Gainesville, Georgia Community-Wide Historic Structural Survey
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Gainesville, Georgia Community-Wide Historic Structural Survey Prepared for the City of Gainesville, Community Development Department September 2011 Gainesville, Georgia Community-wide Historic Structural Survey Prepared for: The City of Gainesville, Georgia Gainesville Historic Preservation Commission and Community Development Department This publication has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior through the Historic Preservation Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or consultants constitute endorsement or recommendation by these agencies. This program received Federal financial assistance for the identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, gender, or disability in its federally-assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20240. Brockington and Associates, Inc. Atlanta • Charleston • Elizabethtown • Pensacola • Savannah tAble of contEntS lIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................................v lIST OF TablES ........................................................................................................................................................vii CHAPtER 1. IntRoDUCtION.......................................................................................................................1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS ......................................................................................................1 1.3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................................3 1.4 ASSESSING NRHP ELIGIBILITY .................................................................................................3 CHAPtER 2. HISTORICAL AnD ARCHItECtURAL CONTEXt..........................................5 2.1 HISTORY OF GAINESVILLE AND HALL COUNTY .........................................................5 2.1.1 Early Development, 1818-1871 .........................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Business, Industry, and Education, 1872-1900 ..............................................................................6 2.1.3 Twentieth Century Progress, 1900-1967 ..........................................................................................9 2.2 ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................10 2.2.1 House Types ..........................................................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Architectural Styles ..............................................................................................................................18 2.2.3 Local Architectural Character ...........................................................................................................28 2.2.4 Local Architects and Builders ............................................................................................................29 CHAPtER 3. PHASE I StRUCtURAL SURVEY ..................................................................................33 3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................33 3.2 HISTORY OF PHASE I SURVEY AREA .....................................................................................37 3.3 PHASE I SURVEY RESULTS ...............................................................................................................40 3.3.1 Potential District Areas ......................................................................................................................40 3.3.2 Individual Resources............................................................................................................................45 3.4 PHASE I SURVEY RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................................46 3.4.1 Potential Local Historic Districts ......................................................................................................46 3.4.2 Recommendations for Future Survey Phases ..................................................................................46 3.4.3 Potential Threats to Historic Resources ...........................................................................................49 3.5 PHASE I CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................49 CHAPtER 4. PHASE II StRUCtURAL SURVEY ...............................................................................51 4.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................51 4.2 HISTORY OF PHASE II SURVEY AREA ...................................................................................51 4.3 PHASE II SURVEY RESULTS ..........................................................................................................54 4.3.1 Potential District Areas ......................................................................................................................57 4.3.2 Individual Resources............................................................................................................................71 4.4 PHASE II SURVEY RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................74 4.4.1 Potential Local Historic Districts ......................................................................................................74 4.4.2 Individual Resources............................................................................................................................79 Brockington and Associates iii 4.4.3 Recommendations for Future Survey Phases ..................................................................................82 4.4.4 Potential Threats to Historic Resources ...........................................................................................82 4.5 PHASE II CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................83 CHAPtER 5. PHASE III StRUCtURAL SURVEY .............................................................................85 5.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................85 5.2 HISTORY OF PHASE III SURVEY AREA .................................................................................85 5.3 PHASE III SURVEY RESULTS ........................................................................................................87 5.3.1 Potential District Areas ......................................................................................................................88 5.3.2 Individual Resources............................................................................................................................93 5.4 PHASE III SURVEY RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................96 5.4.1 Potential Local Historic Districts ......................................................................................................96 5.4.2 Individual Resources............................................................................................................................98 5.4.3 Recommendations for Future Survey Phases ..................................................................................104 5.4.4 Potential Threats to Historic Resources ...........................................................................................104 5.5 PHASE III SURVEY CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................105 CHAPtER 6. PHASE IV StRUCtURAL SURVEY ..............................................................................107 6.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................107 6.2 HISTORY OF PHASE IV SURVEY AREA .................................................................................107 6.3 PHASE IV SURVEY RESULTS .........................................................................................................122 6.4 PHASE IV SURVEY RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................124 6.4.1 Potential Local Historic Districts ......................................................................................................124