Quarterly Report # 2 FY2018 Livestock Development Program

January – March 2018

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

Fintrac Inc. www.fintrac.com [email protected]

US Virgin Islands 3077 Kronprindsens Gade 72 St. Thomas, USVI 00802 Tel: (340) 776-7600 Fax: (340) 776-7601

Washington, DC 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Tel: (202) 462-8475 Fax: (202) 462-8478

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program (FTFZ-LD) Suite 1, West Block Westgate Shopping Complex Westgate, Zimbabwe Tel: +263 24 2309050 [email protected] www.fintrac.com

Cover Photo: Patrick Bhebhe (far left) from Ward 13, Gokwe South, Midlands in his fully established paddock of Star and Kikuyu grasses with his improved Red Dane-Tuli cow and artificially inseminated beef-dairy cow,. All Photos by Fintrac

April 2018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by Fintrac Inc. under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 with USAID/Zimbabwe.

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

CONTENTS

ACRONYM LIST ...... I FOREWORD ...... II 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ...... 4 3. ACTIVITIES ...... 6 3.1 BENEFICIARIES ...... 7 3.2 INCREMENTAL SALES ...... 8 3.2.1 Sales of Milk and Dairy Products ...... 8 3.2.2 Beef Product Sales ...... 9 3.3 PRODUCTIVITY ...... 10 3.3.1 Productivity Training and Technical Assistance ...... 10 3.3.2 Improved Technologies and Management Practices ...... 13 3.3.3 Breeding ...... 16 3.3.4 Other GAHPs ...... 17 3.3.5 Partnerships ...... 19 3.4 NUTRITION AND WASH ...... 20 3.4.1 Nutrition and wash training and technical assistance ...... 20 3.4.2 Monitoring behavior change in nutrition AND WASH ...... 21 3.5 BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL LINKAGES ...... 26 3.5.1 Technical Assistance and Training ...... 27 3.5.2 Access to Finance and Credit ...... 28 3.5.3 Access to Markets ...... 29 3.5.4 Farmer-led Extension Systems ...... 29 3.5.5 Investment ...... 29 3.6 LOCAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ...... 29 3.6.1 LEAD Trust ...... 29 3.6.2 Microfinance Institution and Beneficiary Farmers ...... 30 3.6.3 Milk Aggregator – Lovemore Ncube...... 30 3.6.4 Small scale Dairy Processor – Gavin Canter, ZADT and Milk Aggregators ...... 30 3.6.5 Gokwe Dairy Cooperative...... 31 4. ENVIRONMENT ...... 32

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ...... 32 4.2 EMMP ...... 33 5. GENDER ...... 36 5.1 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ...... 37 5.1.1. Gender and Youth Inclusion Awareness ...... 38 5.2 GENDER TRAININGS ...... 39 5.3 MEASURING GENDER IMPACT AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ...... 39 5.3.1 Adoption of beef-dairy concept earns farmer extra income ...... 40 5.3.2 Investment in animal health pays for female farmer...... 40 5.3.3 Family empowerment through investment ...... 40 5.3.4 Farmer invests in cold chain for milk bulking ...... 41 5.3.5 “What men can do, women can do better” ...... 41 5.4 LEADERSHIP ...... 41 5.5 ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY, FINANCE, CREDIT, AND MARKETS ...... 42 5.5.1 Access to Technology ...... 42 5.5.2 Access to Finance and Credit ...... 42 5.5.3 Access to Markets ...... 43 5.6 STRENGTHENING WOMEN AND YOUTH THROUGH GROUPS ...... 43 6. LESSONS LEARNED ...... 44 7. CHALLENGES ...... 45 8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER ...... 46 ANNEX 1. SNAPSHOTS...... 47 ANNEX 2. LIST OF BUYERS ...... 50 ANNEX 3. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS ...... 51 ANNEX 4. SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT REVIEW ...... 53 ANNEX 5. ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS ...... 55

Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

ACRONYM LIST

ABS-TCM African Breeders Services Total Cattle Management Ltd. AGRITEX Department of Agricultural, Technical and Extension Services AI Artificial Insemination CBO Community-based Organization CBS Competitive Brand Shapers CIRIS Client Impact and Results Information System DLPD Division of Livestock Production and Development DVS Department of Veterinary Services EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan FMD Foot and Mouth Disease FTF Feed the Future FY Fiscal Year GAPs Good Agricultural Practice(s) GAHPs Good Animal Husbandry Practice(s) GBV Gender-based Violence GDCS Gokwe Dairy Cooperative Society ISAL Internal Savings and Lending LOP Life of Program MCC Milk Collection Center M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFI Microfinance Institution MOU Memorandum of Understanding MWAGCD Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development NGO Nongovernmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan PPE Personal Protective Equipment SSC Small-Scale Commercial USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

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FOREWORD

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program began on June 23, 2015 and runs through June 22, 2020. The program is providing training and technical assistance to sustainably reduce rural poverty and improve household food security, incomes, and nutritional status among beef and dairy smallholder producers through agricultural-led economic growth activities concentrated on increasing production, productivity, and market linkages. Activities aim to assist communities build resilience to potential food shocks and reduce reliance upon emergency food assistance. The program also works on cross cutting activities in gender, youth and nutrition helping to promote nutritious food and diet diversification, especially among women and children. Activities are confined to agro-ecological regions III, IV, and V focusing on low-income and food-insecure households with the potential to move from subsistence to small-scale commercial farmers. In addition, the program seeks to improve the capacity of its local partners to implement agricultural development programs. Commercialization of small-scale beef and dairy farmers on communal and non-contested land is being achieved by: Raising efficiencies in beef and dairy production systems; Facilitating access to inputs, technology, finance, and credit; Linking producers to local, national, regional, and international buyers; Training smallholder farmers to adopt good agricultural, business, and animal husbandry practices; Training smallholder farmers to adopt good nutrition and hygiene practices; and Strengthening the capacity of the local partners to implement agricultural development programs. The program is building demand for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products by focusing on quality, continuity of supply, and cost-competitiveness. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program also collaborates with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development program and other donor programs to provide specialized technical support to produce nutritious crops that sustainably increase the availability of these foods among beneficiary households. Fintrac is implementing the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program in collaboration with local private companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Department of Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX), the Division of Livestock Production and Development (DLPD), the Department of Veterinary Services, and other Zimbabwean government departments involved in the beef and dairy value chains, nutrition, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) activities. Local non-governmental organizations and commercial companies work with the program as development partners, to co-fund purchases of essential inputs and new technologies for demonstration purposes. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is a market-driven program that works closely with small, medium, and large-scale buyers to raise demand and increase competition for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products. The program directly contributes to food availability and access by concurrently increasing production and raising incomes of rural households in selected areas.

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the eleventh quarterly report for the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program funded by USAID/Zimbabwe under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 and implemented by Fintrac Inc. The report presents activity achievements, results on some performance indicators1, and anecdotal information from beneficiaries covering the period January to March 2018 (Q2 Fiscal Year [FY] 2018). The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is providing technical assistance to build resilience, reduce poverty, and improve food security among 1,800 beef and 1,200 dairy smallholder households in Natural Regions III, IV, and V. The program focuses on agricultural-led economic growth through increasing production, productivity, and market linkages of beef and dairy farmers to improve food security and income while reducing hunger and under-nutrition, with particular focus on women and children. Program activities during the quarter focused on: Training and technical assistance in: o Production and productivity enhancing GAHPs, dosing, vaccination, construction of appropriate cattle handling facilities, and calf rearing techniques. o Business skills, recordkeeping, market intelligence, contract management, credit management, farm planning, group marketing, and enterprise budgeting. o Fodder flow planning, production, harvesting, preservation, and conservation. Mobilizing farmers and cattle for sales off the rangeland direct to formal markets. Expanding the formal and informal marketing of milk and dairy products from program beneficiaries. Expanding and strengthening linkages of beneficiaries and other value chain players with credit and finance providers. Building the capacity of the program’s local implementing partners, internal savings and lending (ISALs) and farmers’ groups. Creating awareness, training, and technical assistance on cross cutting issues of gender; environment; nutrition and WASH. Most program areas received reasonable rains starting in late January 2018 and lasting to the end of the quarter. The rains were effective and evenly distributed, which positively impacted both the availability of drinking water and water for crop and livestock activities. However, because of the extended dry spell from mid-December 2017, crops that were planted early were a write-off in all areas except for velvet beans, sorghum, and millets. Farmers took advantage of the rains to establish their food and fodder crops as advised by the program. Drought-tolerant, short-season varieties were recommended for both food and fodder crops. Farmers planted silage maize (using retained seed), velvet beans, sugar beans, cow peas, and sunn hemp, and permanent pasture species such as Star, Bana, Kikuyu, and Cenchrus grasses. The rangeland has fully recovered and in some areas grass has matured with hay cutting activities in progress. Consequently, cattle condition has improved to an average body condition score of 3.0 and sales off the rangeland to formal markets have commenced. The improved cow condition is also encouraging natural breeding from local bulls and some farmers are now requesting artificial insemination (AI) services.

1 Full results on all indicators will be available in the fourth quarter once the Annual Household Survey, a sample survey, is completed among randomly selected program beneficiaries. The Annual Household Survey collects data on 21 of 33 indicators monitored by the program.

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Notable program achievements this quarter included: The program continued to build the capacity of its beneficiary farmers to conserve natural resources and adapt to climate change. Four hundred and seventy-eight beneficiaries, 54 percent women, received training and technical assistance on environmental related subjects. An environmental assessment on a random sample of 124 beneficiary farmers (81 beef and 43 dairy) indicated that beneficiaries are heeding program advice to combat soil erosion and land degradation through increased planting of multi-purpose trees and grasses. In addition, the assessment found positive response to program messaging on the proper use of dips and chemical remedies, use of appropriate equipment, and use of PPE when spraying chemicals. Through gender mainstreaming, women and youth empowerment messages, trainings, and technical assistance, the program witnessed a consistent increase in the number of women and youth participating and excelling in livestock production and marketing. Program interventions benefited 841 households (1,009 individual farmers, 52 percent women) of which 251 (301 individual farmers, 57 percent women) were new to the program. The program has cumulatively worked with 4,914 beef and dairy households (5,897 individual farmers, 45 percent women) since inception in June 2015. The program continued to promote production and productivity enhancing GAHPs and GAPs, business practices, and technologies around the 79 established centers of excellence2. Fodder production; AI; disease prevention and control; supplementary and pen feeding; construction of appropriate cattle handling facilities; calf rearing; marketing; and quality control all contributed to improved livestock and whole farm productivity. During the quarter, 792 program beneficiaries (51 percent women) received training on fodder flow budgeting, planning, production, and conservation. Five hundred and three beneficiaries had established 150 hectares of various fodder crops and pastures. Fodder demonstrations to promote the adoption and bulking of Stylosanthes, silver leaf, Cenchrus, Brachiaria, Arachis, star and Bana grass seed were established on lead farmer managed plots in , Gokwe South, , Chirumanzu, and . Beneficiary farmers delivered 75,398 liters of milk valued at $39,693 to formal markets (MCCs and processors) collaborating with the program, which is slightly down from the same quarter last year owing to a longer dry spell. Thirty-one smallholder beef beneficiaries sold 38 cattle worth $19,131 to abattoirs collaborating with the program. All animals were sold off the rangeland. Twelve calves from AI were born, bringing the cumulative total to 22 calves from the 78 cows confirmed pregnant in FY2017. To improve on the achieved calving rate of 28 percent and complement the inseminator(s) competency, the program continued to train farmers on the key pre-requisites for successful AI. The program trained 506 beneficiaries (62 percent women) on nutrition-related topics and to 613 beneficiaries (56 percent women) on WASH-related topics to promote positive behavior change in nutrition and WASH. 150 farmers, 73 percent women, received training on infant feeding, and 122 farmers, 73 percent women, received maternal health training focusing on improved nutrition and reduced labor for expecting mothers. Twenty-four private organizations/associations, including seven women’s groups received training and technical assistance on farming as a family business, governance issues, credit and contract management, group marketing, electronic banking, recordkeeping, group funding, and bundling

2 These are work in progress aiming to sustainably adopt GAPs and GAHPs; herd sizes allowing sale of 4 beef cattle per annum; milk at least two quality dairy cows with a production of 12 liters per day for 300 days; and practicing good environmental, nutrition and hygiene activities.

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group savings. As a result, 46 beneficiaries (39 percent women) were able to access $20,865 from financial institutions in loans for financing production and productive assets. The program’s group savings and lending model continued to provide economic opportunities for women, as well as men, to finance livestock and income generating activities. In Gokwe South, the program facilitated the disbursement of internal savings worth $350 to one farmer from Kutrya Group for purchasing a breeding heifer. The program continued to train farmers on the use of alternative forms of transacting given the continued cash shortages. Beneficiaries are gradually adopting and embracing mobile and electronic methods of transacting. After 34 months of implementation, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is on course to meet its objectives. A summary of performance against PMP indicators is shown in Annex 5. Many of the figures, which rely on the annual household survey (AHS), cannot be calculated for this quarter but anecdotal data reveals that progress is being made. In the coming quarter, the program will continue to provide training and technical assistance on GAHPs and GAPs that improve livestock production and productivity on a sustainable basis taking into account the feedback and lessons learned from program implementation over the past two years. Specifically, the program will intensify efforts on harvesting and conservation of fodder; cattle breeding and health; off- rangeland cattle sales; mobilizing resources for pen fattening; and solidifying market linkages for dairy farmers in and Chirumanzu districts.

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2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program seeks to reduce poverty and increase food security, hygiene, and nutrition status among 1,800 beef and 1,200 dairy smallholder farmers in Natural Regions III, IV, and V. The program focuses on increasing production, productivity, and market linkages of beef and dairy farmers to sustainably improve their food security, incomes, hygiene, and nutritional status. The program will accomplish this goal through the achievement of three intermediate results: Increased agricultural production and productivity of targeted beef and dairy smallholder farmers through greater market linkages; access to appropriate credit and finance; investment; and adoption of GAHPs and technologies. Improved hygiene and nutrition-related behaviors through training on good household nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation practices, and exclusive breastfeeding. Increased capacity of local organizations to implement USAID and agricultural development programs through transferring skills; sharing best practices; and attracting new investments in private sector organizations. These efforts will entail partnering with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development program. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program concentrates on profitable beef and dairy production and income generation through appropriate and sustainable interventions3 that sustainably improve the livelihoods and build the resilience of vulnerable livestock owners. These activities will help rural families transition from subsistence to commercial farming and increase their net worth through investment in cattle and other on-farm productivity-enhancing assets. Figure 2 summarizes the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s implementation approach. Interventions will sustainably raise production, productivity, and incomes from smallholder beef and dairy systems; improve hygiene practices and behaviors; increase the availability and utilization of nutritious foods; expand market access and availability of credit and finance across value chains; add value to beef and dairy products; and boost agricultural investment as well as adoption of best organizational practices by local implementers. To maximize outreach and ensure sustainability, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is partnering with commercial companies, NGOs, and relevant government departments. Collaboration with the government has enabled easy entry into target areas; led to the sharing of technical information and training platforms; and will enable a sustainable program exit. Developing commercial partnerships through a national network of agribusinesses strengthens farmers’ access to markets with fair prices; provides working capital and finance at realistic rates; supplies inputs efficiently; and provides extension and training to growers as an embedded cost. Partnerships focus on establishing service provision options at market rates. During the third year (FY2018) program activities are focusing on: Improving productivity and reducing unit costs of production to improve the competitiveness of smallholder farmers in the beef and dairy sector through training and technical assistance and adoption of improved technologies and management practices. Increasing demand for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products by focusing on improved quality, increased quantity, and better supply logistics by facilitating and building linkages with both formal and informal buyers of smallholder beef and dairy products.

3 Interventions such as herd rationalization combined with linkages to abattoirs and auction sales; use of low cost feed sources; production of fodder plans and implementing them; linkages with sources of finance and input suppliers

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Expanding the availability of improved inputs for beef and dairy farmers throughout Natural Regions (NRs) III, IV, and V by creating new commercial partnerships with input suppliers as well as introducing low- to no-cost interventions that improve productivity, animal health and nutrition. Maintaining and creating more sustainable markets and harnessing new private investments in beef and dairy by supporting new business models in both the formal and informal sectors. Increasing access to finance for all value chain actors to facilitate investment in the beef and dairy sectors. Improving nutrition and sanitation through awareness, training, and technical assistance as part of ensuring a well-nourished and healthy rural population. Prioritizing coordination with other USAID, donor, and government investments in the target areas to maximize leveraging and impact per dollar spent. Maximizing outreach and ensuring sustainability by implementing interventions through partnerships with commercial companies and/or other NGOs. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s technical team will develop and manage these partnerships to create a national network of agribusinesses and supporting organizations that can supply inputs efficiently; provide extension and training to dairy and beef farmers as an embedded cost; provide working capital and finance at realistic rates; and guarantee access to markets at fair prices. The strategy continues to mainstream gender and youth to ensure sustainable, inclusive, and transformative agricultural-led economic growth, and monitors progress from baseline to quantifiably report on impact.

Figure 1: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Results Framework Summary

GOAL: PROVIDE INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES TO SUSTAINABLY REDUCE POVERTY AND IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION FOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ZIMBABWE

Increased organizational capacity of Increased agricultural production, Improved nutrition and hygiene local implementing organizations productivity, and incomes practices and behaviors

Adoption of best Adoption of GAPs and Access to finance Improved hygiene Improved adequacy and organizational GAHPs and credit and behaviors utilization of nutritious foods practices investment and exclusive breastfeeding

BDS Partnerships Standards Environment Market linkages Gender

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3. ACTIVITIES

Program activities during the quarter focused on training farmers on fodder budgeting; production and conservation; mobilizing cattle for sale off the rangeland; continued development of the milk aggregator model; training and technical assistance on production and productivity enhancing GAHPs; drought mitigation strategies; business development skills; WASH and nutrition; building the capacity of farmer groups; ISALs/PPLS and local implementing partners; and linking farmers to credit, finance, and markets for live animals and dairy products. Rainfall had a significant impact on program activities this quarter. All program areas received evenly distributed and effective rains as from end of January 2018, which continued to the end of March 2018. The crop and livestock situation greatly improved; crops and pasture that had nearly reached permanent wilting point in January 2018, have recovered. The bulk of the early planted crops failed in all areas except for velvet bean, sorghum and millet. However, in Chirumanzu district, farmers had reasonable harvests of the early crop from the wetlands. The poor rainfall pattern at the start of the season affected fodder planting. When the rains finally began at the end of January 2018, some farmers were reluctant to plant fearing that they would lose the late crop to livestock. The program advised farmers to plant drought tolerant short season varieties of both food and fodder crops. Farmers planted silage maize (using retained seed), velvet beans, sugar beans, cowpeas, sunn hemp, and permanent pasture species such as Star, bana, Kikuyu, and Cenchrus grasses. By the end of the quarter, the early planted fodder crops (mainly velvet bean and sorghum), which survived the dry spell were ready for harvesting while the late crop was at the early vegetative stage. Despite drying out in January 2018, the rangeland had fully recovered and has continued to benefit from the late March 2018 rains. Grass is available in abundance in most areas for the cattle to graze. Cattle condition has greatly improved to an average body condition of 3.0. The sections below describe the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program activities during the quarter in seven categories with some results on the 33 monitored indicators (one gender- specific, 11 Feed the Future, and 21 custom). Beneficiaries: Number, gender balance, geographical spread, and types of support received. Sales: Amount of new money earned by beneficiaries, measured by sales of all agricultural products. Gross margin and net income: Profitability and net earnings from beef and dairy activities. Productivity: Direct interventions resulting in increased production and net returns from beef and dairy production. Nutrition and hygiene: Interventions targeted for positive behavior change in nutrition, and WASH activities. Business development and market access: Interventions targeted at developing the organizational capacity of farmer groups; improving access to finance and credit; developing business skills among beneficiary farmers and collaborating partners; and strengthening market linkages and promoting farmer-led extension systems. Organizational capacity development: Support to local partners and farmer groups working with the program to enhance their effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability in implementing development programs.

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3.1 BENEFICIARIES

EG. 3-1 Number of households benefiting directly from USG assistance under FTF During the quarter, program interventions benefited 841 households (1,009 individual farmers) of which 251 households (301 individual farmers) were new (Table 3.1.1 & 3.1.3). This brings the cumulative number of beef and dairy rural households that have benefited since program inception in June 2015 to 4,914 (5,897 individual farmers, 45 percent women)4 . Table 3.1.1 Geographical distribution of program beneficiary households, Q2 FY2018 FY 2016 TO Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 Cumulative Value Femal Chain District Female Male Total Male Total Female Male Total e Chipinge 621 821 1,442 28 13 41 649 834 1,483 Chirumanzu 198 270 468 25 17 42 223 287 510 Gokwe South 152 210 362 9 20 29 161 230 391 Beef Gweru 134 151 285 28 10 38 162 161 323 Kwekwe 173 228 401 10 17 27 183 245 428 Umzingwane 178 159 337 21 1 22 199 160 359 Sub-total 1,456 1,839 3,295 121 78 199 1,577 1,917 3,494 Chipinge 6 17 23 0 0 0 6 17 23 Chirumanzu 138 154 292 4 9 13 142 163 305 Communa Gokwe South 362 468 830 6 4 10 368 472 840 l Dairy Gweru 11 13 24 0 3 3 11 16 27 Kwekwe 2 3 5 1 0 1 3 3 6 Umzingwane 37 40 77 10 10 20 47 50 97 Sub-total 556 695 1,251 21 26 47 577 721 1,298 Chipinge 3 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 3 Chirumanzu 18 21 39 1 3 4 19 24 43 SSC Dairy Gokwe South 21 38 59 0 0 0 21 38 59 Umzingwane 8 8 16 0 1 1 8 9 17 Sub-total 50 67 117 1 4 5 51 71 122 Grand Total 2,062 2,601 4,663 143 108 251 2,205 2,709 4,914

By the end of the quarter, the program had reached 50 percent of the targeted new households for FY2018 (Table 3.1.2). Although the program is on track toward achieving its overall annual beneficiary target, there is need to intensify efforts for identifying new dairy farmers. Activities that unlock new and viable dairy markets for smallholder farmers, through training and technical assistance on the aggregator model and the beef-dairy concept, will be scaled up in Chirumanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane districts for the remainder of FY2018. Table 3.1.2: New beneficiary households reached, Q2 FY2018 Q1 Q2 Q1 & Q2 FY2018 Target Progress to date Beef Households 391 199 590 720 82% Dairy Households 33 52 85 480 18% Total (Beef & Dairy) 424 251 675 1,350 50% Program assistance during the review period benefitted 1,009 farmers5 (52 percent women) compared to 895 (50 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 3.1.3). Program interventions included but were

4 This only accounts for beneficiaries from the continuing six operational districts. Due to funding shortfalls activities were suspended in Lupane, , Nkayi and at the end of December 2017. 5 Farmers meeting the program’s beneficiary selection criteria - having a total herd size of 10 or less cattle (for beef) and milking no more than two cows (for dairy) on initial contact with the program. In addition, smallholder farmers must be earning $500 or less per annum per household; with 75 percent of income emanating from agricultural activities. Small scale commercial farmers (SSC) must be milking more than two cows and earning an annual household income of $1,500 or less on initial contact with the program. Seventy-five percent of income must be from agricultural activities. SSC must not exceed 30 percent of the dairy farmers

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 7 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 not limited to training and technical assistance on GAPs and GAHPs, market linkages, farmer linkages with financiers, fodder production, and business skills; good nutrition and WASH practices; environmental issues, which include use of PERSUAP compliant chemicals in animal, fodder and food crops; use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe disposal of chemicals; and the establishment of woodlots for timber, fodder and orchards. Table 3.1.3: Program Interventions,Q2 FY 2018 Combined Unique Beef Farmers Dairy Farmers Activities Farmers Females Males Total Females Males Total Females Males Total Trainings and TA 380 317 697 144 168 312 524 485 1,0096 Farmers receiving credit 7 7 14 11 21 32 18 28 46 During the quarter, 46 farmers (18 females) accessed credit from MFIs working with the program. The farmers used this capital for water infrastructure projects; purchasing heifers and farm machinery; and working capital to purchase inputs. 3.2 INCREMENTAL SALES

Resilience among smallholder farmers occurs when markets are readily available and farmers have the confidence to transact and make profitable sales. The program continues to focus on expanding market access for beef and dairy products from smallholder farmers by facilitating and building positive value chain relationships between private sector players and beneficiaries. Market interventions in this quarter included: Facilitating linkages between beef farmers in Kwekwe, Gweru, and Chipinge with buyers and abattoirs, such as Montana Carswell Meats, Koala Park, and Molu’s Abattoir. These buyers purchased 38 cattle off the rangeland from 31 program beneficiaries worth $19,131. Exploring possibilities of partnering with small to medium sized milk processors to absorb output from Umzingwane and Chirumanzu. Engagement meetings continued with Red Tractor Farm, a milk processor based in , . Capacity building of farmer-cum-aggregator Lovemore Ncube in Umzingwane, who set up a bulking service with minimal processing for farmers in the Irisvale area continued. Capacity building of Gokwe MCC to improve viability. Technical assistance to Umsungwe Block farmers, and Chirumanzu beef-dairy beneficiaries in preparation for selling to formal markets. 3.2.1 Sales of Milk and Dairy Products Dairy farmers from program focus areas of Gokwe South and Umzingwane delivered 75,398 liters of milk valued at $39,693 to formal markets (MCCs and processors) collaborating with the program. This was 8 percent lower than the 81,689 liters worth $38,240 delivered during the same period in the previous year (Table 3.2.1). The decrease is attributed to low production from low feeding regimens as most farmers had exhausted their low-cost on-farm feed reserves and were relying on the rangeland. The onset of the dry spell from mid-December 2017, which lasted until the end of January 2018, had a negative impact on the rangeland and farmers had limited resources to purchase adequate feed for maximum production. The program also continued to track sales of dairy products through the informal market and 17,460 liters worth $5,304 were sold by farmers from Chirumanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, Kwekwe, and Umzingwane who have adopted the beef-dairy concept. The program is encouraging farmers to milk their beef cows

6 Although there were beef farmers trained in dairy subjects and dairy farmers trained in beef subjects, this figure is for unique trainees i.e. there is no double counting of farmers trained in both beef and dairy training areas. The figure also comprises of both new and continuing farmers.

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 8 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 for household milk consumption and selling any surplus into the local markets for additional income. This concept is used as a stepping stone for higher income generation through milk sales to formal markets. In Gweru district, the program is working with six farmers who produced 6,030 liters of milk from their beef cows over the reporting period. All the milk was sold as natural sour at farm gate and in Gweru town for $1,507. The program provided technical assistance on final preparations necessary for selling into the formal market. One of the farmers, Francisca Paramu has met all the regulatory requirements for formal milk marketing and will start delivering her milk to large scale commercial processor Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited in April 2018. Table 3.2.1: Recorded Milk Sales from Program Focus Areas , Q2 FY2018 January – March 2017 January – March 2018 Quantity (l) Value ($) Quantity (l) Value ($) Buyer i) Beef – Dairy Milk production Gokwe – non MCC 1,860 1,860 1,500 750Farm Gate (Sengwa) Chirumanzu – non MCC 16,935 4,262 9,379 2,678 Farm Gate and Vending Umzingwane – non MCC 635 635 190 190 Farm Gate and Vending Gweru-non MCC 372 372 6,030 1,507 Farm Gate and Vending Kwekwe (Ngondoma) 20 27 361 179 Farm Gate and Vending Total 19,822 7,156 17,460 5,304 ii) Raw milk delivered to formal markets Gokwe MCC members 27,667 11,561 24,948 13,220 MCC Umzingwane Aggregators 0 0 2,005 1,123 Red Tractor, MCC Umzingwane – Non MCC 54,022 26,679 42,879 22,233 Kershelmer, Dendairy Umzingwane MCC members 0 0 5,566 3117 MCC Total 81,689 38,240 75,398 39,693 Using the experience gained in implementing the aggregator model in Umzingwane district, the program engaged 23 beef-dairy farmers in Chirumanzu district’s wards 1 and 11 to participate in an aggregator model that would link them to a small-scale dairy processor 30 kilometers away. The beneficiaries currently sell their milk locally mainly as natural sour. During the quarter, the program engaged the processor who is committed to purchasing 100 liters of raw milk daily; facilitated the training of beneficiaries on clean milk production; and conducted contagious abortion (CA) and quality tests through Dairy Services on five herds from Zezai, Rusungunuko and Tagarika villages as pre-requisite to formal milk marketing. The five herds are free of the zoonotic disease and the milk’s quality is good. Remaining herds of the 23 farmers will be subjected to similar tests in the next quarter as beneficiaries buy into the aggregator model. The low production volumes and lack of cold chains remain the greatest challenge for formal milk market development. The program will continue to build on and explore other models, particularly those that bring the processor closer to the farmers. 3.2.2 Beef Product Sales With the improvement in condition of cattle from grazing the natural rangeland, the program encouraged farmers to cull unproductive stock at a time when their condition is still good. Cull cows and old oxen that are unlikely to survive the lean season and also perform poorly in feedlots were targeted for off the rangeland sales. Sales off the rangeland targeting cull animals is one strategy of building resilience and sustainability to the farmers’ livestock business as this generates resources for reinvestment into feed, veterinary drugs, and other remedies, which ensures survival of the productive herd during the lean season. Selling animals for slaughter was subdued in all program areas for the greater part of the reporting period as farmers held onto their cattle due to depressed beef prices. Beef prices declined significantly in January 2018 with economy and commercial grades dropping from $4.55 and $4.70 per kilogram cold dressed

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 9 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 mass in mid-December 2017 to $2.65 and $2.90 per kilogram, respectively in January 2018. The prices started recovering in March 2018 ending at $3.10 and $3.20 for economy and commercial grades, respectively. Table 3.2.2 summarizes sales to formal markets from beneficiaries tracked by the program during the quarter. In Chipinge, 25 program beneficiaries, 32 percent women sold 30 cattle to Molus’ and Koala Park abattoirs worth $14,258 off the rangeland. In Gweru, five program beneficiaries took advantage of the recovering prices and relatively good condition of their cattle to sell off their seven cull cattle to MC Meats for $4,288. Table 3.2.2 Program Monitored Direct Sales of Cattle off the Rangelands to Abattoirs Q2 FY 2018 Number of Number Lowest Highest Total Gross District Buyers animals sold of farmers price($) price($) income($) Kwekwe 1 1 Montana Carswell Meats - - 585 Chipinge 30 25 Molus; Koala Park 272.98 939.89 14,258 Gweru 7 5 Montana Carswell 344.00 988 4,288 Grand Total 38 31 19,131 / Average

3.3 PRODUCTIVITY

The program’s technical team, relevant government departments, and collaborating partner extension workers carried out productivity enhancing activities through training and technical assistance aimed at improving the reproductive efficiency and general cattle performance; and GAHPs related to herd health, animal nutrition, herd rationalization, and breeding. Other productivity topics covered included fodder budgeting, production, conservation and establishment of fodder and fruit trees. Trainings and technical assistance were provided through farmer managed demonstrations at centres of excellence, radiating to the mentored farmers and focusing on the GAHPs and technologies which increase production and productivity of both beef and dairy herds. Increases in productivity are monitored through two FTF indicators, summarized below. In addition, some of the demonstrated technologies and interventions undertaken to increase productivity during the review period are described in detail under Sections 3.3.1; 3.3.2; and 3.3.3 below. 3.3.1 Productivity Training and Technical Assistance EG.3.2-1 Number of individuals who have received USG-supported short term agricultural sector productivity or food security training There was a 13 percent increase in the number of beneficiaries participating in program activities compared to the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.1). Participation in training activities increased in Chirumanzu as interventions to link farmers to formal markets intensified. Table 3.3.1.1: Unique Individual Farmer Trainees, Q2 FY 2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 168 108 276 61 154 122 276 56 Chirumanzu 61 71 132 46 119 120 239 50 Gokwe South 68 128 196 35 71 108 179 40 Gweru 45 50 95 47 54 35 89 61 Kwekwe 49 45 94 52 39 54 93 42 Umzingwane 54 48 102 53 87 46 133 65 Total 445 450 895 50 524 485 10097 52

7 These are unique beneficiaries trained in beef and dairy. 794 farmers were trained in beef topics and 430 on dairy topics. Dairy trainings were not restricted to dairy farmers only and neither were beef trainings restricted to beef farmers only. Typically the majority of the livestock

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 10 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

A total of 794 beneficiaries (51 percent women) received training and technical assistance on beef production related topics informed by the beef production calendar compared to 797 beneficiaries (50 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.2). Table 3.3.1.2: Beef Trainings in Program Areas, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 % % District Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 168 108 276 61 152 122 274 55 Chirumanzu 56 58 114 49 87 85 172 51 Gokwe South 55 108 163 34 45 71 116 39 Gweru 42 47 89 47 49 31 80 61 Kwekwe 44 45 89 49 36 54 90 40 Umzingwane 36 30 66 55 39 23 62 63 Total 401 396 797 50 408 386 794 51

Practical and theoretical trainings on appropriate GAHPs, which included cattle marketing; cattle grading; cattle handling facilities; disease identification, prevention and control; feed formulation; fodder planning and production; cattle breeding and general cattle management practices (Table 3.3.1.3) were covered. Table 3.3.1.3: Beef Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 % % Subject Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Animal Breeding 37 42 79 47 46 49 95 48 Animal Health 5 10 15 33 20 16 36 56 Artificial Insemination 93 144 237 39 31 85 116 27 Theory/Practical Bull Examination 2 8 10 20 5 21 26 19 Calf Management 4 3 7 57 5 8 13 38 Cattle and Meat Grading 109 166 275 40 34 89 123 28 Disease Prevention and Control 97 137 234 41 107 117 224 48 Disease Treatment 27 37 64 42 21 29 50 42 Drought Mitigation Strategies 37 76 113 33 9 12 21 43 Feed Formulation 23 40 63 37 10 7 17 59 Fodder Production 233 204 437 53 295 289 584 51 Handling Facilities 74 99 173 43 120 143 263 46 Heat Synchronization 2 7 9 22 3 13 16 19 Husbandry Practices 225 242 467 48 249 279 528 47 Marketing 150 229 379 40 172 191 363 47 Pen Fattening 239 277 516 46 33 86 119 28

beneficiaries own a dual purpose animal hence our beef-dairy concept. There was an overlap in which dairy trainings were extended to willing beef farmers as the latter may be converted into dairy farmers as long as they are able to milk their beef cows and sell milk. Similarly, there were dairy farmers who attended beef trainings as the male offspring from their dairy enterprises are raised for beef. Thus, the 794 farmers who received beef training included dairy farmers and the 430 farmers who received dairy training included beef farmers. Overall, the unique number (without multiple counting) of beef and dairy farmers trained was 1,009. The difference between 1,009 and 1,224 gives an indicative number of farmers who received both beef and dairy training.

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Table 3.3.1.3: Beef Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 % % Subject Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Supplementary Feeding 27 24 51 53 31 25 56 55 Urea Treatment of Stover 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Other** 41 35 76 54 23 31 54 43 **Other training subjects include fodder flow planning, beef-dairy concepts and breeding concepts

Four hundred and thirty beneficiaries (50 percent women) were trained on dairy production related topics during the quarter compared to 487 in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.4). had the largest number of dairy trainings. Gokwe MCC is providing a ready market for milk; hence farmers are motivated to improve their technical skills in production, handling, and marketing of milk. It is important to note that the number of farmers attending dairy related trainings in Chirumanzu more than doubled during the quarter as prospects of having a formal market increased with the engagement of a local processor and rolling out of the aggregator model. Table 3.3.1.4: Dairy Trainings in Program Areas, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 46 11 57 81 36 36 72 50 Chirumanzu 18 31 49 37 62 55 117 53 Gokwe South 71 162 233 30 55 88 143 38 Gweru 5 3 8 63 6 4 10 60 Kwekwe 19 20 39 49 2 3 5 40 Umzingwane 51 50 101 50 53 30 83 64 Total 210 277 487 43 214 216 430 50

Training topics covered in dairy production included fodder production, milk marketing, milk hygiene, calf management, cattle handling facilities, cattle breeding, and husbandry practices (Table 3.3.1.5). Table 3.3.1.5:Dairy Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Animal Health 14 14 28 50 2 6 8 25 Artificial Insemination Theory/Practical 19 21 40 48 47 47 94 50 Bull Examination 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calf Management 59 63 122 48 56 48 104 54 Disease Prevention and Control 10 16 26 38 33 36 69 48 Disease Treatment 0 1 1 0 5 6 11 45 Feed Formulation 25 48 73 34 4 4 8 50 Fodder Production 70 111 181 39 147 137 284 52 Handling Facilities 31 45 76 41 52 73 125 42 Heat Synchronization 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 20 Heifer Procurement 0 0 0 0 12 14 26 46 Husbandry Practices 96 120 216 44 117 150 267 44 Marketing 77 104 181 43 163 136 299 55 Quality Control 46 65 111 41 61 75 136 45 Supplementary Feeding 21 24 45 47 4 7 11 36

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Table 3.3.1.5:Dairy Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Urea Treatment of Stover 7 3 10 70 0 0 0 0 Drought Mitigation Strategies 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 60 Other** 72 71 143 50 36 52 88 41 **Other training subjects include fodder flow planning, beef-dairy concepts and breeding concepts 3.3.2 Improved Technologies and Management Practices EG.3.2-17 Number of farmers and others who have applied improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance

The program continued to promote production and productivity enhancing GAPs and GAHPs, business practices, and technologies around the established centers of excellence during the quarter. Promoted technologies included fodder production; low-cost maintenance feed formulations; and appropriate cattle handling facilities. Low-cost maintenance feeding The dry spell prolonged the need for supplementary feeding, especially of lactating and pregnant cows. The program continued to train and provide technical assistance to farmers on low-cost supplementary feeding using locally available feed sources.

All Photos by Fintrac Baxter Mafa displaying traditional feed for supplementary feeding.

The program linked dairy farmers in Gokwe South to Cotton Company Ginnery to source cotton motes. Through the Gokwe MCC, the farmers purchased 2.9 tons of cotton motes for supplementary feeding their milking cows. Milk production had dropped due to the deterioration of the rangelands as a result of the dry spell and heat wave. Baxter Mafa from Chemusonde feedlot, Gokwe South, received assistance on formulating feed using local feed sources (grass, tree pods, leaves and forage legumes) to supplement his cattle amid the dry spell that had depleted the rangeland. Fodder production In tropical countries like Zimbabwe, fodder production and conservation plays a critical role in ensuring good cattle body condition, growth, and milk production, especially during the dry season when the quality and quantity of forage from both pasture and range lands naturally decline.

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During the quarter, 792 program beneficiaries (51 percent women) received training on fodder flow budgeting, planning, production, and conservation. Five hundred and three beneficiaries had established 150 hectares of various fodder crops and pastures by the end of review period (Table 3.3.2). The promoted fodder and pasture crops included velvet bean, sunn hemp, maize, and forage sorghum. Velvet bean has been the most widely grown crop across both beef and dairy areas. Maize and sugar graze for silage and sunn hemp were also extensively grown. The program also set up lead farmer managed demonstrations for seed bulking and promoting adoption of other fodder crops such as silver leaf, Brachiaria, Arachis Cenchrus, Stylosanthes, Giant Rhodes, and Star grass. In Zimbabwe most pasture seeds are not readily available on the market, thus the program is training farmers to multiply seed for sales. Table 3.3.2: Fodder and Pasture demonstration plots established in Program Areas, Jan – March 2018 Velvet Sunn Sugar Maize Silver Cenchrus Stylosanthes Napier -Star Total leaf District Bean hemp graze Silage Fodder grass # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area # Area (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Kwekwe 8 1.1 5 1 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.2 0 0 1 0.05 18 2.45 Ward 6 Umzingwane Wards 8 1.5 1 0.2 1 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,6,7,13,18 14 5.7 Gokwe Wards 15 10 5 1 5 3 32 45 3 0.15 0 0 3 0.15 0 0 3 1.5 66 60.8 13,15,16, and 19 Chirumanzu Wards 1, 7 3 4 1 6 2 2 2 4 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.2 24 8.28 7,11 Gweru Wards 6, 7, 22 6 6 1.5 5 1.5 3 3 5 0.15 0 0 3 0.01 0 0 3 0.5 47 12.66 8, and 9 Chipinge – Mutema/Chi 100 16 10 4 100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.09 0 0 215 30.09 buwe Chipinge - Chisumbanje 60 21 5 2 53 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 119 30.01 /Checheche Total 220 58.6 36 10.7 171 25.6 41 52 12 0.38 0 0 9 0.36 6 0.1 8 2.25 503 149.99

Discussions initiated by the Irrigation Committee at Ngondoma, Kwekwe, were held to plant and establish Bana grass along contour ridges and storm drains in the scheme to ensure a seed bank for farmers in the area and increase fodder production. For those farmers who had managed to plant velvet bean, sunn hemp, and forage sorghum in the previous quarter, the crops performed well during the long dry spell. The prolonged dry spell, however, negatively affected the establishment and production of both food and fodder crops in most program focus areas as the bulk of plantings only took place at the end of January 2018 when rains resumed. With the rains projected to last until early May 2018, the program encouraged all program beneficiaries to plant drought tolerant, perennial, and short-season food and fodder crops to ensure both human and livestock food security throughout the year. Program beneficiaries responded favorably by planting additional 18 hectares velvet bean, 12 hectares silage maize, 8 hectares forage sorghum, 5 hectares perennial pastures and 3 hectares sunn hemp. Farmers also replanted the multi-purpose trees. In Umzingwane, Gokwe South, Gweru and Chipinge districts, the majority of early planted crops, both food and fodder, succumbed to the dry spell. The program encouraged farmers to salvage and preserve the wilting crops for livestock feed. Farmers who did not grow fodder crops were encouraged to harvest

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 14 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 hay from the rangeland. To ensure safe storage and prevent spoilage and wastage of the conserved forages, the program is encouraging farmers to bale their hay using dug out pits and to construct hay sheds. Silage Production The program also trained farmers on silage making as a way of preserving fodder for the lean season. Farmers made silage from maize, sorghum, a mixture of legumes such as velvet bean, sunn hemp and cereal crops, as well as from the drought affected maize. Farmers were encouraged to add molasses or maize meal to the drought affected maize crop as an additive to enhance the fermentation process. In Chipinge, Ladson Mubonesi of Ward 16 and Elizah Mhlanga of Ward 22 ensiled about 1.5 tons each of sorghum and grass forage while Sunungurai Gadha of Ward 4 ensiled about 700 kilograms of sorghum and grass fodder. In Gokwe South, beneficiary farmers managed to ensile 20 tons of silage from the drought affected maize.

All Photos by Fintrac (Left) Phillip Tafirei of Tagarika village standing in a hay shed with a handful of good quality hay harvested from the rangeland and (Right) Chipo Manyonganise, of Highlands 1 village working on her new hay shed for improved productivity of her beef-dairy herd

All Photos by Fintrac (Left) Ward 22, youth Elias Maphosa (left) and Albert Mhlanga (right) compact silage during a demonstration held at Elizah Mhlanga’s homestead, (Right) Women filling in silage pit with wilted maize using the layering method and mealie-meal as an additive, Zezai village, Chirumanzu

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3.3.3 Breeding Artificial insemination (AI), using locally available quality bulls, and the procurement of improved heifer breeds the primary breed improvement strategies used in all program focus areas. Farmers were trained on the key pre-requisites for a successful AI, which are a good body condition (of around 3.5); a well- protected cow seclusion area; good recordkeeping; proper and strong cattle handling facilities, and adequate stock pile of nutritious fodder to help maintain cow body condition during the whole pregnancy period. Farmers who do not meet these requirements will not be enrolled for breeding program. Farmers’ interest in AI is increasing in all program areas as more calves are born from AI activities carried out in FY2017 (see Annex 1). A total of 12 AI calves were born during the quarter bringing the cumulative number to 22 out of the 78 cows that were inseminated, a 28 percent calving rate against the national calving rate of 45 percent and an ideal calving rate of 60 percent (LPD, Crop Livestock Assessment report June 2017). The low percentage is attributable to farmers having a low appreciation of the pre-requisites for successful AI and failure to meet them. In all areas, there was a high proportion of cows that returned on heat after being confirmed pregnant at three months, indicating a high percentage of foetal loss due to stress imposed on the cows mainly from inadequate feeding and/or use for draft power. Some cows calved down at dates later than the expected; an indication of poor cow seclusion, recordkeeping and poor stockman ship after insemination. The program will continue to train farmers on AI and continuously collaborate, learn, and adapt (CLA) the AI

All Photos by Fintrac (Top Left) Robson Makuyana’s female Red Angus and Brahman cross calf, (Top Right) Isiah Maranele Red Brahman female calf, (Bottom left) Tafataona Musarafu’s second Simmental-Brahman male cross calf, (Bottom right) Norman Deruko’s Red Brahman cross female calf protocols to suit smallholder beneficiaries.

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In Chipinge, Robson Makuyana’s Brahman cow inseminated with Red Angus semen dropped a true-to- type Brangus cross female calf, while Tafataona Musarafu received two calves, a cross between Simmental and Brahman, and another between a Limousin and a Brahman. Godfrey Makuyana’s inseminated cow dropped a male cross Simmental calf. The progeny are expected to exhibit higher growth rates and improved carcass qualities with the Simmental and Brahman crosses having additional advantages of higher milk production. Farmers are encouraged to select and retain suitable male calves from the AI progeny as breeding bulls. In Chipinge, the program also linked 12 farmers, 59 percent women to MicroPlan Financial Services for loans to purchase 12 pregnant heifers from Taguta Farm, a local breeder. All the group members have an average of 0.3 hectares plot in Taona irrigation scheme where they get most of their incomes and also access to crop residues. The heifers are costing $800 each. 3.3.4 Other GAHPs The program in conjunction with DVS, AGRITEX, ABS-TCM, and input suppliers, promoted, trained, and provided technical assistance through farmer managed demonstrations at 1338 centers of excellence (70 women) on the following GAHPs and technologies. Calf and heifer rearing: The program trained farmers on good animal husbandry practices including calf and heifer management. The farmers were encouraged to take good care of calves to reduce diseases prevalent during the wet season such as pneumonia and foot rot. Good calf and heifer management also ensures adequate growth to attain marketable weights at ages between 30 and 36 months and breeding weights at 24 months. Farmers were also encouraged to construct calf pens that provide proper shelter for their calves to avoid mortalities. The program deliberately targeted all the farmers with calves from AI or those expecting AI calves. Drought mitigation: Following a break from the January dry spell that threatened pasture and crop production, farmers were urged to establish short-season varieties and small grains (sugar beans, sorghum and cowpeas) along with drought tolerant fodder crops such as velvet bean, sunn hemp, and sugar graze to prevent livestock poverty deaths and ensure household food security. Farmers were encouraged to invest in deep wells and pumps to improve access to water to increase resilience in the face of unpredictable weather patterns. Milk quality control: In Gokwe South, the program provided training and technical assistance to farmers on milk quality control, which included proper handling after milking; proper cleaning of utensils with appropriate detergents; and sieving. Adulteration of milk through addition of water, failure to observe the drug withdrawal periods and use of dirty utensils invariably reduces milk quality and makes it harmful for human consumption. Farmers often lack suitable detergents and sanitizers to properly clean utensils, hence risk spoiling the milk. Farmers were encouraged to purchase the recommended sanitizers and equipment and allow the MCC to sieve the milk upon delivery. Fall Army Worm (FAW): Fall army worm is an insect-pest that causes major damage to more than 80 crop species, including economically important crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, several other vegetable crops and cotton. In order to combat this widespread infestation, the program is taking action through GAP trainings to farmers, including integrated pest management and safe pesticide use. Integrated pest management practices such as intercropping and early planting have been messaged to program farmers. Farmers were also trained on identifying and conducting field scouting to enable them to monitor and detect FAW eggs and larvae early. In Gokwe South, the program encouraged farmers to

8 The program worked with 133 (90 beef and 43 dairy) centers of excellence across the program areas.

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 17 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 implement good agricultural practices and utilize Pesticide Evaluation and Safe Use Action Plan (PERSUAP) compliant pesticides including Lambda-Cyhalothrin® and Carbaryl® to combat FAW that is threatening maize yields. Pursuant to the trainings, two female farmers, one of whom realized a 75 percent reduction in maize yield in the previous agricultural season due to losses from the worm, jointly invested $12 to purchase 1 liter of Lambda-Cyhalothrin®, a PERSUAP- compliant pesticide, to spray on 2.5 hectares. Animal health and disease control: The program in collaboration with DVS and AGRITEX Photo by Fintrac trained 224 farmers on the importance of routine Grace Mamutse’s maize crop infested with FAW. and scheduled deworming, vaccinations, and dipping. Farmers were encouraged to deworm and dip their cattle regularly to control liver fluke and other intestinal worms as well as tick borne diseases such as heart water, prevalent during the rainy season. Farmers were also trained on the importance of using PERSUAP compliant remedies; correct dosages for internal worms and vaccinations; and rotating remedies to prevent build-up of pesticide resistance. Program beneficiaries mobilized their own resources to bulk purchase vaccines, dipping chemicals, and dosing remedies to control Senkobo (Dematophylasis), lumpy skin, heartwater diseases, black leg, anthrax and botulism, which are wide spread and endemic in some of the program focus areas. In Gokwe South district, farmers were trained on the use of Ivermectin®, Procaben®, penicillin-based drugs, and Penstrep® to treat cattle suffering from Senkobo, Parafilariasis, and lumpy skin diseases. The program also trained the farmers on the use of non-withdrawal drench, Nilzan bolus®, on lactating and pregnant cows to control internal parasites and improve feed utilization. Nilzan bolus® is a non-withdrawal drug that allows for continuous milking. Use of withdrawal drenches was discouraged as they involve a withdrawal period of 28 days when milk will not be consumed, which is uneconomical for the dairy business. In Umzingwane, 24 farmers including eight women mobilized $152 to purchase 300 milliliters of 3 in 1 anthrax, blackleg and botulism vaccine for their 150 cattle. The farmers further contributed $70 toward purchasing 2.5 liters of Albex® for deworming the same cattle. Farm infrastructure: Three hundred and sixty-four farmers, 44 percent women were trained on construction of cattle infrastructure covering cattle pens, races, and crushes. Construction of upgradable milking parlors was promoted in all areas where farmers had adopted the “beef-dairy” concept. The use of milking parlors improves milk hygiene and quality.

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Persistent wet weather conditions expose cattle to foot rot diseases. As a preventive measure, the program is promoting the construction of three cross sectional pens with a space allowance of at least 9m2 per head of cattle in the kraal. In instances where farmers have limited resources to construct the pen, use of an overnight paddock is recommended. Two farmers in Tagarika Village Ward 11, Chirumanzu, have implemented overnight paddocks on their fallow land.

All Photos by Fintrac (Left) Mavis Makechemu of Rusungunuko village showcasing her recently constructed three sectional pen with a race and (Right) Irvine Gonga standing with his herd of cattle in an overnight paddock all from Chirumanzu. Note the healthy stock comfortably resting despite the persistent wet weather that characterized the quarter.

Dehorning, castration and ear tagging The program in collaboration with AGRITEX and DVS conducted training and demonstrations on good animal cattle management practices covering dehorning, castration, ear tagging, and branding. Castration removes undesirable bulls and improves the quality of meat while dehorning improves cattle handling, feeding and transportation efficiencies. In Chirumanzu, the training resulted in beneficiaries castrating twenty one bull calves during the quarter, paving way for selective mating of desirable animals to occur in the future. In Umzingwane, a demonstration on ear tagging with 23 farmers (52 percent women) in Ward 6 at Mathendele Village ear tagged 13 cattle belonging to two farmers. The farmers were encouraged to ear tag their cattle for recordkeeping and identification in case of loss. 3.3.5 Partnerships EG.3.2-5 Number of public-private partnerships formed as a result of USG assistance Partnerships with providers of finance and credit, marketing, and business development are a key part of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s approach to sustainable commercialization of small-scale farmers. Engaging commercial companies ensures market-led program interventions that deliver tailor-made products and services to smallholder farmers thus building resilience and long term business relationships which outlast the program’s life. Buyers, input suppliers, and financial institutions have in-house expertise in beef and dairy production, quality standards, and market specifications that they can transfer to small-scale producers. The program has long standing relationships and partnerships (spanning from program inception to date) and continues to engage new companies, see list of companies the program has or is working with in Annexes 2 and 3.

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During the quarter the program continued to focus on strengthening the relationship among small-scale dairy farmers in Umzingwane district; the milk-aggregator; and the small-scale processor, Red Tractor Farm. Zimbabwe Agricultural Development Trust (ZADT)- which manages the CREATE Fund was engaged and a proposal was developed and submitted to one of the banks for financing the expansion of Red Tractor Farm’s dairy processing business which in turn will provide more capacity to absorb increased production from smallholder dairy farmers in Umzingwane. Efforts to formalize the relationship with Molus Meats in Chipinge were carried out. An MOU has been developed to consolidate the relationship. In Chirumanzu the program engaged small scale milk processor and retailer Mostrad Venge who is interested in buying milk from program beneficiaries. 3.4 NUTRITION AND WASH

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is committed to improving the nutrition and hygiene status of all beneficiary farmers participating in the program, especially among women and children. The program’s approach promotes social behavior change for the uptake of positive nutrition and hygiene related practices such as diet diversification, promotion of highly nutritious and safe foods among other nutritional behaviors that improve maternal and child health. The program continued to enhance the capacities of beneficiary families to feed themselves better and practice good hygiene through integrating nutrition and WASH messages in all program activities to ensure a well-nourished and healthy rural population. In particular, production and preservation of diverse crops and rearing of small livestock enough for household needs; the consumption of milk; and construction of basic sanitary facilities at household level were promoted to ensure clean homestead environments and healthy family members. 3.4.1 Nutrition and wash training and technical assistance Training and technical assistance was carried out in collaboration with AGRITEX, and village health workers to disseminate information on good nutrition and WASH practices covering topics on food groups, exclusive breastfeeding, food handling and storage and good hygiene. 3.4.1.1 Nutrition trainings The program provided training and technical assistance targeting key behaviors that improve nutritional outcomes among household members. Training activities aimed at improving household access to diversified local nutrient-dense foods through production, collection from the wild and preservation. During the quarter, 506 beneficiaries (62 percent women) compared to 440 beneficiaries (57 percent women) in the last quarter were trained on basic nutrition covering food groups; value addition through food preservation and storage; food and meal preparation; nutrition gardens establishment and management and small livestock production (Table 3.4.1). The program continued to target women with trainings to ensure improved nutrition outcomes, as they are the primary caregivers within the household. Emphasis was on encouraging beneficiary farmers to collect and preserve the abundantly available summer season produce. Table 3.4.1: Nutrition Trainings by District, Q2 FY 2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 111 64 175 63 61 42 103 59 Chirumanzu 16 12 28 57 70 28 98 71 Gokwe South 21 36 57 37 48 59 107 45 Gweru 23 36 59 39 41 18 59 69 Kwekwe 42 30 72 58 22 20 42 52 Umzingwane 37 12 49 76 70 27 97 72 Total 250 190 440 57 312 194 506 62 3.4.1.2 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) trainings

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The program’s WASH activities aim at increasing positive hygiene outcomes among beneficiary livestock farmers. During the quarter, 613 beneficiaries, 56 percent women, were trained on WASH related topics (Table 3.4.2). Specific topics included but not limited to optimal hand washing practices; improved access to water; food safety actions; soap making; safe disposal of human and household waste. Table 3.4.2: Summary of WASH Trainings by District in Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 150 74 224 67 92 71 163 56 Chirumanzu 35 71 106 33 73 67 140 52 Gokwe South 20 51 71 28 50 76 126 40 Gweru 51 57 108 47 49 26 75 65 Kwekwe 29 24 53 55 25 19 44 57 Umzingwane 44 25 69 64 52 13 65 80 Total 329 302 631 52 341 272 613 56

3.4.1.3 Child Health and Nutrition Training The program continued to train and increase awareness on child health and nutrition among beneficiaries with emphasis on the adverse effects of stunting; promoting adoption of practices that address the nutrition of women of reproductive age during pregnancy and lactation, and optimal infant and young child feeding. Program activities increased awareness on the link between bad hygiene and chronic malnutrition and stunting. Two hundred and fifty-nine beneficiaries, 68 percent women, participated in child health and nutrition trainings compared to 197 beneficiaries, 68 percent women, during the last quarter (Table 3.4.3). Table 3.4.3: Child Health and Nutrition Trainings in Program Focus Areas, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women Chipinge 90 39 129 70 65 49 114 57 Chirumanzu 5 4 9 56 3 1 4 75 Gokwe South 6 9 15 40 27 12 39 69 Gweru 1 7 8 13 20 2 22 91 Kwekwe 8 3 11 73 7 4 11 64 Umzingwane 24 1 25 96 54 15 69 78 Total 134 63 197 68 176 83 259 68 Source: CIRIS 3.4.2 Monitoring behavior change in nutrition AND WASH Improved behavior change in Nutrition and WASH was tracked through six indicators under three sub- intermediary components: Improved utilization of nutritious foods Increase prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding Improved hygiene behaviors

Below is a summary of anecdotal information and achievements during the review period. 3.4.2.1 Improved Utilization of Nutritious Foods

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Beneficiary farmers were encouraged to increase farm-level production and productivity by taking advantage of the rainy season. Farmers were sensitized to appreciate that increased productivity improved their physical and economic access to a more diverse diet for the household ensuring well-nourished and healthy rural population. This quarter, the program combined trainings and demonstrations to raise awareness on improving nutrition habits on diets and hygiene practices. Farmers were encouraged to consume, collect and preserve locally available wild and home-grown fruits; vegetables; and insects currently in abundance. Farmers were also encouraged to produce and consume animal protein from poultry, small livestock and milk. Utilization of nutritious foods by program beneficiaries during Photo by Fintrac the review period is reported under four monitored Phumiselani Sibanda, Gweru district, indicators: collected guavas from her family orchard for drying LD2 Percent of households that consistently consume at least 5 of the 9 food groups HL.9.1-c Women’s dietary diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age; LD12 Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger; LD14 Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet

LD2 Percent of households that consistently consume at least 5 of the 9 food groups

During the quarter, program trainings and messages on food groups highlighted that good nutrition is a prerequisite for a healthy and active life for livestock farmers. It was noted during discussions that the most consumed food by farmers is cereals (sadza), vegetables (dried or fresh), fat and occasional animal protein intake. The program promotes farm production diversity to increase household access to diverse foods. Beneficiary farmers were encouraged to rear poultry and to plant a variety of crops, vegetables and fruit trees in their gardens to yield harvests for all year around supply. Program trainings sensitized women on meal planning and inclusion of at least five different types of food groups at each family meal per day. Three hundred and eighty-nine farmers, 60 percent women, participated in sessions that discussed access; identity and preparation of the nine different food groups compared to 312 farmers, 61 percent women in the previous quarter. One hundred and seventy-eight farmers, 63 percent women participated in training sessions that promoted the establishment and management of nutrition gardens and the GAPS associated with producing the diverse crops. Sikhangele Ndlovu from Umzingwane, Matabeleland South ensured year round dietary diversity for her six-member household through regular consumption of five out of nine food groups, which include grains; roots and tubers; dairy; eggs; meat; and vitamin A rich vegetables. Besides consuming a chicken every second week and a minimum of three eggs per family member on a weekly basis, Ndlovu’s family also accesses milk from her two lactating cows. To enable access to all food groups during the lean season, Ndlovu has preserved more than 10 kilograms of spider leaf (ulude) following program trainings on low- cost hygienic food preservation techniques using solar driers. “I am happy with the program’s trainings on food groups and dietary diversity, now my family is eating a balanced diet,” said Ndlovu. Denford Sitshebo from Kwekwe, Midlands has ensured dietary diversity for his five-member household by rearing guinea fowls, which produce 13 eggs per day to complement the other protein source- fresh

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 22 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 and sour milk from his three cows that recently calved down. Sitshebo sells excess eggs and milk locally and use the income to purchase mackerel fish and beef. “My children are less fussy eaters now that we have a varied diet,” said Sitshebo. Through program trainings, Sitshebo has also planted 0.4 hectares of groundnuts and 10 fruit trees around his homestead. He has since established 0.05 hectares of Stylosanthes to improve milk production from the current daily yield of 10 liters. HL.9.1-c Women’s dietary diversity: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age

In collaboration with village health workers and AGRITEX the program continued to raise awareness on the need for women of reproductive age (15-49 years) to adopt a range of sound nutrition practices. Women were encouraged to establish kitchen gardens which are often controlled by mothers. These gardens occupy small areas, use grey water for watering and increase women access to diverse foods. In these kitchen gardens, the program is recommending production of vegetables which include covo, tomatoes, onions, spinach, pepper and beans. Farmers were encouraged to ensure women of reproductive age consume at least Photo by Fintrac three balanced meals daily, take de-worming Nyadzisai Ngwenya and her kitchen garden tablets annually and take iron-folic acid tablets during pregnancy to reduce anemia. These sessions also targeted males and household influencers i.e. mother in-laws to ensure women of reproductive age and pregnant women consumed diverse diets to meet daily micronutrient needs. Nyadzisai Ngwenya from Kwekwe established a kitchen garden after receiving training on nutrition and WASH. The garden measuring 2m x 2m is very small, near her dish washing area and uses recycled water. Ngwenya has purchased covo and cherry wonder tomato seeds to develop the garden. LD12 Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger The program continued with its whole farm approach to sustainably improve beneficiary households’ food and nutrition security by promoting the production of nutrient dense and income generating agricultural commodities. Despite the dry spell, which affected grain crops especially maize, farmers were encouraged to plant drought tolerant short-season varieties of cowpeas, sugar beans, sorghum, and millets when the rains commenced at the end of January 2018. Farmers were also encouraged to rear small livestock (poultry, goats and rabbits) as these require little initial capital; low running costs; prolific short production cycles; and generate extra household income. Lucia Zvidzayi from Gokwe South district earned more than $150 from selling spider flower (ulude) to her neighbors. Zvidzayi used part of the proceeds to buy other food items for her household, which were no longer available in her nutrition garden due to the dry spell and heat wave. The program trained and encouraged farmers to collect, utilize, preserve, and store locally available foods and sell the surplus for extra income.

LD14 Prevalence of children 6-23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet

The program increases awareness among beneficiary farmers of the need to introduce complementary food to infants after six months, as milk alone is not enough to keep babies growing. Mothers were encouraged to make nutritious dense porridge for children using cow and goat milk and different locally available food sources.

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Trainings discouraged women to feed their children unhealthy snacks. The need to introduce pureed or mashed foods twice a day to children 6-23 months was also emphasized. Farmers were reminded that optimal infant and young child feeding is critical in the first 1,000 days to prevent stunting, as well as wasting. During the quarter, 150 farmers, 73 percent women, received training on infant feeding. Maternal health training, which focused on improved nutrition and reduced labor for expecting mothers, was also provided to 122 farmers, 73 percent women. 3.4.2.2 Exclusive Breastfeeding

LD 13: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age.

The program continued to sensitize mothers on the need for exclusively breastfeeding children below six months. Nutrition messages targeting mothers and caregivers continued to highlight breast milk as the best nourishment for babies. Male farmers were encouraged to support breastfeeding mothers by producing, purchasing and keeping a variety of nutritious foods in the home and to ensure that breastfeeding mothers access adequate and balanced diets during the day. A technical guide on breastfeeding was developed during the quarter to assist field staff in information dissemination. During the quarter, 102 farmers, 80 percent women received trainings on breastfeeding compared to 35 farmers, 69 percent women in the last quarter. The program outreach to beneficiaries tripled due to the holistic approach where all family members were targeted to participate in trainings to reinforce positive behavior change in breastfeeding. The program also increased its collaboration and networking with village health workers from the Ministry of Health who assisted in outreach and dissemination of breastfeeding information. 3.4.2.3 Improved Hygiene Behaviors

LD 3 Percent of households that consistently practice at least 4 out of 6 good hygiene practices The six good hygiene practices are: Hand washing station with cleansing agent & water within 10 paces of latrines Wash hands with cleansing agent at 4 critical moments (after defecating; after cleaning a child or handling diapers; before preparing food; before eating) Dispose of solid household waste in protected pits. Use of recommended water treatment/purification technologies Store water in safe containers Dispose all human feces, in a latrine or toilet During the quarter, the program promoted clean homestead environments, food hygiene, hand washing with soap at critical times, household water treatment and storage; and safe disposal of feces. Program messages continued to raise awareness on the link between bad sanitation, contamination of milk, diseases such as diarrhoea in humans and beef measles in cattle. This quarter, 613 farmers, 56 percent women were trained on WASH related topics.

Optimal hand washing with soap at stations with cleansing agent and water

Optimal hand washing: During the quarter, 319 farmers, 66 percent women were trained in optimal hand washing, compared to 274 farmers, 58 percent women in the previous quarter. The program promotes hand washing with a detergent at four critical moments (after defecating; after cleaning a child or handling diapers; before preparing food; before eating). The program also promoted the washing of hands by mothers before breastfeeding and for farmers to wash their hands before milking cows.

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Tippy taps: The program encouraged farmers to mount hand washing stations (tippy taps) at most 10 steps from the latrine. The program also actively promoted the construction of tippy taps at milking parlors to reduce contamination of milk. Demonstrations were done with farmers on how to maintain and construct tippy taps using locally available resources. Farmers discussed benefits of tippy taps, which include reduced chance of contamination and labor saving as the tippy tap only uses 40 millilitres of water for washing hands versus 500 millilitres when using a mug. Liquid soap making: To reinforce behaviour change and increase access and use of detergents in hand washing the program continued to train beneficiary farmers on production of low-cost liquid soap. The program is capacitating livestock PPLS groups to make 20 liters of liquid soap at a cost of $16.50 for household sanitation and earn extra income from sales. Participating group members are able to get a liter of liquid soap for $0.82 making hand washing with soap a reality. Prior to program interventions, washing hands with soap was uncommon as barriers included attitudes, cost of soap relative to income, and lack of knowledge on fecal-oral infections that can cause household diarrheal illness and affect quality of milk production. The program’s soap making activity continues to gain popularity with women farmers and groups who have now started making increased volumes of liquid soap for re-sale to neighbours contributing to household incomes. The soap is retailed for $2 per liter, a margin of $1.18. Lister Thebe, from Gweru participated in one of the trainings on making low-cost liquid soap to encourage hand washing with soap at critical moments. Spurred on by the simple, affordable skill of making liquid soap, Thebe has since erected and strategically placed tippy taps with liquid soap outside her toilet and dish washing station. Dispose of solid household waste in protected pits. During the quarter, 226 farmers, 63 percent women, were trained on safe disposal of household waste compared to 140 farmers, 63 percent women in the last quarter. As part of ensuring hygienic environments and healthy families, practical sessions were held involving clearing of waste around beneficiary homesteads and disposal of waste in pits according to organic; plastic; and glass, metal, and construction debris. Farmers were also sensitized on how waste is unsightly, smelly and provides breeding ground for disease vectors such as mosquitos, flies and rats. Use recommended water treatment/purification technologies Treatment of safe drinking water: The program collaborated with village heath workers to disseminate information on water-borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid and promoted the need to use safe and clean sources for their drinking, washing and cooking water. Farmers were encouraged to boil water from unsafe sources for at least five minutes or use chlorine tablets before use. The program also encouraged households to invest in reliable safe sources of water for domestic, livestock and whole farm use. Farmers with Photo by Fintrac capacity were linked to MFIs for loans. Mavis Chizema, village health worker training Dzingirai Juwere from Swaithe Village, beneficiary farmers on safe water storage Ward 20, Umzingwane district received an agricultural loan worth $3,590 from Zimnat Financial Services for drilling a 60-meter borehole. The water investment is also set to revitalize his dairy enterprise and pen fattening activities as previously he had to cart water from over 2 kilometers daily.

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Store water in safe storage containers Farmers were sensitized that although most of them use safe water sources such as community boreholes, the water may get contaminated during drawing, transporting, and storage. Farmers were assisted to identify stages and practices during which water is likely to be contaminated and how to reduce cross contamination during drawing, transporting, and storage. The farmers were also taken through different types of storage containers and trained on good and safe practices for storing water for household use. Dispose all feces including the children’s in a toilet/latrine The program raised awareness on the need for proper sanitation facilities and disposal of human feces to minimize contamination of water and milk and reduce incidences of diseases such as diarrhoea in humans and beef measles in cattle. The construction of low-cost, simple, upgradable toilet structures was encouraged to ensure rapid and spontaneous adoption of the practice. Aleck Muchini from Chipinge, invested $300 in the construction of an additional one-hole toilet with an adjoining bathing room. Previously, Muchini’s ablution facilities lacked a designated bathing area. Apart from ensuring appropriate human waste disposal, the new structure will enable a clean environment that breaks the cycle of diseases and contamination of groundwater. “In the beginning, I could not link livestock with WASH activities in this program,” said Muchini during a demonstration of his near-complete toilet. “Now I understand that there is a direct link between sanitation and hygiene and its impact on our livelihoods.”

3.5 BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL LINKAGES

Business development and financial linkage services are cross-cutting activities that contribute directly to program results by assisting beneficiaries in identifying long-term opportunities for earning additional income. During the reporting period, activities focused on: Farmer group organization. Building the organizational capacity of farmer groups to serve members’ needs on a sustainable basis for input supply, output markets and service provision to reduce transaction costs. Training was provided on group formation and product consolidation for milk and direct marketing of cattle off the rangeland; fodder flow planning; fodder production and silage making demonstrations and post-mortem of the performance of feedlots among others (see Annex 4). Leadership skills. Training and technical assistance of lead farmers on basic facilitation and negotiation skills to ensure effective mentoring of peers on GAHPs and marketing strategies. Basic business skills. Improving planning and decision making skills required to adopt farming as a family business. Training and technical assistance included farm planning; enterprise budgeting; recordkeeping; profit and loss accounts; group marketing; market intelligence and electronic banking. Credit and contract management. To build good credit history (reputation collateral), farmers who were first time borrowers received training on group lending; contract management; banking procedures and electronic banking to ensure timely loan repayment. Market linkages. Farmers, mostly beef smallholders, were linked directly to abattoirs for cattle marketing and veterinary shops for input supply of essential vaccines and dosing remedies. Achievements during the review period are reported below under the appropriate Feed the Future and custom indicators:

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3.5.1 Technical Assistance and Training EG.3.2-4 Number of for-profit private enterprises, producer organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG food security related organizational development assistance

During the reporting period, 24 private organizations/associations received food security related organizational development assistance. These include 16 producer groups (dairy associations, feedlot and, cattle producer groups), six Production Productivity Lending and Savings (PPLS) groups, and seven women groups. Feedlot and cattle producer groups received technical assistance on enterprise budgeting, profit and loss accounts, honoring contracts, contract management, negotiating skills and recordkeeping during sessions covering preparations for direct marketing off the rangeland and post-mortem evaluations on performance of the just ended feedlot period (see Annex 4). The groups were linked to abattoirs and MFIs who provided cattle insurance, credit for purchase of heifers and farm inputs. Women groups received training and technical assistance on recordkeeping; credit management; basic household nutrition and WASH (soap making).

Business skills training was provided to 812 beneficiaries (52 percent women) during the review period compared to 766 (49 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 3.5.1.1). Due to adjustments in venues, time and duration to better suit women farmers, the proportion of women participating in business training sessions increased across all program areas except for Kwekwe district where participation dropped by 19 percent. The cropping window was very short and only started end of January 2018 for Kwekwe farmers tying women, who provide the bulk of labor on family farms on activities related to crop establishment. Table 3.5.1.1: Business Skills Training by District, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 128 91 219 58 116 89 205 57 Chirumanzu 59 70 129 46 109 116 225 48 Gokwe South 57 105 162 35 52 80 132 39 Gweru 45 48 93 48 36 30 66 55 Kwekwe 49 44 93 53 28 37 65 43 Umzingwane 37 33 70 53 81 38 119 68 Grand Total 375 391 766 49 422 390 812 52

Business skills training covered various subjects as summarized in Table 3.5.1.2. Recordkeeping, enterprise budgeting, and farmer group organization remained the popular subjects. There was increased participation in trainings covering the use of mobile money and electronic transfers as the cash crisis remains. The bulk of payments are now handled through electronic transfers on mobile devices. Table 3.5.1.2: Business Skills training by subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 Fem % % Subject Male Total Female Male Total ale Women Women Contract Management 72 113 185 39 18 41 59 31 Credit Management 74 118 192 39 69 50 119 58 Farm Planning 29 25 54 54 68 64 132 52 Recordkeeping 186 168 354 53 197 211 408 48 Group Marketing 172 248 420 41 72 131 203 35 Enterprise Budgeting 135 162 297 45 127 121 248 51

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Table 3.5.1.2: Business Skills training by subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 Fem % % Subject Male Total Female Male Total ale Women Women Farmer Group Organization 101 138 239 42 132 108 240 55 Capacity Building 18 45 63 29 90 76 166 54 Bank Account Establishment 1 1 2 50 0 1 1 0 Other* 26 55 81 32 97 84 181 54 * Include promoting the use of plastic money 3.5.2 Access to Finance and Credit Access to credit from MFIs, producer groups, and PPLS working with the program was facilitated through the group lending approach with members co-guaranteeing each other. EG.3.2-3 Number of MSMEs, including farmers, receiving agricultural related credit as a result of USG assistance.

The program engaged and collaborated with MFIs and ISALs to identify potential financing projects covering agricultural productivity; ownership of farm assets and livestock; and WASH. Joint trainings and technical assistance were provided to potential loan recipients on enterprise budgeting; breakeven analysis; credit and contract management; group lending and farmer group organization; and mobile banking as part of increasing financial literacy (Table 3.5.1.2). The program also continued to encourage the formation of ISALs/ PPLs to improve access to financial resources by program beneficiaries. Forty-six beneficiary farmers (18 women) received credit worth $20,865 from Zimnat Financial Services, MicroPlan Financial Services, Lion Finance Zimbabwe, Gokwe MCC and Kutrya PPLS. In Kwekwe, Josphat Chizema received a $700-loan from Lion Finance Zimbabwe’s for purchasing a diesel water pump worth $871. Chizema also opened a savings account facility with Lion Finance Zimbabwe. The facility will enable Chizema to access credit of up to four times the amount of his savings to finance viable agricultural activities. “I am grateful to the Feed the Future Livestock Development program for linking me with Lion Finance, now l can continue to capitalize my livestock business,” said Chizema. In the meantime, Chizema is paying off the loan from monthly rentals he receives from his house in until he harvests his crops (maize). Taking advantage of the new water pump, Chizema has begun land preparations for growing cabbages. Access to water has also enabled him to build feeding and water troughs; plant star grass and establish a cassia seed multiplication demonstration plot. In Chirumanzu, beef-dairy farmers Beatrice and Marko Magwaza accessed an agricultural loan worth $3,000 from Lion Finance Zimbabwe to pair with their feedlot proceeds toward investment in a three-in- one diesel powered grinding mill valued at $4,875. “We have realized that the beef-dairy concept is profitable as long as we can manage the feed side. The versatility of the mill will allow us to mill hay and stock feeds for our dairy cows and feedlot animals effectively and efficiently,” said Beatrice Magwaza. In addition the family will earn additional incomes from neighboring farmers for grinding maize meal. LD 8 Percent of beneficiaries borrowing at least once to finance purchase of livestock or other capital investment In Chipinge, the program facilitated 12 farmers (seven women), belonging to Budiriro Cattle Producer Group, to access loans worth $5,228 from MicroPlan Financial Services P/L to purchase 12 in-calf heifers from local breeder, Taguta Farm. The heifers are worth $9,600 and farmers raised $4,850 as deposit money. Farmers will repay in 6 monthly instalments starting from April 2018.

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EG.3.2-6 Value of Agricultural and Rural loans as a result of USG assistance

Fifteen farmers (eight women) from across the six program areas accessed $12,518 in loans as a result of program intervention during the review period. Loans were used for purchasing livestock, drilling boreholes and purchasing farm machinery. 3.5.3 Access to Markets Meaningful and sustainable commercialization of smallholder farmers occurs when markets are available and farmers can develop the confidence to transact and make profitable sales and incomes. The program is focusing on expanding market access for beef and dairy products for smallholder farmers by facilitating value chain relationships between private sector players and farmers. 3.5.4 Farmer-led Extension Systems Farmer-led extension systems continued to be strengthened in the program’s centers of excellence where lead farmers continued to receive training on negotiation; coordinating; and mentoring and facilitation for increased adoption of GAPs, GAHPs, and better business practices by their peers. 3.5.5 Investment EG.3.2-22 Value of new private sector capital investment in the agriculture sector or food chain leveraged by FTF implementation

One hundred and sixty-six farmers belonging to PPLS working with the program received training and technical assistance on investment. The aim is to assist the groups in identifying assets for investment, using the collected financial resources that enhance production and productivity of their farms. Seven members of Kutrya group, Gokwe South, are now first-time cattle (breeding heifers) owners, where each member bought one breeding heifer using loans from the group. Currently the group has raised $700, which it intends to lend to members to specifically purchase breeding heifers. The program facilitated Gokwe Dairy Cooperative to insure their dairy herd with Zimnat Lion Insurance against natural mortalities. Thirteen improved dairy cows were insured at an annual premium of $854.75. On-farm investment in livestock and farm machinery contributes to increased production and productivity. Anecdotal information collected during the review period, indicate that 22 beneficiaries invested $12,215 in animals, farm infrastructure, and equipment to enhance production and productivity of their farms.

3.6 LOCAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s contract includes a component to build the capacity of local organizations working with the program to effectively implement USAID-funded agricultural development activities. Such organizations include LEAD Trust and other organizations partnering with both the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development and Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development programs. Specific capacity building activities carried out during the quarter are detailed below: 3.6.1 LEAD Trust The program provided one-on-one technical assistance to the LEAD Trust Finance Manager. The two- hour technical assistance concentrated on best practices for chief financial officers focusing on strategies that improve cash flows and strategic decision making. Financial planning using excel was also explored and discussed with the LEAD Finance Manager. FTFZ-LD also followed up on LEAD Trust’s implementation of an electronic payment system to strengthen LEAD Trust’s internal controls and safeguard its financial resources. The program has been

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 29 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 recommending LEAD to use more modern, secure and effective payment methods such as the Electronic Funds Transfers (EFTs) and Paynet. LEAD Trust currently uses a Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) manual payment system to pay its suppliers. LEAD has not yet made progress in migrating to an electronic payment system despite the advantages highlighted in the previous quarterly reports. Additional follow up was conducted on the implementation of a reliable and real time-tracking system for employees on the different programs being implemented by LEAD Trust. LEAD Trust currently uses a manual timesheet system for all its employees. LEAD Trust was encouraged to adopt an electronic time- sheet system as a best practice. Since then, LEAD Trust has been designing internally an in-house electronic time-sheet system, which is proving to be a challenge. Head Office employees can update their time-sheets electronically but the system does not have time-sheet electronic approval system in place. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program has recommended that LEAD Trust outsource a proper established time tracking system. 3.6.2 Microfinance Institution and Beneficiary Farmers In order to promote linkages between financial institutions and farmers it is imperative that the program not only work with farmers but with the institutions as well. This quarter the program provided technical assistance to Lion Finance Zimbabwe to increase their understanding and appreciation of FTFZ-LD beneficiaries’ farming business. The goal is to work with the institutions and farmers to design appropriate financial products for farmers. To achieve this goal the program designed and conducted joint training and technical assistance to intended loan recipients on topics covering but not limited to good governance; constitution development; leadership; group member recruitment; use of social links as collateral; mobile banking, and debt repayment. Five women groups from Chirumanzu were engaged in the exercise.

Since the training, two of the womens’ groups, the Kubatana and Rugare, have opened accounts with Lion Finance and deposited $700. The two groups are now set to receive loans of up to four times their deposits on submission of viable projects. 3.6.3 Milk Aggregator – Lovemore Ncube. The program continued to offer capacity building to milk aggregator, Lovemore Ncube from Umzingwane District. The milk aggregator model seeks to address the challenges of distance to market; economic volumes and cold chain faced by smallholder farmers in the delivery and sale of milk to formal markets. Ncube is one of the local entrepreneurs working with the program to perform the essential marketing functions of bringing milk from smallholder farmers to the table commercially. The capacity building services offered included training on basic accounting skills, record keeping, producer data base management, negotiation skills, milk testing and acceptance, milk quality and hygiene, and basic business ethics to include customer care and good interpersonal skills. The program continued to train the aggregator on recordkeeping, in particular proper and judicial recording of daily business transactions in appropriate books of accounts. The aggregator was trained on the basic income and expenses register and interpretation of it as a tool to track and manage his business and make informed decisions. The aggregator was advised to keep an updated current and potential producer’s register as a way of tracking and managing his supplier base. The producer register will help in forecasting production trends, marketing, and building customer relationships. 3.6.4 Small scale Dairy Processor – Gavin Canter, ZADT and Milk Aggregators The program worked with Red Tractor Farm – a small scale dairy processor in Umzingwane and Zimbabwe Agricultural Development Trust (ZADT) – who are managing the CREATE Fund to develop an actionable tripartite arrangement that will provide access to finance for Red Tractor Farm to expand their dairy processing business and provide market access for smallholder dairy farmers in Umzingwane.

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Due to limited capacity, the processor is currently capable of buying 100 liters of milk from the aggregator per week. This negatively affects the aggregator who at present has the capacity of supplying double the amount. The program envisions a growth in the milk supply from smallholder farmers in Umzingwane thus the market (Red Tractor) needs to be fully equipped to process the anticipated increase in volumes. The program is working with Red Tractor Farm to develop ideas for this multilateral partnership with a finance organization to help build its capacity and expand its market access. The program has assisted Red Tractor Farm with ideas to come up with a bankable project proposal. To increase efficiency of Red Tractor Farm’s operations, the program advised the processor to invest in a line pasteurizer. Currently the processor is using a batch pasteurizer, which limits the daily processing capacity. In addition the program noted that the processor’s cold room is a limiting factor. To improve on milk quality the program advised Red Tractor Farm to invest in basic platform testing, which will enable quality control when receiving milk reception from farmers and aggregators. Red Tractor’s processing room needs to be expanded to prevent cross contamination. The program also noted that Red Tractor does not have a cheese room and is using living quarters for curing cheese thus a bigger processing room will also go a long way in improving quality of product and customer satisfaction. After a joint business visit to Red Tractor Farm in February 2018 by ZADT and Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program staff, the processor has put together a project proposal to expand his cheese processing business. The proposal is currently under consideration by one of the participating banks under the CREATE Fund. The expanded cheese business will utilize milk from Umzingwane smallholder farmers. 3.6.5 Gokwe Dairy Cooperative The program continued to train Gokwe Dairy Cooperative farmers and the MCC leadership on credit management. The trainings have contributed to the revival and revitalization of the MCC’s revolving credit facility as farmers are making 100 percent repayments on borrowings from the fund. Thus, the fund managed to continue extending credit to farmers for purchasing stock feed and veterinary drugs, especially during the dry-spell period. Twenty-one farmers (nine women) received loans worth $1,692 from the MCC’s revolving fund to purchase 3.6 tons of commercial dairy meal for their calves, lactating and dry cows during the quarter. Ten farmers, (three women) received loans worth $281.50 from the MCC’s revolving credit fund to finance the procurement of veterinary drugs.

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4. ENVIRONMENT

Zimbabwe is experiencing the impacts of climate variability as shown by the delayed start of the rainfall seasons; frequency of occurrence and intensity of droughts; floods; declining agricultural productivity, and environmental degradation. Most smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable because of their overdependence on rain-fed agriculture and limited adaptive capacity due to inadequate skills and resources. Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program places environmental concerns at the core of its agricultural development interventions because sustainable farming practices are critical to long- term profitability. During the quarter, the program continued to build the capacity of its beneficiary farmers through training and technical assistance on conserving natural resources and adapting to climate change. Interventions employed include but not limited to tree and fodder planting; rangeland management; safe use of chemicals and safe disposal of chemical containers; fly control; control of noxious plants; and soil conservation. Some of the highlights are summarized below. Tree and fodder flow planning and planting: The program continued to promote the establishment of fruit and forage trees across the six districts of operation. Forage trees promoted were mulberries, Leucaena, moringa, and cacti, which are adaptable to a diverse range of soil and climatic conditions. Taking advantage of the late rains, the program continued to encourage the planting of trees (afforestation) among its beneficiary farmers. Multi-purpose trees were planted to provide fodder and shade, windbreaks, enhance household food diversity (in the case of trees with edible fruits); improve availability of timber for use in construction of cattle handling facilities, and help in reducing soil erosion. Precious Ngwaru, from Gokwe South invested $150 to purchase 60 eucalyptus seedlings to improve availability of timber for use on her farm. Ngwaru has been struggling to secure poles for constructing recommended facilities for handling her livestock. In addition, firewood for household use is also becoming scarce. She also successfully planted three grafted orange trees to enhance her household’s food diversity. To minimize damage from termites, Ngwaru was advised to use Confidor®, a PERSUAP compliant chemical. Rangeland management and soil erosion: The program continued to train farmers on rangeland management, focusing on controlling bush encroachment, overgrazing and soil erosion especially in cases where beneficiaries had individual control on the use of the land. Farmers were also trained on pasture establishment, rangeland reinforcement using legumes as a means of improving fodder quality, palatability, carrying capacity and performance of animals. The program continued to encourage farmers to erect contour ridges and plant grasses such as star, kuchi, and vetiver on contours and waterways, and to pack brushwood or rocks into gullies to reduce surface run-off and minimize erosion. Safe use of chemicals and safe disposal of chemical containers: The program continued to train beneficiary farmers on the safe use of chemicals as well as the safe disposal of chemical containers. Beneficiary farmers were also encouraged to use PERSUAP compliant chemicals and to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling chemicals. In addition, the program advised farmers against pollution of surface and underground water as well as its adverse effects on water and soil microbes.

4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

During the quarter, 478 beneficiaries, 54 percent women, received training and technical assistance on environmental related subjects compared to 437 in the preceding quarter (Table 4.1.1). The trainings were

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 32 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 conducted at times and places convenient for both women and men resulting in more women participating in program-facilitated environmental trainings compared to the previous quarter.

Table 4.1.1: Environment Training by District, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 99 51 150 66 96 79 175 55 Chirumanzu 44 81 125 35 16 24 40 40 Gokwe South 0 0 0 0 20 30 50 40 Gweru 33 49 82 40 52 31 83 63 Kwekwe 0 23 23 0 22 24 46 48 Umzingwane 0 57 57 0 51 33 84 61 Total 176 261 437 40 257 221 478 54

Most popular subjects remained those related to safe use and disposal of chemicals used mainly for tick control, as well as an increased focus on afforestation, in response to deforestation issues which afflict most communal areas (Table 4.1.2).

Table 4.1.2: Environment Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY2018 Q2 FY2018 Subject Total % Women Total % Women Woodlot/Orchard Establishment 12 25 3 33 Safe Disposal of Chemicals 58 57 119 59 Personal Protective Equipment 106 55 129 49 Soil Erosion 43 35 26 54 Pollution 101 50 139 53 Climate Change 87 63 158 53 Afforestation 218 50 286 56 Other 4 0 18 33

4.2 EMMP

The program monitored a randomly selected sample of 124 beneficiary farmers (81 beef and 43 dairy) to assess for EMMP compliance across the six districts. Environmental assessment covered issues related to animal husbandry, animal health, and animal handling facilities. The findings are compared to a sample of 122 farmers (39 dairy and 83 beef) for Q1 FY2018 from the same districts. The following sections summarize the findings from the assessments. Table 4.2.1: Animal Husbandry Activities % % Q1 % % Q1 % Q2 Baseline FY2018 % Q2 FY2018 Baseline FY2018 FY2018 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice-Beef Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Dairy Is soil erosion a 46 37 33 29 15 7 problem? Are there signs of land 68 48 48 47 48 47 degradation/overgrazing? Are there signs of 56 51 42 35 46 56 deforestation? Is grazing management 26 66 70 20 46 40 being practiced?

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Table 4.2.1: Animal Husbandry Activities % % Q1 % % Q1 % Q2 Baseline FY2018 % Q2 FY2018 Baseline FY2018 FY2018 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice-Beef Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Dairy Does the farmer have a woodlot/tree planting 9 72 70 47 57 60 area? Despite the continuous rains received during the review period, there were reduced cases of soil erosion across all program areas compared to the previous quarter mainly as a result of increased grass cover as the natural rangeland recovered from the dry season and the prolonged dry period. In addition, beneficiaries have heeded to program messages on afforestation and planted multi-purpose trees as well as grasses, which help in combating soil erosion and land degradation. There are reported signs of increased deforestation in dairy areas mainly from activities of non-beneficiary farmers on communal land. The majority of the beneficiary farmers have desisted from indiscriminate cutting down of trees.

There are increases in grazing management practice in beef areas as beneficiaries took heed of the program advice to reinforce pastures with legumes and remove allelopathic plants from the rangeland to promote the reproduction of grasses. However, there was a slight drop on this practice among dairy beneficiary farmers. The program has been encouraging dairy farmers to invest in paddocking as part of grazing management. Farmers have cited lack of capital as the main constraint which explains the slow pace in adoption of the practice. . Table 4.2.2: Animal Health Activities % Q1 % Q2 % % Q1 % Q2 % Baseline FY2018 FY2018 Baseline FY2018 FY2018 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Dairy Farmers using dips/chemical 100 90 93 94 97 97 remedies? Farmers/Institutions using appropriate 78 88 90 82 92 95 techniques/equipment? Farmers/Institutions with PPEs 58 80 83 65 82 93 and use it when spraying? Farmers/Institutions engaging a 5 61 59 20 64 70 trained applicator? Farmers/Institutions with chemicals/spraying equipment 67 83 89 56 92 88 locked and in labelled containers? Farmers/Institutions using and disposing chemical containers, 76 91 99 65 100 98 injections, plastics correctly Farmers/Institutions using pesticides that are PERSUAP 83 86 93 82 97 93 compliant? Both beef and dairy beneficiaries are responding positively to program messaging on the proper use of dips and chemical remedies; use of appropriate equipment; and use of PPE when spraying chemicals. With regards to engagement of trained applicators, the practice has become more popular among dairy farmers compared to beef farmers. Beef farmers, especially in Chipinge district have become knowledgeable and gained confidence on the safe use and handling of chemicals reducing the need for trained applicators, thanks to the trainings they receive from the program staff.

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Beef farmers have responded positively to program messages to store chemicals and equipment under lock and key, properly labelled; disposing chemical containers, injections and plastics correctly and using pesticides that are PERSUAP compliant compared to dairy farmers. The results reflect on the effectiveness of the program trainings among beef farmers. Through trainings and targeted technical assistance, the program will continue to inform dairy farmers on the need to use PERSUAP compliant pesticides; safe use, handling, and storage of chemicals and disposal. Table 4.2.3: Animal Handling Facilities % % Q1 % Q2 % Q1 % Q2 % Baseline Baseline FY2018 FY2018 FY2018 FY2018 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice Practice- Practice- Practice- Dairy Beef -Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Farmers with handling facilities 86 82 73 87 89 88 sited >30m from dwellings Farmers/Institutions with water runoff from facilities diverted 95 94 94 93 81 86 away from dwellings Farmers/institutes with water source (borehole, well) >30m 95 93 94 92 100 98 from livestock facilities Farmers/Institutions with separate access to water for 75 91 100 46 98 100 humans and animals Farmers/Institutions with area 32 32 31 23 28 30 around water source degraded Farmers/ using fly traps 5 52 64 7 74 51 Notably, all the sampled farmers had separate access to water for humans and animals, as a result of abundance of water sources from the rains. In addition, farmers have revealed that their understanding of the consequences of a common water point with animals has helped them to fence off the water points for humans to keep away animals. The uptake of this practice has also combated degradation of the areas around water sources, especially in beef areas. In the quarter, more beef farmers have adopted the use of fly traps. Late adopters have learned the benefits of this technology from the early adopters. However, in dairy areas, the proportion of farmers using the technology has dropped significantly. Site visits to farmers’ residence, especially in Gokwe South revealed that the majority of fly traps erected around the farms were dysfunctional. The program will continue encouraging each dairy household to have functional fly traps in place at all times as this practice is the first step toward ensuring milk hygiene and quality. The program is encouraging farmers to erect well drained and spacious overnight holding pens to minimize the build-up of muddy conditions which increase chances of fly breeding and diseases. Sheila Ncube from Umzingwane, Matabeleland South constructed a three cross sectional pen. Previously, Ncube had one small pen, which was incapable of accommodating her herd of 13 cattle. The newly constructed pen with a space allowance of at least 9m2 per animal, allows free movement of her cattle. Additionally, the holding pens, when used in rotation will enable Ncube to maintain reasonably dry pens, minimizing foot rot and eliminating breeding areas for flies. “Thanks to program interventions and lessons, now my cattle are relieved as they now sleep freely from muddy conditions,” said Ncube.

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5. GENDER The program promotes women empowerment and leadership in beef and dairy value chains by prioritizing activities that advance inclusive livestock production. During the quarter, more than 50 percent of the farmers who participated in the various program activities were women and 20 percent were youth (15- 35 years). Through gender mainstreaming, women and youth empowerment messages, training and technical assistance the program has witnessed a consistent increase in the level of women and youth participation in livestock production and marketing activities (Table 3.1.3). This achievement is attributed to field staff vigilance in deliberately targeting and ensuring women participation in all project activities which has increased gender awareness among beneficiaries and other stakeholders. The program’s LOP target is to have at least 50 percent of beneficiaries being women. The program continued to work with government departments and other stakeholders to improve outreach to women beneficiary farmers for sustainability. During the quarter, the program collaborated with AGRITEX and DVS (for technical support in livestock production) and Ministry of Women and Youth Affairs (to raise awareness on gender and youth inclusion). Community leaders were also engaged to popularize women and youth empowerment and leadership in livestock production. A key activity during the review period was the commemoration of the International Women’s Day (IWD). The program dedicated the whole month of March 2018 to celebrate women successes in beef

All Photos by Fintrac Part of the dramas, song and dance celebrating International Women’s Day

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 36 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018 and dairy production. Six high profile technical days were held across the program’s operational areas integrating the IWD 2018 theme “Time is now: Rural and urban activists transforming women’s lives” with technical messages on increasing beef and dairy production and productivity (see Annex1). Dramas, songs and testimonies were used to highlight, showcase and celebrate beneficiary women’s achievements in livestock production. 5.1 GENDER MAINSTREAMING The program continued to integrate gender and youth inclusion messages in all activities. Monthly gender and youth messages, whose content resonated with relevant and current technical livestock calendar, were developed and shared with field staff and collaborating stakeholders. The messages focused on promoting and improving women resilience and household nutrition under drought conditions; strengthening ISAL/ PPLS groups and increasing women access to affordable finance for livestock production and productivity; and highlighting and celebrating women achievements in beef and dairy farming. Table 5.1 summarizes gender mainstreaming activities, topics, and messages shared with farmers and stakeholders during the review period:

Table 5. 1 Monthly Gender Activities, Topics, and Messages January – March 2018 Gender Gender and Youth Month Outputs/Outcomes/Comments Topic messages -The poor rainfall pattern at the start of the season affected establishment of both food and fodder crops. Farmers were encouraged to identify, cull and sell vulnerable cattle; harvest grass from the rangeland and salvage failed food and fodder crops for their livestock and rear small livestock given crop failures from the prolonged mid-season drought. Key message: ‘Women are Gender and -752 beneficiaries, 51 percent women, January the frontline for ‘drought drought participated in drought mitigation related 2018 mitigation’ and household mitigation. trainings (fodder production, supplementary food security feeding, culling, marketing and disease control) in January 2018. -The Chizema ISAL group from Kwekwe district used money from their group savings to purchase indigenous chickens for the 10 women group members to ensure increased household resilience, income and household food security through a readily available protein source. -With the commencement of meaningful rains at the end of January 2018 and continuation of rains in all program areas Key message: ‘Women are for the remaining quarter, farmers were Gender and February the frontline for ‘drought encouraged to grow short season varieties drought 2018 mitigation’ and household of both food and fodder crops. The mitigation. food security program encouraged farmers to plant chickpeas, kidney beans, butter beans, black-eyed peas, lentils, pigeon beans and, cowpeas as food crops while velvet beans,

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Table 5. 1 Monthly Gender Activities, Topics, and Messages January – March 2018 Gender Gender and Youth Month Outputs/Outcomes/Comments Topic messages sunn hemp and sweet sorghum were promoted for fodder. -Jonah Mabharani from lower Chipinge is among farmers from wards 26, 27 and 29 who planted short season variety maize, sorghum, and pulses in February 2018 after receiving moderate rains. The program continued to promote the production of small livestock such as chickens and goats for household protein, increased incomes and household resilience -274 farmers, 59 percent women, were trained on credit management, group lending, co-guaranteeing, and mobile Increasing February Key message: Capacitating banking during the period under review. women & ISAL/PPLS groups to access Two PPLS groups from Chirumanzu, the farmers’ March credit and finance from MFIs Batanai group and Rugare group were access to 2018 and banks. linked and opened accounts with Lion finance. Finance. Group members are now able to access loans four times the amount they have saved. -At least one field day was conducted in all program operating areas to commemorate IWD. Key message: ‘FTFZ-LD -Five weekly highlights on IWD and women celebrating IWD by honoring success in beef and dairy production were women’s remarkable March documented in March 2018. IWD contribution to beef and dairy 2018 - Male participants at the events appreciated farming.’ IWD, and said they now understand gender

issues and that women can excel in

livestock production.

5.1.1. Gender and Youth Inclusion Awareness The program continued to engage with youthful farmers as a priority group for adoption of new technologies, skills and information in livestock production to create rural employment, increase income, and reduce rural poverty. The approach engages the whole family and promotes farming as a family business to ensure inclusion in livestock activities and decision making. The proportion of youths trained during the review period was 20 percent compared to 19 percent in the previous quarter. Achievements of youth in livestock production were honored and highlighted during celebrations marking IWD (See Textbox 5.1.1). Youths participating in the events shared their knowledge and experiences in beef and dairy farming.

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5.2 GENDER TRAININGS

The program continued to create opportunities for open communication and facilitated discussions that reinforce positive practices and expose areas that need improvement for increased women and youth participation in livestock production and productivity, household harmony and welfare. During the quarter, 833 beneficiaries, 54 percent women, participated and received training on gender and youth inclusion messages compared to 713 beneficiaries in the previous period, a 17 percent increase. Table 5.2.1: Gender and Youth Training by District, Q2 FY 2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 115 74 189 61 110 78 188 59 Chirumanzu 61 70 131 47 119 119 238 50 Gokwe South 51 78 129 40 69 101 170 41 Gweru 42 45 87 48 44 13 57 77 Kwekwe 47 42 89 53 31 34 65 48 Umzingwane 49 39 88 56 78 37 115 68 Total 365 348 713 51 451 382 833 54

Key messages and training on Women and Youth Empowerment; Gender Concepts; Leadership and Conflict Resolution were provided during the review period to increase awareness (Table 5.2.2). There was a significant increase in the number of beneficiaries who received awareness on women and youth empowerment. Eight hundred and twenty-one beneficiaries, 54 percent women, were trained on gender equality and empowerment compared to 681 beneficiaries, 52 percent women in the previous quarter. Three hundred and fifty farmers, 59 percent women, received training on gender concepts, meant to raise awareness and improve understanding on gender equality issues compared to 243 beneficiaries in the previous quarter. Table 5.2. 2: Gender and Youth Training by Subject, Q2 FY2018 Q1 FY 2018 Q2 FY 2018 Training Subject % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Gender Mainstreaming 2 3 5 40 29 11 40 73 Women and Youth Empowerment 351 330 681 52 447 374 821 54 Gender Concepts 121 122 243 50 208 142 350 59 Leadership and Conflict Resolution 14 5 19 74 4 5 9 44 Other** 13 5 18 72 32 43 75 43

5.3 MEASURING GENDER IMPACT AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

Through promoting and training farmers on farming as a family business the program creates opportunities that enable women to diversify their income sources, own farm assets and livestock and have positive input in decisions involving their livelihoods. During the quarter, farmers were trained on herd rationalization, beef-dairy concept, GAHPs, GAPs, and investment in household assets, livestock and livestock activities all which contribute to increasing their resilience. Beneficiaries were also linked to MFIs to increase their access to finance and credit. Highlights of some of the empowered women participating in Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program activities follow below.

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5.3.1 Adoption of beef-dairy concept earns farmer extra Celebrating International Women’s Day income Bongiwe Magede, a 29-year-old lead farmer from Gokwe Juliet Chireka from Chipinge is earning South district, was joined by neighboring farmers to celebrate high incomes after adopting the her success as a beef-dairy farmer on International Women’s program’s beef-dairy concept. A month Day. Magede spoke to 48 farmers, including 34 women, about after adopting the beef-dairy concept her experience working with the program. She highlighted following the calving down of her two how previously, it had never occurred to her that milk from indigenous beef cows could provide a steady source of cows in December 2017, Chireka income for her household. The program trained her on realized $85 in new monthly income GAHPs, including making urea treated stover (UTS). With a from informal milk marketing sales. herd of 12 cattle and two milking cows, through the beef- Chireka, a quick learner and adopter of dairy concept she delivered her first 4 liters of milk to Gokwe technology is now supplementing her MCC in June 2017 and has never looked back. Using good lactating cows with velvet bean meal (12 animal husbandry practices, Magede’s milk yields increased to percent crude protein) at a rate of 2 10 liters per day; she keeps 1 liter for household nutrition kilograms per cow per day as advised by and delivers 9 liters to Gokwe Milk Collection Center. the program, and is yielding a total of 8 “At peak production, I earned over $135 per month from liters, with one of the cows giving her 5 milk sales for four consecutive months, which I used to liters per day. After reserving 1 liter for purchase household goods. The income assisted me in household consumption, Chireka starting a chicken layers project that gives me eggs for both realizes at least $3 per day from selling sales and household consumption.” the excess milk locally to fellow farmers She also shared that good animal nutrition is key to herd at $0.50 per liter for fresh and $1 per growth and increased milk yields, and how she feeds her liter for sour milk. Chireka is happy cattle homemade fodder blend she learned about from the about her new source of income and program. Magede has invested $350 of her new income into plans to invest the proceeds in her a heifer to increase her breeding herd. animals’ nutrition to increase “For both money and employment, young farmers should production. Chireka is one of 38 adopt the beef-dairy concept.” women beneficiaries who are earning extra income from milk after adopting the beef-dairy concept. 5.3.2 Investment in animal health pays for female farmer Sibusisiwe Moyo of Umzingwane received training on GAHPS during the quarter which gave her a new appreciation of the importance of investing in her animal health. She invested in drugs to vaccinate her herd against black leg. “I am happy about the program interventions and initiatives, now l have vaccinated my nine cattle against blackleg, and we are informed there is an outbreak in nearby places which will not affect my animals”, said Sibusisiwe Moyo during the vaccination exercise. The program’s commercialization drive challenges farmers to be proactive in animal health to assist in building resilience to potential shocks from animal disease outbreaks and to ensure increased cattle productivity, good carcass quality and higher returns from their cattle. 5.3.3 Family empowerment through investment The program assisted Taurayi Takanai of Gokwe South and her husband to invest $700 toward the purchase of two oxen for future pen fattening when the beef prices firm. Taurayi who has been participating in the program training sessions on pen fattening together with her spouse Abednico Takanai took the opportunity of post festive season drop in beef prices and bought the two oxen, after the program advised them on both time of purchasing as well as the investment models for increased income. The couple is set to earn from the investment when pen fattening season opens up in September 2018.

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5.3.4 Farmer invests in cold chain for milk bulking Nothando Lunga from Umzingwane, Matabeleland South is set to increase her income from dairy activities following an investment of $778, after selling her bull, in a gas chiller for milk bulking and marketing to formal markets. The availability of the 200 liter capacity gas chiller eliminates milk spoilage and daily transport costs; she can deliver milk to the local milk collection center, 17 kilometers from her homestead, every other third day. Prior to program intervention, Lunga who is currently yielding an average 15 liters every other day from her two lactating cows was incurring losses from informal sales of fresh and sour milk as the local market could not absorb all her milk. “Thanks to program intervention, now l will be able to send my milk to a formal market and avoid losses and earn more income,’’ said Lunga. The program is providing farmers with training and technical assistance on dairy cattle management; hygienic and clean milk production practices and milk quality control to prepare for formal market participation. 5.3.5 “What men can do, women can do better” Two female farmers from Gweru are a testimony that given the same opportunities women do well if not better in livestock production. The two participated in a male dominated feedlot producer group and fared better than their male counterparts. While Jester Khoza grossed the highest income of $1,071among the six participants from the sale of her finished ox, fellow female farmer Rosse Dube’s cow outperformed the rest as it improved from manufacturing to commercial grade, progressing two grades higher, while the rest of the cattle only progressed one grade higher. “It is not surprising that these two women had their cattle outperforming the rest; they were very dedicated in looking after their cattle particularly providing hay and water,” said Abel Nkomazana one of the group members and lead farmer during a feedlot post mortem meeting facilitated by the program (see Annex 4). The program encourages equal opportunities to male and female beneficiaries in cattle production by improving their skills through training and technical assistance as women can perform as well as their male counterparts, or better as in this case.

5.4 LEADERSHIP

GNDR3: Percent of female program beneficiaries in relevant leadership positions The program trains women livestock farmers to be leaders of change in their communities. Community leaders and male beneficiaries are engaged to facilitate a supportive environment for women leadership in livestock production. Although livestock production and ownership is a male domain, female farmers under the program are breaking new ground and taking leadership in beef and dairy farming. Female farmers are either lead farmers hosting centers of excellence or hold office within farmer groups (MCCs, pen fattening groups, and producer associations). At the end of the quarter, women were occupying 52 percent of the leadership positions in community-based organizations working with the program, compared to 49 percent in the previous quarter. A field day was conducted at lead farmer Sikhangele Ndlovu from Umzingwane to celebrate her success as a livestock farmer in line with IWD (see also Annex 1). The event was attended by representatives from government ministries (Ministry of Women and Youth Affairs, AGRITEX, Ministry of Health), stakeholders, community leaders and 39 farmers (69 percent women). Ndlovu gave a testimony and showcased her achievements as a beef-dairy farmer. According to her, she started milking her beef cows after the program introduced her to the beef-dairy concept. She proudly stated that when she started in September 2017 she produced 40 liters of milk and earned money she had not anticipated. She is currently milking two cows that yield 5 liters per day. She is supplying 4 liters to aggregator Lovemore Ncube and saves 1 liter for home consumption. The steady monthly earnings from milk has assisted her in investing in roofing material for her milking parlor; renovating her chicken house and also income for her household needs. She has established 100 mulberry tree plants for fodder and has 0.6 hectares of maize for silage to ensure good nutrition for her cows.

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The Dingulwazi cattle producer group from Gweru district sent a female representative to attend a field day that was hosted by Montana Carswell (MC) Meats during February 2018, to confirm their support and confidence in her leadership to represent the group. According to feedback from male group members, the female representative gave an eloquent, informative and knowledgeable account of engaging MC Meats positively for the profitable development and marketing of their beef animals. Francisca Paramu from Umsungwe Block, Gweru district successfully registered as a dairy farmer with the Dairy Services. Her herd was tested and found negative for Contagious Abortion (CA). Other milk quality tests on the herd; the Somatic Cell Count and Total Bacteria Count were also within the acceptable range. Dairibord Zimbabwe Limited did an on farm inspection of Paramu’s milk handling facilities and gave a ‘thumbs-up’ on the facilities. Paramu will start delivering her milk to Dairibord9 in the next quarter. Paramu outpaced three other farmers from her area that are at various stages of meeting the quality requirements to register as dairy farmers, indeed showing her leadership in breaking new ground.

5.5 ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY, FINANCE, CREDIT, AND MARKETS

The program focuses on increasing women’s access to financial service providers; sustainable markets; skills and technologies that enhance productivity by building networks and linkages. 5.5.1 Access to Technology Gender friendly technologies and management practices promoted during the quarter included use of PERSUAP compliant herbicides and pesticides; liquid soap making; construction of gender friendly handling facilities and fodder flow planning. The program provides training and technical assistance on the construction of cattle races that allow safe and easy handling of cattle by women and youth during routine and essential GAHPs such as spraying to control ticks, deworming, and weighing. During the quarter, 364 farmers, 44 percent women, were trained on construction of cattle handling facilities compared to 243 farmers, 43 percent women, in the previous quarter. Farmers were also trained on fodder flow planning as a management tool for ensuring adequate production, conservation and good animal nutrition. The program trained 88 dairy farmers, 41 percent women, and 54 beef farmers, 43 percent women on fodder flow planning during the review period. Ruth Chibafa from Gweru, Midlands heeded lessons on fodder flow planning and increased her fodder bank by planting an additional 0.2 hectares of velvet beans to ensure adequate supplementary feed for her four in- calf and lactating cows. Chibafa will also utilize low-cost feed sources which include urea-treated stover and hay to prevent poverty deaths during the lean season and ensure acceptable body condition that enhances herd productivity. 5.5.2 Access to Finance and Credit During the quarter, individual farmers and women ISAL/PPLS groups were linked to MFIs that include UNTU Capital and Lion Finance to increase their access to credit. Lion Finance has a quota system that ensures that 50 percent of its loans are accessed by women. In addition, the institution encourages savings through its Mukando product. Participating groups and individuals can access four times in credit the amount of their Mukando savings. Two PPLS groups from Chirumanzu opened savings accounts with Lion Finance and are set to receive up to four times the amount of their deposits to finance income-generating projects at a monthly interest rate of 2 percent. The Rugare group with five female members and the Batanai group with 18 members (16 females and two males) deposited $700 (Batanai $500; Rugare $200) with the MFI.

9 Paramu has since made her maiden delivery of 20liters of raw milk to Dairibord Zimbabwe on 17 April 2018.

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Bennita Chidhaya from Gokwe South, Midlands has been ranked among the best clients for UNTU Capital following her faultless credit record. Chidhaya, who has borrowed for a record five times since being introduced to the MFI by the program in 2015, has graduated from accessing group loans to borrowing as an individual – granting her autonomy in terms of loan management. In the past, Chidhaya accessed short and long-term loans worth $3,000, which she invested in irrigation equipment; developing paddocks; artificial insemination and purchase of dairy animals. The current $2,000 loan is for constructing a water reservoir. As a result of her good repayment record, Chidhaya has also benefitted from reduced loan charges with administration fees for her current loan being waived following a gradual reduction from 5.5 percent. In addition, she is enjoying discounted monthly interest charges of 2 percent compared to 6 percent charged for other clients. “Chidhaya is one of our best clients,” said UNTU Capital Microfinance loan administrator Tsitsi Marada. “We have never followed up on her since she never misses any instalment date.” The program is training farmers on good credit management to ensure that they become bankable. 5.5.3 Access to Markets The program works to improve women and youth participation in livestock production and marketing. During the quarter, eight women from Chipinge District sold 10 cattle worth $5,378 to formal markets. In Umzingwane district five women supplied 941 liters of raw milk to aggregator, Lovemore Ncube and were paid $386 during the review period.

5.6 STRENGTHENING WOMEN AND YOUTH THROUGH GROUPS

The program continued to provide training and technical assistance to women groups and individual women beneficiaries. Involvement of women groups and associations helps in building confidence, networks and mentorship of female famers. Group activities include pen fattening; nutrition and WASH (Table 5.6) Table 5.6: Summary of Women’s Groups Working with the Program, Q1 FY2018 Organization Name Activities /Type District Dzidzai Women’s Group Toilets, Livestock Chipinge Green Valley Women’s Group Pen fattening Kwekwe Kubudirira Women’s Group Pen fattening, gardens, Livestock Kwekwe Kumboedza Women’s Group ISALs Chipinge Kushinga Women’s Group Livestock, ISALs Chirumanzu Mwacheta Women’s Group ISALs, chickens Chipinge Rugare Women’s Group ISALs Chirumanzu

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6. LESSONS LEARNED

The main lessons learned during program implementation to date and mitigation steps taken during the quarter are listed below and in Annex 4, which covers issues specific to performance of feedlots. Outstanding strategic challenges are provided separately in Section 7. The milk aggregator model has been successful in Umzingwane district, where small scale processors and local entrepreneurs engage to create an alternative milk market to the traditional MCC. The aggregator model developed new streams of income for all value chain actors- smallholder farmers, aggregator and the processors, and this has rekindled efforts by farmers to produce more milk by adopting technologies. Consequently, the program is replicating the model in other program areas, starting with Chirumanzu. Adequate fodder production is critical in commercializing dairy among small holder farmers as this addresses issues of low volumes and seasonality of milk supply. The program introduced the beef-dairy concept where beef breeds that have low milk potential and short lactation periods are being milked for sale of milk to local or formal markets. Lactation length and milk yields for these breeds can be significantly improved by consistent supplementary feeding with low to no cost feed together with adoption of GAHPs. Hence, it is imperative that smallholder farmers establish adequate acreage of fodder to improve milk yields and consistency of supply especially in the drought threatening years. The ongoing liquidity crunch in Zimbabwe is negatively affecting all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. Taking heed of the program’s advice, beneficiaries are increasingly embracing the use of plastic money10 in their agribusinesses. The program will continue to encourage farmers to use plastic money to facilitate transactions and improve commerce within the agriculture sector. The program’s facilitated market linkages of beneficiary farmers to formal buyers has significantly reduced the activities of middlemen who were buying cattle at half the price offered by abattoirs. Middlemen are now either agents of abattoirs or are buying at reasonable discounted prices of 20 percent or less what farmers are getting from the formal market. Middlemen are an integral part of the beef value chain fulfilling vital marketing functions at the “last mile distribution” as we try to bring smallholder farmers into formal markets. They need training and technical assistance in market development and business skills.

10 This term covers any cashless transactions, which include ATM, credit and debit cards ; online banking (internet), and Mobile Money- through phones-where we have our Ecocash, Telecash or One wallet.

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7. CHALLENGES

The main challenges that affected the development of smallholder farmers’ agribusiness and hence affected program implementation are outlined below: The reporting period was characterized by prolonged dry spells which continued from the previous quarter and lasted until the last week of January 2018 adversely affecting fodder production. The late incessant rains in February and March 2018 were of little help as farmers faced challenges in getting lands prepared; lacked seed for replanting or for establishing new crops and fodder activities were not top priority as farmers focused on getting their food crops in the ground. The program helped farmers to source fodder seed from other program areas such as Chipinge where there were reasonable stocks; advised farmers to plant drought tolerant short season, food and fodder crops; encouraged farmers to use retained maize for silage production; and encouraged zero till. The late incessant rains also increased the risk of tick borne diseases and foot rot. The program continued to train farmers on the importance of routine and calendared deworming, vaccinations and dipping as well as on-farm tick control using knapsacks. As a preventative measure to foot rot, the program encouraged farmers to construct three cross-sectional pens and overnight paddocks. In most program focus areas, there are irregular cattle dipping schedules from government-run dip tanks due to inconsistent supply of dipping chemicals. In some areas such as Gokwe South and Kwekwe, dipping is done once a month as opposed to the recommended weekly dipping during the wet summer months. This challenge has coincided with high tick infestation which tends to be at peak during the summer months. The program continued to encourage farmers to conduct regular tick scouting on their cattle and to practice on-farm dipping using knapsack sprayers and the correct PERSUAP compliant acaricides. Program beneficiaries mobilized their own resources to purchase vaccines, dipping chemicals and dosing remedies in bulk to help control these diseases. Besides the drought, the presence of Fall Army Worm (FAW) in most program areas is an immediate, medium, and long term threat to maize production for both food and fodder. A major concern is that there is no coordinated, collaborative and concerted effort at national level to combat the threat. The program encouraged farmers to use other less prone cereals (millets); adopt integrated pest management where they would intercrop cereals with legumes to relieve FAW pressure on the maize and also use PERSUAP compliant chemicals (Lambda and Carbaryl). The outbreak of anthrax in Chipinge district in January 2018 and the continued presence of FMD in some parts of Chirumanzu district threatened livestock activities in the areas in particular cattle movement and marketing. The program in conjunction with Chipinge Livestock Development Trust encouraged farmers to collectively purchase anthrax, black leg, and botulism vaccines and administered to their cattle. The low production volumes and lack of cold chains remain the greatest challenge for formal milk market development. The program will continue to build on and explore other models, particularly those that bring the processor closer to the farmers.

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8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER

The next quarter (April – June of 2018) activities will focus on efforts that improve livestock production and productivity on a sustainable basis taking cognizance of feedback and lessons learned from program implementation in the past two years. The program will ramp up and intensify efforts on harvesting and conservation of fodder; cattle breeding and health; off the rangeland cattle sales; mobilizing resources and farmers for pen fattening, and market linkages for dairy; and sourcing credit. Specifically, the program will: Train and offer technical assistance on GAHPs and GAPs for increased production and productivity; animal health and disease control; and drought mitigation. Farmers will be encouraged to stockpile livestock feeds, cull unproductive animals, invest proceeds from cattle sales in stock feeds and veterinary drugs, formulate feeds based on locally available sources, and harvest and harness water for both domestic and livestock use. Assist farmers to plan for next season feedlots and fodder production by encouraging harvesting and conservation of feeds earmarked for augmenting feedlot rations as well as reserving and procuring forage seed for next season plantings. Build the capacity of program trained AISPs by linking them to commercial livestock breeders, proficient veterinarians, MFIs, and PPLS groups to improve breeding services within the smallholder sector. Continue improving access to formal markets for beef and dairy producers. The program will focus on developing the milk aggregator model, engaging dairy processors, and building the capacity of MCCs. Continue developing, identifying, and setting up centers of excellence to showcase best practices and impact on productivity, while leveraging on farmer-to-farmer mentorship, private sector linkages, and information sharing. Encourage the formation of VSL/ISALs/PPLS groups that are inclusive of youth, women, and men as a way of mobilizing resources for working capital and financing ownership of livestock. In addition, use savings from VSL/ISALs/PPLS groups to provide resources for financing behavior change activities for nutrition and WASH. Continue to use the whole farm approach by incorporating small stock and other food crops to improve farmer’s resilience, consumption of nutritious food and diet diversification, especially among women and children. Continue raising awareness, training and technical assistance on gender, environment, nutrition, and WASH. Prepare for conducting the annual household survey for FY2018.

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ANNEX 1. SNAPSHOTS

Artificial Insemination Breeds Hope for Chipinge Cattle Farmers

The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s first artificial insemination (AI) demonstrations in Chipinge, Manicaland exceeded expectations, motivating farmers like Norman Deruko and Isiah Maranele not only to adopt AI practices themselves but to encourage their neighbors to do so as well. To date, six AI cows have calved-down improved breed calves and their superiority over local inbreeds is significant. The program is promoting AI as a low-cost breed improvement technology to enable smallholder farmers to access improved breeds. Whereas a fully grown improved breed heifer or bull has a prohibitive price tag of $1,000 to $2,000, smallholder farmers can inseminate their beef breeds with Photo by Fintrac superior dairy breeds at a cost of $65 per cow. The offspring are beef-dairy cross breeds that have higher “Thanks to the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development productivity through increased meat and milk yields. program, I now own improved breeds, which will help improve on milk production, carcass quality, and early maturity in offspring,” To complement the inseminator’s competency and Norman Deruko, smallholder beef farmer semen quality, the program imparts skills to equip farmers to appreciate and ensure the prerequisites for AI are provided which include: construction of good handling facilities, in particular cattle race and; isolation pens to separate the heat synchronized and bred cows from communal bulls; sufficient feed to maintain cow on a high plane of nutrition; good animal health; and good stockman ship at pre and post insemination involving stringent monitoring of cows to observe any returns to heat. The first AI offspring in Deruko and Maranele’s herd are now four months old and have outgrown10-month-old indigenous breed calves in the same herd under same management. It is anticipated that at 24 months, the AI calves will weigh around 300 to 350 kilograms, while most of the local breeds of the same age will be around 200 kilograms. Surrounding farmers have seen the calves’ rapid growth rates, and are motivated to adopt AI technology. More than 20 farmers are planning to inseminate their cows in the next quarter. Farmers whose cows recently calved down following inseminations in 2017 are also upbeat; Deruko is planning at least five inseminations while Godfrey Makuyana, another program farmer, is preparing to inseminate three cows this year. Program farmer Patson Myambo sold his inferior heifer and is planning to use the proceeds to pay for AI services for his four selected cows. “Thanks to the program, I now own improved breeds, which will help improve on milk production, carcass quality, and early maturity in offspring,” said Deruko, who has since earned the title of resident AI expert as surrounding farmers flock his homestead to learn more about the procedure. Twenty-two calves have been born out of 78 inseminated cows across the program focus areas, enough to demonstrate the benefits of AI technology over natural breeding by communal bulls. To ensure AI post-program sustainability, the program is coordinating activities with private sector companies including African Breeders Services Total Cattle Management (ABS-TCM) and Lion Finance Zimbabwe; government agencies including the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), the Department of Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX); and program trained and resident AI service providers.

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Program facilitates investments for increased production, productivity and resilience among beneficiaries

To increase resilience, production, and productivity for smallholder farmers, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program facilitates farmer investment in livestock production and other on-farm productivity-enhancing assets by linking them with financial institutions. During the second quarter of FY 2018, 46 beneficiary farmers (18 women) received credit worth $20,865 from Zimnat Financial Services, MicroPlan Financial Services, Lion Finance Zimbabwe, Gokwe Milk Collection Center (MCC), and Production Productivity Lending and Savings (PPLS) groups. Farmers used the credit to improve their herds through investing in productive female animals, potable water, and other farm infrastructure and equipment. In the face of the increasing frequency of droughts, the Photo by Fintrac program is encouraging farmers to invest in improved Dzingirai Juwere from Umzingwane, Matabeleland water sources. One such farmer is Dzingirai Juwere from South points to splash of water during borehole Umzingwane district, who secured a loan worth $3,590 from Zimnat Financial Services to facilitate drilling of a 60- drilling at his homestead. meter deep borehole at his homestead. In Kwekwe, Margaret Rudziva invested $2,500 from her own sources to drill and equip a 65-meter deep borehole; and Japhet Chizema augmented his personal savings with a $700-program facilitated loan from Lion Finance Zimbabwe to purchase a diesel water pump worth $871. Rudziva and Chizema have since established two fodder demonstration sites for rangeland reinforcement and seed multiplication. The farmers will not only derive extra income from selling fodder seed and horticulture produce but will also improve productivity of their livestock. In Chirumanzu, Midlands, Beatrice and Marko Magwaza are now the owners of a multi-functional diesel powered grinding mill thanks to a $3,000 loan from Lion Finance Zimbabwe complemented with proceeds derived from a program facilitated pen fattening venture. Apart from providing toll milling services for surrounding farmers, the versatile mill will reduce drudgery and timeously process fodder crops, hay and crop stover for ensiling and urea treatment. The program is encouraging farmers to stock pile crop residues, hay and acacia pods ahead of the lean season which is characterized by dwindling and deteriorating rangelands. To encourage farmers to invest in breeds that are well adapted to their environment, the program facilitated12 farmers (seven women) from Chipinge, Manicaland to access $5,054 from MicroPlan Financial Services in loans. The loans were used to purchase 12 in-calf heifers from Taguta Farm, a local breeder. The farmer group mobilized $4,546 as a down payment and will repay the loan in 6 monthly repayments starting from April 2018. By facilitating access to credit, the program is ensuring that farmers increase incomes, improve food security, and increase resilience on a sustainable basis.

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Celebrating female champions in livestock production

Livestock production, especially cattle rearing, has traditionally been a male-dominated field across all program operational areas. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s approach deliberately targets women as beneficiaries, lead farmers, and active participants in trainings and technical assistance, including farming as a family business. So far, the cumulative proportion of women involved in the program in Chipinge, Manicaland, stands at 44 percent. One of these beneficiaries is Sunungurai Gadha, who joined the program in 2015 when her herd of six cattle was at 50 percent calving rate and a calf mortality rate of 60 percent. The deaths were attributed to starvation. Through program intervention, Gadha adopted the Photo by Fintrac use of locally available low-cost supplementary feed Sunungurai Gadha’s velvet bean crop producing some sources such as molasses, urea treated stover, hay, pods sugar cane thrash, acacia pods, and browse plus to formulate nutritious livestock feed rations. Gadha also took the program’s advice to grow drought-tolerant fodder crops to provide additional low-cost sources of feed for her herd. She feeds the nutritious supplements to breeding females and calves to increase their conception rates and to promote the recommended growth rates, respectively. Consequently, two of Gadha’s five cows dropped two calves in FY 2016 (40 percent calving rate) and all five cows dropped calves in FY 2018, a 100 percent calving rate, increasing her herd size to 13. Gadha’s herd now comprises 62 percent breeding stock as she moves toward program recommendations of 70 percent of the herd as productive females. The natural increase in herd growth, if maintained, is expected to create opportunities for household cattle sales each year. The value of her herd has since increased from $2,000 at program inception to $3,950. “Before the Feed the Feed the Zimbabwe Livestock Development program, my cows had calving intervals longer than 24 months, but after adopting supplementary feeding, my cows are now calving yearly. This year has been the best,” said Gadha, who has since ensiled 800 kilograms of sorghum and grass fodder to feed her six lactating cows for 44 days at a supplementary rate of 3 kilograms per cow per day. To inspire fellow women in livestock production, Gadha hosted a well-attended technical day showcasing her good fodder crops and livestock production activities. The event was celebrated under the International Women’s Day theme, “Time is Now: Rural and urban activists transforming women’s lives,” and provided a platform for others to learn the importance of fodder production and good animal husbandry practices in the face of climate change. Gadha has grown 0.3 hectares of velvet bean, forage sorghum, and sunn hemp and expects to yield 1 ton of herbage for supplementation during the lean season. Gadha first learned feed formulations after attending and hosting demonstrations at her homestead in FY 2016 by former program subcontractor ABS-TCM. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program aims to empower women through trainings; increase their access to resources, improved technologies and services in livestock production; and raise gender awareness to provide equitable opportunities and vibrant enterprises in livestock production.

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ANNEX 2. LIST OF BUYERS

The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period.

Company Products Contact and Title Tel No. Email Agri Auctions Beef cattle Witness Sibanda 077 2633953 0713433645 Bulawayo Beef cattle SI Brenner 263 9 [email protected] Abattoirs 400715/403689 CBS Milk Buhle Nyathi 0771 930480 [email protected] CC Sales Beef cattle Richard Wakefield 0712 601061 [email protected] Perseverance 0772367671 [email protected] Dairibord Milk Murambakanda Denford Matiringe 0774 306108 [email protected] Dendairy Milk (Bulawayo Milk Depot) Gokwe South Milk and Dairy District General Procurement (059) 2405 products Hospital Gokwe South Milk Elias Chiweshe 0775 927631 MCC Mr Dhlodhlo Kershelmar Milk 0772 252734 [email protected] (Procurement Manager) Koala Park Kobus Raath 0773 477751 [email protected] Abattoir Chiredzi Beef Cattle 0784 844000 Abattoir Kadoma Carl Tuke 0774 642755 [email protected] 0779 748230 Heads and Hooves Beef cattle Chris Androliakos [email protected] 0712 211856 Mandigonera Goats Tendai Sixpence 0777 167270 [email protected] Enterprises Mhofu Mukaka Milk Mitchelle Viviers 0772333601 Montana Carswell 0771 247612 Meats Gokwe & Beef cattle Arthur Rex [email protected] 059-2855 Redcliff Montana Carswell Rod Fenell 0773 982898 Beef cattle Meats Craig Green 0772 816069 Morestead Venge Processor Milk Morestead Venge 0772341448 Chirumanzu 0774 101768 Red Tractor Dairy Milk Gavin Cantor 0772 831500 Beef cattle & Sabie Meats Neil van der Merwe 0772 214116 [email protected] stock feed Spar Zimbabwe Dairy products Buyer 0772 977 345 St. Agnes School Dairy Products Procurement 0775 024223 Sarah Ndodha Takawira MCC Milk 0773 378778

Umzingwane MCC Milk Sheila Lupuwana 0775 559742

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ANNEX 3. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. Company Products Contact & Title Tel No. Email Agrifoods Stock feed Luke Mutemeri 0712 632 333 [email protected] Cottco Cotton Motes Mr. Mutauranwa 0773 715297 [email protected] Dr. Morgan Matingo 0772 282803 [email protected] Ecomark & Coopers Veterinary supplies Dr. Oswin Choga 0773 724088 [email protected] Technical information on Econet Wireless Beniah Nyakanda 0774 222867 [email protected] livestock Feed Mix Stock feed Wendy Krog 04-446132 [email protected] Dr. Bruce Fivaz 0772 189802 [email protected] Fivet Veterinary supplies John Magasi (sales) 0773 582239 [email protected] Maize, pasture, and Klein Karoo Beauty Magiya 0772 339326 [email protected] vegetable seed Lamour Dairy Milk, dairy animals Gareth Barry 0772 260799 [email protected] Products Lion Finance Paul Chapotaronga 0772 100257 [email protected] Finance Zimbabwe Trevor Arigundiya 0772 789 534 [email protected] Luipaardsvlei Brahman bulls Dawie Joubert 0774 334554 [email protected] Brahmans Meadow Feeds Stock feed Mark Androliakos 0712 212338 [email protected] Micro Plan Financial Finance Annah Sithole 0731772732 [email protected] Services National Foods Stock feed Willard Mukondiwa 0772148713 0733400112 [email protected] Milk bulk tanks and National dairy Co-op Mr. Watadza 0773 246570 molasses Quest Financial Finance James Msipa 0772 573276 [email protected] Services Sabie Meats Beef cattle & stock feed Neil van der Merwe 0772 214116 [email protected] Taguta Farm Cattle Breeder Noah Taguta 0772452310 Clive Msipa 0774 164390 UNTU Capital Finance (04) 332968/308746 [email protected] Amon Basuthu 0773 026 844 Veterinary Animal health products Nyasha Chipepe (04)793183 Distributors

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Company Products Contact & Title Tel No. Email Vet Distributors Animal health products Chidhakwa Courage 0777498008 [email protected] Gweru Stock feed and veterinary Windmill Claude Ndavambi 0772 433496 [email protected] supplies Zimbabwe Farmers 0771 564555 Farmer Organization Paul Zakariya [email protected] Union 0771 564554 0773509977 Zimnat Financial Svcs Finance Tichaona Gumera [email protected] 04701176/80/82

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ANNEX 4. SUMMARY OF FEEDLOT REVIEW

Lessons Learned What Went Wrong Way Forward Early preparation by mobilizing Late payment of commitment fees by required resources and payment some group members resulting in on time; using ISALs/PPLs Group organization eases access to late procurement of stock feed and resources for instalment credit drugs; consequently delayed payments to initiate purchase of deliveries stock feed early to avoid borrowing. Having contracts with buyer help Independent transporter delayed in Facilitate contracts with buyers as in easing of marketing during the fixing vehicle after it had broken part of market development peak period. down. This affected slaughter dates. Organize farmer to farmer Farmer to farmer exchange visits Mixed performance of cattle from exchange visits and technical days during pen fattening period help in different farmer groups as part of the pen fattening learning how cattle are performing. calendar. Economies of scale (large animal In some districts like Kwekwe, fewer Encourage farmers, particularly numbers of pen fed animals) numbers of pen fed animals resulted lead farmers to lead in the significantly reduced transaction in higher transaction costs( preparations and mobilization of costs; transport, input transport, cattle clearance, and input cattle for pen fattening as early as procurement, and animal clearance procurement) May/June with the DVS and the police. Continue training farmers on how to select the right breed, age, sex and age of animal to put in the feedlots for better feed Old cull cows, older oxen and bull conversion efficiencies and better Crossbreeds, younger male animals did not perform well in the feedlots feedlot performance, better performed better than older and hence had relatively lesser incomes. animals, bulls and female animals returns Encourage direct sales off the rangeland of old cull cows , older oxen and bulls at the end of the rainfall season when their condition is still good Animals which were in reasonably good condition economy at induction, tended to perform Farmers to adopt GAHPs to better than animals which were Animals lost a lot of their summer include timely dosing and emaciated and in the manufacturing weights/body conditions during the supplementary feeding so as to grade. Rule of thumb in pen winter period before induction for minimize cattle body losses feeding do not to allow animals for the feedlot. before the pen feeding period. pen fattening to lose more than 10% of their weights gained in summer Using feed from commercial feed Poor quality and poorly packed feeds suppliers such as National Foods, from Montana Carswell. Also delays Source feed from a reputable feed Agri Foods, and Feed Mix result in in feed transportation from Montana company. good performance Carswell to the farmers Farmers who had harvested hay, Farmers who had not harvested hay Farmer should prepare for pen or had urea treated stover as ad had to spend a lot of time looking fattening as early as March so as

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Lessons Learned What Went Wrong Way Forward libitum feed for their pen fed cattle for hay which was over matured and to harvest quality hay; stock pile had better returns of poor quality. Cattle fed this poor and treat cereal stover; conserve quality hay did not perform well as and stock pile leguminous stover cattle that were fed better quality and stock pile nutritive fodder hay and urea treated stover from the wild to augment the commercial stock feed

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ANNEX 5. ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS

Indicator Base- FY2018 Q2 Indicator Disaggregate Total Unit Source line Target FY2018 841 1,359 0 Total 3,290 11 Number of households Households 1 benefiting directly from USG EG.3-1 581 1,028 (New and 0 Beef 1,974 assistance under FTF 12 Continuing) 0 Dairy 1,316 260 33113 Estimated number and percentage of FTF beneficiaries N/A 2 holding 5 hectares or less of LD 15 91 82 N/A15 Percent arable land or equivalent units of livestock (Smallholders)14 Prevalence of poverty: Percent 76 Overall 75 N/A N/A 3 of people living on less than LD 10 84 Beef 80 N/A N/A Percent † $1.90/day 60 Dairy 60 N/A N/A

Mean percent shortfall relative 4 LD11 45 20 N/A N/A Percent to the $1.90 poverty line

237.7 N/A Beef 650 N/A Average household agricultural 2 5 LD 1 USD income 415.2 N/A Dairy 1,435 N/A 2 18.80 Beef 30.24 N/A N/A Farmer’s gross margin per 6 EG.3-6,7,8 119.4 N/A USD animal with USG assistance Dairy 122.35 N/A 9 7 Yield per dairy cow LD 5 2.61 6.38 N/A N/A Liters/day Number of farmers and others who have applied improved N/A 8 technologies or management EG.3.2-17 0 3,106 N/A Farmers practices as a result of USG assistance Percent of beneficiaries selling 9 at least 80 percent of their milk LD 6 39 80 N/A N/A Percent to formal collection centers Percent of beneficiaries selling Percentage 1 at least one head of beef cattle LD 7 26 beneficiaries 45 N/A N/A Percent 0 annually to formal buyers16 selling cattle

11 The program has reached out to 1,359 households (675 new & 684 continuing) in FY2018. 12 The program has reached out to 1,028 beef households (590 new & 438 continuing) 13 The program has reached out to 331 dairy households (85 New and 246 continuing) 14 For FTFZ-LD, the indicator is biased toward livestock; it focuses on households who have 10 or less cattle for beef beneficiaries and 2 or less lactating cows for dairy beneficiaries. 15 Data will be collected through the AHS & result will be available in Q4 FY2018 (Annual Report) 16 Formal markets include Abattoirs, Auctions, Breeders, Butcheries, Traders/Consolidators and Institutions (schools and hospitals).

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Indicator Base- FY2018 Q2 Indicator Disaggregate Total Unit Source line Target FY2018 Percentage beneficiaries N/A 41 selling cattle 70 N/A to formal markets Number of market linkages 37217 Total 1,500 N/A 13418 1 established with service 19 LD 16 289 Beef 1,100 N/A 69 1 providers entered into with N/A 20 USG supported MSMEs 83 Dairy 400 65 Total (Actual 0.64 N/A 0.10 N/A Sales) (1.57) Value of smallholder Beef Cattle N/A 1 0.43(0.6 incremental sales with USG EG.3.2-19 0.03 (live) (Actual N/A USD Millions 2 6) assistance21 Sales) Dairy (Actual 0.21(0.9 N/A 0.07 N/A Sales) 1) Number of individuals who 0 Total 4,008 1,00922 1,631 have received USG supported 23 1 0 Male 2,004 485 786 Unique short-term agricultural sector EG.3.2-1 3 52424 Individuals productivity or food security 0 Female 2,004 845 training Value of agricultural and rural 12,51826 1 22,13 loans as a result of USG EG.3.2-6 0 55,000 USD 4 927 assistance25 Value of loans extended N/A 1 through village and internal 1,304 LD 17 3,000 USD 5 savings and lending schemes as 28 a result of USG assistance 1 Number of MSMEs, including 4629 EG.3.2-3 0 201 125 MSMEs 6 farmers, receiving agricultural-

17 Baseline figures established in FY2017 18 134 farmers were linked to formal markets (44 females and 90 males) in Q1 FY2018 – update on the indicator will be provided in Q3, FY2018 19 69 beef farmers were linked to formal markets mainly abattoirs (21 females & 48 males) in Q1 FY 2018 – update on the indicator will be provided in Q3, FY2018 20 65 dairy farmers were linked to formal markets; abattoirs, MCCs , milk processors & milk aggregator (23 females & 42 males) in Q1FY2018 – update on the indicator will be provided in Q3, FY2018 21 The indicator is reporting on incremental sales yet disaggregation is on actual sales. The actual year sales figures are the ones captured in brackets. 22 1,009 unique individual farmers were trained in Q2 FY2018 (697 beef and 312 dairy) 23 317 beef & 168 dairy 24 380 beef & 144 dairy 25 The indicator considers credit/loans received by MSMEs including farmers from registered financial institutions only 26 12,518 worth of loans were disbursed to 15 farmers (7 women) from Lion Finance Zimbabwe, Micro Plan Financial Services and Zimnat 27 $22,138.55 ($9,620.55 (Q1) + $12,518 (Q2)) was accessed by farmers from Micro Plan Financial Services, Lion Finance Zimbabwe, Quest Financial (Chipinge) Untu (Gokwe South) and Zimnat (Umzingwane) 28 $1,304 (Q1) was disbursed by Green Valley PPLS. 29 46 farmers (18 women) received credit worth $20,865 from Micro Plan Financial Services, Lion Finance, Zimnat Financial Institution and Gokwe MCC

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Indicator Base- FY2018 Q2 Indicator Disaggregate Total Unit Source line Target FY2018 related credit as a result of USG assistance Percent of beneficiaries 3030 1 borrowing at least once to LD 8 0 10 1231 Percent 7 finance purchase of livestock or other capital investment Women’s dietary diversity: 1 Mean number of food groups N/A HL.9.1-c 2.5 5 N/A Groups 8 consumed by women of reproductive age 1 Prevalence of households with N/A LD12 39.2 20 N/A Percent 9 moderate or severe hunger Percent of female direct beneficiaries of USG nutrition- N/A 2 sensitive agriculture activities LD 20 6032 60 N/A Percent 0 consuming a diet of minimum diversity Percent of households that N/A 2 consistently consume at least 5 LD 2 7 60 N/A Percent 1 of 9 food groups Prevalence of children 6-23 N/A 2 months receiving a minimum LD 14 1 20 N/A Percent 2 acceptable diet Percent of households that N/A 2 consistently practice at least 4 LD 3 13 60 N/A Percent 3 out of 6 good hygiene practices Prevalence of exclusive N/A 2 breastfeeding of children under LD13 72 72 N/A Percent 4 six months of age Total quantity of targeted N/A nutrient-rich value chain 1,465, 2 commodities produced by 1,501,83 LD 21 055.8 N/A Liters 5 direct beneficiaries with USG 5 3 assistance that is set aside for home consumption Number of food security 2 private enterprises (for profit), Organizations/ EG.3.2-4 0 50 3934 6 producer organizations, water Associations users associations, women’s 2433

30 14 of 46 farmer beneficiaries borrowed to finance purchase of livestock and capital investment in Q2, FY2018 31 15 of 125 farmers borrowed to finance purchase of capital goods and livestock-12 farmers of Budiriro group (heifers); Chizema Josphat (water pump); Juwere Dzingirai (borehole) and in Q1 Chidhaya Bennita Gokwe South) accessed a loan from Untu Capital toward investment in a water reservoir. 32 Baseline determined in FY2017 33 24 organizations/associations were assisted in FY2018 (16 producer groups, six PPLS and seven women’s groups) 34 39 unique organization/associations were assisted in FY2018

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 57 Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Program | Quarterly Report #2 FY2018

Indicator Base- FY2018 Q2 Indicator Disaggregate Total Unit Source line Target FY2018 groups, trade and business associations, and community- based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG food security related organizational development assistance Number of public-private EG.3.2-5 135 2 partnerships formed as a result 0 2 136 PPPs 7 of USG assistance Average change in score on N/A 2 organizational assessment LD 4 0 (52) 25 N/A Percent 8 scorecard administered pre- and post-assistance

37 N/A Number of individuals who 130 658 N/A 2 Total Individual have invested in agriculture as a LD 18 9 56 Beef 395 N/A N/A farmers result of USG assistance 74 Dairy 263 N/A N/A Value of individual investment N/A 3 74,92 made in agriculture as a result LD 19 197,400 N/A USD 0 038 of USG assistance Value of new private sector N/A capital investment in the 3 agriculture sector or food chain EG.3.2-22 0 10,000 N/A USD 1 leveraged by Feed the Future implementation GNDR3: Percent of female 52 3 program beneficiaries in GNDR 3 36 50 5239 Percent 2 relevant leadership positions Percent of beneficiaries who have adopted the following business practices Develop a budget for each farm N/A 3 0 35 N/A enterprise LD 9 Percent 3 Track income and expenses in a N/A 0 35 N/A record book Calculate profit/loss for each major N/A 0 35 N/A farm enterprise

35 Public Private Partnership was formed between the program and Micro Plan Financial Services 36 Public private partnership was formed between the program and Micro Plan Financial Services 37 Baseline established in FY2017 38 Baseline established in FY2017 39 The program has 194 beneficiaries occupying various leadership positions (52% women); 79 are lead farmers (54% women)

Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 58