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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Avian survey in tourist sites near Putao in northern

Alexey E. Scopin, Vladimir N. Sotnikov, Dmitry V. Skumatov & Alexey A. Sergeyev

26 February 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 3 | Pages: 13377–13384 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4176.11.3.13377-13384

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384

Avian survey in tourist sites near Putao in northern Myanmar

1 2 3 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Alexey E. Scopin , Vladimir N. Sotnikov , Dmitry V. Skumatov & Alexey A. Sergeyev Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,3,4 Zhitkov Russian Research Insttute of Game Management and Fur Farming, 79 Preobrazhenskaya St., PLATINUM 610000 Kirov, Russia. 2 Kirov Zoological Museum, 179 Lenina St., 610000 Kirov, Russia. OPEN ACCESS ­1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]

Abstract: We present the results of short ornithological observatons of southeastern Asia. conducted in November–December 2014 and December 2015 in Northern Myanmar forms a part of the eastern the territory near Putao in northern Myanmar at elevatons below 1,500m. We recorded 105 species, which were mostly resident , Himalayan mountain range. It represents an important and evaluated the species abundance with a relatve scale along area populated by many representatves of the tourist walking routes in the area. The bird species richness in the Mali Hka River Valley was observed to be less than in the adjacent virgin Palearctc and Oriental faunal regions, including mountain forests. Our results could be used for future bird monitoring several sub- and endemic species (e.g., Jabouilleia feldworks. naungmungensis, Alcippe cinereiceps hkakaboraziensis, Keywords: Birdwatching, eastern Himalaya, ecotourism, Himalayan and Malacocincla abbot kachinensis; Rappole et al. avifauna, Mali Hka River Valley, ornithologic survey, subtropical 2005; Renner et al. 2015). This region is also known for ecosystems. its important bird migraton routes, though the migraton paterns are poorly investgated (Rappole 2013). Several general works on the avifauna of northern Myanmar with In recent decades, birdwatching is extremely long checklists (Smythies 1949; King et al. 2001; Rappole popular and is now one of the most atractve forms of et al. 2005, 2011; Renner et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2017) ecotourism. Many birdwatchers are especially interested as well as the published feld notes of naturalists (e.g., in the regions where the bird lists are not complete Cornet & Alibert 2005) atract many ecotourists to this and where there is a space for excitng discoveries. region. The magnifcent landscapes and diverse wildlife of The high diversity and endemism of the avifauna of Myanmar with their numerous bird species provide such northern Myanmar with the possibility of Himalayan wonderful opportunites. Although extensive research origin (Rappole et al. 2011) was mentoned in the 19th on birds of Myanmar was done more than half a century Century (Oates 1883a,b; Renner & Rappole 2011; Twin ago (e.g., Oates 1883; Baker 1922, 1930; Smythies et al. 2011; Renner et al. 2015). Between 1998 and 1953), most recent review publicatons are rare (e.g., 1999, 314 bird species were recorded across the entre Lwin & Thwin 2003; Twin et al. 2011; Renner et al. 2015) elevaton range of the mountains around Putao and 87% compared to bird distributon data from other countries of this number occurred at alttudes of up to 1,500m

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4176.11.3.13377-13384 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE48DE63-D32E-46B9-9F3E-DFF15DDED3CF

Editor: Hem Sagar Baral, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2019 (online & print)

Manuscript details: #4176 | Received 05 April 2018 | Final received 06 January 2019 | Finally accepted 13 January 2019

Citaton: Scopin, A.E., V.N. Sotnikov, D.V. Skumatov & A.A. Sergeyev (2019). Avian survey in tourist sites near Putao in northern Myanmar. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(3): 13377–13384; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4176.11.3.13377-13384

Copyright: © Scopin et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Self-funded.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the reviewers for their important comments on our manuscript. The authors thank Mariya Kushkova and Lanita Guteva for their help in the translaton of the manuscript into English.

13377 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al.

(King et al. 2001). The number of reported species path runs towards the Hkakaborazi Natonal Park reached around 413 ten years later (Rappole et al. 2011) near the eastern border of China and passes through and was estmated to be 441 species according to the the villages of Nansabun (27.3910N & 97.5160E) and results of feld surveys from 1997 to 2006 (Renner et al. Namthi (27.4100N & 97.660E). The route is about 2015). The 2015–2017 bird diversity inventory detected 17km-long with elevatons ranging between 600m and 319 species (Zhang et al. 2017), which is signifcantly 900m. The second track runs towards Hponkanrazi less than in previous publicatons. It is possible that the Wildlife Sanctuary near the western Indian border with avifauna compositon in this region varies due to ecologic the villages of Shangaung (27.4230N & 97.2970E) and factors and it is extremely important to understand the Wasandum (27.4890N & 97.1900E) along its course. This reasons for these changes. 15km-long route is located between 450m and 1400m The real chances to observe and photograph the with the prevailing alttudes of 600–800 m. The two checklist species in the wild during a certain season is tracks are divided by the vast Putao Valley located at a hard to establish with confdence. Indeed, although such lower elevaton (below 500m). We devoted several days knowledge is crucial before planning any ecotours or trips, to perform separate observatons along the foodplain of the relevant informaton is sometmes difcult to fnd. the Mali Hka River and its tributaries (alttude of 400m) Therefore, we believe that, in additon to recording the near Manu Village (27.4360N & 97.4740E). Birdwatching occurrence of certain species, the feld naturalists should in diferent habitats near villages was carried out to also aim to evaluate the fauna of the study area from assess the frequency of bird occurrence under the forest the quanttatve perspectve and, more importantly, to canopy, which was otherwise difcult to accomplish on publish their observatons. Furthermore, the evaluaton the walking tracks, as well as to investgate synanthropic of the avifauna is benefcial for the environment as it is bird species. necessary for bird monitoring in sparsely populated areas with unique natural ecosystems. Consequently, Methods the principal goal of our work was to assess the bird The bird registraton was performed by simple occurrences in the territories with walking tracks that visual identfcaton during daylight hours. We stood become popular during the tourist season. and recorded all the individuals fying by for at least one hour each in the morning afer sunrise and in the Materials and Methods evening before sunset to quantfy the birds near the Study Area villages. Overall, we spent 120h observing the birds on The feld observatons were carried out in the the Nansabun-Namthi route, 100h on the Shangaung- Putao District of Kachin State from late November to Wasandum route, and 40h near Manu Village. mid-December of 2014 and again in December 2015. We passed along hiking paths at an average speed The Putao Plain is surrounded by mountains covered of about 2–3 km/h and tried to identfy the birds that by evergreen subtropical forests. As compared to were seen. We recorded only those bird species that river valleys with numerous villages, paddy felds, and could be identfed with a high degree of certainty in gardens, the steep mountain slopes in the region are the feld conditons. We stopped for 10–15 min to carry less afected by human actvites that at most include out bird identfcaton. Also, we moved up to 50m into localized huntng, selectve logging of trees, harvestng the forest from the footpath whenever possible. We of plants, and using wildlife products (Rappole et al. worked in groups of two (one group went into the forest 2011; Renner et al. 2015). just to the lef of the path, the other just to the right Birdwatching surveys were conducted along — in this way diferent bird individuals were taken into permanent hiking paths and in diferent habitats near account). The data were then summarized. Birds that villages (Fig. 1). Due to poor roads that are limited to could be simultaneously taken into account by diferent a few rather difcult mountain routes, the access to observers as well as the tme spent on their registraton the study area is relatvely limited for tourists. For our were excluded from the checklist. The total accountng survey, we chose two old pathways with similar ecologic tme included only the tme taken to hike along the path. characteristcs, used by many people daily. The startng The tme spent on bird identfcaton was not taken into sectons of these mountain routes between 800m and account. We used Bresser waterproof binoculars (x7) 1,400m are rather easily accessible from Putao. On and photographic equipment ( Nikkon D3200, Canon average, it took us one day to cover the distance one EOS 1D X et al). way (i.e., the round trip required two days). The frst We documented the frequency of occurrence of bird

13378 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al.

Figure 1. The birdwatching area in Putao District in Kachin State, Myanmar

species by adoptng a four-point relatve scale (King et In additon, we noted a large variability in the species al. 2001) and atributng each bird species to specifc encountered even over insignifcant distances. For categories according to their total number: ‘a’ - abundant instance, only 19 bird species (18% of the total number of (more than 100 individuals of a certain species), ‘c’ - species encountered) were common for both the tracks common (10–100 individuals), ‘unc’ - uncommon (2–10 (separated by the 27km-wide Putao Valley) and about 50 individuals), and ‘s’ - single (one individual). It should species were unique for one or the other route (Table 1). be noted that we did not aim to clarify the systematc It should be noted that the percentage of species within positon of birds, i.e., the systematc order shown partcular categories was approximately the same for in Table 1 is given in accordance with the accepted the routes in the mountain forest, i.e., about 70%–80% guidelines (del Hoyo & Collar 2014, 2016). Despite of identfed species belong to the categories ‘common’ that, these publicatons have some limitatons and the and ‘uncommon’, about 15%–20% species to ‘single’, status of several species can be contested (Renner et al. and about 5% to ‘abundant’. 2018). These studies nevertheless forms a basis in the In the Mali Hka River foodplain, which is surrounded Internatonal Union for Conservaton of Nature (IUCN) by agriculture lands and is heavily afected by other and are used by many birdwatchers. human actvites, the biodiversity is lower and the We prepared the basemap in SAS Planet sofware distributon of species between the four categories using data from htps://www.natonsonline.org/ is diferent. Namely, the percentage of species in oneworld/map/myanmar_map2.htm (Fig. 1). category ‘abundant’ is reduced to 2% and that in category ‘common’ to 20%, which is half as many as in Results and Discussion the undisturbed forest. Likewise, there are half as many We recorded 105 species during the short hiking species with a single occurrence, largely due to the surveys across the low-mountain terrain of which only absence of indigenous avifauna of forest habitats in the 12 were migratory and the rest were resident birds. region. Most species (about 70%) are assigned to the

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 13379 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al. category ‘uncommon’. In the Mali Hka River Valley, many individuals encountered belong to the species typical of wetland habitats (e.g., White-throated Kingfsher Halcyon smyrnensis, Red-watled Lapwing Vanellus indicus (Image 2), Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Striated Heron Butorides striata, Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (Image 1), and Crested Kingfsher Megaceryle lugubris). The synanthropic bird species begin to occur in agriculture landscapes and human setlements. This is observed on the background of the bird populaton © A.E. Scopin decline in the vicinity of human-inhabited areas. The Image 1. Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea near Mali Hka River. Common Myna Acridotheres trists was found only in Putao Valley. We did not encounter this species in the virgin forest area despite the fact that the species can penetrate into the forest. The presence of Large- billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos was noted only near human-related habitat territories (Manu, Shangaung, and Wasandum villages). The Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis, Spoted Dove S. chinensis, and White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata were also observed only in the cultvaton area. The interestng fact is that the presence of the Chinese Rubythroat tschebaiewi, a rare winter visitor in northern Myanmar, was not mentoned in the latest report by Rappole et al. (2011), although individual encounters with the species are known from the Chinese and Indian border regions (Cheng 1976; Ghosh et al. © A.E. Scopin 2010). The presence of this species in Myanmar was Image 2. Red-watled Lapwing Vanellus indicus on the paddy felds only reported from rhododendron ecosystems (Kinnear of Putao Valley. 1934) above tree lines at alttudes above 3,500m. Likewise, the record of Solitary Snipe Gallinago solitaria, previously indicated as winter visitor in Babbler Trichastoma tckelli, White-gorgeted Flycatcher northern Myanmar (Robson 2008; Ekstrom & Butchart Anthipes monileger, and Black Drongo Dicrurus 2016) and several individuals of which were registered macrocercus are not be considered as rare species, at Mali Hka River tributaries during our feldwork near despite being previously atributed to this category by Manu Village (Image 3), was absent from the checklist of King et al. (2001). Similarly, although Zhang et al. (2017) Rappole et al. (2011). recorded quite a small number of Wreathed Hornbill Currently, there are not enough publicatons Rhytceros undulates, we observed several focks of this available to compare the relatve abundance of bird species with 8–14 individuals in each suggestng that species in northern Myanmar and in (Singh 1991; it is not rare in the Mali Hka River Valley and along the King et al. 2001; Renner et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2017). river’s main tributaries. Moreover, according to local The ‘abundant’ category and observaton tme reported villagers, the focks of this hornbill can reach several by these authors are ofen diferent, which makes dozen individuals during the breeding season (April– it extremely difcult to make reliable comparisons. May). Such anecdotal informaton is further supported Nevertheless, we want to emphasize the abundance by earlier ofcial publicatons (Stanford & Ticehurst of certain species. In partcular, the study shows that 1939; Renner et al. 2015) that reported several cases Common Sandpiper Actts hypoleucos, Rufous-chinned of large gatherings of the species. In contrast, Sultan Laughingthrush Garrulax rufogularis, Blue-winged Tit Melanochlora sultanea is indicated as a common Laughingthrush Trochalopteron squamatum, Spot- species in these ecosystems by King et al. (2001) and throated Babbler Pellorneum albiventre, Buf-breasted Singh (1991) but appears as a rare species according to

13380 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al.

Table 1. Bird species recorded along hiking paths near Putao in Kachin State, northern Myanmar

Shangaung- Shangaung- Nansabun- Manu Nansabun- Manu Wasandum Wasandum Namthi route Village Namthi route Village route route Order: Galliformes Order: Strigiformes

Family: Phasianidae Family: Strigidae Arborophila rufogularis Otus spilocephalus 1 unc 17 s Rufous-throated Partridge Mountain Scops-owl O. leta Order: Anseriformes 18 s Collared Scops-owl Family: Anatdae Glaucidium cuculoides 19 unc Mergus merganser Asian Barred Owlet 2 c c Goosander Order: Accipitriformes Tadorna ferruginea 3 unc Ruddy Shelduck Family: Pandionidae Pandion haliaetus Order: Columbiformes 20 unc Osprey Family: Columbidae Family: Accipitridae Streptopelia orientalis 4 unc Pernis ptlorhynchus Oriental Turtle-dove 21 s Oriental Honey-buzzard Spilopelia chinensis 5 unc Spilornis cheela Eastern Spoted Dove 22 s Crested Serpent-eagle Chalcophaps indica 6 unc Circus cyaneus Grey-capped Emerald Dove 23 s Hen Harrier Order: Caprimulgiformes Order: Trogoniformes Family: Apodidae Family: Trogonidae Aerodramus brevirostris 7 c Harpactes erythrocephalus Himalayan Swiflet 24 unc Red-headed Trogon Order: Cuculiformes Order: Coraciiformes Family: Cuculidae Family: Meropidae Centropus sinensis 8 unc Nyctyornis athertoni Greater Coucal 25 s s Blue-bearded Bee-eater Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Alcedinidae Family: Ciconiidae Alcedo hercules 26 unc Ciconia nigra Blyth`s Kingfsher 9 unc Black Stork A. athis 27 unc Order: Pelecaniformes Common Kingfsher Megaceryle lugubris 28 c unc Family: Ardeidae Crested Kingfsher Butorides striata Halcyon smyrnensis 10 unc 29 unc Green-backed Heron White-breasted Kingfsher Order: Suliformes Order: Bucerotformes

Family: Phalacrocoracidae Family: Bucerotdae Phalacrocorax carbo Rhytceros undulatus 11 unc 30 unc c Great Cormorant Wreathed Hornbill Order: Charadriiformes Aceros nipalensis 31 unc unc Rufous-necked Hornbill Family: Ibidorhynchidae Order: Piciformes Ibidorhyncha struthersii 12 c Ibisbill Family: Megalaimidae Family: Charadriidae Psilopogon asiatcus 32 unc unc Blue-throated Barbet Vanellus duvaucelii 13 unc unc River Lapwing Family: Picidae V. indicus Sasia ochracea 14 unc 33 c c Red-watled Lapwing White-browed Piculet Family: Scolopacidae Blythipicus pyrrhots 34 s Bay Woodpecker Gallinago solitaria 15 unc Gecinulus granta Solitary Snipe 35 s Pale-headed Woodpecker Actts hypoleucos 16 c Common Sandpiper

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 13381 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al.

Shangaung- Shangaung- Nansabun- Manu Nansabun- Manu Wasandum Wasandum Namthi route Village Namthi route Village route route P. jocosus Order: Passeriformes 59 a a a Red-whiskered Bulbul Family: Eurylaimidae Pycnonotus cafer 60 c c Psarisomus dalhousiae Red-vented Bulbul 36 c Long-tailed Broadbill Family: Scotocercidae Family: Campephagidae Ceta castaneocoronata 61 s Pericrocotus sp. Chestnut-headed Tesia 37 c c c Minivet Abroscopus superciliaris 62 unc Family: Rhipiduridae Yellow-bellied Warbler A. albogularis Rhipidura albicollis 63 c 38 unc unc Rufous-faced Warbler White-throated Fantail Phyllergates cucullatus 64 s Family: Dicruridae Mountain Tailorbird Dicrurus macrocercus 39 c c Family: Sylviidae Black Drongo Psitparus bakeri D. aeneus 65 c 40 unc unc Rufous-headed Parrotbill Bronzed Drongo D. remifer Family: Zosteropidae 41 Lesser Racquet-tailed unc unc Yuhina favicollis 66 s Drongo Whiskered Yuhina Family: Laniidae Family: Timaliidae Lanius collurioides Stachyris nigriceps 42 unc 67 a Burmese Shrike Grey-throated Babbler L. schach 43 c c c Family: Pellorneidae Long-tailed Shrike Schoeniparus rufogularis L. tephronotus 44 unc unc 68 unc Grey-backed Shrike Rufous-throated Fulveta Family: Corvidae Family: Pellorneidae Pellorneum albiventre Dendrocita frontalis 45 unc unc unc 69 a Collared Treepie Spot-throated Babbler Trichastoma tckelli Urocissa favirostris 46 c 70 c c Yellow-billed Blue Magpie Buf-breasted Babbler Cissa chinensis Family: Leiotrichidae 47 unc Common Green Magpie Alcippe nipalensis 71 a Corvus macrorhynchos Fulveta 48 unc c Large-billed Crow Garrulax leucolophus Family: Stenostridae 72 White-crested c c Laughingthrush Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus 49 s G. rufogularis Yellow-bellied Fairy-fantail 73 Rufous-chinned unc Family: Stenostridae Laughingthrush Culicicapa ceylonensis Trochalopteron 50 Grey-headed Canary- c squamatum 74 unc fycatcher Blue-winged Laughingthrush Family: Paridae Leiothrix argentauris Melanochlora sultanea 75 c 51 s Silver-eared Mesia Sultan Tit Leioptla annectens Parus montcolus 76 unc 52 s Rufous-backed Sibia Green-backed Tit Minla ignotncta 77 unc Family: Hirundinidae Red-tailed Minla Riparia diluta Liocichla phoenicea 53 unc 78 c c Pale Sand Martn Red-faced Liocichla Siva cyanouroptera Family: Pycnonotdae 79 unc Blue-winged Minla Alophoixus faveolus 54 unc unc White-throated Bulbul Family: Cinclidae Hemixos favala Cinclus pallasii 55 unc 80 c c Ashy Bulbul Brown Dipper Hypsipetes leucocephalus Family: Sturnidae 56 unc c Black Bulbul Acridotheres trists Pycnonotus striatus 81 c 57 unc Common Myna Striated Bulbul A. albocinctus P. faviventris 82 c c c 58 unc unc Collared Myna Black-crested Bulbul

13382 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al.

Shangaung- Nansabun- Manu Wasandum Namthi route Village route Family: Muscicapidae Copsychus saularus 83 unc unc Oriental Magpie-robin Niltava sundara 84 unc unc Rufous-bellied Niltava N. macgrigoriae 85 unc unc Small Niltava N. grandis 86 unc unc Large Niltava Anthipes monileger 87 c White-gorgeted Flycatcher Brachypteryx leucophrys 88 s © A.E. Scopin Lesser Shortwing B. cruralis Image 3. Solitary Snipe Gallinago solitaria on the bank of Mali Hka 89 s Himalayan Shortwing River. Calliope tschebaiewi 90 s Chinese Rubythroat Myiomela leucura 91 s White-tailed Blue Robin Enicurus scouleri 92 c c Litle Forktail E. schistaceus 93 c unc c Slaty-backed Forktail Myophonus caeruleus 94 c unc c Blue Whistling-thrush Ficedula tricolor 95 s Slaty-blue Flycatcher F. hyperythra 96 c Snowy-browed Flycatcher F. strophiata 97 Rufous-gorgeted s Flycatcher Phoenicurus leucocephalus © A.E. Scopin 98 White-capped Water- unc unc unc Image 4. Sultan Tit Melanoсhlora sultanea in the rainforest redstart upperstory. P. fuliginosus 99 c unc c Plumbeous Water-redstart Saxicola ferreus 100 unc c Grey Bushchat Family: Irenidae our results and more recent surveys (Zhang et al. 2017; Irena puella 101 s Image 4). Asian Fairy-bluebird In summary, even brief birdwatching can give a Family: Chloropseidae general representaton of the avifauna of a territory Chloropsis hardwickii 102 unc Orange-bellied Leafird that was previously surveyed insufciently. The results Family: Estrildidae obtained allowed us to estmate the relatve frequency Lonchura striata 103 c of bird species occurrence on the permanent hiking White-rumped Munia routes in the region and to evaluate the potental of this Family: Motacillidae territory for promotng birdwatching tourism. Motacilla alba 104 c c White Wagtail M. cinerea References 105 c c Grey Wagtail Total species 61 45 47 Baker, E.C.S. (1922). The Fauna of Britsh India including Ceylon and Key Burma: Birds, Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, London, 479pp. Baker, E.C.S. (1930). The Fauna of Britsh India including Ceylon and a - abundant 3 1 2 Burma: Birds, Vols. 7 & 8. Taylor & Francis, London, 801pp. c - common 22 9 24 Cheng, T.H. (1976). Distributonal List of Chinese Birds (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing Insttute of Zoology, Beijing, 1218pp. unc - uncommon 27 31 12 Cornet, N. & E. Alibert (2005). Journey through the last untouched s - single 9 4 9 forests of Myanmar. The Babbler 13: 2–6; htps://www. darwininitiative.org.uk/documents/12025/3485/12-025%20 AR2%20Annex%208%20162.12.025.pdf

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384 13383 Avian survey in tourist sites, Myanmar Scopin et al. del Hoyo, J. & N.J. Collar (2014). HBW and Birdlife Internatonal Rappole, J.H., T. Aung, P.C. Rasmussen & S.C. Renner (2011). Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Non-. Ornithological exploraton in the southeastern sub-Himalayan Lynx Edicions and BirdLife Internatonal, Barcelona, Spain and region of Myanmar. Ornithological Monographs 70: 10–29; htps:// Cambridge, UK, 903pp. doi.org/10.1525/om.2011.70.1.10 del Hoyo, J. & N.J. Collar (2016). HBW and Birdlife Internatonal Renner, S.C. & J.H. Rappole (2011). Bird diversity, biogeographic Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Vol. 2: Passerines. Lynx paterns, and endemism of the eastern and southeastern Edicions, Barcelona, 1013pp. sub-Himalayan mountains. Ornithological Monographs 70: 153– Ekstrom, J. & S. Butchart (2016). Gallinago solitaria. In: The IUCN 166; htps://doi.org/10.1525/om.2011.70.1.153 Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693075A93382331; Renner, S.C., J.H. Rappole, C. Milensky, M. Aung, N.M. Shwe & T. Downloaded on 01 April 2018. htps://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN. Aung (2015). Avifauna of the southeastern Himalayan mountains UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693075A93382331.en and neighboring Myanmar hill country. Bonn Zoological Bulletn - Ghosh, S., S.B. Roy & B.K. Duta (2010). Occurrence of Himalayan Supplementum 62: 1–75. Rubythroat, pectoralis tschebaiewi (Prz.), Passeriformes: Renner, S.C., J.H. Rappole, M. Kyaw, C.M. Milensky & M. Päckert Turdinae in Chhatsgarh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of (2018). Genetc confrmaton of the species status of Jabouilleia India 110(3): 119–121. naungmungensis. Journal of Ornithology 159(1): 63–71; htps://doi. King, B.F., H. Buck, R. Ferguson, T. Fisher, C. Goblet, H. Nickel & W. org/10.1007/s10336-017-1493-0 Suter (2001). Birds recorded during two expeditons to north Robson, C. (2008). A Field Guide to the Birds of south-east Asia. Myanmar (Burma). Forktail 17: 29–40. Christofer Helm, London, 544pp. Kinnear, N.B. (1934). On the birds of the Adung Wang Valley, north- Singh, P. (1994). Recent birds records from Arunachal Pradesh. Forktail east Burma. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 37: 10: 65–104. 347–368. Smythies, B.E. (1949). A reconnaissance of the N’Mai Hka drainage, Lwin, K.N. & K.M.M. Thwin (2003). Birds of Myanmar. Silkworm northern Burma. The IBIS 91(4): 627–648; htps://doi.org/10.1111/ Books, Bangkok, 166pp. j.1474-919X.1949.tb02314.x Oates, E.W. (1883a). A Handbook of the Birds of Britsh Burmah, Smythies, B.E. (1953). The Birds of Burma. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, including those from the adjoining state of Karennee, Vol. 1. R.H. 668pp. Porter & Co., London, 431pp Stanford, J.K. & С.В. Ticehurst (1939). On the birds of northern Oates, E.W. (1883b). A Handbook of the Birds of Britsh Burmah, Burma, part V. The IBIS 81(1): 1–45; htps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474- including those from the adjoining state of Karennee, Vol. 2. R.H. 919X.1939.tb03959.x Porter & Co., London, 493pp. Twin, H.K.M.M., K.S. Lwin, S.C. Renner & J.P. Dumbacher (2011). Rappole, J.H. (2013). The Avian Migrant: The Biology of Bird Migraton. Ornithology of northern Myanmar. Ornithological Monographs Columbia University Press, New York, 464pp. 70(1): 109–141; htps://doi.org/10.1525/om.2011.70.1.109 Rappole, J.H., S.C. Renner, N.M. Shwe & P.R. Sweet (2005). A new Zhang, M.-X., M. Kyaw, G.-G. Li, J.-B. Zhao, X.-L. Zeng, K. Swa & R.-C. species of Scimitar-Babbler (Timaliidae: Jabouilleia) from the sub- Quan (2017). Bird diversity in northern Myanmar and conservaton Himalayan region of Myanmar. The Auk 122(4): 1064–1070; htps:// implicatons. Zoological Research 38(5): 264–280; htps://doi. doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1064:ANSOST]2.0.CO;2 org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.059

Threatened Taxa

13384 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2019 | 11(3): 13377–13384

PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

February 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 3 | Pages: 13251–13418 Date of Publicaton: 26 February 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.3.13251-13418

Artcles Sacred groves: a traditonal way of conserving plant diversity in West Midnapore District, West Bengal, India ‘Non-protected’ primates as bushmeat, pets and pests in southeastern – Uday Kumar Sen, Pp. 13350–13359 Democratc Republic of Congo – Paul Kaseya Kazaba, Pp. 13251–13260 Review

Diversity, structure and natural history of amphibians in the upper Media reportng on the protected areas in Maharashtra, India: Claro River basin, a bufer zone of the Natonal Natural Park Los a thematc analysis Nevados, Central Cordillera of Colombia -- Trupthi Narayan & Pankaj Sekhsaria, Pp. 13360–13376 – Julián Andrés Rojas-Morales & Mateo Marín-Martnez, Pp. 13261– 13277 Short Communicatons

Communicatons Avian survey in tourist sites near Putao in northern Myanmar – Alexey E. Scopin, Vladimir N. Sotnikov, Dmitry V. Skumatov & Medium and large-sized mammals in an Atlantc Forest fragment of Alexey A. Sergeyev, Pp. 13377–13384 Brazil: recording of threatened species – Vinícius Nunes Alves, Caroline Marques Maia, Telma Regina Alves & New record of Blue-eyed Eastern Spadefoot Toad Leptobrachium Renata Cristna Batsta Fonseca, Pp. 13278–13286 bompu (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Sarpang District in – Jigme Tenzin & Jigme Tshelthrim Wangyal, Pp. 13385–13389 Nuisance behaviors of macaques in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Natonal Park, Palawan, Philippines New record of Low’s Flataced Longhorn Beetle Sarothrocera lowii -- Lief Erikson Gamalo, Joselito Baril, Judeline Dimalibot, Augusto Asis, White, 1846 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini) in Brian Anas, Nevong Puna & Vachel Gay Paller, Pp. 13287–13294 Nagaland, India, along with frst-tme descriptons of male and female genitalia Current data on the reproducton of Four-horned Antelope – Kolla Sreedevi, Manisha Sharma & Hemant Vasant Ghate, Tetracerus quadricornis in zoological parks Pp. 13390–13394 – Gérard Dubost, Stéphane Labes & Armelle Lutz, Pp. 13295–13303 On the rediscovery of Onychomesa susainathani, an emesine bug Characterizaton of dorsal guard hair of the wild goats and sheep endemic to India (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) (Bovidae: Caprinae) occurring in the Himalaya and Western Ghats of -- Hemant Vasant Ghate & Balasaheb Sarode, Pp. 13395–13401 India – Manokaran Kamalakannan, Pp. 13304–13309 First record of the callianassid ghost shrimp Neocallichirus jousseaumei (Nobili, 1904) (Decapoda: Axiidea) from India Rediscovery of the ‘extnct’ bee Hesperocolletes douglasi Michener, – Imtyaz Beleem, Paresh Poriya & Bharatsinh Gohil, Pp. 13402–13405 1965 (Colletdae: Colletnae: Paracolletni) in Western Australia and frst descripton of the female New distributon records of four species of crop wild relatves to India – Juliana Pille Arnold, Mark V. Murphy, Raphael K. Didham & – K. Pradheep, K. Joseph John, G.D. Harish, S.M. Sultan, I. Jaisankar, Terry F. Houston, Pp. 13310–13319 K. Naveen, S.P. Ahlawat & Manish Kanwat, Pp. 13406–13414

Buterfies of the myristca swamp forests of Shendurney Wildlife Note Sanctuary in the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India – Prabhakaran Chandrika Sujitha, Gopal Prasad & Kalesh Sadasivan, -fungal interactons 3: frst report of mycophagy by the Pp. 13320–13333 African Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus africanus Gray, 1842 (Mammalia: Rodenta: Hystricidae) Pollinaton ecology of three ecologically valuable carpetweed herbs, – Todd F. Elliot, Camille Truong, Olivier Séné & Terry W. Henkel, Mollugo cerviana, M. nudicaulis and M. pentaphylla (Molluginaceae) Pp. 13415–13418 – Maddala Sulakshana & Aluri Jacob Solomon Raju, Pp. 13334–13349 Publisher & Host

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