DOI: https://doi.org/10.31833/uav.2019.19.008
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ANCIENT HILLFORTS OF THE UFA-BELAYA INTERFLUVE: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL REALITIES
A. Kolonskyh
: , - , , ,
- - XVIII – XX . - . ( , , , .) - .
Keywords: hillforts, the Ufa-Belaya interluve region, archaeological site, Early Iron Age, Early Middle Ages
The article compares some current archaeological data concerning fortiied settlements located in the Ufa-Belaya interluve region with the evidence from the historical materials of the XVIII – the beginning of the XX centuries AD as well as the results of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface. Such procedure enabled to specify the inventory information referred to the hillforts of the Early Iron Age period in the Ufa-Belaya interluve region.
, - , - - 132 ( ) - ( . 1). - , - , , - , - , - - . 250 , - - . , I [ , 1970. . 143; , 1976. . 96]. - - - [ , 2015. . 22]. - - [ , 1980. . 2-6; , , - 2000. . 155-164]. , - . , . - - - I – . « - » 1873 . - « » : - , - 1883 . [ , 1980. . 1-2; , , 2000. . 155]. « -
© . ., 2019. . . 19. . 82-94. . 1. - Fig. 1. Fortiied settlements of the Ufa-Belskoye interluve of the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages » [ …, 1873], - « » : [ …, 1883], - , , « , . , - », 400 , – , - . . [ .., 1873. . 143-148; . . , - , 1926. . 46-47]. , - – « …» « , » [ , 2013. . 8].
83 . 2. -I . 1 – [ , 1770.]; 2 – (yandex.ru) I Fig. 2. Kamyshinskoe-I fortiication. 1 – Plan of the Aybashevsky settlement [Rychkov, 1770.]; 2 – Satellite picture (yandex.ru) of Kamyshinsky I settlement - . , - . I , - , - , II I 200 , - [ , , 2000. . 155]. - . . , 2 . I , . . - II , [ , 2005.
84 . 3. -I . 1 – . . (2014 .); 2 – . . (2005 .); 3 – . . (1980 .); 4 – . . (2011 .) Fig. 3. Topographic plans of the Kamyshinsky-I settlement. 1 – A.G. Kolonsky (2014); 2 – I.M. Akbulatov (2005); 3 – B.B. Ageev (1980); 4 – V.V. Ovsyannikov (2011)
85 1980 . – . .) . . - , - [ - , , 2011. . 20]. , . . - II - I [ ., 2015. . 89]. II - 2014 . - 450 - , 2,62 - - . - ( . 4). 1983 . . . I - – « IV» 1. , - I II . . 1958 ., - [ , 1970. . 143] [ ., 2015. . 87], . - . - [ , 1976. . 96]. , . . [ - , 2005. . 30-31]. . - . . . , - « » . 4. . [ ., 1762. . 201-202]. Fig. 4. Settlements in the vicinity of Birsk - - . 29-31]. - . . « I - » « - [ . …, 1914. . 467]. » [ , 1996. № 46. . 97-98]. - . - ( . . - . 2005 . . . 1 III . . . . 1979 [ , 1981. . 25], .
86 . 5. – I,II,III Fig. 5. Localization of the Kamyshinsky - I, II, III and Aybashevsky settlements ( – ), – , - - [ , 2005. . 6-7]. - . . [ ., 2012. . 263]. , - . . « - …», : « - , . . , , [ ] , … - [ ., 1770. - . 150-151]. , - ...; 40 - , - ; . , 30 - » [ ., 1762. . 201-202]. ( - , ) – , - . . , - ( ) [ , , I ( . 2, 3). 2011. . 15-18]. - , XVIII ., « » « » - , , . . 2005 .,
87 . 6. I ( ) . 1 – (yandex.ru); 2 – I . . 1971 . . . ; 3 – . . 1914 . Fig. 6. Yakimovskoe I (Chudkovo) settlement. 1 – satellite picture of the site after (yandex.ru); 2 – plan of Yakimovsky I settlement by V.F. Gening 1971 on the topobase of L.A. Berkutov; 3 – Plan of the Yakimovsky settlement of L.A. Berkutov 1914 . - . - . , (?) , - . . . , , - , 12-15 , ( . 4, 5). - . . . , - – . I , 70-80 , , . . , - . . , , , . . [ , 1770. . . . . 152]. , . . , ( . . - – ( ) – . .) , [ …, 1883. . 388]. -
88 . 7. . : 1 – -3, . . 1974 ; 2 – . . 1971 ; 3 – . . 1957 . Fig. 7. Archaeological sites near the village Andreevka: 1 – Plan OAN Andreevka-3, village by V.A. Ivanov 1974; 2 – plan of the settlement by V.F. Gening 1971; 3 – Copy of the plan of the settlement after A.P. Shokurov 1957 , - – , - – . , , . . . 2014-2015 . , , , - XVIII . . [ …, 1883. . 388]. , - , ( – . ( ) « » – , - « » – , . . « ») [ - , . , , 1994. . 10]. 2005 . . . - 2. , - [ , 2005. . 17-18], , - , , XVIII-XIX . , . . , . . ( . 4). 13, 30 60 2 24 1953 . №253, 30 1960 . №1327, 22 1961 . №188.
89 . 8. ( . . 2016 .) Fig. 8. The plan of the Andreev settlement (see A.G. Kolonsky 2016)
, . , , [ , 1952. . 61; , 1976. . . - . 95], - . -7 [ ., 2007. . 92-93]. ( ). , - , - ( I II ( . 6), - . . – ) - XX . , , . . [ , 1914. – ( ) . 86-89]. [ - . . , - , 2005. . 16-17, 20] ( . 4). [ , 1971 . . 136]. - ( ) [ , 1996. . 100, 113] . , « », . . XVIII . - – , , – [ , 1976. [ , . 97-98]. – 1770. . 145]. - , - , . , . . - . . - , ( - [ , 2008]. « ) . [ - » , 1770. . 149-150]. 1970 . , . . - , . . - 1964 , . . [ , 1926. . 46] 31 1972 .
90 . . , , - , - , 1960 , [ , 2016. . 41-47]: – - 1) [ , 1971 . . 9]. 350 - - - - - . , 365 - . ( . 8); 2) . . - , - 300 - - [ , 1971 . . , . 132-133]. - . . 1894 . - . . « -3, : «… , ». …» [ , 1899. . 60]. 1957 . . . - , - . - , , - 1 , , ( – . - , , , - . . – . .) - - - [ , 1957. . 78]. – - - . . , . . - - - - [ , 1971 . . 132-133]. - (GPS) 1974 . . . - , - [ , 1974. . 7-9]. , . - , , - ( . 7). - , . . . , , - - . . , - - . , - , .
. . - . . . . . , 1980. 20 . / . . . // . ., . . II . 1914. . IV. // . №2. 2000. . 155-164. . 35-96. . . - . . , - // - 2005 , 2005. . №1 / . . . . : , 1926. . 40-50. 145 . / . . . , 1976: - . I. -
. .: , 1976. 264 . (III . . . – II . . .) // . , 1996: . 10. 1971 . . 3-159. ( - . . . . 6) / . . . . . : . II. - , 1996. 280 . . . III . . . – II . . . // . . 11. 1971 . . : , 1994. 112 . . 3-224.
91 . . , , . . [ .]. .: . . , 1914. 669 . № 327. , 1974. 18 c. / - . . , - . . 6, . 13. . . ( - , 1769 ) / . . . - 1770 . .: . . , 1770. 189 . . . VIII: 1882-1883 . [ . . , ]. : http://mrodnov.ru/fr/5/ - public/Ruf.%20T-VIII.pdf. 2013. 308 . . .2. .: . . , 1762. 331 . . . - . . , - - - [ , ] : http://www.gasrb.ru/ shegere6. html. 1.12. 2008. / . . . . . . - : « », 2012. 432 . . . ., . ., - : . . - // . . : - . 2- . . 1. . - , . : « - . .- . . : , », 2007. 140 . 2015. . 21-23. . , 1981: - . - 1882-1883 . – , 1971-1980 . / . // V. . . . . , 1981. 80 . - . . - / . . . . , 1883. . 328-355. , . . 1893 1894 . // - . ( , . . 3 / . . . . . . . ) // .: - . № 27. .: - , , 1899. . 42-74. 1952. 228 . . ., . . - . . - - - : . , 2011. 105 c. / « « - » Dn250 130-137 , . 162-173,8 . « - ». - . ., . ., . . » , - - - // . . 15. 2015. . 85-110. 2016 . , 2016. 144 . . . . . II / . 1957 . - . . . , 1873. . 139-166. . . .1 , 1957. 93 . / . : - -1. -1. №1507. / . . . - . . - - . . . . - . - . . . . 5: . // / . . / . . . , . . - . . . .: , 1970. . 131-160.
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