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Genuine Friendship W. A. Carter, Governor-Presidenl ,/Li£--K -isu-bsL. X. D. Christensen, Press Officer
ii Connor, Publications Editoi W. P. Leber, Lieutenant Governor Editorial Assistants. Will Arev Official Panama Canal Company Publication Eunice Richard and Tobi Bittei. Panama Canal Information Officer Published Monthly at Balboa Heights, C. Z. William Burns, Official Photographer Printed al the Printing Plant, Mount Hope,Canal Zone
Tivoli Guest House lor 10 days after publication date at 5 cents eai h. I in sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers, Retail Stores, and the Subscriptions, SI a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each. Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights. C. Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights, C. Z.
In This Issue
EVENTS which lead to the establishment of a new and independent country among the family of nations tmno always have a certain drama and poignancy, particu- larly for the natives of the new country. An account of the events of November 3, 1903, which led to the independence of Panama, starts on page 3, to provide JJacional readers with some of die history associated with this month's 58th anniversary of Panama's independence. The account was written in a somewhat longer version a number of years ago by A. V. McGeachy, tie a citizen and lifelong resident of Panama, who for many years was editor of the Star 6- Herald and now is Editor Emeritus of that newspaper. Mr. McGeachy, who was 13 years of age on November 3, 1903, gave permission for The Review to condense the article Manama and publish it in this issue for the benefit of readers not familiar with the story.
ELECTION of delegates to the nine Civic Councils Alcanzamos por fin la victoria of Canal Zone communities is to be held Tuesday, November 7, and a number of candidates are running En el campo feliz cle la union for each vacancy. A listing of the candidates for Con ardientes fulgores de gloria seven of the nine Councils is on page 15. Se ilumina la nueva nation. IF YOU HAVE questions concerning medical care and how and where to obtain it in die Canal Zone, con velo Es preciso cubrir un the article on page 17 is designed to provide answers Del pasado el calvario y la cruz for those most frequently posed to hospital officials. There also is a map of Gorgas Hospital illustrating que adorne el azul de tu cielo Y the article. De concordia la esplendida luz.
El progreso acaricia tus lares November 3, 1903-Day of Destiny. . 3 Al compels de sublime caution Reception Readied—for Mules 7 Ves rugir a tus pies ambos mares Drilling to Bedrock 8 Spanning Time and Space 9 Que dan rumbo a tu noble mision. Visitors 11
Growing Canal for Future Demand _ _ 12 En tu suelo cubierto de flores. Recognition for Invaluable Service. - 14 Zonians' Colorful Christmas Displays 14 los besos del tibio terral A Election Coming Up 15 Terminaron guerreros fragores Worth Knowing 16 Guide to Medical Care 17 Solo reina el amor fraternal. Anniversaries 18 Promotions and Transfers 19 Adelante la pica y la pala Safet) 20 History. . 21 Al trabajo sin mas dilation Canal Retirements _ . 21 Y seremos asi prez y gala Quarterly Shipping Statistics-- 22 De este mundo feraz de Colon. Shipping 24
2 NOVEMBER 3, 1961 N.OVEMBER 3, 1903, Panama's Day of Destiny, dawned pregnant with possibilities for the Isthmus and its people. The first rays of the rising sun revealed two vessels riding at anchor in Colon Bay. They carried 500 Colombian troops. These troops obviously were Colombia's answer to reports of discontent and unrest on the Isthmus. News of their arrival at Colon caused deep conster- nation among Panamanian leaders in Panama City, the provincial capital. The arrival of the troops on November 3 brought home to the Panamanian patriots the necessity for prompt and decisive action. The leaders invoked November 3, 1903 were: Jose Agustin Arango, Manuel Amador Gue- rrero, Carlos Constantino Arosemena, Nicanor A. de Obarrio, Ricardo Arias, Federico Boyd, Tomas Arias, and Manuel Espinosa B. They formed the Revolu- tionary Junta. Associated with them in an auxiliary junta were: Carlos A. Mendoza, Juan A. Henriquez, Eusebio A. Morales, Gerardo Ortega, Carlos Clement, Eduardo Icaza, Ramon Valdez L., Domingo Diaz, DAY Pedro A. Diaz, Pastor Jimenez, Carlos Zachrisson, Porfirio Melendez, and Orondastes Martinez. In addi- tion diere were hundreds of other Panamanians iden- tified with the movement to a greater or lesser extent. The heroic attitude of one woman, Maria Ossa de Amador, wife of Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, is perhaps one of die most important events of that memorable morning of November 3, 1903. Dr. Amador, supreme leader of the separatist move- ment, was among the first to be informed of the DESTINY arrival of troops in Colon. He immediately started out to inform his fellow conspirators of the event and its possible effect on the separatist plan and was invariably greeted with the remark, "Then, everything is lost." Dr. Amador ( !ondensed from an article returned home in profound depression and dis- consolately By \. \ VIcGeachj threw himself into his hammock, telling Mrs. Amador, "I think Editor Emeritus, Stai & Herald everything is lost. My com- panions are faltering and I fear they will abandon us." Mrs. Amador stiffened her husband's morale by objecting to the idea of abandoning the movement, saying, "If you are left alone, then you will have to fight alone. It no longer is possible to draw back. Come, get up and begin to fight." She suggested that Panama Railroad officials might be induced to prevent the newly arrived troops from crossing the movement and had found them Isthmus immediately. Dr. Amador saw discouraged. great possibilities in the "We must carry out the coup without delay suggestion and hurried out or we immediately to try will lose all," Dr. Amador said. to transform it into a reality. The trio proceeded to Prescott's On reaching the street, he encountered office to call H. G Col. R. Prescott, J. Shaler, Superintendent of the Railroad, who Assistant Superintendent of the Panama Railroad, accompanied lived in Colon. Colonel Shaler immediately consented by Nicanor A. de Obarrio to do anything and everything in his power Prefect of Panama, who said he had to prevent just been the troops from informed about the crossing the Isthmus by train. This arrival of the Colombian troops point settled. Dr. Dr. Amador said he already Amador convoked a plenary meeting had told leaders of the of the Junta at 9 o'clock that morning.
The Panama Canal Review 3 "Allow me to express my gratitude
to the high authorities, both civilian and
military, of the United States of Amer-
ica, for the decisive and wise manner
in which they have acted during all this
time, with the lofty and sincere purpose
of placing the relations of our countries
in the highest form of harmony.
President Chiari addressing Panama National Assembly, October 1, 1961.
Main voiced the opinion that the Gen. Juan B. Tovar, who had been Full honors were rendered by the Bata- movement should be abandoned, but named to relieve him as commander-in- llon Colombia. From the station, the of the determination of Dr. Amador and chief of all Isthmian troops, Gen. Ramon generals were driven to the Palace in Federieo Boyd eventually overcame all G. Amaya, Angel M. Tovar, and Luis Government. The Batallon Colombia, opposition. Their opinion was staunchly A. Tovar, the last two being nephews final salute to the newcomers, marched supported by Carlos Constantino of the commander-in-chief. past the palace and returned to its Arosemena, who declared: Colonel Shaler convinced the Colom- barracks in Las Bovedas. "If having, as we have, the support of bian generals to cross to Panama City Meanwhile, feverish activity was being the Batallon Colombia, which the entire alone, assuring them that their troops displayed by the lieutenants of Gen. Isthmian people stand ready to follow, would follow in the afternoon as soon Domingo Diaz. News of the revolu- gained city- we still hesitate, then we do not deserve as he could assemble the necessary cars tionary movement had unanimous to be free but should be hanged." to transport them. wide circulation and almost Following this conference. Dr. Ama- General Huertas and his Batallon response. The Colombian generals noted dor communicated with Gen. Domingo Colombia marched to the Panama City the undercurrent of unrest and tense Diaz, a leader for whom the populace railroad station to receive the generals. activity. General Tovar requested that of Panama would have gone to any The appearance on the streets of these immediate steps be taken to have the extremes of sacrifice. General Diaz veteran troops caused some misgiving Tiradores troops transferred to Panama established headquarters in a barber- among those who saw them swing down without further loss of time. Governor shop in Santa Ana Plaza and summoned Central Avenue. Though members of Obaldia promised to act immediately. the men who had served as his officers this unit had resided on the Isthmus for General Tovar communicated his during a revolution the previous year. many years and might be expected to uneasiness to General Huertas and in- of To them lie entrusted the work of side with the people whose joys and structed him as to the best method barracks rail) ing the people. sorrows they had shared over such a defense in the vicinity of the populace stage the rumored i should the I Isteban Huertas, commander of long period, there was no certainty that Dr. the Batallon Colombia, garrisoned in they would do so. After all, they were uprising. At this juncture, Julio J. Obaldia, Panama ( ity, was well aware of the Colombians. Would they line up with Fabrega, secretary to Governor that Colonel I'ist plotting and indirectly had the Panamanians against Colombia? arrived to inform them placing obstacle after obsta- .1 ih, it his sympathies were That was the unknown quantity. Shaler was with the Panamanian people. At 11 a.m., the Colombian generals cle in the way of the transportation of his latest excuse was ( i the troops; that .' : i las was informed ol the arrived and were received bv the depart- arrival ol the hoops at Colon and was ment governor, Don Jose Domingo de that he could not undertake to move lold that among the officers were Obaldia, and other notables of the city. them because the Colombian Govern-
November 3, 1961 The friendship between the people
of the Republic of Panama and the
people of the United States is well
known and of many years' standing."
Governor Carter speaking at Shaler Triangle. September 21, 1960.
ment was already heavily indebted to lute obedience. General Huertas felt hall with eight soldiers, fully armed the railroad company. General Tovar confident of success for his project. with rifles and fixed bavonets. sent word to Colonel Shaler through About 5 p.m.. General Huertas in- General Huertas told Captain Sala- Governor Obaldia that he would cover structed Antonio Alberto Valdez to zar: "Arrest all those who are sitting on in cash account any pending between gather a group of determined men and the bench outside." the government and the Panama Rail- arrest the Colombian generals at their "Who?" asked the captain in astonish- road but, by all means, the troops headquarters. Valdez had started on his ment. "The generals?" should be dispatched immediatelv to mission when he saw the potential "Yes," replied Huertas. "Let it be Panama City. prisoners on their way to the barracks. them rather than us. You will arrest The hour was drawing near for deci- The plan frustrated, Valdez hurried to them and take them to the police station, sive action by General Huertas. Free inform Gen. Domingo Diaz of the where you will turn them over to the of General Tovar, he sauntered along situation. custody of Commandante Arango." Las Bovedas promenade, immersed in General Tovar, increasingly con- Captain Salazar unsheathed his sword his thoughts, when he encountered cerned by the unusual activity and and went out with his men, whom he Capt. Marcos Salazar. "What's new?" evidences of unrest, asked General lined up behind the benches. Stepping General Huertas asked. Huertas if he knew anything about it. to the front, he stood before the group "General, it is said the Yankees are Huertas admitted he had heard some of officers and said: landing in Colon and are preparing to things, but was prepared for any "Gentlemen, you are under arrest." come and attack us," Captain Salazar eventualities. General Tovar leaped to his feet. replied. Though fully realizing the grave "Under arrest," he roared, challenging Throwing his arm over Salazar's danger he was in, General Huertas the insolence of this captain. "Don't shoulder, General Huertas remarked, remained calm and, with all the courtesy von know the eommander-in-ehiet ol "That's nothing. There is another thing and unconcern possible, asked General the army?" more serious which I have not vet com- Tovar to excuse him while he mounted "I never have been made to recognize municated to any of my comrades, a few pieces of ordnance on the parade him," retorted Captain Salazar. because I wish to carry out a plan and ground. Then Huertas turned away from General Tovar then sprang for Sala- do not wish— if things go wrong— that the group. At that instant, he caught zar, but the latter presented the threat- they be blamed." sight of Captain Salazar, whom he called. ening point of his sword. At the same "I will second you," Salazar told the Entering the barracks with the cap- time, he gave the order that brought General, though the latter had not indi- tain, General Huertas ordered him to the points of the bavonets on his men's cated the nature of his plan. Because arm himself. Salazar left to do so and on rifles against the backs of the others on of this spirit of implicit faith and abso- his return found Huertas in the assembly the bench.
The Panama Canal Review 'We have . . . attained an
atmosphere of great cordiality
in our relations with the com-
munities of the Canal Zone."
President Chiari making his annual "State of the Union" address, October 1, 1961.
Furious, General Tovar called: "Huer- mass of patriots, already glorying in the At about 8 p.m., the Bogota fired the tas! Huertas! Where is Huertas?" To this triumph of their cause. General Huertas first hostile shot in the separatist move- the captain replied: "There is no Huer- had ordered Captains Clodomiro and ment. Seeing Capt. Raul A. Chevalier tas now. Here will be done only that Luis Gil to allow the people into the nearby, General Huertas ordered him which I order. You are my prisoners." barracks, but quickly changed his mind to man the battery on Las Bovedas and General Amava interrupted, saying, and directed that they move to the Las return the Bogota's fire. "General, we are indeed prisoners; there Monjas barracks, situated where the Captain Chevalier's first shot almost is no remedy." The generals then were National Theater stands today. The grazed the Bogota's bow—the ship was escorted to the police station. general accompanied them and placed backing out of the anchorage—but his The populace, summoned to Santa Don Carlos Clement in charge of the second fell short, the vessel having Ana Plaza, awaited word to move for- arms distribution. succeeded in getting out of range of the ward and procure arms at the barracks The arming of the populace was fol- light 3-inch gun. of the Batallon Colombia. Arehibaldo lowed by the rounding-up of all Colom- The Bogota fired a total of 9 shots. E. Boyd reached the plaza with the bian leaders in the city. At about One fell in El Javillo district and caused news that the Colombian generals were 7:30 p.m., Governor Obaldia, the last the death of a Chinese citizen. Another prisoners and the Panamanian populace, representative of Colombian rule on the fell on a private residence on First absolutely unarmed, started on the last Isthmus, was placed under arrest and Street, totally destroying the roof. A third leg of their move to sever the last ties confined in the home of Dr. Amador. fell on the building originally occupied that bound them to Colombia. With these details completed, Gen- by the Normal College for Girls on West The crowd swarmed toward the eral Huertas and General Diaz entrusted 12th Street. The 6 other shots fired by barracks' parade ground (today the the duties of officer-of-the-day to the ship caused no damage whatever, Plaza de Franeia) only to find the end Col. Victor Manuel Alvarado. apparentlv falling short. of the narrow streets blocked by a strong Apparently all danger of attack was Ashore, the Municipal Council gath- guard. The guard, ignorant of the true remote, in view of the fact that Colonel ered in extraordinary and solemn session. mi aning of this invasion of the army's Shaler had steadfastly obstructed all It was meeting to approve and accept sacred premises, prepared to resist the efforts by the Colombians to cross the the separatist movement and the abso- advance. It was only through the deter- Isthmus. But there still was some lute independence of the Isthmus from mined efforts of Sgt. Manuel Samaniego, element of danger from the naval units Colombia for all time. This action took in immediate command of the detach- in Panama Bay, especially from the place in the same chamber where, in his. tint a bloody massacre of the Bogota, commanded by Col. Jorge Mar- 11 in: they come to give us Amador, "or I will bombard the city." on November 3, definitely confirmed prot ctipn." In a verbal reply through the mes- the movement that severed the country Within a few minutes, the parade senger who brought the note. Dr. Ama- from Colombia and established the ground was thronged by an enthusiastic dor said, "Tell him to do as he pleases." Republic of Panama. 6 November 3, 1961 Reception Readied . . . for Mules First of six new towing locomotives is put through its paces on test track in Japan. WHILE operating tests equal to 6 book explaining the operation of the the 25-cycle current installations, which months of actual work at the locks of new locomotives and their appurte- must be used until the changeover. the Panama Canal are being given to nances. Each of the new machines is When the time comes, the changeover the first of six new towing locomotives equipped with two hydraulieallv-driven will be completed by making a few final now nearing completion in Japan, plans cable winches, in contrast to the single connections and then pulling the switch for receiving the new "mules" and put- mechanically-operated winch on each on the 25-cycle current and throwing ting them into operation on the east of the present mules. Operators will be the switch on the 60-cycle. If circum- lane of Gatun Locks are far advanced. given an orientation on the new ma- stances should require the new locomo- Two veteran lock operators have chines before they start using them tives to be taken out of service during visited Japan, watched the mules in to assist ships. the 3-month test period planned for operation, familiarized themselves with The two winches, which are con- them, it will be a similarly simple matter the controls and functioning of the sidered the single most outstanding to restore the 25-cycle current for use machines, and recently have returned feature of the new mules in contrast by the old locomotives. to the Canal Zone, ready to serve as with the old ones, each are capable of Each of the new machines will weigh instructors when the new locomotives exerting a pull of 35,000 pounds, thus approximately 55 tons, about 5 tons arrive. Two other locks employees, giving each of the new machines a total more than the present locomotives. To Oliver H. Hendrickson and Douglas S. of 70,000 pounds of pull, in contrast to insure adequate strength in the lock Smith, have gone to the United States the 25,000 pounds of the present mules. walls to support the additional weight to study the hydraulic equipment used Arrival of the six new locomotives at and the extra power of the new ma- in the winches. Gatun Locks also will mark the begin- chines, the bridging over the gate Robert Blair and Felix Karpinski ning of the end for the last of the recesses has been reinforced. spent several weeks in Japan studying 25-cycle electric current installations in Another major change in the lock the performance of the new locomotives the Zone. In the Zone-wide changeover walls which has been necessary to and, in written reports to Locks Division from 25-cycle current to 60-cycle cur- accommodate the new mules has been Chief Roy Stockham, said they believe rent which was started in 1954, the the filling of the declivities formerly the new mules will be completely satis- towing locomotives were not modified occupied by the emergency dams, which factory, although they did comment that to use the 60-cycle current. The new were installed as part of the original it's going to take operators a little while machines will use it. however. lock equipment but have since been to become familiar with the handling In preparation for the changeover, removed. This was necessary in order characteristics of the new machines. new electrical installations to supply the to raise the new mules to a point where To take care of that problem, the power for the new mules now are the cables, which extend from a lower Engineering and Construction Bureau being made on the east lane at Gatun. point on the new machines than thev has made a film on the mules and the The new circuits and other equipment did on the old ones, will not become Locks Division is preparing a hand- are being installed without removal of (See p. 8) The Panama Canal Review (Continued from p. 7) fouled on the lock wall. Two more changes still to be made of center at the locks are installation wall turntables and modification of the repair shelters at the locks. The turn- tables will be necessary because the cables of the new locomotives extend from onlv one side of the machines. This means that each time one of the lane to new mules is moved from one the other on the center wall it will have are to he turned around so that cables of in the correct position. The cables the present mules can be used on either side of the machine, a variation that was not possible with the configuration of the new locomotives. The modifications which will have will to be made to the repair shelters Massive bract' and be necessary because the greater width permit of the new locomotives will not bit drills hole for them to pass the supports of the present hospital support. shelters, which are located directly alongside the tracks on the lock walls. In" addition to the greater power of the new locomotives, they also have a greater variation in speeds at which they can be operated. The 40-year-old models now in use have towing speeds of 1 and 2 miles per hour and a "'run- ning" speed of 5 miles per hour. The new cues will he capable of towing at speeds of 1, 2, or 3 miles an hour and can run at 6 to 9 miles an hour when not helping a ship. All of the improvements incorporated into the new locomotives are expected to make them much more capable of handling the ever-larger ships which are transiting the Canal. A number of ships which use the waterway require 10 old-type locomotives to move them through the locks and help control their movements while in the lock chambers. A few ships require 12 of the present locomotives. Canal officials believe that six of tlie new locomotives will be able Drilling for Bedrock to handle any vessel that can pass through the waterway. If the 3 months of tests which are to THE NEW BUILDING being con- beginning on pouring concrete for the be conducted at Gatun Locks with the structed to house the main offices and grade beams and spread footings, which six locomotives scheduled to arrive in most of the medical service clinics of will he flush with the ground and [anuar) prove that the new mules are Gorgas Hospital will stand on tremen- approximately 6 feet wide. satisfactory, an order will be issued to dous underground stilts reaching down The next step in the hospital founda- the Japanese manufacturers to proceed to bedrock and providing a solid footing tion work, which is scheduled to start with construction of the remaining ma- for the weight of the structure. in mid-November, will be construction chines needed to equip the entire Canal. A giant brace and bit apparatus is of the supporting columns which will As each set of locks is equipped with being used by the Case Foundation Co. rest on the concrete caissons and caps the new locomotives, they also will to drill holes for the stilts—or caissons, and hold the building proper one story i one In lotive crane for use as they are more formally known—which above ground. on ti' wall. These locomotive will support the 8-story building. Case Foundation Co., which also has S, which also will operate on The big drill grinds its way through done work in connection with the 60-cycle current, will replace the pre- earth and rock with equal ease to dig Thatcher Ferrv Bridge substructure, is subcontractor with the sent I i.f 'nines. Thus, by mid- holes which are from 24 to 54 inches working as a cle equipment will belong in diameter and from 35 to 40 feet deep. Uhlhorn Construction Co., prime con- l to history and the future will belong By the end of October, most of the tractor for the §3 /2 million hospital to tli. more powerful, 60-cycle 52 caisson holes needed for the hos- building. The new building is scheduled machines pital were completed and work was for completion early in 1963. 8 November 3, 1961 Public Law 87-125: 'Thatcher Ferry Bridge Spanning Time and Space Maurice H. Thatcher. AT THE ANNUAL meeting of the "Governor of the Canal Zone," although with the ICC, Mr. Thatcher has re- Federation Panamena de Education that formal title was not actually estab- tained an active interest in the Canal Vial on July 31, 1930, a motion was lished until after opening of the water- Zone and the Republic of Panama and unanimously approved that started a way in August 1914; the man whose frequently has participated in actions chain of events which have spanned the name will be carried into the future by concerning them. years since then and recently culmi- the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. While serving in Congress as a Rep- nated in action by the U.S. Congress Mr. Thatcher, who today is the only- resentative from Kentucky from 1923 naming the new bridge across the Canal surviving member of the ICC, which to 1933, Mr. Thatcher introduced the in honor of an early Canal Zone official. guided the Canal organization during legislation which led to construction The motion adopted by the Panama the construction period, still practices of Thatcher Highway and Thatcher Federation for Highway Education law in Washington. He observed his Ferry and also authored the act which directed J. M. Berrocal, president of 91st birthday this past August 15. created the Gorgas Memorial Labora- the organization, to ask Canal Zone Throughout the 48 years that have tory in Panama City. Research in Governor Harry Burgess to name the passed since he concluded his duties tropical diseases at the Laboratory has highway then being built between Balboa and Arraijan in honor of Maurice H. Thatcher. In a letter to Governor Burgess, Pres- ident Berrocal said the Federation he headed "would like that recognition be given in this manner to the Honorable Maurice H. Thatcher for his very suc- cessful efforts on behalf of the Republic of Panama, by having submitted to the U.S. Congress, and secured the passage thereof, the act that has enabled the construction of the section of road men- tioned and the ferries that will be put in service across the Pacific enhance of the Panama Canal." Thus it was that Thatcher Highway and the associated Thatcher Ferry came to be named after the youngest member of the Isthmian Canal Commission; the man who headed the Department of Civil Administration of the Canal Zone from May 13, 1910, to August 8, 1913, thereby acquiring the popular tide of Thatcher Ferry crosses the Canal with full load near piers of bridge which will succeed The Panama Canal Review 9 in 1930, when Mr. Thatcher served as a member of the U.S. Commission which presented Venezuela with the statue of Henry Clay which now stands in the Henry Clay Plaza in Caracas. The new bridge, the soaring super- structure of which will rise 384 feet above the average level of the Canal below it. will be the largest bridge on the Pan American Highway, final sec- tors of which from the United States to Panama City now are under construc- tion. Extension of the highway to South America will make the bridge a major link in the intercontinental highwav connecting the two great continents of the hemisphere. As a personal memento for Mr. Thatcher, President Kennedy gave him the pen with which he signed the bill naming the bridge. This was the 13th pen given the former Zone official bv Presidents of the United States for his contributions relative to various Acts of Congress. The Thatcher Ferry, which will be taken out of service after the bridge is opened to traffic about a year from now, started operation in September Steel superstructure of $20 million bridge is taking shape under skilled hands of workers. 1932. By the time it is discontinued, it is estimated that 20 million cars and benefited not only residents of the Isth- bv the Government of Panama, wluch 100 million passengers will have used mus of Panama, but inhabitants of the awarded him the Order of Vaseo Nunez it to cross the waterway. tropics throughout the world. de Balboa con Placa. Ecuador and But even as the ferry service passes In recent years, Mr. Thatcher encour- Venezuela also have honored him for into history, the fact of its existence and aged action by Congress which provided his services to tropical America. Ecuador the man who plaved a major role in retirement pay for the non-U. S. -citizen presented him with the Order of Al having it established w ill be permanently employees of the Canal organization. Merito and the Order of the Colon memorialized in the name of the grace- Above the desk in his Washington office Alfaro Foundation. Venezuela awarded ful and functional structure which will is a certificate making him an honorary him the Order of Libertador (Bolivar) replace it, the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. president of the Canal Zone Retired Workers' Association, an Isthmian organ- ization of non-U. S. -citizen employees. During his 10 years in Congress, Mr. Thatcher visited the Isthmus on three different occasions and since World War II has made three more visits, each time as a guest of the Canal organiza- tion. In a recent interview with United Press International, Mr. Thatcher said, "I did what I could to promote good relations between the United States and the Republic of Panama. I always tried to see that the Republic had a fair deal and I believe that I have the good will ol the people of Panama." Residents of Arraijan, which was joined to Panama City by means of the Thatcher Highway, honored Mr. Thatcher for his efforts in connection iM) the highwa) and ferry service bv nting liiin with a plot of ground in 1 i token of their gratitude. her later arranged for his land mother tract, which was . iund and named Parque tnfantil Maurice H. Thatcher l>\ olfii ials . illage. Mr. Thatcher also has been honored Thatcher Highway, connecting Panama City with highway system outside Canal Zone. 10 November 3, 1961 j v "> Br ~ CULEBRA EMPIRE BAS OBISPO PARA I SO CUCARACHA -LAS CASCADA5 MILES 0.8 MILES 1.3 MILES 1.5MILES 1.3 3.1 MILES Worfi /o sfarfnextyear and 6e comp/eted in /9GG PEDRO MIGUEL LOCKS GAMBOA \ The ability of the Canal to handle final 3 miles along THE RESTRICTIVE "big ditch" sec- Bas Obispo and Cas- anchor on the biggest Isthmian earth- ships of greater length with more ease cadas Reaches. Present plans tion of the Panama Canal soon will be call lor moving project since the construction and less risk than at present is expected bids to be taken on that section reduced to jusl hall its formei length, early period and keep the Canal abreast of to result from the greater width of the next year and for the work to be c the of Famous Gaillard ( Jul through the requirements present-day world channel, particularly at the turns which pleted sometime in to Continental Divide between l'< 'In, \li L966, drop the shipping. ships must negotiate while transiting guel Lucks and Gamboa still is S miles the Cut. long, of course, bui hall of it soon w ill GROWING CANAL Even the possibility of slides is being be 500 feel wide Instead ol ;!(»). The reduced in the course of the widening k maining 1 miles v> hich is onl) 300 feel Fertilizer for Blasting? work as the slope of the banks is w ide is retreating dail) before the i om for bined clients ol the project contrai ("i i duced to help stabilize them. AMMONIUM nitrate, commonly used as Fertilizer, may be used for blasting and the Canal's Dredging Division. As experience in using the wider material loose for removal during the next Canal Cut-widening along Has is officials \ majoi milestone in the ( !ut-« iden channel acquired, Canal Obispo and Las Cascadas Reaches, it tests now being conducted in the ing projeel is expected !>\ the end ol believe ships w ill be able to travel some- United States prove successful. (In', month, when widening work is what faster than the present limit of FUTURE DEMAND Since ammonium nitrate costs considerably less than dynamite and is some- i<> 1"' on ( 6 knots per hour through the Cut. Any scheduled finished iucaracha what safer to use under certain conditions, (he extent to which this material < < increase in speed carries with it the Reach, near lontractors Hill. !omp!e- could be employed on the remaining Cut-widening might affect the cost of el ilns <>l "ill concomitant benefit of more effective Hon section the project the work and result in considerable benefit to (he Panama ("'anal Company. miiiIc pre; iouslj w idened < lulebra Reai h handling of the ships, many of which A study of tests conducted by the Monsanto Chemical Co. ol SI, Louis, Mo., with the widened section south ol Con widening work continues to shorten the proceed into the widened portion of the begin to lose the ability to control their was made in October by Charles McG. Brandl, projeel engineei for tin tractors Hill to produce a continuous, unwidened portion of the channel, Cut and meet the southbound ship there. own movements at speeds below 6 knots. ( 'ut-w idening project. 1-mile strip "I 500 Fool w ide chnnel, the degree to which these advantages The greater width of the widened Thus, an indirect benefit of any increase Mr. Brand! made a preliminary stud) of the use of ammonium nitrate for Full benefits to world shipping ol the are realized will continue tn increase channel will provide more space in in the speed limit would be additional blasting and later went to Parish, Ala., where Monsanto has been using S46 million widening project will nut Majoi advantages expected from com- which to maneuver vessels safely under safety for the vessels involved and, pos- ammonium nitrate as a blasting material on strip mining operations where 1) realized until work is completed en pletion ol the first half ol (he widening their own power, thus tending to reduce sibly, less need for the help of tugs. materials being blasted and other conditions are similar to the Canal the rntive 8 miles in liseal yeai 1968, work will he in greatei safet) tin trans- the danger of ships striking the banks At the present time, Foster-Williams widening work. but sein ' advantages alread) are result- ttingshipsandoccasionall) Fastei transits. or requiring the assistance of one or Brothers., has completed approximately ing, Seme improvements in thr Canal's The unbroken, 4-mile length of the more tugs. 85 percent of the dry excavation on The humidity of the tropics is one ol the main deterrants to the use of this service to international shipping w ill widened channel will, at least occa- Two major factors which are expected Empire Reach and the Dredging Divi- material in thr- Canal Zone. Recently, however, Monsanto and other ammonium devi lop .is the widening wink con- sionally, be used lei two-wa} traffic bv to result from the widening work are: sion has started the wet excavation nitrate manufacturers have been making tesis and have indicated that they tinu s to shorten the historic know of a successful way of using it under wet or submerged conditions. bottleneck. ships which previously could not meet I ) us:- of the for two-way necessary to complete this section of I Greater Cut \ Few ol (lie and operating mainte- in the (nl Seine northbound ships ti attic, with fewer ships being required the project. The remaining contract will be twice as big as the present Empire Reach nance advantagi s expected to result which in the past would have been to wail until all oncoming vessels have Even before the dipper dredges work, with approximately 14 million cubic yards of material to be removed. from (In widening work and (he ass... Forced to wait at Pedro Miguel Locks cleared the 8-mile strip; and (2) a slight Paraiso and Cascadas complete their It has been estimated that it would take approximately 12'^ million pounds i.iied project of bank lighting now are until a southbound ship reached the increase in average ship speed through part nl the mile-long Empire Reach of dynamite to do the job. to being realized some degree Ks the other lane of the locks will be able to the Cut. project, work is expected to start on the 12 November 3. 1961 The Panama Canal Review 13 Recognition: ELOUISE GARNES of the teaching staff at Rainbow City Elementary School, who for the past 6 years con- ducted a weekly 1-hour class, after regular school hours, For Invaluable Service for the prisoners at the Canal Zone Prison for Women and Juveniles at Gatun, last month received a letter of commendation from Governor Carter, and a check for $200, in recognition of her voluntary service. She was principal of the Chagres School at Gatun when she volunteered to conduct classes at the prison in Gatun. The Chagres School was closed on February 7, 1958 and she was transferred to Rainbow City Elemen- tary School, but she continued her classes, even during her own vacation periods, according to Sgt. George A. Martin, sergeant-in-charge at the Gatun prison. Instruction was given in Spanish on school subjects consistent with the educational level and ability of the inmates, following the Canal Zone Latin American school curriculum. Under her tutelage, inmates who could only make an "X" for their names, and couldn't even tell time when they entered the prison, soon could do both as their educational levels were raised. Governor Carter's letter commended her highly for her invaluable service, and added his personal thanks for a job well done. The work Elouise Gaines carried on as a volunteer, with a 1-hour class once a week, has expanded to a regular school curriculum on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 1 to 3 p.m. The classes now are conducted by a teacher assigned by the Canal Zone Elouise Games reads letter of appreciation from Governor Carter. Division of Schools. . . . For Zonians' Colorful Christmas Displays ELEVEN of the many colorful Christmas decorations which are displayed outdoors in the Canal Zone during the annual holiday season are featured in an illustrated article in this year's issue of McCaU'n Christmas Make-It Ideas magazine. At least two of the decorating ideas shown were displayed last Christmas by Zone residents living on Oleander Place in Balboa, a spot more popularly known as "Santa Claus Lane." Both of the "Santa Claus Lane" displays were made by Henry Gaskin, an employee in the display shop of the retail store branch. A third display pictured with the article is of two large, bow-tied lollipops on the door of the James M. Slover home in Diablo Heights. The other decorations pictured, none of which are identified by ownership, are believed to have been displayed in Curundu. One of the two "Santa Claus Lane" displays was in the lawn of Mrs. Marguerite Orr's home. It shows eight redsuited elves playing a variety of musical instruments. The other "Santa Claus Lane" display, at the home of Wesley Thompson, features Santa and his helpers carrying packages from the lawn to the top of the house, via a decorated ladder. Mr. Gaskin, who each year handles outdoor Christmas di rations for a number of Canal Zone families, has worked for the Canal organization for the past 12 years. A citizen of Panama, Mr. Gaskin attended Zone schools and took a training course as a printer, but never worked at the trade, going into the art field instead. A resident of Rio Abajo, he is married and has four children. Artist Henry Gaskin applies final brush strokes to a self-portrait. 14 November 3, 1961 The men and women selected to serve on the various Civic Councils will assume much of the responsibilitv for leadership in their respective communities, just as similarly elected men Election and women serve in local, State, and national elective positions in the United States. The objectives of the Civic Councils in the Zone are to encourage and foster a spirit of community interest among residents of the various communities and help provide leader- Coming Up ship in the development and planning of programs where public interest and welfare are involved. To attain these objectives, the Civic Councils help formulate and direct plans for certain community programs, including recreational activi- RESIDENTS of Canal Zone communities housing Company/ ties, and make recommendations and suggestions to Company/ Government employees will elect Civic Council representa- Government authorities in matters of public interest and concern. tives November 7, exercising their franchise much as many Candidates for posts in seven of the nine Civic Councils are residents of the United States will be doing on the same day listed below. Candidates for the two other Civic Councils in various State and municipal elections. had not been named by Review press time. COCO SOLO CIVIC PACIFIC CIVIC COUNCIL Precinct 3 RAINBOW CITY CIVIC COUNCIL COUNCIL Balboa Maudlin Holder Paul L. Beck Clarence Sisnett Mrs. Majel Reinheimer Mrs. Ann Dolan Egbert Best Rainbow City District Thomas W. Grimison Joseph Dolan Darnley Foster Mrs. Joan Hutchinson James O'Donnell Rebecca Nurse Kelvin Barnett Gerald Fruth Harold O. Blackman Harry C. Egolf Alfred Bowen Betty Heppenheimer Daniel R. Harned Hoklen L. Cockbum Norman Blades Henry Heppenheimer Sam Roe Alberto Dogue Ray Bunnell Mrs. Brunilda Dogue Mrs. Jane Frost Diablo Heights Precinct 4 Peter A. Ellis lohn Frost James Harding Mrs. H. D. Cheshire Sylvester Callender Felipe Lee Paul Brooks George D. Edginton J. Clifton Lopez George V. Lewis Mrs. M. Evans Mrs. Ferry Frazer Thomas Sawyers Springer C. Grimes Rathburn George Babinecz W. Gardner R. Harris Cecil Gittens Capt. Thomas W. Gove C. R. Vosburgh Rupert Phillips R. E. De Tore Camp Coiner District Wilson YValdron Muriel Johnson D. S. Smith Guillermo Dixon Clement Belle George Richards GAMBOA CIVIC COUNCIL Ancon-Balboa Heights Mrs. Myrtle Crooks Irvin Moore William Davis President Mrs. Mar.orie Brown Cedric Gittens L. Demers Precinct 5 Edward Green Arnold S. Hudgins J. Edwin C. Jones Mrs. Levina R. Greene Russell A. Stevens Harrv E. Pearl Leonard Pennycook Astor Lewis Harry Post Mrs. Rose E. Mignott Council Members W. Hubert Thompson Thomas E. Spencer Philmore Alexis Austin Al S. Zon J. Byrd Livingstone White Rainbow City Heights District Donald J. Connor Olive Hinds David G. Danziger Los Rios Lucille Lawrence Santiago Graham Paul Riggs Forrest Alphonso Alexis Moses N. Raymond Marie W. Gibson Edward Filo Ernest Williams Horace Roberts Charles S. Howe Edward Lucas J. Stanley Spence Rosalie P. McDaniel Roger D. Michel PEDRO MIGUEL CIVIC Kenneth Weeks Charles L. Pierce James W. Riley George G. Mandeville James H. Russell James P. Young COUNCIL W. Allen Sanders Katherine A. Sellens Livingston Reece PARAISO CIVIC COUNCIL Camp Bierd District Russell A. Stevens Earl S. Walrond Eric I. Raphael Victor Archbold CIVIC Precinct 1 GATUN COUNCIL Arthur Davis Ruben Cohen Mary Dugan Ralph Flemming Purcell Gilmore Harold Williams Bill Deaton T. Jemmott Phillip A. Henry Ravmond George Peggy- Valentine Robert Bennett Wilfred R. Johnson Cyril D. Atherley Bettv Wood Leo Chandler Winston O. Thomas Edith Brown Gladys Lasher Stephen R. Gordon Arthur Betty George Mitchell Mrs. W. Layne Sergio Rueda Chagres-Mindi District Anne Kennon Edgar Shaw Inez McKenzie Henning Soilling Philip Joseph Adolfo Bedoya Jorge Castro Norma DeVoll Cleveland Roberts Andres De Leon Gloria Geddie Samuel Turner Precinct 2 Eleuterio Galvez Norma Christiansen Clifford Jemmott Sonia Schack Richard Holness Noel I. Pilgrim William Clute Ruben Eversley Darnlev Smith Mrs. John Lasher Samuel Blenman A. B. Castillero Mount Hope District James YVeiselogel Wilbert Gittens Mamie Clinchard Newton Skeet George F. Earle Percival Appleton Art Cherry Lionel Worrell Mrs. E. I. Raphael Mrs. Dale Fontaine Ruth Smith Mrs. C. Jemmott Llovd Bennett Henry DeVoll Mvrtle Gordon C. G. Callender Wilderth T. Dryden The Panama Canal Review 15 A FAMILIAR name and scene caught the eye of Hartley Rowe of Boston, Mass., as he turned to page 19 of the September issue of The Panama Canal Review, where a brief article outlined Worth Knowin! the history of the bridge which once carried the Panama Railroad across the Rio Grande. Writing Governor Carter, Mr. Rowe DR. EZRA HURWITZ, Superintendent seniors must be submitted to the high said the article was of special interest to Palo Seco Leprosarium, is leaving school principals by December 1, 1961. of him because he was the engineer who Canal Zone service this month after A committee of the Canal Zone Society designed and constructed the dam 33 wars as mayor, mentor, doctor, and of Professional Engineers will evaluate across the river under the bridge, work- friend to the Leprosarium patients. the applications and conduct personal ing under the supervision of Clyde Dr. and Mrs. Hurwitz will remain interviews with all local candidates to E. Marshall. on the Isthmus and have moved to select area finalists. Final selection of Mr. Rowe said the dam was built Panama City. the five national award winners and five during November and December of alternates will be announced about Hurwitz was retired Actually, Dr. 1904 and January of 1905, and it was 1962. in May 1, from the Canal organization Novem- his first engineering and construc- ber 1956. He was immediately re- tion job after graduating from Purdue special authority and employed under University in June 1904. remained in his post as Superintendent About IVz years ago, while visiting the Leprosarium for another 5 years. of El Canal de Panama the Isthmus as a member of a special At the time of his formal retirement, Board of Consultants on Isthmian Canal Dr. Hurwitz was awarded the U.S. Studies who reported to Congress on Department of the Army's Meritorious a long-range program for Isthmian Civilian Service Award. Canal transits, Mr. Rowe saw the dam Bom in Kansas City, Mo., Dr. Hur- once more. witz has been a Zonian since 1927, most "While I was not surprised that it of which time he spent as head of Palo was still standing after 56 years, there Seco Leprosarium, where he was the are some pertinent factors in refer- first resident doctor. ence to the dam which may be of interest," e said in his letter to For his outstanding service at Palo Mr. Row Seco Leprosarium and his ministration Governor Carter. was entirely mixed to the patients, most of whom are "The concrete by on all Panamanian citizens, the Republic of hand mixing boards and was done Panama honored him in 1951 by award- bv four Hawaiians, whom I believe had ing him the Order of Vasco Nunez de jumped a ship. It was entirely rein- Balboa in the Grade of Comendador. forced by Decaulle rails recovered from the jungle, where they had been left At the time of Dr. Hurwitz' retire- by the French Canal Company. It is, ment in 1956, President Ernesto de la therefore, certain that the steel and Cuardia, Jr., of Panama, attended the Cover of new Spanish-language pamphlet. concrete were not nearly stressed to retirement program held at the Lepro- their allowable limits and would be, at sarium. Canal Zone Governor Potter the present time, entirely uneconomical." presented the retirement certificate and THE BASIC information pamphlet. The Funnel World Com- Governor Carter, in his reply, told other officials and friends of Dr. and Panama Canal, for Mr. Rowe that in the process of cutting Mrs. Hurwitz were present. merce, which describes the Canal and its operation and which has been dis- a 5-foot diameter hole through the dam tributed for a number of years in as part of a flood control system for the English recently has been translated Rio Grande drainage area, some of the into Spanish for the benefit of Spanish- structural qualities of the dam were of the Canal Zone Society MEMBERS speaking visitors to the waterway. revealed. "The concrete drilled and Professional Engineers are seeking of Governor Carter sent complimentary blasted through in the base of the dam local applicants for 4-year engineering copies of the new pamphlet to Panama was in excellent condition and shows no scholarships provided annually by the President Roberto F. Chiari, local rep- ill effects of age or shock from the Armco Foundation. Application forms resentatives of Spanish-speaking coun- drilling and blasting," Governor Carter and complete information about the tries, and Panama newspapers, advising said. "It again proves that the early- scholarships are available from the them of the new pamphlet's availability. work done with concrete in the Canal principals of Balboa and Cristobal President Chiari, in a letter to the construction was soundly engineered." High Schools. Governor, said, "I wish to express my Mr. Rowe, who served in various Each scholarship recipient will receive sincere thanks for your kindness in positions in design, construction, and ,u i award ol $750 per academic year. sending me the pamphlet on the Panama operation of the Panama Canal from The award will be renewed annually up Canal and its activities, recently pub- 1904 until 1919, when he resigned as to "I I a total academic years, provid- lished in Spanish. I found it most head of the Construction Division, served tisfactory personal and scholastic interesting reading." as consultant to the Manhattan District, ads are maintained by the winner President Chiari also expressed pleas- Los Alamos, and was a member of the and adequate progress is made toward ure at the initiative shown by Governor General Advisor}' Committee of the abaci jree in civil engineering. Carter in having the publication issued Atomic Energy Committee from 1946 Con;, applications for local in the Spanish language. to 1950. 16 November 3, 1961 GORGAS HOSPITAL DIRECTORY Guide to \l \l\ OFFICE ( )rthopedic clinic I ;encj room Surgical clinic Information desk BUILDING 261 Medical Care Pharmacy Eye, ear, nose, and throat Obstetrical and Gynecological clinics clinic arise about medical care, especially QUESTIONS frequently X-ray clinii how and where to arrange for needed services while in the BUILDING 242 BUILDING 255 Canal Zone. Gorgas and Coco Solo Hospitals combine to Chest clinic ( leneral outpatient clinic Allergy clinic provide essential care and services for most Zone residents. Blood Bank Hospital officials point out that children must be accom- Pediatric clinic BUILDING 236 panied bv a parent if thev are to receive medical treatment, Annual chest X-rays Urology clinic (3rd floor) because onlv a parent or guardian can give legal consent for Pre-employment and annual physicals BUILDING 240 such treatment. They also emphasize that it is not necessary Orthopedic brace shop to pay cash in advance for medical services provided by the BUILDING 253 Medical clinic BUILDING 287 Canal organization, although it is desired. To answer some of Psychiatric clinic Dental clinic (2d floor) the other most frequently asked questions, officials of the two hospitals supplied the answers given below . at home and the services of a doctor are desired, you should How to obtain medical care: call the emergency room and explain the situation, giving as During regular hospital hours, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday much information as possible. Normally, it is suggested that through Friday, patients should go to the outpatient clinics, the sick person visit the hospital to obtain medical services, with or without appointments, although appointments are because more comprehensive diagnostic and treatment preferred. Outside of regular hours and on Saturdays, Sunda) s. facilities are available. or holidays, patients should go directly to the emergency How to arrange for rooms. First visit maternity patients should arrange for dental care or an examination to appointments at the obstetrical clinics. obtain a prescription for eveglasses: Gorgas: Arrange an appointment in advance by calling proper clinic. Emergency 2-1211 Main Office Gorgas: Eye clinic 2-6453 Outpatient 2-6369 or 2-6454 Bldg. 255 Main Office Dental clinic _. _ 2-3765 Obstetrical 2-6456 Bldg. 261 2d floor, Bldg. 2.S7 Coco Solo: Coco Solo: Eve clinic 34-63 Emergency 3-1211 Main Office New wing Dental clinic __ ,34-13 floor, Outpatient 34-55 New wing 2d Main Hospital Bldg! Obstetrical 34-03 Main Office How to arrange for a physical examination: What to do in an emergency: Arrangements for general, checkup type physical examina- Report to emergency room. If possible, someone should tions and special examinations such as those required for college entrance, to alert the hospital that an emergencv case is on the way by obtain insurance, and similar purposes calling and supplying as much information about the nature each are handled somewhat differently at both hospitals, but of the emergency as possible. If the patient cannot be moved, appointments for either type should be made in advance. call the emergency number and explain the problem, giving Gorgas: location of patient. Canal Zone physicians cannot respond to General physical. _ __ 2-6369 or 2-6454 Bldg. 255 calls outside the Canal Zone. Special physical _ _ _ 2-6308 Bldg. 255 Coco Solo: How to obtain medical care at your Canal Zone home: General physical 34.55 New u;„,_, If you or a member of your household becomes ill seriously Special physical 34-80 New wing The Panama Canal Review 17 ANNIVERSARIES (On the basis of total Federal Service) CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU MARINE BUREAU Jeanne E. Brown W. Field Elementary and Secondary Foreman Shipfitter School Teacher A. Duncan Bernadine U. Hanna an Elementary and Secondar Ricketts School Teacher an Florence A. Lamson nd A. Moran Elementary and Secondary room Attendant School Teacher PLY AND COMMUNITY SERVICE HUREAU ENGINEERING A CONSTRUCTION BUREAU Ronald G. Bushell Utility Worker Abel Ortega Rupert M. Cranston Surveying Aid Milker James C. Slade Angela R. DaCosta Engineman Packager TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS BUREAU Wilfred Gittens Clerk Checker ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Vernon C. Douglas Evaristo R. Manuel Osvald E. Duggon Lead Foreman, Public Works Boatman Flame Scrap Cutter Muriel L. Hart Road Construction Carlos Giroldi Enid E. Lascelles Graphotype Machine Operator Elvin S. Binns Helper Boilermaker Sales Clerk CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Surveying Aid Jose A. Caciano Bernice E. Smith Everette N. Clouse Seaman Clerk Typist Pauline E. Long Welder OFFICE OF THE Clifford L. Barton Elementary and Secondary John W. Huson Sales Section Head School Teacher Electronics Mechanic COMPTROLLER G. E. Gittens Slater Ruth K. Peterson Mildred H. Arnold J. Landreth Sales Checker, Retail Store Elementary and Secondary Electrician, Pipeline Dredge Stenographer Alice M. James School Teacher HEALTH BUREAU SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY Clerk Sophie D. McLimans SERVICE BUREAU Marie O. Strachan Elementary and Secondary Edgar J. Moodie Sales Clerk School Teacher Medical Tecl John A. Gulston Jacob Rand Herbert W Supervisor Warehouseman Window Clerk Nursing A Satry Harold F. Brown Elva K. Stewart Leslie J. Pryce Truck Driver Window Clerk Nursing Assistant Olga A. Josephs Constantine Downs Delsada Perry Can- Pantryman Clerk Typist Nursing Assista, Dorothy E. TRANSPORTATION AND Eugenie E. Plummer TERMINALS BUREAU Dressing Room Attendant Medical C nography MA UREAU] Kenneth L. Reid ENGINEERING AND Supervisory Clerk Checker George E. RueyTTrT CONSTRUCTION BUREAU Pantryman Preston E. Minton General Foreman, Docking Gwendolyn V. Batson Automotive Machinist William L. Bingham and Undocking Sales Checker, Retail Store Arnold G. Rich Power Plant Chief Vincent King Floris N. King Heavy Laborer Wilfred U. Forbes Seaman Flatwork Presser Juan Sanchez Helper Machinist James R. S. DeFrees Ethel O. Stephen Heavy Laborer Burnell F. Dowler Lock Operator Machinist Sales Checker, Food Service Arthur Thomas ( Machinist >perator-Diesel Leslie C. Mcintosh Margaret Fields Brakcman Alfonso L. Rodriguez Helper Lock Operator Checker, Sales Food Service Walter L. Ilund II. avy Laborer Luis A. Nieto Ralph S. Buddie Liquid Fuels Dispatcher Robert Graham Launch Operator Heavy Laundry Worker C. de la C. Zapata man D. L. S. Dickenson Abel A. Ortiz Railroad Trackman William C. Lashley Seaman Laborer Cleaner John M. Henry Maintenanceman, Distribution Candelario Pineda Muriel L. Dovle Timekeeper Sysl Lead Painter, Maintenance Sales Clerk Gabino A. Escobar Ambrosio Rivas Ronald J. Sanderson Oscar II. Blackmail Ship Worker Asphalt or Cement Worker Heavy Laborer Sales Section Head John K. Brayton Astor Hawkins Bernardino Ortega Aubrey Brown General Foreman, Ship Painter Seaman Laborer Cleaner Cargo Operations 18 November 3, 1961 PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS September 10 through October 10 EMPLOYEES who were promoted or Max C. Conover, from Lead Joiner, to John J. Fallon, from Payroll Systems transferred between September 10 and Lead Foreman. Officer to Time, Leave, and Payroll Supervisor. October 10 are listed below. Within- Louis S. Damiani, from Refrgeration Me- chanic, to Leader Refrigeration Mechanic. Helen N. Minor, from Time, Leave, and grade promotions and job reclassifica- Malcolm A. Brissett, from Asphalt or Payroll Supervisor, to Payroll Svstems tions are not listed. Cement Worker, to Carpenter. Officer. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH Epifanio Hernandez M., from Dock Worker, Treasury Branch Elizabeth Lester, from Clerk-Stenographer, Terminals Division, to Heavy Laborer. Carolyn L. Holgerson, from Clerk-Stenog- to Clerk (Typing). Contract and Inspection Division rapher, Accounting Division, to Clerk- Typist. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Bob D. Maynard, from Lead Foreman Bernhard I. Everson, from Transportation Plumber, to Construction Representative. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY and Terminals Director, to Civil Affairs Richard Swearingen, from Electrician, to SERVICE BUREAU Director. Construction Representative. Supply Division Amos W. De Raps, from Customs Guard, George V. Kirkland, from Supervisory Robert G. Rowe, from Retail Store Super- to Customs Inspector, Customs Division. Construction Inspector, to Supervisory visor, to Commissary Store Manager. Division of Schools Construction Representative. Horace M. Roberts, from Clerk, to Retail Dorothy T. Abplanalp, Jane W. Fleet, Ralph E. Furlong, from Construction Jr., Store Supervisor. Patricia E. Grez, Florene H. Olsen, Olga Inspector, to Supervisory Construction F. Stallworth, Ana C. Stearns, Vera S. Inspector. Leonard W. Collins, from Leader Laborer, Walbum, Olympia D. Lafuente, from HEALTH BUREAU to Retail Store Supervisor. Substitute Teacher, to Elementary and Cleveland Roberts, from Sales Section Secondary School Teacher. Olga Tonk, from Staff Nurse, to Staff Head, to Service Center Supervisor. Irma G. Leignadier, from Substitute Nurse, Medicine and Surgery, Gorgas Earle G. Moore, from Mail Supervisor, to Teacher, Latin American Schools, to Ele- Hospital. Mail Clerk. mentary and Secondary School Teacher, Matthew M. Walcott, Theophilus A. Wilson, Ralph Rowland, from Utility Worker, to Latin American Schools. from Kitchen Attendant, to Patient Food Leader Laborer. Service Attendant, Gorgas Hospital. William P. Fusselman, from Student Assist- Aubrey C. Baxter, from Heavy Laborer, to ant, Business Administration, Electrical Cynthia V. Jones, from Sales Clerk, Supply High Lift Truck Operator. Division, to Life Guard. Division, to Nursing Assistant, Coco Harold T. Kildare, from High Lift Truck Solo Hospital. ENGINEERING AND Operator, to Stockman. CONSTRUCTION BUREAU MARINE BUREAU Rosa A. Prados, from Meat Packager, to Mae B. Cross, from Accounts Maintenance Navigation Division Sales Clerk. Carlos Alvarado, Utility Worker, to Clerk, to Accounting Assistant, Office of Robert S. Peake, from Pilot-in-Training, to from Clerk. the Director. Probationary Pilot. Sales Engineering Division Etelberto Bustos, Samuel A. Grant, Wilbur Cecilia W. Brathwaite, from Utility Worker, to Counter Attendant. Corwin E. Hinson, Jr., from Towing Loco- T. Greaves, Alonso Sanchez, Felipe Soo, motive Operator, Locks Division, to from Launch Seaman, to Deckhand. Lucil J. Frank, from Packager, to Meat Supervisory Surveying Technician. Jorge A. Fuentes, Ricardo R. Lasso, Rafael Packager. Eustaquio Herrera, from Ship Worker, Ter- A. Lascano, from Launch Operator, to Radames Ben, Basil C. De Sousa, Damian minals Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Launch Seaman. Gill, Jr., from Pinsetter, to Utility Worker. Dredging Division Industrial Division Austin Byrd, Wilfred A. Campbell, Community Services Division J. Jr., Edward H. Sadler, from Crane Hookman, from Dipper Dredge Engineer, to Chief to Guard. Jack E. Van Hoose, from Housing Manage- Engineer, Towboat or Ferry. to Housing Project Assistant. Joseph O. Inniss, from Counter Attendant, ment Aid, John L. Hughes, Jr., Alfred G. Norkunas, Supply Division, to Helper Rigger. Gerald H. Halsall, from Housing Man- Andrew H. Page, Wallace O. Stendahl, agement Assistant, to Housing Project from Pipeline Dredge Engineer, to First Ernest V. Baptiste, Albert M. Rowe, from Assistant. Assistant Engineer, Pipeline Dredge. Laborer Cleaner, to Helper Rigger. Arthur C. Payne, from Accounting Assist- Bruce Banks, from Lead Foreman, Debris Arturo Smith, from Laborer Cleaner, to ant, to Assistant Manager, Cristobal Control, to Welder. Helper Boilermaker. Housing Office. Pablo C. Petit, from Norman J. Clarke, from Heavy Laborer, Grounds Maintenance Jackson Pearce, from Assistant Manager, Equipment Supply Division, to Laborer Cleaner. J. Operator, Community Serv- Cristobal Housing Office, to Assistant ices Division, to Boatman. Laurel R. Denny, from Package Boy, Sup- Manager, Balboa Housing Office. H. Holder, from ply Division, to Laborer Cleaner. James Navigational Aid Euclides Castillo, Francisco Santana, Simon to Guard. Hines, Utility Supply Worker, Earl D. from Worker, Ararrcibia, from Laborer, to Grounds Gerald Wilson, from Clerk, to Guard. Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Maintenance Equipment Operator. Electrical Division Locks Division Hilton Goodridge, Ugent M. Lord, from Leader Laborer Cleaner, to Lead Fore- Robert F. Ausnehmer, John B. Coffey, Jr.. Juan M. Cordoba, Eustace A. Walters, from man Laborer Cleaner. Leslie W. Croft, Jr., from Operator- Heavy Laborer, to Helper Lock Operator. Hydro, to Senior Operator, Generating Albert E. Watson, from Field Tractor George Albert, from Laborer Cleaner, Divi- Station. Operator, to Lead Foreman, Grounds sion of Schools, to Heavy Laborer. Dorothy S. Bright, from Property and Maintenance Equipment Operator. Marciano Alvarado. from Utility Worker, Supply Clerk, to Stock Control Clerk. Frederick D. Stewart, from Laborer Supply Division, to Heavy Laborer. William Kosan, from Marine Machinist, Cleaner, to Leader Laborer Cleaner. Samuel Walker, from Waiter, Supply Divi- Industrial Division, to Shift Engineer. Efrain Meza M., from Stockman, to Crater sion, to Heavy Laborer. Maintenance Division and Packer. OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER William G. Mummaw, from Lead Foreman, Francisco Martinez, from Laborer, to Heavy Laborer. to General Foreman. Accounting Division Winston S. Johnson, from Stockman, to James F. Ahearn, from Lead Foreman, Malcolm A. Johnston, Jr., from Payroll Furniture Repairman. Quarters Maintenance, to Lead Foreman Systems Officer, to Chief, Payroll and Plumber. Machine Accounting Branch. (See p. 20) The Panama Canal Review 19 Promotions and Transfers (Continued from p. 29) TRANSPORTATION AND Watch Where TERMINALS RUREAU Capt. Axton T. Jones, U.S.N., from Captain of the Port, Navigation Division, to Director. Terminals Division You're Going Jules A. Lelaidier, from Guard, Locks Divi- sion, to Liquid Fuels Ganger. Solomon A. Evven, from Winchman, to Leader Ship Cargo Operations. Ricardo Moreno, from Substitute Teacher, to drive safely at night Latin American Schools, Division of THE ABILITY Schools, to Clerk Checker. depends upon several things, but the Pablo Jaramillo, from Dock Worker, to most important is the driver's own vision. Winchman. Other factors such as illumination, vehi- Rupert A. Knight, from Truck Driver, cle speed, and weather also play a part. Supply Division, to High Lift Truck Operator. and a clean windshield is, of course, Hedley Allen, from Ship Worker, to High a necessity. Lift Truck Operator. Your eyes play tricks at night. For Roberto Avila, Santana Avila, Luis Barrera, expected or Arthur Hughes, Norman A. Jeff, Surjit example, you can see an Singh, Huntley E. Snape, Hector Vega, familiar object much farther away than from Dock Worker, to High Lift Truck an unexpected one. Operator. are must as Gerardo A. Nunez, from Dock Worker, to Periodic vision checks a Ship Worker. a driver grows older. The average Railroad Division 55-year-old driver with 20/20 vision light as the Gilberto Anaya, from Utility Worker, Sup- needs twice as much ply Division, to Railroad Trackman. 20-year-old with the same visual rating. Roman Lopez, from Dock Worker, to Rail- Vision defects are exaggerated at night road Trackman. and good drivers take this into account. Motor Transportation Division Ramon Rivera, Jr., from Truck Driver, to At night, drivers must depend upon Heavy Truck Driver. artificial light— from their own head- C. Luna, from Tire Rebuilder, to Ramon lamps, from other cars, and sometimes Leader Tire Rebuilder. NATIONAl SAFETY COUNCU illumination. Luis A. Salazar, Encaniacion Corpas, Jose from overhead highway Barraza, from Helper Tire Rebuilder, to The latter sometimes creates additional within the distance he can see—then he's Tire Rebuilder. sight problems for drivers. playing a dangerous game of chance OTHER PROMOTIONS Annual inspections of vehicles operat- with unknown dangers. PROMOTIONS which did not involve ing in the Canal Zone and the Republic Driving experts agree that night changes of title follow: of Panama include a check of the head- driving demands slower speed. Vision Cecil D. Gooding, Retail Store Supervisor, lamp performance on vehicles, but it studies prove that your sight distance Supply Division. may be necessary to have them adjusted shrinks the faster you go. At 20 miles David S. Beckett, Service Center Super- between vehicle inspections. per hour a driver can see and identify visor, Supply Division. than he John C. DeYoung, Inspector, Gas Plant A really good driver knows the rela- objects 80 feet further away Products, Supply Division. tionship between his headlamps and his can at 60 miles per hour. Rose V. C. Brogie, Clerk-Typist, Supply- stopping distance at highway speed. If This narrowing and shortening of the Division. field, plus the efficiency of the Elda M. Mendoza, Aida I. Morales, Clerk- he doesn't know this— if he goes hurtling visual Typist, Community Services Division. into a black hole of darkness at a speed headlights, plus your stopping distance, Christopher Greaves, Luciano C. D. Sablo, that will make it impossible to stop all determine your safe speed at night. Clerk, Community Services Division. Robert J. Saarinen, Service Center Super- visor, Supply Division. George R. Downing, Accountant, Account- ing Division. Paula C. Decker, Clerk-Stenographer, Ac- counting Division. _ACCIDENTS- Frederick W. Jones, Signalman, Navigation Division. FOR Edna M. Donohue, Cartographic Compila- tion Aid, Engineering Division. THIS MONTH Juan R. Griffin, Bus Service Inspector, Motor Transportation Division. AND Claudio C. McFarlane, Freight Clerk, Panama Local Agency. Alvin H. Hassock, Clerk, Locks Division. THIS YEAR Alfred Mason, Clerk, Electrical Division. Herminio Figueroa, Grounds Maintenance FIRST AID DISABLING DAYS Equipment Operator, Community Serv- SEPTEMBER Di\ ision. CASES INJURIES LOST '60 Pablo A. Aguilar, Abraham Hernandez, •6) '60 •61 60 •61 Surveying Aid, Engineering Division. 213 4 11 365 206 Alfonso N. Forbes, lames Grant, Hubert ALU UNITS 236 \. White. Ashton L. Wilson, Utility YEAR TO DATE 2788(397) 2213 100(4) 106 9426(58)14210 Worker. Supply Division. In tola!. ) Locks Overhaul injuries Included 20 November 3, 1961 CANAL HISTORY 50 Years Ago 25 Years Ago 10 Years Ago MORE THAX 3 million cubic yards of SPEEDY ratification of the 1936 FEDERAL employees in the Canal still fighting the concrete had been laid in the construc- Panama-United States treaty was ex- Zone were U.S. income official circles 25 tax 10 years ago. In November 1951, a tion of the three sets of locks for the pected in Panama as a result of the overwhelm- suit challenging the constitutionality of Panama Canal 50 years ago this month. v ears ago victory of President Franklin D. the income tax in the Canal Zone was This was approximately three-fourths ing Roosevelt in the U.S. presidential elec- filed in the U.S. District Court in Anion of the concrete required for the locks. tions. President Demostenes Arosemena on behalf of 749 Federal employees. The figures quoted did not include the asked the Panama National Assembly Attorneys John O. Collins and Donald spillways. At Gatun Locks, the center for speedy action on the treaty. McNevin, who filed the complaint, and side walls of the upper and middle As a committee from the U.S. Senate wanted a judicial pronouncement that locks were practically finished and in- departed for the Isthmus to probe local the ammendment to the tax law which stallation of the first of the cylindrical working conditions, the Panama Canal extended the income tax to the Zone valves in the locks had been started. administration expressed flat opposition was unconstitutional. Thev also asked Plans were being made for the con- to any legislation which would require for an injunction to stop collection struction of a dry dock at Balboa. The the wholesale replacement of aliens by of the tax. stevedore design for the dock and other facilities U.S. citizens. A bill was being con- Despite an east coast strike, Canal traffic during October 1951 was under direction of H. B. Rousseau, sidered In- Congress which would pro- vide that all skilled positions in the was reported to be the highest since U.S. Navy civil engineer. Canal organization be filled by U.S. March 1939. Transits averaged 17.5 November lived up to its reputation or Panamanian citizens. ocean-going ships daily. as a rainy month 50 years ago. On the In Kansas City, Mo., Maj. Gen. night of November 28-29, all Isthmian 1 Year Ago SmedlevD. Butler made a speech urging for rainfall for short of and the United records excessive that the Panama Canal be international- THE FLAGS Panama periods were broken at Portobelo. States flew side bv side along Canal when ized. He said that it was false security streets used last year as parade 2.46 inches of rain fell in 3 minutes. for the United States to depend on the Zone routes by Panama and Colon groups The total rainfall for the "shower" at Canal, because it could not be defended celebrated Flag on Novem- Portobelo was 7.60 inches. in case of war. who Day ber 4 by marching through the Canal Zone. On November 3, top U.S. officials from the Canal Zone joined the festive RETIREMENTS celebration of the Republic's indepen- dence and a spirit of neighborliness and certificates were pre- Kelly, Jamaica; Heavy Laborer, RETIREMENT Adolphus relaxation prevailed on the Isthmus. sented at the end of October to the Supply Division; 15 years, 4 months, 6 days; Colon. employees listed below, with their birth- George T. McLintock, Delaware; Electro- places, positions, years of Canal service, plater, Electrical Division; 25 years, ChriJtmaJ and future residence. 11 months, 13 days; Pennsylvania. Qift3 Robert D. Martin, ' Barbados; High Lift William Adams, New York; Police Private, CHRISTMAS is coming and so are Truck Operator, Terminals Division; 37 Police Division; 21 years, 10 months, of packages. years, 8 months, 12 days; Colon. a deluge holiday 23 days; Panama. William G. Mummaw, Pennsylvania; Gen- Canal Zone residents who plan to Gustaves Downs, Panama; Helper Lock eral Building Foreman, Maintenance send bona fide gifts to the United Operator, Locks Division; 26 years, 5 Division; 21 years, 3 months; Florida. months, 14 days; Colon. States under the U.S. Customs regula- Dionicio Rodriguez, Panama; Oiler, Locks tion which permits such gifts up to Claudio Garay, Panama; Heavy Laborer, Division; 39 years, 6 months, 3 days; Locks Division; 39 years, 9 months, Colon. $10 in value to enter free of duty are 28 days; Colon. Enrique Rosero, Colombia: Floating Plant reminded bv the Canal Zone Cus- Francisco Gonzalez, Martinique; Laborer, Fireman, Dredging Division; 41 years, toms Division that thev must mark Community Services Division; 17 years, 7 days; Panama. each package "Bona Fide Gift." 4 months, 3 days; Colon. Clarence R. Taht, Pennsylvania; Water Maintenance Divi- Officials of the U\S. Customs office John A. Grenald, Panama; Heavy Laborer, System Controlman, sion; years, months, 2 days; : Locks Division; 11 years, 7 months, 21 2 in New Orleans have told Zone Cus- 25 days; Colon. Washington. toms officials that approximately 90 Dorothy H. Tinnin, Mississippi; Time, Capt. Francis Harrington, Massachusetts; percent of the parcels received at J. Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Accounting Pilot, Navigation Division; 27 years, Division; 20 years, 10 months, 2 days; New Orleans are not marked pro- 2 months, 1 day; Florida. Mississippi. perly as required bv regulations. When Louis Hasemann. New York; Finance C. Alfred S. Walker, Jamaica: Motor Vehicle parcels are not properly marked, with Branch Superintendent, Postal Division; Dispatcher, Motor Transportation Divi- the words "Bona Fide Gift," thev 32 years, 1 month, 11 days: Florida. sion; 38 years, 4 months; Colon. Frederick H. Hodges, Virginia; Locomo- Donald A. Walters, Jamaica; Sales Clerk, are treated as commercial shipments tive Engineer, Railroad Division; 35 Supply Division; 32 years, 8 months, subject to duty. years, 11 months, 3 days; Virginia. 3 days; Panama. The Panama Canal Review 21 TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes: First Quarter, Fiscal Year Avg. No. 1962 1961 Transits 1951-55 178 United States intercoastal 113 118 643 387 East coast of United States and South America. 564 113 East coast of United States and Central America 90 120 239 East coast of United States and Far East 636 535 49 United States/Canada east coast and Australasia 74 70 167 Europe and west coast of United States/Canada 187 214 Europe and South America 277 268 111 83 Europe and Australasia 91 77 353 All other routes 725 655 1,680 Total traffic 2,757 2,700 MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS Vessels of 300 tons net or over (Fiscal Years) CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT Automation at Sea THE FIRST Japanese ocean-going ship to be equipped with a remote control and automation system for its main machinery should pass through the Panama Canal soon after the first of the year. It is the Kinkasan Mam, which was built at the Tamano Shipyards for the Mitsui Steamship Line. It is sched- uled for completion late this month. Main feature of the remote control and automation equipment, is an en- closed, soundproofed, and air-condi- tioned remote control room within the engineroom itself. It is connected to various parts of the engineroom by an automatic telephone exchange and the key part of the engineroom can be kept under observation through a double pane window. The vessel is expected to have a maximum speed of 19 knots when fully loaded. Harbor Launches TWO LAUNCHES to be used for harbor work after completion now are being built by the Panama Canal Com- pany. One is a wooden hull launch to be named Dove and the second is a steel hull launch to be called Robin. The Dove, being built by the launch repair forces of the Industrial Division in Camboa, is the first small craft of its type to be constructed by the Canal since 1949. The Robin is under construc- tion at the Industrial Division in Cris- tobal. Both are scheduled for completion in about 6 months and will be assigned to the Cristobal Port Captain's office. Scientific Expedition AMONG the small craft which transited the Canal recendy was the 109-foot sailing vessel Argosy, which sailed from Balboa with IV2 tons of equipment designed for use by a group of Univer- sity of Miami scientists to collect biologi- cal and ecological data from the waters off Panama and the coast of Ecuador. AJso aboard the boat was special oceanographic gear for studv of water temperatures, currents, and salt content. Data gathered on the cruise will be furnished the United States Government and those of Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador, the scientists said. o H I?MMG BY OCEAN-GOING In contrast to the booming increases SHIPPING statistics for Canal traffic TRANSITS in shipments of scrap metal, coal, and during the first quarter of fiscal year VESSELS IN SEPTEMBER sugar through the waterway, shipments 1962 show that the fastest-growing of barley and wheat from Pacific to trade route served by the Isthmian ( menial 847 892 Atlantic have declined shai-ply from a waterway continues to be between the U.S. Government.. 14 13 year ago, with barley shipments this east coast of the United States and the year being only about 25 percent of Far East. Total _ _~^i lx)5 were during the first quarter boom in what they Bolstered by the continuing TOLLS ° () f gsca] vear 1961 and wheat shipments Japanese industrial development, the ircial. 19 < o _ $4,176,218 $4,525 bejng reduced to less than half of their United States east coast-Far East trade U.S. Government- 46,398 year-ago level. On the other hand, wheat route led all others in number of ships $4,222,616 $4,598,160 shipments from Atlantic to Pacific have during the first quarter of the current Total increased, being almost three times the fiscal year, outstripping the historicall) oo CARGO i i r „ level ot a year ago. leading route between the east coast of ,; ercial. 4,844,190 5,021,956 Ore shipments from Pacific to Atlantic the United States and the west coast U.S. Government. 35 145 72,521 were (j own approximately 20 percent of South America. from the 1961 level, although they con- The continuing growth of Japanese Total 4,879,635 5,094,477 ocean-going and small. tinned to lead in total tonnage of prin- industry and its demands for materials indudes tolls on all vessels, i i.. ire in lone items argo : cipal commodity shipped through has climbed to the point where approxi- the Canal. The level of ore shipments mately 40 percent of all cargo moving- has been a 50 percent increase in during the first quarter of this fiscal year through the Canal at present is bound there sugar moving in the other were even slightly less than the total either to or from Japan. The current the amount of the waterway. during the comparable period of 1960. upward movement in cargo shipments direction through double-shuffle in sugar results The ever-shifting pattern of cargo involving Japan started last May after This shipped through movements also was reflected during having leveled off for several months from Cuban sugar being Russia, and other the first quarter in the fact that total prior to that. the Canal to China, sugar from tonnage moving from Pacific to Atlantic Shipments of scrap metal to Japan Far Eastern points, while of Pacific islands, declined more than 7 percent, coin- during the first quarter of this fiscal Peru and a number Philippines, Formosa, and pared with the same period last year, year set the pace for all other commo- including the the Canal for while tonnage moving from the Atlantic dities moving over the United States Hawaii, is sent through coast of the to the Pacific increased by more than east coast-Far East trade route. Scrap movement to the east metal shipments were approximately United States. 22 percent. double the level of such cargo move- ments during the first quarters of fiscal years 1960 and 1961. Closely allied with the increase in scrap metal shipments was the con- tinuing upward climb of coal and coke movements to Japan. These shipments, OCEAN-GOING TRANSITS which have been in a steady upward THROUGH PANAMA CANAL climb throughout the several years of the Japanese industrial boom, showed an increase of 15 percent during the first quarter of this fiscal year, as compared with the first quarter of fiscal year 1961. The worldwide shifts which have occurred in the sale of sugar also have resulted in a sharp increase in the quantity of this commodity moving through the waterway, although the change lias not involved sufficient ships to show a major effect on leading trade route patterns. The shifting pattern in the World sugar market is indicated by the fact that almost four times as much sugar 1 1 the Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific dining the first quart* r o the current fiscal year as was shipp direction during the comparable periods of 1960 and 1961. Simulta Uh the growth in sie^ai shi] i,i lis from Atlantic to Pacific. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 07150 0390