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101 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 102 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) Plate 108 Village ofMontchaninalongRoute 100 Plate 108Village 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage103 (Plate 110). plantingofacultivarsuchas’RedSunset‘or’OctoberGlory’ result fromauniform thanwould bothvisualandbiological, resultingingreaterdiversity, habits andcolors hasbeenplantedwithseedling redmaples.Thetreeshave avarietyof development, theentranceroadtoStoney Run SummitLane, (Plate 109).Respectingthistradition, ascanbeseenisthis1870imageofDuPont’s Lane(nowBuckRoad) able diversity, Analysis: Montchanin characterizethissegment. Description: Character segment15 itrcly treesliningroadway sectionsandprivatelanesexhibitedconsider- Historically, of largeestatesandthe historiccrossroadsattheVillage Gently rollingfarmland, Plate 110EntrancetoStoney Rundevelopment fromMontchaninRoad Village ofMontchanin Village uotsLn,ca.1870 DuPont’s Lane, Plate 109 103 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage104 104 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) Dense evergreen screen(onleft)alongMontchaninRoad cy for residential landowners (Plate112). cy forresidentiallandowners vistasfortravelers yet provide asenseofenclosureandpriva- native. They preserve offeracreativealter- especiallyiflimbedhigh, what claustrophobic.Deciduoustrees, theexperiencewouldbeuninterestingandsome- Plate111), (as visibleontheleft, Recommendations: If bothsidesoftheMontchaninRoadbyway were screenedwithevergreen trees ln algoigsaetesta rvd nlsr e rsrevsa,as vistas, • Planttall-growingshadetreesthatprovide enclosureyetpreserve • Designplantingsatdevelopment entrancestobeconsistentwiththesimplicity new developments arebuiltalongMontchaninRoad. and historicalcharacterofthebyway (seePlate110). Plate 111 adjacent toMontchaninRoad Deciduous treesallowingviews intomeadow Plate 112 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage105 Winterthur station&AdamsDamintersection Winterthur 105 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage106 Appendix 1 106 Appendix 1 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/06 8:31 AM Page 107 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/06 8:32 AM Page 108 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage109 nrvnubntlrne–poe nubnpr plctosbtsgetmxmzdsi space soil maximized suggest but applications park urban in to tolerance form. proven as – tree such provisional tolerance desired applications, considered urban in street be unproven urban availability should * for or and proven settings List entirely be urban Tree yet local extreme not the may to characteristics additions whose recent selections represent underlined trees Those red flowereffect. to soiltypes.Susceptibleablightthatcausesbrowningoftheleaves.Spectacularrose- 30-50 ft,rounded.Zone4-7.Prefersmoist,deep,well-drainedsoils,butiswidelyadaptable *Aesculus before leaves.Variablefallcolor. 20-25 ft,rounded.Zone4-8.Tolerantofacid,alkalineanddrysoils.Yellowflowersemerge truncatum Acer Opposite, trifoliateleaves. 20-30 ft,rounded.Zone4-8.Prefersmoist,acidic,welldrainedsoilsinsuntopartshade. triflorum Acer two specimensareexactlyalike.Reddishbrownexfoliatingbark.Brilliantredinfall. 20-30 ft,rounded.Zone4-8.Extremelytolerantofwell-drainedacidoralkalineclaysoils.No griseum Acer cold hardyandhighlyadaptablemaples.Variablefallcolor. 15-18 ft,rounded.Zone3-8.Excellenttolerancetodryandalkalinesoils.Oneofthemost ginnala Acer fall. drought. Relativelypest-free.Moderate-goodsoilsalttolerance.Yellowishleavesdroplatein 25-35 ft,rounded.Zone5a-8b.TolerateswiderangeofconditionsincludinghighsoilpHand campestre Acer red infall. temperatures. Exfoliatingbarkisquitestriking,coloringgray,orange,andbrown.Yellow 20-25 ft,rounded.Zone5-8.Withstandsdroughtandinfertilesoilsvarious buergerianum Acer COMMONNAMETIMEOFTRANSPLANTING: SCIENTIFIC NAME TREES SMALL x carnea EOMNE RA TETTREES STREET URBAN RECOMMENDED UTBENA VREDUIIYWRS(>10’) WIRES UTILITY OVERHEAD NEAR SUITABLE , IMNTN EAREA DE WILMINGTON, Shantung Maple Paperbark Maple Amur Maple Red Horsechestnut Hedge Maple Trident Maple Three-flower Maple Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Appendix 2 Spring orFall 109 Appendix 2 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage110 110 Appendix 2 nrvnubntlrne–poe nubnpr plctosbtsgetmxmzdsi space soil maximized suggest but applications park urban in to tolerance form. proven as – tree such provisional tolerance desired applications, considered urban in street be unproven urban availability should * for or and proven settings List entirely be urban Tree yet local extreme not the may to characteristics additions whose recent selections represent underlined trees Those full sunandisalsoagoodunderstorytree.Grayishbrownexfoliatingbark. 25-40 ft,pyramidaltorounded.Zone4-9.Toleratesdry,acidandhigherpHsoils.Prospers in virginiana Ostrya that unfurltowhiteflowers.Glossybrightredfruitpersistintowinter. 25 ft,rounded.Highlyresistant.Alternatingcyclesofheavyandlightflowering.Richredbuds Malus in moist,humidclimates.Developswatersprouts. 25-30 ft,pyramidal.Zone5-8.PinkishpurpleflowersopeninApril.Mildewcanbeaproblem Magnolia die offgreen.Summerwhite,pealikeflowerclusters. Amber-colored barkpeelswithageintolooseflakes.Leavesaremadeupof5-7leafletsand 20-30 ft,rounded.Zone4-7.Performsbestinloose,acidoralkaline,well-drainedsoils. amurensis Maackia Specify straighttrunkandgoodbranchstructureortagatnursery. Extremely fastgrowinginmoist,well-drainedsoils.Mid-summeryellowflowerclusters. 30-40 ft,rounded.Zone5b-9a.Toleratesdrought,heat,wind,alkalinesoilandsalt. paniculata Koelreuteria types includinghighsoilpH.Exfoliatingbarkingray,green,andorangishbrown. 20-30 ft,oval.Zone5a-9a.Whiteflowers,redpersistentfruit.Tolerantofwiderangesoil viridis Crataegus 20-30 ft,oval-rounded.Zone4-8.Scalygray-blackbark.Brilliantfallcolor,notwotreesalike. obovatus Cotinus later. Exfoliatingbarkingray,orangeandbrown. mas 20-25 ft,oval.Zone4-8.SimilartoCornus officianalis Cornus better thananydogwood.BrightyellowflowersinMarchandcherry-redfruitJuneJuly. 20-25 ft,oval-rounded.Zone4-8.ToleratesacidandhighpH,aswellheavyclaysoils, mas Cornus or claysoils.Prospersinsun,butwithstandspartshade.Earlysummerwhiteflowerclusters. 15-25 ft,rounded.Zone5-8.Extremelyeasytogrow.WithstandsacidorhighpH,sandyloam retusus Chionanthus intermittent droughtaswellhighpHsoil.Goodorange-redfallcolor. 25-35 ft,rounded,spreading.Zone3b-9a.Prefersshaded,moistsoilsbutwilltoleratesome caroliniana Carpinus Dnl ya’MalusCultivar ‘Donald Wyman’ ‘Winter King’ ‘Galaxy’ Hybrid Magnolia Amur Maackia American Smoketree Japanese CornelDogwood Corneliancherry Dogwood American Hophornbeam Panicled GoldenrainTree Winter KingHawthorn Chinese Fringetree American Hornbeam , althoughitflowersearlierandthefruitripen Spring Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring Spring Spring Spring orFall Spring 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage111 nrvnubntlrne–poe nubnpr plctosbtsgetmxmzdsi space soil maximized suggest but applications park urban in to tolerance form. proven as – tree such provisional tolerance desired applications, considered urban in street be unproven urban availability should * for or and proven settings List entirely be urban Tree yet local extreme not the may to characteristics additions whose recent selections represent underlined trees Those where fewtreeswillprosper. Susceptible tonipplegallonleaves,powderymildewandleafspots.Reasonablechoice 40-60 ft,upright.Zone3-9.Tolerateslightshade,widerangeofsoils,saltandpollution. occidentalis Celtis salt andpollution.Lemonyellowleavesinfall.Selectstraighttrunkedtrees. 40-50 ft,upright.Zone5-9.Toleratesfullsunorlightshade,wettodrysites,compaction, laevigata Celtis Intolerant ofsoilsalt.Pest-free.‘Fastigiata’grows30-40ft. 40-60 ft,pyramidal-oval.Zone5a-7a.Toleratesdrought,heavysoilandwidepHrange. betulus Carpinus greater resistancetoleafspot. birch borer.Exfoliatingpinkishwhitebark.‘Heritage’hassuperiorvigor,largerleavesand 40-70 ft,oval.Zone4a-9a.Prefersacid,moistsoils-butadaptable.Resistanttobronze nigra Betula color. ‘Legacy’isreportedasthetoughestofcultivars. 60-80 ft,oval.Sensitivetoroadsalt,heat,compactionanddrought.Brilliantvariablefall saccharum Acer color areavailable.Colorfultreeyearround. ‘own rooted’,asgraftincompatibilitycanbeaproblem.Superiorcultivarsforformandfall used withcautiononlyinsiteslittleenvironmentalstress.Treeshouldbespecifiedas 40-70 ft.Zone3b-9a.Acid,moistsoilsanecessity.Sensitivetosaltanddrought.Shouldbe rubrum Acer TREES, LARGE TO MEDIUM Relatively pest-free. 20-30 ft,ovaltorounded.Zone3a-7b.Summerwhiteflowerclusters.Transplantsreadily. reticulata Syringa spring. Oneofthelongestlivedfloweringcherries. 20-40 ft,uprighttorounded.Zone4-8.Tolerantofheat.Pinkishwhiteflowersinfalland subhirtella Prunus flowers appearbeforetheleaves.Bronzyredfallcolor. 20-30 ft,vase-shapedtorounded.Zone5-8.Excellentheatandcoldtolerance.Richpink Prunus ‘Fastigiata’ ‘Heritage’ x incam ‘Legacy’ ‘Green Mountain’ ‘Okame’ Atmai’ FloweringCherry ‘Autumnalis’ O UTBENA VREDUTILITIES OVERHEAD NEAR NOT SUITABLE Sugar Maple Okame Cherry Sugar Hackberry European Hornbeam River Birch Red Maple Japanese TreeLilac Common HackberrySpring Common Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring Spring Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring 111 Appendix 2 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage112 112 Appendix 2 nrvnubntlrne–poe nubnpr plctosbtsgetmxmzdsi space soil maximized suggest but applications park urban in to tolerance form. proven as – tree such provisional tolerance desired applications, considered urban in street be unproven urban availability should * for or and proven settings List entirely be urban Tree yet local extreme not the may to characteristics additions whose recent selections represent underlined trees Those giving ityear-roundinterest. shape, conelikefruit,andtulip-shapedflowersmakethistreeeasilyidentifiableaswell 70-90 ft,oval-rounded.Zone4-9.Requireslargearea.Susceptibletodrought.Uniqueleaf tulipifera *Liriodendron a purple-burgundyfallcolorandisreportedlyseedless. pH soils.Northernseedsourcerecommended.Brilliantvariablefallcolor.‘Rotundiloba’has 50-75 ft,pyramidaltooval.Zone5b-9a.Bestonmoist,sunnysites,doesnottoleratehigh styraciflua Liquidambar grows wellunderneath.Distinctivecurledridgesongraybrownbark.Yellowfallcolor. 50-75 ft,irregularoval.Zone4-8.Toleratesdrought,alkalinesoilandsalt.Pest-free.Grass dioica Gymnocladus Produces 7-8”longpods,lessoncertaincultivars.Richgoldenyellowfallcolor. 30-70 ft,broadoval.Zone4-9.Veryadaptabletosoils,anddisplaysexcellentsalttolerance. triacanthos Gleditsia high soilpH,saltanddrought.Pest-free.Uniquefan-shapedleaves.Yellowfallcolor. 50-80ft,variableandirregular.Zone4b-8b.Narrowuprightcultivarsavailable.Tolerates biloba Ginkgo and highpHenvironments.Maycontractborerscale.Yellowfallcolor. 40-60 ft,ovaltorounded.Zone3-9.Excellenttoleranceofheatandcold,wetdrysoils, pennsylvanica Fraxinus area. and borercanbeproblems.Sensitivetodrought.Splendidlargeshadetree.Requires 50-80 ft,oval.Zone3-9.Performsbestindeep,moist,well-drainedsoilsofvaryingpH.Scale americana Fraxinus displays excellentdroughttolerance.Lacklusteryellowtopurpleinfall.Exfoliatingbark. 40-60 ft,pyramidaltooval.Zone4-7.Growsinvarietyofsoilsand,onceestablished, colurna Corylus soils. Earlysummercream-coloredflowerclusters. 30-50 ft,broad-rounded.Zone4-8.BestgrowthoccursinhighpHsoils,butadaptstolow kentukea *Cladrastis Relatively pest-free.Prefersfullsunandrich,moistsoil.Yellowtoapricot-orangeinfall. 40-60 ft,pyramidaltoglobose.Zone5a-9a.Suffersfromdroughtandcompactedsoils. japonicum Cercidiphyllum ‘Rotundiloba’ ml)Ginkgo (male) var.inermis Thornless CommonHoneylocust Tulip Tree Sweetgum Kentucky Coffeetree Green Ash White Ash Turkish Filbert Katsura Tree American Yellowwood Spring orFall Spring Spring Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring orFall 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage113 nrvnubntlrne–poe nubnpr plctosbtsgetmxmzdsi space soil maximized suggest but applications park urban in to tolerance form. proven as – tree such provisional tolerance desired applications, considered urban in street be unproven urban availability should * for or and proven settings List entirely be urban Tree yet local extreme not the may to characteristics additions whose recent selections represent underlined trees Those Red togoldenbrownfallcolor. 60-80 ft,rounded.Zone3b-9a.Toleratesurbanconditionsalongstreetswithheavytraffic. rubra Quercus flooding anddrysoils.Yellow-browntoredfallcolor. 55-75 ft,pyramidaltooval.Zone6a-9a.Prefersacidsoilandfullsun.Withstandstemporary phellos Quercus fall color. of limestone,andfullsun.Salttoleranceismoderate.Toleratesintermittentdrought.Red 50-70 ft,pyramidaltooval.Zone5a-8b.Toleratesawiderangeofsoils.Prefersacidsoil free palustris Quercus (not lobed).Toleratescityconditions.Variablefallcolor. 40-65 ft,pyramidaltorounded.Zone4-7.Leavespersistintowinterandareatypicalofoaks Platanus color. branches needtoberemovedforstreetsideuse.Requireslargearea.Orangishbrownfall 65-90 ft,pyramidal.Zone5b-9a.Deciduousconifer.Prefersfullsunandacidsoil.Lower glyptostroboides Metasequoia 30-50 ft,pyramidal.Large,intenseyellowflowersareproducedwiththeleaves. Magnolia uru imbricaria *Quercus Tolerates drought,saltandsoilcompactioninurbanenvironments. 50-80 ft,pyramidaltorounded.Zone3-8.Easiertransplantthanotherwhiteoaks. bicolor Quercus than mostoaks. dry soils.Reasonablypest-free.Transplantsmorereadilyandissuitedtosmallerspaces 40-50 ft,pyramidaltobroadrounded.Zone5bor6a-9a.Toleratescityconditions,including acutissima Quercus spring, followedbypurple-blackfruitinsummer.Bronze-redfallcolor. streetside use.Preferswell-drainedacidsoilandfullsun.Pinkflowersopenbeforeleavesin 20-35 ft,vase-shaped.Zone5a-9a.‘Columnaris’isconsideredoneofthebestcherriesfor sargentii Prunus color. Resistant toanthracnose.Requireslargearea.Cream-olive-coloredbark.Yellow-brownfall 70-90 ft,broadoval.Zone5b-9a.Toleratescompactedsoils,drought,saltandvaryingpH. ‘Yellow Bird’ ‘Columnaris’ x x acerifolia brooklynensis Shingle Oak Hybrid Magnolia Northern RedOak Willow Oak Pin Oak Dawn Redwood Swamp WhiteOak Sawtooth Oak Sargent Cherry London Planetree Spring Spring orFall Spring Spring Spring orFall Spring orFall Spring Spring Spring Spring orFall 113 Appendix 2 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage114 Appendix 3 114 Appendix 3 n 0 hudb ag hvn imtr f2”o rae) h urn ai o rnyieValley Brandywine for ratio current The 24”), and greater). 7” or between 33-45-22. 25” diameters (having is of diameters medium Byway should (having Scenic be trees large should of be 60% 20% should less), where 20% or 20-60-20, and 6” Delaware to Wilmington, of close of diameters fall City (having should small the inventory be for an Plan for Management distribution and size typical Inventory (2002), Tree Street The in suggested As high total a the with of species 9% hundred and one trees. 11% over healthy 20%, relatively of large, at diversity even of broad percentage but a species exist desirable does dominant there the respectively, population are Plane London and Maple Oak, considered were many map. as the documented on were groupings way tree undesirable of right as private identified the to are trees, within trees street and all municipal undesirable from or Not on invasive range buffer They trees. foot park one-hundred Byway. public a to Scenic within trees, Valley trees Brandywine measured the of of inventory side an either represent maps and lists following The 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 for BrandywineValley ScenicByway Tree SpeciesDistributionandCondition Tree andMaps Inventory ML E LARGE MED SMALL IEADCNIINDISTRIBUTION CONDITION SIZE AND RESEISDISTRIBUTION SPECIES TREE CORNUS JUNIPERUS FRAXINUS GLEDITSIA MALUS SYRINGA GINKGO LARIX CRATAEGUS VACANT CUPRESSOCYPARIS PYRUS ZELKOVA PRUNUS PINUS TILIA PLATANUS OTHER ACER QUERCUS Good Fair Poor Dead 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage115 otn ag repue otn ml repue swl stann rn o re esta i nhsin inches six than less trees includes for prune prune Routine training as diameter. well in as more prune, or tree inches prune diameter. small Priority two routine limbs prune, reasons. dead tree aesthetic or large for broken routine removal have necessitate an that that are trees trees that to as trees refers well to as refers risk, removal potential Priority or immediate 2005. May-July collected data requirement Maintenance 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 ml eimLarge Medium Small IEADMAINTENANCESIZE AND DISTRIBUTION otn Prune Routine Prune Priority Removal Priority 115 Appendix 3 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/06 10:15 AM Page 117 117 Appendix 2 118 Appendix 2 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage119

Significant Trees on the Brandywine Scenic Byway

Significant trees are particularly beneficial to the environment because they offer shade, wind reduction, noise abatement, pollution abatement, wildlife habitat and natural beauty at a level geometrically proportionate to size. Mature trees, over twenty-four inches, have twenty to fifty times greater pollution mitigation capacity than young or small ornamental scale trees (Nowak, 1994) [Atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction by Chicago’s urban forest. In: McPherson et al (eds.) Chicago’s Urban Forest: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. USDA Forest Service GTR-NE-186]. This list represents the extensive number of large trees that are champions or potential champions on the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway. Over 22% of all the measured trees on the byway were greater than 24 inches and classified as large trees. Champion trees are scored according to their circumference (CBH), height (HT) and average crown spread (CRWN). One point is given for each inch of circumference, one point for each foot of height, and one point for each four feet of crown spread. They are classified within their individual species according to the total score.

Location Street Spp Notes Large Tree Champ Score Of Spp B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Aesculus hippocastanum Potential:Cbh 97;Ht 55;Crwn 47 164 215 B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Carya cordiformis Champ:Cbh 102,Ht 87,Crwn 70 207 238 B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Cedrus libani Champ:Cbh 138,Ht 60,Crwn 71 216 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Cornus florida Potential:Cbh 69;Ht 30;Crwn 44 110 95 B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Fagus sylvatica Potential:Cbh 158;Ht 96;Crwn 85 275 305 B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Franklinia alatamaha Potential:Cbh 25 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Liquidambar styraciflua Champ:Cbh 126,Ht 85,Crwn 92 234 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Magnolia acuminata Potential:Cbh 135;Ht 80;Crwn 75 234 311 B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Pinus strobus Champ:Cbh 137,Ht 115,Crwn 80 272 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Quercus palustris Champ:Cbh 148,Ht 98,Crwn 98 271 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Quercus velutina Champ:Cbh 208;Ht 141;Crwn 54 363 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Sassafras albidum Champ:Cbh 152,Ht 55,Crwn 41 217 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Thuja occidentalis Champ:Cbh 63;Ht 69;Crwn 15 136 *** B&W Cemetery Delaware Ave Tsuga candensis Champ:Cbh 108,Ht 86,Crwn 61 209 *** Red Oak Rd Quercus alba Potential:Cbh 174;Ht 70;Crwn116 273 389 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Aesculus hippocastanum Potential:Cbh 96;Ht 89;Crwn 60 200 215 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Fagus grandifolia Potential:Cbh 195;Ht 78;Crwn 81 293 355 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Gymnocladus dioicus Potential:Cbh 104;Ht 89;Crwn 54 207 247 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Gymnocladus dioicus Potential:Cbh 104;Ht 100;Crwn 48 216 247 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Quercus macrocarpa Potential:Cbh 104;Ht 61;Crwn 60 180 209 Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Quercus palustris Potential:Cbh 130;Ht 100;Crwn 85 251 274 119 Appendix 3 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage120 120 Appendix 3

Location Street Spp Notes Large Tree Champ Score Of Spp Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Quercus palustris Potential:Cbh 150;Ht 85;Crwn 78;Highest 255 274 Cbh Gibraltar Greenhill Ave Quercus phellos Potential:Cbh 152;Ht 98;Crwn 73 268 364 Ud Goodstay Pennsylvania Ave Quercus rubra Potential:Cbh 134;Ht 97;Crwn 83 252 306 Ud Goodstay Pennsylvania Ave Ulmus glabra Potential:Cbh 179;Ht 98;Crwn 69 294 *** Tower Hill School Kennett Pike Aesculus hippocastanum Potential:Cbh 113;Ht 58;Crwn 60;Highest 186 215 Cbh Kennett Pike Magnolia acuminata Potential:Cbh 173;Ht 96, Crwn 58 284 311 Winterthur Kennett Pike Sophora japonica Potential:Cbh 162;Ht 65;Crwn 69 244 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Asimina triloba Champ:Cbh 25;Ht 27;Crwn 11 65 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Betula lenta Champ:Cbh 57;Ht 52;Crwn 25 115 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Cornus controversa Champ:Cbh 74;Ht 43;Crwn 32 125 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Juglans nigra Champ:Cbh 132;Ht 110;Crwn 33 250 316 Winterthur Kennett Pike Liriodendron tulipifera Champ:Cbh 223;Ht 151;Crwn 60 389 410 Winterthur Kennett Pike Liriodendron tulipifera Champ:Cbh 207;Ht 187;Crwn 63 410 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Metasequoia glyptostroboides Champ:Cbh 179;Ht 99;Crwn 33 285 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Picea abies Champ:Cbh 93;Ht 101;Crwn 28 201 203 Winterthur Kennett Pike Pinus wallichina Champ:Cbh 165;Ht 80;Crwn 38 255 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Platanus acerifolia Champ:Cbh 217;Ht 95;Crwn 93 330 *** Winterthur Kennett Pike Robinia pseudoacacia Champ:Cbh 143;Ht 90;Crwn 22 239 256 Wilm. Country Club Kennett Pike Aesculus hippocastanum Champ:Cbh 135,Ht 64;Crwn 35 208 215 Wilm. Country Club Kennett Pike Magnolia acuminata Champ:Cbh 163;Ht 94;Crwn 65 273 311 Wilm. Country Club Kennett Pike Picea pungens Champ:Cbh 71;Ht 60;Crwn 22 137 *** Wilm. Country Club Kennett Pike Prunus serotina Champ:Cbh 228;Ht 80;Crwn 29 315 *** Methodist Country Kennett Pike Acer saccharum Potential:Cbh 180;Ht 79;Crwn 110 287 286 Home Carpenter/Lippencott Kennett Pike Acer platanoides Champ:Cbh 175;Ht 68;Crwn 76 262 *** House- Centerville Carpenter/Lippencott Kennett Pike Tilia americana Champ:Cbh 139;Ht 90; Crwn 46 238 323 House- Centerville Carpenter/Lippencott Kennett Pike Tilia americana Champ:Cbh 133;Ht 101;Crwn 58 249 323 House- Centerville Kennett Pike Fraxinus pennsylvanica Potential:Cbh 141;Ht 94;Crwn 53 248 303 Winterthur Montchanin Rd Liriodendron tulipifera Potential:Cbh 248;Ht 141;Crwn 81 409 410 Winterthur Montchanin Rd Nyssa sylvatica Potential:Cbh 110;Ht 80;Crwn 42 201 280 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage121

Location Street Spp Notes Large Tree Champ Score Of Spp Winterthur Montchanin Rd Quercus alba Potential:Cbh 170;Ht 124;Crwn 64 310 389 Montchanin Rd Quercus palistrus Potential:Cbh 129 274 Montchanin Rd Quercus palustris Potential:Cbh 129 274 Montchanin Rd Quercus palustris Potential:Cbh 132 274 Hagley Buck Rd Acer negundo Champ:Cbh 128;Ht 45;Crwn 50 186 254 Hagley Buck Rd Acer saccharum Champ:Cbh 148;Ht 119;Crwn 77 286 *** Hagley Buck Rd Aesculus octrandra Champ:Cbh 124;Ht 100;Crwn 66 241 *** Hagley Buck Rd Aesculus x dupontii Champ:Cbh 134;Ht 79;Crwn 53 226 *** Hagley Buck Rd Asimina triloba Champ:Cbh 20;Ht 35;Crwn 23 61 65 Hagley Buck Rd Carpinus caroliniana Champ:Cbh 33;Ht 28;Crwn 25 67 104 Hagley Buck Rd Carya cordiformis Champ:Cbh 95;Ht 106;Crwn 55 215 238 Hagley Buck Rd Catalpa bignonioides Champ:Cbh 97;Ht 53;Crwn 32 158 *** Hagley Buck Rd Cercis canadensis Champ:Cbh 60;Ht 42;Crwn 27 109 *** Hagley Buck Rd Cornus florida Champ:Cbh 39;Ht 25;Crwn 45 75 95 Hagley Buck Rd Fraxinus americana Champ:Cbh 165;Ht 156;Crwn 86 343 *** Hagley Buck Rd Fraxinus pennsylvanica Champ:Cbh 147;Ht 118;Crwn 58 279 303 Hagley Buck Rd Fraxinus pennsylvanica Champ:Cbh 146;Ht 135;Crwn 87 303 *** Hagley Buck Rd Juglans cinerea Champ:Cbh 58;Ht 60;Crwn 54 132 222 Hagley Buck Rd Maclura pomifera Champ:Cbh 284;Ht 81;Crwn 86 387 *** Hagley Buck Rd Magnolia soulangeana Champ:Cbh 57;Ht 31;Crwn 30 96 *** Hagley Buck Rd Magnolia tripetala Champ:Cbh 67;Ht 46;Crwn 28 120 *** Hagley Buck Rd Picea abies Champ:Cbh 99;Ht 95;Crwn 33 202 203 Hagley Buck Rd Pinus nigra Champ:Cbh 50;Ht 42;Crwn 19 97 165 Hagley Buck Rd Prunus avium Champ:Cbh 102;Ht 75;Crwn 48 189 230 Hagley Buck Rd Quercus macrocarpa Champ:Cbh 92;Ht 83;Crwn 36 184 209 Hagley Buck Rd Quercus marilandica Champ:Cbh 38;Ht 80;Crwn 19 123 *** Hagley Buck Rd Robinia pseudoacacia Champ:Cbh 102;Ht 109;Crwn 39 221 256 Hagley Buck Rd Salix nigra Champ:Cbh 26;Ht 20;Crwn 17 50 *** Hagley Buck Rd Sequoiadendron giganteum Champ:Cbh 145;Ht 69;Crwn 39 224 *** Hagley Buck Rd Ulmus rubra Champ:Cbh 93;Ht 91;Crwn 28 191 *** 121 Appendix 3 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage122 Appendix 4 122 Appendix 4 lt 4 oberwo re ln rehl vnea enyvnaAvenue Pennsylvania at Avenue Greenhill along trees of 2004 row Pike, Double Kennett 1919 on ca. hedge Pike, Roadside Road Kennett Berkley on over hedge Roadside canopy tree Plane 048 2004 Plate London Hills, Westover 1930s of 047 photo ca. Church Plate Hills, Aerial Joseph’s Westover St. of 046 at photo Plate Aerial cemetery 1919 at Church ca. 045 hedge Joseph’s Pike, Plate St. cypress Kennett property at Leyland School of 044 cemetery Hill Plate Detail at line Tower hedge utility on cypress 043 for Coffin Plate Leyland treated Marion retardant by 042 wall growth Plate Stone and pruned 041 trees Plate Plane London conflict Avenue line 040 Plate Pennsylvania trees tree/utility street roadside Avenue Center 039 Lane Plate Pennsylvania Goodstay Sun Delaware Rising of at northward Greenville University Avenue from Pike Pennsylvania Kennett 038 of of Plate view overpass Aerial pedestrian 037 Hill Plate Delaware Tower Gibraltar of at 036 University wall Avenue Plate from Stone Pennsylvania across on Avenue 035 Devon Plate Pennsylvania The overhanging of trees 034 front Avenue Plate Canopy in Pennsylvania trees crossing street 033 Parkway Plate Gingko Avenue Bancroft of Pennsylvania at view Aerial trees oak 032 Parkway Plate Bancroft Avenue Avenue Pennsylvania Pennsylvania at 031 overpass on Plate railroad lot CSX car 030 new level Avenue Plate Typical ground Pennsylvania from Street yard on Clayton 029 front dealers at Plate Avenue in auto Pennsylvania ailanthus of view Street, 028 Plate Aerial Rodney Broom at level and 027 Avenue ground Avenue Plate Pennsylvania from Pennsylvania Plaza of Park 026 intersection Plate Columbus at Plaza 025 Park Plate Columbus of 024 view Plate Aerial Plaza Fountain Apartments at 023 Court berms Plate gates Rodney Theater Ivy-covered Cemetery at Children’s Wilmington entry the and at Brandywine Semi-circular the intersection at 022 Avenue Lebanon Plate Delaware Lebanon of of Cedar Cedar of and 021 photo gates Plate Cemetery 2004 Wilmington and of Brandywine 020 front of Plate in photo Historical median Avenue Delaware 019 and Plate Cemetery Wilmington and Brandywine 018 Church of Plaza Plate view Trinity Aerial Pont of du photo B. 017 Plate Historical H. at opportunity Planting 016 Plate level ground 11 from ( 015 at phlox Plaza Plate plaza Summer Pont Pont du du 014 B. B. Plate H. 11 H. at of 013 view medians Plate Aerial triangle of photo 012 11 Plate Historical on conditions Square 011 pit Rodney Plate Tree at conditions 010 Square pit Plate Tree Rodney of 009 postcard Plate Historical 2003 winter 008 Square Square, Plate Rodney Rodney of Plaza Pont postcard 007 du Plate Historical B. H. 006 of Plate Aerial Square 005 Rodney Wilmington Plate of into Aerial leading 004 Avenue Plate Pennsylvania 003 Plate property Winterthur Road Berkley of tree-lined intersection view plane 002 100/92 Aerial London Plate Route of view 001 Aerial Plate intro2 Plate intro1 Plate Cover clearance Center Goodstay Street Church Trinity Chrysanthemum Plate Descriptions ho paniculata Phlox SefedPink’ ‘Sheffield th Street Rbr Poore’) ‘Robert th ,12 th ,12 th n ahntnStreets Washington and th n ahntnStreets Washington and 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/068:32AMPage123 lt 6 itrhrett meadow estate Winterthur Winterthur at hedge today orange and Osage 1919 ca. gate, entrance Winterthur Pike Kennett 066 along 1919 Plate hedge plants ca. Forsythia Winterthur, invasive through 065 by Pike Plate obliterated Kennett Center roadside Greenville Pike 064 at Plate Kennett 2004 loss blocked, tree viewshed 063 elm lakes Plate of Twin fields after athletic 062 and Plate School Before High Village Greenville Pont 061 in conflict du Plate line/tree I. Utility A. Village of 060 Greenville Plate Aerial in safely 059 walking Village Plate Pedestrian Greenville in crosswalk 058 Village Plate Patterned Greenville in Village 057 curb Greenville Plate Granite in planting 056 median Plate Traffic Center 055 Greenville Center Plate Approaching Greenville Pike of 054 Kennett view Plate of Aerial section Pike 053 deciduous Kennett Plate Enclosed and 141 Route 052 at Plate Interchange 051 Plate 050 Plate 049 Plate lt 0 evl-rfikditreto fRue9 ihMncai oda dm Dam station Adams train Winterthur at and intersection Road Dam Montchanin Adams of with view 92 within Route oaks White of 2004 intersection Road, right-of-way Heavily-trafficked disturbed Montchanin its on and railroad crossing Northern and level Wilmington grade 2004 using 104 Road, Plate Train Montchanin on Road crossing 103 Montchanin level Plate Grade on crossing railroad overpass 102 1900s Plate railroad Early Dam Northern Adams 101 and at Plate Wilmington Road Montchanin environmental 100 with and closeup Plate 92 Cattail visual Route for of 099 opportunities Plate Intersection are there 098 where speed Plate Road moderate Montchanin curves of where 097 Plate Section Road Montchanin of 096 Plate Section intersection Road Meeting Center intersection near Road 095 farm Road Meeting Plate Working Meeting Center Center of 094 of view Plate north Aerial SectionofMontchaninRoadwithlittletonoshoulder Road Montchanin intersection intersection on Plate093 Road Road encroachment Meeting Meeting plant 092 Center Center Plate Invasive near of farm south railroad working 091 Northern Road and Plate Picturesque Wilmington Montachanin the of on view station train Aerial Winterthur Former Centreville the 090 from of line Plate view north 1919 state Aerial ca. departing near House, 089 Maple Pike Line Plate Sugar Kennett the Centreville near along to line 088 plane state gateway Plate London the north from at south banks 087 Pike Plate roadside Kennett on Centreville 086 plants of Plate north Invasive landscape 085 pastoral Village Plate Open Centreville in 084 median Village Plate Gateway Centreville Village in Centreville 083 median in Plate Gateway planter calming 082 traffic Village Plate maples Temporary Centreville Norway in with 081 median Plate overgrown Gateway roadside Village 080 Village Plate Centreville Centreville of 079 photo Village Plate Historic Centreville of Village 078 view Centreville Plate Aerial in park 077 grove cemeteryPlate Canby Church Presbyterian Brandywine Lower pike 076 of Kennett Plate view roadsides Aerial on Pike House 075 Kennett Plate on Jefferis-Carpenter-Lippincott plants Pike 074 invasive Kennett Plate Controlling Lindens cemetery on Nield’s church tree Percy 073 Presbyterian roadside Plate Judge a Brandywine as Lower 072 birch the Plate River at trees 071 cherry Pike Plate Weeping Kennett on 070 barn Plate Historic 069 Plate 068 Plate 067 Plate enhancements intersection 123 Appendix 4 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/06 8:32 AM Page 124

Plate 105 Historical stone wall around Brandywine Creek State Park adjacent to Route 92 Plate 106 Shoulder of Montchanin Road / Route 92 intersection within view of Adams Dam Plate 107 Aerial view of rubble mound at Montchanin Road and Adam’s Dam Road intersection Plate 108 Aerial of Village of Montchanin along Route 100 Plate 109 Early photo, ca. 1870, of DuPont’s Lane, now Buck Road Plate 110 Entrance to Stoney Run development from Montchanin Road Plate 111 Montchanin Road with dense evergreen screen on left Plate 112 Montchanin Road with limbed up deciduous trees Appendix 4 124

19 The City of Wilmington

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Character segment 2 Delaware Avenue Corridor – Jefferson Street to Harrison Street

Description: The Delaware Avenue corridor, which crosses I95, is a transitional space between center city and the more typically residential Lower Pennsylvania Avenue segment. A combination of historic buildings with generous lawn spaces, the Brandywine and Wilmington Cemetery, Fountain Plaza Park, and multiple traffic islands contain landscape plantings.

Analysis: There are many opportunities to increase tree canopy and other plantings in this segment both by using city land and in partnerships with private landowners. At Trinity Church, newly planted street trees shown in this historic photograph (Plate 015) are now complimented by additional trees on church property and in the center median of Delaware avenue, as shown in Plate 016.

Public cemeteries are the earliest form of civic landscapes and historically provide safe harbor for old trees. Plate 017 shows one of Delaware’s State Champion trees—a Cedar of Lebanon brought from Palestine in 1830 by James Canet. Two other state champions—a sassafras and a black oak—survive in the cemetery. Today, cemeteries continue to provide opportunities for planting large canopy trees in the city. Even though these trees are growing on private land, the city should regard

Plate 017 Early photo of Cedar of Lebanon in Brandywine and Wilmington Cemetery The City of Wilmington 25 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:14 PM Page 26

Plate 018 Same Cedar of Lebanon, 2004

them as valuable resources and should play an active role in their stewardship. This may mean providing assistance for their maintenance and replacement (Plate 018). Delaware Children’s Theatre is an example of existing open space housing trees that are critical to the tree canopy of Delaware. This intersection of Jackson Street and Delaware Avenue is an extreme example of the conflict between vehicular and pedestrian traffic (Plate 019). Patrons of the Delaware Children’s Theatre must park on the north side of Delaware Avenue and cross Delaware Avenue—an unfriendly environment for pedestrians—to enter the theatre. The Rodney Court Apartment design with its circular drive allows room for plantings off the immediate streetscape (Plate 020). Fountain Plaza, while having a pleasingly strong design with its evergreen forms, sculptural simplicity supplemented by the Charles Park Statue, and sense of enclosure, suffers from a dramatic lack of use. The poor pedestrian access and a slightly claustrophobic sense induced by the continuous ivy-covered berms add to the uninvit- ing feel of this space (Plate 021, page 29). The tentative proposal for transportation improvements known as Delaware Avenue Gateway Phase II includes transit, pedestrian and environmental enhancements between Jefferson and Harrison Streets. Portions of this project would make a model landscape demonstration project for the city section of the byway, potentially funded through federal transportation enhancement sources or department of transportation capital improvements budget. Improvements to the Children’s Theatre intersection as described above, the adjacent parking lot as illustrated in the previous segment, and enhancement of Fountain Plaza and Columbus Park Plaza, as illustrated and described below, should be incorporated and encouraged as part of the Gateway improvements resulting in a holistic enhancement of the immediate area. The City of Wilmington 26 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:15PMPage27 Plate 020 Rodney Court Apartments Plate 020Rodney Court Plate 019Delaware Avenue atChildren’s intersection Theater 27 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:15 PM Page 28

Recommendations: • Provide adequate root space in sidewalk designs to accommodate and sustain large, long-lived trees on city or byway rights-of-way. • Pursue cooperative arrangements with adjacent landowners to plant and maintain trees that will increase the overall tree canopy in the city. • Use crosswalks, landscaped medians and other traffic calming devices to create a pedestrian-friendly, aesthetically enhanced environment. • Solutions for pedestrian safety and traffic calming currently included in the Delaware Children’s Theatre portion of the Delaware Avenue Gateway Initiative proposal should be expanded to include green space improvements as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 and given high priority as a Transportation Enhancement project. • Provide greater pedestrian access and incentive for community use of Fountain Plaza. Consider berm reduction in selected areas avoiding damage to existing tree roots. Strategically remove ivy to provide a more inviting frontage at pedestrian access points and greater perceived security and pleasure for sitting areas. Provide topographic relief and maintain perceived enclosure by planting flowering shrubs (such as Kerria japonica, Duetzia gracilis ‘Nikko’or Spirea sp.) and perennials such as (Geranium ‘Biokovo’ and ‘Biokovo Karmina’ in semicir- cular sweeps that expand on the sculptural simplicity of the existing serpentine pattern as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The City of Wilmington 28 Plate 021Fountain Plaza 29 The City of Wilmington

Geranium ‘Biokovo’ 33 The City of Wilmington 34 The City of Wilmington lt 2 Pnslai vneadBomSre,ColumbusPark Plaza Plate 022 Pennsylvania Avenue andBroom Street, ships with private landowners. ships withprivatelandowners. toincreasetreecanopy andotherplantingsthroughpartner- there areopportunities to treeplantingsonpublicrights-of-way. AsintheDelaware Avenue segment, Corridor Analysis: complexes. single-family unitsandapartment Description: Character segment3 With the exception of the Columbus Park Plaza, there is little opportunity toadd thereislittleopportunity With theexceptionofColumbusPark Plaza, both This segmentischaracterizedby anumberofchurchesandresidences, Harrison StreettoClaytonHarrison Street Lower Pennsylvania Avenue – 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 3

Scenic Stewardship: A Plan to Preserve and Enhance the Landscape of the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway

Regional Landscape Enhancement Susan Barton Rick Darke Gary Schwetz For Delaware Greenways

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Acknowledgements

This landscape management plan for the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway is a project of Regional Landscape Enhancement (RLE) in collaboration with the Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware Greenways, and the Delaware Center for Horticulture. Technical support was provided by the Historical Society of Delaware and Lardner Klein & Associates.

The project was made possible by funding from the U. S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Scenic Byway Grant program.

Authors: Susan Barton, Rick Darke, and Gary Schwetz – principals of Regional Landscape Enhancement, www.regionalandscape.org Graphic Design by: Carrie Finnie

Also contributing: Gail Van Gilder, Delaware Greenways Jim Klein, Lardner Klein & Associates Valerie Moseley, Lardner Klein & Associates Tim Mullins, Historical Society of Delaware Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway Advisory Committee Lauren Schwetz, Delaware Center for Horticulture

Copyright statement Text copyright Delaware Greenways Photography by Rick Darke and Gary Schwetz Historical photographs provided by Historical Society of Delaware and Hagley Museum and Library. Acknowledgements 4 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 5

Contents

6 Introduction

10 City of Wilmington

13 Character segment 1 – Eleventh Street Corridor

25 Character segment 2 – Delaware Avenue Corridor

34 Character segment 3 – Lower Pennsylvania Avenue

38 Character segment 4 – Union Park

46 Character segment 5 – Wawaset Park and Rockford Park

48 Kennett Pike (Route 52)

50 Character segment 6 – University of Delaware Goodstay Center

62 Character segment 7 – Greenville

67 Character segment 8 – Winterthur

75 Character segment 9 – Lower Brandywine Presbyterian Church

78 Character segment 10 – Centreville

85 Character segment 11 – North of Centreville

88 Montchanin Road (Route 100)

90 Character segment 12 – State Line to Center Meeting Road

92 Character segment 13 – Center Meeting Road to Guyencourt Road

96 Character segment 14 – Brandywine Cereek State Park

103 Character segment 15 – Village of Montchanin

106 Appendix 1 – Structural Soil Specifications

109 Appendix 2 – City of Wilmington Recommended Street Tree List

114 Appendix 3 – Brandywine Scenic Byway Tree Inventory

121 Appendix 4 – List of Plates Contents 5 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 6

Introduction

For the first time in the state of Delaware, with the support of an FHWA National Scenic Byway grant, Delaware Greenways, the Delaware Department of Transportation and their partners have been able to inventory and make recommendations for the management of a state scenic byway roadside landscape, the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway. This byway is composed of two parallel roadways, Route 52 (Kennett Pike) and Route 100 (Montchanin Road), beginning in the City of Wilmington and extending to the Pennsylvania state line. This Landscape Management Plan constitutes the management goals and recommendations necessary to recognize and preserve the unique character that defines the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway. Route 52 (Kennett Pike), the main spine of the byway, developed from the early days of the Brandywine Valley as a utilitarian road--an efficient toll road connecting the City of Wilmington with points north through the surrounding working-agricultural landscape. Route 100 (Montchanin Road) is the back country byway, a narrow mean- dering roadway following the course of the Brandywine River, and remaining largely unchanged over the years, especially north of Route 92.

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The vision of Kennett Pike as a beautiful highway begins early in the twentieth century with Pierre du Pont. Prior to Pierre’s extensive modernization efforts, Henry Algernon du Pont originally rebuilt the roadway to facilitate the transport of goods into the city of Wilmington from surrounding farms. In June 1919, Every Evening told its Wilmington readership that Pierre du Pont “will make the Old Kennett Pike a thing of beauty, a highway that will be a priceless gift to the public for all time.” It was the comprehensive land acquisition and highway modernization project, completed by Mr. du Pont, that created the straight and broad roadway we see today. The look of the byway has dramatically evolved from a largely working-agricultural landscape mixed with scattered forest and wetland remnants to a landscape of country estates and cultural institutions. The cultural institutions have become regional and international tourist destinations. The evolving vision of this corridor was strongly impacted by the horticultural heritage of these institutions and their caretakers, resulting in extensively refurbished landscapes, augmenting local and regional vegetation with the ornamental planting palette of the period. Kennett Pike includes great avenues of trees and grand vistas into open spaces, and it is the combination of these features that makes the byway so appealing and regionally unique.

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The landscape management plan recognizes Mr. du Pont’s early 20th century efforts to transform Kennett Pike, and how those early efforts evolved into a sophisticated historic and cultural landscape that includes Montchanin Road and forms the backbone of today’s vision for the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway. Today’s civic-minded stakeholders who enjoy the historic and cultural landscapes along Kennett Pike and Montchanin Road are making great strides in their efforts to shape the Byway in a manner that will preserve the essential qualities of this significant historic and cultural landscape while ensuring that individual property rights and responsibilities are maintained. The purpose of this landscape management plan is to help the Byway’s stakeholders—those who are responsible for the byway’s stewardship including DelDOT, adjacent property owners, civic associations, and its major institutions—to work together towards a coordinated and common goal of preserving and enhancing the Byway’s identity as one of Delaware’s most significant historic and cultural landscapes. The roadside landscape is one piece of the puzzle that, if appropriately managed, can have a huge impact on achieving overall preservation and enhancement goals The plan is organized according to the fifteen distinctive character areas that comprise the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway’s three recognizable segments—the City of Wilmington, Kennett Pike (Route 52), and Montchanin Road (Route 100). The landscape management plan includes an analysis of some of the common problems within each character areas and offers recommendations for appropriate ways to address those problems. The recommendations are based upon the historic, cultural and natural process- es that have shaped the landscape over time. They include practical and easy to understand illustrations showing how the various treatment and management recommendations might be applied to specific areas together with a full range of topics germane to the preservation and enhancement of the byway’s roadside qualities. These include: • Expansion of urban green space and planting opportunities • Improving urban planting environments in response to stresses of pollution, compaction, root restrictions and other common urban horticultural problems • Reducing maintenance requirements in existing urban parks along the byway • Enhancing the aesthetic qualities of the byway in urban, village and rural settings, especially where views are less desirable, such as around parking lots and major intersections • Using landscape elements to reinforce overall traffic calming and pedestrian safety goals • Framing attractive views and structures with plantings The City of Wilmington 8 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 9

• Balancing the need for privacy and screening along the byway with the need to preserve open and expansive views • Finding innovative solutions to more common roadside problems including drainage, shoulders, and guardrails.

The landscape management plan focuses primarily on the roadside areas—both within the DelDOT right-of-way and along the frontage of individual properties. A com- panion document is planned that will help individual property owners who wish to do their part to preserve and enhance the byway’s views and context as they consider changes to the use of their private properties. The landscape management plan is intended to help those who want to do their part in the stewardship of roadsides that comprise the significant historic and cultural landscapes of Delaware’s Brandywine Valley. These recommendations are intended to help caretakers of the Brandywine Valley Scenic Byway make decisions in harmony with the byway’s regionally unique character and guide any new plantings to capture and continue the essence of the historic byway aesthetic. The elements of estate scale and era plantings, located so they are able to mature to their full size and majesty, create a unique Brandywine Valley landscape experience. It is obvious that the byway was planted for the future rather than short-term immediate effects and has evolved into a very eloquent, but understated landscape that will continue to stand the test of time. The goal is to insure the journey along the byway remains as scenic and significant as the destinations themselves. This will be accomplished by preserving and maintaining the evolving roadside landscape of the byway from city to the countryside. The City of Wilmington 9 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:10PMPage10 City ofWilmington 10 The City of Wilmington public andprivateentities. require aninclusiveapproachthatpromotescooperationbetween beyond thepublicright-of-way. andenhancementwill Preservation character ofthebyway isdependentuponplantingsbothwithinand residentialneighborhoodsatthecity line.The twentieth century andbeyond tothedistinctearly commercial districtofUnionPark, tothe throughtransitionalurbanresidentialareas, Wilmington, extendingfromtheurbancore ofcentral character areasegments, ihnteCt fWligo,thebyway iscomprisedoffive Within theCityofWilmington, 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:10PMPage11 Plate 001 Management goals: Design goals: • Maintain inventory, recognize and preserve notablespecimentrees(see recognizeandpreserve • Maintaininventory, • ModifyDelDOT’s to routineroadsidemanagementpracticestoinclude pruning forexistingtreeplantings. andreplacementstrategy • Implementapreservation fortheCity ofWilmington. • Maintainandperiodicallyupdatethetreeinventory andmanagesustainable develop, tofund, • Seekpublic/privatepartnerships andsustainablemaintenancestrategiesforgreen effective, • Develop efficient, treepitsand sidewalks, trafficmedians, lots, • Adoptguidelinesforparking • Maximizethepotentialoflandscapeelementstocalmtrafficandincrease andincreaseunpaved areastosustainasignificanttreecanopy • Preserve • Increasecolor/seasonalinterestinexistingparks. andother shrubs (trees, • Provide andencouragemoregreeninfrastructure Appendix C). maintain clearance. enhancements. improvements (plantings). infrastructure paving) thatwillreducetheneedforfrequentreplacement. soil andpervious structural innovative rooting-spaceanddrainagesolutionsforplantings(i.e., other enclosedplantingspacestoprovide healthfulgrowingconditionsand especiallyatcrosswalks. pedestrian safety, wherefeasible. withprivatelandowners throughout thecityinpartnership buildingfrontagesandotheropenspaces. lotbuffers, including parking plantings) withinthebuiltcityonpublicright-of-way andprivateproperty 11 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:10PMPage12 12 The City of Wilmington Plate 003H.B.duPont Plaza Plate 002Rodney Square 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 13

Character segment 1 Eleventh Street Corridor – Walnut Street to Jefferson Street; including Rodney Square

Description: Plate 004 Wilmington’s tallest buildings, clustered together and creating a canyon-like Early 20th century Rodney Square effect, dominate the Eleventh Street Corridor. In this highly built environment, green spaces provided by trees, turfgrass, and planting beds offer pleasing respites from the enclosing abundance of concrete, blacktop, brick and glass. The most dramatic and historic of these openings is Rodney Square (Plate 002). Second in size and more recent in origin is H.B. du Pont Plaza, a triangular park located between Washington, 10th, 11th and Orange streets (Plate 003).

On some streets, trees are the only green component. When planting beds are not available, planter boxes and containers are sometimes placed directly on the pavement. A few smaller park spaces exist as traffic islands or pocket parks.

Analysis: The City Beautiful Movement in the early 1900’s promoted public open space. Inspired by this movement, the New Castle County Courthouse of 1880 was demolished and the new City/County Courthouse was positioned east of King Street providing the opportunity to create the open space that is now Rodney Square. Rodney Square was originally conceived as a central rectangular lawn bordered by symmetric flowerbeds. Double rows of trees were planted around the periphery in turf beds (Plate 004). The labor-intensive flowerbeds were discard- ed late in the 20th century in favor of naturalistic beds using native plants. As replacements have been made to meet the demands of garden culture and human use, the result has been a greater diversity of plants. The naturalistic design and increased diversity is at odds with the traditionally ordered symmetry of the park (Plate 005). This symmetry has been Plate 005 Rodney Square, winter 2003 further degraded by the random loss of trees and shrubs through natural attrition and unhealthy conditions. The City of Wilmington 13 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:10 PM Page 14

Plate 006 Early 20th century Rodney Square

In fact, the original design provided healthier growing conditions for trees. An historic photo shows large continuous tree beds (Plate 006), which have since been replaced by inadequately small tree pits set in stone pavers (Plate 007). To be consistent with the site’s historic tradition, mature trees must reach a stately size. Under current conditions, trees grow no larger than 12-inches in caliper before beginning to decline. This situation is typical of many tree conditions throughout the segment (Plate 008).

Plate 007 Plate 008 Grate and pavers around Linden trees Tree pit conditions on 11th Street

While the overall trend during the past century has been towards increased paved area in downtown Wilmington, there are instances where paving has actually decreased. Two photographs, 60 years apart, demonstrate the greener current conditions. Plate 009 shows the triangular space between 11th and 10th streets almost totally covered in paving and masonry. The same space in 2004, (Plate 010) is characterized by a significant tree canopy, which is supported by ample bed spaces and 10-foot square tree pits. This type of landscape space provides a pleasant green oasis in the city (Plate 011). The City of Wilmington 14 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:10PMPage15 lt 1 H .d otPaa 2004 Plate 011H.B.duPont Plaza, Historical photooftriangleat11th, 12th andWashington Streets. Plate 009 ahntnSres 2004 Washington Streets, 12thand H. B.duPont Plazaat11th, Plate 010 15 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:11 PM Page 16

Recommendations: • Remove some existing plants in Rodney Square beds to reduce the diversity and replace with equally drought tolerant species that achieve a more formal “bedding look.” Use large masses of relatively few species to provide seasonal flowering interest in different sections of the square (arranged symmetrically in planting blocks). One area should contain masses of minor bulbs (Scilla sibiri- ca, Crocus tomasinianus, Galanthus nivalis, Chionodoxa lucilliae) in spring fol- lowed by plumbago (Ceratostigma plumbaginoides) or Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Other planting blocks should be filled with summer phlox (Phlox paniculata ‘Robert Poore’) with bugleweed (Ajuga reptans) in front (for summer bloom) and Chrysanthemum ‘Sheffield Pink’ (for fall bloom) (Plates 012 and 013). • Plant additional shrubs such as cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and Korean spice viburnum (Viburnum carlesii) to recreate the symmetrical character of the square. Select durable survivors relating to the historical period palette (such as Spirea ‘Snowmound’ and Japanese holly (Ilex crenata) so the planting is evocative of a time when Rodney Square was conceived but is smartly adapted to today’s maintenance constraints. • Consider removing pavers (in 10-foot by 10-foot area) around some of the large perimeter trees in Rodney Square along 10th and 11th streets to provide more growing space/root space. (At time of report writing, a number of Linden trees are dead/dying on Rodney Square.) Use a consistent drought tolerant ground- cover (such as a combination of Silver Sceptre sedge and Ice Dance sedge (Carex morrowii ‘Silver Sceptre’ or ‘Ice Dance’) at the base of trees where pavers are deleted and add high curb to discourage and control pedestrian traffic as illustrated in Figure 1, page 19.

Plate 012 Phlox paniculata ‘Robert Poore’ Plate 013 Chrysanthemum ‘Sheffield Pink’ The City of Wilmington 16 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:11 PM Page 17

Plate 014 Planting opportunity around H. B. du Pont Plaza fountains

• Maintain emphasis on public open space in keeping with the precedent set by the City Beautiful Movement. Work with private property owners to incorporate plants for beautification, screening and expanded tree canopy. • Improve plantings in H.B. du Pont Plaza on 10th street by adding flowering interest with planted containers or by planting a row of shrubs (such as Spirea ‘Snowmound’) around the circular fountain (Plate 014). • Adopt innovative methods for providing greater tree root space, which will reduce the decline and death of street trees. Evaluate the use of a structural soil technique developed by Cornell University (Appendix A), which was piloted in Wilmington in 2002 on 11th between Walnut and Spruce and has also been used on Market Street renovations in 2004. Investigate modeling other emerg- ing methods to increase root space including cantilevered and modular pavement support systems. • Work with property owners and managers to screen and beautify existing and new parking lots with plantings of trees and shrubs, fences and partial walls. Identify unused spaces on parking lot edges that can be utilized for tree and buffer plantings without losing parking capacity as illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, pages 20-23. • Replace dying Zelkova trees in this character segment with other trees from the City of Wilmington Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) to reduce the overuse of Zelkova trees in Wilmington. The City of Wilmington 17 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:11PMPage18 18 The City of Wilmington Carex siderosticha Carex morrowii Carex morrowii 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:16PMPage35 this situation. torectify spacewouldprovide(Plate 023).Renovating greatopportunity thepark The sidewalk apathintheturf isdiscontinuousandpedestrian traffichasworn intounattractiveshapes. space isplantedwithinappropriatespeciespruned renovation ofthespacewithemphasisongreenelements.Theexistingpark plaza wouldbegreatlyenhancedifthenew driveway were intoaholistic incorporated anew drivewayof constructing atpresstime.Theappealandusefulnessofthis whowas intheprocess owner, theadjacentproperty deeded over toLutherTowers, Avenue andanextensionof13thStreet(Plate022).Thissectionstreetwas Recommendations: The Columbus Park Plaza is a narrow stripoflandsituatedbetweenThe ColumbusPark Plazaisanarrow Pennsylvania • Renovate landscape plantingatColumbusPlaza.Redesignpaving toaddress • Recommendremoval andreplacementofinvasive speciesonprivateproperty Towers 10). intoplazaspaceimprovements (Figure pedestrian trafficandintegrateongoingsurfacerenovations adjacenttoLuther spaces inthecity. ofseedthathasthepotentialtoinvade unmaintained open a hugerepository natural controlstokeep themincheck.Trees like thistree-of-heaven represent ifany, nutrientsandspace.They have few, water, ing theavailability oflight, as onethatquicklyoverwhelms anddisplacesexistingnativeplantsby reduc- of Rodney StreetandRoute52(Plate024).Aninvasive plantcanbedefined such asthislargetree-of-heaven ( oubsPr lz,2004 Columbus Park Plaza, Plate 023 Ailanthus altissima)onthesouthwest corner Ailanthus atRodney Streetand Pennsylvania Avenue Plate 024 35 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:16PMPage36 36 The City of Wilmington

38 The City of Wilmington Plate 025 Intersection ofDupontStreetandPennsylvaniaPlate 025Intersection Avenue Character segment4 enhance thearea. and strategicallyplacedtrees couldsignificantly flowering treesisnotpossible;butcontainerplantings acompletewall ofcanopy and nature ofthissection, facades andmaintenance. Duetothecommercial still bepleasingwithattention toattractivebuilding and occupants.Thebuiltenvironmentland owners can 52. Signandbusinessvisibilityisofhighestpriorityto Description: Union Park isthemostcommercialsectionofRoute Union Park –Clayton Street toBancroftParkway Clayton Street Pennsylvania at Northbound Plate 026 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:17PMPage39 tall-growing shadetrees(Plate028). one ofthefew placesinthesegmentthatwouldaccommodate forattractivevegetation.Thisis presents agreatopportunity and immediately totheeastofCSXoverpassisbarren trian traffic.Thesouth-facingslopealongPennsylvania Avenue predisposed toweak limbsandbreakage. whichare pears, Wyman crabapplesarepreferabletoCallery suchasDonald seasonal interest(Plate027).Sturdytrees, tosoftenthislandscapeandadd offer thebestopportunity tall-growing shadetreesinthissegment.Smallflowering trees plays toplant closetothesidewalk therearefew opportunities Analysis: The Union Street intersection is currently unsafeforpedes- iscurrently The UnionStreetintersection Due tothepositionsofoverhead wiresandnew cardis- Plate 028CSXrailroadoverpassatPennsylvania Avenue Typical new carlotonPennsylvania Avenue Plate 027 39 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:17PMPage40 40 The City of Wilmington Recommendations: results on tree survival (Plate030). results ontreesurvival suchasutilitytrenchingcouldhave disastrous activity, disturbance orconstruction Thetreesinthisparkway areafragilebiologicalresource.Anypreserved. typeof traveler toexploremoreofWilmington.BancroftParkway shouldbeprotectedand 029). Thisparkway invites tangentsfromtravel alongRoute52.Itencouragesthe • Develop amaintenancepolicyforBancroftParkway thatincludesmaintenance • Develop aplantingplanforthesouth-facingslopealongPennsylvania Avenue landscapedmediansandother • Explorethepotentialforadditionofcrosswalks, • Usecontainerplantingstosoftenthelandscapewhereappropriate. • Encouragetheplantingofsmallflowering treesandreplaceundesirable The majesticcharacteroflargecanopy oaksdefinesBancroftParkway (Plate n 2,pages44and45). and 12b, 12a and protectionofexistingoaksreplantingasneeded(Figures page 43). 11, ings andtall-growingshadetreeswhereappropriate(Figure immediately totheeastofCSXoverpassthatincludesgroundcover plant- throughout theurbanWilmingtonsection. adjacent sectionsofthebyway toachieve consistencyandaunifyingcharacter with Develop conceptsforimprovementsUnion Streetintersection. inconcert traffic calmingdevices toimprove thesafetyandappealforpedestriansat AppendixB). Recommended StreetTree List, pear)withappropriatestreettrees(CityofWilmington species (suchasCallery Plate 029BancroftParkway atPennsylvania Avenue 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:17PMPage41 Plate 030BancroftParkway 41 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:17PMPage42 42 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage41 Plate 030BancroftParkway 41 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage42 42 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:20 PM Page 43

fig 11 printed in a seperate doc----Larger The City of Wilmington 43 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage44 44 The City of Wilmington fig 12aprintedinaseperatedoc----Larger 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage45 fig 12bprintedinaseperatedoc----Larger 45 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage46 back offigure12b Move on the toanotherdocumentprint 46 The City of Wilmington Gingko streettreesonPennsylvania Avenue direct path of passing trucks andothertall vehicles(Plate032). direct pathofpassingtrucks to ensurethatsuchtreesdonotdevelop lowlimbshangingover theroadin managementplansshouldbeinplace motorists’ senseofanurbancanopy. However, (Plate031). continuous woodlandcorridor Analysis: applications includingseveral estateswithlargeopenlawns andplantings. Wawaset Park andRockfordPark charactersegmentcontainsmixedlanduse Description: Character segment5 re tGbatr lhuhpatd3-0fe wyfo h od addto althoughplanted30-40feetaway fromtheroad, Trees atGibraltar, Gingkos plantedinfrontoftheDevon contribute totheappearanceofa the oftheCityWilmingtonsectionbyway, While stillconsideredpart Bancroft Parkway toGreenhillAvenue andtoRisingSunLane Wawaset Park andRockfordPark – Plate 031 Trees over Pennsylvania Avenue Plate 032 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage47 Recommendations: more conducivetostandardtrafficcalmingmeasures. may be insegment6, islands. ThewiderroadsurfaceatA.I.duPont MiddleSchool, traditional trafficcalmingandsafetymeasuressuchasbumpoutorcentermedian roadconfigurationprevents theuseof widthofthecurrent thenarrow walks, Whilethepedestrianvolumeindicatesadditionofcross- passengers. improvements have tothisintersection accommodatedbusesandtheir Pennsylvania Avenue atRisingSunLane(Plate034).Significant nature make itaninconvenient choiceforpedestrianswishingtocross butits location andelevated crossing demandforschoolevents, meet pedestrianneeds.TheTower Hilloverpassmeetssomeofthe richnesslyingwithin(Plate033). of horticultural the 52ScenicByway. Thesix-foot-highwall allowsmotoristsaglimpse hasasignificantimpact ontheaestheticsof tion throughtheyears, withsomerenova- mens. ThisoriginalMarianCoffinlandscapedesign, • Installtrafficislandstoreducetheperceivedroadwidthandcalmtraffic.Use • Maintainandmanagetreecanopy atGibraltartobecompatiblewithcorridor Crossings atseveral schoolsinthissegmentareinadequateto speci- Gibraltar containsauniquecollectionofmaturehorticultural Plate 034Tower HillpedestrianoverpassonPennsylvania Avenue 3 feetorwider). vegetation whenislandsarelargeenoughtoaccommodateplantings(atleast traffic. Remove lowlimbsextendingoutover thetravel lanes. Plate 033Stonewall atGibraltar 47 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage48 48

Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Kennett Pike (Route52) and thisbalanceisessentialtotheoverall characterofthebyway. between woodlandsorforestedsectionsandopenpastoralfields, character. torural-suburban The landscapealternates suburban, to six characterareasegmentsasthebyway transitionsfromurban, turnpike use.TheKennett Pike sectionofthebyway isdividedinto reflectingtheroadway’s historic19thcentury known asKennett Pike, ot fWligo’ oprt onay Route52becomes ofWilmington’sNorth boundary, corporate 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage49 Plate 035 Management goals: Design goals: • Manageexistingtall-growingshadetreestoreduceconflictwithutilitylines. notablespecimentrees. recognizeandpreserve • Inventory, balancingaesthetic forexisting treecorridors, • Createareplacementstrategy • Promoteamodelthatdiscouragestheretentionandnew plantingofinvasive byway.• Limitroadsidesignagetothatconsistentwiththecharacterofarural andenhanceexistingplantedhedgerows. • Preserve toscreenand beautifyexistingandfutureparking owners • Work withproperty • CalmtrafficonRoute52invillagesectionsusingtechniquessuchas:reducing • Optimizethepotentialoflandscapeelementstocalmtrafficandincrease • Selectsuitablevegetationconsideringenvironmental conditionsandutilitycon- • Keep new plantingsconsistentwiththeunique BrandywineValley character. • Planttall-growingshadetreestomaintainandenhancethewoodlandcharacter • Identifyandpromotespecificopenpastoralviewsheds. • Frame withplantings. attractiveviews/structures sesdbr page51) (see sidebar, unity andspeciesdiversity. species suchasprivet( and 5. 4 3, 2, walls. UtilizeideasfortreeandbufferplantingsasillustratedinFigures fencesandpartial lots alongthebyway withplantingsoftreesandshrubs, andconsideringuseoftrafficcircles. expanding anddesignatingbike lanes, expandingmediansandcrosswalk combinations, to theneedforcaution, drivers road widthand/ordesigningplantingstocreateenvironments thatalert especiallyatcrosswalks. pedestrian safety, flicts. of villages. Ligustrum sp.). 49 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage50 50 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Zelkova treesatGoodstay Center unattractive appearance. resultinginan ed directlyundertheutilitylines(Plate037)hasrequiredpruning thistreeplant- green canopy thathelps shadethesidewalk (Plate036).Incontrast, enough fromtheroadway toavoid conflictwithutilitylinesyetprovides apleasant motorists. Arowoftrees(zelkova andotherdeciduousspecies)issetbackjustfar butare visibleto the byway. Somespecimensareplantedatgreatdistance, prevent motoristsfromseeingthelargerscenicview. provide screeningfor the athleticfieldatautomobileheight.Thetallevergreens now page55). Many oftheevergreens aredecliningandnolonger plate048, (oaks, and theremnantsofwhatwas onceacontinuousrowoftall-growing shadetrees Analysis: mature treecanopies. characterizedby Westover Hillsistypicalofresidentialdevelopment inthissegment, back inlargelawns andopenspacesthataretotheview fromtheroad. and St.Joseph’s ontheBrandywine.Very few buildingsbordertheroad;mostareset Tower HillSchoolathleticfields A.IduPont MiddleSchool, Delaware Goodstay Center, Description: Character segment6 Mature plantingsatGoodstay Centercontributesignificantlytotheappearanceof sideofGreenhillAvenue isborderedby anovergrownThe north evergreen screen This charactersegmentisdominatedby of largefacilitiesincludingTheUniversity Greenhill Avenue toRoute141 ofDelawareUniversity Goodstay Center– Plate 036 Disfigured treeonPennsylvania Avenue Plate 037 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage51 are incompatiblewithtall-growingshadetrees. they While they areubiquitouselementsinthehistoriclandscape, to addressutilityline/treeconflicts. The followingsolutionsandcompromisesaresuggested hnnn fteaoeotosaepatcl lower growing • Whennoneoftheabove optionsarepractical, • Whentheright-of-way iswideenoughorthereacoordinated elec- lifeofexistingtreesgrowingdirectlyunderneath • Theservice insomecasescanallow tall-growingshade • Judiciouspruning • ‘Bundling’utilitiesorcombiningmultiplelinesontoasingleset the • Placingelectricalutilitylinesundergroundpotentiallyoffers trees canbeplanted. trees thathave uprightstature. anaturallynarrow electrical utilitylines.Thisapproachmay bemostsuccessfulwith away fromtheroadtoallowforfullgrowthwithoutconflictingwith treesmay beplantedfarenough withprivatelandowners, effort 52). Thiswillnecessarilycompromisethetree’s form. page and theuseofchemicalgrowthretardants(seePlate038, trical utilitylinesmay beincreasedby acombinationofpollarding ofthetrees. shape andform trees andelectricalutilitylinestocoexistwithoutdestroying the growing shadetreesandimproved vistas. onesidecanbeclearedofpolesand linestoallowtall- corridor, on thelandscape.Incaseswherelinesexistbothsidesof of polescaneffectivelyreducetheimpactoverhead utilitylines select sectionsofthebyway. it isonlypracticalin Duetohighcosts, term. sive intheshort itisthemostexpen- solution, Although thisisanideallong-term whichmay damageordestroy any existingtrees. sive trenching, theprocessofmoving linesundergroundrequiresexten- However, greatest freedomfortheplantingoftall-growingshadetrees. Utility linesandpolesareanunsightlycomponentofthebyway. 51 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage52 52 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Stone wall by MarianCoffinonTower HillSchoolproperty Plate 038 London Plane trees treated with growth retardant and pruned forutilitylineclearance. Plate 038LondonPlanetreestreatedwithgrowthretardantandpruned Plate 039 Leyland cypresshedgeatSt.Joseph’s Church Plate 040 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage53 root systemsthatoftenresultinlodgingortoppling(Plate041). anddevelop inadequate arepronetoinsectanddiseasedamage, winter desiccation, treesfrequentlysufferfrom choice forscreeninginthisarea.Theseshort-lived completely separatingthetwolandscapes(Plate040).Leyland cypressisapoor and better-adaptedevergeen treesthatwouldcreateapsychologicalscreenwithout by plantingsofdeciduous flowering intermittent andtall-growingshadetrees served diminishes theexperienceofbyway. Thechurchandthebyway wouldbebetter fromRoute52willeventually resultinanoppressivewall that andcemetery property is avaluableandattractivereminderoftheduPont estateera(Plate039). whichisreadilyvisiblefromtheroad.It MarianCoffin, renowned landscapearchitect, ful life(Plate038). have maintenancewhileextendingthetrees’use- growth hormones reducedpruning recentdevelopments intheuseof survival, costly anddetrimentaltotrees’long-term topped fordecadestoavoid conflictwithutilitylines.Thoughthispracticeistypically The continuousrowofLeyland cypressplantedtoscreenSt.Joseph’s church adjacenttoTowerProperty HillSchoolincludesastonewall designedby Londonplanetreeshave been ofWestoverAt thecorner RoadandRoute52, lt 4 Lyadcpes leaningduetoinadequaterootsystem Plate 041Leyland cypress, 53 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage54 54 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) London Planetreecanopy over BerkleyRoad Reducing theseedsourcewillhelpprotectlocalhabitats adjacenttothebyway. Privet shouldbereplacedwhenever possiblewithanon-invasive hedgespecies. Delaware. invade theecologicalbalanceofnaturalareasinnorthern anddisrupt isincreasinglyrecognizedforitspotentialto thecommonprivet, these hedges, historicaestheticelementtomaintain.Thetraditionalspeciesusedfor important mon privet, Plate047)thishedgeofcom- images(Plate046, Seen inbothhistoricandcurrent Plate045). the characterofthisneighborhood(Plate044, tree-linedstreetshave becomeessentialto theelegant, later, Seventy-five years alreadyinevidence inthis1930photo(Plate043). planted large-growingtrees, Westover Hillswas originallytreeless.Landowners shownattopleft, farmland oncethedominantvegetationofregion. Builtonformer deciduous woodlands, ofagriculturethatremoved 1900s(Plate042)istheresultof150years the early In the estate era of the early 1900s, hedges were used to define property lines. hedgeswere usedtodefine property 1900s, In theestateeraofearly appearanceofthelandscapeasshowninhistoricphotosfrom rural The open, ent ie ca.1919 Kennett Pike, isanexample.SuchhedgesalongRoute52are Ligustrum vulgare, Plate 045 Plate 042 dramatic treecanopy growth.NoteDupontRoadonlower left. Aerial photosofWestover depicting Hillstaken apart 75years Plate 043 Plate 044 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage55 Traditional roadsidehedgeonKennett Plate 048Doublerowoftreesadjacenttoathleticfield ie ca.1919 Pike, Plate 046 lt 4 Rasd eg nKnetPk,2004 Plate 047RoadsidehedgeonKennett Pike, 55 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:20PMPage56 56 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Interchange atRoute141andKennett Pike Recommendations: • Encouragetheuseofnoninvasive suchas alternatives • Retainopenviews (Plate049)alongthebyway toevoke anagrarianpast;as • Replaceleyland cypresshedgewithmixedplantingsofdeciduous andbetter- asafepedestriancrossingatA.I.duPont• Incorporate MiddleSchoolasshown andmaintainingtheMarianCoffin ofpreserving theimportance • Underscore shadetreestoenhancetheforestedcharacterofbyway Planttall-growing, • inthemissingoaksalongGreenhillAvenue atPennsylvania• Fill Avenue and roadway toavoid conflictwithutilitylines. ovata, Carya vatica, Nyssasyl- coccinea, Quercus bicolor, forexample:Quercus where appropriate, replace existinghedges. ra andSpiraea Forsythia x Viburnum prunifolium, Aronia arbutifolia, ous woodlands(Plate050). enclosedsectionsreflectiveoftheoriginaldecidu- well asdenselyvegetated, pages 60and61). 16and17, pletely separatingthetwolandscapes(Figures adapted evergeen treesthatwillcreateapsychologicalscreenwithoutcom- pages20-23. 2-5, Figures enhancementsasper include appropriatescreeningandgreeninfrastructure arearenovations. Reviewrenovationsincluding bridgeandparking to parking in progressforthissectionofthebyway fromDupontRoadtoHopeton and15 (pages57-59)intotheDelDOTenhancementproject 14, 13, on Figures School. stone wall ownedby inany Tower futuredevelopment ofthe property Hill page55). Presbyterian Church(Plate048, remove blockoppositeGreenhill thedecliningevergreens inthefirst Plate 049 spp. and to privet whenever opportunities presentthemselvesto to privetwhenever opportunities Gymnocladus dioicus.Sitetreesfarenoughfromthe Enclosed deciduoussectionofKennett Pike Plate 050 nemda Abeliagrandiflo- intermedia, Myrica pensylvanica, 43 The City of Wilmington 44 The City of Wilmington 45 The City of Wilmington 46 The City of Wilmington Gingko streettreesonPennsylvania Avenue direct path of passing trucks andothertallvehicles(Plate032). direct pathofpassingtrucks to ensurethatsuchtreesdonotdevelop lowlimbshangingover theroadin management plansshouldbeinplace motorists’ senseofanurbancanopy. However, (Plate031). continuous woodlandcorridor Analysis: applications includingseveral estateswithlargeopenlawns andplantings. Wawaset Park andRockford Park charactersegmentcontainsmixedlanduse Description: Character segment5 re tGbatr lhuhpatd3-0fe wyfo h od addto althoughplanted 30-40feetaway fromtheroad, Trees atGibraltar, Gingkos plantedinfrontoftheDevon contributetotheappearanceofa the oftheCityWilmingtonsectionbyway, While stillconsideredpart Bancroft Parkway to GreenhillAvenue andtoRisingSunLane Wawaset Park andRockfordPark – Plate 031 Trees over Pennsylvania Avenue Plate 032 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:03AMPage47 Recommendations: more conducivetostandardtrafficcalmingmeasures. may be insegment6, islands. ThewiderroadsurfaceatA.I.duPont MiddleSchool, traditional trafficcalmingandsafetymeasuressuchasbumpoutorcentermedian roadconfigurationprevents theuseof widthofthecurrent thenarrow walks, Whilethepedestrianvolumeindicatesadditionofcross- passengers. improvements have tothisintersection accommodatedbusesandtheir Pennsylvania Avenue atRisingSunLane(Plate034).Significant nature make itaninconvenient choiceforpedestrianswishingtocross butits location andelevated crossing demandforschoolevents, meet pedestrianneeds.TheTower Hilloverpassmeetssomeofthe richnesslyingwithin(Plate033). of horticultural the 52ScenicByway. Thesix-foot-highwall allowsmotoristsaglimpse hasasignificantimpact ontheaestheticsof tion throughtheyears, withsomerenova- mens. ThisoriginalMarianCoffinlandscapedesign, • Installtrafficislandstoreducetheperceivedroadwidthandcalmtraffic.Use • Maintainandmanagetreecanopy atGibraltartobecompatiblewithcorridor Crossings atseveral schoolsinthissegmentareinadequateto speci- Gibraltar containsauniquecollectionofmaturehorticultural Plate 034Tower HillpedestrianoverpassonPennsylvania Avenue 3 feetorwider). vegetation whenislandsarelargeenoughtoaccommodateplantings(atleast traffic. Remove lowlimbsextendingoutover thetravel lanes. Plate 033Stonewall atGibraltar 47 The City of Wilmington 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:03AMPage48 48

trees canbeplanted. trees thathave uprightstature. anaturallynarrow electrical utilitylines.Thisapproachmay bemostsuccessfulwith away fromtheroadtoallowforfullgrowthwithoutconflictingwith treesmay beplantedfarenough withprivatelandowners, effort 52). Thiswillnecessarilycompromisethetree’s form. page and theuseofchemicalgrowthretardants(seePlate038, trical utilitylinesmay beincreasedby acombinationofpollarding ofthetrees. shape andform trees andelectricalutilitylinestocoexistwithoutdestroying the growing shadetreesandimproved vistas. onesidecanbeclearedofpolesand linestoallowtall- corridor, on thelandscape.Incaseswherelinesexistbothsidesof of polescaneffectivelyreducetheimpactoverhead utilitylines select sectionsofthebyway. it isonlypracticalin Duetohighcosts, term. sive intheshort itisthemostexpen- solution, Although thisisanideallong-term whichmay damageordestroy any existingtrees. sive trenching, theprocessofmoving linesundergroundrequiresexten- However, greatest freedomfortheplantingoftall-growingshadetrees. e a Utility linesandpolesareanunsightlycomponentofthebyway.

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s u g g e s t e d 51 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:03AMPage52 52 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Stone wall by MarianCoffinonTower HillSchoolproperty Plate 038 London Plane trees treated with growth retardant and pruned forutilitylineclearance. Plate 038LondonPlanetreestreatedwithgrowthretardantandpruned Plate 039 Leyland cypresshedgeatSt.Joseph’s Church Plate 040 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:03AMPage53 root systemsthatoftenresultinlodgingortoppling(Plate041). anddevelop inadequate arepronetoinsectanddiseasedamage, winter desiccation, treesfrequentlysufferfrom choice forscreeninginthisarea.Theseshort-lived completely separatingthetwolandscapes(Plate040).Leyland cypressisapoor and better-adaptedevergeen treesthatwouldcreateapsychologicalscreenwithout by plantingsofdeciduous flowering intermittent andtall-growingshadetrees served diminishes theexperienceofbyway. Thechurchandthebyway wouldbebetter fromRoute52willeventually resultinanoppressivewall that andcemetery property is avaluableandattractivereminderoftheduPont estateera(Plate039). whichisreadilyvisiblefromtheroad.It MarianCoffin, renowned landscapearchitect, ful life(Plate038). have maintenancewhileextendingthetrees’use- growth hormones reducedpruning recentdevelopments intheuseof survival, costly anddetrimentaltotrees’long-term topped fordecadestoavoid conflictwithutilitylines.Thoughthispracticeistypically The continuousrowofLeyland cypressplantedtoscreenSt.Joseph’s church adjacenttoTowerProperty HillSchoolincludesastonewall designedby Londonplanetreeshave been ofWestoverAt thecorner RoadandRoute52, lt 4 Lyadcpes leaningduetoinadequaterootsystem Plate 041Leyland cypress, 53 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:03AMPage54 54 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) London Planetreecanopy over BerkleyRoad mon privet, Plate047)thishedgeofcom- images(Plate046, Seen inbothhistoricandcurrent Plate045). the characterofthisneighborhood(Plate044, tree-linedstreetshave becomeessentialto theelegant, later, Seventy-five years alreadyinevidence inthis1930photo(Plate043). planted large-growingtrees, Westover Hillswas originallytreeless.Landowners shownattopleft, farmland oncethedominantvegetationofregion. Builtonformer deciduous woodlands, ofagriculturethatremoved 1900s(Plate042)istheresultof150years the early Reducing theseedsourcewillhelpprotectlocalhabitats adjacenttothebyway. Privet shouldbereplacedwhenever possiblewithanon-invasive hedgespecies. Delaware. invade theecologicalbalanceofnaturalareasinnorthern anddisrupt isincreasinglyrecognizedforitspotentialto thecommonprivet, these hedges, historicaestheticelementtomaintain.Thetraditionalspeciesusedfor important In the estate era of the early 1900s, hedges were used to define property lines. hedgeswere usedtodefine property 1900s, In theestateeraofearly appearanceofthelandscapeasshowninhistoricphotosfrom rural The open, ent ie ca.1919 Kennett Pike, Ligustrum vulgare Ligustrum Plate 045 Plate 042 isanexample.SuchhedgesalongRoute52are , dramatic treecanopy growth.NoteDupontRoadonlower left. Aerial photosofWestover depicting Hillstaken apart 75years Plate 043 Plate 044 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:04AMPage55 Traditional roadsidehedgeonKennett Plate 048Doublerowoftreesadjacenttoathleticfield ie ca.1919 Pike, Plate 046 lt 4 Rasd eg nKnetPk,2004 Plate 047RoadsidehedgeonKennett Pike, 55 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/3/0610:04AMPage56 56 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Interchange atRoute141andKennett Pike Recommendations: ln algoig shadetreestoenhancetheforestedcharacterofbyway Planttall-growing, • inthemissingoaksalongGreenhillAvenue atPennsylvania• Fill Avenue and • Encouragetheuseofnoninvasive suchas alternatives • Retainopenviews (Plate049)alongthebyway toevoke anagrarianpast;as • Replaceleyland cypresshedgewithmixedplantingsofdeciduous andbetter- asafepedestriancrossingatA.I.duPont• Incorporate MiddleSchoolasshown andmaintainingtheMarianCoffin ofpreserving theimportance • Underscore vatica, Carya ovata, Carya vatica, hr prpit,forexample: where appropriate, roadway toavoid conflictwithutilitylines. Aronia arb Aronia replace existinghedges. rsyeinCuc Pae08 page55). Presbyterian Church(Plate048, remove blockoppositeGreenhill thedecliningevergreens inthefirst ra and Spiraea Spiraea and ra ous woodlands(Plate050). enclosedsectionsreflectiveoftheoriginaldecidu- well asdenselyvegetated, pages 60and61). 16and17, pletely separatingthetwolandscapes(Figures adapted evergeen treesthatwillcreateapsychologicalscreenwithoutcom- pages20-23. 2-5, Figures enhancementsasper include appropriatescreeningandgreeninfrastructure arearenovations. Reviewrenovationsincluding bridgeandparking to parking in progressforthissectionofthebyway fromDupontRoadtoHopeton and15 (pages57-59)intotheDelDOTenhancementproject 14, 13, on Figures School. stone wall ownedby inany Tower futuredevelopment ofthe property Hill Plate 049 utifolia, Viburnum Viburnum utifolia, spp . and to privet whenever opportunities presentthemselvesto to privetwhenever opportunities Gymnocladus dioicus Gymnocladus rnflu,Fo prunifolium, Quercus bicolor, Quercus Enclosed deciduoussectionofKennett Pike Plate 050 rsythia rsythia . Sitetreesfarenoughfromthe Quercus Quercus x intermedia, Myrica pensylv Myrica coccinea, Abelia grandiflo- Abelia Nyssa syl- Nyssa anica,

58 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 59 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 60 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 61 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 62 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Plate 051Greenville Center Character segment7 beve,somesections ofthe existingchain link able view, open spacefrom athleticfieldsisapotentially desir- vas won’t thescreening function.Whilethe perform School fieldis nolongerfunctional.The plantedzelko- pedestrian scaleandsafety (Plate056). Greenville. Theseenhancementscreateasenseof 055) have provided effectivetrafficcalming in crosswalks andpatterned (Plate pavers (Plate054), Analysis: ties. Awall ofgreenvegetationscreenslargeresidencesfrom thebyway (Plate052). historichomesandresidentialretirementfacili- mixedwithofficecomplexes, 051), intendedtobeattractivefromallsides(Plate ioned afteraEuropeanPlazadesign, Description: The evergreen screenaround AIduPont High granitecurbsand Planted medians(Plate053), ashoppingfacilityfash- The villagesectionisdominatedby Greenville Center, Greenville –Route141toBrookValley Road Approaching Greenville Center Plate 052 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:22PMPage63 Plate 055 Plate 053 Greenville Village Plate 056 Plate 054 63 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:22PMPage64 64 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) impacting the surrounding residentialandcommercialenvironment.impacting thesurrounding beautification plantings.Screeningisdesignedtoprevent headlightglarefrom screeningand toplanttall-growingshadetrees, Road resultedinnew opportunities ofKennett lotexpansionat thecorner Pike parking andBuck process, construction ity ofasectionroadway (Plate059).Althoughthislargeelmwas lostduringthe their maturesizeandgrandeur(Plate058). placing utilitylinesunderground.Trees like thissugarmaplewouldbeabletogrow (Plate057). directly behindthehighschoolbleachers ofRoute52andHillsideRoad.Theoldchainlinkfenceremainsinasection corner was replacedwithanew chainlinkfence. An attractiveblackfencewas placedatthe mostofthefence fence areunattractiveandobscuretheview. DuringMarch2004, The lossofeven asinglematuretreecandramaticallyreducetheaestheticqual- ofGreenville wouldbegreatlyenhancedbyThe aestheticqualityoftheVillage Plate 057A.I.duPont HighSchoolathleticfields Plate 058Sugarmaplecompromisedby utility linepruning 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:22PMPage65 Recommendations: • Buffer parking lot with roadside plantings and/or structures tobeautifyand lotwithroadsideplantings and/orstructures • Bufferparking toincorporate opportunity take every • Whennew buildingandrenovations occur, • Planttall-growingshadetreesthatcanbelimbedupformaximizedcommercial 18). • Placeutilitylinesinthissegmentunderground(Figure behindthe • Replacetheremainingchainlinkfencewithanattractivealternative Plate 059LostmatureelmatBuckRoadandKennett Pike ,pages20-23). 5, andtraveling2- motoristsfromheadlights(seeFigures screen otherproperties ofKennettthe corner Pike andBuckRoad. loton shopping districtplanttall-growingshadetreesadjacenttotheparking andgreenspaces.To shrubs createapleasantatmosphereforthe trees, visibility andenhancedvillagecharacter. A.I. duPont Remove HighSchoolbleachers. invasive speciesalongthefence. 65 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:23PMPage66 66 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:23PMPage67 sive vinesandshrubs. areovergrownDelaware withinva- MuseumofNaturalHistory) ofthe (Plate061)andasectionjustnorth from Winterthur nificant sectionsofthebyway (forexample:directlyacross high qualityviews suchasthetwinlakes estates. Othersig- blocking whatwouldbe ofvines, toward removing thecurtain diligently areworking owners property lines. Sincethisphoto, nance) createdasoft-texturedscreencompatiblewithutility thelarchescouldhave (withpropermainte- dal innature, nance. Plantedattherearedgeofright-of-way andpyrami- 060). Thisistheresultofinadequategroundlayer mainte- andhealth(Plate significantly diminishedthetrees’form choking vineshave ofthissegment.Climbing, portion first larches, Analysis: openpastoralviews andscreenedwoodedsections. contain alternating Description: Character segment8 lne nteery10sb ueed ot European 1900sbyPlanted intheearly EugeneduPont, MuseumandGardens.Largeestates This segmentisdominatedby Winterthur Plate 061Roadsidevegetationoverwhelmed by invasive exoticgrowth Winterthur –BrookValleyWinterthur RoadtoOldKennett Road linethewest sideofthebyway inthe Larix decidua, lt 6 Vnsbokn wnLksve hd 2004 blockingTwinPlate 060Vines Lakes view shed, 67 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:23PMPage68 68 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) ent ietruhWnetu,ca.1919 Kennett Pike throughWinterthur, nrne(lt 6,right). entrance (Plate064, photographmaintaintheintegrityofestate’sin thiscurrent main former thestatelyshadetrees(sycamoresandoaks) left), no longerexist(Plate064, gatehouse many ofthetreesinthis1916photographoriginalWinterthur Francis duPont inthe1920swithdesignassistance fromMarianCoffin.While use alongthescenicbyway andthroughouttheDelaware Valley (Plate063). being durableandnoninvasive. Theway-finding in signistypicalofthestylecurrently thisperenniallypopularhedgehastheadvantageof scenic byway. Perhaps overused, 062). openspaceconsistentwith the originalcharacterofroadwaysense ofrural (Plate arefineexamplesoftheretentiona allwithfieldsadjacenttotheroadway, House, The landscape of Winterthur MuseumandGardenswas developed byThe landscapeofWinterthur Henry rowsareafrequentelementalongtheRoute52and100 Forsythia shrub andTheMethodistCounty TheDelaware MuseumofNaturalHistory, Winterthur, lt 6 Wnetu nrnegt,ca.1919andtoday entrancegate, Plate 064Winterthur Plate 062 Forsythia hedgealongKennett Pike Plate 063 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:23PMPage69 • Limitroadsidesignagetothatconsistent • Remove invasive plantsonrights-of-way • Promotetheretentionofviews intoopen • Reduceroadwidthand/ordesignplantings Recommendations: tained looktopassingmotorists(Plate066). neatly mowed edgepresentsacarefullymain- Winterthur’s peripherallandscapewhilethe senseof ow heightcontributetotherural toric symboloftheestate. this hedgeisrecognizedasavenerablehis- material (Plate065).Duetoitslongtenure, plant thatisrarelyifever usedashedging anda plantinitstypicalform much coarser prised ofosageorange, thehedgeiscom- that looklike privet.Infact, andclippedresultinginsmallleavesis pruned with the character of a rural byway.with thecharacterofarural invasiveterm plantmanagementplans. throughout thissegmentanddevelop long- The MethodistCountyHouse. and Delaware MuseumofNaturalHistory, The space asRoute52passesWinterthur, 74). pages72and 21and22, plantings (Figures a combinationoffilteredandopaquescreen Campbell Road(Route82)andreplacewith invasive vinesfromBrookValley Roadto and 72).•Remove larchtreeschoked with pages71 and20, 19, Greenville (Figures the needforcautionuponapproachto to drivers to createenvironments thatalert Trees setingrassesmaintainedatmead- estate The hedgethatlinestheWinterthur Maclura pomifera,a Plate 065OsageorangehedgeatWinterthur Plate 066 Winterthur estatemeadow Plate 066Winterthur 69 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:23PMPage70 70 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52)

72 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 73 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 74 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:26PMPage75 (Plate 068). they have ofusefulliferemaining anumberofyears Study. Althoughthetreesareshowingsignsofdecline, in the1987BrandywineValley ScenicRiverandHighway planting was identifiedascomprisinga“highqualityview” is linedwitharowofweeping This dramatic cherries. Analysis: feel (Plate067). providesence ofhistoricbarns arural Thepres- set backfromtheroadandhistoricfarmsteads. this segment.Itisamixoflargeresidentialproperties Description: Character segment9 The Lower BrandywinePresbyterian Churchcemetery Dense vegetationlinesthemajorityofroadway in Road to Lower BrandywinePresbyterian Church–OldKennett Plate 067 Historic barn onKennettPlate 067Historicbarn Pike 1/8 th milesouthofCenterMeetingRoad Plate 068Historicweeping attheLower cherries Brandywine Presbyterian Church cemetery 75 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:26 PM Page 76

Plate 069 Plate 070 River birch on Kennett Pike Linden trees on Kennett Pike

Provided time and a suitable setting the Delaware native river birch, Betula nigra, can attain significant size and contribute to roadside canopy (Plate 069). Judge Percy Nields’ lindens, planted in the 1920’s, (Plate 070) constitute one of the significant signatures of this section of scenic byway. Although the trees are currently in good health, the importance of this grand sweep warrants plans for their ulti- mate replacement. Private land owners are providing the necessary invasive plant control in some sections of this character segment (Plate 071). The Jefferis-Carpenter-Lippincott House, south of Centreville on the west side of the scenic byway, has a low stone retaining wall running parallel to the roadway. Majestic trees planted in the mid 1800s, including a champion basswood, can be glimpsed from the byway (Plate 072).

Plate 071 Invasive plant control along Kennett Pike

Plate 072

Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Pike Kennett Jefferis-Carpenter-Lippincott House along Kennett Pike 76 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:26PMPage77 Plate 073Lower BrandywinePresbyterian Churchcemetery Recommendations: • Remove invasive plantsonrights-of-way throughout thissegment. • Plantmedium-sizedtreessuchasriverbirch( • Plant roadside canopy. point atwhichthey arenolongerattractive(Plate073). whenexistingtreesdeclinetothe Brandywine Presbyterian Churchcemetery Prunus subhirtella pendula Prunus subhirtella along theright-of-way infrontofLower Betala nigra)tocontribute 77 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:26PMPage78 78 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Plate 075Centreville Village 075). theroadway becomesthedominantfeature(Plate (Plate 074).Whentreesarefewer, addstothequainthistoricalambience such astheplanetreesinCanby Grove Park, byway ofCentreville. Thepresenceoflargecanopy characterizetheVillage trees, Description: Character segment10 hp,historicresidencesandsidewalks immediatelyadjacenttothescenic Shops, Plate 074LondonPlanetreesinCanby Grove Park of Twaddell MillRoadtoSnuff ofCentreville –1/8thmilesouth Village 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:27PMPage79 juniper andboxwoodgrowingunderzelkova trees.Many oftheplantsdiedthrough themediansarefilledwithpfitzer planted, village(Plate080).Ascurrently rural median plantingsisoutofkeeping withthelargerscaleandhistoric simplicityofa 2003.Theminutescaleandcomplexityofthe installed fortrafficcalminginearly considered inthesepedestrianenhancements. solution withthecommunityandrecommendationsfromthisprocessshouldbe trafficcalming onapermanant working Plate079).DelDOTiscurrently (Plate 078, have createconfusionandthecontainers notfunctionedsatisfactorily lane markings inconsistenciesin bumper blocksinanattempttominimizethispractice;however, backed have up.Containers beenplacedontheshoulderbehindwhite for through-vehiclestoenterpedestrianandbicyclelaneswhentrafficis clists andlocalretailactivity. Oneofthegreatestproblemsistendency other vegetation(Plate077). have adetrimentaleffectonopenspaces.They seedindenselyandexclude timehasproven themtobeinvasive exoticsthat ofthevillage, years earliest roadway. andwouldlessentheimpactofwidened the villageinapre-electricage, tranquility ofacanopy-covered streetwould helptorestoretheambienceof and andmaturesize.Thecharm shade treeswoulddevelop naturalform tall-growing ing utilitylinesunderground.Freed fromconstraining overhead wires, ofCentreville wouldbegreatlyenhancedbythe aestheticqualityofVillage plac- (Plate076).AsinGreenville, acentury flict withCentreville streettreesfornearly Analysis: Gateway medians at the north and south end of the Village ofCentreville wereGateway andsouthendoftheVillage mediansatthenorth bicy- Through-traffic onKennett Pike threatensthesafetyofpedestrians, overhead utilitylineshave beenincon- As documentedinthis1919photograph, lt 7 KnetPk hog eteil ilg,ca.1919 Plate 076Kennett Pike throughCentreville Village, Although Norway mapleshave beenplantedasstreettreessincethe Norway maplesonCentreville roadside Plate 077 79 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:27PMPage80 80 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Plate 080Gateway median Plate 081Gateway median Gateway median Plate 078 Temporary trafficcalmingplanter Plate 079 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:27PMPage81 Centreville. Themediansshouldbeplantedsimply. roadside median.Zelkova treesarenotinkeeping withthehistorictraditionof conditionsfoundina median plantingandboxwoodarenottolerantoftheharsh willgrowtoolargeforasmall the winterof2003/2004(Plate081).Pfitzerjunipers Recommendations: • Redesigngateway andsouthendsoftheVillage. medianplantingsatthe north • Graduallyremove allNorway mapletreesandreplacethemwithmoredesirable • Includevegetationinthesolutionfortraffic/bicycle/pedestrianconflict.Explore • Planttall-growingshadetreesforenhancedvillagecharacter. • Placeutilitylinesinthissegmentunderground. selected from the regional historic palette, such as red maple or scarlet oak. suchasredmapleorscarlet selected fromtheregionalhistoricpalette, suchas tinuous low-growingplant, Simplify theplantingpalette.Thegroundlayer shouldbecomprisedofonecon- andstaturesuchasoaks. street treeswithamajesticform with lowmaintenanceplantings. andbumperblockssuchasdividerislands tocontainers creative alternatives Deutzia gracilis ‘Nikko’. Trees shouldbe 81 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:27PMPage82 82 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:27 PM Page 83

Character segment 11 North of Centerville – Snuff Mill Road to Delaware State Line

Description: This is a rural/residential segment with open pastoral views to the west. Large trees dominate sections of the eastern side of the byway.

Analysis: The openness of these pastoral landscapes is a critical element that should be preserved in highly developed northern Delaware. Rows of trees along the scenic byway provide a filtered view in which the motorist catches glimpses of open fields. White pines, which become open with age, are effective for this type of framing (Plate 082). Some open sections of right-of-way have been overtaken by invasive shrubs and vines (Plate 083). Evergreen trees, such as this row of Chamaecyparis, offer a denser cover with a more restricted view but also provide shade, which discourages invasive shrub and vine growth.

Plate 082 Kennett Pike north of Centreville Village Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Pike Kennett 83 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:27PMPage84 84 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) (Plate 084). asadesirablehistoricalfeature couldbepreserved as osageorangeandwildcherry these fencerowsshouldbeidentifiedandremoved whiletheinnocuousplantssuch andhoneysuckle invasive arehistoricremnants.Thetrue threatsin mulberry rose, 23). sen asamodeldemonstrationlandscapeproject(Figure screen plantingsshouldbeconsistentwiththecharacterofbyway andwas cho- and invasive plantmanagement, signage, suchasentranceplantings, properties to theschool’s sheeppastures.AdditionalenhancementsoftheCentreville School openview’s whilepreserving andtreepreservation construction landscapeberm ings, fortheCentreville Schoolhaveentrance andparking includedsensitivescreenplant- builtonthePennsylvania-Delawareern/inn stateline.Recentrenovations tothe an1800historictav- ment includingarecentpurchaseofthenearby LineHouse, l ec ie akdwt tagtrw fwl hris out,multiflora locusts, Old fencelinesmarkedwithstraightrowsofwildcherries, endofthisseg- ofthenorth The Centreville Schooloccupiesasignificantportion Plate 083 North gatewayPlate 083North toCentreville Village Plate 084Kennett Pike southfromthestateline erteLn os,ca.1919 near theLineHouse, 85 Kennett Pike (Rt. 52)

45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/06 5:29 PM Page 87

This segment includes a number of majestic tree specimens that warrant nota- tion and preservation (Appendix C). An old London plane tree next to a post and board fence adjacent to the Oberod Conference Center and a sugar maple with bril- liant yellow-orange fall color just north of Snuff Mill Road on the east side of the byway are two such specimens (Plate 085 and Plate 086).

Recommendations: • Remove invasive species (such as multiflora rose, honeysuckle, bittersweet) that have grown up in fencerows and right-of-ways along Route 52. Develop ongoing management plans to discourage invasive species and encourage or replant appropriate plants. • Encourage continued removal of invasive species on private property along the scenic byway. • Remove stockade-type fencing adjacent to the Line House to further enhance the open landscape views.

Plate 085 Plate 086 London Plane near state line Sugar maple on northbound Kennett Pike Kennett Pike (Rt. 52) Pike Kennett 87 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage88 Montchanin Road(Route100) 88 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) tion ofthebyway iscomprisedoffourcharacterareasegments. agrarianlandscapes. Thissec- natural areasandexpansesofopen, forested residential lotsandischaracterizedby amixofenclosed, traffic withtheRoutes100and52automobileroutes(Plate087). way thatcouldsomeday beusedtosharetheburdenofcommuter right-of- transportation thisraillineisanimportant Valley Railroad, rently usedexclusivelyforfreightunderleasetotheBrandywine Railroad isofteninview asitwindsacrossthebyway. Thoughcur- thetrackoforiginalWilmingtonandNorthern north/south, tion withKennett Pike (Route52)justsouthofGreenville. Running southward fromtheDelaware-Pennsylvania statelinetoitsintersec- loopconnectingRoutes52and100viaRoute1. pletes anorthern com- and theBrandywineRiverMuseum.ThePennsylvania portion LongwoodGardens, Winterthur, Valley historicsitesincludingHagley, connectingBrandywine Delaware--it isexperiencedasonecontinuum, Route 100 is a low-lying, winding scenic rural roadwithwooded windingscenicrural Route 100isalow-lying, The MontchaninRoadsectionofthebyway followsRoute100 Though thebyway intwostates--Pennsylvania and hasportions and Northern railroad and Northern train stationontheWilmington Plate 087Former Winterthur 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage89 Management goals: Design goals: • Maintain inventory and recognize and preserve notablespecimentrees andrecognizepreserve • Maintaininventory • Monitorwoodlandedgeforinvasive plants;controlandmanageasneeded. byway.• Limitroadsidesignagetothatconsistentwiththecharacterofarural • Designdevelopment entrancestorespectthecharacterofbyway working • Keep characterofthissectionthe new plantingsconsistentwiththerural seePlate107); mound, • Identifyandscreenundesirableviews (suchasrubble thecharacterofroadway;• Plandrainagesolutionstopreserve seekalterna- • Keep tomaintain existingwoodlandedgeclosetotheroad(withoutshoulders) Plate 088MontachaninRoadfromsouthofCenterMeetingintersection (Appendix 3). in thisregion. agrariancorridor with ascaleandpaletteofmaterialsappropriateforrural, Scenic Byway landscape. keep desirableviews openandframed. tives tounsightlyrip-rap. characterofthebyway.the meanderingrural 89 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage90 90 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) Working nearCenterMeetingRoadintersection farm Plate 089 Recommendations: (Plate091). andoldbuildingsbarns” stone bridges, largetrees, land, swamp- forest, landscape oftheentirearea;thisjuncturefeaturesawealth of field, Scenic RiverandHighway Study“asperhapsthemostvisuallysignificant crossroads Analysis: disturbededges.Theseplantsoftenencroachupontheroadway (Plate090). sunny, especiallyalong recent regrowthisoftenovergrown withinvasive plantspecies, whichisanotherreasonwhy theseforestsarerelatively healthy. More pressure, inanerawithouttoday’s ofRoute100occurred regrowth alongparts invasive exotic haskeptsloping terrain thislandrelativelyundisturbedforoverForest 150years. suchastheFlintWoods. Inaccessible segment isflanked by protectednaturalareas, ofthis Plate089).Aportion (Plate088, regrowth andlargelotresidentialproperties Description: eoeivsv pce sc smlilr oe oescl,bittersweet, honeysuckle, • Remove invasive species(suchasmultiflorarose, ishighlightedinthe1987BrandywineValleyThe SmithBridgeRoadintersection healthy forest farms, through still-working This sectionofMontchaninRoadruns Character segment12 sion andsedimentationproblemsregrowthofinvasive species. Road andreplacewithappropriateplantspecieswhereneededtoprevent ero- and autumnolive)thathave grownupalongtheright-of-way onMontchanin State LinetoCenterMeetingRoad 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage91 Plate 091 Center Meeting Road/ Smiths Bridge Road intersection withMontchaninRoadattop Plate 091CenterMeetingRoad/SmithsBridgeRoadintersection Plate 090SectionofMontchaninRoadchoked withinvasive plants 91 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage92 92 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) Plate 092Working nearCenterMeetingRoadintersection farm and pastoralview shed(Plate095). adjacentpond ugly concretebridgeabutmentsmarthescenicbeautyofstream, Metalguardrailand ing duetolackofvegetationorotherbank-stabilizingstructure. iserod- southofCenterMeeting Road, segment. Astreamadjacenttotheroadway, thathave beenrelativelyundisturbedforover 150years. duPont Woods, enjoy themany beautiful vistas(Plate094). allowing travelers to helps moderatespeedonthissectionofMontchaninRoad, natureoftheroadway andcurving road” character(Plate093).Thelackofshoulders right uptotheedgeofroadwithalmostnoshoulderprovide anintimate“back Analysis: agricultural feel(Plate092). andgrazingcattlegivetheroadway cornfields an Barns, sections andopenfarmland. Description: Character segment13 A few negativefeaturesdetractfromthedesirablecharacterofbyway inthis suchastheJenny This segmentisalsoflanked by protectednaturalareas, Rich nativevegetationprevails inhealthy woodlandsections.Trees thatgrow thissegmentcontainsbothwooded residential, Characterized aswooded/rural Center Meeting Road to Guyencourt Road Center MeetingRoadtoGuyencourt 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage93 Recommendations: nac h euyo aeyfaue ln h oda,suchasreplacing • Enhancethebeautyofsafetyfeaturesalongroadway, suchasonthestreambank • Exploresensitivesolutionstoerosionproblems, abutments (Figure 24). abutments (Figure metal guardrailwithattractiveandaddingastonefaceonbridge as nativesedgesandrushes. andherbaceousplantssuch thescenicview withlowshrubs while preserving 24).Useplantingdesignappropriateforriparianbuffers, (Figure intersection adjacent totheroadway located1/8thmilesouthofCenterMeetingRoad Plate 095 Opportunities forvisualandenvironmental enhancementsalongMontchaninRoad Plate 095Opportunities Montchanin Roadwithlittletonoshoulder Plate 093 Curved sectionofMontchaninRoad Curved Plate 094 93 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:29PMPage94 94 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 95 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 96

Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) ofRoute92withMontchaninRoadatAdamsDam Intersection are severely compromised by ofinvasive theincursion exoticplants. able intactplantcommunities. Many hedgerowsborderingsunny fieldsandmeadows Wetlands ownership. park areadjacenttotheroad andtheroadsidecontainsdesir- holdings andstate landtrust easements, underconservation preserved and farmland of anopenrollinglandscape. Thissegmentincludesalmost2000acresofwoodland the charactertransitionsfrom aclosedwoodedlandscapetothelong-distance views Description: Character segment14 As Montchanin Road passes under the Wilmington and Northern Railroad Bridge As MontchaninRoadpasses undertheWilmingtonandNorthern Brandywine CreekSatePark Plate 096 Plate 097 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage97 (Plate 102). plants requiringcontroltomaintainthenaturalbeautyofcorridor invasives. Thatdisturbancehasresultedinapopulationofinvasive actingasadisseminatorof corridor railroad isanothertransportation the Plate101).Whileattractiveandhistoricallysignificant, 100, astrafficslowingdevices (Plate keeping uptraditionandserving othergradelevel crossings remain inservice, been modified, ing onMontchaninRoad(Plate099).Althoughthecrossinghas Scenic Byway asillustratedby1900sphotoofacross- thisearly oftheMontchaninRoad railroad crossingsareanhistoricalpart of theroadway tocalmtraffic(Plate098).Gradelevel andserves representsasignificanthistoricalfeature and markedwithgraffiti, Analysis: h imntnadNrhr alodBig,whilerusted RailroadBridge, The WilmingtonandNorthern Early 1900’sEarly and2004railroadcrossingsofMontchaninRoad Plate 101 Plate 099 Plate 100 Plate 098 Wilmington and Northern Plate 098WilmingtonandNorthern railroad overpass 97 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage98 98 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) Wilmington and Northern railroad Wilmington andNorthern and itsright-of-way Plate 103 Intersection ofRoute92withMontchaninRoadatAdamsDam Plate 103Intersection White oaks Plate 102 Plate 104 (Plate 103). A proliferationofroadsignsdetractsfromthescenicviewshed possible thattheturfpavers were(Plate106). notinstalled properly look andfeel.Turf growinginthesepavers. Itis isnotcurrently provide safetraversable shoulderspaceswhilemaintaininganarrow well.traffic atthisintersection improvements.Dam Roadintersection Four-way stopsignsregulate byway (Plate105).AnewoftheAdam’s stonewall was builtaspart Brandywine CreekStatePark several hundredyards offthescenic stone wall remainingonThompson’s BridgeRoadadjacentto 104). Stonewalls have alongheritageintheareawithbeautifulold matic landscapethatincludesavarietyofstatelymaturetrees(Plate intersection.” Majesticwhiteoaksaresignificantfeaturesofthisdra- Delaware—the GreatBreadloafHilloppositetheAdam’s DamRoad the mostpowerful inallof andvisuallysignificantlandforms Valley ScenicRiverandHighway Studyidentifiedthisareaas“oneof andpastoralviews (Plate103). The1987Brandywine Dam andpond, Adam’s astonebridge, splitrailfences, ing stonewall reproductions, featur- Adam’s Damroadsisheavily trafficked butalsoquitebeautiful, Turf pavers were withtheintentto addedtothisintersection ofMontchaninRoadwithThompson’sThe intersection Bridgeand 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage99 ilycetd undesirableelement(Plate107). cially created, tion ofAdam’s screenthisartifi- DamandMontchaninroads.Invasive plantspartially Recommendations: A huge rubble mound dominates the northeast corner of the northern intersec- ofthenorthern corner mounddominatesthenortheast A hugerubble • Consolidatehighway ofRt.100and92(seePlate103). signageatintersection moundby• Screenrubble removing invasive speciesandplantingamixtureof Adam’s Damand • Investigate toexistingturfpavers atMontchanin, alternatives tall-growing shade trees and eastern red cedars well redcedars beyondtall-growing shadetreesandeastern utilitylines. 25). tion (Figure intersec- narrow Thompson Bridgeroadstoachieve thelookofasmallscale, Plate 107Rubblemoundfromtheair Historical stonewall Plate 105 Shoulder at Montchanin Road / Route 92 intersection Shoulder atMontchaninRoad/Route92intersection Plate 106 99 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100) 45cmyk300Rt52.qxd 2/2/065:30PMPage100 100 Montchanin Road (Rt. 100)