music, the song is a composition for voice performed by singing or alongside musical instruments.

According to Hornby (2000: 1281) “Song is a short piece of music with words that you sing”.

Lyrics are a set of words that make up a song, usually consisting of verses and choruses. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. A lyric is a paper written by someone who has imagination in composing beautiful words that have deep meaning. Lyrics and music combined would be a wonderful song and pleasing to the ear. The writer of lyrics is a lyricist or lyrist. According to Hornby (2000: 802), he stated that the lyrics is expressing a person's personal feeling and thoughts, connected with singing and written for a lyric poem is the words of a song.

2.6 Westlife

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Westlife are an Irish pop vocal group, which formed in 1998 in Sligo, disbanded in 2012 and reunited in 2018. They were originally signed by Simon

Cowell in the UK, Clive Davis in the US and managed by Louis Walsh and Sonny

Takhar. The group currently consists of Shane Filan, Mark Feehily, Kian Egan, and Nicky Byrne, Bryan.The group rose to fame with their debut international self- titled studio album, Westlife (1999). It was followed by Coast to

Coast (2000), World of Our Own (2001), After eight years, the quartet group will release their eleventh studio album, Spectrum, in 2019."World of Our Own" is a song by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 18 February 2002 as the second single from their third studio album of the same name (2001). The song peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their 10th number one single - making them a part of a small group of artists in British chart history to achieve this feat. Also, they made history by being the shortest music act or band to have ten or double-figures number ones in the UK Singles Chart (2 years and 10 months or 149 weeks) – more than 3 months quicker than The Beatles (165 weeks). The song's popularity peaked when it was featured in the children's feature film, You Wish!

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA "World of Our Own" was the 40th best-selling single of 2002 in the UK, and received a Silver sales certification in the UK for over 200,000 copies sold. It is the band's fourth most streamed song, and twelfth best-selling single of all-time on both paid-for and combined sales categories in the United Kingdom as of

January 2019. While it is their second most streamed song of all time from their home country, the Republic of Ireland, with 579 thousand streams as of 2 April

2019.According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Westlife has been certified for 12 million albums and 8.4 million singles in the UK. They are also currently ranked twenty-fourth with the most number-one albums of all time. It makes Westlife as one of the most successful musical groups of all time, among the highest profile acts in 2000s popular culture in most of the territories worldwide, and one of the few boy bands to have continued success long after their peak. On the best-selling boy bands of all-time list, they are eighth currently worldwide, the biggest selling boy band from Ireland in history globally, and the largest selling boy band not from the United States since Bay City Rollers from the 1970s and the highest and the only one on the list that haven't had a major break in the United States.

2.7 Related Studies

This research related to the previous studies that discussed about associative meaning in songs. They did the research in songs but every researcher was in different aspects. By using Leech’s theory of Associative Meaning hope will explain the types of Associative Meaning.

Nelvia (2019), the journal analyzed and discussed about the types of meaning in the Opening Statements in Mata Najwa Talk show. In the analyzing the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA meaning in the talk show the researcher applied the theory of Leech (1974). The result shows that the types of associative meaning in this research are connotative meaning (25 data), stylistic meaning (1 data), affective meaning (5 data), reflected

(21 data), and collocative meaning (0 data). This research also find out the functions of associative meaning; connotative meaning is used to assert the hearer about the speaker’s ideas; stylistic meaning is used to show the expression of the speaker, expressed through the style of the use of words, affective meaning is used to express the feeling of the speaker; reflected meaning is used to present the new sense of word. The function of associative meaning in this research mostly used as representative.

Masriyah, this research is analyzing associative meanings in the lyric of

Lorde’s selected songs. The aim of this study was to find out the types and the functions of associative meanings in the lyric of Lorde’s selected songs. This research used theory of associative meaning from Leech’s (1985). In this research, the researchers gathered the data by collecting, marking and describing words, phrases and sentences in the song’s lyric from two albums that contained associative meaning such as connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning. The result of this research showed that there were sixty-nine data of associative meaning as well as their functions in ten songs’ lyric of Lorde. There were seven data of connotative meaning, thirty-five data of social meanings, eleven data of affective meaning, eleven data of reflected meaning, and five data of collocative meanings. The most dominant meaning used in the lyric of Lorde’s songs was social meaning in which the lyrics used informal language such as idioms, slangs and colloquial.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Umagandhy (2017), in International Journal studied the meaning in a very broad way and breaks it down into seven types [1] logical or conceptual meaning,

[2] connotative meaning, [3] social meaning, [4] affective meaning, [5] reflected meaning, [6] collective meaning and [7] thematic meaning. Of these logical or conceptual meaning was the same as designative meaning. Leech’s connotative meaning was different from connotation. Except conceptual meaning and thematic meaning the other five are called associative meaning.

Enda (2017), the data are divided into Seven Types of meaning, they are;

Conceptual meaning, Connotative meaning, Social meaning, Affective meaning,

Reflected meaning, Collocative meaning, and Thematic meaning. The Fast food advertisement slogans, counting the total of each types of meaning used in fast food advertisements slogans. The analysis of 10 data Fast food advertisement slogans and the data taken 75 text data from Fast Food Advertisement Slogans.

Theory by G. Leech (1983) there are seven types of meaning but, in the Findings

Data Analysis the writer found Seven Types of Meaning there are; Conceptual meaning, Connotative meaning, Social meaning , Affective meaning , Reflected meaning , Collocative meaning and Thematic meaning. The Usage of Seven Types of Meaning in Fast Food Advertisement Slogans is very important in order to represent the advertisers tell the prospective consumer about the existence of the product fast food advertisements slogans. The advisers used language in the seven types of meaning is include in fast food advertisements slogans, advertising language used is justified for the purpose of attracting people’s attention, winning their trust and swaying their thinking. The element of persuasiveness on the part of the audience remains the target area of interests of the slogans. Choice and arrangement of words is the art to inculcate the desired out comes.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Many research studies on Associative Meaning concluded by mentioning some data, like the related studies above. From the previous study, this research has similarity and different from those researchers. The similarity of these researches is study about types of meaning. And the differences of these researches are not all Associative Meaning uses can be found in the relevant studies.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.8 Conceptual Framework

Associative Meaning G. Leech theory (1981) Westlife’sSong Lyric of world of our own Album

Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning

Types of associative meaning found in the song lyrics in World of Our Own album

Meaning of those associative meanings in the song lyrics in World of Our Own album

The reason of why associative meanings used in the song lyrics in World of Our Own album as it is

Analysis

Conclusion

Figure 2.8 Conceptual Framework

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

In conducting this research, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative research is descriptive in what the research is interested in process, meaning and understanding gained through words and pictures, qualitative employs conversation, document analysis, interview and recording. Kumar

(2011:396) states that research design is a procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to answer questions validly, objectively, accurately and economical.

Bogdan and Biklen (1992:30) states, that qualitative research is descriptive which means the data collected are in form of words or picture rather than number.

The object of qualitative method are content analysis can be all sort of recorded communication materials analyzed can be text books, newspaper, web pages, transcript of interview, speeches, television programs, advertisement, musical compositions or other types of documents. Then, qualitative method was utilized as the basic technique to collect, investigate and analyze the data, that is, kinds of the language style are used and how are the language style uses in the songs.

Descriptive design is a simply describes what is going on what data shows. The researcher using descriptive qualitative because it just focuses on the natural semantics of the data. In the other words, how a theory works in different semantics phenomena. The purpose of using the descriptive design is simply because through this design, the fact of the area of interests is able to gather and to describe of means in song’s lyrics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2 Source of Data and Data

Bogdan and Biken (1992:106) state that data show is defined as the rough material collected by the researchers from the world, they are studying form in the basis of analysis data in qualitative research.

3.2.1 Data

The data in this research taken from Westlife’s songs in World of Our Own album entitled “Queen of My Heart”, “Bop Bop Baby”, “I Cry”, “Why Do I Love

You”, “I Wanna Grow Old with You”, “Evergreen”, “World of Our Own”, “To be

Loved”, “Drive”, “If Your Heart’s Not in It”, “When You Come Around”, “Don’t

Say It’s Too Late”, “Don’t Let Me Go”, “Walk Away”, “Love Crime”, “Imaginary

Dive”, and “Angel”.

3.2.2 Source of Data

The Writer sources the song lyrics from internet inhttps://www.google.com/search?q=lyrik+album+westlife&oq=lyrik+album+west life&aqs=chrome..69i57j0.6278j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

Table 3.2.2 the data sources of the study are Songs lyrics in the Westlife’s album

No Data Songs Title Lines 1 Data 1 Queen of my heart 20 2 Data 2 Bop Bop Baby 20 3 Data 3 I Cry 30 4 Data 4 Why Do I Love You 23 5 Data 5 I wanna grow old with you 20 6 Data 6 Evergreen 14 7 Data 7 World of our own 26 8 Data 8 To beloved 28 9 Data 9 Drive 17

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 10 Data 10 If your heart’s not in it 25 11 Data 11 If you come around 31 12 Data 12 Don’t say it is too late 21 13 Data 13 Don’t let me go 22 14 Data 14 Walk away 29 15 Data 15 Love crime 25 16 Data 16 Imaginary diva 20 17 Data 17 Angel 24 Total 395

3.3 Technique of Collecting Data

The data are collected by applying descriptive research analyze to describe types of meaning in the song’s lyrics. The technique of the data is using qualitative research method; the lyrics are taken from source in internet. The techniques of data collection in this research are shown below, the Types of Meaning in the songs lyric into five type of meaning, there are; Connotative, Social, Affective,

Reflective, and Collocative meaning.

The process of collecting data goes along with some procedures. The writer follows some stages below:

1. The researcher prepares and search then download the song’s lyrics from

internet.

2. Collecting the data, in this process the collected song’s lyric by Westlife

there are 17 song lyrics by Weslife from album ‘World of Our Own’ (2001)

and print the lyrics. The data taken from several sources such as internet

www.youtube.com.

3. Choosing the data, in this process the data collected are songs lyric. The 17

songs with 395 lyrics are chosen as the data. Then, the data are classified

theory of Leech (1981) that classified associative meaning, they are

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Connotative meaning, Social meaning, Affective meaning, Reflected

meaning, and Collocative meaning.

4. Then, marked each word in every line of the songs from album. After

collecting the data, the researchers used some steps proposed to analyze the

data. The researchers classified words, phrases or sentences that contained

associative meaning in Westlife’s selected songs based on Leech’s theory

of associative meanings (1981).

5. After that, the researchers attempted to describe and explain the findings.

Finally, they drew the conclusions based on findings and analysis.

3.4 Technique of Data Analysis

Data analysis techniques are used to answer the research question or to test the hypothesis that is derived from the research questions. In analyzing of the data, the procedures technique used is a descriptive analysis to draw semantics in selected from Westlife’s song’s lyrics without using a statistic procedure. As proposed by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014) there are some components of data analysis in qualitative research.

1. Data Condensation

Data Condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing, implying, abstracting and transformation. a. Selecting in this research, the researcher chose the best data selection based on

the data. The researcher selected the Westlife’ songs have written text based on

associative meaning in Semantic. b. Focusing on this research, the selected lyric is a focus to describe the associative

meaning in Westlife’s song lyrics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA c. Simplifying make the data simpler or easier to understand. In taking of some

texts and then giving them some codes, for the italic and bold texts or clause in

the criteria call as to when it has found the text or words. in this research, the

researcher is simply the type of meaning process. d. Abstracting in this research, the researcher only used the data which is based on

the existing theories about Types of Meaning (Geoffrey Leech Theory). e. Transforming the researcher is transforming the types of meaning. Transform

means making types of meaning, it could be seen Appendix.

2. Data Display

Data Display is the process of organizing the data; generally, a data display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing. The process of reading, analyzes, and had been selected through

Westlife’s songs that contain the data for analysis.

3. Drawing Conclusions

The last step was drawing conclusion. The researcher concludes the types of meaning used in Westlife’s song’s lyrics. Conclusion drawing can be learn through deducing what the data means or finding after reading the display in this study.

- Counting the percentage of each types of meaning used in Westlife’s song lyrics and Describing the dominantly of types of meaning in Westlife’s song lyrics.

- To described and analysis they represent the company in types of meaning found

in Westlife’s song’s lyrics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the result of analysis as the answers to the problems of the research to find out and describe the types of associative meanings, then to explain the reason why it was used in the song lyrics of World of Our Own album which was the third studio album for boy band from Ireland, Westlife. This album was released on November 1, 2001 which contained of 17 songs. The data in this research would be analyzed by using Leech theory (1981) with the elements such as connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning.

4.1 Data Analysis

The data in this research were the lyrics in Westlife’s third album, World of Our Own. The researcher analyzed the song lyrics in the World of Our Own album from the beginning till the end to get various data. Resulting from the research analysis, from 17 songs that contained in the the World of Our Own album, there were 201 words that contain associative meaning. The lyrics that contained of associative meaning were marked with the italic text which completed with the context description and analysis after listing the songs. These song lyrics were selected, then analyzed based on the principle of assosiative meaning proposed by Leech. The following was a description of the data in the context of the conversation and analysis.

4.1.1 Types of Meaning Used the Song Lyrics of World of Our Own Album.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The data from the song lyrics of World of Our Own album had been analyzed were categorized into Connotative Meaning (CM), Social Meaning (SM),

Affective Meaning (AM), Reflected Meaning (RM), and Collocative Meaning

(CLM). The results of the categorization were then quantified, and the overall results were summarized in the table below.

Table 4.1.1 Associative in the World of Our Own album

No World of Our Own Album CM SM AM RM CLM Total

1 Queen of My Heart 1 - 2 5 3 11

2 Bop Bop Baby 3 1 - 7 5 16

3 I Cry - 2 11 3 2 18

4 Why Do I Love You 2 - 3 1 2 8

5 I Wanna Grow Old with You 2 1 5 4 - 12

6 Evergreen 1 2 4 1 1 9

7 World of Our Own 1 - 4 6 1 12

8 To Be Loved - 3 3 3 2 11

9 Drive - - 1 4 3 8

10 If your heart’s Not In It 2 3 4 2 1 12

11 When You Come Around 2 2 3 3 2 12

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 12 Don’t Say it’s Too Late - - 2 9 - 11

13 Don’t Let Me Go - - 1 4 - 5

14 Walk Away 1 3 3 5 - 12

15 Love Crime - 1 3 4 - 8

16 Imaginary Diva 3 - - 8 4 15

17 Angel 3 - 3 7 8 21

Total 21 18 52 76 34 201

Based on Table 4.1.1, the types of assosiative meaning used in the World of

Our Own album based on the Connotative Meaning (CM), Social Meaning (SM),

Affective Meaning (AM), Reflected Meaning (RM), and Collocative Meaning

(CLM) by Leech (1981) were consisted of 201 data which contained of assosiative meaning. Reflected Meaning (RM) gained the highest rank with 76 lines. It indicated the content of this world of our own album dominated one word meaning influences the listeners’ interpretation of another meaning. Then, followed by

Affective Meaning (AM) with 52 lines, Collocative Meaning (CLM) with 34 lines,

Connotative Meaning (CM) with 21 lines. While the lowest rank was Social

Meaning (SM) with 18 lines. To see the acquisition of assosiative meaning in the specific numeric data, the researcher presented into diagram to facilitate the percentage among the types of assosiative meaning in the data.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Chart 4.1.1 The types of Associative Meaning in the World of Our Own Album

The Types of Assosiative Meaning in the World of Our Own Album

Affective Collocative Reflected Connotative Social

26% 10%

17%

38%

Based on chart 4.1.1, Reflected Meaning gained the highest rank in the data with 38% while Affective Meaning was followed in the second rank with 26%,

Collocative Meaning with 17%. Then, the lowest rank was gained by Connotative

Meaning with 10% and Social Meaning with 9%.

4.1.2 Description of the Associative Meanings Used in the Song Lyrics of the

World Of Our Own Album

The description of associative meaning in the data divided into five categories namely Connotative Meaning (CM), Social Meaning (SM), Affective

Meaning (AM), Reflected Meaning (RM), and Collocative Meaning (CLM). The

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA data were presented in Appendix 2. Based on data analysis, it was found the five ways of assosiative meaning were used in the data.

4.1.2.1 Connotative Meaning (CM)

Connotative meaning was used to refer to the additional or suggested meaning of a word, phrase, and sentence in the data. It was conceptually defined by some features of one word. Then, those features must provide a criterion of the correct use of that word. These contrastive features, translated into real word terms, become attributes of the referent (that which the word refers to).

a) The queen of my heart (Data 1 – Line 13)

Based on the phrase above, the italic word “queen” was called connotative meaning since the word “queen” was defined purely conceptual as human, female, authority, strong and mature. Besides, the word “queen” had physical characteristics such as “having hair, head, two eyes, and wearing crown, etc”.

Furthermore, the word “queen” also had psychological and social characteristics like “beautiful and strong woman, and holding the power. Then, this queen wiould be the supreme ruler for all those who love her”.

b) My mom always said nothing would break me or lead me astray (Data 2 –

Line 1)

In the lyrics above, the italic word “mom” could be called connotative meaning. The word “mom” was usually defined conceptually have three features in real world as human, female and adult. As the person, the word “mom” had physical characteristic such as ‘having womb, fertile body, and long hair, etc.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Then, related to the psychological and social features, “mom” connotes to “warm, comfortable, patient and lovable”.

c) You're the only girl that I need (Data 6 – Line 11)

In the sentence above, the italic word “girl” was conceptual defined as human, female and young. The physic characteristics of “girl” was having eyes, full of smile and short hair while psychology and social personality of the word

“girl” was getting along, youth and being gregarious.

4.1.2.2 Social Meaning (SM)

Social meaning was about the piece of language which expressed the social events where there was the use of language, such as greeting, apologizing, blessing, and condolance. This type of assosiative meaning also related to the use of language to establish and regulate social relations and to maintain social roles and social circumstances of the speaker’s culture because the dialects appear from background’s life variety.

a) The time we spent apart will make our love grow stronger (Data 5-Line 4)

From the sentence above, the italic words “the time we spent apart will make our love grow stronger” was called social meaning to show the blessing statement. The singer apologizes to his soulmate because the singer feels very grateful that the love he has with his girlfriend is growing properly every time.

b) And you rescue me time after time (Data 8 – Line 18)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From the sentence above, the italic sentence “you rescue me time after time” was also called social meaning to show the blessing statement. The singer was so grateful that the presence of his lover in his life had treated the deep pain which previously made him suffer a long time.

c) I'd rather walk away If your heart's not in it (Data 10 – Line 13)

From the sentence above, the italic phrase “walk away” was called social meaning to show the condolance statement. The lover who never gave him a second chance made him feel down and helpless. Then, he decided to go far from his woman to be able to survive rather than having to be close to his lover who did not care anymore.

d) Maybe it's just my destiny to live my life alone (Data 15 – Line 15)

From the sentence above, the italic sentence “maybe it's just my destiny to live my life alone” was also called social meaning to show the condolance statement. Many bad experiences about love really made the singer feel in vain to establish a relationship again with another woman. Grief towards a love relationship can also be clearly seen from the sentence above.

e) My mom always said nothing would break me or lead me astray (Data 2 –

Line 1)

Based on the sentences above, the italic word “mom” was called by social meaning because this word included colloquial. Colloquial meant language that used in daily activity or non-formal language which was used by any people in around of their family (Maryono Dwiraharjo, 2001: 28). The italic word “mum” was also first habitually used by children when they called their mother. This word

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA was usually used based on the social circumstance of language use that was related with the family.

4.1.2.3 Affective Meaning (AM)

Affective meaning was used to refer the emotive devices because by song lyrics the listener would know about the feeling of the song such as bad, angry, sad, happy, etc.

a) Let me be empty and weightless and maybe (Data 17 – Line 6)

Based on the sentence above, the two italic words “empty” and

b) Love has never been good to me (Data 15 – Line 14)

Based on the sentence above, the italic sentence “love has never been good to me” was considered to affective meaning. This sentence showed the feeling or expression of the singer to the listener. This clearly illustrated the sad and disappointed expression felt by the singer. Many times falling in love and having feelings to be able to belong to someone also always failed. For this reason, this sentence gives a sense of sadness and disappointment for everything that happens in his love story.

c) I fell apart I fell from all we had to I never knew, I needed you so bad

(Data 3 – Line 2, 3, and 4)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In the sententences above, the italic sentences “I fell apart”, ” I fell from all we had”, and the phrase “so bad” could be called affective meaning. It showed the personal feeling of the singer to the listener. The sentence “I fell apart” expressed the singer's personal feeling was very upset because he had to be so far away from his lover that his lover was no longer his lover. Then, the sentence ” I fell from all we had” expressed very deep regret because of the events that made him lose the love of his lover forever. While, the phrase “so bad” expressed a deep longing for the lover that he really needs when the time slumped like this time but the lover is not his lover as before.

d) I cry silently (Data 3 – Line 11)

Based on the sentence above, the italic sentence “I cry silently” was considered to affective meaning. This sentence showed the feeling or expression of the singer about deep feelings of sadness and regret because the lover had left and forgotten it. It was sadness and regret that caused the singer could not hold it without anyone knowing.

e) I wanna die lying in your arms (Data 5 – line 7)

Then, the sentence above was indicated as affective meaning. This italic sentence “I wanna die lying in your arms” showed the feeling or expression of the singer about love and loyalty to the lover who was very sincere and noble so that the desire to always live together was very desired by the singer, and because of his deep love for his lover, the singer also wanted to continue with his lover until the end of his life.

f) Eyes, like a sunrise like a rainfall down my soul (Data 6 – Line 1)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The sentence above was indicated as affective meaning. This italic sentence

“eyes, like a sunrise like a rainfall down my soul” illustrated the praise to his lover whose presence could color the singer's days like a rainbow that had many colors to decorate the earth after the rain fell, and the lover's gaze was so warm like the morning sun shining on the earth so that it made the singer feel safe and comfortable about her presence. These words were a compliment expressed by the singer to praise the kindness and beauty of his lover.

g) Like an angel like velvet to my skin and I wonder (Data 6 – Line 15)

The sentence above was indicated as affective meaning. This italic sentence

“like an angel like velvet to my skin and I wonder” illustrated the praise to the figure of his lover who was very special in the singer’s heart. This sentence illustrated the sincerity of the lover like a sincere and holy angel, then the warmth and comfort felt by the singer like velvet cloth that has a distinctive hairy surface texture where the velvet fabric was a material made of silk which had very soft characteristics and was not stiff compared to other synthetic fiber materials used to make this fabric.

h) You make me feel funny (Data 7 – Line 1)

Based on the sentence above, the italic word “funny” was considered to affective meaning. This sentence showed the feeling or expression of the singer about the joy felt by a singer because his heart is in love. This feeling is very common for everyone who is feeling love for someone they like, such as smiling to themselves and talking to themselves which looks funny and adorable.

i) You make me feel happy (Data 7 – Line 5)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on the sentence above, the italic word “happy” was considered to affective meaning. This sentence showed the feeling or expression of the singer about the happiness felt by the singer because of the feeling of love that he felt from someone he really loves. This feeling is often felt by people who are enjoying the beauty of falling in love with their soulmate.

4.1.2.4 Reflected Meaning (RM)

Reflected meaning was used to communicate through association with another sense of the same expression (Leech, 1983: 23). It means that it is kind of language that causes a new sense based on the context in sentences. Therefore, it was possible to make either secondary or substitution meaning for the same words which were reflected to familiar reference of the word in society.

a) You are pulled from the wreckage of your silent reverie (Data 17 – Line

10)

Based on the sentence above, the italic word “wreckage” was called reflected meaning because it had not the meaning of something shattered so that it became rubble which was no longer useful, but it represents to describe feeling down due to disappointment.

b) I need some distraction, oh beautiful release memory seeps from my veins

(Data 17 – Line 5)

In the sentence above, the italic word “veins” was called reflected meaning because it was not the part of the circulatory system that circulates blood to all parts of the human body, which functions to circulate blood cells, nutrients and oxygen to body tissues and transport waste and carbon dioxide to be excreted from

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the body., but it represents to describe feeling down due to disappointment.

Meanwhile, it was the memories experienced by the singer were very memorable in his heart and mind, such as not wanting to be forgotten so that it seems to spread throughout his mind.

c) When I find my way back to your arms again (Data 1 – Line 11)

d) You always said I was a dreamer now it’s dead (Data 2 – Line 3)

In the sentence above, the italic word “arm” was called reflected meaning because it was not the absence of life in biological organisms due to natural causes such as illness or unnatural conditions such as accidents. Rather, the word means that the singer is not someone who can only dream to be something he wants to be anymore, but he now dares to take action rather than dreaming like before.

4.1.2.5 Collocative Meaning (CLM)

Collocative Meaning was used to refer the word because its habitual combined with certain types of words such as big business, not using large or great business. It also has different meaning in the case of association such as the word

‘good’ in the phrase ‘good child’ means respectful and obedient while in the phrase

‘a good job’ means comfortable salary (Finch, 1998: 143).

a) Why did I ever let you slip away? (Data 3 – Line 8)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The italic phrase “slip away” was called collocative meaning. It has different meaning based on the context in which it is used. The italic phrase “slip away” can collocate with “getting around”. In this case, the “slip away” relates with going away such as trip, travel, journey, fare, etc. While, “slip away” means moving from the relationship that has been fostered. So, the word slip away has different sense in the case of association.

b) All the times we made love together (Data 4 – Line 7)

Based on the sentence above, the phrase “made love” is called collocative meaning because the word made has different sense in the case of association. In this context, the “made love” means the sex activity which carried out by a pair of lovers on the basis of love, where their lust was designed to have intercourse.

c) Cause you're the one good reason (Data 6 – Line 10)

Here, “good reason” means the best and right choice as a life partner who will accompany the singer everyday. As we know that “good” was used to refer the quality, but usually “good” was used with another adjective to express an emotion as in sentence above. So, the phrase “good reason” is more suitable for this context. So that, the phrase “little child” belongs to collocative meaning because it refers to associate of a word because its usual with certain types of words.

d) Oh, we got a little world of our own (Data 7 – Line 12)

Then, the phrase “little world” means personal life owned by a singer and his lover. The word “little” being below the greatness and breadth. The word

“little” is similar with small and they are used to refer to size in the same way, but usually little is used with another adjective to express an emotion as in sentence

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA above. So that, the phrase “little world” belongs to collocative meaning because it refers to associate of a word because its usual with certain types of words.

4.1.3 The Reasons of Using the Associative Meaning in the Song Lyrics of

the World Of Our Own Album

In this section, the researcher explained the reasons used in the data by using the meaning of association to convey the emotions and purpose of the songs.

a) Connotative Meaning

In this research data, connotative meaning only obtained in 18 lines (19%) for the whole songs in this album. The meaning of this connotation was used because it was relatively unstable from time to time, community to community, and personal experience. The function is used to communicate the experience in the real world to associate with the expression when someone heard it or used it since it brings to something valuable to the real world. When the word “girl” conceptually it is human, female, and young. Then, it reflects to the real-world as experienced in youth, skirt-or-dress wearing, emotional, funny, smiley, kind- hearted, and friendly).

The meaning of connotation is also used to be more open than conceptual meaning. However, it illustrates something that goes beyond mere word references and hints at its attributes in the real world. Real-world values are felt in secret socio-cultural principles, norms and rules. These terms are only the same in conceptual meaning but have differences in that understanding. At least, the meaning will be recognized if it is in accordance with the time and condition of people who reflect the real world.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b) Social Meaning

In this research, the social meaning gained 21 lines (10%). This social meaning is used because it delivered the stylistic style which appears in language since it concerns the social circumstance of the use of linguistic expression. It was also used because it could relate to the use of language to establish and regulate social relations and to maintain social roles. Language that people used in communication is related to the social circumstances of the speaker’s culture because the dialects appear from background’s life variety.

c) Affective Meaning

In this research, the affective meaning gained 52 lines (26%). It was used because it showed the sense of a word that pointed the singer’s feeling to the listener. The tone of voice was really important to show the emotion since the listener would understand when we are angry, bad, sad, or happy through the intonation of the speaker. For that reason, it is also used because this type can be a bridge between the listener and the singer to feel each other's feelings for each other.

d) Reflected Meaning

In this research, the reflected meaning gained 76 lines (38%). It was used in the data because it showed the lexical level of language which rises in case of multiple conceptual meaning. In other word, reflected meaning is used to communicate through association with another sense of the same expression or the meaning which arises in case of multiple conceptual meaning when the sense of word parts of our response to another sense

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA e) Collocative Meaning

In this research, the reflected meaning gained 34 lines (17%). It was used in the data because it showed the word which is associated with to their language all their lives, but not might be expected from the meaning.

4.2 Finding

From the finding, the researcher found that all types of assosiative meaning proposed by Leech (1981) found in the data. The use of assosiative meaning in this data was used to interprete how words or sentences convey the meaning and convey a situation and experience possessed by the data whose meaning was not conveyed if it was written with literal or primary meaning. This study investigated associative meanings in the World of Our Own album because it is relevant. It is related to meaning of words, phrases, or sentences which are appropriate with the context.

Based on the data analysis above, the data of assosiative meaning were consisted of 17 songs with 201 lines, while Reflected Meaning (RM) gained the highest rank with 76 lines (38%). Then, followed by Affective Meaning (AM) with

52 lines (26%), Collocative Meaning (CLM) with 34 lines (17%), Social Meaning

(SM) with 21 (10%). While the lowest rank was Connotative Meaning (CM) with

18 lines (9%).

It can be seen in the part of reflected meaning that dominated the frequent type of associative meaning in the World of Our Own album. The data used a lot of reflected meaning in this album because the singer wanted to convey the meaning that communicated through the association with another sense of the 48

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA same expression of the word. It happened in the sentence “I'll build a wall around my heart” (Data 12 – Line 10), the italic word “wall” actually meant the alternative ways to protect a relationship from being disturbed and disturbed by outsiders who have a bad purpose for the relationship.

After reflected meaning, the second highest rank was affective meaning because the singer gave the feeling to the listeners clearly. In other word, it was the expression or communication of emotion or feeling of the speaker about something that is happened according to the situation. It happened in the sentence “I want you so much” actually meant a sense of belonging so deeply as a lover of a loved one.

Then, it was followed by collocative meaning, that was used to refer the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environtment, in the sentence “Forget real life and fantasies” (Data 16

– Line 17). Conceptually in the context of relationship ‘real’ was similar to tangible, obvious, evident, noticable, true, genuine, unmitigated, correct, exact, fact, great, and intrinsic. What should be italic was not a similar word, but the phenomenon of how to match the word ‘real’ could be met to the word ‘life’, thus it was categorized as collocative meaning, in which the italic phrase “real life” meant life that really will happen to us, it is hereafter. The word real can collocate with the word time, real time which meant the actual time which a process takes place or an event occur.

After that, social meaning followed after coloocative meaning. It was used to referred the usage of language in and by a society which has big proportions in determining the meaning that certain speaker has to use and wants to convey. In the sentence “and you rescue me time after time” (Data 8 – Line 18) turned to have

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA social value and circumstance because gratitude for the blessing that he got through the presence of his lover can treat the hurt he felt before.

The last was connotative meaning in the sentence “girl even though you're right here by my side”. The italic word “girl” was associated to the word human, female, and young. It was used to refer the additional meaning of a word “girl”.

Then the three properties human, female, and young must provide a criterion of the correct use of the word “girl”. These contrastive features, translated into real word terms, become attributes of the referent (that which the word refers to).

4.3 Discussion

Song lyric of Westlife in World of Our Own album entitled “Queen of My

Heart”, “Bop Bop Baby”, “I Cry”, “Why Do I Love You”, “I Wanna Grow Old with You”, “Evergreen”, “World of Our Own”, “To be Loved”, “Drive”, “If Your

Heart’s Not in It”, “When You Come Around”, “Don’t Say It’s Too Late”, “Don’t

Let Me Go”, “Walk Away”, “Love Crime”, “Imaginary Dive”, and “Angel”. The songs that were contained in this album, not all about love stories that ended pleasant, but there were also those that ended very sad and deep regret for the mistakes made by the singer. After the researcher analyzed the data taken from song lyric of Westlife in World of Our Own album, the researcher found some associative meanings based on Leech’s theory.

Based on the data analysis and the findings, in this section, the researcher explained the discussion which was aimed to provide rich descriptions of the research problems that had been formulated in chapter one. From the research findings which had answered the research questions, there were five types of assosiative meaning, they were reflected meaning, affective meaning, collocative 50

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA meaning, social meaning, and connotative meaning. Each of assosiative meaning had functions that differ them according to type by reaching 17 songs with 201 lines, while Reflected Meaning (RM) gained the highest rank with 76 lines (38%).

Then, followed by Affective Meaning (AM) with 52 lines (26%), Collocative

Meaning (CLM) with 34 lines (17%), Social Meaning (SM) with 21 (10%). While the lowest rank was Connotative Meaning (CM) with 18 lines (9%).

The first type was connotative meaning such as words “girl”, “baby”,

“mom”, and “honey”. These words were called connotative meaning because they were usually defined conceptually have three features in real world. Besides, they have physical characteristic, psychological and social characteristics. The second kind of associative meaning was social meaning. For example, the sentence “you'll always be the one to understand that's why”. This sentence was considered social meaning because it included in blessing statement. The next type of associative meaning was affective meaning because they showed feeling or expression of the singer to listeners. The expressions or feelings were addressed to the figure of the lover who is so perfect to have as a form of praise, worry expression, sad feeling, amazed expression, regret feeling, complement expression, the longing of wanting to meet always, and the pain felt after being hurt.

Another type of associative meaning was reflected meaning. It was communicated through association with another sense of the same expression. It meant that it was kind of language that causes a new sense based on the context in sentences. The examples of reflected meaning can be seen in words “whisper”,

“wreckage”, “hill”, “wall”, and “ocean”. They had the meaning of something made by another materials..

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In this research, the researcher found 76 lines (38%) data of Reflected

Meaning, 52 lines (26%) data of Affective Meaning, 34 lines (17%) data of

Collocative Meaning, 21 (10%) data of Social Meaning and 18 lines (9%) data of

Connotative Meaning. The difference between this research and the previous study is the presence and absence of the relationship with other aspects. If the previous studies just focus in kinds of associative meaning so in this present research shows the presence of relationship with another aspect, it is the reasons for using associative mining in this research data.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

Based on the findings and discussion in the previous chapter, the researcher concludes that there was related to 17 songs with 201 lines, while Reflected

Meaning (RM) gained the highest rank with 76 lines (38%). Then, followed by

Affective Meaning (AM) with 52 lines (26%), Collocative Meaning (CLM) with

34 lines (17%), Social Meaning (SM) with 21 (10%). While the lowest rank was

Connotative Meaning (CM) with 18 lines (9%) That word, Affective meaning was related to someone's feelings if they hear or read certain words. Feelings that appear can be positive or negative. Reflected meaning was seen to communicate through the association with another sense of the same expression of the word.

Social meaning referred to the usage of language in and by a society which has big proportions in determining the meaning that certain speaker has to use and wants to convey. Collocative meaning was referred to the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings.

The singer used connotative meaning because it had relationship with the individual experience and the real world terms. Besides, it included the physical, psychological and social properties. Then, the singer used social meaning because it showed social circumstance, especially related to the family and experience in apologies for mother. The singer also used affective meaning to express the personal feelings or attitudes of the singer to the listener through those songs.

Furthermore, the singer used reflected meaning because it gave the new meaning based on the context. The last, the singer used collocative meaning because it was

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA communicated through association with word tends to occur in the environment and it had different sense when it was combined with another noun.

The usage of associative meaning in the song lyrics very important in order to represent the listener the prospective listener about the existence of the song lyrics.

5.2 Suggestions

With reference to the conclusions, suggestions are stages follow:

So, the researcher suggested to the future researcher to use different data resources such as in short story, novel, magazines, movie, etc. The researcher also suggested applying the different focusing, which was the associative meaning of seven type of meaning such as conceptual meaning and thematic meaning. Then, the researcher suggested comparing between one theory with other theories to make valid analysis. Give more efforts in understanding and learning about this theory since the similarities between the five types of associative meaning can be seen clearly but a bit hard to find the differences among them.

Study types of meaning is a very important to maintain and master, especially in study of meaning, the use of reader can understand to song lyrics. So, the writer suggests to the readers, in the song lyrics, to maintain it such as document it more.

Semantics is the study of meaning. It suggested to experts or linguists to explore the study of associative meaning to widen the scope of understanding of meaning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

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Christiana, E. (2017). Semantic Analysis of Fast Food Advertisement Slogans. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Finch, G. (1998). How to study linguistics. Hongkong: Machmillan.

Griffee, Dale. T. (1995). Songs in Action. Prentice Hall: Phoenix ELT, Print.

Hurford, J. R. (2007). Semantic: A Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hornby, A.S. (2000) Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary Sixth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Katz, J. (1972). Semantic Theory. New York: Harper & Row.

Kumar, A. (2011). Research and Writing Skills. New York, NY: Lulu Press.

Leech, G. (1981). Semantics: the Study of Meaning (2nd Ed.). London: Penguin.

Leech, G.N. (1974), Semantics. Auxland: Penguin Books.George Allan

Leonard, Bloomfield. (1993). Language. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.

Masriyah, Aziz.A.Z, Samad.A.I, (2019) An Analysis of Associative Meanings in Two Songs Albums of Lorde. English Education Journal: Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Volume 10. No. 2. Miles,M.B, Huberman,A.M, and Saldana,J. (2014).Qualitative Data Analysis, A Methods Sourcebook, Edition 3. Los Angles: Sage Publications.

Nelvia, Rosa.R, Fitrawati. (2019) Types and Function of Associative Meanings in the Opening Statements used by the host of Mata Najwa Talk Show. E- Journal of English Language and Literature: English language and Literature Study Program of FBS Universitas Negeri Padang, Volume 8 N0 1, (101- 110).

Oxford (2003) Learners Pocket Dictionary Third Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Palmer, F.R. (1991) Semantics. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

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Palmer, F. (1976) Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Umagandhy, R. (2017) Leech’s seven Types of Meaning in Semantics. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. Volume 4, ISSUE 3 (71-72).

INTERNET SOURCE https://www.google.com/search?q=lyrik+album+westlife&oq=lyrik+album+westl ife&a qs =chrome..69i57j0.6278j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Appendix 1

1. Queen of My Heart Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 So here we stand in our secret place 1 2 Where the sound of the crowd is so far away 1 3 And you take my hand, and it feels like home 1 4 We both understand, it’s where we belong 5 So how do I say, do I say goodbye? 6 We both have our dreams, we both wanna fly 1 7 So let’s take tonight, to carry us through, the 1 lonely times 8 I’ll always look back as I walk away 9 This memory will last for eternity 10 And all of our tears will be lost in the rain 1 11 When I find my way back to your arms again 1 12 But until that day you know you are 13 The queen of my heart 1 14 So let’s take tonight and never let go 15 When dancing we’ll kiss, like there’s no 1 tomorrow 16 As the stars sparkle down, like a diamond ring 1 17 I’ll treasure this moment till we meet again 1 18 But no matter how far, away you may be 19 I just close my eyes and you’re in my dreams 20 And there you will be, until we meet

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Total 1 0 2 5 3

2. Bop Bop Baby

Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 My mom always said nothing would break me or 1Mom 1Mom 1Break 1 lead me astray 2 Who would have guessed I’d let my mind drift 1 so far away? 3 You always said I was a dreamer now it’s dead 1dreamer 1dead 4 I’m dreaming of things that’s making my mind go crazy 5 Small things like 6 When I call you at home and he answers the phone 7 Or I get your machine and I don’t hear me 1 8 When I lie in my bed with the thoughts in my head 9 When we danced and we sang and we laughed all night 10 Ooh da bop bop baby please don’t let me go 1 11 Can’t live my life this way 12 Ooh da bop bop baby please just let me know 13 And put my mind at ease for sure on a love train 1 14 20 odd years now, I got off today 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 15 But nobody said the stop that I’ve taken 1 16 Was a stop too late? 17 Now I’m alone I’m thinking of stupid 18 Hurtful small things like 1 19 Maybe it’s time to say goodbye 20 Maybe it’s time to let this lie 1 21 This is when we must set things right 22 Now that we’ve gone our separate ways 1 23 I just can’t live these desperate days 1 24 This is what I’ve been trying to say

Total 3 1 0 7 5

3. I Cry Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 You said goodbye 2 I fell apart 1 3 I fell from all we had 1 4 To I never knew, I needed you so bad 1 5 You need to let things go 6 I know, you told me so 7 I’ve been through hell to break the spell 2 8 Why did I ever let you slip away? 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 9 Can’t stand another day without you 1 10 Without the feeling, I once knew 11 I cry silently 1 12 I cry inside of me 13 I cry hopelessly 1 14 Cause I know I’ll never, breathe your love again 1 15 I cry, cause you’re not here with me 16 Cause I’m lonely as can be 1 17 I cry hopelessly 18 Cause I know I’ll never, breathe your love again 19 If you could see me now 20 You would know just how 21 How hard I try, not to wonder why 1 22 I wish I could believe in something new 23 Oh, please somebody tell me it’s not true (oh girl) 24 I’ll never be over you 25 Why did I ever let you slip away? 1 26 Can’t stand another day without you 27 Without the feeling, I once knew 28 If I could have you back tomorrow 29 If I could lose the pain and sorrow 2 2 30 I would do just anything 31 To make you see, you still love me 1

Total 0 2 11 3 2

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

4. Why Do I Love You Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Suddenly she's leaving 1 2 Suddenly the promise of love has gone 1 3 Suddenly breathing seems so hard to do 1 4 Carefully you planned it 5 I got to know just a minute to late, oh girl 1 6 Now I understand it 7 All the times we Made love together 1 8 Baby you were thinking of him 1 9 Why do I love you? 10 Don't even want to 11 Why do I love you 12 Like I do? 13 Like I always do 14 You should've told me 15 Why did you have to be untrue? 16 Why do I love you 17 Like I do? 18 Ain't gonna show no weakness 19 I'm gonna smile 20 And tell the whole world 1 21 I'm fine 22 I'm gonna keep my senses 23 But deep down

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 24 When no one can hear me 25 Baby I'll be crying for you 26 Can't go back 27 Can't erase 1 28 Baby your smiling face oh no 29 I can think of nothing else but you

Total 2 0 3 1 2

5. I wanna grow old with you Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Another day, without your smile 1 2 Another day just passes by 3 but now I know, how much it means for you to stay, right here with me 4 The time we spent apart will make our love grow 1 stronger 5 but it hurts so bad I can't take it any longer 1 6 I wanna grow old with you 1 7 I wanna die lying in your arms 1 8 I wanna grow old with you 9 I wanna be looking in your eyes 1 10 I wanna be there for you, sharing everything you do

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 11 I wanna grow old with you 12 A thousand miles between us now it causes me to wonder how 13 Our love tonight remains so strong 1 14 It makes our risk right all along 1 15 The time we spent apart will make our love 1 grow stronger 16 But it hurt so bad I can't take it any longer 1 17 Things can come and go I know but 18 Baby I believe 1 19 Something's burning strong between us 1 20 Makes it clear to me

Total 2 1 5 4 0 6. Evergreen Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Eyes, like a sunrise like a rainfall down my soul 1 2 And I wonder, I wonder why you look at me like that 3 What you're thinking 4 What's behind 5 Don't tell me, but it feels like love 1 6 I'm gonna take this moment 7 And make it last forever 8 I'm gonna give my heart away 1 9 And pray we'll stay together 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 10 Cause you're the one good reason 1 11 You're the only girl that I need 1 12 Cause you're more beautiful than I have ever 1 seen 13 I'm gonna take this night 14 And make it evergreen, touch 1 15 Like an angel like velvet to my skin and I wonder 1 16 Wonder why you wanna stay the night 17 What you're dreaming 18 What's behind

Total 1 2 4 1 1

7. World of our own Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 You make me feel funny 1 2 When you come around 3 Yeah that's what I found out honey 1 4 What am I doing without you? 5 You make me feel happy 1 6 When I leave you behind 7 It plays on my mind now honey

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 8 What am I doing without you? 1 9 Oh, took for granted everything we had 10 As if I'd find someone 11 Who's just like you 12 Oh, we got a little world of our own 1 13 I'll tell you things that no one else knows 14 I'll let you in where no one else goes 15 What am I doing without you? 16 And all the things I've been looking for 17 Have always been here outside my door 1 18 And all of the time I'm looking for something new 19 What am I doing without you? What am I doing without you? 20 Well I guess I'm ready for settling down 1 21 And fooling around is over 1 22 And I swear it's true 23 No buts or maybes (buts or maybes) 2 24 When I'm falling down 25 There's always someone who saves me 26 And girl it's you 1 27 Oh, funny how life can be so surprising 1 28 I'm just realizing what you do

Total 1 0 4 6 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 8. To Be Loved Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 The song of a little bird 1 2 The joy in three little words 1 3 I know it's real 4 That's how it feels to be loved by you 5 The stars from a midnight sky 1 6 The melody from a lullaby 1 7 There's nothing real 8 That I wouldn't steal to be loved by you, to be loved by you 9 If everybody knows 10 It's only 'cause it shows 11 A smile to put you on a high 12 A kiss that sets your soul alight 1 13 Would it be all right if I spent tonight being loved by you to be loved by you 14 If everybody knows 15 It's only 'cause it shows 16 Your love is released 1 17 And you move me with ease 1 18 And you rescue me time after time 1 19 Oh oh you give your all 20 And you take it all in your stride 1 21 Oh with all the power of a symphony 1 22 That's how my heart beats when you're holding me

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 23 I can't conceal, this is how it feels to be loved by you 24 Oh yeah, to be loved by you 25 If everybody knows, it's only 'cause it shows 26 Because I take your love, Everywhere I go 27 I know what it is I need, it's clear as a shallow 1 stream 28 It's as it seems, my only dreams to be loved by you

Total 0 3 3 3 2

9. Drive Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 It's easy to fool around it's harder to keep the 1 faith 2 But I wanna settle down no matter what it takes 3 If I ever break your heart if I ever do you wrong 4 I hope I never give you 'cause to doubt where you belong 5 If a million miles were between us 6 I'd want you to know 7 If I had to drive all day take that flight 1 8 Across this ocean I'm coming home tonight 1 9 Don't let it play on your mind 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 10 'Cause my devotion is for all time 1 11 Some people want it all some only want the fun 1 12 But I'm here to let you know that I'm all about 1 the love 13 Some people let it show some people wait too long 14 Well I'm gonna tell you now that you're always 1 number one 15 'Cause my devotion is for all time

Total 0 0 1 4 3

10. If your heart’s Not In It

Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning I'm missing you 1 1 Girl even though you're right here by my side 1 2 Cause lately it seems 3 The distance between us is growing too wide 1 4 I'm so afraid that you're saying it's over 1 5 The last thing that I wanna hear 6 But if your heart's not in it for real 7 Please don't try to fake what you don't feel 8 If love's already gone 1 9 It's not fair to lead me on 1 10 Cause I would give the whole world for you 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 11 Anything you ask of me I'd do 12 But I won't ask you to stay 13 I'd rather walk away 1 14 If your heart's not in it 1 15 You say that you love me 16 But baby sometimes 1 17 You're just saying the words 18 If you've got somethin' to tell me 19 Don't keep it inside 20 Let it be heard 21 How I wish 1 22 I could take us back in time 23 But it's gone too far now we can't rewind 1 24 (And there's nothing that I can do To stop me losin' you) 25 I can't make you change your mind 26 (If your heart's not in it)

Total 2 3 4 2 1

11. When You Come Around

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 The day I was leaving 2 I was feeling insecure 1 3 I thought that I'd thrown away 1 4 All of those days 5 And what we had before 6 And now I believe it 7 After what you had to say 8 I thought about every day in every way 9 And this is what I'll say now baby 1 10 You don't have to worry 1 11 Cause everything's all right 12 I know that you'll get me 13 That you'll get me through the night 1 14 When you come around 15 You know you pick me up 1 16 When I'm feeling down 17 And I want you to know 18 Baby how can I show 1 19 Do I have to scream and shout 2 20 When you come around 21 You only have to smile and you knock me out 1 22 But I'm here on the floor 1 23 And I'm begging for more 1 24 Baby that's what love's about 25 There's so many reasons 26 Why our love is guaranteed so many reasons

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA why 27 I can't hide 28 Just what you mean to me 29 So say what you're thinking 30 While you're sitting next to me 31 Let all your feelings show 32 Just let me know

Total 2 2 3 3 2

12. Don’t Say it’s Too Late

Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 It doesn't take much to learn 2 When the bridges that you burn 2 3 Leave you stranded feeling alone 1 1 stranded 4 It doesn't take much to cry 1 5 When you're living in a lie 1 6 And deceiving that someone who cares 7 If I could turn back the time 8 I would put you first in my life 9 And I would risk it all for you to prove my love is true

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 10 I'll build a wall around my heart 1 11 That would only break a part for you can change 1 the way I feel 12 So tell me what's the deal 13 Don't say, don't say it's too late 14 And now the hills are getting hard to climb 1 15 I'm runnin' out of time 16 My decisions are pending on you 17 And I will accept the blame for burnin' out the 1 flame 18 Hoping the story will twist once again 1 19 Don't say, don't say it's too late 20 Now I'm layin' it all on the line for you

Total 0 0 2 9 0

13. Don’t Let Me Go Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 So much to say 2 But where do I start 3 Would you listen if I spoke from the heart 1 4 It's simple things 5 That keep us apart

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6 You know it doesn't have to be this way 7 Can't you hear it in my voice 8 You gotta listen when I say 9 Don't let me go when I'm this low 10 Why can't we talk about it 11 Why can't we figure it out 12 I want to know as people grow 13 How do they sort it all out 14 Work out what love is about 1 15 So tell me now yeah I've gotta know 16 When this feeling I've got won't let go 17 Some people stop 18 And some people stare 19 I'm hearing whispers that you no longer care 1 20 Should I stay 21 Should I turn away 22 Stop playing games now you know it's not fair 1 23 You make me think I've got this feeling for you 1 24 I've tried so hard, won't you listen to me? 25 Cause we can make it we can see this through 26 Let me start by telling you

Total 0 0 1 4 0

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 14. Walk Away Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Here we are just a little older 2 Time goes by 3 But did I ever tell you why 4 I want you so much 1 5 It came to me 6 When you were not around 7 You'll always be the one to understand that's 1 why 8 I can't miss your touch all my life 1 9 I waited for someone and all this time 10 You were the one 1 11 So if you want a man that is here to stay 12 Swearing he's forever true 13 I'll never walk away 1 14 I'll never give up on you 1 15 And if you want a love that will save the day 16 No matter what you're going through 17 I'll never walk away 18 I'll never walk out on you 19 I've been a fool 20 I didn't see behind the friend in you 1 21 And baby don't you ask me why 1 1 22 It just couldn't be love 23 Cause from the start you would be the one to 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA cure my heart 24 But I just didn't look this way 25 And now I can't get enough all my life 26 I waited for someone and all this time 27 And with a kiss you turned my world around 1 29 The greatest rush of all was to be found 1

Total 1 3 3 5 0

15. Love Crime

Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 I didn't know what to say 2 I tried to look the other way 3 When I saw you there with him 4 Acting like I don't care 5 But you can read from how I stare 1 6 That I'm hurting deep inside 1 7 But even though you look so good tonight 8 I'll be fine 9 But I know that for you to be here without me by your side 10 It's a love crime 1 11 Why you act so surprised 12 I can tell from the guilt in your eyes 1 13 It's a love crime to me

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 14 Love has never been good to me 1 15 Maybe it's just my destiny to live my life alone 1 16 Who was I trying to fool 1 17 Thinking our love would break the rule 1 18 Still I'm standing on my own 19 And even though you look so good tonight 20 Here I am not knowing 21 Tell me what to do 22 But I know that for you

Total 0 1 3 4 0 16. Imaginary Diva Line Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Late last night a had a dream 2 And it was then I seen her 3 She didn't need no diamond rings, fancy cars, versace things to please her 4 She’s my perfect girl 5 And I call her my imaginary diva 1 1 6 Every girl she passes by 1 7 Just can't deny that they would love to be her 8 All the guys comparing sizes, tucking shirts and 3 fixing ties to please her 9 She's my perfect girl, exclusive to my world 1 10 No you can't get her 11 She's my imaginary diva 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 12 Shine on imaginary diva 13 Shine on into this world 14 Join us in our imagination 1 15 Help yourself believe in all you have heard 16 All you have to do is close your eyes 17 Forget real life and fantasies 1fantasies 1 18 Erase bad thoughts start to replace 19 Create your own amazing place 1 20 She's a real time girl in my imaginary world 2 21 Take a good look at her 22 She's my imaginary diva 23 Help yourself believe in all you have heard 24 So listen up this so called classy lady’s sipping 1 fizz in VIP bars 25 She could teach a thing or two to you, your outfit, attitude and visa 26 She’s my imaginary diva

Total 3 0 0 8 4

17. Angel Lyrics Connotative Social Affective Reflected Collocative Line Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning 1 Spend all your time waiting for that second chance 2 For a break that will make it OK

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3 There's always one reason to feel not good enough 4 And it's hard at the end of the day 1 5 I need some distraction, oh beautiful release 1vein 1 memory seeps from my veins 6 Let me be empty and weightless and maybe 2 7 I'll find some peace tonight 1 8 In the arms of an angel, fly away from here 2 from this dark cold hotel room 9 And the endlessness that you fear 1 10 You are pulled from the wreckage of your silent 1 wreckage 1 reverie 11 You're in the arms of the angel 1 12 May you find some comfort here 13 So tired of the straight line 14 And everywhere you turn 15 There's vultures and thieves at your back 2 2 16 And the storm keeps on twisting 1 17 You keep on building the lies 18 That you make up for all that you lack 19 It don't make no difference escaping one last time 20 It's easier to believe in this sweet madness 1 21 all this glorious sadness that brings me to my 1 2 knees

Total 3 0 3 7 8

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDIX 2 1. Queen of my Heart So here we stand in our secret place Where the sound of the crowd is so far away You take my hand, and it feels like home We both understand, it where we belong So do I say, do I say goodbye We both have our dreams we both want to fly So let’s take tonight, to carry us through the lonely times I'll always look back as I walk away this memories will last for eternity And all of our tears will be lost in the rain When I found my way back to your arms again But until that day, you know you are The Queen of my heart So let’s take tonight, and never let go While we dance we kiss, like there's no tomorrow As the stars sparkle down, like a diamond ring I'll treasure this moment, till we meet again But no matter how far, away you may be I'll just close my eyes, and you’re in my dreams And there you will be, until we meet

2. Bop Bop baby My mama said nothing would break me or lead me astray Who would have guessed I'd let my mind drift so far away You always said I was a dreamer now it's dead I'm dreaming of things that's making my mind go crazy Small things like When I call you at home and he answers the phone Or I get your machine and I don't hear me When I lie in my bed with the thoughts in my head When we danced and we sang and we laughed all night Oh the bop bop baby please don't let me go Can't live my life this way Oh the bop bop baby please just let me know And put my mind at ease for sure On a love train 20 odd years now I got off today But nobody said the stop that I've taken Was a stop too late Now I'm alone I'm thinking of stupid Hurtful small things like

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

3. I cry You said goodbye I fell apart I fell from all we had To I never knew I needed you so bad You need to let things go I know, you told me so I've been through hell to break the spell Why did I ever let you slip away? Can't stand another day without you Without the feeling I once knew

I cry silently I cry inside of me I cry hopelessly 'Cause I know I'll never breathe your love again I cry 'cause you're not here with me I cry 'cause I'm lonely as can be I cry hopelessly 'Cause I know I'll never breathe your love again

If you could see me now You would know just how How hard I try not to wonder why I wish I could believe in something new Oh please somebody tell me it's not true (Oh girl) I'll never be over you

Why did I ever let you slip away? Can't stand another day without you Without the feeling, I once knew

If I could have you back tomorrow If I could lose the pain and sorrow I would do just anything To make you see, you still love me.

4. Why Do I Love You Suddenly she's leaving Suddenly the promise of love has gone Suddenly breathing seems so hard to do Carefully you planned it I got to know just a minute to late Oh girl now I understand it All the times we made love together Baby you were thinking of him

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Why do I love you? Don't even want to Why do I love you like I do? Like I always do You should've told me Why did you have to be untrue? Why do I love you like I do?

Ain't gonna show no weakness I'm gonna smile and tell the whole world I'm fine I'm gonna keep my senses But deep down when no one can hear me Baby I'll be crying for you

Can’t go back can’t erase Baby your smiling face oh no I can think of nothing else but you

5. I wanna grow old with you Another day without your smile Another day just passes by But now I know how much it means For you to stay right here with me The time we spent apart will make our love grow stronger But it hurts so bad I can't take it any longer I wanna grow old with you I wanna die lying in your arms I wanna grow old with you I wanna be looking in your eyes I wanna be there for you, sharing everything you do I wanna grow old with you

A thousand miles between us now It causes me to wonder how Our love tonight remains so strong It makes our risk right all along

Things can come and go I know but Baby I believe Something's burning strong between us makes it clear to me

6. Evergreen Eyes, like a sunrise like a rainfall down my soul And I wonder I wonder why you look at me like that What you're thinking what's behind Don't tell me but it feels like love

I'm gonna take this moment And make it last forever I'm gonna give my heart away and pray we'll stay together

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Cause you're the one good reason You're the only girl that I need Cause you're more beautiful than I have ever seen I'm gonna take this night and make it evergreen

Touch, like an angel like velvet to my skin And I wonder, I wonder why you wanna stay the night What you're dreaming what's behind Don't tell me but it feels like love

7. World of our Own You make me feel funny When you come around Yeah that's what I found out honey What am I doing without you? You make me feel happy When I leave you behind It plays on my mind now honey What am I doing without you? Oh, took for granted everything we had As if I'd find someone who's just like you

Oh, we got a little world of our own I'll tell you things that no one else knows I'll let you in where no one else goes What am I doing without you? And all the things I've been looking for Have always been here outside my door And all of the time I'm looking for something new What am I doing without you? What am I doing without you?

Well I guess I’m ready For settling down and fooling around is over And I swear its true no buts or maybe (but or maybe) When I’m falling down there’s always someone who saves me and girl it’s you Oh, funny how life can be so surprising I’m just realizing what you do

8. To be loved The song of a little bird The joy in three little words I know it's real That's how it feels to be loved by you The stars from a midnight sky The melody from a lullaby There's nothing real That I wouldn't steal to be loved by you To be loved by you

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA If everybody knows it's only 'cause it shows

A smile to put you on a high A kiss that sets your soul alight Would it be all right if I spent tonight Being loved by you Being loved by you If everybody knows it's only 'cause it shows

Your love is released And you move me with ease And you rescue me time after time Oh oh you give your all And you take it all in your stride Oh with all the power of a symphony That's how my heart beats when you’re holding me I can’t conceal, this is how it feels to be loved by you

I everybody knows it’s only ‘cause it shows Because I take your love, everywhere I go I know what it is I need, it’s clear as a shallow stream It’s as it seems, my only dreams to be loved by you

9. Drive It's easy to fool around it's harder to keep the faith But I wanna settle down no matter what it takes If I ever break your heart if I ever do you wrong I hope I never give you 'cause to doubt where you belong If a million miles were between us I'd want you to know

If I had to drive all day take that flight Across this ocean I'm coming home tonight Don't let it play on your mind 'Cause my devotion is for all time

Some people want it all some only want the fun But I'm here to let you know that I'm all about the love Some people let it show some people wait too long Well I'm gonna tell you now that you're always number one If a million miles were between us I'd want you to know

10. If your Heart’s not in it I'm missing you girl even though you're right here by my side Cause lately it seems The distance between us is growing too wide

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I'm so afraid that you're saying it's over The last thing that I wanna hear

But if your heart's not in it for real Please don't try to fake what you don't feel If love's already gone it's not fair to lead me on Cause I would give the whole world for you Anything you ask of me, I'd do But I won't ask you to stay I'd rather walk away If your heart's not in it

How I wish I could take us back in time But it’s gone too far now we can’t rewind (and there’s nothing that I can do to stop me losin’ you) I can’t make you change your mind

You say that you love me, But baby sometimes you're just saying the words If you've got somethin' to tell me Don't keep it inside Let it be heard I'm so afraid that you're saying it's over Girl I'll make it easy for you 11. When You come Around The day I was leaving I was feeling insecure I thought that I'd thrown away All of those days And what we had before And now I believe it After what you had to say I thought about every day In every way And this is what I'll say now baby You don't have to worry Cause everything's all right I know that you'll get me That you'll get me through the night

When you come around You know you pick me up when I'm feeling down And I want you to know baby how can I show Do I have to scream and shout When you come around You only have to smile and you knock me out But I'm here on the floor and I'm begging for more Baby that's what love's about

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA There's so many reasons Why our love is guaranteed So many reasons why I can't hide Just what you mean to me So say what you're thinking While you’re sitting next to me Let all your feeling show Just let me know Just how it’s meant to be now baby

12. Don’t say it’s Too late It doesn't take much to learn When the bridges that you burn Leave you stranded feeling alone It doesn't take much to cry When you're living in a lie And deceiving that someone who cares

If I could turn back the time I would put you first in my life

And I would risk it all for you To prove my love is true I'll build a wall around my heart That would only break a part for you Can change the way I feel So tell me what's the deal Don't say, don't say it's too late

And now the hills are getting hard to climb I'm runnin' out of time My decisions are pending on you And I will accept the blame For burnin' out the flame Hoping the story will twist once again

13. Don’t Let me go So much to say but where do I start Would you listen if I spoke from the heart It's simple things, that keep us apart You know it doesn't have to be this way Can't you hear it in my voice You gotta listen when I say

Don't let me go when I'm this low Why can't we talk about it Why can't we figure it out I want to know as people grow

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA How do they sort it all out Work out what love is about So tell me now yeah I've gotta know When this feeling I've got won't let go

Some people stop and some people stare I'm hearing whispers that you no longer care Should I stay should I turn away Stop playing games now you know it's not fair

You make me think I’ve got this feeling for you I’ve try so hard, won’t you listen to me? Cause we can make it we can see this through Let me start by telling you

14. Walk away Here we are Just a little older Time goes by But did I ever tell you why I want you so much It came to me when you were not around you'll always be The one to understand that's why I can't miss your touch All my life I waited for someone And all this time you were the one

So, if you want a man that is here to stay Swearing he's forever true I'll never walk away I'll never give up on you And if you want a love that will save the day No matter what you're going through I'll never walk away I'll never walk out on you

I've been a fool I didn't see behind the friend in you And baby don't you ask me why It just couldn't be love Cause from the start You would be the one to cure my heart But I just didn't look this way And now I can't get enough

And with a kiss you turned my world around

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The greatest rush rush of all was to be found, oh yeah You changed my whole life Coloured up the dark skies And this I promise you

15. Love crime I didn't know what to say I tried to look the other way When I saw you there with him Acting like I don't care But you can read from how I stare That I'm hurting deep inside But even though you look so good tonight I'll be fine But I know that for you To be here without me by your side It's a love crime Why you act so surprised I can tell from the guilt in your eyes It's a love crime to me Love has never been good to me Maybe it's just my destiny To live my life alone Who was I trying to fool Thinking our love would break the rule Still I'm standing on my own And even though you look so good tonight I'll be fine Here I am not knowing Tell me what to do But I know that for you

16. Imaginary Diva Late last night a had a dream and it was then I seen her She didn't need no diamond rings fancy cars Versace things to please her She's my perfect girl and I call her my imaginary diva Every girl she passes by just can't deny that they would love to be her All the guys comparing sizes tucking shirts and fixing ties to please her

She's my perfect girl Exclusive to my world No you can't get her She's my imaginary diva Shine on imaginary diva Shine on into this world Join us in our imagination Help yourself belive in all you have heard

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA All you have to do is close your eyes forget real life and fantasize Erase bad thoughts start to replace Create your own amazing place She's a real time girl in my imaginary world Take a good look at her

So listen up this so called classy ladies sipping fizz in VIP bars She could teach a thing or two To you, your outfit, attitude and visa

17. Angel Spend all your time waiting for that second chance For a break that Would make it okay There's always one reason to feel not good enough And it's hard at The end of the day I need some distraction Oh, beautiful release Memory seeps from my veins Let me be empty and weightless and maybe I'll find some peace tonight

In the arms of an angel Fly away from here From this dark cold hotel room And the endlessness That you fear You are pulled From the wreckage Of your silent reverie You're in the arms of the angel May you find some comfort there

So tired of the straight line And everywhere you turn There's vultures and thieves at your back And the storm keeps on twisting You keep on building the lie That you make up For all that you lack It don't make no difference escaping one last time It’s easier to believe in this sweet madness All this glorious sadness that brings me to my knees

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA