District Census Handbook 30-Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh
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DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 GHAZIPUR DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were publish ed in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require ... ments of the country, the district ... wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 190V02 to 195°"51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district"wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District P~ulation Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is twenty ... nine. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. R.AJESHWAR.I PRASAD,I.A.S., RAMPUR: SuperintendentJ Census Operations~ July IS, 1955. Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS Pagu. INTRODUC'rION- A-The District Hii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-x C_Expla."mtory Note on the Statistics .. x-xii PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A- I Area, Houses and population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population .. .. 4-S A-IV Towns Classified by population with Variations since 1901 .. 6-7 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes ._. 8-9 E Area and population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes •• 10-11 B--EcoNOMIC TABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-cla..'lSes 12-15 B-Il Secondary Means of Livelihood •• 16-2~ B-IlI Employers, Flinployees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisons 24-51 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 52-53 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations .. 54-57 C-HOUSEHOLD ANI> AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (size and composition) .. 58-59 C-Il Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 60-63 C-I1I Age and Civil Condition 64-67 C-IV Age and Literacy 68-71 C-V Single Year Age Returns ... 72-79 D-SOCIAL ANI> CULTURAL TABLES- D ..1 Languages (i) Mother Tongue .... .. 80 (ii) Bilingualism 8t D-II Religion - .. 82-83 P-III Scheduled Castes 82-83 P-IV Migrants .. 8+:-87 p_ V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 88-89 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 88-89 P-VI Non-Indian Nationals ... "' . D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 90-94 PART II->VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA. STATISTICS 1 Primary Census Abstract •• ... 96-203 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 204 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS 1 Vital Statistics 206-209 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 210-211 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 212-215 (iii) Cropped Area 216-231 (iv) Irrigated Area .. .. 232-235 6 Live-Stock. Agricultural Machinery and Implements 236-239 7 List of Primary Schools 240-242 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Ghazipur is bounded on the north-west by Azamgarh, on the north- · east and east by Ballia, on the south-east by Bihar, on the south-west by Banaras and on the west by Jaunpur. The total area of the district is 1,306 square miles and its population in 1951 was 11'4 lakhs. It has 3 tehsils, 11 parganas and 14 thanas. 2. As a whole the district is a fertile plain, the only marked variations of surface being Topography those caused by the broad valley of the Ganga and the channels of the minor streams. Save the wide expanses of low rice country the tract is well wooded, for though there are no forests and few jungles, grov:s of mango and other species are dotted about in profusion and there is a large number of sClttered trees, many of which attain a magnificent growth. The popula- tion is extremely dens~, and in most parts the unusual frequency of villages and hamlets forms a striking feature in the landscape. To the same cmse may be attributed the closeness of "cultivation, which has long been extended to all but the most unprofitable land, so that little waste remains beyond sterile sand or the barren rlains of usar which in some parts are very · common, particularly in the north. The genera slope of the country is from north-west to south-east, this being the direction usually taken by the subsidiary drainage lines, though the rule is by no means universal. Ganga is the most important river and all the other rivers are , directly or indirectly affluents of this river. The Ganga banks are alternately steep and shelv · ing, the ordinary rule being that a precipitous bank on one side is faced by a gentle slope of : alluvium on the other. There are, of course, many indications of former channels in the river valley, sometimes silted up at either end and converted into the characteristic narrow. lagoons called bhagars. Gomti and Gangi are the two important tributaries of Ganga. There are · also some other small rivers. They practically complete the drainage system of the district but at the same time there are certain tracts in which the natural drainage is far from perfect; specially in the north of the district such depressions have given birth to a number of shallow j hils and lagoons. 3. The northern uplands, which comprise all the country north of the Ganga, with Soils the exception of parts of Saidpur and Ghazipur and the greater portion of Mohammadabad, for the m3st part resemble the ordinary uplands of the Gangetic plain. On the higher levels sand greponderates and as the ground slopes inland from the banks of the streams the soil becom~s a good fertile loam, usually of a somewhat light character, and in the depressions this merges into a stiff clay which turns into usar wherever saturation has occurred, and at all times is suited for the cultivation of rice. The light sandy soil is generally known as balua, the loam as doras, corresponding to the dumat of other parts, and the clay as matiyar. The type of clay ranges from stiff brown loam known as matiyar to the hard grey dhankar, which is fitted only for the cultivation of rice and is so tenacious that it can only be worked when well soaked, while in dry weather it hardens into an iron consistency. This soil is often infected with the saline efflorescence called reh. There is also a large amount of kankar in the sub- soil. In the lowlands the soil is of a different nature varying from pure river sand to the fine loam deposit and the characterisitc karail, a dark variety closely corresponding to the mar of Bundelkhand. The soil contains much alumina and when wet becomes extremely soft, so that it is almost impossible to traverse it during the rains. It is so rich that no manure is required and a minimum of labour is demanded j while it produces a spring crop without irrigation after a normal rainy season. On the other hand karail when dry becomes exceed ingly hard, splitting into great cracks and fissures making ploughing, sowing and irrigation impossible. 4. The figures of classification of area during the last SO years are given in Table 2 of Classification Part III of this volume. The proportionate area under the various categories works out as of area follows for 1950-51 : Actual figures Particulars (in acres) Percentage Cultivated area 62::,899 75'1 Culturable waste (excluding current fallow) 85.589 10'3 Current fallow 27,721 3'3 Forest Area not available for cultivation of which- 94,251 11·3 (a) Covered with water 43,410 5'2 (b) Under sites, roads and buildings 23,716 2'8 (c) Barren 27,125 ·3'3 ii The figures of the above table regarding culturable waste taken from the Season and Crop, Report is, liowever, misleading. The State Agriculture Department conducted in 1949-50 a detailed enquiry through the District Officers regarding the nature of this area in each dis trict. The following analysis of the area resulted from this enquiry: Area Particulars (in acres) Percentage Total culturable waste (A+B+C) 92,828 100 A.-Area under culturable waste land not available for immediate cultivation 25,518 27 '49 (i) Forest under any legal enactment (ii) Groves 22,020 23'72 (iii) Forests of timber trees •• (iv) Thatching grasses, shrubs and bushes 2,048 (v) Land kept for grazing ., 1,450 1'56 B-Area under culturable waste land available for immediate cultivation but which could not be cultivated 24,718 26'63 Of which due to (i) Kan. growth 880 (ii) Threshing floors 921 (iii) Malaria 4 O·O() (iv) Floods 738 0'80> (v) Lack of drains 165 0'18 (vi) Lack of water 6.270 6'75 (vii) Distance from abadi 302 (viii) Damage from wild animals 1,304 1'40 (ix) Other causes 14,134 15'23 C-Area under culturable waste land that can be brought under immediate cul tivation after some improvements besides the area given against 'E' 42,592 45'88 From the above it will appear that of the total area recorded as cuIturable waste only 4S'9 per cent.