Akt1/ PKBαHis - inactive Protein B human, recombinant, Sf9 insect cells

Cat. No. Amount Description: The N-terminal His-tagged full-length recombinant protein human PR-325 20 µg Akt1 kinase (PKB) is expressed in Sf9 insect cells and purified by Ni-NTA agarose chromatography. Not phosphorylated at Thr308 and Ser473. or Akt (PKB/Akt) is a serine/threonine kinase, For in vitro use only! which in mammals comprises three highly homologous members known as PKBα (Akt1), PKBβ (Akt2), and PKBγ (Akt3). PKB/Akt is activ- Shipping: shipped on dry ice ated in cells exposed to diverse stimuli such as hormones, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. The Thr-308 residue in Storage Conditions: store at -80 °C the kinase domain and Ser-473 residue in the tail domain of Akt1 need to be phosphorylated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein Additional Storage Conditions: avoid freeze/thaw cycles kinase-1 (PDK1) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-2 Shelf Life: 12 months (PDK2), respectively, for its maximal activation. The corresponding phosphorylation sites in Akt2 (Thr-309 and Ser-474) and Akt3 (Thr-305 Molecular Weight: 59 kDa and Ser- 472) have been identified, and Akt2 and Akt3 appear also to Accession number: BC000479 be regulated by PDK1 and PDK2. A limited number of studies of the expression pattern of the three Akt isoforms reveal Akt1 and Akt2 Purity: > 90 % (SDS-PAGE) are ubiquitous, whereas Akt3 is expressed predominantly in brain, Form: liquid (Supplied in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM heart, and kidney. The activation mechanism remains to be fully DTT, 25 mM betaglycerophosphate and 50% glycerol) characterised but occurs downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). PI-3K generates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), lipid second messenger essential for the translocation of PKB/Akt to the plasma membrane where it is phosphorylated and activated by phosphoinositidedependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) and possibly other . PKB/Akt phosphorylates and regulates the function of many cellular proteins involved in processes that include metabolism, , and proliferation. Recent evidence indicates that PKB/Akt is frequently constitutively active in many types of human cancer. Akt1 contains a region homologous to a pleckstrin domain found in multiple signaling molecules and is stimulated by a number of receptor tyrosine kinases, including receptors for IGF, NGF, PDGF, VEGF, angiotensin, and insulin, by the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase).

Selected References: Hixon et al. (2000) Akt1/PKB upregulation leads to vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and polyploidization. J. Clin. Invest. 106:1011.

Nicholson et al. (2002) The protein kinase B/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy. Cell Signal. 14:381.

Bellacosta et al. (2004) A portrait of AKT kinases: human cancer and animal models depict a family with stron individualities. Cancer Biol. Ther. 3:268.

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