T E X A S PASSAGES Vol. V /No. l Winter/Spring 1990 The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio

The Computer and the Historian by Jack Reynolds

As we enter the 1990's, it is becoming increasingly difficult to imagine our society without computers. We encounter them, often unseen, when we book airline reservations, view movies with special effects, or open our gas and electric bills. The computer will very possibly exert as profound an impact on our civilization as did the printing press on the 16th century. Yet this is one tool that has largely eluded many historians, whether they function as educators or researchers. Until recently a major stumbling block for those who wished to make use of the tech­ nology was the problem of access; computers were prohibitively expensive, and they functioned with an intimidating language and logic. These restraints have loosened in recent years, as powerful microcomputers have become increasingly affordable and as the software that runs these devices has been revised to make it more comprehensible to the uninitiated. (continued) (continued from page 1) College teachers were much quicker to exploit the Unhappily, the computer is still seen by many histo­ computer's utility for word processing and for locating rians as an esoteric, alien, and often unwelcome device primary or secondary sources or various types of infor­ and college teachers have only partially adopted the tech: mation. Many university libraries, like those affiliated with nology. Yet the microcomputer is proving indispensable The University of Texas System, are replacing their card in opening up whole new fields of research. Today it pre­ catalogs with on-line terminals which can locate books sents us with an opportunity to refine how we study his­ using title, author, or subject. More and more indexes of tory and how we teach it in our schools and communities. books, articles, and primary sources are produced in machine-readable format, putting a wealth of materials at the researcher's fmgertips. "In the future we can expect The computer revolution is still in its early stages, and to see historians linked in a current usage on college campuses hardly begins to take nationwide system of electronic maximum advantage of computer capacity. College histo­ ry teachers have made relatively little use of the computer mail, sharing information, , , ," in the classroom, though more and more undergraduates are being exposed to the technology. Video disks, com­ bining the ready access of the computer with high-quality Few historians took much notice when colleges and graphics (charts and graphs, maps, illustrations, and even universities first acquired their mammoth computer motion pictures), promise to make the classroom a more facilities in the early 1960's. By the end of the decade, stimulating environment. In the future we can expect to however, a few pioneering "cliometricians;' as they were see historians linked in a nationwide system of electronic sometimes called, recognized the computer's potential for mail, sharing information and re\ iewing works in progress allowing them to analyze documents or data on a scale and fmished books or articles, perhaps eclipsing profes­ hitherto unimagined. Censuses, ship manifests, election sional publications. results, slave inventories, and baptismal records that might Outside of higher education, in the elementary and sec­ have required one or several lifetimes to compile and ?ndary ~rades , we have yet to see a comparable change study could now be processed with speed and accuracy. 111 teachmg about the past. Although students in grades With new sources to exploit, historians were soon posing K-12 generally are introduced to the computer early in new questions for their discipline: Just how common was different disciplines, they rarely encounter it in the social upward social mobility in the United States? Was slavery studies. Many teachers rightly complain that much of the still profitable on the eve of the Civil War? How do we existing software designed for history and related disci­ account for the decline in birth or death rates across the plines is of limited educational value. There are several 19th century? reasons why this is so. First, much of it is not produced The whole direction of historical enterprise since the by educators, but by programmers who have only the 1960's, which has seen a mushrooming interest in "social vaguest notion of what goes on in the classroom or what history" focusing on the lives of common people rather the educational goals or needs are. Second, the early than of the elite, made considerable use of the new tech­ computers that schools had available to them (Apple 2-E's, nology to study humans in the mass. Assisting historians most commonly) were too primitive to do anything very in this effort has been a proliferation of databases stored complex, such as manipulate a large body of data. Last at universities around the nation, where information can but not least, our schools have done an abysmal job in be almost instantly pulled off a tapf or disk and analyzed. assisting teachers to become acquainted with new tech­ The analysis of data is still a relatively arcane science nology. When a business acquires new equipment, it is among historians, entailing an understanding of probabil­ usually accompanied by training and support for the ity and statistics that few take time to master. Moreover, personnel expected to use it; school systems, by contrast, much of this work was done on main frame computers sink all their funds into hardware and expect teachers to that were not especially friendly: they spoke in a pro­ master it entirely on their own. grammer language that was hard for historians to speak In most cases, software for the social studies comes or decipher. The advent of microcomputers changed all in the form of simulations or games which require little this: these machines worked with software that more more understanding of the computer's workings than the nearly resembled English and offered menus that greatly average Nintendo game. These might quiz the user to assisted novices who wished to sort, sum, count, average, identify a historical frgure using a variety of clues ("He or identify various records. (con tinued)

Texas Passages is published qua~terly by The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio as an znformatlOn resource on subjects relatzng to Texas history and culture as well as current issues affecting the state. Comments and suggestIons concernzng thIs publzcatlOn should be directed to the News and Information Department, InstItute of Texan Cultures, P.O. Box 1226, San Antonio, Texas 78294, {512J 226-7651.

Editor: Dr. James C. McNutt, Director of Research and Collections

2 In this report you will read about the many activities, events, achievements, and awards of the Institute staff and volunteers during fiscal year 1988-1989. Their efforts are worthy of your notice. They worked hard and with dedication, and we are proud of, and thankful for, them. Their real value, however, is not reflected in mere statistics, but in the reaction of those whom the Institute has served during the year. For example, in a follow-up report to Bonnie Truax, Director of Educational Programs, a teacher who attended the Institute's 1989 teachers' workshop recently wrote: "When I began teaching four years ago, I went into the classroom with a vision for myself and my students. The vision was then unfocused and blurred by the stream of worksheets that teachers can so easily fall into. Your workshop saved me and my students. Since studying with you, I am now teaching the way I always knew in my heart I should teach. Thank you so much," These thoughts have been echoed many times, in many ways, during the Institute's existence, and they clearly indicate its value to the people of Texas. Even so, too few Texans are reached. My goal is to raise that number, and so, during this year, plans were developed to substantially expand our reach. With your support, these plans will become reality in the coming years.

) .... John McGiffert Executive Director J \- TEXAS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW

In 1988-1989 The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio offered educational opportunities to people from all over the world as it met its legislative charge to be "a center concerned with subjects relating to the history and culture of the people of Texas:' As a statewide learning and communication center, the Institute brings the story of Texas to life for everyone to enjoy. Through its special events, exhibits, research, educational programs, and products, the Institute celebrates the colorful multicultural heritage of our great state and is one of its most unusual and precious assets. It is the conscious link between the Texas of yesterday and today. And it is the educational resource of tomorrow.

VISITATION AND OUTREACH

This year the Institute of Texan Cultures shared the state's heritage with 348,408 visitors. This figure is down 8% from the previous fiscal year and is partially attributable to the renovation closure during January and February. School Tours ...... 61 ,170 Adult Tours ...... 23,157 General Public ...... 108,075 Special Events ...... 37,881 Texas Folklife Festival (including participants) ...... 118,125 However, thanks to the Institute's volunteer force - the Alliance, our own staff, and the state­ wide Ambassador program, educational programs were taken to 77,680 people in schools and commu­ nities throughout Texas. This was a 37% increase over the previous year.

Outreach to Communities (adult groups) .. 8,029 Outreach to Schools ...... 69,651

2 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

Just what is a Texan? .. . This year the Educational from UTSA were trained by Educational Programs Programs staff continued to answer this "Texas-size" staff members to use the ITC exhibit floor in prepar­ question and teach the history of our great state and ing for fieldwork responsibility in model schools. its many cultures to visitors and students alike. Plans were completed for a session of training for 4th grade teachers at The University of Texas at EI Paso in 1990. Social studies coordinators in the three largest EI Paso school districts will support the project by paying expenses for six teachers from each district for this first year of the project. Other participants will come from smaller school districts and private schools. The workshops in San Antonio filled quickly and turned away many applicants at both 4th and 7th grade sessions. Teachers continue to respond to questionnaires with great enthusiasm for the content and methods learned from the Insti­ tute on Texas History and Culture workshops. With the valuable support of our volunteers, the outreach program to communities has increased dra­ matically. Volunteers took Tex-Kits to many schools in Bexar County and around the state. Educational Specialists appeared on TI-IN (interactive education­ al television) and gave presentations at many local Ethnomusicologist Jim Fox performed folk music dur­ schools and organizations. ing exhibit floor hours and also participated in The Educational Programs staff orchestrated sev­ outreach programs. eral special events during 1989. Spooky Sunday in On the exhibit floor, out on the "Back 40;' October, Celebrate Texans in February, and Pioneer through outreach programs, and in special public Sunday in May attracted thousands of visitors to programming, more than 300 docents assisted as the Institute. Texas students from preschool to college took part in projects and tours designed to extend and rein­ force classroom instruction. In addition to regular tours, the "Back 40" saw an increase in attendance by large groups (400 or more) of 7th grade students. Many of the teachers bringing these students are past participants of teacher workshops. This summer the "Back 40" was again open to the public from 11 to 3 every day in June and July. Historic interpretation was augmented by activities designed to broaden knowledge of the lifestyle of the people who settled Texas. Many children and adults practiced writing with quill pens in the one­ room schoolhouse. Others made clay animals or strung buttons on strings and practiced with these old-time toys. For the first time, the new adobe structure was used for summer interpretations. Cindi Gonzales built the horno and gave a baking demonstration for Folklife Festival. Teacher training continued to be a major endeav­ or for the Educational Programs staff and included local and out-of-town advanced academic training Cindi Gonzales demonstrated adobe-brick making for the 1989 teachers' workshop. and in-service training sessions. Teacher candidates

3 RESEARCH AND COLLECTIONS

The Research and Collections Department was actively involved in about 50 projects throughout the year. Institute research attempts to maintain and in­ crease available information about the history of established ethnic and cultural communities across the state and to learn more about the new and evolving communities. More emphasis is now being placed on conducting new research on recent immigrants, for example, the Vietnamese. The ultimate aim of the research is to further public knowledge about ethnic and cultural com­ munities in Texas. Making photographs available from the Institute's collections is one important means of accomplishing this. Through publications, audiovisuals, and scholarly programs, Institute research also reaches a variety of audiences. Special The City of San Antonio proclaimed Johnny Banks exhibits sponsored by the Institute make the resour­ Day as Executiv e Director John R. McGiffert presented ces and collections of other institutions more acces­ Mrs. Banks with a proclamation from the Mayor. sible as well. for the ITC collection. The Alamo Area Council of RESEARCH PROJECTS Governments and the Karnes County Historical Commission assisted in the program. Some of the many projects in research during 1988-1989 include- Tom Shelton completed the initial cataloging of the Zintgraff Collection, and new cold-storage facilities New Publications: The Indian Texans for the photo collection were completed. The Lebanese and the Syrian Texans Audiovisuals: From the Ground Up : West Texas STAFF PUBLICA nONS Adobe videotape Dr. Jerry Poyo coauthored, with Dr. Gilberto M. Programs: Tejanos and Rebellion in Texas, Hinojosa of UTSA, an article, "Spanish Texas and 1770-1836 (symposium, March 11) Borderlands Historiography in Transition: Implica­ tions for United States History;' Journal of American Bowie Street Blues (April 23) History 75:2 (Sept. 1988). Jerry also published a Remembering Johnny Banks (April 30) book, "With All, and for the Good of All": The Traveling Exhibits: The Houston Riot and Court­ Emergence of Popular Nationalism in the Cuban Martial of 1917 (Research for this exhibit was Communities of the United States, 1848-1898 (Dur­ contributed in cooperation with the Carver ham: Duke University Press, 1989). Community Center.) Dr. Thomas Guderjan coauthored The Indian The 18th Century Origins of the T ejano Commu­ Texans pamphlet with Carol Canty. He also pub­ nity of San Antonio lished several articles, including "Maya Maritime Trade and Sources of Obsidian at San Juan, Amber­ Oral History: In March Esther MacMillan received gris Cay, ,Belize;' Journal of Field Archaeology an Award of Merit in the J.c. Penney Golden Rule 16:3:363-69 (with James F. Garber et a1.) , and "An Awards Cultural Category for her volunteer effort Archaeological Reconnaissance in Northwestern in managing and sustaining the Institute's Oral His­ Belize;' MexIcon 11:4:65-68. tory Program. During the year, in addition to her regular work, she also produced an index to the LECTURES AND OTHER PRESENT A nONS Institute's oral history project, "Small Town Texas:' Members of the Research Department made pre­ The Photo Collection: Karnes City Photo Heritage sentations at meetings of the International Confer­ Day was May 18, and ITC staff members traveled ence of Museums, the American Folklore Society, to that town to present a special Photo Day at the the American Studies Association, the Southwestern public library and to copy additional photographs Conference on Latin American Studies, the South

4 Texas Archaeological Association, the Texas Asso­ Al Lowman ciation of Museums, the Texas Folklore Society, the President of the Texas Folklore Society and a Texas State Historical Association, the Western His­ board member of the Texas Humanities Alliance tory Association, the American Association for and of the Texas Center for the Book State and Local History, and the Society for Ameri­ Patrick McGuire can Archaeology. serves on the State Capitol Collections Advisory Committee INTERN PROGRAM Dr. Gerald Poyo Interns and former interns were directly involved completed a Fulbright Fellowship to Argentina in in the production of the West Texas Adobe video­ October 1988 tape (Michael Stone and Tim Davis), the Texas Fibers and Fabrics Exhibit/Interpretive Area (Jane Parker)' and the Texas Folklife Festival.

HONORS AND AWARDS Dr. James McNutt Director of the Texas Folklore Society Susan Harwell Board member of the Texas Association of Museums Curators' Affinity Group and a Member­ at-Large of the TAM Council

Entrance to the Circle "R" Guest Ranch near Medina, Texas (Zintgraff Collection)

RESEARCH IN PROGRESS The Research Department provides the content for the Institute's productions, including publica­ tions, exhibits, educational activities on the "Back 40;' and audiovisuals. Currently the Research De­ partment is working on these major projects: Vietnamese in Texas, 1975-1988 Dog-trots in East Texas Spanish Colonial Period Various archaeological sites Alabama-Coushatta Indians Shelby County of East Texas Italian Texans Carl Hertzog, printer Hungarian Texans

Exhibit floor projects included a new histowall with revised exhibit in the Swedish area and a new exhibit on Texas fibers and fabrics with a spinning and weaving interpretive area. Muralist George Nelson continued his work on the murals in the Indian-Texan exhibit area, while the German area was refurbished and the Greek area revised. Artist George Nelson put the finishing touches on the final Indian mural, depicting a Lipan Apache village.

5

-- , Tony Lott posed next to his portrait and told visitors about a day in the life of a cowboy during the Cryin' for Daylight exhibit at the Texas Folklife Festival.

SPECIAL EXHIBITS

During 1988-1989 the Institute presented nine special exhibits in its galleries, in addition to creat­ ing or refurbishing five ethnic displays on the ex­ hibit floor. Special exhibits included: Ofrenda , El Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead Altar) The Art of Asking: Altars and Yard Shrines in the Texas-Mexican Community August 30-0ctober 16 Sweden and America, 1638-1988: A History Celebrated October 2S-December 11 The Civilian Conservation Corps and Texas State Parks February 14-March 9 Seize the Moment: Selected Photographs from the Collection, 1989 February 14-April 2 VIA Children's Poster Exhibit May 16-May 28 Black History I Black Vision: The Visionary Image in Texas April 11-June 11 Cryin' for Daylight Dr. August Herff and his sister, Victoria Herff Heard, stand next to the Seize the Moment title photo in June 20-September 30 which Dr. Herff appears and which Mrs. Heard photographed in 1911.

6 SPECIAL EVENTS

The Institute presented a variety of special events in fiscal year 1988-1989, including exhibit openings; lectures; workshops; and dramatic, ethnic, and musical presentations. In its 18 years the Texas Folklife Festival has become a Texas tradition. The Institute's largest learning event was enjoyed by 118,215 visitors, par­ ticipants, and volunteers. The Festival continues to thrive and provide Texans with a special place to celebrate their customs, foods, and crafts. Other special events that attracted thousands of visitors to the Institute included Pioneer Sunday on the "Back 40"; a Halloween Spooky Sunday; a post­ remodeling event, Celebrate Texans; Bowie Street Blues during Fiesta; the Grand Prix during Labor Day Weekend; the T ejanos and Rebellion in Texas symposium; the opening of Black History, Black Vision; the panel discussion and lecture, Remem­ bering Johnny Banks; and the Winter Holiday Festi­ val, to name only a few. The Special Events Department coordinated many events, including lecture luncheons, seminars, continuing education classes, public hearings, senior citizens' meetings, teleconferences, U.S. Department of Immigration naturalization ceremonies, Bexar County Historical Commission meetings, Girl Scout This little pumpkin had a good time decorating her jack-o'-lantern during the Hc.lloween festivities on badge workshops, Graduate Builders' conferences, Spooky Sunday. ethnic group meetings, teachers' classes, and rentals of the exhibit floor for special parties.

HERITAGE TOURS

During 1988-1989 the Institute hosted six Heri­ The Independence Trail, April 7-8 tage Tours to various interesting historical sites This two-day tour explored the German heritage around the state. of Central Texas and followed the Texas Indepen­ Castroville and Kerrville, October 22 dence Trail. Henkle Square, Winedale, Washington­ This trip visited the Landmark Inn in Castro­ on-the-Brazos, Independence, Chappell Hill, and ville and included a walking tour of the town and Brenham were among the stops. lunch at the Alsatian restaurant. In Kerrville the Fredericksburg and Enchanted Rock, March 27 Cowboy Artists of America Museum, the Hill Coun­ This tour journeyed north to Fredericksburg and try Museum, and the restored Victorian mansion of visited the Nimitz Museum, then continued on to Alsatian pioneer Captain Charles Schreiner were Enchanted Rock, where adventurous souls among visited by the tour participants. the group climbed to the top. Afterward, a delight­ Fredericksburg, December 10 fulluncheon was served at Jim Doyle's Ranch, where The "Kristkindl Markt," a re-creation of a cen­ everyone enjoyed the spectacular scenery. turies-old German tradition, and the Gillespie Coun­ The Ramses II Exhibit in Dallas, June 6 ty Historical Society's Candlelight Tour of Homes Institute Research Associate Dr. Thomas Guder­ were the features of this tour. jan led this trip to the Ramses II exhibit in Dallas Austin, February 25 and delivered a pretour lecture. This was an exciting visit to the capitol complex and other sites and museums within the Austin area.

7

• 1 DEVELOPMENT

The Development Program matches institutional Antonio Area Council of English Teachers, and needs with potential donors' interests to produce various individuals. partnerships. From these flow donations for proj­ The Phillip Morris Management Corporation ects, programs, products, an expanded support base, provided $12,300 to match funds previously given and the opportunity for hundreds of Texans annu­ by a member of the Development Board and her ally to participate in the Institutes accomplishments. husband, for the Institute on Texas History and Cul­ As part of The University of Texas System, the ture, our annual teachers' training program. Institute receives appropriated funds. Tax monies, SPECIAL EVENTS however, pay only for some 70 % of its salaries, 95 % Funds received for special events and projects in­ of utilities and building and grounds maintenance, cluded AT&T sponsorship of the Celebrate Texans and only about 5% of programs and projects costs. exhibit opening ($3,000), the Halo Distributing The Institute must raise and earn more than half of Company underwriting of the Bowie Street Blues its annual operating budget. Gifts, grants, and dona­ concert and poster ($5,400), and $973 donated for tions are therefore a vital revenue source for many the Winter Holiday Festival and other special events Institute programs and projects which would not by H.E.B. Grocery Co., San Antonio Shoes, Inc., La otherwise be possible. Quinta Motor Inns, St. Stephen's Church, the Bexar RECORD CASH DONAnONS County 4H Council, and several individuals. Monetary donations supporting Institute pro­ For the second consecutive year, the Institute and grams and projects totaled $383,012 for the year, the Rotary Club of San Antonio leased shaded areas the highest figure in the Institute's history. They in­ on the Bowie Street berm for viewing of the Labor cluded Associate Membership revenue of $39,165, Day Weekend Grand Prix. The berm rental and food the highest in five years. The value of noncash gifts­ and beverage concessions provided on the grounds in-kind was $59,154, bringing the grand total to for race spectators netted more than $14,000 each $442,166. That amount was second only to last for Institute programs and Rotary charities. At the year's grand total, which was bolstered by the value end of the fiscal year, arrangements were far along of two large gifts of historical photographs. for similar activities in September 1989. CUL TURAL HERITAGE ENDOWMENT HUNGARIAN TEXANS The largest gift in Institute history, a $177,953 The Hungarian Texans project, which will fea­ grant from the Edwina and 0. Scott Petty Charitable ture a book and an exhibit on the Institute's main Trust of the San Antonio Area Foundation, was exhibit floor, was assisted by $10,582 in grants and received to establish a permanent endowment to gifts from the Texas Committee for the Humanities augment the Institute's fund base. Upon approval the Minnie S. Piper Foundation, the San Antoni~ by the Board of Regents of The University of Texas Hungarian Association, the Houghton Miffiin Com­ System, the Cultural Heritage Endowment will be pany, and an anonymous donor. A Hungarian dul­ established. Interest from the endowment will un­ cimer, valued at $4,500, was donated by a member derwrite research, educational programming, pub­ of the Institute's Advisory Board. lishing of books, construction of static and traveling OTHER RESEARCH AND LIBRARY PROJECTS exhibits, and other programs, projects, and services The Amy Shelton McNutt Trust granted $2,000 of the Institute. Three individual gifts totaling $1 ,150 in honor of Mr. Stewart e. Johnson, a member of for the endowment were also received. the Institute's Development Board. These funds were ALLIANCE ENDOWMENT / earmarked for library microfilming projects. The EDUCA nONAL OPERA nONS American Association of State and Local History . The Alliance Endowment, which supports Vol­ granted $2,500 for research on Vietnamese in Texas, unteer Programs, received 23 donations totaling the J.e. Penney Company provided $500 for the $445. More than $6,000 went to support Educational Oral History Program, and the City of San Antonio, Operations, the gifts ranging from $3.50 to $5,000 through its arts and cultural program, gave $5,670 received from USAA for educational programming for Tejano and historical photograph projects. on the "Back 40 :' Donations came from USAA, the USAA provided a generous gift of $20,000 for a dog­ Academy for Educational Development, the Girl trot log cabin, which will be constructed on the Scouts, several schools and school districts, the San "Back 40:'

8 Memorial and remembrance donations are used ($10,000) sponsored by PacifiCare Insurance, VIA, primarily to buy books for the Institute's Research radio station KKYX, and the San Antonio Light; Library. The Texas State Historical Association beverages ($3,000) from the Coca Cola Bottling Co.; ($150) and 24 individuals gave $715 to that fund. flour and corn meal ($600) from Pioneer Hour Mills; animal pens, gates, and tanks from Kallison's Farm PUBLICA nONS & Ranch; pagers provided by Metric Media Paging Institute publications were supported by Services ($365); and pens, rubber bands, and other $15,535, including $6,000 from the Scurlock foun­ materials ($820) from San Antonio Savings. dation for the recently published Texans: A Story Refreshments and beverages valued at $5,380 of Texan Cultures for Young People, $6,000 from the were donated by Halo Distributing, Mission City University of Texas Chancellor's Council, $2,000 Beverage, Crain Distributing, GLI Distributing, Van from the Amy Shelton McNutt Trust in honor of de Walle Farms, Karam's Mexican Restaurant, Cater­ Stewart Johnson, and $1,000 from a local business­ ing By Rosemary, West Coast Produce, Royal Street man for a forthcoming revision of The Texas Crossing, Mission Ice, and the Menger Hotel. Rangers book. Paper products, straws, towels, napkins, invita­ The Spanish Ministry of Culture donated $1,600 tion printing, poster framing, and other goods and to help publish a name index to the Bexar Archives, services were given by the Christopher Columbus and the Japan America Society of El Paso sent $60 Society, Fabric Warehouse, Travis Wholesale Flor­ to help defray publishing costs of The Japanese ists, the Texas Highway Department, Nancy Harkins Texans pamphlet. Husband-and-wife members of Stationer, Newell Salvage, Art Incorporated, Lone the Institute's Development and Advisory Boards Star Printing Co., and Century Paper Company. gave $2,875 to print The Indian Texans pamphlet. OTHER GIFTS-IN-KIND HERTZOG AND JAIL ART PROJECTS Donated artifacts and other objects included two The Robert E. and Evelyn McKee Foundation flags from the German Consul General, a chrono­ and the Eugene McDermott Foundation donated meter and barometer, a $1,400 replica of a pumping $2,000 and $1,000 respectively in support of the Carl unit from the Fina Oil & Chemical Co., dental Hertzog project, which will document the life and equipment, and a pot, pitcher, and iron planter. works of the famous Texas printer. Two individuals Advertising-related gifts amounted to $10,840, gave $600 toward a program to display art taken consisting of billboard display space from Reagan from the walls of the old Bexar County Jail. Outdoor Advertising ($9,450), an advertisement in NANO BALL FUND Our Kids Magazine sponsored by H.E.B. Grocery AND THE TEXAS FOLKLIFE FESnVAL Co. ($440), and an advertising balloon provided by the Skyview Company ($950). The Nano Ball Pioneer Area Fund, which will support educational programs in the Institute's "Back UNRESTRICTED GIFTS 40" outdoor display area, grew by $365. The goal The Houston Endowment, Inc., gave $20,000; is to expand the fund into a permanent endowment. H.E.B. Grocery Co., $1,000; and Development Dollar gifts ranging from $5 from a constituent Board members and other individuals, Wray Chari­ in Phoenix, Arizona, to $10,000 from a local corpor­ table Trust, Roland and Jane Blumberg Foundation, ation to publish the Folklife Festival Visitor's Guide Tesoro Petroleum, and Chevron U.S.A., Inc., match­ amounted to $12,160 in cash for the Festival and an ing funds rounded out the total of $25,050 in discre­ additional $37,773 in gifts-in-kind. These included tionary funds. salt pork and lard ($30) from the Roegelein Provision FOR INFORMATION Co.; coal and steel for the blacksmith's demonstra­ tions ($500) from Alamo Iron Works; the TFF poster For further information about the Development reception sponsored by the Marriot Riverwalk Hotel Program, the various needs of the Institute, and how ($4,000); drinking water ($3,700) dispensed at the you can help, please contact the Development Festival by Utopia Water Co.; groceries ($350) from Office, (512) 226-7651, Ext. 234, or write: Gordon Southtex; and beef and beef fat ($200) from The Institute of Texan Cultures H.E.B. Grocery Co. P.o. Box 1226 Other major gifts-in-kind included H.B. Zachry San Antonio, Texas 78294 Co. electricians ($6,325); a safe-ride-home program

9 PUBLICATIONS AND AUDIOVISUALS

During 1988-1989 the Institute sold 9,489 copies munication center whose mandate is to help Texans of its various publications, 1,277 posters, 499 film­ better understand and appreciate their differences strips, and 731 slide shows and videos. and the elements that tie them together. A shorter The Institute's latest publication is The Indian version of this video has been specially adapted to Texans pamphlet written by staff member Dr. aid in fund-raising efforts. Thomas Guderjan and his associate Carol Canty. Echoes of the Past: The Cowboy Poetry of Mel­ It is a newly researched edition, which traces the vin Whipple, a cassette recording of original poems history of Native American groups that lived in recited by working Texas cowboy Melvin Whipple, Texas from 12,000 years ago up to the present day. was selected as Outstanding Folk Recording by the A revision of The Lebanese Texans and the Syrian American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. Texans pamphlet by staff member James Patrick McGuire also was published. This informative study traces the history of these Arabic-speaking immigrants from their arrival in Texas about 1880. The newest video production, From the Ground Up, is a 27-minute VHS which explores the tradi­ tions and lifestyles of many Mexican-American families living along the West Texas border, who, through changing times, still choose adobe for their housing. This production explores the warmth and cultural richness of living within adobe walls and j i is part of the Institute's adobe project, directed by Dr. James C. McNutt, which includes the replication II of a late 19th century adobe dwelling on the "Back , 40:' Also new this year is The Texas Story: Theirs I to Tell, Ours to Share. This video was produced to provide our ambassadors or anyone representing the Institute with a concise orientation. It illustrates the part ITC plays as a research, education, and com- Interior of adobe dwelling, West Texas , 1989

I TRA VELING EXHIBITS I

I The Institute reached thousands of people in 53 In fiscal year 1988-1989 the 28 traveling exhibits cities across Texas and in Florida through 166 book- produced by the Institute visited these cities: ings of traveling exhibits; . . Alief Greenville Seguin Over a quarter of a million people saw Institute Angleton Houston • Spring ,I Arlington Huntsville Stafford traveling exhibits during 1988-1989. Of these, 55,000 Austin Kerrville Terrell were schoolchildren in elementary, middle, and high Bay City La Marque Texas City schools. Museums and historical centers throughout Bellaire League City Tyler Brenham Leander Uvalde Texas displayed ITC traveling exhibits to more than Brownsville Longview Victoria 38,000 visitors, while colleges and libraries exhibited Brownwood Lubbock Waco them to an additional 30,000 people. These exhibits Carrollton Lufkin Wichita Falls Conroe McAllen reached almost 68,000 people in shopping malls, Corpus· Christi ' Mesquite chambers of commerce, and city halls; .banksdis­ . Crockett Palestine played them to another 7,000. New traveling exhibits Crowley Plano Dallas Port Arthur include The 18th Century Origins of the Tejano Edna Port Lavaca Community of San Antonio and a mini-traveling Farmers Branch Quinlan trunk, One-Room Schoolhouse. Freeport Richmond Ft. Bliss Rockdale One of our exhibits, Treasure, People, Ships, Ft. Worth Round Rock and Dreams spent several months on display in Goliad San Angelo Pensacola, Florida.

10 VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS

The Alliance and the Ambassadors are volun­ others. For the third year Ambassadors continued teer forces that bring to life Texas history and cul­ to support the "Small Town Texas" oral history ture within the Institute and throughout the state. project by identifying interview subjects and provid­ ing lodging and meals for the traveling interviewers. ALLIANCE Almost 150 interviews have now been completed or are in progress. The Alliance continued to be one of the most Ambassadors distributed over 25,500 pieces of successful volunteer organizations in Texas. Manag­ I Institute and Texas Folklife Festival promotional ma­ ers of volunteers from the Houston Museum of ~ terials throughout the state, clipped newspaper and Natural Sciences and the Valentine Museum in Rich­ magazine articles for our research files, donated mond, Virginia, visited the Institute to study our program in order to assist them in revitalizing theirs. books and other documents, helped coordinate Her­ itage Tours, and identified new participants for the The Sam Houston Memorial Museum of Huntsville, 1989 Texas Folklife Festival. the statewide organization of Food Banks, and the The first Community Tex-Kit Workshop, held in Texas Parks and Recreation organization requested January, was attended by 16 Ambassadors, who Alliance staff presentations concerning the effective learned how to conduct research and gather artifacts management of volunteers. St. Mark's Episcopal to assemble Tex-Kits unique to the history of their Church, a historic San Antonio landmark, asked for individual communities. assistance in establishing a docent program and The annual Ambassador Appreciation was held training for new volunteers. The Institute volunteers made many of our pro­ in May, and 32 were present as all 199 members grams possible. They worked behind the scenes, on were honored for their efforts. The attendees then the exhibit floor, on the "Back 40;' and at schools participated in workshop sessions for the remainder of the day. and organizations throughout Bexar County and the state. Volunteers assisted in the Development, News and Information, and Research departments. They cataloged photo negatives, updated library files, pro­ vided tours, and interpreted special areas on the exhibit floor. They contributed to the success of many special events, including the Texas Folklife Festival, where more than 300 Alliance members and 30 junior docents filled numerous critical positions. Training sessions on a number of exhibits were conducted for the volunteers throughout the year. The primary docent training, held 12 mornings in September and October, qualified 32 people to be­ come new members. The weekend docent training in March graduated an additional 21 volunteers. During 1988-1989 more than 400 volunteers do­ nated 47,356 hours. This is the fourth consecutive year in which they have given more than 45,000 hours - a truly remarkable achievement.

AMBASSADORS

The 199 Ambassadors continued as vital links between the Institute and its statewide constituency by representing us in various ways within our com­ munities. More than 9,000 students and adults benefited from Tex-Kit presentations given by a Docent Dave Jones interprets different aspects of cow­ number of Ambassadors, and thousands of State boy life to a group of students out a ll the "Back -l0." Fair visitors learned about the Institute through the craft demonstrations and public relations work of

11 PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PROMOTIONS

During 1988-1989 the Departments of News and ITC services and products, such as the new Texans: Information and Marketing continued to apply pub­ The Story of Texan Cultures for Young People. lic relations and promotional concepts effectively to Survey research conducted by student interns reach our many and varied audiences. and staff during various events provided valuable The News and Information Department provid­ information about ITC visitors. In addition, the ed support for virtually every exhibit, special event, Marketing Department directed souvenir and poster public program, reception, and activity, including promotions during the Festival, where record sales the Texas Folklife Festival, throughout the year. This closed out the fiscal year! support was composed of press releases, fact sheets, calendar information, public mailers, and active relations with local, state, and regional media. The success of Institute activities, as measured by media coverage and attendance, reflects the contribution of this department. The Department of Marketing continued in its commitment to optimum promotion of Institute endeavors and in its charge to inform various publics of available services and products. Attendance at educational conferences and seminars promoted publications and services to specific users such as schools and libraries. This effort was expanded at the State Fair in Dallas. Other promotion included public service adver­ tising and book listings in various catalogs, as well John McGiffert honors UTSA President and Mrs. as distribution of our own catalog, which featured Jam es W Wagener with a certificate of appreciation.

PERSONNEL AND PHYSICAL PLANT

Staff members and volunteers continued to pro­ Seven of the evening events included more than SOO vide dedicated and enthusiastic support for all In­ people in attendance. Also, the audiovisual staff pro­ stitute functions and activities. jected the Faces and Places of Texas to audiences in During 1989 a new insurance carrier assumed the the Dome Theater more than 2,000 times! responsibility for administering the employee benefit plan, and a new program was introduced to provide tax savings for employees on personal funds spent for medical costs. A number of major renovation projects were ac­ . I complished in the building throughout the year. A large conference center and classroom complex with state-of-the-art audiovisual equipment was com­ pleted on the upper level of the building. Other projects included installation of a larger temperature- and humidity-controlled photo storage facility, upgrading of the fire alarm system, and in­ stallation of top-quality carpeting in all public areas. Physical Plant staff erected all shade, electrical wiring, booths, and staging for the Texas Folklife Festival and the annual Grand Prix. In addition, the custodial staff and other plant personnel supported The Dome Theater on the exhibit floor contains 210 722 daytime functions and 97 major evening events. screens and is the only one of its kind in the U.S.

12 PRODUCTION SERVICES

The Production Department produces the ex­ hibits, publications, and audiovisuals initiated in the other Institute departments. The Production team is composed of skilled pro­ fessionals in exhibit and publication design and pro­ duction: designers, ~binetmakers, photographers, silk screener, editor, typesetter, printer, audiovisual specialists, and exhibit installers. In addition to In­ stitute projects, in fiscal year 1988-1989, they de­ signed and produced all display furniture, text pan­ els, labels, etc., for the new Texas Maritime Museum in Rockport, as well as the traveling exhibits His­ panic West Texas for Texas Tech University and Texas Rural Women for Texas A&M University, an exhibit for The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, an exhibit for the City of San Antonio to display in Kumamoto, Japan, and signage for LBJ State Park and Amistad Lake State Park. The editor and typesetter prepared the manuscript of The Bexar Junior Galvan, Exhibit Installation Supervisor, wet­ Archives (1717-1836), which was a cooperative pub­ mounts photos for one of several exhibits produced during the year. lication with the University of Texas Press.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY 1988-89

REVENUE EXPENDITURES 2.000.000 REVENUE A State 1,800,000 Appropriations $1 ,840,823 40.28% $2,283,367 49.65% 1,600,000 B Local Income $183,990 4.03 % 1.400,000 1,200,000 Sales and C $360,134 7.88 % $538,497 11.71 % 1,000,000 Services 800,000 Folklife Festival, 600,000 400,000 D Store, Parking $1,673,877 36.63 % $1 ,586,728 34.50 % Facilities 200,000 0 E Public and Private A D E F G Voluntary Giving $383,012 8.38 % $157,917 3.43 %

F Interest Income $88,590 1.94% 2.400,000 2,200,000 G Endowment $39,079 0.86% $32,757 0.71 % 2,000,000 EXPENDITURES Income 1,800,000 1,600,000 Total Current 1, 400,000 Revenues / $4,569,505 100.00 % $4,599,266 100.00 % 1,200,000 Expenditures 1,000,000 800,000 Expenditures Greater than Revenue ($29,761) 600,000 400,000 200,000 a A B C E F G

13

. I SENIOR STAFF

Dr. Hans Mark Col. (USAF ret.) Hubert C. Moore Mr. Jerry Kusenberger Chancellor, The University Director of Development Director of Physical Plant of Texas System Mrs. Berneice E. "Bonnie" Truax Mr. David P. Haynes Dr. James w. Wagener Director of Educational Programs Director of Production President, The University of Texas Mr. Robert B. Fitts Dr. James C. McNutt at San Antonio Director of Fabrication Director of Research and Collections Lt. Gen. (USA ret.) John R. McGiffert Mr. William H. Austin Ms. Jo Ann Andera Executive Director Ms. Janie L. Denton, effect. 7/ 89 Director of Special Events/ Mr. Robert G. Brodeur Director of Marketing Texas Folklife Festival Business Manager Mrs. Jocelyn M. Eckerman Mrs. Sally J. Wiskemann Mr. Arthur M. Bernstein Director of News and Information Director of Volunteer Programs Chief, Institute Police Col. (USA ret.) William D. Wooldridge Ms. Leslie K. Burns Director of Personnel Director of Audiovisual Productions

THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM

Top. left to right: Tom Loeffler. Robert 1. Cruikshank, Ja ck S. Blanton. Mario E. Ramirez. M.D. . Shannon H. Ratliff. WA. "Tex" Moncrief Jr. ; bottom: Sam Barshop. Louis A. Beecherl Jr. , Bill Roden

OFFICERS MEMBERS Louis A. Beecher! Jr. , Chairman Shannon H. Ratliff Sam Barshop, Vice-Chairman WA. :'Tex" Moncrief Jr. Bill Roden, Vice-Chairman Tom Loeffler Arthur H. Dilly, Executive Secretary Robert J. Cruikshank Mario E. Ramirez, M.D. Jack S. Blanton

14 J DEVELOPMENT BOARD ADVISORY BOARD Mr. and Mrs. Bob Brinkerhoff Mr. Rennie Guenther Members of the Development Board re­ Members of the Advisory Board assist Houston New Braunfels view Institute programs in need of funding and advise the Executive Director concerning Mr. and Mrs . Jean W. Brown Mr. and Mrs. William T. Gunn Houston Austin to assist in identifying sources of funds, gifts, overall functions and operations. and in-kind services, and assist in solicitation Mrs. Randy Brown Ms. Susan Gutierrez-Gomez Mrs. Raye Virginia Allen Greenville Driscoll of funds from foundations, corporations, and Washington, D.c. Mrs. Mattie Duckens Browne Mrs. James J. Haag Jr. individuals. Development Board members Temple Mr. Michael J. Balint Llano also aid in membership drives in their com­ San Antonio Mrs. Lawrence L. Bruhl Mr. Dwight W. Hall munities for the Associates Program. Llano Lindale Mr. Z.D. Bonner Mr. and Mrs . Doyle Bryant Mrs. Joe C. Hanna Mrs. Claudia Abbey Ball Austin Texas City Breckenridge Comstock and San Antonio Mrs. Ann Brinkerhoff Dr. Rita S. Bryant Mr. David L. Hartman Mr. Bob Brinkerhoff Houston Tyler Beaumont Houston Mrs. Dolph Briscoe Mrs. Robert G. Campbell Mr. Shaun M. Heavey Uvalde South Padre Island Alto Mr. Jean William Brown Mrs. Joseph A. Chambless Mrs. Jack Hedge Houston Miss Catherine N. Cooke San Antonio Beeville Lake Dallas Mr. Carlos Chavez Mr. Ernest Herron Jr. Mr. J.P. Bryan Jr. Mrs. Dorothy Doyle Houston EI Paso Santo Fredericksburg Mr. Atlan M. Citzler Mr. and Mrs. James Hi ckman Mr. Robert A. Buschman Mr. Gerry Doyle La Grange Uvalde San Antonio Beaumont Mr. Bill Clark Mr. and Mrs. Delmar Hiller Mr. James T. Doyle Mr. Howard Gutin Nacogdoches Hunt Fredericksburg San Antonio Mrs. Glenn Coates Mr. and Mrs. David E. Hoard Floresville Wichita Falls Lt. Col. (ret.) George Ensley Mr. Clyde Johnson Jr. San Antonio Mrs. Jim Copeland Mrs. Franklin Hoerster San Antonio Ballinger Mason Mr. Jack R. Maguire Ms. Rose M. Crowell Mr. Jerry Hogue Dr. Sterling H. Fly Jr. Fredericksburg Uvalde Bandera Floresville Mrs. Judy Newton Mr. Enrique De la Garza Mr. Eddie Holland Mr. Alex H. Halff Austin Laredo Kerrville San Antonio Mr. Herbert Petry Mr. John de la Garza Jr. Mrs. Merle R. Hudgins Mr. Reagan Houston III Carrizo Springs Dallas Hungerford San Antonio Dr. William Reider Mrs. Mattie Dellinger Ms. Norma Jardin Austin Center Spring Branch Mrs. Elizabeth Hutchinson Mrs. Tom E. Dent Miss Karen Jentsch Bethesda, Maryland, and Palestine The Hon. Chris Victor Semos EI Paso Arlington Dallas Mr. Stewart C. Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Mike Dietert Mr. Mike Jentsch San Antonio Mrs. Fred Stefan NetV Braunfels Fort Worth Fredericksburg Mr. Gerry Doyle Mrs. RH. Jones Mr. Earl Jones Dr. Ron Tyler Beaumont Groves Brownfield Austin Mr. Robert J. Duncan Mrs. Jo Carrol Jones Mrs. Jean Kaspar McKinney Clifton Shiner Mrs. Wild ring S. Edwards Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Kadlecek Ambassadors Bluffton New Braunfels Mr. Ballinger Mills Mrs. Paul Abat Mrs. Stephanie Evans Mrs. Jean W. Kaspar Galveston Houston Killeen Shiner Dr. Dan C. Peavy Jr. Dr. Francis E. Abernethy Mrs. Patty Farmer Mrs. Rita Kerr San Antonio Nacogdoches Junction San Antonio Mr. Stanley Addington Ms. Ivanne Parr Mr. and Mrs. Carl D. Kirk Mr. O. Scott Petty Sr. Raymondville Meridian HetVitt San Antonio Mrs. Lem Allen Mr. and Mrs. H.H. Felsted Mr. Guich Koock Mr. Scott Petty Jr. Luling Wimberley Austin San Antonio Dr. Doris Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Jack Fleming Dr. James B. Kracht Houston Nederland College Station Mr. Richard Potter Mr. Mike Andrews Mrs. H.M. Ford Mrs. Janet D. Krolczyk Gilmer Pampa Iredell Houston Miss Josephine Sparks Mrs. Sydna Arbuckle Mrs. Margaret Ann Foster Mr. and Mrs. Travis Kuykendall Corpus Christi Elgin Mt. Pleasant Uvalde Mr. Brick Autry Mr. Drew Franklin Mr. and Mrs. Ted LaCaff Jr. Mrs. Ruth Sterling Dimmitt Palestine Midland Houston Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Bailey Mrs. Annie Fuller Mr. Burnis Lawrence Mr. Richard Triska Jr. Huntsville Pittsburg Hondo Houston Mr. O.T. Baker Mr. and Mrs. Roger W. Garrison Ms. Linda Lea Austin Utopia Austin Mr. Patrick Hughes Welder Mrs. Geraldine Bakke Mr. Sam Gerald Mr. and Mrs. Jack Leo Victoria Iredell Harlingen Austin Mr. David A. Witts Mrs. Yancy Barnhart Mrs. Alice K. Gerfers Mrs. Kenneth Lester Dallas Pearsall Boerne Port Lavaca Mrs. Elizabeth Battle Mrs. Jack E. Gingrich Mr. Charles Loving Mr. William P. Wright Jr. Houston Seguin Rou nd Rock Abilene Mrs. Janelle Baumbach Mr. H.L. ·· Bud·· Gober Mr. Sam A. Maglitto . Victoria Brady Bay City Mr. Doug Seich Mr. and Mrs. Harry Gray Mr. Jack Maguire Arlington Alvin Fredericksburg Mr. Larry L. Bowles Mrs. Sarah L. Greene Mrs. Cora Maldonado Brownsville Gilmer Dickinson Mrs. Delbert Brewster Mr. Arnold Griffin Ms. Judy Meador Andrews Devine San Angelo

15 Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Milstein Mr. James B. Stephen Associates Mr. and Mrs. Clifton J. Bolner Mr. Jeffery M. Quick Sonora Longview Founding Members Brig. Gen . and Mrs. Julius H. Braun Dr. Wayne Rahe Mrs. Yvonne Mizell Mrs. Jack Stovall Judge and Mrs. T. Armour Ball Dr. and Mrs. Alfred Breuer Mr. and Mrs. Patrick H. Reagan Mt . Pleasant San Marcos Mr. and Mrs. Tom A. Billings Mr. Curtis E. Calder Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Reed Jim and Katie Reed Mrs. Toni Morrell Mrs. Ann Miller Strom Mr. Jack S. Blanton Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Carvajal San Antonio Kyle Mr. and Mrs. Allen Richards Mr. and Mrs. Bob Brinkerhoff Mr. and Mrs. Martin F. Casey Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Ring Dr. Kenneth Muckelroy Mrs. Charles B. Suehs Mr. Charles C. Butt Mrs. Patrick F. Cassidy Tyler Castroville Mr. and Mrs. Jack Rips Mr. and Mrs. Bob R. Dorsey Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Cheever Jr. Mrs. Nancy Smith Ritch Mrs. W. Ben Munson IV Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Sueltenfuss Lt. Col. (ret.) and Mrs. Miss Betty J. Collins Denison Boerne George H. Ensley Mr. and Mrs. Don Comuzzi Mr. David H . Roe Mrs. Rebecca Narramore Mr. Fred Switzer Mr. and Mrs. Alex H. Halff Convention Coordinators Lt. Col . and Mrs. George O. Rogers Sherman Ta ylor Hearst Foundation, Dr. Robert Frehse Mr. Charles G. Cox Mr. Orval A. Slater Mrs. B.K. Neel Sr. Dr. B.F. Tatum Mr. and Mrs. John Henderson Mr. W.H. Crain Mr. Earl E. Smith Menard Ballinger Mr. and Mrs. J. Burieson Smith Mr. and Mrs. Hal Hillman Mrs. J. Rorick Cravens Mr. and Mrs. James H. Smith Ms. Kit Neumann Mr. Bob Thaxton Mr. K.B. Holmes Jr. Maj. Gen. (ret. ) Albert B. Crowther Austin Seguin South Texas Contract Maintenance Mr. and Mrs. Reagan Houston III Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Cunningham Mr. Billy R. Stephens Mr. and Mrs. Francis E. Parks Mrs. Norma June Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Everett Hutchinson Mr. and Mrs. Harold R. DeMoss Weimar Elgin Mrs. Jean W. Kaspar Mr. Michael Dietert Mr. and Mrs. Marshall T. Steves Sr. Mr. Paul Patterson Mr. Richard A. Thompson Brig. Gen. (ret. ) and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. A . Baker Duncan Mr. and Mrs. Garvin Stryker Crane San Antonio Robert F. McDermott Mr. C. Cameron Duncan Mr. and Mrs. Louis H. Stumberg Mrs. Dorothy Patton Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Thonhoff Mr. and Mrs. R.W. McKinney Mr. and Mrs. James D. Falbee Mrs. Eilleen Crain Sullivan Crockett Karnes City Lt. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. Col. and Mrs. W.P. Francisco Mr. Robert B. Sunderland American Security Life Insurance Co, Mr. Herb Petry Ms. Toni Turner Sam Maddux Jr. GPM life Insurance Co. Carrizo Springs Austin Dr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Sykes Jr. Mr. and Mrs . Dan Meyer Mr. Gordon W. Friedrich Dr. Jeri Pfeifer Mrs. Ross Vick Mr. and Mrs. E.W. Moran Miss Gloria Galt Mrs. Philip K. Thomas Abilene Dallas Mrs. Vernon F. Neuhaus Mrs. Frances W. Gembler Mr. S.E. Thomas Mrs. Mary Ann Philmon Judge Henry H. Vollentine Mr. and Mrs. O. Scott Petty Sr. Mr. L.P. Gilvin Ms. Shirley L. Thompson Lufkin Gonzales Mr. and Mrs. Scott Petty Jr. Grand Lodge of the Order of Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins Mrs. Jjmmie R. Picquet Dr. Patricia Wallace Mr. and Mrs. Herman Pressler Jr. the Sons of Hermann Dr. and Mrs. Robert V. West Jr. Kingsville Waco Mr. and Mrs. Earl H. Wischer Mr. Tom Purdum Ms. Carol B. Greenlee Ms. Margaret T. Waring Mr. and Mrs. David M . Gudzikowski Mr. and Mrs. William Wright Mr. Jack Pirtle Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Shelton P. Reklaw Comanche Dr. and Mrs. J. Wells Young Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Sluyter Mr. C.c. Gunn Sr. Miss Linnie C. Young Mr. Tom Purdum Mr. and Mrs. Frank Watkins Miss Josephine Sparks Mrs. Inez M. Guthrie New Braunfels Comfort Mr. and Mrs. Fred M. Stefan Mr. Howard D. Gutin Mr. Eric Ramos Mrs. Nancy Lou Webster Mrs. Walter G. Sterling Mr. Richard C. Halter Kingsville Elgin Brig. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. Mr. William T. Hammond Family Members Mrs. Ralph Randel Mr. Erich Wendl Coulter R. Sublett The Harding Foundation Mr. Kenneth R. Albert Panhandle Corpus Christi Lt. Col. (ret.) Robert A. Alger Mr. Richard L. Triska Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Roane Harwood Mr. William J. Ratterman Mr. Josiah Wheat Mr. and Mrs. Patrick H. Welder Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hausser Mr. and Mrs. Clark D. Anderson Houston Woodville Mrs . Wesley West Mr. Harold D. Herndon Mr. and Mrs. Steven Arronge Miss Rosemary Richey Ms. Betty Wheeler Mr. and Mrs. John H. White Jack Howard Associates The Jesse Austin Family San Antonio Lubbock Mr. and Mrs. David A. Witts Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Hughes Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Lou R. Baeten Mrs. John R. Rising Ms. Mildred White Mrs. H.B. Zachry Sr. Mr. Sherwood Inkley Bishop and Mrs. Scott Field Bailey Alice Livingston Mr. and Mrs. J.w. Zintgraff Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Johnson Jr. Mr. and Mrs . Travis D. Bailey Mrs. Becky Rivers Mr. and Mrs . Bill Wilkerson Mrs. Lyndon Baines Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Holmes Bennett Bastrop Pleasanton Mr. and Mrs. Stewart C. Johnson Col. and Mrs. Leo E. Bergeron Ms. Claudia Robinson Mr. and Mrs . David Wilkerson Patrons Mr. and Mrs. A. Earl Jones Robert E. Best and c.J. Jurrens Dallas Pleasanton Mr. Michael Balint Ms. Constance J. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Albert M. Biedenharn Jr. Drs. Beverly and Tom Rodgers Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Williams Mr. and Mrs. Z.D. Bonner Mrs. F10y Fontaine Jordan Mr. and Mrs. Bruce G. Bixler Irving Austin Mr. and Mrs. J.P. Bryan Mr. and Mrs. Richard King III Dr. and Mrs. Ronald B. Blackman Mrs. Bert Rossignol Mr. and Mrs . V.T. Williams Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Dorsey Mrs. Quincy Lee Dr. and Mrs. Roland K. Blumberg Blanco Navasota Mr. and Mrs. James T. Doyle Mr. William N. Lehrer Dr. and Mrs. Louis T. Bogy Mrs. Geneva Rossignol Mrs. Jane Wilmer Mr. Fred Lepick Dr. and Mrs. Charles J. Lerner Mr. and Mrs. L.E. Bolduc McAllen Salado Mr. and Mrs. B.J. McCombs Mr. Bernard Lifshutz Mr. and Mrs. Peter Bowman Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Salazar Mr. and Mrs. Don Wisener Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Roberts Mr. and Mrs. Arthur M. Lilley Dr. Charles E. and Ruth J. Brady []] Texas City Alpine Mr. Lance Livingston Dr. and Mrs . Harold Brannan Ms. Christine Moor Sanders Mrs . Joanne Witschorke Mrs. Hugh Bourke Lowery and Family Ms. Olive N. Brewster Benefactors Woodville Marion Mr. and Mrs. George M. Luhn Sr. Gary and Carol Bricken Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Bu schman Mr. Ruben M. Santos Mrs. Mary Wofford Mr. and Mrs . Aaron Mandel Col. and Mrs. John W. Browning Mr. and Mrs . Bartlett Cocke Sr. Waco Houston Mr. and Mrs. H.w. Marschall Lt. Col. and Mrs. George S. Buchanan Frost Family of Banks Mrs. Walter Sargeant Mr. G. Preston Woodrome Mr. Earl M. Marshall Col. and Mrs. H.E Buerschinger Dr. and Mrs. Dan C. Peavy Jr. Schertz Freeport Ms. Anne V. Martt Mr. and Mrs. James H. Buffum Semmes Foundation, Mr. Hubert C. Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. Jack Yarbro Mr. Wilbur L. Matthews Mr. and Mrs. E.G. Burges Mr. Thomas R. Semmes Midland Alpine Mr. and Mrs. c.L. Maurer Ms. Ruth S. Canales Maj. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. Mrs. Charles Sebesta Jr. Mrs. Emilie Zinsmeister Mr. and Mrs . Oswin P. McCarty Mr. and Mrs. John C. Carey Carl W. Stapleton Caldwell Boerne Mr. Marion R. McClanahan Mr. and Mrs, George Carmack The Mac Stringfellow Family The Hon. Chris Victor Semos Mr. Mike Zwan Mr. and Mrs. Holland McCombs Mr. and Mrs. Raymond E. Casillas Mr. and Mrs. William P. Wright Dallas Tyler Mr. and Mrs. G. Sealie McCreless W.E Castella and Associates Mr. Hal A. Siros Lt . Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. J.R. McGiffert Mr. and Mrs. Drew Cauthorn EI Paso Sustaining Members Mrs. Vera S. McGonigle Mrs. Niles Chubb Mr. Calvin B. Smith Mrs. George W. Abbott Mrs. Mary K. Moore Ms. Stephanie Clay Waco Mr. and Mrs. H.K. Allen Mr. and Mrs. Clifford E. Morton Mr. Bruce E. Clepper Mrs. Terri Smith Mr. Paul Allen Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Moulder Dr. and Mrs. Glenn Coates Tyler Mrs. William H. Arlitt Mr. and Mrs . Travis M. Moursund Mr. and Mrs. Melvin D. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Smith Dr. Raymond G. Armstrong Mr. and Mrs. Dennis H. Murphree Mrs. A.C. Coleman De Soto Mr. and Mrs. William D. Balthorpe Natural Bridge Caverns Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Connolly Mr. H. Martin Soward III Mr. and Mrs. Langdon Barher Mrs, Amanda H. Ochse Ms. Catherine Nixon Cooke Corpus Christi Misses Dorothy and Pauline Barlow Mr. and Mrs. Russell I. Oppenheim Mr. and Mrs, Taliaferro Cooper Mr. Ernest Speck Maj. Gen. J.M. Bennett Mr. and Mrs. Frederic J. Oppenheimer Mr. and Mrs. John T. Crone []] Alpine Lt. Gen . (ret.) and Mrs. A.w. Betts Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. Potter Mr. and Mrs . George P. Crutsinger Ms. Jenny Stanfield Ms. Eliza H. Bishop Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Price Mr. A.B. Cruz Jr. and Family The Woodlands Mr. and Mrs. Hayden L. Boland Dr. and Mrs. Gordon H. Pumphrey Col. and Mrs. R. Jerald Culhane

16 Ms. Susan. Cunningham and Mr. and Mrs. Earle W. Kenyon Ms. Margaret R. Souby and Ms. Charlene Blohm Ms. Shirley C. Dunlap Mr. Kenneth Nichol Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Kleberg Jeremy O. Smith Mr. Gary L. Boren Ms. Iris Dunn The Henry Curbello Family Mr. and Mrs. William Koehler Col. w.w. Southard Jr. Mrs. L.T Botto EI Campo Museum Mrs. Price Daniel Mr. and Mrs. Elmer P. Koenig Lt. Col. (ret.) and Mrs. J.L. Spooner Ms. Nancy Bowen Mr. James Elliott Mr. Thomas D'Arcy Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Krause Rabbi and Mrs. Samuel M. Stahl Col. (ret.) I.E. Braddock Mrs. Hugo T. Elmendorf Mr. and Mrs. Claude F. Davis Mr. and Mrs. Arno W. Krebs Jr. Mr. A .R. Swanson Brig. Gen. (ret.) Julius H. Braun Ms. Jeanine B. Engberg Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M . Dawson Jr. Rev. and Mrs. Greg Kronz Mr. and Mrs. P.H. Swearingen Jr. Mrs. Sheldon Braverman Marilyn J. Engelking Ms. Mary Ann DeArmond Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Lacaff Dr. and Mrs. Peter C. Swenson Ms. Frances E. Bridges Mrs. Leon Engler Col. (ret.) and Mrs. Carl B. De Nisio Dr. Howard E. Lancaster Jr. and Family Mrs. Jack H.U. Brown Ruth Ann English Mrs. Lucia L. Derrick Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lancaster Mr. and Mrs. S.E. Swenson Dr. Julie K. Brown Dr. Jimell Erwin Andy and Nancy Diehl Dr. and Mrs. Larry B. Lanham Dr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Sykes Ms. Pat R. Brown Ms. Marion S. Erwin Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. DiQuinzio Mr. Paul A. Lechowick Mr. and Mrs. Joel Z. Taylor Mr. Ralph Brown Ms. Helena K. Evans Mr. Byron H. Dooley Mr. and Mrs. William B. Lecznar Dr. and Mrs. Alex Thomas Jr. Ms. Rose Mary Bryant Mrs. John J. Evans Jr. Ms. Sue Doty Gerald Wand Carolyn D. Lee Mrs. Lucie Wray Todd Mrs. Betty J. Burke Donald E. Everett, Ph.D. Mr. and Mrs. Gerry Doyle Dr. and Mrs. Glenn L. Lembke Col. and Mrs. Jerry M. Totten Mrs. Fern E. Burke Ms. Cynthia Farah Mr. Tom Dreis and Family Mr. Edmundo Avina Levy Mr. and Mrs. Foard Townsend Lt. Col. Albert F. Burnett Mrs. Carolyn Farmer Mrs. John Drysdale Mr. James Ludlum Dr. and Mrs. Lorence W. Trick Ms. Brenda Y. Burton Mr. Joseph M. Farrell Mr. and Mrs. Ira Duffield Mr. and Mrs. Henry R. Macina Mr. and Mrs. William Trieschman Mr. Russell C. Busby Mrs. Virgil W. Faulkner Dr. and Mrs. E.D. Dumas Maj . Gen. and Mrs. Robert W Maloy Lt . Col. L.R. Tucker Ms. Deborah Butt Mr. Thomas C. Ferguson Mr. and Mrs. Edwin A. Durham 11 Mr. and Mrs. Clark R. Mandigo Mrs. Inez Urbaneck Ms. Sarah Harte Buttery Ms. Sheila G. Figueroa Mr. and Mrs. Albert Engel Mr. and Mrs. B.J. Marazzini Dr. and Mrs. Alban Varnado Col. Ben M. Cabell Mr. J.M. Fitzgerald Mr. and Mrs. Middleton S. English Bebby and Arthur Marlin Mr. Hap Veltman Ms. Nelda R. Cade Ms. Virginia Flanagin Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Erl er Mr. and Mrs. J. Richard Marmion Mr. and Mrs. Paul Vitale Ms. Betty Calvert Ms. Gayle Fleming Dr. and Mrs. William M. Erwin Mr. and Mrs. Steven D. McAnally Mr. and Mrs. George J. Vizard Mr. Salvador A. Campos Jr. Mr. John N. Flores Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Kip M. Espy Mr. and Mrs. Allen L. McDuff Mrs. J.o. Wallace Ms. Ruth S. Canales Mrs. Maxine E. Flournoy The Evans Family The McGanity Famil y Mr. and Mrs. John K. Walters Mrs. Carol Canty Mrs. Thomas W. Folbre Mr. and Mrs. N.K. "Doc" Farmer Mr. WD. McMillan Dr. and Mrs. Bruce H. Warren Dr. Tomas Birriel Carmona Ms. Barbara J. Ford Mr. and Mrs. H. Herbert Felsted Dr. Monty and Margaret McMinn Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins Mr. Griffith C. Carnes Mrs. O.E. Ford Mr. and Mrs. H.B. Fidanque Mr. and Mrs. Albert M. McNeel Jr. Dennis and Pat Watts Dr. Robert L. Carr Ms. Terri D. Ford Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Fitzsimons Mr. and Mrs. Jean L. McPherson Mr. and Mrs. Richard Weber Mrs. Bonnie C. Cassidy Ms. Nell Nations Forist Mr. and Mrs. William R. Flaitz Prof. and Mrs. Benjamin D. Meritt Mr. Rick Weed Ms. Jane Wray Cassin Miss Josephine Forman Mr. and Mrs. Horst G. Fleck Mr. and Mrs. Nelson D. Miller Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wier Mrs. Beatrice M. Castleton Ms. Lasca C. Fortassain Mr. and Mrs. George I. Fleet Dr. and Mrs. Sanford A. 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Henry

17 II "

Cheryl Henzen Mrs. Joan B. Lyman Mr. Ronald G. Paule Ms. Robin Stanford Lifetime Mr. Tom E. Pawel Mr. Harry V. Steel Employee Members Lt. Col. Aloysius Henzler Ms. Winjfred D. Lyman (Honorary) Mr. Theodore Mack Miss Bessie M. Pearce Mrs. Cecilia Steinfeldt Mr. Paul K. Herder Mary S. Cervantes Lt. Col. Maxine Madden Miss Ruth Peebles Mr. William M. Stephens Jr. Mrs. August F. Herff Jr. William T. Field Jf. Dr. Roy A. Pennycuick Mrs. Lorelei Stewart-Mayer Mr. Adolph C. Herrera Miss Peggy M. Maggard Jack R. Maguire Mr. Edward H. Perrenot Ms. Barbara E. Stieren Ms. Shirley A. Hightower Mrs. Marianne Malouf Joseph A. Perry Mrs. Louise C. Perrenot Mrs. Chris Stockwell Mr. B.N. Hilderbrandt Mrs. Barbara B. Mansel1 Maudine R. Thatcher Ms. Caryl A. Hill Mrs. Leo Perron Jr. Ms. Ann Stone Ruth P. Manz Melvin Sance Mrs. Carole Mapes Mrs. Mary Ann Perryman Mr. Royce E. Stone Mrs. Collins Hill Jr. L. Leonard R. Scotty Mrs. Richard Hitzfeldt Ms. Sylvia Ann Marcus Mr. Herb Petry Mr. W.E. 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19 H.E .B. Grocery Co. Ms. Florence Saunders Gifts-in-Kind Kimble County Historical Society Mrs. Frieda E. Jackson Sawtelle, Boode, Davidson, ARA Food Services Ruth Klause Japan America Society, and TroHo Alamo Iron Works Mr. Richard Lange EI Paso Mrs. Mary Ann Schwarz Amerjcan Folklife Center library of Congress Lt. Col. David M. Jones Scurlock Foundation Mr. Bill Arnett Lone Star Printing Marriott Riverwalk Hotel Mr. Robert A. Karam Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Art, Inc. Mr. James Patrick McGuire Mrs. Jean Kaspar Seeligson Jr. Mr. Michael Balint Menger Hotel Mrs. Gloria B. LaBatt Seguin ISD Mr. Damon Bartlett -La Quinta Motor Inns Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Mr. and Mrs. Bill Biegert Metro Media Paging Services Mr. and Mrs. Jack R. Shelton Big Red Bottling Company Mexican Consulate Maguire Sr. Lt. Col. Augusta L. Short Mr. Charlie Bones Jr. Mission City Beverage Mrs. Stanley Marsh III Southwestern Bell Telephone Mr. David Bowen Mission Ice Company Mr. Daniel Marshall Spanish Ministry of Culture Ms. Mary Ann Bruni Sister MargH Nagy Mr. Earl M. Marshall Miss Josephine Sparks Ms. Rosa Carrillo Nationwide Paper Company Newell Salvage Mr. and Mrs. J.J. Martin Mrs. Louis H. Stumberg Catering By Rosemary Mr. B.J. "Red" McCombs St. David's Episcopal School Century Paper Company Ms. Thelma Nungesser Oblate of Mary Immaculate The Eugene f-vlcDermott Children of St. Stephen's Chelsea House Publishing Foundation Tesoro Christopher Columbus Society, PacifiCare of Texas Mrs. John R. McGiffert Col. and Mrs. Robert H. Touby Ladies' Auxiliary Pioneer Flour Mills Mr. James Patrick McGuire Texas Committee for the Miss Lois Clack Reagan National Advertising, Inc. Dr. James E. Reveley Robert and Evelyn Humanities Coca Cola Bottling Company McKee Foundation Texas State Historical Crain Distributing Ms. Janice Ricks Amy Shelton McNutt Trust Association Center for Research for Women, Dorothy Robinson Roegelein Provision Company Mrs. linda D. Miller USAA Memphis State University Mission Party Ice, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. F.), Vollmer Mrs. Barbara Dent Royal Street Crossing Mr. and Mrs. John J. Murnin Mrs. Jerry L. Waldman Mr. Ron Dodson San Antonio Light Mrs. Gilbert E. Naramor Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins Mrs. Estelle Dubray San Antonio Savings Association Mrs, Mary J. Ogden Bill and Katie Weaver Fabric Warehouse Mr. Torn Shelton Mr. William D. Old II Charitable Trust Mr. and Mrs. N.K. Farmer The Skyview Company Mrs. Buford T. Otwell Dr. and Mrs. Helen V. West Jr. Fina Oil & Chemical Company Sophienburg Archives Ms. Catherine Peiffer Mrs. Ruth Sterling Wheeler and Mr. Don S. Taylor Mr. Ernest Speck The J.c. Penney Company, Inc. The Woman's Club Mr. and Mrs. Robert Fitts Mr. and Mrs. Jim Sweeney Edwina and O. Scott Petty of San Antonio Mr. Harvey Fletcher Ms. Alma Stout Tarvin Charitable Trust Margaret Cullinan Consul General of the Texas Highways Department Mr. and Mrs. Scott Petty Jr. Wray Charitable Federal Republic of Germany Texas State library Phillip Morris Lead Annuity Trust GLI Distributing Travis Wholesale Florists Management Corp. Gordon Southtex Company S.H. Tumlinson Texas A&M University Minnie ~tevens Mr. Ron Gossen Piper Foundation Halo Distributing Texas Historical Commission Mr. and Mrs. Louis L. Pistel Nancy Harkins Stationer Utopia Water Company Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Reed Mr. Jerry Herron UTSA Center for SSgt. Henry Rodriguez Mr. Clyde Hester Archaeological Research SAS, Inc. Mr. Doug Holden VIA Metropolitan Transit Co. S.A. Area Council of Girl Scouts H.E.B. Grocery Co. Van de Walle Farms S.A. Area Council of Teachers KKYX Radio Mr. and Mrs. Frank Watkins West Coast Produce of English Kallison's Farm & Ranch Mrs. Miriam York S.A. Arts and Cultural Programs Karam's Mexican Restaurant H.B. Zachry Company S.A. Hungarian Association Mrs. Rita Kerr (continued from page 2) In the very near future computers will likely have as was the Father of Our Country") like a typical workbook. dramatic an effect on how history is taught as they already Or they might challenge the student to make decisions have had on how it is researched. Simulations, databases, in a historical re-creation bearing on a past event. The video disks can now offer students another window onto better varieties of this software can be imaginative and their past. Looking further into the future, we can hardly can get students involved in a way that textbooks cannot. predict the ramifIcations of this technology for our disci­ A program called "Oregon Trail" allows students to take pline or society in general any more than Johannes Guten­ part in the westward migration. The computer asks them berg could foresee the revolutionary implications which to select the route, the date of departure, and the his printing press had in store for Western civilization. equipment to be brought along, after which it formulates various crises along the way (bad weather, Indian raids) Jack Reynolds, Ph.D., is assistant professor of history and forces the users to make choices in situations like at The University of Texas at San Antonio. those confronted by the pioneers. The Institute of Texan Cultures is presently organizing The main shortcoming in simulations and games is that a project to introduce the computer into the history curric­ they do not expose students to the computer's more ulum, using the 1850 and 1880 local manuscript censuses common function as a database manager and analyzer­ from Texas as a database. The computer has a reputation it is hard to imagine any job in the real world that calls for reducing individuals to statistics, but it can also allow for using a computer to simulate events or answer questions. us to look at the individuals, at least as they are described Using computers to test hypotheses entices students into by the census. Used in conjunction with maps, photo­ functioning much the way historians do (constructing and graphs, newspapers, and other local sources, it has the testing hypotheses, interpreting statistics or pie charts) and potential of making history more real for students, of also inculcates in them the higher-order thinking skills which helping them to see how hitherto impersonal historical are so lacking across the curriculum. In other disciplines, forces (immigration or industrialization) affected the lives students are using databases to study species of animals or of persons not unlike themselves in their own towns or to acquaint themselves with the characteristics of various neighborhoods a century or more ago. nations or cultures. It is not difficult to imagine databases The issue of the impact of computers on the field of that might be of value to the study of history in the schools, printing will be part of the concern in a symposium, 'The but these are only slowly being developed and disseminated. Printed Word in the 21st Century," November 10, 1990.

CALENDAR OF EVENTS APRIL MAY ticipating publishers will be featured both Through May 27 May 1-4 days. Institute Veranda. May 6, 1-4 p.m. Jewish Art of Celebration -Sponsored Early Music Festival-As a prelim­ by the Jewish Community Center, this inary event to this citywide celebration Pioneer Sunday - Families can sample exhibit introduces three themes relating May 7-14, demonstrations exploring the the spirit of frontier Texas life through to the celebratory nature of Jewish ritu­ variety of sound of early musical instru­ hands-on experiences in the "Back 40:' al-the Law, the Life, and the Year - using ments will be offered to middle school Activities will include frontier crafts, numerous ceremonial objects, works of and junior high students by invitation games, and music. For a $2 fee, children art, and interpretive panels. Guided tours only. Institute Conference Room. can dress up as pioneers and have their are available upon request. Lower Gallery. May I-July 1 photos taken. Free and open to the public. April 29, 1-6 p.m. Rural Texas Women at Work, Bowie Street Blues - San Antonio will JUNE 1930 -1960 - This exhibit contains about June I-July 24, 11 a.m. -3 p.m. daily sing the bl ues again at this official Fiesta 50 black-and-white photographs from the event, held for the third year on the Insti­ Texas A&M University archives, which The "Back 40" interpretive areas, where tute grounds. The concert offers the grass­ demonstrate the daily activities of Texas visitors can participate in a variety of roots Texas blues tradition for the enjoy­ women in rural areas over three decades. experiences from turn-of-the-century life, will be open to the public. Free. ment of the general public, by featuring May 5-6, 9 a.m. -6 p.m. talented musicians whose reputations sel­ June 5-July 22 Book Fair-This event will follow the dom extend beyond their communities. Con Safos: Forbidden Expression Refreshments will be sold at the event; 10th annual meeting of the Book Publishers of Texas at the Menger Hotel. from the Bexar County Jail-This ex­ no ice chests will be allowed. Free and hibit contains about 50 photographs of open to the public. With the theme "In Print: Texas;' the Book Fair will spotlight the enormous variety walls in the old Bexar County Jail, by San of books published in and about Texas. Antonio photographer Ansen Seale, in ad­ Readings by selected authors of par- dition to examples of "handkerchief art:' Lower Gallery.

These events and exhibits are subject to change.

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