SEPTEMBER

24 IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin OCTOBER 2011

self off of foreign aid dependence, the as illustrated by the experience of Black gold role of oil must be examined critically townspeople in Hera, where a power and petroleum treated as one compo- plant is currently under construction. or black hole? nent in a broader economic strategy, The plant is meant to be a key com- rather than as a magic bullet. ponent in the government’s drive for Oil and One of the main components of the national electrification. So far, how- Timorese government’s current Stra- ever, the government has purchased development tegic Development Policy is the Tasi generators designed to run on heavy Mane project, an initiative to develop oil, refinery leftovers that do not burn in Timor Leste infrastructure for the petroleum in- cleanly and lead to air and water pol- dustry along the country’s southwest lution; environmental impact assess- KAI THALER coast between Suai and Beaço. The ments have not been completed; and Affiliated Researcher, IPRIS Tasi Mane project calls for the con- communities in the immediate vicin- struction of three main industrial ity of the plant have not been consult- Petroleum has been a cornerstone of nodes: Suai Supply Base cluster, the ed and have not been kept properly economic development in Timor Leste Betano Refinery and Petrochemi- informed about the project’s progress since the country finally achieved in- cal Industry cluster, and the Beaço and its potential impacts, negative or dependence in 2002, accounting for LNG-Plant cluster. The refinery and positive. This lack of government re- approximately half of the country’s petrochemical facilities at Betano will sponsiveness and openness is trou- budget each year. Revenues from benefit Timor Leste in particular, as bling, for it signals a devaluation of the oil fields between Timor Leste it will enable domestic production re- Timorese democracy, as well as a and Australia have flowed into state fined fuel, fertilizers and pesticides, disregard for environmental conse- coffers and been placed in a sover- and other petrochemical products quences.1 eign wealth fund that helps forestall that are currently imported, keep- More broadly, the question remains misappropriation of funds and other ing more of Timor Leste’s oil wealth as to whether the Timorese govern- corruption. Yet Timor Leste remains in the country. The Tasi Mane project ment will use future revenues from underdeveloped, ranking only 120th will also create local employment, yet the Tasi Mane project to diversify out of 169 countries in the latest UN it is unclear exactly how many jobs the economy, or if Timor Leste will Human Development Report. In early will be created, and skilled, techni- instead remain a single-commodity October, the Italian oil company Eni cal positions will likely be occupied by export economy. Infrastructural de- began production in the offshore Kitan foreign workers. velopment related to the energy sec- oil field, aiming to achieve production There also have not been sufficient of 40,000 barrels per day, and the Ti- studies of the environmental and morese government has recently un- social impacts of such large-scale 1 This holds unfortunate parallels to the controversy veiled plans aimed at further devel- industrial projects for the communi- over emissions releases at the Mozal aluminum smelter in . See Kai Thaler, “Mega- oping the petroleum sector. As Timor ties in which they will be built. This projects, pollution, and divergent development Leste seeks to develop economically is becoming an unfortunate pattern models in Mozambique” (IPRIS Lusophone Countries and socially and to begin weaning it- for the government of Timor Leste, Bulletin, No. 13, November 2010), pp. 2-3. IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 2

tor, such as the Hera power plant and Judging by the experience of other the Tasi Mane project, consumes the petroleum-producing countries, it is majority of the government budget, difficult to resist the allure of quick and little money is put toward the cash from black gold. The petroleum growth of other industries that might sector in Timor Leste has significant diversify the Timorese economy. momentum and capital for further Greater diversification would help development. If the Timorese govern- not just to lift more of the population ment is going to spend on projects out of poverty, it would also insulate like Tasi Mane, then international do- the Timorese economy from oil price nors, the second half of Timor Leste’s fluctuations and production shocks. budget equation, should ensure that The latter is of great concern, as their contributions toward economic some estimates suggest that Timor development are directed toward oth- Leste may exhaust its oil reserves er industries. The Timorese govern- by mid-century, and there is always ment, in part through its involvement the potential for natural or mechani- with the g7+ group,2 has sought to as- cal disasters, like the 2009 Montara sert greater control over the distribu- wellhead blowout and oil spill in the tion of foreign aid; it should work in Timor Sea, a 74 day spill which fore- partnership with donors to build ca- shadowed but attracted far less at- pacity in traditional and new areas of tention than the BP Deepwater Hori- production. In this way, Timor Leste zon spill in the Gulf of . can better provide for the impover- As it stands, Timor Leste appears ished majority of the population and to have avoided Dutch disease, the can also being to prepare itself for a economic condition in which one future beyond oil. dominant natural resource industry leads to currency appreciation that forestalls development in other sec- 2 See Kai Thaler, “Timor Leste and the g7+: A new tors. The Petroleum Fund has mini- approach to the security and development aid mized this risk by isolating most of nexus” (IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin, No. 18, April 2011), pp. 4-7. Timor Leste’s oil wealth in offshore investments. Yet the petroleum sec- tor is still hampering development of other industries by acting as a mag- net for government spending, while its potential short term benefits for economic diversification and uplift- ing poor Timorese are diminished by restrictions on the release of money from the Petroleum Fund. More effort should be put toward the development of improved, sustain- able agriculture and fishing practices that can contribute to both economic development and food security. It is precisely these food-producing in- dustries that face the greatest threat from petroleum-based development, as they can potentially be harmed by oils spills and acid rain produced by industrial emissions. Increased em- phasis should also be given to the development of small scale manu- facturing to produce goods for the domestic market that must otherwise be imported. IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 3

Is rediscovering Latin America? PEDRO SEABRA Affiliated Researcher, IPRIS

On 28 and 29 October, Asunción was the place to be in dances by previous Portuguese governments officials in Latin America. Indeed, Heads of State and Government, other summits. But precisely because we are talking of Foreign Ministers, and a myriad of other high officials a relatively recent government – Passos Coelho has only flew in from every Latin American country, as well as been in office for nearly four months –, one ought to pay from , Portugal and An- a closer look to the signals dorra, to attend the XXI Ibe- Quatro destaquesLatin being given to this particular ro-American Summit in the region, in a possible context Paraguayan capital. America may well be the of a slight refocus of Portu- Such gatherings have, for gal’s own diplomatic priorities. years now, conspicuously first region to receive this Latin America may well be been empty of any meaning- the first region to receive this ful results and full of lauda- recalibration of attention. recalibration of attention. The tory official declarations.1 Ev- case for this argument be- ery participating country has, The case for this argument gins precisely with the Por- nonetheless, come to recog- begins precisely with the tuguese official presence at nize the potential of this fo- the Ibero-American Summit, rum for establishing and de- Portuguese official presence best understood as way of veloping significant contacts demonstrating the country’s between one another and, at the Ibero-American clear “interest in the deep- perhaps more importantly, ening of relations with Latin for opening new doors for bi- Summit, best understood America”.2 Likewise, Portas’ lateral cooperation and eco- presence at the concurring nomic investments across as way of demonstrating VII Ibero-American Business the Atlantic. the country’s clear Summit was a stark contrast Portugal, for its part, was to previous editions in which represented at the highest “interest in the deepening of Portuguese officials did not possible level, with a del- even bother to make an ap- egation including President relations with Latin America”. pearance, as in Mar de la Pla- Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime ta in 2010.3 Minister and Foreign Minister Pau- Still, even more explicit examples of Portugal’s newfound lo Portas. Not exactly groundbreaking news and espe- interest in Latin America can be easily found. Portas’ cially so if we take into consideration similar past atten- declarations when receiving Ibero-American Secretary- General Enrique Iglesias back in September, for exam- 1 This year’s Summit focused on “Transformation of the State and ple, could not have been more straightforward: “there Development” even though it made more headlines due to the significant is no Portuguese foreign policy without Latin America”.4 official absences. Even if for different reasons, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, Argentinean President Cristina Fernández Kirchner, Venezuelan 2 Leonor Botelho, “Passos leva a Dilma luz verde para a privatização da EDP” President Hugo Chávez, Cuban President Raúl Castro, Salvadorian (Público, 27 October 2011). President Mauricio Funes, Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla, Uruguayan President José Mujica, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, 3 See Jorge Benítez C., “Portugal también se asoma a L. America” (ABC Color, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, Dominican President Leonel 23 October 2011). Fernández and Honduran President Porfírio Lobo all ended up skipping 4 “Portas e Iglesias destacam “relevância” de debater papel do Estado” (Lusa, the Summit. 14 September 2011). IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 4

The final policy consecration, however, came with Pas- Likewise, Colombia, as “one of the most impressive sos Coelho’s own speech at the Ibero-American Summit: economies on the American continent”,7 also appears “Latin America is a priority for [Portuguese] foreign pol- set to be granted increased attention. Portas him- icy, a priority that increasingly sees more and more new self paid a two-day visit to Bogotá on 1 November, ac- objectives and new ambitions”.5 companied by several Portuguese businessmen keen As these words resonate through Latin American capitals, on investing in the country, just as news broke of an one clarification could add overwhelming €400 million further significance to their investment by Portuguese consecutive outline. Indeed, The first target of Portugal’s retail company Jerónimo for Portuguese diplomacy, Martins in Colombia.8 For all ‘Latin America’ consists of newfound interest was, purposes, a convenient tim- the entire Central and South surprisingly enough, . ing that ended up bringing American region with the ex- to the fore the potential that ception of Brazil, given that In fact, Portas made sure to this bilateral relationship the former colony constantly withholds. Moreover, Prime stands out by itself in the attend the inauguration of Minister Passos Coelho ap- Portuguese foreign policy peared to equally endorse agenda. To single out Latin Peruvian President Ollanta such a reinforcement of ties, America in the country’s of- after meeting with Colom- ficial discourse is therefore Humala on 28 July, in his first bian Foreign Minister Maria to attribute a specific weight ever tour abroad after taking Ángela Cuéllar on 14 July to a region frequently absent and with President Juan in Portugal’s external policy. office. A meaningful political Manuel dos Santos on the Promising rhetoric aside, con- sidelines of the 66th United crete reasons for such sudden gesture to be sure but also Nations General Assembly rapprochement should be ad- on 22 September. dressed. Unsurprisingly, bilat- one that had never previously When considering these two eral trade and economic op- particular countries, how- portunities top every desired occurred throughout the ever, an additional factor agenda. The first target of Por- entire history of Portuguese- should be taken into consid- tugal’s newfound interest was, eration: the signing of a Trade surprisingly enough, Peru. In Peruvian diplomatic Agreement between Peru, fact, Portas made sure to at- Colombia and the EU in May tend the inauguration of Peru- relations. In that sense, 2010, presently only await- vian President Ollanta Humala ing final ratification by all on 28 July, in his first ever tour the underlying deference parties.9 Indeed, this agree- abroad after taking office. A ment represents an unparal- meaningful political gesture to did not go unnoticed. leled opportunity to “open up be sure but also one that had markets on both sides and never previously occurred throughout the entire history of increase the stability of this trade relationship that was Portuguese-Peruvian diplomatic relations. In that sense, worth €16 billion in bilateral trade in goods in 2010”.10 the underlying deference did not go unnoticed. The main It is then easily understandable why Portugal appears to objective, though, remained one and the same: to promote be positioning itself to reap the fruits of what it is ex- greater economic relations between the two countries, as pected to be a very lucrative relationship with Peru and already exemplified by the considerable investments of Por- tuguese construction company Mota-Engil in Peru.6 It thus came as no surprise that both Cavaco Silva and Portas took 7 “ destaca economia colombiana e manifesta vontade de receber the opportunity during the Ibero-American summit to hold investimento” (Lusa, 3 November 2011). another bilateral meeting with Humala, in a clear signal of 8 Raquel Almeida Correia, “Jerónimo Martins investe 400 milhões para entrar na Colômbia” (Público, 2 November 2011); “Supermercados de Portugal political investment on this particular country. invertirán US$600 millones” (El Tiempo, 2 November 2011). 9 Interestingly enough, Colombian Trade, Industry and Tourism Minister, Sérgio Díaz-Granado Guida reportedly asked Foreign Minister Paulo Portas 5 Pedro Passos Coelho, “Discurso do Primeiro-Ministro no XXI Cimeira Ibero- to intercede with his European peers to speed up the ratification process. See Americana, em Assunção, Paraguai” (Portuguese Government, 29 October Rosário Lima, “Privatizações portuguesas são bom investimento, defende 2011). Paulo Portas na Colômbia” (Antena 1, 2 November 2011). 6 “Peru é tentador para as empresas portuguesas. Porquê?” (Agência 10 For more details on this agreement see “Trade Agreement between Colombia, Financeira, 20 March 2011). Peru and the – highlights” (EU Business, 13 April 2011). IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 5

Colombia in a near future, by quickly increasing the level tops thus provide a framework for “consolidating and of bilateral political contacts. advancing the special relationship between Portugal On a different note, it is also important to mention the and Venezuela”.15 case of Venezuela. Although it received a sustained Other countries are also likely to be included in a new emphasis by the foreign policy of the previous gov- round of engagement with Latin America. Mexico, the ernment while enjoying similarly increased bilateral fourth largest market for Portuguese exports outside trade – for example, Portuguese exports to Venezu- of the EU, might just be the next in line, as the prom- ela nearly expanded ten fold between 2005 and 2010, ises of reciprocal visits scheduled for 2012 between the when it reached €160 million –, doubts surfaced af- two countries’ respective leaderships appear to sug- ter the change of govern- gest.16 Business exploration ment in Portugal that such missions, meanwhile, often an intense relationship Defining new ‘priorities’ is provide good indicators of a would continue.11 Neverthe- forthcoming increase in bilat- less, economic and political undeniably a privilege and eral economic relations; as developments have belied such, Argentina and Chile17 such concerns. Not only are a prerogative of any new may also soon enter the Por- previous contracts, signed in government – even though tuguese diplomatic orbit.18 2008, being reactivated and From a broader perspective, expanded12 but the Portu- Portuguese foreign policy it is thus clear that the level guese government itself has of political focus on Latin also reignited the Bilateral usually tends to generally America has considerably Commission in charge of improved, with several overt overseeing the execution of transcend party dichotomies attempts in a short amount those earlier agreements. of time aimed at elevating Energy, food supply and – but should ultimately Portugal’s profile in the re- port infrastructures, for only be publicly presented gion. Caution, though, should example, are some of main come hand in hand with such targeted areas and new es- as such after much careful public relations gestures, as timates of bilateral trade they do not always translate even point to high levels backstage work and a careful into practical and tangible re- of exchange, approaching sults on the ground. Defining €5 billion.13 Furthermore, identification of potential new ‘priorities’ is undeniably Portas’ three-day visit to a privilege and a preroga- Caracas on 30 October – vectors of cooperation. tive of any new government accompanied by major Por- – even though Portuguese tuguese companies, including Efacec, EDP, Galp En- foreign policy usually tends to generally transcend party ergia, Grupo Lena, Teixeira Duarte, Delta, etc. – has dichotomies – but should ultimately only be publicly pre- provided the required political cover for such reener- sented as such after much careful backstage work and a gized efforts, which also seek to build upon the con- careful identification of potential vectors of cooperation. siderable Portuguese community living in Venezuela. 14 Considering that one of Portugal’s current central Thirteen new cooperation agreements, the restart of a foreign policy goals is the expansion of its exports to previous oil supply deal with Venezuelan PDVSA, new emerging markets to help curtail the effects of the opportunities for the Portuguese shipbuilding industry ongoing economic crisis, particular emphasis should and the continuing export of Canaima/Magalhães lap- be given to the effective follow-up of every business

11 See Paulo Gorjão, “Portugal and Venezuela: continuity in times of change?” 15 “Portugal e Venezuela, uma história de amor” (, 2 November 2011). (IPRIS Viewpoints, No. 60, June 2011). See also Rosário Lira, “Porta-aviões portaguês chegou à Venezuela” (Jornal 12 Mónica Silvares, “Portugal volta a apostar na Venezuela” (Diário Económico, de Negócios, 1 November 2011). 17 October 2011); Sérgio Soares, “Delegação da Bolivariana de Puertos 16 “Passos Coelho aceitou convite para visitor o México no início de 2012” (Lusa, visitou Portugal” (Correio da Venezuela, No. 429, 20-26 October 2011), p. 3. 29 October 2011). See also, “Cavaco e Passos juntam-se hoje em Assunção, 13 “Exportações: Nova vaga comercial com a Venezuela vale até 5 mil milhões onde têm encontro com Presidente do México” (Lusa, 29 October 2011). de euros – Governo” (Lusa, 21 October 2011). 17 President Cavaco Silva and Foreign Minister Portas also met bilaterally with 14 After his attendance of Omalla’s inauguration, Portas was supposed to have President Sebastián Piñera during the Ibero-American Summit. paid a short visit to Caracas but Hugo Chávez’s sudden illness brought those 18 See for example, “Venezuela: AEP prepara missão à Argentina e ao Chile plans to a halt. Instead, he met with his Venezuelan counterpart Nicolás depois de ronda de negócios na Venezuela e Panamá” (Lusa, 25 September Maduro, also in Montevideo, and later on in during the latter’s 2011). technical stop on October 12th in the Portuguese capital. IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 6

opportunity that might arise in Latin America for Por- ests. Special care should therefore be in order when tuguese companies. Political connections should also trying to execute and implement untested diplomatic be guarded judiciously, as results may only emerge mechanisms towards these particular countries. in the long-term, rather than quickly. Only continued Latin America is undoubtedly a coveted region nowa- and consistent interest advocated through sustained days. Enviable growth rates, multiple business op- political channels can provide the foundations for the portunities and general adherence to the internation- kind of deeper relation- al legal framework are all ship that Portugal currently The first target of Portugal’s factors that contribute to its seeks for. current high profile in the The most immediate chal- newfound interest was, world at large. Cavaco Silva lenges for Portuguese as- himself has stated: “Portu- pirations in adjusting for- surprisingly enough, Peru. gal cannot stop paying at- eign policy priorities, how- tention to this set of Latin ever, might lie in the pre- In fact, Portas made sure to American countries, which announced reorganization have gone to great lengths of the country’s diplomatic attend the inauguration of in terms of democracy, de- structures abroad, as well Peruvian President Ollanta fense of human rights and as in the definition of the that now witness significant correct institutional model Humala on 28 July, in his first economic growth”.19 Actively for the implementation of engaging with Latin Ameri- a realistic ‘economic diplo- ever tour abroad after taking can countries, however, re- macy’. The first hurdle inev- quires a steady commitment itably implies a cost-benefit office. A meaningful political and a predisposition to analysis of Portuguese dip- adapt to evolving variables lomatic resources. Hence, gesture to be sure but also on the ground. Portugal’s the impact on the embassy one that had never previously latest initiatives may thus and consular network es- herald a new phase of rela- tablished throughout Latin occurred throughout the tionship with the continent, America will thus have to be even though more develop- properly considered in or- entire history of Portuguese- ments will still be needed in der to maintain coherence order to properly evaluate with the latest reinvigo- Peruvian diplomatic this apparent refocusing. rated diplomatic efforts. In Until then, new opportuni- light of this, ongoing ru- relations. In that sense, ties for engaging with Latin mors that the embassy in the underlying deference America will surely con- Lima will be one of those to tinue to abound and, with be closed naturally do not did not go unnoticed. that in mind, Portuguese bode well for future bilat- diplomacy will most likely eral prospects with Peru. As for the second predica- continue professing its desire to ramp up its relations ment, putting into practice a cross-ministerial, but with this particular region and attempting to seize still largely undefined, structure that successfully ad- upon its momentum to advance both diplomatic and vances Portuguese economic interests and business economic growth. opportunities may require a rather lengthy transition which could, in turn, temporarily have counterproduc- tive effects on the advancement of Portuguese inter- 19 “Esperança na América Latina maior que na Europa” (Lusa, 28 October 2011). IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 7

Timeline of Events

13 October (): gola’s new ambassador to Zambia, Balbina On the occasion of the José Eduardo dos San- Dias da Silva. tos Foundation’s (FESA) 15th anniversary, its 4 October (Harare): president Ismael Diogo stated that the Foun- 20-21 October (Luanda): Isabel dos Santos, businesswoman and dation is ready to continue supporting the Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff travelled daughter of President José Eduardo dos San- Angolan government in social solidarity, sci- to Luanda after visiting . This was her tos, reportedly met with Zimbabwean officials entific, cultural research, education, health, first official visit to Angola, where she met with to discuss the acquisition of state-owned mo- among others. José Eduardo dos Santos. The Angolan Presi- bile-phone network NetOne. dent stated that bilateral cooperation could 14 October (Luanda): still be strengthened, for instance in the areas 4-6 October (Windhoek): The Supreme Court decided to release the 17 of health, education, reduction of famine and National Assembly Speaker Paulo Kassoma protesters arrested during the September 3rd poverty, and also stated that Brazil should paid an official visit to Namibia, where he was rally against the 32-year-old rule of President have a permanent seat in the Security Council. received by his counterpart Theo-Ben Gurirab, José Eduardo dos Santos. and also met the country’s President Hifikepu- 21 October (Luanda): nye Lucas Pohamba. Kassoma defended the 14 October (Kinshasa): The UK’s Special Representative for Climate need for greater Parliamentary cooperation Ambassador to DRC Emílio Guerra expressed Change John Ashton met Foreign Affairs between the two countries, reflecting what he his worry about the delays in the volunteer re- Minister George Chicoti. Both agreed to sign qualified as the excellent relationship between patriation program for Angolan nationals still a Memorandum on the fight against climate the two governments. residing in DRC. change in February 2012.

6 October (Luanda): 17 October (Geneva): 25 October (Luanda): Portuguese ambassador to Angola Francisco Brazil donated US$580.000 to the United Na- The National Assembly approved, with the Ribeiro Telles stated that, despite Lisbon’s tions High Commissioner for Refugees to MPLA voting in favor and UNITA and FNLA current financial constraints, Portugal will support the resettlement and repatriation of against, the three draft Laws on the Elector- continue to give priority to its cooperation with Angolan refugees from neighboring countries. al Registration, the Organic Law on General Angola. Elections and the Electoral Observation Law, 17 October (Luanda): a key step to set the legislative framework that 7 October (Luanda): President José Eduardo dos Santos received will rule the 2012 General Elections. After months of internal quarrels in UNITA, the credentials from the new ambassadors Isaías Samakuva announced that UNITA would from Belgium, Egypt, and Guinea-. 26 October (Luanda-Lisbon): hold a leadership contest in December. What- The new Visa Treaty between Portugal and ever the outcome of these elections, UNITA 18 October (Luanda): Angola entered into force, enabling greater will hardly become a threat to ruling party The President delivered the State of the Na- movement of professionals between the two MPLA in the 2012 general elections. tion speech in the National Assembly. José countries. It remains to be seen how this Eduardo dos Santos completely denied that agreement will be applied by both countries’ 7 October (Luanda): Angola is a dictatorship and praised his gov- bureaucracies, in particular ahead of the 2012 Angolan Armed Forces’ Chief of Staff Gen. ernment’s efforts in fighting poverty and cor- elections in Angola. Geraldo Sachipengo Nunda, reaffirmed, ahead ruption, urged the younger generation to use of the Armed Forces’ 20th anniversary, that the democratic institutions to channel their dis- institution will continue to be “an effective for- content and confirmed elections in 2012. tress in our state”. 19 October (Luanda): 10 October (Lisbon): UNITA leader Isaías Samakuva denied the The business group Newshold reinforced its involvement of his party in the recent anti- position to 6.2% of the Portuguese media con- government protests. UNITA has been keen to Brazil glomerate Cofina. deny any responsibility in the protest, despite MPLA’s rush to blame the opposition. 2-4 October (Brussels): 10 October (Luanda): President Dilma Rousseff travelled to Bel- William Tonet, an Angolan journalist and edi- 19 October (Lusaka): gium to attend the 5th Brazil-European Union tor of the newspaper Folha 8 was sentenced Zambian President Michael Sata apologized Summit alongside President of the European to pay US$106.000 or face a year in prison for to Angola for the Frederick Chiluba-led gov- Council Herman Van Rompuy and President of having published allegations of corruption by ernment’s support to the late Jonas Sav- the José Manuel Durão Angola’s military elite. His lawyer denounced imbi, UNITA’s historic leader. This was said Barroso, with the Joint Action Plan 2012-2014, the decision as totally disproportionate. during the presentation of credential for An- an open skies agreement and greater scien- IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 8

tific and education cooperation high on the 18-19 October (Pretoria): bia Bilateral Meeting in which agreements agenda. Rousseff also took the opportunity to President Dilma Rousseff, alongside Indian were signed on scientific and technological meet with King of Belgium Albert II and Prime Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and South cooperation, human rights promotion, food Minister Yves Leterme, and inaugurated cul- African President Jacob Zuma, attended the Vth security and sustainable development. tural exposition Europalia. IBSA Summit. The global financial crisis, inter- national security issues, UN reform, sustain- 26 October (Brasília): 4-10 October (Brasília): able development, preparations for the Rio+20 The Senate has approved the creation of a Tanzanian Prime Minister Mizendo Peter Pin- Conference and the assessment of sectoral co- truth commission to investigate human rights da met with Vice-President Michel Termer and operation, were high on the agenda. abuses by the military regime that ruled the Foreign Minister Antônio Patriota. Coopera- country from 1964 to 1985. tion in agriculture, energy, health and the fight 18-19 October (Maputo): against child labor were high on the agenda. President Dilma Rousseff met with Mozambi- 27 October (Brasília): can President , seeking to Albanian Vice Prime Minister and Foreign 5-6 October (Sofia): enhance cooperation and economic ties be- Minister Edmond Haxhinasto met with Brazil- President Dilma Rousseff met with Bulgarian tween the two countries. ian Foreign Minister Antônio Patriota in order President Georgi Parvanov and Prime Min- to review bilateral relations and sign a Memo- ister Boyko Borissov in a visit highlighted by 19-20 October (Luanda): randum on Political Consultations. Haxhinas- Rousseff’s own family roots in Bulgaria. Coop- President Dilma Rousseff visited Angola to also took the opportunity to meet with Vice- eration in education, information technology, where se met with her counterpart José Edu- President Michel Termer and other Brazilian energy and transports was identified as a pos- ardo dos Santos, with the aim of improving the high officials. sible bilateral tie in the near future. country’s Strategic Partnership. Rousseff also took this opportunity to address the Angolan 27 October (Brasília): 6-8 October (Ankara): National Assembly. Portuguese Prime Minister Pedro Passos President Dilma Rousseff met with Turkish Coelho met with President Dilma Rousseff, President Abdullah Gul and Prime Minister 17 October (Lisbon): seeking to foment greater economic ties be- Recep Tayip Erdogran to boost bilateral ties Defense Minister Celso Amorim met with his tween the two countries, present his country’s between the two countries. Portuguese counterpart José Pedro Aguiar- ongoing privatization program and strengthen Branco to review bilateral ties. The construc- bilateral relations. 10 October (Brasília): tion of Embraer’s KC-390 military transport During a seminar marking the 10th anniversa- aircraft, as well as naval building coopera- 28-29 October (Asunción): ry of Brazil’s acceptance of the WTO’s General tion, were high on the agenda. Amorim also Vice-President Michel Termer represented Coordination of Disputes (GCD), Foreign Min- took the opportunity to meet with President Brazil at the XXI Ibero-American Summit, this ister Antônio Patriota announced a series of Aníbal Cavaco Silva and Prime Minister Pedro year focused on “State Transformation and diplomatic measures to protect the country’s Passos Coelho. Development”. domestic market and promote its products abroad, which are facing increasing competi- 23 October (Brasília): 29 October (Asunción): tion due to the global economic crisis. President Dilma Rousseff congratulated her Vice-President Michel Termer headed the Bra- Argentinean counterpart Cristina Fernández de zilian delegation to the V UNASUL Summit, 14 October (Brasília): Kirchner for her reelection, stating that it was during which Paraguay was assigned with the Foreign Minister Antônio Patriota met with “important for the whole of Latin America”. Pro Tempore presidency of the organization. Haitian First Lady Sophia Martelly, to review Brazilian cooperation with Haiti, especially in 23-25 October (Brasília): 31 October (Brasília): local food safety. Ukrainian President Victor Yanukovych paid an Peruvian Foreign Minister Rafael Roncagliolo official visit to Brazil, where he met with his met with his Brazilian counterpart Antônio 17 October (Pretoria): counterpart Dilma Rousseff. Contacts with lo- Patriota to review bilateral relations. Social Foreign Minister Antônio Patriota took part cal businessmen and cooperation on biofuel, programs, the fight against organized crime, in the IBSA Foreign Ministers meeting, sports, defense, health, food supply and promo- UNASUL and technical cooperation were high aimed at preparing the upcoming Heads of tion of investments were high on the agenda. on the agenda. State Summit. 24 October (New York): 31 October (La Paz): 18-19 October (Paris, Cherbourg): Brazil was elected for a three-year term at the Defense Minister Celso Amorim met with his Defense Minister Celso Amorim met with United Nations Economic and Social Council Bolivian counterpart Ruben Saavedra, with bi- French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Foreign (ECOSOC), which is in charge of several eco- lateral efforts to fight drug trafficking high on Minister Alain Juppé and Defense Minister nomic, social and human rights matters as the agenda. Gerard Longuet, with estimated US$4 to US$7 well as of the implementation of the Millen- billion contract to renew Brazil’s dilapidat- nium Development Goals. ed fleet of air force jets high on the agenda. Amorim also took the opportunity to assess 26 October (Brasília): the progress of the submarine program con- Colombian Foreign Minister María Ángela tracted to French company DCNS at the Cher- Holguín met with her Brazilian counterpart bourg docks. Antônio Patriota, during the II Brazil-Colom- IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 9

public of China in which the latter assumes peace needs to be consolidated through con- Cape Verde the cost of reconstructing the Presidency Pal- crete actions, such as the fight against poverty ace, at a total worth of US$7 million. and the construction of infrastructure. 6 October (Praia): During an international seminar in Cape 24 October (Bissau): 4 October (Maputo): Verde, Foreign Minister Jorge Borges warned Luxembourg’s Foreign Minister and Vice Prime Leader of opposition party Renamo Afonso that, due to external factors, the country is in Minister Jean Asselborn met with his Guinean Dhlakama considered the Frelimo govern- danger of not following a sustainable path to counterpart, Mamadu Saliu Djalo Pires, with ment to be “dictatorial” because the majority remain as middle-income country. Presidency Minister Adiato Djalo Nandigna and of the population cannot benefit from social with President Malam Bacai Sanhá. Guinea and economic development. 10 October (London): Bissau’s standing in the international agenda, The Mo Ibrahim prize committee announced bilateral cooperation and support for Luxem- 4-5 October (Maputo): that former Cape Verdean President Pedro bourg’s candidacy for the UN Security Council While visiting projects funded by his coun- Pires would receive a US$5 million award for for 2013-2014, were high on the agenda. try’s cooperation, Dutch State Secretary for good leadership and governance in Africa, in Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation recognition of his country’s visible progress 25 October (New York): Henk Bleker stated that the Netherlands will during his terms. In a recent report sent to the Security Coun- continue to disburse around €15 million per cil, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon urged year to support the Mozambican budget. 10 October (New York): the prolonging of the mission of the United Cape Verde deposited its instrument of ratifi- Nations Integrated Peace-Building Office in 6 October (Maputo): cation of the Rome Statute of the International Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) in the country until US oil company Anadarko announced the dis- Criminal Court (ICC) to the United Nations, the end of 2012, in order to carry on local sta- covery of natural gas reserves of around 10 tril- which will now enter into force for the country bilization efforts. lion cubic feet in the Rovuma Basin, northern on January 1st 2012. Cape Verde thus becomes Mozambique, in a block also participated by Mo- the first African Lusophone country to make 27 October (Bissau): zambique’s national oil company, ENH, Japan’s such a move. Yury Fedotov, Executive Director of the United Mitsui, ’s Videocon and Barat Petroleum, Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, visited Guin- and UK’s Cove Energy. According to the Notícias 27 October (Brussels): ea-Bissau to assess the country’s efforts against newspaper, five of the six wells drilled at sea The EU congratulated Cape Verde for ratifying drug trafficking. Fedetov took the opportunity to have resulted in the discovery of natural gas. the Rome Statute, indicating that is a further meet with President Malam Bacai Sanhá and confirmation of the country’s commitment to Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior. 17 October (Mbuzini): the rule of law. Ahead of the 25th anniversary of Samora Ma- chel’s death, South African President Jacob 28 October (Praia): Zuma signaled Machel’s contribution to the Chinese ambassador Li Chun Hua signed an fight against colonialism in Africa, as well as agreement with Cape Verdean Secretary of his support in the fight against apartheid. State for Foreign Affairs José Luis Rocha for a new loan of US$4.7 million, to be used in 17 October (Maputo): several economic and social infrastructures Mozambique Ruling party Frelimo has handed in its propos- throughout the different islands. al for the revision of the country’s Constitution, 1 October (Maputo): a process that should be concluded by 2013. At the opening ceremony of the VIth Mozam- Frelimo did not alter the President’s two- bique-Malawi Joint Commission on Defense mandate limit, and did not propose changes to and Security, Mozambican Defense Minister the electoral system. Filipe Nyusi stated that both countries must continue to monitor and seek solutions for 18-19 October (Maputo): issues that could endanger the current cli- Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, accompa- Guinea-Bissau mate of security and stability between them nied by Foreign Affairs Minister Antônio Patri- – a clear reference to the recurrent tensions ota, paid her first official visit to Mozambique. 12 October (Bissau): on transports and access to the Indian Ocean Rousseff and Guebuza focused on deepening According to a new report released by the ports. His Malawian counterpart Aaron Sang- business ties and also reviewed Brazil’s sup- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ala recalled the obligation to respect the prin- port to Mozambique, which amounts to US$70 (UNODC), Guinea-Bissau’s security and jus- ciples and objectives guiding SADC. million a year. tice sectors are painfully in need of resources to fight crime, drug and human trafficking in 4 October (Maputo): 19 October (Maputo): the country. At the occasion of the 19th anniversary of the Mozambique mourned during the 25th anniver- General Peace Agreement signed in Rome on sary of the death of the country’s freedom fighter 23 October (Bissau): October 4th 1992 between ever-ruling Frelimo and first president , still regarded According to Infrastructure Minister José and historic opposition and then Apartheid- as the nation’s founding father, alongside historic Antonio Cruz de Almeida, Guinea Bissau has backed Renamo, former President Joaquim Frelimo leader Eduardo Mondlane. Several for- signed an agreement with the People’s Re- Chissano issued a declaration stating that eign dignitaries were present at the official cer- IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 10

emonies, including Zimbabwe’s Robert Mugabe, Foreign Minister Paulo Portas, seeking to dis- upcoming vote on the UN Security Council, ’s Jacob Zuma, Botswana’s Seretse cuss Serbia’s EU aspirations and the strength- over the international recognition of the Pal- Khama and Brazil’s Dilma Rousseff. ening of political and economic relations. estinian state. Portas reaffirmed that Portu- gal favors negotiations as a way to end this 20 October (Lisbon): 9 October (Lisbon): conflict and rejects any direct confrontation Portuguese Oil company Galp announced a gi- Portuguese private bank Banco Comercial at the UN. ant offshore natural gas discovery at the Ro- Português announced that it had requested a vuma Basin, Area 4, where it holds a 10% stake license to open a subsidiary in China, to ex- 21 October (São Paulo): in a consortium led by Italy’s ENI (70%), South plore market niches in Beijing, Shanghai and Brazilian Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras Korea’s KOAS (10%) and the Mozambican ENH Guangzhou. (Electrobras) confirmed it had bid for a (10%). This discovery reinforced Mozambique’s 21.35% stake in Energias de Portugal (EDP), status as a world-player in natural resources, 10 October (Luxembourg): which is being privatized by the Portuguese coupling mostly coal and natural gas. Foreign Minister Paulo Portas attended the government. EU Foreign Ministers Meeting, with the Middle 23 October (Maputo): East, Ukraine and new accession candidacies 22-23 October (Brussels): Mozambique’s Investment Promotion Cen- to the EU high on the agenda. Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho attended ter announced that China would finance the a meeting of the European Council and of the construction of the Maputo-Catembe bridge, 12 October (London): Euro zone leaders, seeking to provide a defini- a crucial link between the capital and the Foreign Minister Paulo Portas met with his tive answer for the ongoing sovereign cri- country’s southern region and, from there, British counterpart William Hague to discuss sis and its effects on Greece. to South Africa. The bridge was initially to be the ongoing Euro zone crisis as well as devel- funded by Portugal, but due to Lisbon’s finan- opments in Northern Africa and in the Middle 24 October (São Paulo): cial constrains Mozambique was forced to find East. Portas also took the opportunity to meet Brazilian Companhia Energética de Minas another supporter. with the Speaker of the House of Commons, Gerais (CEMIG) confirmed it had presented an John Bercow. offer for the acquisition of the 21.35% stock- 26 October (Washington): holding interest in Portuguese electric com- According to the World Bank, Mozambique’s 12-13 October (Florence, Genoa): pany Energias de Portugal (EDP). economy will grow 7.25% this year and 7.5% President Aníbal Cavaco Silva visited the Euro- in 2012, a growth spurred mainly by coal ex- pean University Institute (EUI), where he gave 26 October (Brussels): ports and a natural gas discoveries and re- a lecture on European affairs, criticizing the Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho attend- lated investment. handling of the current crisis by Chancellor ed an extraordinary meeting of the European Angela Merkel and President Nicolas Sarkozy. Council and of Euro zone leaders, aimed at 25-26 October (Maputo): approving a general package of reforms and Several hundred of allegedly demobilized sol- 14-15 October (Rabat): measures to stop the spreading of the effects diers protested near the Prime Minister’s of- Foreign Minister Paulo Portas began his tour of the crisis to the remaining EU countries. fice, demanding a of around US$440 through Northern African countries, by meet- a month. ing with his Moroccan counterpart Taib Fassi 27 October (Brasília): Fihri, with Prime Minister Abbas el Fassi and Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho met with 26 October (Mumbai): with the Speaker of the Chamber of Represen- Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. Portugal’s Another Indian investment is set to entrench tatives Abdelwahed Radi, among other senior privatization process, the intensification of bi- Mozambique as key player in natural resourc- officials, with the aim of improving bilateral lateral economic ties and the scheduling of a es for the next decades. This time, the country ties between both countries. 2012 Summit were high on the agenda. will benefit from its geographic position and serve as a conduit to iron ore extracted in 16-17 October (Tunis): 27 October (São Paulo): neighboring Zimbabwe, thanks to Indian Es- Foreign Minister Paulo Portas met with Prime President Aníbal Cavaco Silva was honored sar Ports Limited’s intention to build a port in Minister Beji Caib Essebsi and his counterpart by the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce in Mozambique. Mohamed Moudi Kéfi, seeking to show Portu- Brazil, for his work towards improving bilat- gal’s support for the ongoing transition to de- eral relations. Cavaco Silva also took the op- mocracy in the country. portunity to meet with São Paulo Governor Geraldo Alckmin. 17-18 October (Algiers): Foreign Minister Paulo Portas met with his Al- 28-29 October (Asunción): gerian counterpart Mourad Medelci and Pres- President Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister ident Abdelaziz Bouteflika, in a bid to improve Pedro Passos Coelho and Foreign Minister bilateral relations. Paulo Portas attended the XXI Ibero-American Portugal Summit. During the event, both Portas and 20 October (Lisbon): 3-4 October (Lisbon): Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki Serbian Prime Minister Mirko Cvetkovic met met with his Portuguese counterpart Paulo with his Portuguese counterpart Pedro Pas- Portas and with Prime Minister Pedro Pas- sos Coelho, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva and sos Coelho in a bid to gather support for the IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin | 11

Cavaco took the opportunity to meet bilater- 29-30 October (Perth): rate meetings with President Tony Tan and ally with Peruvian and Chilean Presidents, São Tomé and Príncipe’s Foreign Minister Prime Minister . Ollanta Humala and Sebastián Piñera. Later Manuel Salvador dos Ramos attended the XXI on, the three Portuguese leaders also held a Commonwealth Summit, where he formal- 16 October (Juba): bilateral meeting with Mexican President Fe- ized his country’s request for observing status Prime Minister José Alexandre ‘Xanana’ lipe Calderón. within such organization. Salvador dos Ramos Gusmão visited South Sudan where he met also held contacts with Australian officials in with President Salva Kiir Mayardit, seeking to 30 October-1 November (Caracas): order to include São Tomé and Príncipe among open new cooperation opportunities under the Foreign Minister Paulo Portas, accompanied by Australia’s destinations for development aid. g7+ framework, which gathers some of the a vast business entourage, travelled to Venezu- world’s most fragile states. ela, seeking to reenergize bilateral relations 29-31 October (Washington): and reignite several economic agreements. Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada travelled to the 19 October (Canberra): Portas took the opportunity to meet with Presi- US in order to meet with representatives from During a Senate hearing, Chief of the Austra- dent Hugo Chávez, Parliament Speaker Fer- the World Bank, IMF, Millennium Challenge Cor- lian Defense Force (ADF) Lieutenant-General nando Soto Rojas, Foreign Minister Nicolas poration, seeking to mobilize financial resources David Hurley, stated that Australia will work Maduro and Justice Minister Tarek El Aissami. for the execution of social projects on the ground. with the Timorese government to consider On the other hand, Trovoada also held talks with its commitment to the country after the 2012 US State Department officials regarding the cur- elections. Hurley also declared that Timor rent situation in the Gulf of Guinea. Leste had reached a critical juncture as it ap- proaches next year’s presidential and parlia- mentary elections.

24-25 October (Díli): Australian Defense Material Minister Jason São Tomé Clare visited Australian troops stationed in Timor Leste. He also took the opportunity to and Príncipe Timor Leste meet with representatives from the Timorese government and the United Nations (UN), in- 15 October (São Tomé): 10 October (Díli): cluding Timor Leste’s Secretary of State for The government and Nigerian company Oran- Former Army Chief Taur Matan Ruak an- Defense, the UN Special Representative of to Petroleum signed an agreement for Block nounced that he will run for president in the the Secretary General, the Chief of the Timor 3’s share of oil production in the country’s 2012 presidential elections. Leste Defense Force and the Director-General Economic Exclusive Zone. of Timor Leste’s Secretariat of Defense. 13 October (Díli): 26 October (São Tomé): Former Interior Minister Rogério Lobato an- 26 October (Perth): The government announced that it has for- nounced his presidential candidacy for 2012. On the sidelines of the Commonwealth Busi- mally attributed the management concession ness Forum, Woodside chairman Peter Cole- of São Tomé’s airport and the Ana Chaves 11-13 October (Singapore): man indicated to journalists that he had not seaport to Angolan Sonangol for 30 years, at President José Ramos-Horta and Foreign ruled out an onshore processing plant for the a price of US$9 million. Minister Zacarias Albano da Costa held sepa- stalled Sunrise LNG project in the Timor Sea.

Editor | Paulo Gorjão assistant editorS | Kai Thaler • Laura Tereno • Pedro Seabra DESIGN | Atelier Teresa Cardoso Bastos PRINTING | Europress

Portuguese Institute of International Relations and Security (IPRIS) Rua Vitorino Nemésio, 5 - 1750-306 Lisboa PORTUGAL http://www.ipris.org email: [email protected]

IPRIS Lusophone Countries Bulletin is a publication of IPRIS. The opinions expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IPRIS.